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THE  HISTORY  OF  NATIONS 

HENRY  CABOT  LODGE,  PkD,LL.D.  EDITOR-IN  CHIEF 


GENERAL  INDEX 


Edited  by 


J.ELLIS  BURDICK 


Vol 


ume  xxv. 


The  H  .W.  Snow  and  Son  Company 

C  h  i   c   a   <3    o 


Copyright,  1907,  by 
JOHN  D.  MORRIS  &  COMPANY 


Copyright,  1910 
THE  H.  W.  SNOW  &  SON  COMPANY 


PREFACE 

Man  may  not  live  as  long  in  years  nowadays  as  he  did  in  olden  times, 
but  he  lives  more.  Machines  must  do  more  work  and  with  less 
of  human  direction  than  ever  before.  The  traveler  must  go  on  an 
express;  he  cannot  bear  the  delays  of  the  local.  The  popularity  of 
Dickens  has  waned  because  of  his  verbosity ;  a  novel  to  be  interesting 
to  the  busy  man  of  to-day  must  be  terse.  When  he  buys  ah  en- 
cyclopaedia —  we  are  speaking  of  the  average  man  and  not  of  the  stu- 
dent —  he  does  not  invest  in  an  old  fashioned  one  with  its  dry  dis- 
cussions, however  authoritative  it  may  be,  but  in  one  of  the  modern 
works  with  its  concise  information.  The  reference  work  that  is  com- 
plete in  itself,  that  has  everything  just  where  the  user  expects  to  find 
it,  is  the  one  demanded  now. 

To  make  such  a  practical  reference  book  has  been  the  object  of  the 
editor  and  the  publishers  in  preparing  this  General  Index  Volume. 
We  have  also  had  in  view  the  important  object  —  that  of  rounding 
out,  uniting,  and  enhancing  the  value  of  volumes  one  to  twenty- 
four  of  "  The  History  of  Nations."  The  fact  that  each  nation  or  epoch 
is  treated  by  a  recognized  authority  on  that  subject  makes  each  par- 
ticular volume  of  unquestioned  value,  equipped  as  it  is  with  its  own 
index,  but  the  value  of  the  work  as  a  whole  becomes  incalculable 
with  the  crowning  addition  of  a  General  Index.  For  who  can 
decide  whether  he  will  find  the  best  account  of  the  "  Battle  of 
Issus "  in  volume  one  —  Ancient  Empires,  or  in  volume  two  — 
Greece,  or  in  volume  five  —  India  and  Persia  ?  And  it  is  also  quite 
possible  that  a  reader  will  forget  that  he  is  sure  to  find  an  account 
of  the  explorations  of  the  French  in  America  in  the  volume  on 
Colonies  of  the  World  as  well  as  in  the  History  of  the  United  States. 
The  important  convenience  of  the  index  in  each  volume  is  therefore 
admirably  supplemented  by  this  encyclopaedic  General   Index. 

In  the  first  section  of  this  volume  is  the  General  Index.  All 
the  entries  contained  in  the  various  volume  indexes  are  compiled 
here  but  wherever  there  are  references  to  the  same  event  in  two  or 
more  volumes  they  are  combined.     The  references  to  persons  are 


PREFACE 

given  an  encyclopaedic  value  by  the  inclusion  of  birth  and  death 
dates  and  by  such  designations  as  British  statesmen,  German  sol- 
diers, American  naval  officers,  French  heroines,  etc. ;  by  defining 
treaties,  edicts,  and  laws;  and  by  defining  and  giving  the  causes, 
principal  events,  and  results  of  wars. 

In  addition  to  the  main  entries,  there  are  about  300  biographies 
of  noted  persons,  each  in  its  alphabetical  place,  about  one  hundred 
special  topics,  such  as  Agriculture,  Archaeology,  Architecture,  Bat- 
tles and  Sieges,  Political  Parties,  and  Religion,  thus  enabling  one 
who  is  desirous  of  studying  any  of  these  subjects  to  find  quickly 
all  the  references ;  then  there  are  about  2500  cross-references.  Many 
of  these  cross-references  are  such  as  are  necessitated  by  variation 
in  spelling  among  authorities,  but  more  are  sobriquets  such  as  "  Cor- 
poral, The  Little:  see  Napoleon  (I)  Bonaparte  ";  under  "  Napoleon  " 
will  be  found  not  only  the  sobriquet  quoted  but  also  ten  other  well- 
known  ones. 

Part  II  is  a  General  World  Chronology  and  here  the  reader  can 
fix  in  memory  the  great  events  and  crises  of  world  history.  This 
section  is  designated  to  be  used  in  connection  with  the  General  Index 
and  the  various  volumes,  thus  enabling  the  student  to  acquire  a 
knowledge  of  history  in  its  broadest  aspects. 

The  third  section  is  something  never  before  included  in  an  index 
to  any  historical  work  and  yet  there  has  been  a  need  for  a  long  time 
for  just  such  a  classified  and  chronologically  arranged  Bibliography 
of  Historical  Novels.     Please  see  the  Introduction  on  page  819. 

Sections  four  and  five  are  of  obvious  importance,  being  respectively 
an  Index  of  the  Authors  and  Titles  quoted  in  the  twenty-five  volumes, 
and  an  Index  of  the  Artists,  Illustrations,  and  Maps  in  volumes  one 
to  twenty-four.  Artists  or  authors  as  the  case  may  be  are  printed 
in  bold  type  and  their  works  in  ordinary  type. 

Philadelphia,  Penna. 


CONTENTS 

GENERAL  INDEX I 

WORLD  CHRONOLOGY 787 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  HISTORIAL  NOVELS 817 

Egypt 821 

Babylonia  and  Assyria 821 

Persia 822 

Arabia 822 

Israel 822 

Greece 824 

Rome,  Roman  Empire,  and  Italy 825 

India 830 

Japan 832 

Spain  and  Portugal 833 

France 834 

England 844 

Wales 868 

Ireland 868 

Scotland 871 

The  Netherlands 875 

Switzerland 877 

Russia 877 

Poland 878 

Turkey 879 

Scandinavia 880 

Austria-Hungary 881 

Germany 882 

Africa 885 

Canada 886 

Australia  and  New  Zealand 888 

South  America 888 

Mexico  and  Central  America 889 

West  Indies 889 

Discovery  of  America 890 

The  United  States 890 

INDEX  OF  AUTHORS  AND  TITLES .901 

INDEX  OF  ARTISTS,  ILLUSTRATIONS,  AND  MAPS  .      .  1055 


GENERAL  INDEX 


GENERAL  INDEX 

TO 

THE  HISTORY  OF  NATIONS 


Aachen:  see  Aix-la-Chapelle 

Aagard,  Denmark:  defeat  of  rebels 
at  (1446).  16,  130 

Aagesen  (Aageson),  Svend,  Scandi- 
navian writer  (12th  century):  com- 
piles a  history  of  Denmark,   16,  7 

Aahmes  (Amasis)  I,  King  of  Egypt, 
ca.  1700  B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  21 

Aahmes  (Amasis)  II,  King  of  Egypt, 
570-526  B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  32 

Aali  (Ali)  Pasha  (1815-1871),  Grand 
Vizier  of  Turkey:  services  of,  14, 
439.  442;  recommends  the  Pact  of 
Halippa,  467;  death  of,  473 

Aarau,  Diet  of  (1797),  13,  509 

Aarau,  Peace  of  (1712),  a  treaty  con- 
cluded between  the  Protestant  and 
Catholic  states  of  Switzerland,  13, 
480 

Aaron:  see  Harun 

Aaron,  Saint  (died  ca.  300  A.  D.): 
martyred,  11,  14 

Aarsens  (Aarssens),  Cornelius  van, 
father  of  succeeding:  Spanish  at- 
tempt to  bribe,  13,  186 

Aarsens,  Francis  van  (1 572-1641), 
Dutch  diplomatist  and  politician: 
plots  destruction  of  Barneveldt,  13, 
196 

Aasa,  daughter  of  Ingjald  Illraada: 
death  of,  16,  36 

Aasund  on  the  Aase  Sound,  Denmark: 
battle  of  (1520),  16,  141,  148 

Abascal  y  Sousa,  Jos6  Fernando, 
Marques    de    la    Concordia    (1743- 


1821),  Spanish  general  and  states- 
man: honored,  11,  228 

Abaza  (d.  1634),  Turkish  governor  of 
Merasch:  revolt  of,  14,  214;  submis- 
sion of,  220 

Abazuza,   Spain:   battle   of    (1873),   8, 

514 

Abba  Garima,  Abyssinia:  battle  of 
(1896),   19,  248 

Abbas  (I)  the  Great  (1 557-1628),  Shah 
of  Persia,  1586-1628:  reign  of,  5,  343 

Abbas  II  (1632-1666),  Shah  of  Persia, 
1642-1666:   reign  of,  5,  347 

Abbas  III  (d.  1736),  Shah  of  Persia, 
1733-1736:  reign  of,  5.  35i 

Abbas  I  (d.  1854),  Ruler  of  Egypt, 
1848-1854:    reign   of,    I,   38 

Abbas  (II)  Hilmi  (b.  1874),  Khedive 

of  Egypt,  1892 :  accession  of,  I, 

40;  reign  of,  19,  273 

Abbas  (566-652  A.  D.)  uncle  of  Mo- 
hammed: at  the  battle  of  Honain,  1, 
232;  granted  a  pension,  257 

Abbas  Mirza  (ca.  1783-1833),  Persian 
prince:  his  campaign  against  the 
Georgians,  5,  358;  his  campaign 
against  the  Russians,  5,  359,.  15,  283 

Abbasid  (Abbasside)  Dynasty,  caliphs 
of  Bagdad,  750-1258:  rise  of,  1,  339; 
condition  of  Persia  under,  5,  326 

Abbeville,  Treaty  of  (1259),  a  treaty 
concluded  between  Henry  III  of 
England  and  Louis  IX  of  France, 
9.  83 

Abbott,    James     (1807-1896),     Anglo- 


4 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Indian  statesman:  associated  with 
the  Lawrences  in  India,  5,  223 

Abbott,  Josiah  G.,  American  poli- 
tician: member  of  the  Electoral 
Commission    (1876),  24,  913  note 

Abdalkerim  (9th  century),  Moorish 
general:  campaign  against  Alfonso 
the  Chaste,  8,  73 

Abdalla  ben  Abdelmelic  (8th  cen- 
tury), Moorish  general:  his  cam- 
paign against  the  Gauls,  8,  72 

Abdalla  ben  Abderalman  (8th  cen- 
tury), Moorish  prince:  revolts 
against  Alhakena,  8,  72;  revolts 
against  Abderahman  II,  73 

Abdalla  ben  Balkin  (nth  century), 
King  of  Granada:  dethroned,  8,  89 

Abdalla  ben  Humusgui  (12th  cen- 
tury), Moorish  military  officer:  de- 
feats the  Almohades,  8,  95 

Abdalla  ben  Malchi  (9th  century), 
Moorish  general:  his  campaign 
against  Alfonso  the  Chaste,  8,  73 

Abdalla  ben  Mohammed  (d.  912  A. 
D.),  Caliph  of  Cordova,  888-912  A. 
D.:  reign  of,  8,  75 

Abdalla  ben  Mohammed  el  Zagal, 
King  of  Granada,  1483-1491:  reign 
of,  8,  121 

Abdalla  or  Abdallah:  see  also  Abdul- 
lah 

Abdallah  (8th  century)  uncle  of  Saf- 
fah:    defeats    the    Caliph    Merwan, 

«.  341 
Abdallah  Abu  Mohammed,  surnamed 

Aladel      (d.      1225),     Mohammedan 

ruler:  reign  of,  8,  102 
Abdallah    ben    Jaafer    (7th    century), 

Mohammedan  general:  at  the  battle 

of  Abyla,  1,  277 
Abdallah    ben    Musa     (8th    century), 

Arabian      general:      succeeds      his 

father,  1,  318 
Abdallah     ben     Said     (7th     century), 

Arabian  general:  attempts  the  con- 
quest of  Africa,  1,  300 
Abdallah    ben    Zobeir    (7th    century), 

Arabian   general:   bis   campaigns  in 

Africa,  1,  306 
Abdalmalek     (Abd-el-Malek,     Abd-el- 

Malik,  Abdelmelic   or  Abdul-Malik), 

Caliph  of  the  East,  685-705  A.  D.: 


plans  conquest  of  Africa,  1,  306; 
reign   of,   329 

Abdalmalek:  see  also  Abdelmelic 

Abd  al  Mumin:  see  Abdelmumen 

Abd  al  Muttalib  (Abd  el  Mottalib  or 
Abdul  Muttalib)  (d.  578  A.  D.), 
grandfather  of  Mohammed  the 
Prophet:  sketch  of,  1,  205 

Abd  ar-Rahman:  see  Abderahman 

Abdelasis:  see  Abdul- Aziz 

Abdel  Kader  (Abd-el-Kader  or  Abdul 
Kadir)  (1807-1883),  Arab  chief:  ac- 
count of,  14,  466 

Abdelbar  (15th  century),  hagib  of 
Granada:  revolt  of,  8,   119 

Abd-el-Malek  or  Abd-el-Malik:  see 
Abdalmalek 

Abdelmelic  (Abdalmalek,  Abd-el- 
Malek,  Abd-el-Malik,  or  Abdul- 
Malik)  (8th  century),  governor  of 
Seville:  crushes  rebellion  of  Yussuf, 
8,  69 

Abdelmelic  (Abdalmalek,  Abd-el- 
Malek,  Abd-el-Malik,  or  Abdul- 
Malik)  ben  Cotan  (Khotan),  Emir 
of  Cordova,  733-736  A.  D.:  reign  of, 
8,  65 

Abdelmelic  ben  Giafar,  surnamed 
Amad  Dola  (12th  century),  King 
of  Granada:  reign  of,  8,  91 

Abdelmelic  ben  Mohammed  (d.  1006), 
Moorish  statesman:  made  regent  of 
Cordova,  8,  79 

Abd  el  Motlalib:  see  Abd  al  Mutlalib 

Abdelmumen  (Abdul  Mumin  or  Abd 
al  Mumin)  (1101-1163),  Caliph  of 
Morocco,  1130-1163:  reign  of,  8,  95 

Abdera,  in  ancient  geography,  a  city 
of  Thrace:    founded,   2,   82 

Abderahman  (Abdar-Rahman,  Abdul- 
Rahman,  Abd  er-Rahman,  Abd  al- 
Rahman  or  Abdurrahanan)  (I)  ben 
Moawiyah  (731-788  A.  D.).  Caliph 
of  Cordova  756-788  A.  D.:  founds 
dynasty  of  Omayyads  in  Spain,  1, 
342;  his  conquests  in  Catalonia,  8, 
219;  death  of,  1,  338 

Abderahman  (II)  ben  Alhakem, 
Caliph  of  Cordova,  821-852  A.  D.: 
reign   of,   8,   73 

Abderahman  (III)  ben  Mohammed 
(891-961  A.  D.),  Caliph  of  Cordova, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


912-961  A.  D.:  reign-  of,  I,  343,  8, 
76;  campaign  against  Ordofio  II  of 
Leon,  8,  135;  invades  Navarre  (921 
A.  D.),  198 

Abderahman  (IV)  Almortadi,  Caliph 
of  Cordova,  1018-1023:  proclaimed 
king,  8,  81 

Abderahman  (V)  ben  Hixem  (His- 
ham),  Caliph  of  Cordova,  1023: 
reign  of,  8,  81 

Abderahman  ben  Abdalla,  Emir  of 
Cordova,  722-724  and  729-731,  some- 
times called  Caliph  of  Cordova: 
made  emir,  8,  63;  at  war  with  the 
Franks,  1,  335.  8,  64,  9,  37,  18,  73 

Abderahman  ben  Abdalla,  surnamed 
Almudafar  (ca.  900  A.  D.),  Moorish 
prince:  crushes  rebellion  of  his 
brothers,  8,  76 

Abderahman  ben  Mohammed  (ca. 
1000  A.  D.),  Moorish  general:  made 
hagib  of  Cordova,  8,  79 

Abderahman  ben  Ocba  (8th  century), 
Emir  of  Cordova:  at  siege  of  Cor- 
dova, 8,  66;  at  battle  of  Calatrava, 
66;  made  Caliph  of  Cordova,  8,  67 

Abdicated  Monarchs: 
A.  D. 
305.     Diocletian    and    Maximian,    3 

526,  4.  ii5,  9,  13 
855.     Lothar   I,    Holy    Roman    Em- 
peror, 18,  95 
ca.  877.     Seiwa,  Emperor  of  Japan, 

7.  46 

910.     Alfonso  (III)  the  Great,  King 

of  Asturias  and  Leon,  8,  134 
1031,  Hixem  III,  Caliph  of  Cordova, 

8,  83 

1 106.     Henry  IV,  Holy  Roman  Em- 
peror, 18,  137 
1 142.     Sutoku,    Emperor    of    Japan, 

7,  56 

1173.  Vladislav  II,  King  of  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  67 

1 180.     Takakura,  Emperor  of  Japan, 

7,  59 

ca.  1219.  Juntoku,  Emperor  of  Ja- 
pan, 7,  71 

ca.  1219.  Tsuchimikado,  Emperor 
of  Japan,  7,  71 

ca.  1222.  Gotoba,  Emperor  of  Ja- 
pan, 7,  72 


1246.     Gosaga,    Emperor    of   Japan, 

7,  83 

1302.  Mohammed  (III)  Abu  Ab- 
dalla, 8,  in 

1313.  Nassir  ben  Ferag,  King  of 
Granada,  8,  in 

1319.  Hanazono,  Emperor  of  Ja- 
pan, 7,  83 

1399.  Richard  II,  King  of  Eng- 
land, 11,  186 

1444.  Murad  (Amurath)  II,  Sultan 
of  Turkey,  14,  64 

1445.  Murad  (Amurath)  II,  Sultan 
of  Turkey,  14,  68 

1495.     Alfonso  II,  King  of  Naples, 

8,  269 

1512.     Bayezid  II,  Sultan  of  Turkey, 

14,  "7 

1527.  Gustavus  (I)  Vasa,  King 
of  Sweden,  16,  158 

1 554-1 556.  Charles  V,  Holy  Ro- 
man Emperor,  4,  307,  8,  351,  9, 
147.  13,  59.  18,  259,  33,  118 

1598.  Philip  II,  King  of  Spain,  8, 
363 

1601.  Sigismund  Batory,  King  of 
Poland,  17,  223 

1654.  Christina,  Queen  of  Sweden, 
16,  206 

1659.     Richard  Cromwell,  II,  373 

1668.  Alfonso  VI,  King  of  Portu- 
gal, 8,  468 

1688.  James  II,  King  of  England 
(by  flight),  11,  431,  «.  U2,  359. 
23,  157 

1707.  Sigismund  (II)  Augustus, 
King  of  Poland,  15,  46,  65,  16,  219 

1724.  Philip  V,  King  of  Spain,  8, 
408,  23,  191 

1762.  Peter  III,  Emperor  of  Rus- 
sia, 15.  157 

1796.  Ch'ienlung,  Emperor  of 
China,  6,  115 

1802.  Charles  Emmanuel  II,  King 
of  Sardinia,  9,  307 

1806.  Francis  II,  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  9,  327,  17.  204 

1807.  Charles  III,  King  of  Spain, 
and    Ferdinand,   heir  apparent,  8, 

527 

1808.  Charles  IV,  King  of  Spain, 
8,  487.  9,  332,  10,  475.  ".  230 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


1809.  Gustavus  (IV)  Adolphus, 
King  of  Sweden,  10,  481,  16,  252 

1810.  Louis  Bonaparte,  King  of 
Holland,  13,  268 

1814.  Napoleon  (I)  Bonaparte,  4, 
349,  8»  532,  9,  349,  10,  494,  «.  566, 
15,  262,  17,  311,  18,  388 

1815.  Napoleon  (I)  Bonaparte, 
signs  second  abdication,  4,  350,  8, 
532,  9,  365,  10,  502,  11,  568,  17, 
314,  18,  390 

1821.     Victor    Emmanuel,    King    of 

Sardinia,  4,  355,  9,  377 
1825.     Pedro  I,  Emperor  of  Brazil, 
abdicates    crown   of   Portugal,    8, 
535,  21,  167 
1840.     William   (I)    Frederick,  King 

of  Holland,  13,  313 
1840.     Maria     Christina,    queen    re- 
gent of  Spain,  9,  418 
1848.     Louis      Philippe,      King      of 

France,  9,  434 
1848.     Ferdinand     I,     Emperor     of 

Austria,  17,  371,  18,  402 
1886.     Alexander,     Prince    of     Bul- 
garia, 15,  343 
Abd-Melkarth  (Abd-milkot),  King  of 
Sidon,  7th  century  B.   C. :   defeated 
by  Esarhaddon,  1,  124 
Abdul  Hamid  I  (1725-1789),  Sultan  of 
Turkey,     1774-1789:    reign    of,     14, 
337;  death  of,  355 
Abdul  Hamid  II   (b.  1842),  Sultan  of 

Turkey,     1876 :    reign    of,    478; 

character  of,  489 
Abdul     Hamid     (Karazaridzi)      (16th 
century),    Turkish    military     chief: 
revolt  of,  14,  208 
Abdul  Kadir:  see  Abdel  Kader 
Abdul  Karim   (19th  century),   Groom 
of  the  Imperial  Chamber:  gives  les- 
sons in   Hindustani  to   Queen  Vic- 
toria, 5,  287 
Abdul  Medjid  (Abd  al  Medjid,  Abdel 
Medjid,    or    Abdul    Mejid)     (1823- 
1861)   Sultan  of  Turkey,   1839-1861 : 
accession  of,  14,  437;  reign  of,  14, 
439,    15,    292;    reforms    of,    14,    96; 
death  of,  14,  472 
Abdul  Mumin:  see  Abdelmumen 
Abdul  Muttalib:  see  Abd  al  Muttalib 
Abdul  Rahman:  see  Abderahman 
Abdul-Aziz    (Abdelasis    or    Abd    al- 


Aziz)  (1830-1876),  Sultan  of  Tur- 
key,  1861-1876:  reign  of,  14,  472; 
deposition  and  death  of,  475 

Abdul-Aziz  (Abdelasis  or  Abd  al- 
Aziz)  ben  Muza  (Musa)  (8th  cen- 
tury), Moorish  general:  his  cam- 
paigns in  Spain,  1,  316,  8,  51;  suc- 
ceeds to  the  command  in  Spain,  1, 
318,  8,  63;  death  of,  1,  318,  8,  63 

Abdul-Kerim  Pasha  (1811-1885), 
Turkish  general:  wins  battle  of 
Djunis,   17,  419 

Abdullah  (early  19th  century),  Pasha 
of  Syria:  Mehemet  AH  overthrows, 
15,  289 

Abdullah  Ibn  Saud  (d.  1819),  last 
Emir  of  the  Wahabites:  death  of, 
14,  409 

Abdul-Malik:  see  Abdalmalek 

Abdur  Rahman:  see  also  Abderahman 

Abdur  Rahman  Khan  (ca.  1830-1901), 
Amir  of  Afghanistan,  1880-1901: 
proclaimed  Amir,  5,  258;  death  of, 
287 

Abel,  (d.  1252),  King  of  Denmark, 
1250-1252:  invested  with  Slesvig,  16, 
91,  266;  reign  of,  92 

Aben  Aboo,  see  Diego  Lopez  ben 
Aboo 

Aben  Alafia,  Emir  of  Meguinez,  early 
10th  century:  captures  Fez,  8,  76 

Aben  Alhamar:  see  Mohammed  I, 
King  of  Granada 

Aben  Dylnun,  King  of  Toledo,  nth 
century:  besieges  Cordova,  8,  86 

Abe-no-Hirafu  (7th  century),  Jap- 
anese general:  his  campaigns  in  the 
north,  7,  27 

Abe-no-Masahiro  (19th  century),  Jap- 
anese statesman:  urges  signing  of 
treaty  with  America,  7,  157 

Abe-no-Nakamaro  (8th  century),  Jap- 
anese scholar:  sketch  of,  7,  35 

Abensberg,  Lower  Bavaria,  Ger- 
many: battle  of  (1809),  9,  335 

Aberastein,  Dr.  (d.  1868),  Spanish- 
American  statesman:  leads  revolt, 
21,  129 

Abercrombie,  James  (1706-1781),  Brit- 
ish soldier:  given  command  of  Brit- 
ish forces  in  America,  11,  500,  23, 
184;  in  expedition  against  Ticon- 
deroga,  189 


GENERAL    INDEX 


Abercrombie  (Abercromby),  Sir 
Ralph  (1734-1801),  British  soldier: 
his  expedition  against  the  Dutch, 
13,  267;  his  expedition  to  Egypt,  II, 

551 

Aberdeen,  George  Hamilton  Gordon, 
Earl  of  (1784-1860),  British  states- 
man: his  foreign  policy,  II,  603;  his 
policy  toward  Russia,  14,  447;  his 
ministry,  15,  305,  317;  his  ministry 
resigns,  14,  458 

Aberdeen,  John  Campbell  Hamilton, 
Earl  of  (b.  1847),  British  statesman: 
refuses  to  use  his  power  for  party 
purposes,   ao,    172 

Aberdeen,  University  of:  founded,  13, 
301 

Abgarus  (Abgar)  of  Edessa  (1st  cen- 
tury B.  C.)»  Arab  prince:  betrays 
the  Roman  army  (53  B.  C).  3,  3*3 

Abimilki,  King  of  Tyre,  ca.  1100  B. 
C. :  besieged  by  Zimrida  of  Tyre,  1, 
122 

Abo,  Finland,  Russia:  taken  by  the 
Russians  (1713),  15,  64 

Abo,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  concluded 
between  Russia  and  Sweden  (1743), 
15,    152,    16,  228 

Abolition  Movement  in  the  United 
States:  sentiment  of  the  South,  23, 
450;  opposition  to  nomination  of 
Clay  for  Presidency,  24,  520;  op- 
position to  Mexican  War,  548;  gen- 
eral treatment,  571;  Webster  op- 
poses methods  of  societies,  606;  in- 
fluence of  "  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin," 
638;  joint  movement  charged  to 
speeches  of  Seward  and  Lincoln, 
671;  abolition  secured  by  purchase 
in  the  District  of  Columbia  (1862), 
766;  abolition  secured  in  Territories 
(1862),  766;  platform  of  Baltimore 
convention  (1859),  800;  responsible 
for  John   Brown's   Raid,  674 

Abolition  Party  in  the  United  States: 
organized,  24,  580;  demands  eman- 
cipation of  slaves  in  seceded  States, 
742 

Abolitionist  Party  in  the  United 
States:  joins  Free  Soil  Party,  24, 
559 

Aboukir    (Abukir),    Egypt:    battle    of 


(1799).  9.  310,  10,  400,  14.  383.  ao, 

141 
Aboukir  Bay,  north  of  Egypt:  battle 

of  (1708).  Hi  549 
Abraham,  Plains  or  Heights  of,  near 

Quebec,  Canada:  battles  of  (1759), 

11,  500,  ao,  118,  23,  195;  (i860),  33, 

197 

Abramzoom,  surnamed  Leckerbeetjc 
(d.  1601),  Flemish  hero:  story  of, 
13.   176 

Abrantes,  Portugal:  battle  of  (1176), 
8,  08 

Absalom  (10th  century  B.  C),  Is- 
raelite prince  and  son  of  David:  re- 
bellion of,  1,  386 

Absalom  (Axel  Hvide)  (1128-1201), 
Danish  prelate,  Archbishop  of  Lund: 
sketch  of,  16,  7,  81;  makes  a  gift 
of  the  site  for  Copenhagen,  69; 
death  of,  85 

Abu  Abdalla  (d.  1302),  Hagib  of  Gra- 
nada:   murdered,   8,    in 

Abu  Abdalla  ben  Muley  (Boabdil), 
King  of  Granada,  1483-1492:  revolt 
of,  8,  121,  23,  29 

Abu  Abdalla  Mohammed  ben  Hud, 
King  of  Andulusia,  13th  century:  re- 
volts against  Moors,  8,  102 

Abu  Amram  (12th  century),  Almor- 
avide  general:  his  campaigns  in  An- 
dalusia, 8,  97 

Abu  Ayub  (Job)  (d.  668  A.  D.),  Arab 
general:  career  of,  1,  328 

Abu  Bekir  (12th  century).  Moorish 
general:  sent  against  Mohammed 
ben  Abdalla,  8,  94 

Abu  Bekr  (Aboo  Bekr,  Abou  Bekr, 
or  Abu-Bakr)  (573-634  A.  D.),  Ara- 
bian caliph:  publishes  the  Koran,  1, 
211;  accepts  the  doctrine  of  Moham- 
med, 218;  chosen  as  Mohammed's 
successor,  236:  distribution  of  his 
wealth,  256;  reign  of,  1,  266,  5,  322 

Abu  Giafer  (nth  century),  King  of 
Saragossa:  forms  alliance  with  Yus- 
sef,  8,  90;  defeated  by  Alfonso  I  of 
Aragon,  91 

Abu  Mohammed  el  Baxir  (early  12th 
century),  Arab  sheik:  his  campaign 
against  AH  ben  Yussef,  8,  04 

Abu     Moslem     (Abu     Muslim)     (8th 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


century),  Arab  general:  places  the 
Ablasids  on  the  throne  of  Damas- 
cus, i,  339 

Abu  Obaidah  (7th  century),  Arab  gen- 
eral: commands  army  for  conquest 
of  Syria,  I,  267;  saves  Damascenes 
from  massacre,  274;  at  the  battle  of 
Yermuk,  281;  at  the  siege  of  Jeru- 
salem, 282;  death  of,  288 

Abu  Said  (14th  century),  King  of 
Granada:  leads  conspiracy  in  favor 
of  Ismail  (1358),  8,  116;  usurps 
throne  of  Granada,  116 

Abu  Said  (early  15th  century),  King 
of  Fez:  accession  of,  8,  117 

Abu  Said  (9th  century),  religious 
fanatic:  power  of,  1,  361 

Abu  Sufyan  (9th  century),  Arab 
prince,  head  of  the  republic  of 
Mecca:  opposes  Mohammed,  1,  221; 
warns  Mecca  of  the  power  of  Mo- 
hammed, 226;  gives  Mohammed 
the  keys  of  Mecca,  231 

Abu  Tahir  (9th  century),  religious 
fanatic:  power  of,  1,  361 

Abu  Talib  (ca.  600  A.  D.),  uncle  of 
Mohammed,  the  Prophet:  guardian 
of  Mohammed,  1,  206;  preaches 
against  Mohammed,  220 

Abukir:  see  Aboukir 

Abul  Cassem  (15th  century),  Moorish 
statesman,  hagib  of  Granada:  nego- 
tiates the  surrender  of  Granada,  8, 
124 

Abul  Fazl  (d.  1602),  Mogul  histori- 
ographer: sketch  of,  5,  114 

Abul  Hassan  (13th  century),  Moor- 
ish general,  wali  of  Carmona:  at 
war  with  the  Christians,  8,  106,  114 

Abul  Melic  Abdelwahid,  King  of 
Mauritania  and  Spain,  1223-1224; 
reign  of,  8,  102 

Abyberg,  Colonel,  Swiss  military  offi- 
cer: his  campaign  in  the  Revolution 
of  1830,  13,  541 

Abydos,  in  ancient  geography,  a  town 
in  Mysia,  Asia  Minor:  battle  of  (411 
B.  C),  2,  364 

Abyla,  Syria:  battle  of  (ca.  635  A.  D.), 
1,  277 

Abyssinia,  a  country  of  Africa: 
Semites'  occupation  of,  1,  187;  de- 
scription of,  19,  247 


Acadia,  a  former  French  colony  in 
America:  named,  20,  81;  granted  to 
De  Monts,  82;  ceded  to  England, 
20,  85,  107,  23,  162;  becomes  Nova 
Scotia,  23,  161;  boundary  dispute, 
163,  167;  in  Treaty  of  Ryswick,  160; 
inhabitants  expelled,  179;  inhabi- 
tants rejected  by  New  England 
colonies,  181;  see  also  Nova  Scotia 

Acapulco,  a  sea-port  in  Mexico: 
founded,  20,  51;  captured  by  the 
Dutch,  22,  162;  importance  of,  192; 
siege  of  (1813),  244 

Acarnania,  an  ancient  division  of 
Greece:  geogrpahy  of,  2,  10;  cam- 
paigns of  Demosthenes  in,  300;  con- 
quered by  Agesilaus,  402;  joins 
jEtolian  League,  516 

Accessory  Transit  Company:  opens 
route  across  Nicaragua,  24,  626 

Accounting  Law,  a  law  regulating 
railways  in  Switzerland  (1895),  13, 
576 

Aceval,  Emilio,  President  of  Paraguay, 
1898-1902:    administration,    21,    260 

Acha,  Jose  Maria  (1805-1868),  Bo- 
livian revolutionist,  President  of 
Bolivia,  1861-1865:  member  of  Coun- 
cil of  State  of  Bolivia,  21,  188; 
made  president  of  Bolivia,  189; 
wounded  and  deposed,  190 

Achbar  ben  Nafi  al-Fahri:  see  Okbah 

Achaean  League  (281-146  B.  C),  a  re- 
ligious confederation  in  Achaia,  con- 
sisting of  twelve   cities:   revival  of, 

2,  516;  Philip  V  of  Macedon  allied 
with,  517;  expiration  of,  520;  faults 
of,  3,  138;  joins  Rome,  140;  declares 
war  against  Sparta  (146  B.  C),  166 

Achaeans,  a  tribe  of  Southern  Thes- 

saly:   found  Sybaris,  3,  26 
Achaemenes,      Cyrus,      an      Egyptian 

satrap,  ca.  480  B.  C. :  made   satrap, 

i,  32 
Achaeus,    Greek    mythical    character: 

founds  Hellenic  clan,  2,  24 
Achaeus  (2nd  century  B.  C),  a  Greek 

slave:    general    in    the    slave    revolt, 

3,  173 

Achaia,  in  southern  Thessaly:  geogra- 
phy of,  2,  17;  revives  Achaean 
League,  516;  created  French  princi- 
pality, 536;  province  of,  formed,  3, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


9 


166;  surrenders  to  Mithradates, 
217;  inhabitants  of,'  their  Homeric 
importance,  a,  32;  inhabitants  con- 
quered by  Dorians,  48;  claimed  as 
leaders  of  Dorian  invasion,  49;  mi- 
gration to  Asia  Minor,  53;  colonies 
sent  to  Italy,  84;  join  Theban  alli- 
ance, 445;  and  Sparta,  446 

Achiki  (3rd  century  A.  D.),  a  Korean 
scholar:  introduces  Chinese  learning 
into  Japan,  7,  13 

Achilles,  Greek  legendary  warrior: 
home  of,  a,  9;  in  Homeric  poems, 

29.  33 

Achilles,  The  English:  see  Talbot, 
John,  Earl  of  Shrewsbury 

Achish  (nth  century  B.  C),  King  of 
Gath:  aids  David,  1,  383 

Achmet  II  (1642-1695),  Sultan  of 
Turkey,  1691-1695:  recognizes  Bocs- 
kai  as  voievode  of  Transylvania,  17, 
224 

Aclea  (Ockley),  Surrey,  England: 
battle  of  (851  A.  D.),   II,  42 

Acosta,  Joaquin  (1795-1852),  Colom- 
bian soldier  and  historian:  leads 
revolution  in  Colombia,  21,  90 

Acragus:  sec  Agrigentum 

Acre,  Asiatic  Turkey:  sieges  of  (1191), 

11,  113,  17,  92;  taken  by  Ibrahim 
Pasha  (1831),  15,  289;  (1832),  14, 
433;  (1840),  437 

Act  of  Explanation,  passed  by  Irish 
Parliament  (1665),  by  which  Irish 
settlers  agreed  to  give  up  one-third 
of  their  possessions,  12,  129 

Act  of  Renunciation,  passed  by  Eng- 
lish Parliament  (1783)  that  Ireland 
was  to  be  bound  only  by  the  laws 
made  by  the  king  and  the  Irish  Par- 
liament, 12,  189 

Act  of  Repeal,  passed  by  English 
Parliament  (1782),  interpreted  to 
mean  great  concessions  to  Ireland, 

12,  188 

Act  Rescissory,  passed  by  English 
Parliament  (1660),  rescinding  many 
concessions  to  Scotland,  12,  344 

Act  of  Settlement,  passed  by  Irish 
Parliament  (1661),  giving  new  set- 
tlers, as  a  body,  a  title  to  their  hold- 
ings, 12,  129 

Act  of  Union  (1815),  16,  261 


Act  of  1660,  passed  by  English  Parlia- 
ment, providing  that  no  goods 
should  be  imported  into  the  colonies 
or  exported  therefrom  except  in 
English  or  colonial  built  and  owned 
vessels,  23,  202 

Act  of  1700,  passed  by  English  Par- 
liament,  against    Catholics,   23,    148 

Act  of  1744,  an  act  of  the  English  Par- 
liament, against  Moravian  preach- 
ing, 33,  148 

Act  of  1870,  passed  by  Congress  of 
United  States  to  refund  national 
debt  in  bonds  bearing  five,  four  and 
one-half  and  four  per  cent,  interest, 
24.898 

Actium,  Acarnania,  Greece:  battle  of 
(30  B.  C),  a,  522,  4,  26 

Aculco,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1810),  ^, 
238 

Adad-nihan  (ca.  800  B.  C),  King  of 
Assyria:  attacks  Damascus  (805  B. 
C),  1,  392 

Adad-nirari  II,  King  of  Assyria,  911- 
891  B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  79 

Adad-nirari  III,  King  of  Assyria,  811- 
783  B.  C:  reign  of.  1,  81 

Adair,  Sir  Robert  (1 763-1855),  an  Eng- 
lish diplomat  and  writer:  concludes 
Treaty    of   the    Dardanelles    (1809), 

14,  405 

Adalberon  (d.  988),  Bishop  of  Laon: 
crowns  Hugh   Capet,  9,  59 

Adalbert,  Archbishop  of  Bremen  (d. 
1072),  a  German  prelate:  his  rela- 
tions with  Svend  Estridsen,  16,  69; 
appointed,  18,  130;  his  relations 
with  Henry  IV  of  Germany.  132 

Adalbert,  Saint  (955-997  A.  D.), 
Bishop  of  Prague,  a  Bohemian 
prelate:  his  work  in  Hungary,  17, 
46;  career  of,  63 

Adalbert  (1018-1056),  Margrave  of 
Babenbcrg:  reign  of,  17,  89 

Adam  of  Bremen  (d.  1076),  German 
ecclesiastical  historian:  quoted,  16, 
31.  58;  his  ■  description  of  Scandi- 
navia, 61 

Adam  of  Sternberg:  sec  Sternberg, 
Adam  of 

Adamites,  The,  a  sect  which  origi- 
nated in  North  Africa  in  the  2nd 
century    A.    D.    and    pretended    to 


10 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


have  attained  to  primitive  innocence 
of  Adam;  it  reappeared  in  the  14th 
and  15th  centuries  in  Europe:  cam- 
paign against  (1420),  18,  208 

Adams,  Major  (ca.  1750),  British 
military  officer:  his  campaign 
against  Mir  Kasim,  5,  187 

Adams,  Charles  Francis  (1807-1886), 
American  statesman  and  diplo- 
matist: presides  over  convention  at 
Buffalo,  24,  558;  protests  against 
building  of  the  "Alabama,"  881;  re- 
tires from  ministry  to  England, 
882;  in  Geneva  commission,  885; 
joins  liberal  movement,  890;  candi- 
date for  Presidential  nomination 
(1872),  891 

Adams,  John,  second  President  of  the 
United  States:  born  at  Braintree, 
Mass.,  October  19,  1735,  O.S.; 
graduated  from  Harvard  College, 
I755!  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  1758;  delegate  to  the 
first  Continental  Congress,  1774; 
member  of  the  committee  for  pre- 
paring a  declaration  of  independ- 
ence, 1776;  was  commissioner  to 
France,  1778;  with  Benjamin  Frank- 
lin and  John  Jay,  negotiated  the 
treaty  with  England,  1782;  minister 
to  the  court  of  St.  James,  1785- 
1788;  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  1 789-1 796;  President,  1796- 
1800;  died,  July  4,  1826 

Hears  Otis's  speech  against  gen- 
eral search  warrants,  23,  205;  de- 
fends soldiers  accused  of  Boston 
massacre,  217;  delegate  to  first  Con- 
tinental Congress,  223;  delegate  to 
second  Continental  Congress,  229; 
nominates  Washington  as  com- 
mander in  chief  of  army,  230;  draws 
up  Massachusetts  constitution,  239; 
member  of  committee  to  draft  a 
declaration  of  independence,  240; 
appointed  member  of  peace  com- 
mission, 286;  sent  as  minister  to 
England,  310;  attempts  to  secure 
loans  for  the  government,  313; 
minister  abroad,  324;  elected  Vice 
President,  340,  357;  elected  Presi- 
dent, 370;  Federalist  nominee  for 
President,  381;  epitomized,  475 


Adams,  John  Quincy  (called  Old 
Man  Eloquent)  (1767-1848),  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  1825- 
1829:  urges  renewal  of  fishery  priv- 
ileges, 23,  429;  appointed  on  peace 
commission,  429;  Secretary  of 
State,  43s;  signs  treaty  for  Florida 
purchase,  444;  protests  to  Russia, 
447;  candidate  for  Presidency,  460; 
defends  Jackson  from  court-mar- 
tial, 462,  492;  elected  President, 
463;  difficulties  of  his  administra- 
tion, 466;  sketch  of,  467;  negotiates 
commercial  treaties,  471;  political 
persecution  of,  during  administra- 
tion, 473;  character  of,  474,  475;  re- 
fuses to  attend  Jackson's  inaugura- 
tion, 481;  leader  of  the  Democratic- 
Republican  party,  24,  519;  cham- 
pion of  the  abolitionists,  578;  at- 
tempts  to  remove   the  "  gag  rule," 

579 
Adams,  Samuel,  orator  and  patriot: 
born  at  Boston,  Mass.,  September 
27,  1722;  graduated  from  Harvard 
College,  1740;  entered  mercantile 
life  but  was  unsuccessful  and  soon 
abandoned  it;  was  chosen  to  repre- 
sent Boston  in  the  General  Court 
of  Massachusetts,  1765;  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  first  Continental  Con- 
gress, 1774;  was  excepted  from  the 
general  pardon  offered  by  England, 
1775;  signed  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence, 1776;  member  of  Mas- 
sachusetts ratifying  convention, 
1788;  lieutenant  governor  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, 1789-1794;  governor, 
1794-1797;  died  at  Boston,  October 
2,  1803 

Uses  his  eloquence  in  favor  of  re- 
bellion, 23,  215;  outwits  the  gov- 
ernor of  Massachusetts,  222;  dele- 
gate to  first  Continental  Congress, 
223;  Gage  attempts  to  arrest,  226; 
delegate  to  second  Continental  Con- 
gress, 229;  excepted  from  amnesty 
offered  by  Gage,  231;  entertains 
idea  of  separation  from  England, 
237',  opposes  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, 324;  not  in  favor  of  the 
Constitution,  336;  defeated  for 
Congress,   342,   343 


GENERAL    INDEX 


11 


Adams,  William  (d.  1620),  English 
navigator:   settles  in  Japan,  7,  135 

Adda,  river  in  Italy:  battle  of  the 
(1705).  9,  222 

Adda,    Africa:    sold    to    the    English, 

19.  36 

Addington,  Henry,  Viscount  Sid- 
mouth  (1757-1844),  English  politi- 
cian: becomes  premier,  II,  551;  en- 
ters Pitt's  ministry,  556;  in  All  the 
Talents  Ministry,  558 

Addiscombe,  England:  military  school 
maintained  at,  5,  202 

Addison,  Joseph  (1672-1719),  English 
essayist,  poet,  statesman:  sketch 
of,  11,  461 

Addled  Parliament,  The  (1614),  11, 
3ii 

Adeimantus  (5th  century  B.  C). 
Corinthian  admiral,  2,   199 

Adelaide  (nth  century),  Princess  of 
Susa  and  Turin:  marries  Otho  of 
Savoy,  4,  272 

Adelaide  (19th  century),  queen  of 
Victor  Emmanuel  II:  death  of,  4, 
370 

Adelaide:  see  also  Adelheid 

Adelaide,     South     Australia:     named, 

20,  190;  settled,  193 

Adelechus  (8th  century),  son  of 
Disiderius:  at  the  battle  of  Sacra 
di  San  Michele,  4,  74 

Adelheid  (Adelaide),  Saint  (931-999 
A.  D.).  daughter  of  Rudolph  II  of 
Burgundy  and  wife  (1)  of  Lothar 
of  Burgundy  and  (2)  of  Otto  the 
Great:  sketch  of,  13,  344,  18,  III, 
116,  118 

Adelwald,  King  of  Lombards,  615- 
624:  reign  of,  4,  168 

Aden,  Arabia:  sketch  of,  5,  18;  siege 
of  (ca.  1515),  8,  329;  captured  by 
Turks  (ca.  1546),  14,  164;  history 
of,  20,  252 

Adgar  (12th  century),  Archbishop  of 
Lund:   installed,   16,  75 

Adherbal  (d.  112  B.  C),  King  of  Nu- 
midia:  reign  of,  3,  188 

Adige,  river  of  Italy:  battles  of  the 
(1706),  4,  329;   (1809),   10,  479 

Adil  Shahi  Dynasty,  Persian  dynasty, 
1489:  founded,  5,  106 

Adlercreutz  (Adlerkreuz),  Count  Karl 


Johan  (1757-1815),  Swedish  general: 
his  campaign  against  Russia,  15, 
216,  16,  251;  forces  the  abdication 
of  Gustavus,  252 

Adlerspaare,  .Count  George  (1760- 
1835),  Swedish  author,  statesman 
and  general:  forces  the  abdication 
of  Gustavus,  16,  251 

Admiral,  L'  (18th  century),  French 
patriot:  attempts  to  kill  Collot- 
d'Herbois,  10,  300 

Adolf  (13th  century),  Count -Duke 
of  Holstein:  compelled  to  relin- 
quish his  duchy,  16,  85 

Adolf  I  (Adolph  or  Adolphus)  16th 
century),  Duke  of  Holstein-Got- 
torp;  founds  the  Gottorp  line,  16, 
267;  refuses  the  Danish  crown,  132; 
death  of,   135 

Adolf  VII  (15th  century),  Duke  of 
Slesvig- Holstein:  his  struggles  to 
secure  Slesvig,   16,   127,  266 

Adolf  of  Nassau  (1 252-1298),  Holy 
Roman  Emperor,  1292-1298:  acces- 
sion of,  13,  363;  reign  of,  18,  183 

Adolph:  see  Ataulf  and  Ataulphus 

Adolph  Frederick  (1710-1771),  King 
of  Sweden,  1751-1771:  chosen  king, 
i5>  152;  reign  of,  16,  228;  death  of, 
229 

Adolphus:  see  also  Adolf 

Adolphus  (15th  century),  Duke  of 
Guelders:  usurps  duchy,  13,  45 

Adolphus  of  Nassau  (d.  1568), 
brother  of  William  the  Silent:  his 
campaigns  in  the  revolution,  13, 
109 

Adonijah  (nth  century  B.  C),  son 
of  David:  claims  throne  of  Israel, 
1,  386;  death  of,  387 

Adorno  (15th  century),  Genoese 
commander:  aids  Mustapha,  14,  58 

Adorno,  Antoniotto,  Doge  of  Genoa 
(14th  century):  places  Genoa  under 
the  protection   of   France,  4,  244 

Adowa,  Abyssinia:  battle  of  (1806), 
4,  404,  ao,  300 

Adrian  I  (d.  795  A.  D),  Pope,  772- 
795:  asks  aid  of  Charlemagne,  9, 
411,  18,  79 

Adrian  II,  Pope,  867-872:  honors 
Saints  Cyril  and  Methodius,  17,  32 

Adrian     IV     (Nicholas     Breakspear) 


12 


THE   HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


(1100-1159),  Pope,  1154-1159  (the 
English  Pope):  quarrels  with  Fred- 
erick Barbarossa,  4,  192;  presents 
Ireland  to  Henry  II  of  England,  II, 
107,  12,  48;  in  Scandinavia,  16,  79, 
101;  policy,  18,  148,  150;  death,  151 
Adrian  VI  (1459-1523),  Pope,  1522- 
1523:  acts  as  agent  for  Charles  V 
in  Spain,  8,  339;  made  regent  of 
Castile,  346;  invested  with  pontif- 
ical crown,  8,  350,  9,  138,  11,  243; 
orders  a  court  of  inquisition  in 
Sweden,  16,  155;  pontificate  of,  18, 

245 

Adrian,  Patriarch  of  Moscow  (18th 
century) :  death  of,  15,  73 

Adrian  (76-138  A.  D.),  Roman  Em- 
peror 1 17-138  A.  D.:  condition  of 
Spain  under,  8,  26;  taken  by  the 
Russians   (1878),  15,  336 

Adrianople,    Turkey:   battles    of    (323 

A.  D.),  4,  119;  (378  A.  D.),  2,  529, 
4,  133,  18,  34;  captured  by  Murad 
(1361),  14,  29;  treaties  of  (1713), 
15,  61;  (1829),  2,  545,  14,  431,  15, 
287,  17,  326 

Adriatic,  The  Queen  of  the:  see 
Venice 

Adulterine  Castles,  castles  without  li- 
cense of  King:  destruction  of,  iiy 
96 

JEdni,  a  Celtic  tribe:  at  war  with  the 
Arverni,  18,  10 

Aega  (7th  century),  Merovingian 
statesman:  made  mayor  of  the  pal- 
ace, 9,  33 

.ffigidius,  Roman  commander,  457- 
461;  made  master  of  the  militia  in 
Gaul,  9,   17 

.SSgina,  island  of  Greece:  geography 
of,  2,  16 

.ffiginetans:  at  war  with  Athens,  2, 
154;  second  war  with  Athens,  173; 
at  battle  of  Salamis,  202;  third  war 
with  Athens,  240;  conquered,  245; 
expelled  from  their  island,  281;  re- 
stored by  Lysander,  380 

iEgospotami,   Thrace:   battle   of    (405 

B.  C),  2,  375 

.ffiguse:  battle  of  (241  B.  C),  3,  105 
Aelfric  (nth  century),  Archbishop  of 
York:  mission  of,  16,  32 


iElgifa   (nth   century):   her  influence 

in  Norway,  16,  57 
2Elia      Capitolina,      Roman      colony: 

founded   on   the   site   of  Jerusalem, 

4,  92 

Aella  (d.  867),  King  of  Northumbria: 
his  relations  with  the  Danes,  16, 
20 

Aemilanus,    Saint:    see    Milan,    Saint 

iEmilianus  (d.  253),  Roman  emperor: 
reign  of,  4,  109 

Aemilius,  Lucius  (3rd  century  B.  C.)» 
Roman  consul:  commands  cam- 
paign against  Tarentum,  3,  75 

iEneas  Sylvius:  see  Pius  II  (iEneas 
Sylvius),  Pope 

Aeolian  Colonization:  in  earliest  au- 
thentic history,  2,  31 

Aeolus:  mythical  founder  of  Hellenic 
clan,  2,  24 

Aequi,  tribe  of  Latium:  wars  with 
Rome,  3,  22 

Aerschot,  Duke  of  (ca.  1850) :  mem- 
ber of  Belgian  provisional  govern- 
ment, 13,  297 

Aeschines  (389-314  B.  C.)>  Athenian 
orator:  ambassador  to  Philip,  2, 
467;  impeached,  470;  stirs  up 
Locrian  war,  475 

Aethaling-Aelfred  (nth  century), 
Anglo-Saxon  prince:  murder  of, 
16,  32 

JEthefrith,  King  of  Northumbrians, 
593-617:  his  struggle  with  the 
Kymry,   II,  31 

iEthelbald,  King  of  the  Mercians,  716- 
757;  conquers  Wessex,  11,  39;  reign 
of,  42 

.ZEthelberht,  King  of  England,  860- 
866;  son  of  ^Ethelwulf;  reign,  11, 
27,  42 

jEthelings,  chiefs  of  royal  blood: 
power  of,  11,  39 

iEthelred,  of  Mercia,  9th  century:  ap- 
pointed ealdorman,  11,  44 

^thelred  I,  King  of  Wessex,  866-871 : 
his  struggles  with  the  Danes,  11, 
42 

.ffithelred  (II),  the  Unready,  King  of 
England,  968-1016:  reign  of,  11,  56; 
death  of,  59 

iEthelric,   King  of   Bernicia,   588-593: 


GENERAL    INDEX 


13 


combines  Deira  and  Bcrnicia,  form- 
ing North-humberland,  II,  30 

iEthelstan  (895-940),  King  of  West 
Saxons  and  Mercia,  925-940:  reign 
of,  II,  46;  his  relations  with  Nor- 
way, 16,  52 

jEthelwold,  Bishop  of  Winchester 
(10th  cent.):  his  career,  n,  50 

jEthelwulf  (d.  858).  King  of  England: 
his  struggles  with  the  Northmen, 
11,  42 

Aetius,  Roman  general  (5th  century): 
supports  the  government  of 
Placida,  4,  147;  death,  148;  career 
of,  9,  16;  Britons  appeal  to,  11,  17; 
his  campaign  against  Attila,  18,  41 

Actolia,  Greece:  geography  of,  a,  10; 
Demosthenes'  campaign  in,  300; 
under  Macedonian  supremacy,  513; 
revives  Aetolian   League,  516 

Aetclian  League:  revival  of,  2,  516; 
end  of,  518;  faults  of,  3,  138;  joins 
Rome  in  third  Macedonian  War, 
149 

Aetolians:  in  the  great  migrations,  2, 
48;  migration  to  Asia  Minor,  52 

Afensberg,  Germany:  battle  of  (1809), 
17.  298 

AfFre,  Denis  Auguste  (1793-1848), 
Archbishop  of   Paris:   death   of,   9, 

437 

Afghan  Frontier  Commission:  ap- 
pointed (1884),  3,  265 

Afghan  War,  a  war  between  the 
British  and  the  Afghans  (1878- 
1879):  causes,  5,  256;  peace  signed 
at    Gaudamak    (1879)    257;    results, 

257 

Afranius,  Roman  general  (d.  46  B. 
C):  campaigns  in  Spain,  8,  22;  de- 
feated by  Caesar,  3,  340;  flies  to 
Macedonia,  343;  at  the  Corcyra 
council  of  war,  350;  arrival  in 
Africa,  359;  death,  359 

Africa:  Phoenicians  circumnavigate, 
I,  31;  Phoenicians  settle  along  the 
coast,  121;  Saracens  conquer,  1,  300, 
14,  4;  Greek  colonization  in,  2,  86; 
province  of,  formed,  3,  165;  ceded 
to  Genseric,  4,  147 

Africa,  History  of:  North  Africa  — 
from  the  ancients  to  the  Arabs,  19, 


3;  the  Portuguese  in  Africa,  15;  the 
beginning  of  rivalry,  27;  stagnation 
and  slavery,  35;  the  position  in  1815, 
42;  sixty  years  of  preparation,  47; 
preliminaries  to  partition,  58;  Eng- 
land, France,  and  Portugal  in 
Africa,  71;  Germany  enters  the 
field,  86;  Germany  in  the  Cam- 
eroons  and  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  105; 
the  Berlin  Conference  and  the 
Congo  Free  State,  114;  German 
East  Africa,  127;  the  struggle  for 
the  Niger,  147;  German  progress  in 
West  Africa,  172;  British  East 
Africa,  182;  the  Italian  sphere  and 
the  islands,  207;  British  Central  and 
South  Africa,  214;  Africa  since 
1895,  245;  the  economic  value  of 
Africa,  286 

African  Company  of  Merchants: 
chartered  (1750),  19,  37 

African  Company,  Royal:  see  Royal 
African  Company 

African  Exploration  Fund  of  the 
Royal  Geographical  Society:  estab- 
li>hed  (1877),   19,  62 

African  Lakes  .Company:  formed 
(1878),  19,  235 

African  Lakes  Corporation:  formed 
(1878),  19.  235 

African  Trans-Continental  Company: 
formed  (1893),  19,  229 

Africanus  of  New  Rome,  The:  see 
Belisarius 

Afrikander  Bund,  a  South  African  as- 
sociation: rise  of,  20,  232 

Aftonbladet,  a  Swedish  political  news- 
paper: founded,  16,  259 

Aga  Mohammed,  Shah  of  Persia. 
1794-1797:  destroys  Tiflis  (1793). 
15.  213 

Agacucho,  South  America:  battle  of 
(1824).  8,  519 

Agamemnon,  legendary  king  of 
Mycenae:  in  Homeric  poems,  2,  29, 

33 

Agaperus  II,  Pope,  946-955  A.  D.:  in- 
tervenes in  struggle  between  Louis 
IV  and  his  rebellious  nobles,  9,  56 

Agathocles  (361-289  B.  C),  tyrant  of 
Syracuse,  317-289  B.  C:  reign  of,  J, 
515 


14 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Agatoes,  The,  a  South  American 
tribe:  destroy  themselves,  21,  50 

Agesandridas  (5th  century),  Spartan 
admiral,  a,  361,  363 
gesilaus  (d.  360  B.  C),  King  of 
Sparta,  399-361  B.  C:  accession  of, 
a,  392;  at  Aulis,  393;  his  successes 
in  Asia,  394;  returns  to  Europe,  399; 
at  battle  of  Coronea,  401;  cam- 
paigns of,  near  Corinth,  402;  sup- 
ports Phoebidas,  422;  invades  Boeo- 
tia,  429;  defends  Sparta,  441;  his 
last  campaigns  against  Epaminon- 
das,  448;  expedition  to  Egypt  and 
death,  452 

Agesipolis,  King  of  Sparta,  395-379 
B.  C:  accession  of,  2,  398;  death 
of,  423 

Agha  Mohammed,  Shah  of  Persia: 
1794-1797:  revolt  of,  5,  355;  reign 
of,  356 

Aghrim,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1692),  9, 
218 

Agila  (d.  554  A.  D.),  King  of  the 
Goths:  reign  of,  8,  40 

Agilulph,  Duke  of  Turin  and  King  of 
Lombardy,  590-615  A.  D. :  reign  of, 
4,  166 

Agincourt,  France:  battle  of  (1415), 
9,  in,  11,  198 

Aginnum  (Agen),  France:  battle  of 
(107  B.  C),  13,  329 

Agis  II,  King  of  Sparta,  426-399  B. 
C:  invades  Argolis,  2,  324;  wins 
battle  of  Mantinea,  326;  besieges 
Athens,  377;  death  of,  391 

Agis  III,  King  of  Sparta,  338-330  B. 
C:  defeated  by  Philip,  2,  479;  in 
arms  against  Alexander,  491;  slain 
in  battle,  507 

Agis  IV,  King  of  Sparta,  244-240  B. 
C:  reign  of,  2,  517 

Agnadel  (Agnadello),  Italy:  battle  of 
(1508),  4,  292,  9,  134 

Agnes  (d.  1077),  wife  of  Henry  III: 
regent  for  her  son,  18,  131 

Agnes  of  Brandenburg,.  Queen  of 
Denmark,  13th  century:  regency  of, 
16,  no 

Agolas:  explores  the  Parana,  21,  25 

Agora,  The,  section  of  Athens, 
Greece:  in  Homeric  times,  2,  64 


Agosta,  sea-port  of  Sicily:  battle  of 
(1675),  9,  212 

Agra,  British  India:  captured  by  Lake 
(1802),  5,  201 

Agram,  Austria-Hungary:  popular 
uprising  in    (1848),   17,  361 

Agramont,  Nicolas,  English  pirate  of 
the  17th  century:  captures  Vera 
Cruz,  22,  178 

Agreda,  Colonel  (19th  century):  leads 
revolution  in  Bolivia,  21,  187 

Agricola  (37-93  A.  D.),  Roman  sol- 
dier and  statesman:  his  campaigns 
in  Britain,  4,  83;  becomes  governor 
of  Britain,  II,  10;  leads  invasion  of 
Romans  into  Scotland,  12,  249 

Agriculture: 
AFRICA,  CENTRAL:  products  of 
Nigeria,  19,  156;  general  conditions, 
304;  in  Congo  under  the  Arabs,  310 
AFRICA,  EAST:  German  planta- 
tions, 19,  139;  coffee  plantations, 
144 

AFRICA,  SOUTH:  culture  of 
coffee,  19,  236,  242;  general  treat- 
ment of,  242,  308;  products  of  Cape 
Colony,  20,  62;  cultivation  of  sugar 
in  Natal,  225 

AFRICA,  NORTH:  under  the  Car- 
thaginian settlements,  19,  5;  the 
cotton  crop  in  Egypt,  269;  general 
treatment  of,  308 

AFRICA,  WEST:  products  of,  19, 
179 

AUSTRALIA:     in     Sydney     under 
convicts,  20,  182 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:   vines,    17, 

59 

BABYLONIA     AND     ASSYRIA: 

status  of,  1,  113 

CHINA:    crops   are   raised   on   the 

oases  of  the  desert  of  Gobi,  6,  218; 

description     of     the     "  Garden     of 

China,"  242 

CYPRESS,  ISLAND  OF:  products 

of,  20,  254 

EAST  INDIES:  cultivation  of  the 

clove  in  the  Island  of  Ambryna,  20, 

57;  cultivation  of  the  nutmeg  in  the 

Banda    Islands,    57;    cultivation    of 

sugar    in     Ceylon,     Mauritius,    and 

Java,  237;  culture  of  coffee  in  Java, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


15 


288;  the  culture  system,  289;  the 
culture  system  in'  Java,  293;  aboli- 
tion of  the  culture  system  in  Java, 

*94 

ENGLAND:  decline  of  villein  serv- 
ice, II,  116;  increase  in  the  growing 
of  corn,  298;  improvements  in  farm- 
ing methods,  532;  agricultural  dis- 
tress, 569 

FRANCE:  influence  of  Greeks,  9, 
4;  under  old  regime,  10,  9;  modern 
conditions,  9,  489 

GERMANY:  among  the  early 
tribes,  18,  7;  introduction  of  the 
vine,  29;  after  Thirty  Years'  War, 
295;  under  Frederick  the  Great,  33J 
GREECE:  in  Thessaly,  a,  9;  in  the 
Boeotian  plain,  12;  in  the  Pelopon- 
nesus,    17;     modern    conditions,    2, 

547,  551 

ICELAND:  hay  raised  by  the  early 
settlers,  16,  299 

INDIA:  general  description  of,  5, 
12;  in  Lower  Bengal,  16;  modern 
conditions,  386 

IRELAND:  at  the  beginning  of  the 
17th  century,  12,  100;  failure  of  the 
potato  crop,  11,  605,  607,  12,  226, 
*o,  345 

ISRAELITES:  learn  the  arts  of 
husbandry,  1,  397 

JAPAN:  general  conditions,  7,  xiv; 
encouraged  by  the  Emperor  Yosh- 
imune,  144;  present  conditions,  242 
MALTA,  ISLAND  OF:  products 
of,  20,  254 

MEXICO:  under  Cortez,  22,  72, 
failure  of  crops  (1749),  197;  neglect 
of,  413;  in  Yucatan,  419,  425;  the 
cultivation  of  tobacco,  420 
NEW  ZEALAND:  cultivation  of 
flax,  20,  211 

NORTH  AMERICA:  by  the  In- 
dians, 23,  11;  English  colonies,  20, 
85;  products  of  Virginia,  20,  24,  23, 
61;  colony  of  Georgia,  23,  82;  New 
England  colonies,  101,  133;  Middle 
colonies,  136;  southern  colonies, 
*3,  136 

PERSIA:  conditions  under  Khusru, 
5.  320 
PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS:    culture 


system,   20,   313;   products  of,  320; 
encouragement  of,  380 
ROME:  condition  during  revolution 
period,  3,  246 

RUSSIA:  Greek  colonists  make  the 
lower  valleys  of  the  Dnieper  and 
the  Bug  the  great  wheat  field  of 
the  world,  2,  81 

SCANDINAVIA:  account  by  Phy- 
theas,  16,  5 

SCOTLAND:  work  of  the  High- 
land Society,  12,  374 
SOUTH  AMERICA:  conditions 
under  Spanish  rule,  21,  46;  in  Ar- 
gentina, 258;  in  Bolivia,  186,  243;  in 
Brazil,  20,  69,  21,  165,  179,  180,  249; 
in  Chili,  21,  43,  230;  in  Colombia, 
301;  in  Ecuador,  107,  117;  in  the 
Guianas  under  the  Dutch,  20,  88; 
in  Paraguay,  21,  49,  151;  in  Peru, 
213.  243;  >n  Uruguay,  140;  present 
conditions,  269 

SPAIN:  under  the  Romans,  8,  5,  30 
SWEDEN:  in  Johan  Ill's  reign,  16, 
166 

SWITZERLAND:  in  the  18th  cen- 
tury, 13,  493;  at  the  beginning  of 
the  19th  century,  522 
UNITED  STATES  (see  also 
NORTH  AMERICA),  condition  of, 
after  the  War  of  1812,  23,  438;  cot- 
ton-growing in  the  South,  450,  726; 
comparison  between  the  North  and 
the  South,  561 

WEST  INDIES:  under  the  Span- 
iards, 20,  66;  products  of.  242;  in 
Barbados  under  the  English,  67;  in 
Cuba,  22,  487;  products  of  Jamaica, 
20,  71;  decrease  of  sugar  crop  in 
Jamaica,  241;  products  of  Porto 
Rico,  325;  in  Santo  Domingo  under 
the  French,  72;  products  of  Trin- 
idad, 247;  decline  and  rise  of  the 
sugar  crop  in  the  French  West 
Indies,   270 

Agrigentum,  Sicily:  founded,  2,  84,  3, 
28;  tyrants  of,  2,  216;  resists  Giles 
of  Syracuse,  217;  taken  by  Hiero, 
219;  by  Carthagenians,  410;  surren- 
dered to  Rome,  3,  125;  seized  by  the 
slaves,  173 

Agrippa    I,    Herod,    King    of    Judea, 


16 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


(u  B.  C.-44  A.  D.):  made  king 
of  the  Jews,  1,  410;  reign  of,  4,  59 

Agrippa  II,  King  of  Judaea,  27-93  A. 
D.:  attempts  to  restore  order  in  Je- 
rusalem, 1,  410 

Agrippa,  Marcus  Vipsanius  (63-12  B. 
C),  Roman  commander,  leading 
statesman  of  reign  of  Augustus: 
puts  down  the  insurrection  of  Ful- 
via,  4,  19;  defeats  Sextus  Pompeius, 
21;  loyal  to  Augustus,  38;  marries 
daughter  of  Augustus,  40;  death,  42 

Agrippa  Postumus  (12  B.  C.-14  A. 
D.):  disgraced  and  secluded,  4,  44; 
death,  47 

Agrippina,  wife  of  Claudius  Germani- 
cus  (13  B.  C.-33  A.  D.):  grand- 
daughter of  Augustus,  4,  40;  con- 
spiracies against,  50;  banished,  51; 
death,  53 

Agrippina  Julia,  wife  of  Claudius  I, 
(15-60  A.  D.) :  marries  Claudius,  4, 
60;  intrigues  of,  60;  murders  Claud- 
ius, 61;  plots  against  Nero,  62; 
death,  64 

Agron,  King  of  the  Illyrians,  2nd  cen- 
tury B.  C:  pays  tribute  to  Rome, 
17,   11 

Agua  Santa,  Peru,  South  America: 
battle  of  (1842),  21,  197 

Aguado,  Juan,  a  Spaniard  who  ac- 
companied Columbus  on  his  second 
voyage:  appointed  to  investigate 
Columbus's  colony  in  Hayti,  21,  11 

Aguayo,  Marques  San  Miguel  de, 
Spaniard  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury: appointed  governor  of  Florida 
and  Texas,  22,  189 

Agueda,  Casto:  leads  insurrection, 
21,  190 

Aguero  y  Velasco,  Francisco:  death 
of,   (1826),  22,  451 

Aguesseau,  Henri  Francois  d'  (1668- 
1751),  a  French  jurist:  opposes 
Law's  schemes,  9,  230;  given  the 
direction  of  Law's  bank,  233 

Aguila,  Don  Juan  del,  Spanish  com- 
mander (ca.  1600) :  brings  aid  to 
the  Irish,   12,   101 

Aguilar,  Marcos  de,  Spanish  sailor 
(ca.  1500) :  joins  Cortez,  22,  13 

Aguinaldo,    Emilio    (1868 ),    Phil- 


ippine insurgent  leader:  leads  up- 
rising (1896)  20,  314;  leads  Fili- 
pinos (1898),  20,  315,  24,  1037;  cap- 
tured, 20,  317,  24,  1043 

Aguirre,  Anastasio,  President  of  Uru- 
guay, 1865:  administration  of,  21, 
142 

Aguirre,  Lopez  de,  (1508-1561)  a 
Spanish  adventurer:  explorations 
of,  21,  29 

Augustin  I,  Emperor  of  Mexico:  see 
Iturbide 

Ahab,  King  of  Israel,  918-896  B.  C: 
concludes  peace  with  Judah,  1,  390 

Ahala,  Roman  dictator  (4th  century) : 
defeats  Celtic  horde,  3,  64 

Ahaz,  King  of  Judah,  735-715  B.  C: 
seeks  aid  of  Assyria,  1,  393;  reign 
of,  396 

Ahaziah,  King  of  Judah,  844-843  B. 
C:  death  of,  1,  392 

Ahenobarbus,  Cnaeus  Domitius  (1st 
century  B.  C),  Roman  statesman 
and  commander:  nominee  of  An- 
tonius,  4,  24 

Ahenobarbus,  Cnaeus  Domitius  (1st 
century  A.  D.),  a  member  of  a 
plebeian  family  of  Rome  to  which 
the  Emperor  Nero  belonged:  mar- 
riage of,  4,  50 

Ahluta,  Empress  of  China,  1872-1875: 
marriage  of,  6,  230;  death  of,  237; 
funeral  of,  241 

Ahmad  Khan,  Persian  ruler,  1282- 
1284:  reign  of,  5,  335 

Ahmad  Khan,  Afghan  chieftain  (ca. 
1750) :  separates  Afghanistan  from 
Persia,  5,  354 

Ahmad  Shah  Durani  (1 724-1 773), 
Afghan  leader,  King  of  Afghan- 
istan, 1747-1773:  invades  India,  5, 
127;  sketch  of,  216 

Ahmadnagar,  Bombey,  British  India: 
labor  troubles  of,  5,  78;  captured  by 
Wellesley  (1803),  201 

Ahmadu,  native  African  chief  (ca. 
1850):  sketch  of,  19,  148;  concludes 
treaty  with  the   French,   149 

Ahmed  I  (1589-1617),  Sultan  of  Tur- 
key, 1603-1617:  reign  of,  14,  209; 
death  of,  212 

Ahmed     II     (1642-1695),     Sultan     of 


GENERAL    INDEX 


17 


Turkey,  1691-1695:  reign  of,  14,  260; 
death  of,  261 

Ahmed  III  (1673-1736),  Sultan  of 
Turkey,  1703-1730:  reign  of,  14,  273; 
declares  war  with  Russia,  15,  58; 
Poniatowski  influences,  16,  221; 
driven  from  his  throne,  14,  293,  13, 
116 

Ahmed  (ca.  1500),  son  of  Bayzid  II: 
intrigues  for  the  succession,  14,  115; 
resists  sovereignty  of  the  Sultan, 
120 

Ahmed  Arabi,  military  adventurer  in 
Egypt  (ca.  1880):  rebellion  of,  19, 
267 

Ahmed  Feozy,  Turkish  Pasha  (ca. 
1840) :  treachery  of,  14,  436 

Ahmed-ibu-Tulun,  Egyptian  viceroy 
(ca.  870  A.  D.):  makes  himself  sul- 
tan of  Egypt,  I,  35 

Ahmed  Kediik,  Turkish  captain  (ca. 
1475):  subjugates  the  Crimea,  14, 
84;  his  campaign  in  Italy,  86,   113 

Ahmed  Kiuprili:  see  Kiuprili  Ahmed 

Ahmed  Pasha  (ca.  1525),  governor 
of  Egypt:  revolt  of,  14,  150 

Ai,  Judean  city:  conquered  by  He- 
brews 1,  377 

Ai,  King  of  Egypt  (ca.  1380  B.  C): 
reign  of,  I,  25 

Aidan,  Saint  (d.  651  A.  D.),  English 
bishop:  his  efforts  to  convert  the 
men  of  Northumberland,  II,  35, 
12,  36;  labors  among  the  Britains, 
",  253 

Aidian,  (ca.  1400),  Seljukian  prince: 
reinstated  by  Timur,   14,  52 

Aiguillon,  Armand  Vignerot  Duples- 
sis  Richelieu,  Duke  of,  (1720-1782), 
French  politician,  minister  of  for- 
eign affairs  under  Louis  XV,  1771— 
1774:  his  government  of  Brittany,  9, 
248;  reforms  of,  249 

Aigun,  Manchuria,  Chinese  Empire: 
occupied  by   Russia,  7,  285 

Ailly,  Pierre  d\  (1350-1420),  French 
cardinal  and  theologian:  believes 
Indian  ocean  to  be  an  inland  sea, 
33.  23 

Airds  Moss,  Ayrshire,  Scotland: 
battle   of    (1669),    12,   348 

Aisne,  river  in  Northern  France:  bat- 
tle of  the  (57  B.  C),  9.  8 


Aistulf,  King  of  the  Longobards, 
749-756  A.  D.:  at  war  with  the 
Pope,  18,  76 

Ait,  coast  of  the  Red  Sea:  purchased 
by  a  Frenchman,   19,  56 

Aitchison,  Sir  Charles  Umphcrston 
(1832-1896),  English  soldier  in 
Indian  campaigns:  sketch  of,  5, 
263;  head  of  civil  service  inquiry 
commission,  267 

Aix:  see  Aquai  Scxtiae 

Aix-la-Chapelle,  Prussia:  made  cap- 
ital of  Frankish  empire,  9,  44; 
Charlemagne  removes  court  to,  18, 
86;  taken  by  Lothar  of  France,  116; 
taken  by  the  French,  356 

Aix-la-Chapelle,  Congress  of,  (1818) 
a  congress  of  the  sovereigns  of 
Russia,  Austria,  and  Prussia,  min- 
isters from  Great  Britain,  France, 
Austria,  Russia,  and  Prussia,  dic- 
tated suppression  of  liberal  ideas 
in  politics  and  religion:  Russia's 
part   in,   15,  266 

Aix-la-Chapelle,  Treaties  of:  concluded 
(1668)  between  the  League  (of  Hol- 
land, Sweden  and  England)  and 
France,  8,  381,  9,  209,  II,  393,  13, 
478,  18,  300;  concluded  (1748)  as  a 
general  peace  between  the  powers 
of  Europe — England,  France,  Aus- 
tria, Prussia,  Russia,  etc.,  and  end- 
ing the  war  of  the  Austrian  succes- 
sion, 4,  336,  5,  179,  8,  412.  9,  240. 
11,  488,  13,  256,  15,  141,  17.  242,  18, 
332,  20,  85,  107,  23,  166,  167 

Aiznadin,  Arabia:  battle  of  (7th  cen- 
tury A.   D.),  1,  270 

Ajit  Singh,  Prince  of  Rajputana 
(1715):  asserts  his  independence  of 
Mogul  empire,  5,   126 

Akamatsu  Mitsusuke,  ruler  in  Japan, 
ca.  1440:  rebellion  of,  7,  95 

Akbah:  see  Okbah 

Akbar  the  Great  (1 542-1605).  Mogul 
Emperor  in  India,  1556-1605:  birth 
of,  5,  no;  reign  of,  no;  contem- 
porary of  Suleiman,  14,   145 

Akbar,  son  of  Aurangzeb  (ca.  1680): 
rebellion  of,  5,    122 

Ake,  Yucatan,  Mexico:  battle  of 
(1527),  22,  424 

Akechi     Mitsuhide     (ca.      1580):     re- 


18 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


warded  with  lands  of  Buddhist 
priests,  7,  ill;  kills  Oda  Nobunaza, 
112 

Akerman,  Treaty  of  (1826),  con- 
cluded between  Russia  and  Tur- 
key: account  of,  14,  422;  as  cause 
for  Russo-Turkish  war  (1828-1829), 
426;  confirmed  by  Treaty  of  Ad- 
rianople  (1830),  14,  432,  15,  274 

Akhalzikh,  Caucasus,  Russia:  siege  of 
(1828),  15,  281 

Akhoris  (Hakar),  King  of  Egypt,  4th 
century  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  33 

Akiamos,  King  of  Lydia  (prehis- 
toric) :  reign  of,   1,  144 

Akira,  Prince  (19th  century):  made 
gijo,  7,  167 

Akita,  fortress  in  Japan:  built,  7,   27 

Akkadia,  one  of  four  cities  of  Nim- 
rod's  empire:  philological  connec- 
tion with  China,  6,  4 

Akulcho,  a  Turkish  fortress:  taken 
by  Grabe,  15,  298 

Akwei,  Chinese  general  (18th  cen- 
tury) :  ordered  to  avenge  defeat  in- 
flicted by  Burmese,  6,  93;  his  cam- 
paign against  the  Miaotzu,  95 

Ala,  Samuel,  King  of  Hungary,  1038: 
reign  of,  17,  50 

Ala-ad-din  Mohammed  (13th  cen- 
tury), Persian  ruler:  provokes 
quarrel  with  the  Mongols,  5,  334 

Alabama  (means  "here  we  rest"), 
one  of  Southern  States:  admitted, 
23,  442,  452;  Georgia  cedes  to  the 
United  States  her  claims  to  lands 
in,  469;  unrepresented  in  Second 
Democratic  national  convention, 
509;  separated  from  Georgia,  24, 
567;  delegates  withdraw  from  Dem- 
ocratic convention,  679;  secedes, 
689;  Confederates  seize  Fort  Mor- 
gan, 691;  surrender  of  Confederate 
forces  in,  814;  end  of  carpet  bag 
rule,  873;  negro  franchise,  873;  yel- 
low  fever   epidemic,   923 

Alabama  Affair,  The  (1861),  11,  622; 
(1872),  13,  563 

Alabama  Claims:  controversy,  24 
881;  settlement  of,  883 

Alabama  Indians:  location,  23,  8 

Alaeddin,  son  of  Othman  I  (14th  cen- 


tury) :    becomes    vizier    of    Orkhan, 
14,    19 

Alaeddin,  Sultan  of  Iconium  (ca. 
1300) :    aided   by   Erto-ghrul,    14,    9 

Alais,  Peace  of  (1629),  a  treaty  be- 
tween Louis  XIV  and  the  Protes- 
tants of  France,  9,  187 

Alalia,  Corsica:  Phocaeans  colonize 
(541  B.  C),  2,  125 

Alamance,  North  Carolina:  battle  of 
(1771),  23,  217 

Alamo,  The,  Spanish  mission,  Mex- 
ico: siege  of   (1836),  24,  533 

Aland  Islands,  Finland:  conquest  of 
the  (1714),  15,  64 

Alarcon,  Spanish  fortress:  battle  of 
(ii95),   8,   99,    147,   204,   237 

Alarcon,  Francisco  (ca.  1540),  a  Span- 
ish explorer:  explorations  of,  22, 
112;   founds   Bejar,   189 

Alaric  I,  King  of  the  Visigoths:  born 
about  350  A.  D.;  invaded  Thrace, 
Macedonia,  and-  other  provinces, 
395  A.  D.;  took  Athens  and  entered 
the  Peloponnesus,  396  A.  D.;  from 
which  he  was  driven  by  Stilicho  in 
397  A.  D.;  invaded  northern  Italy, 
402  A.  D.;  but  was  defeated  at 
Polentia  and  Verona;  invaded  Italy 
a  second  time,  408  A.  D.;  and  in- 
vested Rome  but  was  induced  to 
retire;  returned  in  410  A.  D.,  cap- 
tured and  pillaged  Rome;  died  at 
Cosenza,  410  A.  D. 

Invades  Greece,  2,  530;  intrusted 
with  the  protection  of  the  person  of 
Gratian,  4,  134;  invades  Greece,  137; 
invades  Italy,  138;  besieges  Rome, 
140;  career  of,  18,  35 

Alaric  II  (d.  507  A.  D.),  King  of  the 
Visigoths,  484-507  A.  D.:  defeat  and 
death  of,  9,  20,  18,  47 

Alaric  (son  of  Euric),  King  of  the 
Goths,  483-506  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8, 
38 

Alasco,  John  (1499-1560),  a  Polish 
theologian:  teachings   of,   11,  268 

Alaska,  North  America:  history  of, 
305;  ceded  by  Russia,  24,  878;  seal 
fisheries  of,  979 

Alaskan  Boundary  Dispute,  20,  307, 
24,  1054 


GENERAL    INDEX 


19 


Alatorre  (19th  century),  a  Mexican 
general:  at  the  battle  of  Tecoac,  aa, 
406 

Ala-ud-din,  King  of  Delhi,  ca.  1300: 
career  of,  5,  99 

Alba,  Italy:  center  of  the  Latin 
League,  3,  9;  conquered  and  de- 
stroyed,  20;   battle   of,   59 

Albagui,  Austrian  general  (16th  cen- 
tury): attempts  to  reconcile  the 
Moriscos   with    Philip    II    of   Spain, 

8.  371 

Alban  (d.  303  A.  D.),  an  English  mar- 
tyr: death,  II,  14 

Albanian  League,    (ca.    1880),   14,  492 

Albany,  New  York:  founded,  ao,  64; 
settled  by  Dutch,  33,  102;  named, 
104;  Lincoln  makes  speech  at,  24, 
706;  meeting  of  the  Democracy, 
816;  popular  respect  to  Lincoln's 
remains,  827;  Roosevelt  resists  po- 
litical corruption  in,  1068 

Albany,  Western  Australia:  founded, 
ao,  187 

Albany,  John  Stuart,  Duke  of  (1481- 
1536):  regent  of  Scotland,   ia,  301 

Albany,  Robert,  Duke  of  (1 340-1 420) 
regent  of  Scotland,  1389;  rules  Scot 
land,    ia,   287;   death   of,   291 

Albany  Regency,  a  clique  of  New 
York  politicians  (1820-1854):  in 
politics,  23,  511 

Albazin,  China:  destruction  of  fort 
at,   6,   67 

Albemarle,  North  Carolina:  founded, 
(1653),  33,  73 

Albemarle,  Duke  of  (Earl  of  Claren- 
don) (17th  century):  made  Caro- 
lina proprietor,  33,  73 

Albermarle,  George  Keppel,  Earl  of 
(1709-1891),  an  English  general  and 
writer:  his  expedition  against  Ha- 
vana, ao,  118 

Alberoni,  Guilio  (1664-1752),  an  Italian 
statesman  and  cardinal:  sketch  of, 
4.  338;  negotiates  marriage  of 
Philip  V  of  Spain,  8,  404;  intrigues 
of,  8,  405,  15,  66;  Goetz  makes  an 
alliance  with,  16,  223 

Albert  I  (1250-1308),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor.  1 298-1308:  reign,  17,  101; 
death  of,  13,  364 

Albert    II    (I397-M39).    Holy    Roman 


Emperor,  (I  King  of  Hungary.  V 
Duke  of  Austria):  his  reign  as  duke 
of  Austria,  17,  105;  conspiracy  of, 
18,  198;  his  reign  as  king  of  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  142;  his  reign  as  king  of 
Hungary,  157 

Albert  I  (1 250-1 308),  King  of  Ger- 
many, 1298-1308:  receives  Styria, 
18,    181;   accession   of,    183 

Albert  II  (1298-1358),  King  of  Ger- 
many: his  campaigns  against  the 
Hussites,  18,  208,  210;  reign  of,  17, 
101.  18,  212 

Albert  I,  King  of  Hungary:  see 
Albert    II,    Holy    Roman    Emperor 

Albert  of  Mecklenburg  (d.  1412), 
King  of  Sweden,  1363-1395:  chosen 
king,  16,  108;  joins  alliance  against 
Denmark,  116;  claims  the  Danish 
throne,  119;  defeated  by  Margaret, 
121 

Albert  (III)  with  the  Plaited  Hair 
(1365-1395),  Duke  of  Austria:  reign 
of,   17,   105 

Albert  IV  (1377- 1404),  Duke  of  Aus- 
tria, 1395-1404:  reign  of,  17,  105 

Albert  V,  Duke  of  Austria:  see  Al- 
bert II,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

Albert  VI  (15th  century),  Duke  of 
Austria:  his  quarrels  with  Frederick 
III  of  Germany,  18,  215 

Albert  (1559-1621),  Archduke  of  Aus- 
tria: made  regent  of  Portugal,  8, 
453;  appointed  governor-general  of 
the  Netherlands,  13,  162;  Philip  II 
of  Spain  cedes  the  Low  Countries 
to,  8,  363,  13,  164;  marries  Isabella 
of  Spain,   13,   165 

Albert  (18th  century),  Archduke  of 
Austria:  his  campaign  in  the 
Franco-Austrian  War,  9.  279 

Albert  (1817-1895),  Archduke  of  Aus- 
tria:  at   battle   of   Custozza   (1866), 

17.  392 

Albert  the  Younger  (late  14th  cen- 
tury), Duke  of  Mecklenburg:  his 
claim  on  the  Danish  throne,  16, 
118,  119 

Albert  of  Orlamunde  (early  13th  cen- 
tury), Duke  of  North  Albingia: 
sketch  of,  16,  85;  his  efforts  to  res- 
cue  Valdemar  Sejr,  88 

Albert     VI      (1424-1463),      Duke     of 


20 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Styria:    disputes   the   possession   of 
Austrian  domains,  17,  108 
Albert    (1738-1822),    Prince    of    Saxe- 
Teschen:    recalled    from    Belgium, 

13,  260 

Albert,  Count  of  Austria,  1018-1056: 
assisted  by  Conrad  II  in  his  war 
with   Stephen   of   Hungary,    18,    126 

Albert  the  Bear  (ca.  1106-1170), 
Count  of  Brandenburg:  career  of, 
18,  143,  149,  152 

Albert,  surnamed  Alcibiades  (1522- 
1555),  Margrave  of  Brandenburg: 
defeat  of,  18,  258 

Albert  (1490-1568),  Margrave  of 
Brandenburg- Ansbach:  sketch  of, 
15,  378 

Albert  the  Degenerate  (d.  1314), 
Landgrave  of  Thuringia  and  Count 
of  Meissen:  sells  Thuringia  and 
Meissen,  18,   183 

Albert  (1490-1545),  Archbishop  of 
Mayence:  controls  the  sale  of  in- 
dulgences in  Germany,  18,  236 

Albert  of  Saxe  Meissen  (late  15th 
century),  an  Austrian  general:  his 
campaign  in  the  Netherlands,  13, 
50;  appointed  stadtholder  of  Fries- 
land,  51 

Albert  of  Saxony  (18th  century): 
marries  Maria  Christina  of  Aus- 
tria, 17,  245 

Albert  Achilles  (14 14-1486),  Elector 
of  Brandenburg:  wars  of,  18,  214 

Albert  Francis  Augustus  Charles 
Emmanuel,  better  known  as  Prince 
Albert,  Prince  Consort  of  England: 
born  at  Rosenau,  near  Colburg, 
August  26,  1819;  married  Victoria, 
Queen  of  England,  February  10, 
1840,  and  soon  after  became  field 
marshal  in  the  British  army;  re- 
ceived the  title  of  Prince  Consort 
in  1857;  died  in  London,  December 

14,  1861 

Marries  Queen  Victoria,  11,  598; 

death  of,  622 
Albert    Nyanza,     a    lake    in     Central 

Africa:   discovered   (1864),   19,  54 
Albert  Victor    (1864-1892),    Prince   of 

Wales:  visits   India,   5,  273 
Alberta,  Province  of,  Canada:  created 


and  admitted  to  the  Canadian  union 
(1882),  20,  170 

Albertus  Magnus,  (1205-1280),  Bishop 
of   Ratisbon:   account   of,    18,    178 

Albigenses,  War  of  the,  a  war  be- 
tween Church  of  Rome  and  anti- 
sacerdotal  sects  in  France  (12th  and 
13th  centuries):  cause,  9,  77;  battle 
of  Muret  (1213),  78;  treaty  of  Paris 
(1229),  79;  results,  79 

Albinus,  procurator  of  Judaea,  62-64 
A.  D.:   government  of,  1,  410 

Albinus,  Clodius  (d.  197  A.  D.),  Ro- 
man general:  proclaimed  emperor 
by  his  troops  (193  A.  D.),  4,  100; 
death,  101 

Albinus,  Spurius  (4th  century  B.  C.)> 
a  Roman  consul:  campaign  against 
Jugurtha,  3,    189 

Albizi,  Rinaldo  degl'  (15th  century), 
leader  of  the  government  of  Flor- 
ence, 4,  268 

Al  Bochari  (6th  century  A.  D.) :  con- 
secrates the  Sunna,  1,  212 

Alboin  (d.  573),  King  of  Lombards, 
530-573:  conquers  northern  Italy, 
4,  163;  defeats  the  Gepidae,  17,  17; 
establishes  his   kingdom,  18,  51 

Albret,  Alain  d'  (15th  century),  Lord 
of  Beam:  joins  nobles  against  Anne 
of  Beaujeu,  9,   129 

Albret,  Constable  d'  (ca.  1415) :  at  bat- 
tle of  Agincourt,  9,   in 

Albuquerque,  Brazil:  taken  by  the 
Paraguayans   (1864),  21,   157 

Albuquerque,  Don  (14th  century),  a 
Spanish  minister:   career  of,  8,   162 

Albuquerque,  Alfonso  de  (1452-1515), 
a  Portugese  navigator:  his  voyage 
to  India,  5,  148,  8,  327;  made  vice- 
roy of  India,  5,  149,  8,  329;  his  ad- 
ministration in  India,  20,  41;  esti- 
mate of,  46;  founds  the  Portu- 
guese   empire   in    the    East,    23,    25 

Albuquerque,  Francisco  de  (ca.  1500), 
a  Portuguese  navigator:  voyage  to 
India,  8,  327 

Albuquerque,  Francisco  Fernandez  de 
la  Cueva,  Duke  of  (17th  century): 
made  viceroy  of  New  Spain,  16, 
170;  his  administration  as  viceroy 
of  New  Spain,   186 


GENERAL    INDEX 


31 


Alcazar  Seguer  (Alcazar-Scgucr), 
Spain:  siege  of  (1457).  *»  3»5;  bat- 
tle of  (1578).  445 

Alcacar  do  Sal,  Portugal:  sieges  of 
(i  158),  8,  275;  (1217),  278 

Alcaeus,  (7th  century  B.  C):  Lisbian 
poet,  a,  115 

Alcala  de  Henares,  University  of: 
founded,  8,  342 

Alcassim  ben  Hamad  (nth  century), 
a  Mohammedan  ruler:  at  war  with 
Solyman,  8,  80;  seizes  throne  of 
Cordova,  81 

Alcibiades,  an  Athenian  politician  and 
general:  born  at  Athens  about  450 
B.  C;  educated  in  the  house  of 
Pericles;  was  a  pupil  and  companion 
of  Socrates;  began  his  political  ca- 
reer in  421  B.  C. ;  commanded  expe- 
dition against  Syracuse,  415  B.  C; 
was  accused  of  sacrilege  and  con- 
demned to  death  but  escaped  to 
Sparta,  415  B.  C,  where  he  aided 
in  operations  against  Athens;  be- 
came an  object  of  suspicion  in 
Sparta  and  fled  from  there  to  the 
Persian  camp,  412  B.  C;  com- 
manded the  Athenian  fleet  at  the 
battles  of  Abydos  (411  B.  C.)  and 
of  Cyzicus  (410  B.  C);  returned  in 
triumph  to  Athens,  407  B.  C. ;  was 
again  exiled  406  B.  C;  sought  ref- 
uge in  Phrygia  where  he  was  assas- 
sinated  404    B.    C. 

Character  of,  2,  322;  tricks  thw 
Spartan  ambassadors,  323;  advo- 
cates the  Sicilian  expedition,  329;  ac- 
cused of  sacrilege,  331;  flies  to 
Sparta,  335;  goes  to  Asia,  352;  joins 
Tissaphernes,  354;  conspires  with 
Athenian  oligarchs,  355;  recalled 
from  exile,  359;  his  naval  victories, 
364-366;  enters  Athens  in  triumph, 
367;    banished,    370;    murdered,    384 

Alcock,  Sir  Rutherford,  (1800-1897), 
English  diplomatist:  consul  to 
China,  6.   145 

Alcohol:  trade  in,  made  a  state  mo- 
nopoly in  Switzerland,  13,  578;  agi- 
tation against  the  sale  of,  in  Africa, 
19,  254;  tax  on,  abolished  in  the 
United  States,  24,  1083 


Alcolea  Bridge,  Cordova,  Spain:  bat- 
tle of  (1868),  8,  508 

Alcoraz,  Spain:  battle  of  (1006),  8, 
232 

Alcorto,  Josl  Figueros:  succeeds  to 
the  presidency  of  Argentina  (1906), 
ai,  257 

Alcuin  (735-804  A.  D.),  English  pre- 
late and  scholar:  at  the  court  of 
Charlemagne,  18,  86 

Aldfrid,  King  of  Northumbria,  685- 
705:   educated   in    Ireland,    12,   34 

Aledran,  Spanish  captain  (ca.  840  A. 
D.),  count  of  Barcelona:  reign  of, 
8,  222 

Alegre,  Manuel  M.,  contemporary 
Mexican  writer:   sketch  of,  22,  420 

Alemanni,  a  German  race  of  Suevic 
origin  dating  from  3rd  century  A. 
D.:  origin  and  location  of,  18, 
27;  plunder  Roman  territory,  and 
are  repulsed,  17,  15,  18,  29;  de- 
feated by  the  Franks  (496  A.  D.), 
18,  47 

Alembert,  Jean  Baptiste  le  Rond  d'. 
(1717-1783),  noted  French  mathe- 
matician, philosopher  and  author: 
invited  to  Russia,  15,  197 

Alencon,  Francois,  Duke  of  (1554- 
1584)  brother  of  Henry  III  of 
France:  joins  Protestants,  9,  159, 
13.  131:  his  campaign  against  the 
Protestants  (1577),  160;  plans  mar- 
riage with  Elizabeth  of  England, 
11,   287,   292;   death   of,  9,    161,    11, 

293 

Aleppo,  Asiatic  Turkey:  surrenders  to 
the  Saracens  (638  A.  D.),  I>  284, 
369;  battle  of  (1516).  14,  129 

Alesia,  central  Gaul  ( France):  siege 
of  (52  B.  C).  3.  306,  9.  11 

Alessandria,  northern  Italy:  building 
and  growth  of,  4,  195,  18,  152;  rev- 
olution of  the  Carbonari.  4,  355 

Alessandro  de'  Medici,  Duke  of  Tus- 
cany, P-I537:  made  Duke,  4,  306 

Aletes,  (7th  century  B.  C):  King  of 
Corinth,  2,  92 

Aleutian  Islands,  north  Pacific  Ocean: 
Russian  rights  in,  24,  980;  inhab- 
itants of,  23,   17 

Alexander    II,    Pope    1061-1073:    op- 


22 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


poses  Henry  IV  of  Germany,  18, 
132 

Alexander  III,  Pope  1159-1181:  at- 
tempts to  reconcile  Henry  II  of 
England  and  Thomas  a  Becket,  iz, 
102;  his  quarrel  with  Frederick  Bar- 
barossa,  18,  151,  153 

Alexander  IV,  Pope  1254-1261:  sup- 
ports claims  of  Alfonso  X  to  the 
imperial  dignity,  8,  153;  attempts  to 
secure  freedom  of  Boniface,  Count 
of  Savoy,  4,  274;  issues  a  bull 
against  Alfonso  III  of  Portugal, 
8,  282;  Erlandsen  appeals  to,  16,  96 

Alexander  V,  Pope  1409-1410:  chosen 
Pontiff,  17,  122,  18,  201 

Alexander  VI,  Pope  1492-1503: 
worldly  tendency  of,  4,  285;  issues 
the  Bulls  of  Demarcation,  5,  146, 
23,  32;  refuses  to  sanction  the 
Kuttenberg  Agreement  and  the 
Compactato,  17,  148;  his  connection 
with  the  custody  of  Prince  Djem, 
14,  112;  grants  bull  to  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella,  21,  14;  conflict  with 
Savonarola,  4,  282;  grants  divorce 
to  Louis  XII  of  France  from 
Jeanne,  9,  132;  grants  bull  to  king 
of  Portugal  giving  him  authority  in 
the  East,  5,  148,  21,  13 

Alexander  II,  King  of  Egypt:  see 
Ptolemy  XII 

Alexander  I,  King  of  Macedonia,  ca. 
500-480  B.  C:  reign  of,  2,  184;  at 
Athens,  207 

Alexander  (III)  the  Great,  King  of 
Macedonia:  born  at  Pella,  Mace- 
donia, 356  B.  C;  was  a  pupil  of 
Aristotle;  regent  of  Macedonia,  340 
B.  C;  won  the  battle  of  Chaeroneia, 
338  B.  C;  succeeded  to  the  throne, 
336  B.  C. ;  subjugated  Thrace  and 
Ulyria,  335  B.  C;  destroyed  Thebes 
and  all  other  opposition  in  Greece, 
335  B.  C.;  gained  the  battles 
of  Granicus  (334  B.  C.)  and  of 
Issus  (333  B.  C);  captured  Tyre 
and  Gaza,  332  B.  C;  occupied 
Egypt  and  founded  Alexandria,  332 
B.  C.;  defeated  the  Persians  at  Ar- 
bela,  331  B.  C;  conquered  the  east- 
ern provinces  of  Persia,  330-327  B. 
C;    invaded    India,    326    B.    C;    re- 


turned to  Persia,  325-324  B.  C.;  died 
at  Babylon,  323  B.  C. 

At  Chaeroneia,  2,  477;  his  char- 
acter, 483;  quarrels  with  his  father, 
481;  receives  Celtic  deputies,  17,  10; 
campaigns  in  the  north,  2,  485;  con- 
quers Thebes,  486;  wins  battle  of 
the  Granicus,  489;  conquers  Asia 
Minor,  1,  403,  2,  490;  wins  Issus, 
492;  besieges  Tyre,  1,  125,  2,  493; 
in  Egypt,  1,  33,  2,  495,  19,  9;  wins 
Arbela,  2,  496;  conquers  Babylon, 
497;    invades    the    Persian    Empire, 

1,  168;  burns  Persepolis,  2,  498;  in- 
vades the  Eastern  satrapies,  499; 
significance  of  his  conquest  of 
western   Asia,    14,   3;   slays    Cleitus, 

2,  499;  slays  Philotas,  501;  in  India, 
2,  501,  5,  67;  his  return  march,  2, 
502;  plans  of,  503;  death  of,  505 

Alexander  (1461-1506),  King  of  Po- 
land and  Lithuania:  his  wars  with 
Ivan   the    Great,    15,    13;    reign   of, 

379 

Alexander  I  (1777-1825),  Emperor  of 
Russia  1801-1825;  birth  of,  15,  175; 
at  Potemkin's  reception,  185;  ac- 
cession of,  9,  318,  15,  209;  intrigues 
of,  18,  364;  his  treaty  with  Eng- 
land, 16,  256;  his  relations  with 
Napoleon,  15,  213;  his  meeting  with 
Napoleon  at  Tilsit,  18,  373;  signs 
Peace  of  Tilsit,  8,  485,  14,  403;  asks 
aid  of  England  against  France,  11, 
559;  supports  Prussia  against 
France,  14,  396;  his  relations  with 
Sweden,  16,  251,  254;  opposes  Na- 
poleon, 18,  379;  his  reactionary  pol- 
icy, 15,  264;  his  relations  with  the 
Eastern  Question,  17,  324;  death  of, 
15,  269,  17,  325;  succeeded  by  Nich- 
olas I,  14,  422 

Alexander  (II)  Nikolaievitch  Ro- 
manov, surnamed  the  Liberator, 
Emperor  of  Russia:  born  April  29, 
1818;  his  education  was  entrusted 
almost  entirely  to  native  Russians; 
succeeded  to  the  throne,  March  2, 
1855;  emancipated  the  serfs,  1861; 
crushed  the  Polish  rebellion,  1863; 
adopted  a  reactionary  policy,  1870; 
carried  on  war  with  Turkey,  1877- 
1878;    the    Nihilists    made    five    at- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


M 


tempts  on  his  life,  the  last  one  of 
which  succeeded  and  he  died  at  St. 
Petersburg,  March  ij,  1887 

Accession  of,  II,  617,  14,  458; 
reign  of,  15,  321;  liberal  policy  of, 
14.  4731  influence  of  his  policy,  8, 
404;  in  Russo-Turkish  War,  14, 
482;  assassination  of,  15.  339 

Alexander  III  (1845-1894),  Emperor 
of  Russia  1883-1894:  reign  of,  15, 
341;  death  of,  14,  495.  *5.  344 

Alexander  I,  King  of  Scotland  1 107- 
1124:  reign  of,  12,  261 

Alexander  II  (1198-1249),  King  of 
Scotland  1214-1249:  reign  of,  12, 
267 

Alexander  III  (1241-1286),  King  of 
Scotland  1249-1286:  reign  of,  12, 
268;  defeats  the  Norwegians,  16, 
100;  death  of,  11,   146 

Alexander  (late  18th  century),  Arch- 
duke of  Austria,  son  of  Leopold  11, 
Holy  Roman  Emperor:  made  count 
palatine,  17,  331 

Alexander  (1857-1893),  Prince  of  Bat- 
tenberg:  account  of,  14,  492;  de- 
feats Servians  at  Slivinitza,  404; 
deposition  of,  15,  342 

Alexander  I,  Prince  of  Bulgaria:  see 
Alexander,   Prince  of   Battenberg 

Alexander  (early  19th  century),  a 
Georgian  prince:  revolt  of,  5,  358 

Alexander  (early  18th  century), 
Prince  of  Imeretia:  at  the  battle  of 
Narva,  is,  39 

Alexander,  Lord:  see  Scanderbeg 

Alexander,  Lord  of  the  Isles  (early 
15th  century),  a  Scottish  chief:  at 
war  with  James,  12,  291 

Alexander:  see  Paris 

Alexander,  The  English:  see  Hen-y 
V,  King  of  England 

Alexander,  Barton  Stone  (1819-1878), 
an  American  military  engineer  and 
officer:    in    the    Mexican    War,    22, 

349 

Alexander,  William  (1567?- 1640), 
Earl  of  Stirling:  plans  settlement 
of  Nova  Scotia,  12,  334,  20,  83 

Alexander  Balas,  King  of  Syria,  ca. 
150  B.  C:  rebels  against  Deme- 
trius I   of  Syria.   I,  406 

Alexander  Jannaeus  (ca.  104-28  B.  C), 


High  Priest  of  Jerusalem:  reign  of, 

1.  407.  3.  273 
Alexander      Karageorgevitch      ( 1806- 

1885),    Prince    of    Servia:    becomes 

prince  of  Servia,   14,  443;   deposed. 

465 
Alexander  Nevski,  Saint   (1219-1263), 

Grand  Prince  of  Novgarod:  defeats 

the  Swedes,  15,  10 
Alexander  of  Pherae  (4th  century  B. 

C.),  a  Greek  tyrant:   his  wars  with 

Thebes,  2,  443,  444;   murdered,  448 
Alexander  the   Molossian   (d.   332   B. 

C.),  uncle  of  Alexander  the  Great: 

his  campaign   in   southern    Italy,  3, 

68 
Alexander   I    Land,   a    region    in    the 

South    Polar    lands:    discussed,    16, 

333 

Alexandria  (Uchh),  Egypt:  founded, 
I.  33,  2,  495,  5,  69;  influence  of,  3, 
137;  Greek  prominence  in,  2,  513; 
sends  embassy  to  Rome  (273  B. 
C.)»  3,  85;  insurrection  of,  3.  352; 
captured  by  the  Persians  (619  A. 
D.),  1,  35,  294;  captured  by  the 
Arabs  (641  A.  D.),  1,  35,  2,  533; 
becomes  mart  of  Indian  trade,  5, 
140;  surrenders  to  Napoleon,  (1798), 
1,  37.  14.  380;  siege  of,  9.  317,  11, 
551;  bombarded  by  English  (1882), 
1,  40,  14,  496,  19,  267;  fate  of 
library  at,  1.  296 

Alexandria,  Virginia:  colonial  gov- 
ernors meet  at  (1755),  23,  176;  plun- 
dered by  British,  427;  Federal 
troops  take  possession,  24,  731 

Alexandro-eschata,  Asia:  founded,  2, 
500 

Alexei:  see  Alexis 

Alexiev,  Russian  admiral:  made  vice- 
roy of  the  far  East  (1903),  6,  311; 
concludes  treaty  with  Tsang-chi,  7, 
286;  his  power  in  Korea,  15,  349; 
and  the  far  east,  359 

Alexis  (ca.  1629-1676),  Czar  of  Mus- 
covy  1645-1676:  reign  of,  15,  21 

Alexis  (19th  century),  a  Russian 
prince:  visits  Japan.  7,  191 

Alexis  Comnenus  (1048-11 18),  Byzan- 
tine Emperor,  1081-1118:  his  treat- 
ment of  the  Crusaders,  9,  70;  visited 
by  Sigurd.   16,  97 


24 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Alexis  Mikhaiovich  (1629-1676),  Em- 
peror of  Russia:  disclaims  respon- 
sibility over   the   Cossacks,   14,  229 

Alexis  Nikolaivitch   (1904 ),  Tsar- 

evitch  of  Russia:  birth  of,  15,  360 

Alexis  Petrovitch  (1690-1718),  a  Rus- 
sian prince:  birth  of,  15,  30,  31; 
career  of,  74 

Alexis  of  Palermo  (ca.  1650) :  at- 
tempts to  free  Sicily  from  Spanish 
rule,  4,  323 

Alfaro,  Eloy:  his  administration  as 
ruler  of  Ecuador  (1895-1901),  31, 
244 

Alfarrobeira,  Spain:  battle  of  (ca. 
1450),  8,  313 

Alfieri,  Vittorio  (1 749-1803),  cele- 
brated Italian  dramatist:  sketch  of, 
4,   338 

Alfonso  I,  King  of  Aragon  1104- 
1134:  defeats  Abu  Giafar,  8,  91; 
his  campaigns  against  Moors,  95; 
at  war  with  Leon  and  Castile,  144; 
accession  to  throne  of  Navarre,  201; 
accession  to  throne  of  Aragon, 
233;   death   of,    145 

Alfonso  II  (1152-1196),  King  of  Ara- 
gon 1163-1196:  reign  of,  8,  236 

Alfonso  (Alphonso)  III  (1265-1291), 
King  of  Aragon  1285-1291:  recog- 
nized as  king,  9,  86;  reign  of,  8, 
246;  gives  up  claims  to  Sicily,  4, 
258;  his   Neopolitan  war,  263 

Alfonso  IV  ( 1 299-1 336),  King  of  Ara- 
gon 1327-1336:  reign  of,  8,  249 

Alfonso  (V)  the  Wise  (1385-1458), 
King  of  Aragon:  attempts  to  recon- 
cile Juan  I  of  Navarre  and  his  son, 
8,  214;  reign  of,  262 

Alfonso  (I)  the  Catholic,  King  of 
Asturias  and  Leon  739-756:  reign 
of,  8,  131 

Alfonso  (II)  the  Chaste,  King  of 
Asturias  and  Leon  791-842:  revolt 
of,  8,  72;  reign  of,   132 

Alfonso  (III)  the  Great,  King  of 
Asturias  and  Leon  866-910:  at  war 
with  Mohammed  I,  8,  74;  reign  of, 
134 

Alfonso  (IV)  the  Monk,  King  of 
Asturias  and  Leon  924-932:  reign 
01,  8,  136 


Alfonso  V,  King  of  Asturias  and 
Leon  999-1028:  reign  of,  8,  138; 
death  of,  272 

Alfonso  VIII  (also  reckoned  as  IX) 
(1155-1214),  King  of  Castile  1158- 
1214:  at  battle  of  Alarcon,  8,  99; 
reign  of,  146 

Alfonso  IX,  King  of  Leon  1 188-1230: 
reign  of,  8,  147;  marries  Teresa  of 
Portugal,  277 

Alfonso  (VI)  the  Valiant  (1030- 
1109),  King  of  Leon  and  Castile: 
at  war  with  the  Mohammedans,  8, 
87;  accession  to  throne  of  Leon, 
142;  accession  to  throne  of  Castile, 
143;  his  conquests  in  Portugal,  272 

Alfonso  VII,  King  of  Leon  and  Cas- 
tile: see  Alfonso  I,  King  of  Aragon 

Alfonso  VIII  (Alfonso  Raymond) 
(1106-1157),  King  of  Leon  and  Cas- 
tile 1126-1157:  his  campaigns 
against  the  Saracens,  8,  96;  reduces 
Baeza,  97;  made  lord  of  Galicia, 
143;  his  invasions  of  Navarre,  202; 
forms  alliance  with  Raymundo  of 
Aragon,  236;  reign  of,  145 

Alfonso  (X)  el  Sabio  (1221-1284), 
King  of  Leon  and  Castile  1252- 
1282:  reign  of,  8,  108,  152;  elected 
king  of  Germany,  18,  171 

Alfonso  XI  (d.  1350),  King  of  Leon 
and  Castile  1312-1350:  besieges 
Gibraltar,  8,  112;  campaign  of, 
against  Moors,  115;  reign  of,  158; 
at  war  with  Alfonso  IV  of  Portu- 
gal, 284 

Alfonso  I,  King  of  Naples:  see  Al- 
fonso V,  King  of  Aragon 

Alfonso  II  (1448-1495),  King  of  Na- 
ples 1494-1495:  reign  of,  8,  209; 
at  war  with  Charles  VIII  of 
France,  9,  130;  abdication  of,  131 

Alfonso  I  (1110-1185),  King  of  Portu- 
gal 1139-1185:  reign  of,  as  Count  of 
Portugal,  8,  273;  accession  of,  97; 
reign    of,    274 

Alfonso  II  ( 1 185-1223),  King  of 
Portugal  1211-1223:  reign  of,  8,  278 

Alfonso  III  (1210-1279),  King  of 
Portugal  1248-1279:  made  regent,  8, 
280;  reign  of,  281 

Alfonso   (IV)  the  Brave   (1290-1357), 


GENERAL    INDEX 


M 


King  of  Portugal  1325-1357:  rebel- 
lion of,  8,  283;  reign  of,  284 

Alfonso  V  (1432-1481),  King  of 
Portugal  1438-1481:  aids  Castilian 
rebellion,  8,  184;  reign  of,  310 

Alfonso  VI  (1643-1683),  King  of 
Portugal  1656-1667:  reign  of,  8,  464 

Alfonso  XII  (King  of  Hulan)  (1857- 
1885),  King  of  Spain  1875-1885: 
birth  of,  8,  506;  reign  of,  514 

Alfonso    XIII    (1886 ),    King    of 

Spain:  reign  of,  8,  517,  521 

Alfonso  (d.  1400),  Prince  of  Portugal, 
son  of  Joam  II;  marries  Isabella 
of  Castile,  8,  324;  death  of,  324 

Alfonso,  Count  of  Portugal:  see  Al- 
fonso I,  King  of  Portugal 

Alfonso  Henriques  (early  14th  cen- 
tury), an  illegitimate  brother  of 
Alfonso  IV  of  Portugal:  takes  up 
arms  against   Alfonso   IV,  8,  284 

Alfred  (iElfred,  Aelfred,  Alured  or 
Alvred)  the  Great,  King  of  the 
West  Saxons:  born  in  Berkshire, 
848  or  849  A.  D.;  succeeded  to  the 
throne,  871  A.  D.;  attacked  and 
routed   the   Danes  at   Eddington   in 

•  878  A.  D.;  he  improved  the  Eng- 
lish navy,  rebuilt  cities  and  forts, 
established  schools,  compiled  a  code 
of  laws,  and  reformed  the  adminis- 
tration of  justice;  he  was  a  scholar 
as  well  as  a  patron  of  learning  and 
translated  several  works  from  Latin 
into  Anglo-Saxon;  he  was  recog- 
nized as  king  over  all  England 
about  893  A.  D.;  he  defeated  the 
Northmen  who  had  again  invaded 
the  kingdom  in  894  A.  D.;  died  at 
Winchester,  October  28,  901  A.  D. 
Reign  of,  II,  43;  his  translation 
of  Orosius,  16,  7,  299;  his  treaty 
with  Guthrum,  15;  death  of,  II,  45 

Alfredo,  Joao,  Brazilian  patriot 
(1800):  overthrow  of  his  ministry, 
ai,  252 

Algeciras:  see  Algeziras 

Algeciras  Conference  (1905-1906),  an 
international  conference  held  in 
Spain  to  settle  the  supremacy  of 
France  or  Spain  in  Morocco,  16, 
290,  19,  246 


Alger,  Russell  Alexander   11836 ), 

American  politician  and  general: 
candidate  for  Presidential  nomina- 
tion, 34,  965;  criticised  for  use  of 
"  embalmed  beef,"  1034 

Algeria,  northern  Africa:  conquered 
by  France,  19,  47;  under  French 
rule,  19,  262,  20,  280 

Algeziras,  Spain:  siege  of  (1342-1343), 
8,    115,  209 

Algiers,  sea-port  in  northern  Africa: 
taken  by  Khaireddin  Barbarossa, 
14,  161;  taken  by  the  French  (1830), 
432;  treaty  with  the  United  States, 
33.  364,  394 

Algiers,  Louisiana:  fired  by  Confed- 
erates, 34,  751 

Algonquian  Indians,  North  America: 
independent  of  other  families,  23, 
7;  translation  of  Bible  into  their 
language,  97;  hostility  of,  toward 
Iroquois,  175;  join  in  conspiracy  of 
Pontiac,   199 

Algonquin  Indians:  see  Algonquian 

Algotsson,  Bengal  (ca.  1350),  Scandi- 
navian courtier:  Erik  demands  exile 
of,  16,  108 

Alhakem  (I)  ben  Abdelemlic,  Caliph 
of  Cordova  796-821  A.  D.:  reign  of, 
8,  72 

Alhakem  (II)  ben  Abderahman, 
Caliph  of  Cordova  961-976  A.  D.: 
reign  of,  8,  78 

Alhambra,  The,  citadel  and  palace 
founded  in  the  13th  century  above 
the  city  of  Granada,  Spain,  by  the 
Moorish  kings:  building  of,  8,  no; 
captured  by  the  Christians,  150 

Alhange,  Spain:  siege  of  (917  A.  D.), 
8,    135 

Alhaur  ben  Abderahman,  Arab  sheik 
(ca.  700  A.  D.):  made  emir  of 
Spain,  8,  63 

Ali  (600-661  A.  D.),  son  of  Abu  Talib. 
an  adopted  son  of  Mohammed:  ac- 
cepts doctrine  of  Mohammed,  1, 
218;  called  the  Lion  of  God,  229; 
sketch  of,  240;  acknowledges  Abu 
Bekr  as  Mohammed's  successor, 
242;  made  caliph,  243,  245;  reign 
of,  5.  326 

Ali  Beg  Widaitsh  (ca.  1800),  Turkish 


26 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Janissary:  allies  with  Dahis  of  Bel- 
grade,  14,  388,  390 

AH  ben  Hamad,  Arab  Governor  in 
Africa,  ca.  1000  A.  D.:  at  war  with 
Solyman,  8,  80;  proclaimed  king  of 
Mohammedan  Spain,  81 

Ali  ben  Yussef  (1084-1144),  Almo- 
ravid  ruler  in  Spain  1107-1144:  reign 
of,  8,  91 

Ali  Bey  (ca.  1728-1773),  Mameluke 
chief,  sultan  of  Egypt,  1768-1773: 
reign  of,  1,  37;  promotes  rebellion 
in  Africa  against  Portugal,  19,  39 

Ali  Damad,  Grand  Vizier  (ca.  1700) : 
campaign  of,  18,  319 

Ali  Kumurgi:  see  Ali  Damad 

Ali  Moldowandji,  Grand  Vizier  of 
Turkey  (ca.  1750) :  succeeds  Emin 
Mohammed,  14,  324 

Ali  Murad,  shah  of  Persia,  ca.  1750: 
reign  of,  5,  355 

Ali  Pasha,  Grand  Vizier  of  Turkey: 
see  Aali  Pasha 

Ali  Pasha,  Turkish  general  (ca.  1339) : 
campaign  in  Bulgaria,  14,  34 

Ali  Pasha  (1741-1822),  Turkish  gen- 
eral: became  pasha  of  Janina  (1788), 
2,  541;  wins  cities  from  the  French 
(1798),  14,  384;  sketch  of,  414,  415; 
rebellion  of,  15,  218 

Ali  Vardi  (ca.  1750),  nawab  of  Ben- 
gal: defeats  the  Bhonslas,  5,  133; 
usurps  the  throne,  182 

Alibaud,  Louis  (1810-1836),  French 
fanatic:  attempts  to  assassinate 
Louis   Philippe,  9,  409 

Alicante,  eastern  Spain:  siege  of 
(1691),  8,  384 

Alice  (Alice  of  Hesse),  Empress  of 
Russia,   1894-1906:  marriage  of,   15, 

345 
Alien  Act,  authorizing   President   for 

period  of  two  years  to  expel  from 

country  any  dangerous  alien  (1800): 

Federalists   enact,  23,  377 
Aligarh,     British     India:     battle     of 

(1803),  201 
Alikun,  Chinese  general  (ca.  1770),  6, 

93 
Aliso,  ancient  Germany:  founded,  18, 

14 
Aliwal,  British  India:  battle  of  (1846), 

5,  221 


Aljubarota,  Portugal:  battle  of  (1385), 
8,  174,  299 

Alkassim  ben  Abdalla,  Arab  chief  (ca. 
900  A.  D.):  rebellions  of,  8,  76 

Alkimus,  high  priest  of  Judah  (ca. 
160  B.  C.):  reign  of,  1,  406 

Alkmaar,  North  Holland:  battle  of 
(1799),  10,  407;  siege  of  (1573),  13, 
114 

"  All  of  Oregon  or  none,"  election  cry 
(1846),  24,  543 

Allatoona,  northern  Georgia:  John- 
ston falls  back  to,  24,  794 

Allegheny  River,  chief  stream  of  Ohio 
River:  bounds  French  claims,  23, 
168 

Allemanni:  see  Alemanni 

Allen,    Charles    Herbert    (1848 ), 

American  banker:  first  United 
States  governor  of  Porto  Rico,  24, 
1041 

Allen,  Ethan,  an  American  general: 
born  at  Litchfield,  Conn.,  January 
io»  1737;  became  owner  of  iron- 
works at  Salisbury,  Conn.,  and  in 
1766  removed  to  Vermont;  here  he 
became  a  leader  in  the  popular  re- 
sistance to  the  province  of  New 
York;  the  latter  declared  him  an 
outlaw  and  offered  a  reward  of 
$150  for  his  arrest;  he  favored  the 
outbreak  of  the  Revolution;  sur- 
prised and  captured  Fort  Ticonder- 
oga,  May  10,  1775,  with  a  force  of 
only  eighty-three  men;  attacked 
Montreal  Sept.  25,  1775  with  a  small 
force  but  was  captured  and  sent  to 
England;  he  was  treated  with  great 
fcruelty  and  not  exchanged  until 
1778;  he  died  near  Burlington,  Vt., 
February  12,  1789 

Captures  Ticonderoga  and  Crown 
Point,  23,  228 

Allen,  William  (1 532-1 594),  English 
cardinal  and  controversialist:  founds 
seminary  for  Catholic  missionaries 
to  England,  ix,  291 

Allende  (San  Miguel  el  Grande), 
Mexico:  founded,  22,  117 

Allende,  Ignacio  ( 1 779-181 1),  Mexican 
patriot  and  captain  in  the  Spanish 
army:  in  the  rebellion  of  Hidalgo, 
22,  238 


GENERAL    INDEX 


n 


Allia,  small  river  in  Latiuin.  Italy: 
battle  of  the  (390  B.C.),  3.  59 

Allobroges,  a  Celtic  people  of  south- 
eastern Gaul:  attack  Hannibal  (218 
B.  C),  3,  115 

Alma,  river  in  the  Crimea,  Russia: 
battle  of  the  (1854),  9,  446,  II,  615, 
14.  455,  13,  312 

Almagro,  Diego  de  (1475-1538),  a 
Spanish  soldier,  one  of  the  conquer- 
ors of  Peru:  career  of,  21,  18; 
death  of,  24 

Almamon  (786-833  A.  D.),  Caliph  of 
Bagdad  813-833:  extravagance  of,  I, 
343;  aids  literature  and  learning, 
345;  foreign  relations  of,  352 

Almamun  Abu  Ali,  Mohammedan 
ruler  (ca.  1200) :  reign  of,  8,  102 

Almansor:  see  Mohammed  ben  Ab- 
dalla 

Almanza,  Spain:  battle  of  (1707),  8, 
398,  9,  233.  13,  251 

Almanza,  Martin  Enriquez  de,  Span- 
ish official  (ca.  1550):  his  adminis- 
tration as  viceroy  of  New  Spain,  22, 
128;  made  viceroy  of  Peru,  131 

Almeida,  Francisco  d',  (ca.  1450- 
1510),  Portuguese  commander: 
made  viceroy  of  the  Indies,  5,  148, 
8,  328,  20,  41 

Almenara,  Spain:  battle  of  (17 10),  8, 

399 
Almeria,  Spain:  siege  of  (1146),  8,  236 
Almohades,   a    Mohammedan   dynasty 
in  northern  Africa  and  Spain,  gain- 
ing power  about  the  middle  of  the 
twelfth      century:      established      in 
Spain,  8,  97 
Almonacid,  Spain:  battle  of  (1809),  9, 

337 
Almondhir   ben    Mohammed    (ca.    880 

A.  D.):  campaigns  of,  against  Omar, 

8,  75;  reign  of,  75 
Almonte,    Juan    Nepomuceno    (1812- 

1869),  Mexican  general:  member  of 

provisional  government,  22,  387 
Almoravides,  Don  Garcia  de,  Spanish 

rebel  (ca.  1250):  rebellion  of,  8,  208 
Almos,  King  of  Croatia:  accession  of 

(1000),      17,      51;      dethroned,      52; 

blinded,  53 
Almunecar,  Spain:  battles  of   (755  A. 

D.),  8,  68;  (1014),  80 


Alne,    England:   battle  of  the    (1093), 

12,  258 
Alnwick,    England:    battle   of    (1174), 

11.  108 
Alomaeonidae,     a     noble     family     of 

Athens,  which  came  from  Messenia 

about   1 100   B.   C:   curse  of  the,  2, 

100 
Alonzo,    Mariano    Roque    (ca.    1850), 

a     consul     of     Paraguay:     granted 

executive    power    in    Paraguay,    21, 

155 

Alonzo,  Severo  (ca.  1890),  South 
American  statesman:  president  of 
Bolivia,  21,  243 

Aloros  of  Babylon,  mythical  king  of 
Babylonia:  reign  of,  I,  73 

Alost,  Belgium:  siege  of  (1576),  13, 
121 

Alp  Arslau  (1029-1072),  the  Conquer- 
ing Lion,  king  of  Seljuks,  1063-1073: 
reign  of,  5,  320;  Seljukian  power 
under,  14,  10 

Alphabet:  invention  of  the  Phoeni- 
cians, I,  121,  2,  27 

Alphonso:  see  Alfonso 

Al  Raxid  ben  Mohammed  (nth  cen- 
tury), a  Mohammedan  prince:  ad- 
vises alliance  with  Alfonso  VI  of 
Leon,  8,  89 

Alsace,  a  former  government  of  east- 
ern France:  given  to  Burgundy,  13, 
405 

Alsace-Lorraine,  an  imperial  territory 
of  German  empire:  description  of, 
426  note 

Alsatia:  occupied  by  Marshal  Horn, 
18,  285 

Alsina,  Valentin  (ca.  1850),  South 
American  soldier:  appointed  cap- 
tain-general of  Buenos  Ayres,  21, 
128 

Altamirano,  Eulogio  (ca.  1870),  Chil- 
ean statesman:  Minister  of  the  In- 
terior and  of  Foreign  Affairs,  21, 
227 

Altamsh  (d.  1236),  King  of  Delhi: 
reign  of,  5,  97 

Alten,  Count  d'  (1764-1840),  a  Han- 
overian commander:  policy  of,  in 
Belgium,  13,  260 

Altgeld,  John  P.,  Governor  of  Illinois 
(ca.    1894):   pardons   anarchists,   24, 


28 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


962;  protests  against  Cleveland's 
sending   troops    to    Chicago,    1003 

Althorp,  Lord:  see  Spencer,  John 
Charles,  Earl  Spencer 

Altman  (ca.  1870),  a  Norwegian  ex- 
plorer: explorations  of,  16,  315 

Altmark,  Truce  of  (1629),  a  truce  be- 
tween Sweden  and  Poland,   16,   189 

Alton,  Illinois:  abolition  riot,  24,  575 

Altranstadt,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  be- 
tween Charles  XII  of  Sweden  and 
Emperor  Joseph  I  (1706),  15,  46,  16, 
219 

Alva,  Fernando  Alvarez  de  Toledo, 
Duke  of  (1508-1582),  Spanish  gen- 
eral: campaigns  in  Italy,  8,  354;  in 
the  Low  Countries,  359;  governor 
of  the  Netherlands,  II,  285;  his 
campaign  in  Italy,  13,  70;  in  the 
Netherlands,  104;  sketch  of,  106; 
death  of,  115 

Alvara  Nunez  de  Lara,  Count  (d. 
1219) :  regent  of  Castile,  8,  149 

Alvarado,  Pedro  de  (1485-1541),  Span- 
ish cavalier  and  explorer:  returns  to 
Cuba  with  report  of  Mexican  dis- 
coveries, 22,  5;  joins  Cortez,  10; 
commands  in  the  City  of  Mexico, 
31;  at  the  siege  of  Mexico,  52;  his 
expeditions  against  the  Zapotecs, 
and  against  Guatemala,  66,  429; 
conquers  Salvador,  439 

Alvarez,  Juan  (1 780-1 867),  a  Mexican 
general:  elected  president,  22,  382 

Alvaro  de  Luna  (ca.  1425),  a  Spanish 
noble:  made  constable,  8,  176;  fate 
of,  179 

Alvear,  Gaspar,  Governor  of  Durango 
(ca.  1620) :  crushes  Indian  insurrec- 
tion, 22,  152 

Alverstone,  Lord   (1842 ),  a  chief 

justice  of  England:  in  Alaskan 
boundary  commission,  24,  1055 

Alves,  Francisco  Rodriguez,  president 
of  Brazil  1902-1906:  election,  21, 
255 

Alviano,  Bartholomew  (1455-1515), 
general  of  Republic  of  Venice:  de- 
fends Venice,  4,  292 

Alvinczy  (Alvinzi),  Joseph,  Baron  von 
Barberek  (1735-1810),  an  Austrian 
general:  his  campaigns  against  Na- 


poleon, 9,  301;  defeated  at  Areola 
and  Rivoli,  17,  282;  sketch  of,  332 

Alxaman  (8th  century  A.  D.),  a  Mo- 
hammedan general:  his  campaign 
against  the  Christians,  8,  129 

Alyattes  III  (610-568  B.  C),  King  of 
Lydia:  reign  of,  1,  145,  2,  116 

Amadas,  Philip  (16th  century),  an 
English  explorer:  explores  Virginia, 

23,  53 

Amadeus  I  (1845-1890),  King  of  Spain, 

1871-1873:  reign  of,  8,  512 
Amadeus  I   (ca.   1048),   Count  of  Sa- 
voy: reign  of,  4,  272 
Amadeus   II,   Count    of   Savoy    1060: 

reign  of,  4,  272 
Amadeus   III    (1103-1146),    Count   of 

Savoy:  reign  of,  4,  273 
Amadeus  IV,   Count  of  Savoy   1233- 

1253:  reign  of,  4,  273 
Amadeus    (V)    the    Great,    Count    of 

Savoy  1285-1323:  reign  of,  4,  274 
Amadeus  VI,  surnamed  Count  Verde, 

Count  of  Savoy,  1343-1383:  reign  of, 

4.  275 
Amadeus  VII,  surnamed  Count  Rosso, 

Count  of  Savoy  1383-1391:  reign  of, 

4,  277 
Amadeus  VIII,   Duke   of   Savoy:   see 

Felix  V,  Pope 
Amager,  an  island  of  Denmark:  sketch 

of  the  peasants  of,  16,  190 
Amakusa,  Japan:  battle  of   (1638),  7, 

137 

Amalaric  (ca.  520  A.  D.),  Gothic  king: 
establishes  his  court  in  Spain,  8,  39; 
marries  Clotilda,  40;  reign  of,  9,  25, 
18,  48;  under  guardianship  of  Theo- 
doric,  47 

Amalasontha  (ca.  525  A.  D.),  Mother 
of  Athalaric:  career  of,  4,  159;  re- 
gency of,  18,  48 

Amalasunta:  see  Amalasontha 

Amaral,  Signor  (ca.  1850),  governor 
of  Macao,  China:  murdered  at  Ma- 
cao, 6,  146 

Amasis:  see  Aahmes 

Amassia,  Asia  Minor:  annexed  by 
Bayezid,  14,  38 

Amat,  Antonio  (ca.  1760),  a  Spanish 
viceroy  to  South  America:  sketch 
of,  21,  50 


GENERAL    INDEX 


29 


Amaziah,  King  of  Judah  797-792  B. 
C:  reign  of,  I,  395  • 

Amazon,  A  New  Peruvian  Route  to 
the  Plain  of  the,  ai,  305 

Amazon  River,  principal  river  in 
South  America:  mouth  of,  discov- 
ered (1500),  ai,  15;  explored,  25; 
opened  to  the  commerce  of  the 
world  (1867),  178 

Ambato,  Compact  of,  a  constitution 
for  Ecuador:  concluded  (1835),  ai, 
108;  abolished,  109 

Ambiorix  (1st  century  B.  C).  King  of 
the  Eburones:  leader  of  Gallic  re- 
bellion, 3,  305;  at  war  with  Rome, 

9,  9 

Amboise,  Conspiracy  of  (1560),  a 
conspiracy  of  Huguenots  to  seize 
Francis  II,  9,  151 

Amboise,  Convention  of  (1563),  a 
treaty  between  French  Catholics 
and  Huguenots,  9,  154 

Amboyna,  one  of  Molucca  Islands: 
captured  by  the  Dutch  (1603),  13, 
168;  massacre  of  (1623),  5,  154,  162, 
13,  221,  ao,  143;  annexed  to  British 
empire,  5,  205,  20,  59 

Ambracia,  Greece:  at  war  with  Ath- 
ens, a,  300;  garrisoned  by  Philip, 
480;  rebels  against  Alexander,  485 

Ambrister  (ca.  1800),  a  British  settler 
in  America:  executed,  33,  444 

Ambrones,  a  German  tribe:  location 
of,  17,  11 

Ambrose,  St.  (340-397  A.  D.),  Bishop 
of  Milan  374-397:  receives  the  sub- 
mission of  Theodosius  the  Great,  a, 
528;  his  influence  over  Gratian,  4, 
132;  his  services  to  Valentinian,  134 

Ameinias  of  Pallene  (ca.  480  B.  C), 
an  Athenian  Trierarch,  a,  203 

Amelon,  King  of  Babylonia  (antedi- 
luvian): reign  of,  1,  73 

Amendments:  see  Constitution 

Amen-em-hat  I  (ca.  2000  B.  C),  King 
of  Egypt:  reign  of,  1,  18,  19 

Amenophis  (Amen-hotep)  II,  King  of 
Knypt,    1447    B.    C. :   reign   of,    I,   23 

Amenophis  III,  King  of  Egypt,  15th 
century  B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  24 

Amenophis  IV  (Khu-en-Aten),  King 
of  Egypt  ca.  1400  B.  C. :  reign  of,  I, 
24;  loses   Palestine,  375 


Ament,     Dr„     American     missionary, 

1900:  in  China,  6,  300 
America:   first   use  of   the   name,   aj, 

35 

America,  North:  see  North  America 

America,  South:  sec  South  America 

America,  The  Demosthenes  of:  see 
Webster,  Daniel 

America,  The  Fabius  of:  see  Wash- 
ington, George 

America,  The  Gibraltar  of:  see  Que- 
bec 

America,  The  Wolf  of:  see  Montgom- 
ery, Richard 

American  Anti-Slavery  Society 
(1833):  organized,  34,  574 

American  Colonization  Society : 
founded   (1817),   24.  571 

American  Party,  The:  see  Know- 
Nothing  Party 

American  System:  origin,  33,  354 

Amerigo  Vespucci:  see  Vespucci, 
Amerigo 

Ames,  Fisher  (1758-1808),  an  Ameri- 
can statesman:  in  first  Congress, 
33,  342 

Ames,  Oakes  (1804-1873),  Represent- 
ative from  Massachusetts:  censured 
by  Congress,  34,  896 

Amherst,  Jeffrey,  Baron  (1 717-1797), 
an  English  soldier:  his  expedition 
against  Louisburg,  ao,  117,  33,  188; 
made  commander-in-chief  of  British 
forces  in  America,  192;  captures 
Crown  Point  and  Ticonderoga,  193; 
captures  Montreal,  197 

Amherst,  William  Pitt  Amherst,  Ba- 
ron ( 1 773-1857):  his  governor-gen- 
eralship of  India,  5,  209;  sent  as 
ambassador  to  Peking,  6,  120 

Amiens,  France:  taken  by  the  Span- 
ish,  13,    164 

Amiens,  Mise  of,  award  pronounced 
by  Louis  IX  (1264),  11,  140 

Amiens,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
Great  Britain  on  one  side  and 
France,  Spain  and  Batavian  Repub- 
lic on  the  other  (1802),  5,  197.  8. 
483.  9.  3i8,  10,  444,  11.  552,  13,  267, 
5 1 8,  33.  396,  405 

Aminadab,  Israel:  shelters  the  ark,  1, 
381 

Amiot,     Father     (1718-1794),     French 


30 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Jesuit    missionary    and    Orientalist: 
expelled  from  Peking,  6,  117 

Amirantes,  the  islands  in  the  Indian 
Ocean:  belonging  to  England,  19 
213,  20,  263 

Amlaff,  English  earl  of  eleventh  cen- 
tury: at  battle  of  Clontarf,  12,  42 

Ammon,  northern  Africa:  oracle  of, 
visited   by  Alexander,   2,   495 

Amon,  King  of  Judah,  642-640  B.  C: 
reign  of,  1,  398 

Amorium,  Phrygia,  Asia:  battle  and 
siege  of,  1,  358 

Amoy,  China:  capture  of,  6,  138;  af- 
fair at,  7,  283 

Amozoque,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1847), 
22,  327 

Amphichus,  early  Greek  colonist:  es- 
tablishes Greek  settlement  in  Chios, 
2,  55 

Amphictyon:  mythical  Greek  hero,  2, 
24 

Amphictyonic  Council,  in  Greek  his- 
tory, a  league  of  peoples  inhabiting 
neighboring  territories  or  drawn  to- 
gether by  community  of  origin  or 
interests,  for  mutual  protection  and 
the  guardianship  in  common  of  a 
central  sanctuary  and  its  rites:  de- 
clares war  on  Phocis,  2,  460;  on  the 
Amphissians,  475 

Amphipolis,  Macedonia:  founded,  2, 
258;  revolts  from  Athens,  314;  bat- 
tle of,  316;  taken  by  Philip  of  Mace- 
don,  458 

Ampthill,  Arthur  Villiers  Russell,  Ba 
ron  (living),  English  diplomat: 
acting  governor-general  of  India,  5 
302 

Ampudia,  Pedro  de,  Mexican  general 
in  command  of  army  at  beginning 
of   Mexican   War    (1848):   his   cam 
paign  against  the  United  States,  22 
284 

Amr  ben  Leis,  Mohammedan  ruler 
878-900  A.  D.:  reign  of,  5,  328 

Amraphel:  see  Hammurabi 

Amru  ben  el  Ass  (Amrou  Ben  el  As 
or  Amr  iben  al  Assi),  an  Arabian 
warrior:  born  about  600  A.  D.;  at 
first  he  opposed  Mohammed  but  af- 
terwards became  a  zealous  prose- 
lyte; aided  in  the  conquest  of  Syria; 


conquered  Egypt,  of  which  he  be- 
came emir,  and  took  Alexandria, 
640  A.  D.  and  Tripoli,  643  A.  D.; 
opposed  Ali;  died  while  governor  of 
Egypt,  664  A.  D. 

Conquers  Egypt,  1,  35,  290,  291; 
joins  Mohammed,  231;  attempted 
assassination  of,  247;  at  siege  of 
Damascus,  272;  refuses  to  recognize 
Ali  as  kalif,  5,  326;  invades  Egypt, 
19,   11 

Amstalden,  Peter  (ca.  1450),  Dutch 
rebel:  leads  revolt,  13,  411 

Amsterdam,  north  Holland,  Nether- 
lands: siege  of  (1570),  8,  360 

Amsterdam,  Bank  of,  Dutch  national 
bank:  established,  13,  195 

Amundsen,  Ronald,  Norwegian  ex- 
plorer of  late  19th  century:  explo- 
rations of,  16,  329 

Amurath:  see  Murad 

Amursana,  Mongol  chief  (ca.  1750) : 
aids  Davatsi,  6,  85;  death  of,  86 

Amusements:  in  the  colonies,  23,  155 

Amyntas  I  (d.  498  B.  C),  King  of 
Macedonia:    submits    to    Persia,    2, 

133 

Amyntas  II,  King  of  Macedonia,  394- 
370  B.  C:  reign  of,  2,  456 

Amyrtaeos,  Egyptian  ruler:  leader  of 
revolts  (463  B.  C.)»  I,  3% 

Ana,  daughter  of  Philip  III  of  Spain: 
marries  Louis  XIII  of  France 
(1612),  8,  375 

Anabaptists,  Christians  who  hold  bap- 
tism in  infancy  to  be  invalid,  and 
require  adults  who  have  received  it 
to  be  baptized  on  joining  their  com- 
munion: influence  of,  in  the  Nether- 
lands, 13,  57;  sketch  of,  13,  91,  436, 
18,  242,  250 

Anaclete  II,  anti-Pope  in  opposition 
to  Innocent  II,  1130-1138:  pontifi- 
cate of,  18,  143 

Anacreon  of  Teos  (563-478  B.  C), 
famous  Greek  lyric  poet,  2,  115 

Anagni,  Treaty  of,  concluded  (1295) 
between  France  and  Aragon,  9,  86 

Anan  ben  David  (ca.  750  A.  D.),  a 
Babylonian  Jew:  founds  sect  of  the 
Karaites,  1,  415 

Anapa,  Caucasus,  Russia:  fall  of 
(1828),  15,  280 


GENERAL    INDEX 


81 


Anarchy:  dangers  of,  discussed  in 
Roosevelt's  message,'  24,  1050 

Anastasius  I  (430-518  A.  D.),  Byzan- 
tine Emperor,  491-518:  relations 
with  Clovis,  18,  47 

Anastasius  II  (Artemius)  (d.  ca.  719 
A.  D.)»  Byzantine  Emperor,  713-716 
A.  D.:  prepares  Constantinople  for 
siege,  1,  329 

Anastro,  Gaspar,  Spanish  merchant  of 
Antwerp:  instigates  the  assassina- 
tion of  William  of  Orange  (1582), 
13,  138 

Anatolia,  Asiatic  Turkey:  stronghold 
of  modern  Turks,  14,  24 

Anaxagoras  (500-428  B.  C).  Greek 
philosopher,  native  of  Ionia:  ac- 
cused of  impiety,  a,  272 

Anaya,  Pedro  Mart  a  (1795- 1854),  a 
Mexican  general:  elected  provisional 
president  of  Mexico,  aa,  320;  elected 
president  of  Mexico,  374 

Anbar,  Asia:  conquered  by  the  Sara- 
cens, 1,  259 

Ancenis,  Treaty  of,  signed  between 
Charles  of  France  and  Charles  of 
Burgundy  (1468),  9,  123 

Anchorena,  South  American  patriot  of 
early  19th  century:  made  Minister 
of  Finance,  ai,  122 

Anciens,  Council  of  the,  held  legisla- 
tive power  in  France  (1795),  10, 
301 

Anco,  Italy:  battle  of  (1815),  17,  314 

Ancon,  Treaty  of  (1884),  concluded 
between  Chili  and  Peru,  ai,  238 
264 

Ancona,  eastern  Italy:  founded,  3,  57; 
siege  of  (1166),  18,  152;  occupied 
by  the  French  (1832),  17,  327 

Ancre,  Marshal  d':  see  Concini,  Con- 
cino,  Marquis  of  Ancre 

Andaman  Islands,  a  group  of  islands 
belonging  to  Great  Britain,  in  east- 
ern part  of  Bay  of  Bengal:  descrip- 
tion of,  5i  17.  ao,  253 

Andeca,  King  of  the  Sucvi,  ca.  580  A. 
D.:  consigned  to  a  monastery,  8, 
42 

Andeiro,  Joam  Fernando,  Spanish 
courtier  of  the  late  14th  century: 
sketch  of,  8,  293 

Andenarde:  see  Ondenarde 


Anderida,  Roman  encampment  in 
England:  captured  by  Saxons,  11, 
18 

Andermatt,  General,  Swiss  soldier 
(ca.  1800):  besieges  Zurich,  13,  518 

Andernach,  Prussia:  battles  of  (876 
A.  D.),  18,  96;  (939  A.  D.),  no 

Anderson,  an  English  explorer  (ca. 
1850):  finds  relics  of  the  Franklin 
expedition,  16,  310 

Anderson,  Joseph  (1757-1837),  an 
American  politician:  as  delegate  to 
Panama  Congress,  23,  468 

Anderson,  Karl  Johan  (1827-1867),  a 
Swedish  explorer  in  Africa:  explora- 
tions of,  19,  52 

Anderson,  Lars:  see  Andreae,  Lauren- 
tius 

Anderson,  Robert  ( 1805-187 1),  an 
American  general:  transfers  his 
force  from  Fort  Moultrie  to  Fort 
Sumter,  24,  703;  refuses  to  return 
to  Fort  Moultrie,  704:  refuses  to 
surrender  fort,  705;  at  bombard- 
ment of  Fort  Sumter,  710;  surren- 
ders Fort  Sumter,  712;  sent  to  or- 
ganize  Kentucky  troops,  722 

Ando  Nobumasa  (d.  1861),  a  Japanese 
Rojiu:  assassination  of,  7,  161 

Andocedes,  an  Athenian  orator  (ca. 
415  B.  C):  sketch  of,  a,  334 

Andrada  e  Silva,  Bonifacio  Jose  de 
(1765-1838),  a  Brazilian  statesman 
and  mineralogist:  guardian  of  Pedro 
II  of  Brazil,  ai,  169 

Andrade,  South  American  statesman: 
President  of  Venezuela  (1898),  ai, 
246 

Andrade,  Pavia  d\  a  Portuguese  ex- 
plorer (ca.  1889):  his  work  in  Af- 
rica, 19,  225 

Andrassy,  Hungarian  political  leader 
(ca.  1905):  in  Dr.  Wekerlcs  min- 
istry, 17,  447 

Andrassy,  Julius,  Count  (1823-1890), 
a  Hungarian  statesman:  at  Berlin 
Congress,  14,  487;  attempts  to  ob- 
tain foreign  aid  for  the  Magyars, 
17.  372;  made  premier  of  Hungary, 
397;  made  minister  of  foreign  af- 
fairs, 411 

Andrassy  Note,  The,  a  declaration 
drawn    up    by    Austria,    Russia    and 


32 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Germany  and  presented  to  the  Porte 
(1875),  17,  419 

Andre,  a  member  of  French  Assembly 
(1791):  leader  of  the  Center,  10,  139 

Andre,  John  (1751-1780),  a  British 
officer  in  Revolutionary  War:  cap- 
ture and  death  of,  23,  276 

Andreae,  Jacob  (1528-1590),  a  German 
Protestant  theologian:  influence  of, 
16,  197 

Andreae,  Laurentius  (Lars  Ander- 
son) (1480-1552),  a  Swedish  re- 
former: made  chancellor,  16,  155 

Andreas  Suneson,  Archbishop  of  Lund 
(ca.  1219) :  at  the  battle  of  Wolmar, 
16,  86 

Andree,  Karl  Theodor  (1808-1875),  a 
German  geographer  and  journalist: 
attempts  to  find  the  North  Pole, 
16,  327 

Andres,  a  South  American  insurgent 
leader  (18th  century):  leads  Indian 
rebellion,  21,  52 

Andrew  I,  King  of  Hungary  1046- 
1060:  reign  of,  17,  50 

Andrew  II,  King  of  Hungary  1025- 
1036:  reign  of,  17,  55 

Andrew  III,  King  of  Hungary  1290- 
1301:  reign  of,  17,  60 

Andrew  (d.  1345),  King  of  Naples: 
life  of,  4,  260;  marries  Joan  of  Na- 
ples, 17,  151 

Andrew  of  Austria  (ca.  1595),  Car- 
dinal: placed  at  the  head  of  the 
temporary  government  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, 13,  165 

Andrieux,  Francois  Guillaume  Jean 
Stanislas  (1759-1833),  a  French 
dramatist:  opposes  Napoleon,  9,  319 

Androcles  (d.  411  B.  C),  an  Athenian 
demagogue:  assassinated,  2,  357 

Andronicus,  one  of  70  disciples  of 
Christ:  regarded  as  first  bishop  of 
Sirmium,  17,  14 

Andronicus  (III)  Palaeologus  (1296- 
1341),  Byzantine  Emperor,  1328- 
1341:  his  relations  with  Ottomans, 
14,  24 

Andros,  island  of  Greece:  colonization 
from,  2,  80 

Andros,  Sir  Edmund  (1637-1714),  an 
English  colonial  governor  of  New 
York    and    New    England:    assails 


Connecticut  independence,  23,  93; 
governor  of  New  England,  100;  vig- 
orous rule  of,  105;  extent  of  his 
power,  116 

Andrussoff,  Treaty  of:  see  Andrus- 
sovo 

Andrussovo,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  be- 
tween Russia  and  Poland  (1667), 
14,  244,  15,  22,  380 

Andulsian  Pirates,  The,  a  band  of 
Arabian  pirates   (813  A.  D.),  I,  352 

Ane,  legendary  King  of  Sweden:  le- 
gend of,  16,  37 

Angelico,  Fra  (1387-1455),  an  Italian 
painter:  his  effect  on  the  Renais- 
sance, 4,  283 

Angelo,  Michael:  see  Buonarotti 

Angelo  of  the  Reformation,  The  Mi- 
chael: see  Luther,  Martin 

Angermannus,  Abraham,  primate  of 
Sweden  (ca.  1592):  his  relations 
with  Sigismund,   16,   168 

Angers,  France:  taken  by  Cathe- 
lineau  (1793),  10,  270 

Angles,  a  Teutonic  tribe:  invade 
Britain  (5th  century  A.  D.),  11,  19, 
12,  250;  location  of,  18,  6 

Anglicans:  see  Episcopalians 

Anglo-American  Arctic  Expedition 
(1906),  16,  338 

Anglo-Belgian  Agreement  (1894), 
agreement  between  Great  Britain 
and  King  Leopold  of  Belgium,  19, 
202 

Anglo-French  Agreements:  (1888),  19, 
209;  (1889),  150;  (1890),  163,  212; 
(1904),  19,  246,  20,  279,  280,  281 

Anglo-German  Agreements:  (1886), 
19,  182;  (1888),  163;  (1890),  165,  173, 
177,  181,  188;  (1893),  166;  (1900),  7, 
285 

Anglo-German  Company:  formed 
(1892),  19,  176 

Anglo-Italian  Agreement  (1891),  19, 
209 

Anglo- Japanese  Alliance  (1902),  7, 
231,  289;  (1905),  11,  642 

Anglo-Portuguese  Agreements  (1890), 
between  England  and  Portugal,  to 
fix  the  eastern  limits  of  the  South 
African  Company's  claims,  19,  230, 
231,  241 

Anglo-Russian     Railway     Agreement 


GENERAL    INDEX 


SS 


(1899),  between  England  and  Rus- 
sia to  restrict  England's  railway 
rights  in  China,  7,  279 

Anglo-Saxon  Race,  the  English  race, 
originating  from  the  Teutonic  stock 
of  England:  prejudice  of,  towards 
Negro  race,  24,  874 

Anglo-Venezuelan  Boundary  Dispute 
(1840-1897),  over  boundary  between 
British  Guiana  and  Venezuela,  31, 
263 

Angola,  Portugal:  present  condition 
of,  19,  249;  under  Portuguese  rule, 
20,  298 

Angora,  Asia  Minor,  Turkey:  battle 
of  (1402),  14,  37,  48 

Angostura,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1847), 
22,  306 

Angouleme,  Louis  Antoine  de  Bour- 
bon, Duke  of  (1775-1844),  of  the 
French  royal  family:  campaign  in 
Spain,  8,  495,  9,  380 

Angra  Pequena,  southwestern  Africa: 
claimed  by  the  Dutch,  19,  38;  an- 
nexed to  Germany,  104 

Angus,  Archibald  Douglas,  Earl  of 
(1449-15 14),  Scottish  nobleman: 
plots  against  the  favorites  of  James 
III  of  Scotland,  12,  297 

Angus,  Archibald  Douglas,  Earl  of, 
( i48g?-i557),  Scottish  nobleman: 
guardian  of  James  V,  12,  303 

Anhaya,  Pedro  de  (ca.  1500),  Portu- 
guese warrior:  his  campaigns  in 
Africa,  19,  21 

Anicius,  Lucius,  (ca.  17  B.  C).  Roman 
praetor:  captures  Scodra,  3,  150 

Aniello  of  Amain,  Thomas:  see  Ma- 
saniello 

Anjou,  Arctic  explorer  of  early  19th 
century:  explorations  of,  16,  317 

Anjou,  Francis,  Duke  of  (late  16th 
century):  schemes  for  the  throne  of 
the  Netherlands,  8,  361;  offered 
sovereignty  of  the  United  Prov- 
inces, 13,  134;  death  of,  140 

Anjou,  Henry,  Duke  of:  see  Henry 
III,  King  of  France 

Anjou,  Louis,  Duke  of:  see  Louis  I, 
King  of  Naples 

Anjou,  Philip,  Duke  of:  see  Philip 
V,  King  of  Spain 


Anjou,  Rene,  Duke  of  (early  15th  cen- 
tury): claims  throne  of  Naples,  8, 
264 

Ankerstrom.  Johan  Jacob,  (1762- 
1792),  Swedish  soldier:  assassinates 
Gustavus  III  of  Sweden,  15,  189, 
16,  249 

Anna  Feodorovna  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Grand  Duchess  of  Russia, 
wife  of  Grand  Duke  Constantine: 
divorce  of,  15,  271 

Anna  Leopoldovna  (1718-1746), 
Grand  Duchess  of  Russia:  marriage 
of,  15,  109;  regency  of,  128;  banish- 
ment of,  136 

Anna  Petrovna  (1708-1728),  Grand 
Duchess  of  Russia:  marriage  of, 
15,  80;  banished  from  Russia,  96 

"  Annals  of  the  Four  Masters,"  an  old 
Irish  chronicle,  12,  7 

Annapolis,  Maryland,  U.  S.  A.:  inter- 
state commission  at,  23,  322 

Annapolis  (Port  Royal),  Nova  Scotia: 
settled,  20,  83,  23,  50;  named,  23, 
161 

Annates,  Acts  of,  religious  acts  in 
England:  (1532),  II,  250;  0534), 
252 

Anne  (1665-1714),  Queen  of  Great 
Britain,  1702-1714:  reign  of,  1 1, 
453;  joins  William  III,  430;  prom- 
ises aid  to  the  Dutch  Republic,  13, 
248;  concludes  treaty  with  Spain, 
22,  187;  death  of,  11,  466 

Anne  (nth  century).  Queen  of 
France:  marries  Henry  I  of  France, 
9.  68 

Anne  (d.  1759),  daughter  of  George  II 
of  England:  marries  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  13.  254 

Anne  of  Austria  (1601-1666),  Queen 
of  France:  marries  Louis  XIII  of 
France,  9,  179;  made  regent  of 
France,  9,  199,  13,  214 

Anne  of  Austria  (late  16th  century), 
Queen  of  Spain:  marries  Philip  II 
of  Spain,  13,  112 

Anne  of  Beaujeu  (ca.  1462-1522),  Re- 
gent of   France:  regency  of,  o,   126 

Anne  of  Bohemia  (Good  Queen 
Anne),  (1366-1394),  Queen  of  Eng- 
land,  wife   of    Richard    II:    marries 


34 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Richard  II  of  England,  n,  180,  17, 
117 

Anne  of  Brittany  (1476-15 14),  Queen 
of  France:  aided  by  England,  IX, 
225;  marries  Charles  VIII  of 
France,  9,  129,  II,  226;  marries 
Louis  XII  of  France,  9,  132;  sketch 
of,  18,  219 

Anne  of  Cleves  (1515-1557),  Queen  of 
England:  marries  Henry  VIII  of 
England,  II,  260 

Anne  of  Denmark  (1574-1619),  Queen 
of  England;  marries  James  VI  of 
Scotland,  12,  326;  Christian  IV  vis- 
its, 16,  199 

Anne  of  Hungary  (1 503-1 547),  wife 
of  Ferdinand  I  of  Austria:  betroth- 
ed to  Ferdinand  of  Austria,  17,  168, 
175;  marries  Ferdinand  I  of  Aus- 
tria, 176 

Anne  Ivanovna,  (1693-1740),  Empress 
of  Russia,  1730-1740:  reign  of,  15, 
103;  marries  Frederick  William  of 
Courland,  57;  renews  war  with  Tur- 
key, 14,  300;  form  alliance  with 
Germany,  18,  324;  adopts  Oriental 
project,  14,  313 

Annesley  Case,  The  (1719),  a  prop- 
erty law-suit  in  Ireland,  12,  171 

Annobon,  south  Atlantic  Ocean: 
ceded  to  Spain  (1778),  19,  213;  un- 
der Spanish  rule,  20,  299 

Annunzio,     Gabriele     d'     (1864 ), 

Italian  poet  and  novelist:  sketch  of, 
4,  410 

Anscarius  (801-865  A.  D.),  Frankish 
missionary  to  Denmark:  sketch  of 
16,  26,  58 

Anselm,  Saint  (1033-1109),  celebrated 
divine,  founder  of  scholastic  theol- 
ogy, Archbishop  of  Canterbury: 
addresses  letter  to  Humbert  II  of 
Savoy,  4,  273;  made  Archbishop, 
II,  84;  resists  William  Rutus,  85; 
recalled  to  England,  88;  his  quarrel 
with  Henry  I,  89 

Anshan  Chan,  Manchuria,  China:  cap- 
tured by  Japanese,  7,  310 

Anson,  George,  Baron  Anson  of  So- 
berton,  English  admiral:  born  at 
Colwich  in  Staffordshire,  April  23, 
1697;  became  a  post-captain  in  the 
royal  navy  in   1724;  was  appointed 


commander  of  an  expedition  to  the 
South  Sea  in  1740;  circumnavigated 
the  globe  and  returned  to  England, 
1744,  with  several  Spanish  prizes,  to 
the  value  of  500,0001.;  defeated  a 
French  fleet,  May,  1747,  and  for  this 
service  was  rewarded  with  the  title 
of  Baron  Anson  of  Soberton;  he 
was  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty, 
I7SI-I7S6,  and  admiral  of  the  fleet, 
1761;  died  at  Moor  Park,  Hertfort- 
shire,  June  6,  1762 

His  attempt  to  conquer  Peru  and 
Chili,  20,  119;  attempts  to  intercept 
Spanish  treasure  ship,  22,   195 

Anstruther,  R.  A.,  English  captain  of 
early  19th  century:  in  China,  6,  136 

Antalcidas,  Peace  of  (387  B.  C),  con- 
cluded between  Athens  and  Sparta, 
1,  168,  2,  404 

Antequera,  Malaga,  Spain:  battle  of 
(1273),  8,  no 

Anthemius,  Emperor  of  the  West  467- 
473  A.  D.:  reign  of,  4,  150 

Anthony  of  Bourbon  (ca.  1550),  King 
of  Navarre:  opposes  policy  of  Cath- 
erine de'  Medici,  9,  149;  death  of, 
154 

Anthony  Ulrich  (ca.  1700),  Prince  of 
Brunswick-Beveren:  marries  Anna 
Leopoldovna,  15,  109;  arrest  of,  126; 
made  general-in-chief,  128;  banish- 
ment of,  136 

Anthracite  Coal  Strike:  account  of 
(1902),  24,  105 1 

Anthropomorphism,  the  representa- 
tion of  the  deity  under  a  human 
form,  or  with  human  attributes  and 
affections:  in  Greek  mythology,  2, 
40 

Antiboul,  Girondist  deputy:  death  of 
(i#793),  10,  279 

Anti-Corn  Law  League,  an  associa- 
tion formed  (1839)  with  headquar- 
ters at  Manchester,  to  further  the 
repeal  of  the  British  corn-laws: 
formed,  11,  600;  growth  of,  605 

Anti  Costi,  British  America:  settle- 
ment of,  23,  48 

Antietam,  Battle  of:  account  of,  24, 
765;  effect  on  emancipation,  766; 
followed  by  Emancipation  Procla- 
mation, 767 


GENERAL    INDEX 


85 


Anti-Federal  Party,  in  United  States 
history  the  party  which  opposed  the 
adoption  and  ratification  of  the 
Constitution,  and  which,  failing  in 
this,  strongly  favored  the  strict  con- 
struction of  the  Constitution:  origin 
of,  23,  335;  becomes  Republican 
party,    356 

Antigonus,  (1st  century  B.  C).  a 
prince  of  Jerusalem:  revolt  of,  I, 
408 

Antigonus  (382-301  B.  C),  Mace- 
donian general:  his  share  in  Alexan- 
der's empire,  a,  512 

Antigonus  Gonatas  (310-239  B.  C.)» 
King  of  Macedon,  277-239  B.  C: 
seizes  Macedonian  throne,  a,  515 

Antilles,  The  Queen  of  the:  see  Cuba 

Anti-Masonic  Party,  in  American 
politics  a  political  party  which  op- 
posed the  alleged  influence  of  free- 
masonry in  civil  affairs  (1826): 
origin  of,  23,  408;  holds  first  con- 
vention for  presidential  nomination, 
408;  carry  Vermont,  499 

Antin,  Duke  of  (1665-1736),  French 
courtier:  president  of  the  council  of 
home  affairs,  9,  227 

Antinomians,  (1630)  in  Massachusetts, 
followers  of  Mrs.  Hutchinson,  23, 
95 

Antioch,  Asia  Minor:  Greek  culture 
in.  2,  513;  made  capital  of  Roman 
province,  526,  533;  captured  by  Sar- 
acens, 1,  285;  captured  by  forces 
of  eastern  Empire,  368;  siege  of 
(543  A.  D.),  5.  319 

Antiochus  (II)  Theos  (d.  246  B.  C), 
King  of  Syria  261-246  B.  C. :  con- 
cludes treaty  with  Asoka,  5,  71 

Antiochus  (III)  the  Great  (238-187 
B.  C),  King  of  Syria  223-187  B.  C: 
invades  Egypt,  1,  34;  defeated  by 
Romans,  2,  518;  forms  an  alliance 
with  Philip  of  Macedon,  3,  139;  war 
with  Rome,  143;  death,  145 

Antiochus  (IV)  Epiphanes  (d.  164  B. 
C),  King  of  Syria  175-164  B.  C: 
invades  Egypt,  1,  34,  404;  at  war 
with  Judah,  405;  submits  to  Roman 
interference,  3,  151 

Antiochus     (XIII)     Asiaticus,     King 


of  Syria,  1st  century  B.  C:  deposed, 
3.  274 
Antiochus  (ca.  400  B.   G),  Athenian 
admiral:  in  the  war  with  Syracuse, 

a,  369 

Antioquia,  Republic  of  Colombia:  re- 
bels against  Spanish  authority,  ai, 
56 

Antipas,  (d.  4  B.  C),  son  of  Herod 
the  Great:  reign  of,  1,  409 

Antipater,  (d.  319  B.  C),  a  Mace- 
donian general:  general  of  Alexan- 
der, 2,  488;  in  Lamian  war,  512;  his 
share  of  Alexander's  empire,  512; 
invades  Aetolia,  513 

Antipater  the  Idumaean  (d.  43  B.  C): 
procurator  of  Judea,  1,  408 

Antiphilus  (ca.  323  B.  C):  Greek 
commander,  2,  512 

Antiphon,  (480-411  B.  C),  an  Athen- 
ian orator  and  politician:  heads 
conspiracy  in  Athens,  a,  356;  exe- 
cuted, 362 

Antiqua,  island  in  the  British  West 
Indies:  English  policy  concerning, 
ao,  100;  made  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment for  the  Leeward  Islands,  245 

Antistius,  (ca.  25  B.  C),  a  Roman 
lieutenant:  his  campaigns  in  Spain, 
8,  24 

Anti-Trust  Act  (1890),  provides  that 
every  contract  or  combination  in  the 
form  of  a  trust  shall  be  deemed  il- 
legal, and  punishable  by  fine  or  im- 
prisonment: account  of,  24,  971 

Antofagasta,  South  America:  advent 
of  Chilian  emigrants  in,  21,  234;  oc- 
cupied by   Chili   (1879),  234 

Antoku  (d.  1185),  Emperor  of  Japan: 
reign  of,  7,  59;  death  of,  62 

Antonio,  (d.  1595),  King  of  Portugal: 
claims  throne,  8,  448;  proclaimed 
king,  450 

Antonines,  Age  of  the,  the  rcipns 
of  Antoninus  Pius  and  Marcus 
Aurelius,  4,  94 

Antoninus  Pius  (Titus  Aurelius  Anto- 
ninus) (86-161  A.  D.),  Emperor  of 
Rome  138-161  A.  D.:  adopted  by 
Hadrian,  4,  93;  reign  of,  94;  death, 
96;  condition  of  Spain  under,  8,  26 

Antoninus,  Wall  of:  built,  4.  95 


36 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Antonius,  Gaius  (ist  century  B.  C), 
a  Roman  politician:  Caesar  prose- 
cutes, 3,  266;  elected  consul,  281;  at 
battle   of  Dolabella,  343 

Antonius,  Marcus  (143-87  B.  C),  a 
Roman  orator  and  soldier:  com- 
missioned to  clear  the  seas  of  pir- 
ates, 3,  260;  death,  223,  260 

Antonius,  Marcus  (Mark  Antony), 
the  Triumvir,  Roman  general:  born 
in  83  B.  C;  given  command  of  the 
cavalry  of  Gabinius  in  Syria  and 
Egypt,  57  B.  C;  elected  quaestor, 
52  B.  C,  and  served  in  several  cam- 
paigns in  Gaul;  elected  tribune  of 
the  people;  became  such  a  strong 
partisan  of  Caesar  that  he  was  ex- 
pelled from  Rome  and  fled  to 
Caesar's  camp,  49  B.  C;  he  was  at 
the  battle  of  Pharsalia,  48  B.  C;  be- 
came master  of  the  horse  to  Caesar, 
47  B.  C. ;  on  the  death  of  Caesar,  he 
delivered  an  eloquent  funeral  ora- 
tion and  so  aroused  the  popular  in- 
dignation that  the  conspirators  were 
obliged  to  flee  from  Rome;  lost  the 
battle  of  Mutina,  43  B.  C;  with 
Octavius  and  Lepidus,  he  formed 
the  triumvirate,  43  B.  C;  at  his  in- 
stigation, Cicero  was  proscribed  and 
killed,  43  B.  C;  by  his  skill,  Cassius 
and  Brutus  were  defeated  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Philippi,  42  B.  C;  this  victory 
made  the  triumvirs  master  of  the 
world  and  Antonius  received  as  his 
share,  the  Asiatic  provinces  and 
Egypt;  he  was  so  captivated  with 
Cleopatra,  Queen  of  Egypt,  that  he 
neglected  public  affairs;  quarrelled 
with  Octavius  in  41  B.  C,  but  they 
were  reconciled  the  following  year 
and  Antonius  married  Octavia,  the 
sister  of  Octavius;  he  soon  divorced 
her  and  returned  to  Cleopatra;  then 
follo".ved  a  conflict  with  Octavius  in 
which  Antonius  lost  the  battle  of 
Actium;  he  fled  to  Alexandria  and 
there  committed  suicide,  August,  30 
B.  C. 

His  campaign  against  recruiting 
officers  of  Pompeius,  3,  337;  joins 
Caesar  in  Greece,  346;  puts  down  in- 
surrection of  Dolabella,  365;  offers 


the  crown  to  Caesar,  3,  369,  4,  3; 
takes  action  against  the  murderers 
of  Caesar,  4,  6;  oration  of,  at  Cae- 
sar's funeral,  7;  tyranny  of,  8;  at- 
tacks Cicero  in  the  Senate,  11;  takes 
up  arms,  12;  in  the  field,  13;  joins 
second  triumvirate,  14;  at  battle  of 
Philippi,  18;  returns  to  Italy,  19; 
relations  with  Cleopatra,  19;  mar- 
ries Octavia,  20;  defeats  Sextus 
Pompeius,  21;  campaign  of,  in  the 
East  (36  B.  C.)»  22;  life  of,  in 
Egypt,  23;  war  of,  with  Octavius, 
25;  death  of,  27 

Antrim,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1798),  12, 
213 

An-tung,  Korea:  occupied  by  the 
Japanese,  7,  267 

Antwerp,  Belgium:  battle  of  (1830), 
13,  297;  sieges  of  (1584-1585),  147; 
(1832)  9,  403,  13,  302;  cathedral  of, 
pillaged,  13,  95;  attacked  by  French 
(1S83),  139 

Anund,  King  of  Sweden,  1024-1055: 
reign  of,  16,  60 

Anville,  Due  d'  (d.  1746);  death  ofr 
23,  166 

Aoki,  Viscount  (ca.  1880),  Japanese 
statesman:  becomes  minister  of  for- 
eign affairs,  7,  190 

Aoki  Kanaiye  (15th  century),  a  Japa- 
nese artist:  skill  of,  7,  107 

Apache  Indians,  a  tribe  of  North 
American  Indians:  seize  herds  of 
the  Navajos,  23,  11 

Apafy,  Michael,  Prince  of  Transyl- 
vania (ca.  1650):  accession  of,  17, 
228 

Apennines,  mountain  system  of  Italy: 
boundary  of  Italy,  3,  3 

Aphrodite,  in  Greek  mythology,  the 
goddess  of  love  and  wedlock,  identi- 
fied by  the  Romans  with  Venus: 
adopted  from  Phoenicians,  3,  28; 
confused  attributes  of,  39;  worship- 
ped at  Cnidus,  52 

Apodaca,  Juan  Ruiz  de  (1754-1835), 
Spanish  naval  officer  and  adminis- 
trator: his  administration  as  vice- 
roy, 22,  251 

Apollo,  in  Greek  and  Roman  mythol- 
ogy, one  of  the  great  Olympian 
gods,  leader  of  the  Muses,  patron  of 


GENERAL    INDEX 


37 


the  arts:  his  oracle  at  Delphi,  2, 
12;  in  Greek  theology,  40;  Pythian 
Games  in  honor  of,  42;  Dorian 
conception  of,  50;  worshipped  by 
Doric  Hexapolis,  56;  honored  by 
Croesus,  118;  his  temple  at  Megara, 
rebuilt  by  Hadrian,  523 
Apollonia,     Illyria,    Greece:    founded, 

3.  *7 

Apollonius  of  Tyana  (4  B.  C.-07  A. 
D.) :  a  Pythagorean  philosopher  and 
reputed  magician,  4,  84 

Apologetical  Declaration  (1683),  defi- 
ance as  a  result  of  Scottish  feuds, 

1  a.  349 

Aponte,  Jose  Antonio  (ca.  1800),  Cu- 
ban rebel:  leads  revolt,  22,  451 

Apostle  of  England,  The:  see  Lati- 
mer, Hugh,  Bishop  of  Worcester 

Apostle  of  France,  The:  see  Denis, 
Saint 

Apostle  of  Hungary,  The:  see  Stephen 
(I),  Saint,   King  of  Hungary 

Apostle  of  Infidelity,  The:  see  Vol- 
taire 

Apostle  of  Liberty,  The:  see  Jeffer- 
son, Thomas 

Apostle  of  Massacre,  The:  see  Marat, 
Jean  P. 

Apostle  of  Presbytery,  The:  see 
Knox,  John 

Apostle  of  the  English  People,  The: 
see  Augustine,  Saint 

Apostle  of  the  Gauls,  The:  see  Denis 
Saint 

Apostle  of  the  Germans,  The:  see 
Boniface,  Saint 

Apostle  of  the  Goths,  The:  see  Ul- 
filas.  Saint 

Apostle  of  the  Highlanders,  The:  see 
Colomb,  Saint 

Apostle  of  the  Indians,  The:  see 
Eliot,  John 

Apostle  of  the  Irish,  The:  see  Patrick 
Saint 

Apostle  of  the  Scottish  Reformers 
The:  see  Knox,  John 

Apostolic  Kings:  see  the  kings  of 
Hungary  under  their  respective 
names 

Appeals,  Act  of  (1533),  obtained  from 
Parliament  by   Henry  VIII,  declar- 


ing that  the  king  held  the  supreme 
authority  in  England,  11,  250 

Appleton,  Captain  (ca.  1650),  English 
naval  officer:  in  the  war  with  the 
Dutch,  13,  230 

Appomattox  Court  House,  Virginia: 
Lee  and  Grant  meet  to  arrange 
terms  of  surrender,  24,  812 

Apponyi,  Count  (late  19th  century), 
Hungarian  statesman:  withdraws 
his  support  from  the  Liberals,  17, 
440;  opposes  army  changes,  444; 
in  Dr.  Wekerle's  ministry,  447 

Appuleian  Laws,  popular  measures  in 
Rome  (1st  century,  B.  C):  passed, 
3,  200;  canceled,  202 

Apraxin,  Feodor  (1671-1728),  Russian 
admiral:  at  Nappo,  15,  64;  accom- 
panies Peter  to  Persia,  79;  services 
of,  90;  in  the  supreme  privy  coun- 
cil, 95 ;  supports  Anne,  106 

Apraxin,  Stephen  (d.  1758),  Russian 
general:  estimate  of,  15,  145;  cam- 
paign of,  146;  treason  of,  147 

Apries  (Uah-ab-ra,  Hophia),  King  of 
Egypt  590-570  B.  C:  reign  of,  1, 
32 

Apulia,  eastern  Italy:  in  Rome's 
hands,  3,  70 

Aquae  Sextiae  (Aix),  France:  founded, 
3,  192;  battle  of  (102  B.  C),  3.  194. 
17,  11,  18,  4 

Aquidaban,  Paraguay:  battle  of  the 
(1870),  3i,  160 

Aquidneck:  see  Rhode  Island 

Aquileia,  Austria- Hungary:  founded, 
3.  133.  17,  "I  battle  of  (113  B.  C), 
3,  193;  under  Roman  occupation, 
17,  12;  sieges  of  (108  A.  D.),  18, 
26;  (238  A.  D.),  4.  108;  (340  A.  D.), 
123;  (394  A.  D.),  18,  35;  (452  A. 
D.),  42 

Aquileia,  Council  of  (381  A.  D.):  con- 
demns Arianism,  17,  15 

Aquillius,  Manius  (1st  century  B.  C.)i 
Roman  consul:  quells  slave  revolt 
in  Sicily,  3,  187;  encourages  upris- 
ing  of  Bithynian  king,  215 

Aquilonia,  Italy:  battle  of  (293  B.  C), 
3.  72 

Aquitania,  division  of  Gaul:  conquered 
by  Ca:sar,  3,  304 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Arabi     Bey,     Pasha     (1837 ),     an 

Egyptian   officer   and   revolutionary 
leader:    insurrection    of,    1,    39,    11, 

634 

Arabia,  Asia:  early  history  of  the 
Arabian  peninsula,  1,  183;  Arabia  be- 
fore the  coming  of  Mohammed,  189; 
Mohammed,  the  Prophet  of  Islam, 
205;  the  union  of  Arabia  under  Mo- 
hammed, 222;  Mohammed's  suc- 
cessors and  the  spread  of  Islam, 
242;  the  Moslem  conquest  of  Per- 
sia and  Syria,  259;  the  Saracens  in 
Egypt  and  Africa,  290;  the  Saracens 
in  Europe,  310;  fall  of  the  Moslem 
empire,  337;  rise  of  the  Arabs,  14, 
3,  4;  importance  of  holy  cities  of, 
135;  conquered  by  the  Turks,  136, 
164;   disorders  in,   195,  292,  19,   121 

Arad,  Diet  of  (1132):  account  of,  17, 

53 

Aragis  (8th  cent.  A.  D\),  Duke  of 
Benevento:  submits  to  Charle- 
magne, 18,  82 

Arago,  Dominique  Frangois  (1786- 
1853),  French  physicist  and  astron- 
omer: member  of  the  provisional 
government,  9,  435 

Aragon,  Kingdom  of,  Spain:  history 
of,  8,  230 

Arai  Hakuseki  (ca.  1700),  Japanese 
scholar:  sketch  of,  7,  142 

Arakhu  (500  B.  C.)»  Armenian  prince: 
revolt  of,  1,  95 

Araki  Matayemon  (ca.  1700),  Japanese 
fighter:  slays  Kawai,  7,  152 

Araktcheiev,  Count  Alexei  (1769- 
1834),  a  Russian  general  and  min- 
ister of  war:  account  of,  15,  202; 
his  influence  under  Alexander,  263 

Aram-Naharaim :  see  Mesopotamia 

Aranda,  Diego  di  (ca.  1490) :  placed 
over  a  colony  in  Hayti,  21,  8 

Aranda,  Pedro  Pablo  Abarca  y  Bolea 
Conde  de  (1718-1799),  a  Spanish 
statesman  and  diplomat:  adminis- 
tration of,  8,  420 

Aranjo,  Buenaventura,  (ca.  1845),  a 
Mexican  naval  captain:  at  the  battle 
of  Cerro  Gordo,  22,  325 

Aranjuez,  Revolution  of,  an  uprising 
of    South    American    states    against 


their   mother    countries    (ca.    1810), 
21,  54 

Aransio  (Orange),  France:  battle  of 
(105  B.  C),  3,  193;  founded,  392 

Aratus  of  Sicyon  (271-213  B.  C),  a 
Greek  statesman  and  general:  joins 
the  Achaean  League,  2,  516;  dispute 
with  Sparta,  3,   138 

Araucania,  South  America:  dispute 
over  possession  of,  21,  227 

Arbedo,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1422), 
13,  395 

Arbela,  Assyria:  captured  by  Cyrus 
(546  B.  C),  1,  94;  battle  of  (331  B. 
C.),  1,  169,  2,  496 

Arbia  River,  Italy:  battle  of  the  (ca. 
1260),  4,  215 

Arbogast  (d.  394  A.  D.),  a  Frankish 
general  in  the  Roman  service:  his 
influence  in  the  Western  Empire, 
135;  death,  4,  135;  career  of,  18,  34 

Arboleda,  Julio  (1817-1862),  a  Colum- 
bian poet  and  revolutionist:  his  ad- 
ministration as  president  of  the 
Grenadine  Confederation,  21,  86; 
death  of,  87 

Arbuthnot  (d.  1818),  a  British  settler 
in  Florida:  executed,  23,  444 

Arbuthnot  (ca.  1807),  British  minister 
to  Turkey,  14,  397 

Arcadia,  Greece:  geography  of,  2,  18; 
autochthonous  claims  of,  26 

Arcadian  League:  founded  (5th  cen- 
tury B.  C),  2,  439 

Arcadians:  revolts  of,  2,  237;  found 
League,  439;  join  Epaminondas,  440; 
found  Megalopolis,  440;  at  war  with 
Elis,  446;  fall  into  disunion,  453; 
oppose  Alexander,  486 

Arcadius  (383-408  A.  D.),  Emperor 
of  the  East  395-408  A.  D. :  asso- 
ciated with  Theodosius  in  the  Em- 
pire of  the  East,  4,  137;  accession 
of,  17,  16;  reign  of,  18,  35 

Arce,  Aniceto  (ca.  1884),  South  Amer- 
ican statesman:  president  of  Bo- 
livia, 21,  243 

Archaeology: 
AUSTRO-HUNGARY:    cut    flints, 
bronze  articles,  iron  utensils,  17,  10 
DENMARK:    under    Frederick    V, 
16,  240 


GENERAL    INDEX 


39 


ENGLAND:  flints  and  stone  imple- 
ments, ii,  3;  Stonehehge,  5 
GREECE:  general  discussion  of,  a, 
20,  22,  49;  The  Laocoon,  the  Apollo 
Belvedere  and  the  torso  of  Her- 
cules, 4,  283 

INDIA:     discoveries     under     Lord 
Curzon,  5,  280 

IRELAND:  Cross  of  Cong,  Ardagh 
Chalice,  and  the  Tara  Brooch,  12, 
9;  gold  torque  near  Tara,  14 
MEXICO:  the  "cross,"  22,  82; 
ruined  buildings,  section  of  "  Wall 
of  the  Serpents,"  Rock  of  Famine, 
83;  National  Museum,  94;  the  Aztec 
Calendar  Stone,  95 
NORTH  AMERICA:  Indian  relics, 
23,  6,  10 

SCANDINAVIA:     discoveries     in, 
16,  5 

SWITZERLAND:       flint       imple- 
ments, bones  of  mammalia,  13,  327 

Archdale,  John  (ca.  1695) :  governor 
of  the  Carolinas,  23,  74 

Archelaus  (1st  century  B.  C),  son  of 
Herod  the  Great:  reign  of,  1,  409 

Archelaus,  a  Greek  general  (ca.  85 
B.  C):  at  Chieronea,  3,  218 

Archias  of  Thebea  (d.  397  B.  C),  a 
polemarch  of  Sparta:  murdered,  2, 
424 

Archibald,  Adams  G.  (1814-1892),  a 
Canadian  politician  and  jurist:  at 
the  Quebec  convention,  20,  165 

Archibald  Bell-the-Cat:  see  Angus 
Archibald  Douglas,  Earl  of 

Archidamus,  King  of  Sparta,  469-427 
B.  C. :  reign  of,  2,  270;  invades 
Attica,  278,  282;  besieges  Platxa, 
288 

Archidamus  III,  King  of  Sparta  361- 
338  B.  C:  attempts  to  aid  Taren- 
tum,  3,  68 

Archimedes  (287-212  B.  C).  the  most 
celebrated  geometrician  of  antiquity 
3,  124 

Archinard,    Colonel,    a    French    com 
mander    in     Africa     (ca.     1890):    his 
campaigns  in  Africa,  19,  151 

Architecture: 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  Gothic 

style,   17,  61:   in  the    12th   and    13th 
centuries,    86;    under    Rudolph    IV, 


104;  under  Charles  IV,  116;  rococo 
style,  261;  buildings  of  Vienna,  416 
BABYLONIA  AND  ASSYRIA: 
description  of,  1,  102 
CHINA:  the  Great  Wall,  6,  11;  the 
Hanlin  College,  27 
DENMARK:  buildings  by  Chris- 
tian IV,  16,  200;  under  Queen 
Sophia,  238 

ENGLAND:  Westminster  Abbey 
under  Edward  the  Confessor,  11, 
64;  under  William  the  Conqueror, 
castles  and  Tower  of  London,  73; 
Norman  churches,  76;  Gothic  archi- 
tecture, 118;  early  English  architec- 
ture, 141;  perpendicular  style,  163; 
overelaboration,  231;  in  Elizabeth's 
reign,  298-299;  Italian  style,  419; 
under  Queen  Anne,  467 
FRANCE:  under  Philip  (II)  Au- 
gustus, 9,  79,  83;  under  Henry  IV, 
the  Place  Royale,  the  Pont  Neuf, 
and  facade  of  Hotel  de  Ville,  174; 
Palace  of  Versailles  under  Louis 
XV,  10,  8 

GERMANY:  effect  of  Roman  influ- 
ence, 18,  55;  Cathedral  of  Speyer, 
142;  cathedrals,  175 
GREECE:  Temple  of  Apollo,  a,  12; 
fortifications,  226;  Long  Walls  of 
Athens,  242;  public  buildings  under 
Pericles  —  the  Odeum,  Corn  Hall 
and  the  Deigma,  254;  the  Propylaea 
and  the  Parthenon,  255;  temple  of 
Hera,  298;  under  Hadrian,  temple 
of  Olympian  Zeus  and  temple  of 
Apollo,  523;  under  Marcus  Aurelius, 
temple  of  Eleusis,  523;  under  He- 
rodes  Atticus,  the  stadium  and  the- 
atre at  Regilla,  a  theatre  at  Corinth, 
an  aqueduct  at  Olympia,  523;  un- 
der Justinian,  church  at  St.  So- 
phia, 532 

HOLLAND  AND  BELGIUM: 
13th  and  14th  centuries,  13,  62 
INDIA:  Kutab  Mosque,  Kutab 
Minar.  3,  96;  Kafur's  Mosque,  100; 
Mausoleum  of  Emperor  Jahangir, 
114:  Mausoleum  of  the  Taj  Mahal, 
Moti  Masjid  Mosque,  119;  Jama 
Masjid  Mosque,  Palace  of  Delhi, 
and  Fort  Agra,  120 
IRELAND:  dwelling  houses,  ia.  9: 


40 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


churches,  33;  under  King  Brian,  41; 
Anglo-Norman,  47 
ITALY:  architecture  of  Pisa,  4, 
236;  the  cathedral  at  Pisa,  St. 
Marks,  the  Duomo,  284;  basilica  by 
Bramante  and  mausoleum  by  Mi- 
chael Angelo  Buonarotti  at  Rome, 
297;  cupola  of  St.  Peter's  by  Mi- 
chael Angelo  Buonarotti,  298 
JAPAN:  influence  of  Buddhism,  7, 
18,  33;  Kyoto,  the  capital,  39;  Bud- 
dhist temples,  Daurin-ji  and  Hojo- 
ji,  41;  Kinkaku-ji,  and  Shokoku-ji, 
93;  Ginkaku-ji,  96;  Castle  at  Ad- 
suchi,  111;  Mausoleum  at  Nikko,  7, 
127 

MEXICO:  palace  of  Montezuma, 
22,  25;  the  Teocalli,  27;  under  the 
Aztecs,  77;  by  the  Mayas,  82;  pal- 
ace of  Chapultepec,  214 
NORTH  AMERICA:  colony  of 
New  York,  23,  132;  New  England 
and  southern  colonies,  155 
PERSIA:  main  treatment,  I,  178; 
palace  of  Mashita,  5,  323;  palace  of 
Chehel  Sitton,  345 

PORTUGAL:  Church  and  Convent 
of  Mafra  by  Joam  V,  8,  471 
ROME:  aqueducts,  the  Marcia  and 
the  Calida,  3,  245;  under  Gaius  Ju- 
lius Csesar  Caligula,  the  temple  of 
Augustus,  the  theatre  of  Pompey 
and  the  aqueduct  of  Aqua  Claudia,  4, 
56;  Column  of  Trajan,  Trajan's 
Forum,  Arch  of  Trajan  and  Trajan's 
Mole,  88;  under  Hadrian,  the  temple 
of  Venus  and  Roma,  Hadrian's 
Moles,  restoration  of  the  Pantheon, 
the  temple  of  Augustus  and  baths  of 
Agrippina,  92;  under  Antoninus,  the 
completion  of  Hadrian's  temple,  the 
amphitheatre  at  Nismes,  and  the 
aqueduct  of  the  Pont  du  Gard,  95; 
under  Aurelian,  extension  of  walls 
of  Rome,  111;  see  also  ITALY 
RUSSIA:  under  Peter  the  Great, 
15,87 

SCOTLAND:  imitation  of  French 
style,  12,  308 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  by  the  Qui- 
chuas,  21,  xvi;  Buenos  Ayres,  135; 
Brazil,  165;  Falls  of  Iguazy,  under 
the  Jesuits,  317 


SPAIN:  palace  of  the  Alhambra,  8, 
no;  palace  of  the  Escurial,  373 
SWITZERLAND:  churches,  13, 
356;  Gothic  and  Renaissance  style, 
429,  455;  late  Renaissance  style,  481, 
482;  baroque  and  antique  style,  495 
TURKEY:  under  Suleiman  the 
Great,  14,  147,  187 

Archon,  Office  of:  created  at  Athens, 
2,  98;  made  subject  to  lot,  175; 
opened  to  Zeugitae,  252 

Arcis-sur-Aube,  France:  battle  of 
(1814),  9,  347 

Areola,  Italy:  battle  of  (1796),  9,  301, 
17,  282 

Arcona,  Denmark:  assault  of  (1169), 
16,  82 

Arcos,  Count,  Viceroy  of  Naples,  1646- 
1647:  taxes  fruit  in  Naples,  4,  323 

Arcot,  British  India:  siege  of  (1751), 
5,  180 

Arctinus,  a  Greek  poet  (ca.  776  B.  C.) : 
and  cyclic  poems,  2,  31 

Ardahan,  Russia:  siege  of  (1877),  15, 

335 

Ardar,  colony  in  Africa:  under  Span- 
ish rule,  20,  299 

Ardaric,  Germanic  king  (ca.  455  A. 
D.) :  unites  the  German  tribes,  18, 

43 
Ardashir   (Artaxerxes)  I  (211-ca.  241 

A.  D.),  King  of  Persia:  reign  of,  1, 
167;  son  of  Xerxes,  2,  231;  Athens 
seeks  peace  with,  250;  founds  dy- 
nasty, 5,  315 

Ardorn  (d.  1015),  King  of  Italy:  reign 

of,  4,   183 
Ardres,  France:  taken  by  the  Spanish, 

13,   163 
Arduin,  King  of  Lombardy  (Marquis 

of  Ivrea),  1002-1013:  career  of,  18, 

121 
Ardys  II,  King  of  Lydia  (7th  century, 

B.  C.) :  becomes  a  vassal  of  Sar- 
danapallos,  1,  145,  2,  116 

Areche,  Jose  (18th  century),  Mexican 
government  official:  investigates  the 
executive  conduct  of  the  Marques 
de  Cruillas,  22,  203 

Areche,  Jose  Antonio  de  (ca.  1750), 
Peruvian  official:  orders  the  execu- 
tion of  the  cacique,  Condorquanqui, 
31,  SI 


GENERAL    INDEX 


41 


Arelat:  see  Burgundy 

Arelate  (Aries),  Roman  -colony  on  the 
Danube:  founded,  3,  392 

Aremberg  (Arenberg),  John  of  Ligne, 
Count  of  (1525-1568),  Spanish  otii- 
cer:  death  of,  13,  109 

Arenas,  Antonio  (ca.  1850),  Peruvian 
patriot:  candidate  for  the  presi- 
dency (1872),  ai,  210 

Areopagus:  council  of  Athens,  a,  98; 
cedes  political  duties  to  Boule,  106; 
humbled  by  Pericles  and  Ephialtes, 
239 

Arequipa,  Peru:  battles  of  (1845),  ai, 
109;  (1867),  209 

Aretas  (1st  century  B.  C),  king  of 
the  Nabateans:  refuses  to  acknowl- 
edge supremacy  of  Rome,  3,  274; 
besieges  Jerusalem,  274 

Argaum,  India:  battle  of  (1803),  5, 
136 

Argeians,  Homeric  Greeks:  in  Egypt- 
ian inscriptions,  a,  33 

Argenson,  Marc  Rene  Voyer,  Count 
d'  (1652-1721),  French  politician: 
made  chancellor,  9,  230 

Argentine  Republic,  South  America: 
from  1820  to  1876,  ai,  118;  from 
1876  to  1906,  256 

Arghun,  Persian  ruler  1284-1291: 
reign  of,  5,  335 

Arginusae,  islands  off  the  coast  of 
Asia  Minor:  battle  of  (406  B.  C.)t 
2,  372 

Argo,  legendary  ship  which  bore  the 
Argonauts,  a,  9 

Argolis,  Peloponnesus,  Greece:  geog- 
raphy of,  a,  16 

Argonne,  France:  campaign  of  the 
(1792),  10,  209 

Argos,  Argolis,  Greece:  situation  of, 
a,  10;  in  Dorian  legend,  48;  in 
Poloponnesus,  58;  struggle  with 
Sparta,  74;  resists  Sparta,  76;  reduc- 
tion of,  77;  wars  with  Sparta,  156, 
^37,  323.  398:  allied  to  Epaminon- 
das,  440;  allied  with  Philip  of  Mace- 
don,  470 

Argun,  Mongolia,  China:  occupied  by 
Russia,  7,  285 

"Argus,"  American  frigate:  captured 
by  "Pelican"  (1813),  23,  424 

Argyle,  Archibald   Campbell,   Earl   of 


(d.  1513):  commissioned  to  keep  or- 
der in  the  west,  ia,  299 

Argyle,  Archibald  Campbell,  Duke  of 
(1598-1661):  death  of,  ia.  345 

Argyle,  Archibald  Campbell,  Earl  of 
(1620-1685):  execution  of,  IX,  422, 
12.  349.  350 

Argyle,  John  Campbell,  Duke  of  (The 
Good  Duke  of  Argyle)  (1678-1743), 
Scottish  general  and  statesman: 
crushes  rebellion  of  Mar  (1716),  IX, 
470,  1  a,  362 

Argyle,  The  Good  Duke  of:  see  Ar- 
gyle, John  Campbell,  Duke  of 

Ariarathes,  King  of  Cappadocia,  1st 
century  B.  C. :  murdered,  3,  215 

Arica,  port  in  Peru:  declared  a  com- 
mon port  for  Bolivia  and  Peru,  21, 
188;  taken  by  the  Chilians  (1880), 
237;  given  to  Chili  (1883),  238; 
taken  by  the  Congressionalists 
(1891),  239 

Aricia,  Italy:  siege  of  (506  B.  C),  3. 
56;  loses  its  independence,  67 

Ariminum,  Italy:  battle  of  (236  B.  C). 
3,  109;  captured  by  Cinna  Marius, 
223 

Ariminum,  Council  of:  proclaims  the 
Arian  heresy  and  makes  it  the  pre- 
dominant faith,  4,  126 

Ariobarzanes  I,  King  of  Cappadocia 
(beginning  of  1st  century  B.  C.) : 
elected  king,  3,  215 

Ariobarzanes  III,  King  of  Cappadocia, 
51-42  B.  C:  receives  lesser  Armenia, 

3.  354 

Ariobarzanes  (4th  century  B.  C), 
Persian  satrap:  last  hero  of  Persia, 
a,  498 

Ariobarzanes,  son  of  Mithradates:  in- 
vades Cappadocia  (89  B.  C).  3.  215 

Arion,  Baltasar  de  Zuniga,  Duke  of 
(early  18th  century),  Mexican  vice- 
roy: his  administration  as  viceroy 
of  New  Spain,  22,  188 

Ariosto,  Ludovico  (1474-1533),  Italian 
poet :  sketch  of,  4,  319 

Ariovistus  (ca.  60  B.  C),  German 
chief:  aids  the  Sequani,  3.  300,  18. 
10;  defeated  by  C;esar,  3.  302,  9,  8, 
18,  12 

Arismendi,  General  (ca.  1875),  leader 
in  Guiana:  leads  rebellion,  ai,  101 


42 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Arista,  Mariano  (1802-1855),  Mexican 
general:  demands  that  Taylor  with- 
draw from  disputed  territory,  24, 
546;  court-martialed,  547 

Aristagoras  (d.  497  B.  C):  tyrant  of 
Miletus,  2,  133;  slain,  136 

Aristeides  (d.  468  B.  C.)»  Athenian 
statesman  and  general:  rise  of,  2, 
159;  ostracized,  176;  at  Salamis, 
201;  heads  Athenian  squadron,  222; 
starts  the  Confederacy  of  Delos, 
227;  his  political  reforms,  230 

Aristeus  (5th  century  B.  C.)  Corinth- 
ian general  at  Potidaea,  2,  269;  slain, 
284 

Aristides  (2nd  century  A.  D.),  Chris- 
tian scholar:  attempts  to  convert 
Hadrian  to  Christianity,  4,  92 

Aristcbulus,  high  priest  of  Jerusalem, 
103-102  B.  C:  reign  of,  I,  407 

Aristobulus  II,  King  of  Judaea,  ca.  70 
B.  C:  civil  war  with  his  brother,  3, 
274 

Aristocracy:  in  Homeric  Greece,  2,  36; 
in  America,  23,  131;  in  the  South, 
24,  586 

Aristodemus  (8th  century  B.  C),  Do- 
rian hero:  legend  of,  2,  48,  61; 
national  hero  of  Messenia,  72;  of 
Cumae,  95 

Aristomenis  (7th  century  B.  C),  Mes- 
senian  national  hero:  in  Second 
Messenian  War,  2,  74 

Aristophanes  of  the  Revolution,  The: 
see  Desmoulins,  Camille 

Aristoteles  (ca.  650  B.  C):  made 
Libyan  king,  2,  87 

Aristotle  (384-322  B.  C.)»  most  famous 
Greek  philosopher,  founder  of  Peri- 
patetic school:  tutor  of  Alexander, 
2,  484;  believes  the  earth  to  be  a 
sphere,  23,  22 

Aristozeiton  (ca.  500  B.  C),  Athenian 
patriot:  attacks  Peisistratidae  at 
Athens,  2,  112 

Arisugawa,  Prince  (ca.  1850),  of  the 
Japanese  noble  family:  made  com- 
mander-in-chief of  army,  7,  169; 
commissioned  to  quell  rebellion  of 
Saigo,  179 

Arms  (256-336  A.  D.),  celebrated  pres- 
byter of  Alexandria,  the  founder  of 
Arianism:   Constantius  accepts  doc- 


trine of,  4,  125;  his  doctrines  con- 
demned at  the  councils  of  Sirmium 
and  Aquileia,  17,  15 

Arivald,  King  of  the  Lombards,  625 
A.  D.:  reign  of,  4,  168 

Arizona,  one  of  the  United  States: 
bought  by  the  United  States,  22, 
381;  added  to  the  United  States,  24, 
552;  Gadsden  Treaty,  641;  refused 
admission,  1054;  admission  to  the 
Union  considered,  1083 

"Ark,"  an  English  vessel:  brings  set- 
tlers to  Maryland,  23,  70 

Arkansas  (means  "  a  bow  of  smoky 
waters ")  one  of  the  United  States, 
called  the  Bear  State:  territorial 
government,  23,  453;  delegates 
withdraw  from  Democratic  conven- 
tion, 24,  679;  joins  Confederacy, 
720;  reconstructed,  833;  Brooks  and 
Baxter  struggle  in,  872;  end  of  car- 
petbag rule,  873;  Presidential  elec- 
tion  of   1904,    1072 

Arkansas  River,  Arkansas:  Florida 
boundary,  23,  445 

Arkinholm,  Scotland:  battle  of  (1454), 
13,  295 

Arklow,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1798),  12, 
212 

Arkwright,  Sir  Richard  (1732-1792), 
an  English  inventor:  inventions  of, 

«,  533 

Aries,  France:  sieges  of  (731  A.  D.),  1, 
335;  (506  A.  D.),  9,  20 

Aries:  see  Arelate 

Arlington,  Henry  Bennet,  Earl  of 
(1618-1685),  an  English  politician: 
sketch  of,  11,  393;  receives  grant  of 
Virginia  with  Culpepper,  23,  64 

Arlington  Heights,  Virginia:  Federal 
troops  recapture,  24,  731 

Armada,  The  Invincible,  a  Spanish 
fleet  sent  against  England  1588:  de- 
struction of,  8,  364,  11,  295,  13,  153, 
23.  54;  effect  of  defeat  on  Dutch 
navigation,  23,  101 

Armagnac,  Bernard  VII,  Count  of 
(d.  1418),  an  Italian  leader,  Consta- 
ble of  France:  at  war  with  the 
Duke  of  Burgundy,  9,  no;  made 
regent  of  France,  112;  leader  of  feu- 
dal party  in  France,  II,  194;  death 
of,  11,  199 


GENERAL    INDEX 


43 


Arraais:  see  Hor-«m-heb 

Armand   (ca.    1830),  a   French  editor: 

opposes  the  decrees  of  July  25,  1830, 

9.  300 
Armendariz,     Miguel     Diaz     de     (ca. 

1540):  commissioned  to  enforce  the 

aborigine  laws  in  the  West  Indies, 

22,   no 
Armenia,  Asia:  Turkish  conquests  in, 

14,  158;  description  of,  497 
Armfeldt,   Baron  Karl   (1 666-1 736),  a 

Swedish  general:   campaign  of,   15. 

64 

Arminius,  chief  of  the  tribe  of  the 
Cherusci:  born  in  18  B.  C;  he  led 
the  Cherusci  as  auxiliaries  of  the 
Roman  legions  in  Germany  and  so 
learned  the  Roman  language,  was 
admitted  to  the  freedom  of  the  city 
and  enrolled  among  the  equites; 
led  a  successful  revolt  of  his  coun- 
trymen in  9  A.  D.;  defended  his 
country  against  Germanicus,  14  A. 
D.;  defeated  by  Germanicus,  16  A. 
D.;  assassinated  as  the  result  of  a 
conspiracy,  at  A.  D. 

Defeats  Maroboduus,  17,  13;  de- 
feats Varus,  4,  44*  18,  17;  power 
weakened,  4,  47 

Arminius,  Jacob  (Jakobus  Harmen- 
sen)  (1560-1609),  a  Dutch  theolo- 
gian: leads  Arminian  movement  in 
theology,  13,  193 

Arms,  Armour: 
GENERAL:  invention  of  gun-pow- 
der, 4,  255 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:        ancient 
weapons,  17,  26,  42;  introduction  of 
breech-loading  rifle,  403 
BOHEMIA:  introduction  of  "thun- 
der-guns," 18,  207 

CHINA:  in  the  19th  century,  6,  208, 
246,  254 

EGYPT:  saber  and  bow,  14,  132 
ENGLAND:   weapons  of   Neolithic 
age,  bronze  weapons,  11,  4,  5;  two- 
handed    axe,    66;    bow    and    arrow, 
158,  161 

GERMANY:  in  the  17th  century, 
14,  239,  18,  281;  modern  equipment, 
18,  229;  artillery  under  Maximilian, 

231 

GREECE:  under   Iphicrates,  3,  402 


INDIA:  among  the  non-Aryans,  5, 
25;  improved  rifle,  250 
IRELAND:  among  the  early  tribes, 
12,  20 

JAPAN:  firearms,  7,  104;  sword, 
147,  182;  under  the  Edo  government, 

151 

MEXICO:    under    Montezuma,    22, 
25;  Aztec  weapons,  87 
NORMANDY:  lance,  bow  and  ar- 
row, ix,  66 

NORTH  AMERICA:  Indian  weap- 
ons, 23,  14,  15 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  at  the  out- 
break of  the  revolution,  21,  57;  na- 
tive weapons  in  the  Plain  of  the 
Amazon,  311 

SPANISH  PENINSULA:  in  early 
times,  8,  5 

TURKEY:  artillery,  14,  77,  94.  176; 
in  the  16th  century,  144;  in  the  17th 
century,  239;  neglect  of  improve- 
ments, 299;  European  artillery,  379 

Arms,  The  Assize  of  (1181),  issued  by 
Henry  II,  11,  108 

Arms  Act  (1843),  forbade  possession 
of  arms  except  by  license,   ix,  604 

Armstead,  Lewis  Addison  (1817- 
1863),  a  Confederate  general: 
wounded  in  Pickett's  charge,  24, 
782 

Armstrong,  John  (ca.  1525),  a  Scottish 
freebooter:  death  of,  12,  303 

Armstrong,  John  (1 725-1 795),  an 
American  general:  captures  Kittan- 
ning,  23,  184;  in  expedition  against 
Fort  Du  Cjuesne,  190 

Army: 
AFRICA     (SOUTH      BRITISH): 
Boer  method  of  warfare,  19,  282 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:    the    Mag- 
yar State,   17,  42;  military   service, 
49;    military    reforms    under    Maria 
Theresa,  17,  262,  18,  347 
CARTHAGE:    military    system,    3, 

97 

CHINA:  reform  of,  6,  254,  290;  for- 
eign troops,  306 

DENMARK:  compulsory  military 
service,  16,  235 

ENGLAND:  war-band,  11.  33.  5H 
military  organization  by  Aelfred  the 
Great,  44;  feudal  system  under  Wil- 


44 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Ham  the  Conqueror,  74;  scutage  in 
lieu  of  service,  99;  Assize  of  Arms, 
108;' mercenaries,  128;  in  the  16th 
century,  296,  297;  archers,  158,  160, 
161,  198;  army  raised  by  Charles  I, 
337;  the  New  Model  Army,  351; 
cavalry,  356;  Pride's  Purge,  360;  the 
Long  Parliament  and  the  militia, 
366;  Richard  Cromwell  and  the  mili- 
tia, 373;  the  Rump  and  the  militia, 
374;  disbandment,  381;  the  Mutiny 
Act,  435;  European  method  in  Brit- 
ish Africa,  19,  282;  method  with  In- 
dians, 23,  178 

FRANCE:  under  Philip  (II)  Augus- 
tus, 9,  79;  free  archers,  117;  army  of 
the  First  Republic,  285;  military  ap- 
pendages under  Louis  XVIII,  357; 
discontent  under  Louis  XVIII,  358, 
359;  garde  mobile,  457;  compulsory 
service,  471;  reorganization,  474; 
under  the  Old  Regime,  10,  7;  in  the 
Revolution,  54,  91;  military  organ- 
ization, 164,  165;  during  the  Reign 
of  Terror,  273;  levy,  341;  "amalga- 
mation," 343;  military  conscription 
under  the  Directory,  402;  Napo- 
leon's tactics,  383,  479,  484;  Legion 
of  Honor  under  Napoleon,  449; 
cavalry,  11,  158,  161,  198 
GAUL:  military  system,  3,  298,  9,  7 
GERMANY:  Roman  conscriptions, 
18,  24;  under  Charlemagne,  83,  87; 
military  system  of  Henry  the  Fow- 
ler, 106;  diet  refuses  military  force, 
228;  under  Frederick  the  Great,  334, 

344 

GREECE:  Spartan  system,  2,  68; 
under  Xerxes,  181;  system  of  Epa- 
minondas,  433;  reorganization  by 
Philip  II,  458;  modern  regulations, 
550 

HUNGARY:  under  Mathias  Hun- 
yady,  17,  162;  defective  military  sys- 
tem, 187;  see  also  AUSTRIA-HUN- 
GARY 

INDIA:  reform  in  military  system, 
5,  272,  280 

IRELAND:  Anglo-Norman  method, 
11,  47;  Irish  military  method,  12, 
47;  quartering,  19,  63;  service  in 
America,   181;   volunteers,   182,   192 


ITALY:  military  system  of  cities,  4, 
251;  new  military  school,  253 
JAPAN:  in  the  Hei-an  Epoch,  7, 
51;  under  the  Kamakura  govern- 
ment, 77,  78;  military  nobles,  109; 
military  classes,  127,  147;  qualities 
of  her  soldiers,  281;  European  sys- 
tem, 6,  246 

MEXICO:  military  system,  22,  88; 
under  Don  Manuel  Flores,  215 
NORTH  AMERICA:  Indian 
method,  23,  178;  Colonies,  Conti- 
nental Army,  230,  231,  233;  colonial 
militia,  234,  247 
PARTHIAN  EMPIRE:  system  of, 

3,  323 

PERSIA:  reform  in  military  sys- 
tem, 5,  343 

POLAND:  under  Stephen  Batory, 
King  of  Poland,  17,  221 
PORTUGAL:  under  Joam  IV,  8, 
462;  reforms  in,  526;  disbanded,  528; 
qualities  of  soldiers,  533 
PRUSSIA:  military  reorganization, 
10,  487 

ROME:  system,  3,  18,  324;  military 
reorganization  by  Gaius  Marius, 
196;  decay  of  military  discipline, 
209;  decay  of  militia,  261;  Caesar's 
army,  334;  decay  of  military  sys- 
tem, 373;  military  reorganization  by 
Caesar,  374 

RUSSIA:  early  military  customs, 
15,  7;  Western  influence,  14;  revolt 
of  the  strelitz,  26;  reorganization  of 
military  system,  41;  improvement  of 
military  system  by  Miinnich,  113; 
attempt  to  reorganize  the  Cossacks, 
166;  insurrection  of  Cossacks  under 
Pugatchev,  168;  reorganization  of 
troops  by  Potemkin,  183;  condition 
of  forces  in  the  retreat  from  Mos- 
cow, 250,  254;  military  colonies,  263 
SCOTLAND:  foot-men,  12,  280 
SOUTH  AMERICA:  in  Bolivia,  21, 
186;  in  Brazil,  253;  in  Ecuador,  107; 
in  Paraguay,  152 

SPAIN:  under  the  Goths,  8,  55;  se- 
dition, 13,  116,  117,  118;  decline  of, 
8,   428;   increase  of,  429;   mutinous, 
491;  discontent  in,  516 
SWEDEN:     military     service     by 


GENERAL    INDEX 


i:> 


nobles,  16,  105;  mutiny,  248;  under 
Bernadottc,  254 

SYRIA    and    EGYPT:   the    Mame- 
lukes, 14,  127 

TURKEY:  standing  army  under 
Alaeddin,  14,  18;  organization  of 
the  Janissaries,  19,  93,  251;  military 
system,  22;  under  Murad  (Amurath) 
I,  30;  superiority  in  the  15th  century, 
94;  turbulence  of  Janissaries,  120, 
150,  203,  212;  character  of  soldiers, 
183;  mutiny  of  the  Spahis,  216:  in- 
fantry, 262;  mutiny  of  the  Janis- 
saries, 293;  attempt  to  reform  army 
by  Capudan  Pasha  Hassan,  342; 
military  system,  370;  European  sys- 
tem, 378,  402,  409,  418,  441;  rebel- 
lious Janissaries,  387,  304,  399,  402; 
destruction  of  the  Janissaries,  417; 
desertion,  436;  admission  of  Chris- 
tians, 471;  efficiency  of,  477 
UNITED  STATES:  reduction  of, 
*3»  393'.  reorganization,  41K;  condi- 
tion at  the  outbreak  of  the  War  of 
1812,  419;  school  for  soldiers,  433; 
under  Roosevelt,  24,  1073 

Army  of  God  and  the  Holy  Church 
( 1 2 1 5 ) ,  11,  126 

Army  of  the  Cumberland:  commanded 
by  Slocum,  24,  804 

Army  of  the  Potomac:  commanded  by 
McClellan,  24,  757;  demoralized  by 
change  of  commanders,  778; 
strength  of,  when  Grant  assumed 
command,  787 

Army  of  the  Tennessee:  commanded 
by  Howard,  24,  804 

Army  of  Virginia:  under  Pope's  com- 
mand, 24,  762 

Araaud,  Vincent  (ca.  1730),  French 
official  at  Malta:  befriends  Tofal 
Osman,  14,  296 

Arndt,  Ernst  Moritz  (1769-1860),  Ger- 
man poet  and  writer:  writes  pa- 
triotic hymns,  17,  295;  his  efforts 
to    liberate   Germany,    18,   375,   281, 

394 
Arnfast,  Bishop  of  Aarhus  (ca.  1260), 

Scandinavian  divine:   sketch  of,   16, 

96 
Arnheim,    Baron    Johann    Georg    von 

(1581-1641),    German    diplomat    and 


general:  in  the  Thirty  Years'  War, 

18,  285 

Arnold,  Benedict  (1741-1801),  Ameri- 
can Revolutionary  general  and  trai- 
tor: treason  of,  11,  519,  23,  275; 
joins  American  troops  at  Boston, 
23,  228;  estimate  of,  234;  in  expe- 
dition against  Canada,  234;  relieves 
Fort  Stanwix,  254;  quarrels  with 
Gates,  255;  defeats  British  at  Free- 
man's farm,  255;  at  battle  of  Bemis 
Heights,  255;  in  English  service, 
277;  devastates  Connecticut,  285 

Arnold  of  Brescia  (1100-1155),  Italian 
religious  reformer  and  political  agi- 
tator: doctrines  of,  4,  221,  18,  146; 
death  of,  148 

Arnoul  (ca.  1470),  Duke  of  Guelders: 
sells  his  duchy  to  Charles  the  Rash 
of  Burgundy,  13,  45 

Arnulf  (850-899  A.  D.),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor:  defeats  the  Normans 
(891),  13,  21,  16,  23;  receives  duchy 
of  Carinthia,  18,  97;  becomes  kin« 
of  Germany,  98;  crowned  emperor, 
100 

Arnulf  the  Bad,  Duke  of  Bavaria  (ca. 
900  A.  D.):  purchases  peace  with 
the  Hungarians  (907),  18,  100;  de- 
fies Conrad,  104;  acknowledges 
Henry  I  of  Germany,  105;  allied 
with  Henry  the  Fowler,  17,  62 

Arnulf  (580-640  A.  D),  Bishop  of 
Metz  611:  rebellion  of,  9,  31;  edu- 
cates Dagobert,  18,  65 

Arnulf  of  Pannonia  (ca.  875  A.  D.): 
his  struggle  with  Svatopluk,  17,  35 

Aroer:   sec   Karkar 

Aroostook  War,  collision  between 
the  settlers  of  Maine  and  New 
Brunswick  (1842),  24,  530 

Arpad,  Syria:  siege  of  (740  B.  C),  1, 
393 

Arpad,  Magyar  chieftain  (d.  907  A. 
D.):  death  of,  17,  43 

Arques,  France:  battle  of  (1589),  9, 
167 

Arran,  Earls  of:  see  Boyd  and  Ham- 
ilton 

Arrangoiz,  General  (ca.  1850).  Mexi- 
can general:  concludes  an  armistice 
with  General  Scott,  22.  352 


46 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Arras,  France:  sieges  of  (1640),  9, 
194;  (1654),  206 

Arras,  Treaties  of:  concluded  between 
Charles  VII  of  France  and  Philip 
of  Burgundy  (1435),  9,  *}7,  13,  4*i 
concluded  between  Louis  XI  of 
France  and  the  states  of  Flanders 
and  Maximilian  I  (1482),  9,  125,  II, 
219 

Arredondo  (ca.  1870),  South  Ameri- 
can insurrectionist:  joins  insurrec- 
tion of  Mitre,  ai,  135 

Arretium,  ancient  Etruria,  Italy:  bat- 
tle of  (285  B.  C),  3,  75 

Arrow,  The,  English  ship:  seizure  of 
(1856),  by  the  Chinese,  6,  158 

Arrow,  The  Pointed:  see  Jackson, 
Andrew 

Arroyo  Grande,  Uruguay,  South 
America:   battle   of    (1842),   31,    139 

Arroyo  Hondo,  New  Mexico:  massa- 
cre of  (1847),  22,  305 

Arruntius,  Lucius  (d.  37  A.  D.),  Ro- 
man consul  6  A.  D.:  death  of,  4,  S3 

Arsames  (ca.  333  B.  C),  Persian  sa- 
trap: 2,  491 

Arschot:  see  Aerschot 

Arses,  King  of  Persia,  339  B.  C:  reign 
of,  i,  168 

Arsilla,  Africa:  siege  of  (1471),  8,  316 

Arsites  (ca.  334  B.  C),  Persian  satrap: 
commands  against  Alexander,  2, 
488 

Art  (Painting  and  Sculpture): 

ASSYRIA  and  BABYLONIA:  de- 
scription of,  I,  103 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  in  the  13th 
century,   17,  86;  first  school  of  art 
in  Bohemia,  116;  under  Charles  VI, 
192;  destruction  by  Joseph  II,  268; 
in  the  19th  century,  415 
BELGIUM:  Flemish  school,  13,  220 
CHINA:  in  the  17th  century,  6,  39 
ENGLAND:   Van   Dyck  and   Lely, 
II,  418;  under  Queen  Anne,  466 
GREECE:    works    of    Pheidias,    3, 

255 

HOLLAND  and  BELGIUM:  John 

of  Bruges,  13,  63 

INDIA:  traces  of  the  Greeks,  5,  71 

IRELAND:    description    of,    12,   8; 

the  Cross  of  Cong,  47 

ITALY:  "David"  by  Donatello,  4, 


284;  Doors  of  Baptistry  at  Flor- 
ence by  Lorenzo  Ghiberti,  284; 
bronze  statue  of  Julius  II  by  Mi- 
chael Angelo  Buonarotti,  297;  pic- 
tures on  walls  and  roof  of  Sistine 
Chapel  at  Rome  by  Michael  Angelo 
Buonarotti,  297;  the  Transfiguration 
by  Raphael  Sanctius,  299;  Leonardo 
da  Vinci,  298;  Bernini,  Giovanni 
Lorenzo,  411;  Daedalus  and  Icarus, 
Cupid  and  Psyche,  group  of  Her- 
cules and  Lycas,  Theseus  with  the 
Centaur  by  Canova,  411;  Nicola  of 
Pisa,  Cimabue,  Giotto  Fra  Angelico, 
Botticelli,  Benozzo  Gozzoli,  Ghir- 
landaio,  Petro  Perugino,  Francia, 
Lorenzo  Corta,  Michael  Angelo, 
Leonardo  da  Vinci,  Raphael,  Gior- 
gione,  Titian  and  Correggio,  413 
JAPAN:  in  the  6th  century  A.  D., 
7,  18;  statue  of  Buddha,  32,  125;  in 
the  Nara  Epoch,  33;  forging,  81; 
Japanese  artists,  106;  metal  work, 
107;  lacquer  work,  107 
LYDIA:  description  of,  1,  149 
PERSIA:  description  of,  1,  177;  un- 
der the  Sassanian  Dynasty,  5,  323 
SCANDINAVIA:  Fogelberg,  16, 
264 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  Brazil,  21, 
165;  Ecuador,  106;  Paraguay,  20,  96 
SWITZERLAND:  arts  at  St.  Gall, 
*3,  343;  carvings  and  painted  glass, 
429,  451,  454,  455 

Artabazus,  a  Persian  general  (ca.  480 
B.  C):  satrap,  2,  205,  211 

Artaphernes  (ca.  500  B.  C),  Satrap  of 
Lydia,  2,  133,  158 

Artaphernes  the  Younger  (ca.  490  B. 
C),  2,  163 

Artavelde,  Jacob  van,  Flemish  dema- 
gogue: born  at  Ghent,  1285;  became 
a  rich  brewer  and  by  his  eloquence 
and  talents  acquired  influence  and 
popularity;  formed  an  alliance  with 
Edward  III  of  England,  1335;  be- 
came president  of  Flanders  about 
1337;  induced  the  Flemings  to 
recognize  Edward  III  as  king  of 
France,  1340;  he  was  killed  by  the 
populace,  July  9,  1345 

Leads    insurrection    of    Ghent,    9, 
33,  13,  33,  17,  158;  death  of,  34 


GENERAL    INDEX 


47 


Artaveldc,  Philip  van  .(1340-1382),  a 
Flemish  popular  leader:  leads  insur- 
rection in  Ghent,  13,  34;  death  of, 

35 

Artaxerxes  I:  see  Ardashir 

Artaxerxes  (II)  Mnemon  (405-361  B. 
C),  King  of  Persia:  reign  of,  1, 
167;  succeeds  Darius,  a,  388;  claims 
the  cities  of  Asia,  405 

Artaxerxes  (III)  Okhos,  King  of  Per- 
sia, 361-338  B.  C:  his  conquest  of 
Egypt,  I,  33 

Arteaga  (ca.  i860),  a  Mexican  gen- 
eral:   in   the    Reform   War,   aa,   383 

Artemis,  a  Greek  mythological  god- 
dess: confused  attributes  of,  a,  39; 
worshipped  at  Ephesus,  52 

Artemisia  (ca.  480  B.  C.),  Queen  of 
Halecarnassus:  advises  Darius,  a, 
202 

Artemisium,  Greece:  battle  of  (480  B. 
C.),  a,  189 

Artemius:  see  Anastasius 

Arteta,  South  American  statesman: 
president  of  Ecuador  (1867-1868), 
ai,  116 

Arthur,  King,  legendary  King  of  Brit- 
ain: legend  of,  11,  24 

Arthur,  Port:  see  Port  Arthur 

Arthur,  Prince  (1 187-1203),  count  of 
Brittany:  claims  throne  of  England, 
9,  76,  11,  121;  murdered,  11,  122 

Arthur,  Prince  of  Wales,  1486-1502: 
marriage  and  death,  11,  229 

Arthur,  Chester  A.  (1830-1886),  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  Sept.  19, 
1881-1885:  nominated  Vice  Presi- 
dent, 34,  929;  accession  to  Presi- 
dency, 935;  reconstructs  cabinet, 
936;  candidate  for  President  (1884), 
042;  vetoes  Chinese  bill,  958;  con- 
cludes treaty  with  Nicaragua,  959 

Articles  of  Confederation,  the  first  in- 
strument of  government  of  the 
United  States:  adopted  (1777),  33, 
298;  rejected,  321;  defects  of,  325 

Artigas,  Jos*  (1755-1851),  a  South 
American  revolutionary  general:  ac- 
knowledged as  head  of  the  Banda 
Oriental,  ai,  70;  death  of,  119 

Artois,  Count  de:  see  Charles  X,  King 
of  France 

Artois,  Robert,  Count  d'  (1250-1302), 


French  soldier:  his  campaign  in  Na- 
varre, 8,  208 

Artour,  General,  a  French  general 
(ca.  1635):  sent  to  the  assistance  of 
Piedmont,  4,  322 

Arundel,  Earl  of  (d.  ca.  1395):  wins 
naval  victory,  11,  181;  takes  arms 
against  Richard,  181;  executed,  184 

Arundel,  Thomas  (1353-1413),  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury:  banished,  11, 
184 

Arverni,  a  Gallic  tribe:  league  of,  3. 
298;  joins  Gallic  rebellion,  306;  at 
war  with  the  /Edni,  18,  10 

Aryans,  members  of  Indo-European 
race:  in  India,  5,  36;  exodus  of  the, 
ao,  5 

Arzema,  queen  of  Persia:  deposed,  1, 

259 
Asan,  Korea:  battle  of  (1804),  6,  266 
A sana  Naganori  (ca.  1700),  a  Japanese 

feudal  chief:  story  of,  7,  152 
Asano  Naganori  (ca.  1700),  a  Japanese 

ese  leader:  at  battle  of  Sekigahara, 

7.   123 

Asbjorn  Estridsen  (ca.  1050),  a  Dan- 
ish naval  commander:  invades  Eng- 
land, 16,  68 

Ascension  Island,  Atlantic  Ocean:  oc- 
cupied by  Great  Britain,  19,  213; 
sketch  of,  20,  263 

Asculum,  Italy:  massacre  of  all  resi- 
dent Romans,  3,  206 

Asellio  (1st  century  B.  C),  urban 
pretor:  murdered,  3,  209 

Asfeld,  Marquis  d'  U667-1743),  French 
general:  his  campaign  in  Germany, 
9.  236 

Ashanti,  West  Africa:  annexed  by 
England  (1901),  19,  159 

Ashbourne  Acts  (1885,  1888),  attempt 
to  settle  land  question  in  Ireland, 
1  a,  242 

Ashburton,  Alexander  Baring,  Lord 
(1774-1848),  English  merchant  and 
statesman:  negotiates  settlement  of 
Northeast  Boundary  Dispute,  24, 
531;  refuses  to  negotiate  settlement 
of  Northwest  Boundary  Dispute, 
542 

Ashburton  Treaty,  concluded  (1842) 
between  United  States  and  Great 
Britain,  24.  531 


48 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Ashikaga  Mochiuji,  Japanese  adminis- 
trator (1425):  revolt  of,  7,  95 

Ashikaga  Motouji,  son  of  Takauji  (ca. 
1400):  at  Kamakura,  7,  92;  joins  re- 
bellion of  Ouchi  Yoshihiro,  95 

Ashikaga  Takauji  (d.  1357),  Japanese 
lord:  his  campaign  in  Kyoto,  7,  86; 
sketch  of,  87;  death  of,  91 

Ashikaga  Yoshiaki  (ca.  1570),  sho- 
gunate  of,  7,  101;  opposes  growing 
influence  of  Oda  Nobunaga,  in 

Ashikaga  Yoshiakira,  Shogun  of  Ja- 
pan 1357-1368:  reign  of,  7,  91 

Ashikaga  Yoshihisa,  son  of  Yoshi- 
masa:  birth  of  (ca.  1460),  7,  97 

Ashikaga  Yoshikazu  (ca.  1440),  Sho- 
gun of  Japan:  reign  of,  7,  96 

Ashikaga,  Yoshimasa  (ca.  1450),  Sho- 
gun of  Japan:  shogunate  of,  7,  96 

Ashikaga  Yoshimi  (ca.  1460),  Japan- 
ese priest:  assumes  the  duties  of  a 
regent,  7,  97 

Ashikaga  Yoshimitsu  (ca.  1409) :  re- 
gency of,  in  Japan,  7,  91,  92;  his  re- 
lations with  China,  102 

Ashikaga  Yoshimochi,  Japanese  sho- 
gun (1400):  reign  of,  7,  92;  severs 
official  intercourse  between  Japan 
and  China,  103 

Ashikaga  Yoshinori,  Japanese  shogun 
(1428):  reign  of,  7,  95;  reopens  offi- 
cial intercourse  with  China,  103 

Ashikaga  Yoshiteru  (d.  1565) :  assassi- 
nated, 7,  100 

Ashley,  Anthony  Ashley  Cooper, 
Lord:  see  Shaftsbury,  Charles  Ash- 
ley Cooper,  Earl  of 

Ashraf,  Afghan  chief,  ruler  of  Persia 
1725-1729:  reign  of,  5,  350 

Ashtaroth,  Canaanite  goddess:  Phoe- 
nician model  for  Aphrodite,  2,  28 

Ashur-bani-pal    (Asurbanipal,    Assur- 
banipal,  or  Sardanapalus),  King  of 
Assyria    668-626    B.    C:    made   two 
successful        expeditions        against 
Egypt,  670-650  B.  C;  protected  and 
promoted  Assyrian  art;  collected  all 
the  cuneiform  literature  then  in  ex- 
istence and  deposited  the  tablets  in 
the  royal  library  of  the  palace 
Reign    of,    1,    90;    captures    Tyre, 
125;   relations   of,  with   Gyges   of 
Lydia,  145;  Greek  story  of,  2,  120 


Ashur-bel-nisheshu,  King  of  Assyria, 
1480  B.  C:  concludes  treaty  with 
Babylonia,  1,  78 

Ashur-dan  I,  King  of  Assyria  1208- 
1150  B.  C. :  conquest  of  Babylonia, 
1,  78 

Ashur-dan  II,  King  of  Assyria  930-911 
B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  79 

Ashur-danin-apal,  prince  of  Assyria 
(ca.  800  B.  C.):  rebellion  of,  1,  81 

Ashur-etil-ilani,  King  of  Assyria,  ca. 
626  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  91 

Ashur-nazir-pal  III,  King  of  Assyria 
885-860  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  79;  in- 
vades Phoenicia,  123 

Ashur-nirari,  King  of  Assyria  754- 
745  B.  C;  reign  of,  I,  82 

Ashur-resh-ishi,  King  of  Assyria,  ca. 
1 100  B.  C. :  defeats  Nebuchadrez- 
zar, 1,  78 

Asia:  Greek  prosperity  in,  2,  513;  an- 
cient connection  with  America,  23, 
3 

Asia  Minor,  Peninsula  of  western 
Asia:  connection  with  Greece,  2,  20, 
22,  23;  piratical  tribes  of,  harass 
Egypt,  25;  Greek  colonization  in, 
51;  geography  of,  52;  assigned  to 
Antigonous  after  death  of  Alexan- 
der, 512;  becomes  an  integral  part 
of  Europe,  14,  3 

Asiatic  Squadron,  under  Dewey 
(1898):  at  Hong  Kong,  24,  1028 

Asiatic  Trading  Company  (1750),  in 
India:  protected  by  Frederick  the 
Great,  5,  174 

Asiaticus  (ca.  70  A.  D.),  Roman  freed- 
man:  becomes  a  power  in  Rome,  4, 
72 

Askalon,  Asia:  stormed  and  sacked,  1, 
27 

Askalonians:  see  Philistines 

Aslanduz,  Persia:  battle  of  (1810),  5, 

359 

Asoka,  King  of  Magadha  260-223  B. 
C:  accepts  Buddhism,  5,  60;  con- 
cludes treaty  with  Antiochus  II,  71 

Aspasia  (ca.  440  B.  C),  celebrated 
Milesian  woman  of  great  talents 
and  beauty:  account  of,  2,  273 

Aspern,  Lower  Austria:  battle  of 
(1809),  9,  335,  10,  479,  17,  298,  18, 
377 


GENERAL    INDEX 


49 


Assada,   Madagascar:  founded,  5,   164 
Assada  Merchants:  see  Courten's  As- 
sociation 
Assassinations: 
B.  C 
611.     Psammetichus  I  of  Egypt,  a, 

94 
514.     Hipparchus,  a,  111 
411.     Phrynicus,  tragic  poet,  a,  360 
404.     Alcibiades,  a,  384 
379.     Leontiades,  a,  424 
379.     Polemarchs,  a,  424 
370.     Jason  of  Pherae,  a,  438 
367.     Euphron  of  Sicyon,  a,  453 
362.     Alexander  of  Pherae,  a,  488 
ca.  360.     Timophanes  of  Corinth,  a 

453 
359.     Alexander  II,  a,  457 
353.     Dion,  a,  416 
336.     Philip  II,  a,  481 
332.     Alexander    the    Molossian,    3, 

68 
330.     Darius  III,  a,  409 
329.     Parmenio,  a,  500 
317.     Philip  Arrhidaeus,  a,  511 
311.     Roxana  and  Alexander,  a,  511 
308.     Cleopatra,  a,  511 
294.     Alexander,  a,  514 
280.     Selencis,  a,  515 
221.     Hasdrubal,  8,  14 
140.     Viriatus,  8,  19 
no.     Massiva,  3,  189 
91.     Marcus  Livius  Drusus,  3,  204 
87.     Quintus  Rufus,  3,  212 
78.     Quintus  Ofella,  3,  239 
72.     Quintus  Sertorius,  8,  21 
52.     Publius  Clodius  Pulchcr,  3,  320 
48.     Gnaeus  Pompeius,  3,  351 
44.     Gaius  Julius  Caesar,  4,  6 
43.     Decimus,  4,  14 
43.     Marcus  Tullius  Cicero,  4,  15 
A.  D. 

14.     Agrippa  Postumus,  4,  47 
40.     Caligula,  4,  58 
60.     Agrippina,  4,  64 
69.     Servius   Sulpicius  Galba,  4,  70, 

69.     Vitellius  Aulus,  4,  74 

96.     Domitian,  4,  85 

192.     Lucius  Aurclius  Commodus,  4 

99 
217.     Caracalla,  4,  102 


353.     Gallus  Ilostilius,  4,  109 

253.     Aemilianus,  4,  110 

267.     Posthumus,        Emperor        of 

Rome,  9,  13 
.75.     Claudius       Lucius      Domit'us 

Aurelian,  4,   1 1 1 
282.     M.  Aurelus  Probus,  a,  626 
350.     Constans  I,  4,  123 
392.     Valentinian   II,  4,  135 
395.     Rufinus,  4,  137 
408.     Stilicho  and  family,  18,  36 

414.  Ataulphus,  8,  36 

415.  Sigeric,  King  of  the  Goths,  8, 
36 

452.     Thorismund,      King     of     the 
Goths,  8,  38 

454.  Aetius,  Roman  general,  18,  43 

455.  Valentinian  III,  4,  149 

466.     Theodoric     II,     King    of    the 

Goths,  8,  38 
509.     Ragnachor,     chief     of     Ther- 

ouanne,     and     his     brother     Rig- 

nomere,  9,  21 
509.     Sigibert,    King   of   the    Ripua- 

rians,  9,  21 
532.     Sons    of    Clodomir,    King    of 

Orleans,  9,  25 
535.     Amalasontha,  4,  159 
550.     Thendisel,  8,  40 
554.     Agilan,  King  of  the  Goths,  8, 

40 
575.     Sigibert  I,  King  of  Austrasia, 

9,  27,  18,  62 
584.     Chilperic   I,   Prankish  king,  9, 

28,  18,  63 
613.     Brunhilda,  9,  31 
628.     Sigibert,    King    of    Burgundy, 

9.  31 

ca.  642.     Iruka,  7,  20 

ca.   642.     Prince    Yamashiro,  7.   20 

656.     Othman,    Mohammedan    kalif, 

5,  326 
661.     AH,  Mohammedan  kalif,  5,  326 
673.     Chilperic     II,     Prankish    king, 

and  family,  9,  34 
678.     Dagobert    II,    Frankish    king, 

9.  35 
681.     Ebroin,  mayor  of  the  Palace, 

9.  35 

714.  Grimoald,  mayor  of  Neustria, 
9.  36 

715.  Abderlasis-ben-Muza,  8,  63 


50 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


768.     Waifar,  King  of  Aquitaine,  9, 

4i 
844.     Bernardo,  Count  of  Barcelona, 

8,  222 
859.     Zeid  ben  Cassim,  8,  75 
946.     Eadmund,   King  of  the  West 

Saxons,  XI,  47 
976.     Mahon,  King  of  Munster,  II, 

40 
979.     Eadward  the  Martyr,  King  of 

the  West  Saxons,  II,  56 
ca.  1000.     Hugh  of  Beauvais,  9,  67 
1017.     Ali-ben-Hamad,  8,  81 
1026.     Don  Garcia,  8,  139 
1070.     Eadwine,  II,  73 
1072.     Alfonso  (II)  the  Brave,  King 

of  Leon  and  Castile,  8,  143 
1076.     Sancho     III,     King    of    Na- 
varre, 8,  201 
1086.     Knud  IV,  King  of  Denmark, 

and  his  brother,  Benedict,  16,  73 
1093.     Omar,   King  of  Badajoz  and 

two  sons,  8,  90 
1093.     Duncan  II,  King  of  Scotland, 

12,  259 
1 100.     William  II,  King  of  England, 

11,87 
1134.     Niels    I,    King   of    Denmark, 

16,  77 

1 170.     Thomas  a  Becket,  9,  74,  II, 

106 
1 186.     Hugh  de  Lacy,  12,  55 
ca.  1200.     Hiki  Yoshikazu,  7,  69 
1203.     Prince  Arthur  of  England,  9 

76,  11,  122 
1219.     Sanetomo,  7,  69 

1233.  Conrad  of  Marburg,  18,  163 

1234.  Richard  Marshal,  12,  57 
1286.     Erik   (V)    dipping,   King  of 

Denmark,  16,  no 

1288.     Don  Lope,  8,  157 

1290.  Ladislas  IV,  King  of  Hun- 
gary, 17,  59 

1306.     The  Red  Comyn,  12,  277 

1306.  Vacslav  V,  King  of  Bohemia 

17,  81 

1307.  Hermann  Gesler,  13,  368 

1308.  Albert  I,  Holy  Roman  Em- 
peror, 17,  101,  18,  185 

1320.  Andrew,  son  of  Charles  Rob- 
ert of  Anjou,  17,  152 

1325.  Ismail  ben  Ferag,  King  of 
Granada,  8,  in 


1327.     Edward  II,  King  of  England, 

11,  155 

1332.  Mohammed  (IV)  ben  Ismail, 
8,  113 

ca.   1339.     Prince   Morinaga,  7,  87 

1340.  Gerhard  III  (Black  Geert), 
Count  of  Holstein,  16,  114 

1345.  Andrew,  King  of  Naples,  4, 
260 

1349.     Constable  of  France,  8,  210 

1352.  Yussef  Abdul  Hegiag  ben  Is- 
mail, King  of  Granada,  8,  115 

1355-  Donna  Inez  de  Castro,  8, 
288 

1357.  Lord  of  Conflans,  marshal  of 
Champagne,  and  Robert  of  Cler- 
mont, marshal  of  Normandy,  9, 
100 

1358.  Don  Juan,  infante  of  Aragon, 
8,  164 

1360.  Ismail  ben  Yussef,  8,  116 

1361.  Blanche  de  Bourbon,  8,  165 
1366.     Archbishop    of    Santiago,    8, 

167 

1381.  Wat  Tyler,  II,  175 

1382.  Joanna  I,  Queen  of  Naples, 
4,  261 

J383.     Joam    Fernando    Anderio,    8, 

297 
1384.     Louis     de     Male,     Count    of 

Flanders,  13,  35 
1386.     Charles      III      of      Durazzo, 

King  of  Naples,  4,  261 
1389.     Murad  (Amurath)  I,  14,  36 
1407.     Louis  of  Orleans,  9,  no 
1412.     Giovanni       Maria       Visconti, 

Duke  of  Milan,  4,  250 
1419.     John   the    Fearless,   Duke   of 

Burgundy,  9,  113,  13,  39,  18,  39 
1419.     Louis,  Duke  of  Orleans,  13, 

39 
1436.     James    I,    King   of   Scotland, 

12,  292 

1450.     Bailiff  of  Schwyz,  13,  366 
1450.     William   de  la  Pole,   Earl  of 

Suffolk,  11,  209 
1456.     Count  of  Cilly,  17,  161 
1469.     Don  Pedro  de  Peralta,  8,  214 
1471.     Henry  VI,  King  of  England, 

II,  217 
1476.     Galeazzo     Maria     Sforza,     4, 

265 
1478.     Julian  de'  Medici,  4,  268 


GENERAL    INDEX 


51 


1483.  Diego,    Prince    of    Viseo,    8, 

321 

1483.  Princes  in  the  Tower,  II,  231 

1487.  Bemohi,  King  of  the  Jalofs, 

8.  3*3 

1488.  James  III,  King  of  Scotland, 
ia,  208 

1515.     Yahia  ben  Tafut,  8,  335 
1524.     Cristoval  de  Olid,  22,  430 
1534.     Archbishop  of  Dublin,  11,  79 
1536.     Ibrahim,     Grand     Vizier     of 

Turkey,  14,  167 
1541.     Friar  Martinuzzi,  17,  219 
154 1.     Francisco  Pizarro,  ao,  45,  21, 

26 
1541.     Vincent  de  Valverde,  21,  27 
1557-     Joam  III,  King  of  Portugal, 

8,  439 

1560.  Pedro  de  Ursua,  21,  29 

1561.  Mustapha,  son  of  Suleiman 
the  Great,  14,  169 

1562.  Francis  of  Guise,  9,  154 

1565.  Shogun  Yoshiteru,  7,  100 

1566.  David  Rizzio,  11,  282,  12,  316 
1507.     Henry  Stuart,  Lord  Darnley, 

11,  282,  12,  316 

1567.  Matthew,  Earl  of  Tyrone,  12, 
87 

1568.  Miguel  de  Rojas,  8,  369 

1569.  Louis  of  Conde,  9,  156 

1570.  Albaqui,  8,  371 

1570.     James   Stuart,    Earl   of   Mur- 
ray, 12,  321 
1578.     Juan  de  Escovedo,  8,  373 
1582.     Oda  Nobunaga,  7,  112 
1582.     Akcchi  Mitsuhide,  7,  112 
1584.     William     (I)     the    Silent,    of 
Nassau,  Prince  of  Orange,  11,293, 
13,  142 
1588.     Cardinal  of  Guise,  9,  164 

1588.  Duke  of  Guise,  9,  164 

1589.  Henry   III,   King  of   France, 

9.  165 

1602.     Abu  Fazl,  5,  117 

1610.  Henry  IV,  King  of  France, 
9.  176,  13,  192,  18,  266 

1617.  Concini,  Marquis  of  Ancrc, 
9.   180 

1622.  Othman  II,  Sultan  of  Tur- 
key, 14,  213 

1632.  Charles  IV,  Duke  of  Lor- 
raine, 9,  189 


1632.  Hahz  Pasha,  Grand  Vizier  of 
Turkey,  14,  218 

1634.  Albrecht  Eusebius  von  Wal- 
lenstein,  Duke  of  Friedland, 
Mechlenberg  and  Sagan,  17,  211, 
18,287 

1639.     George  Jenatsch,  13,  463 

1702.     Yoshinaka,  7,  152 

1730.  Patrona  Khalil,  leader  of 
Janissary  rebellion,  14,  295 

1748.     Nizan-ul-Mulk,  3.  331 

1762.  Peter  III,  Emperor  of  Rus- 
sia, is,  158 

1764.  Ivan  VI,  Emperor  of  Russia, 
15,  163 

1789.     Jacques  de  Flesselles,   10,  67 

1792.  Gustavus  III,  King  of  Swe- 
den, 15,  189,  16,  249 

1793.  Lepelletier-Saint-Fargeau,  10, 
240 

'793-  Jean  Paul  Marat,  9,  285,  10, 
268 

1797.  Agha  Mohammed,  5,  358 

1798.  General   Duphot,   10,  399 
1798.     Riberjot     Bonnier    and    Jean 

Derby,    French    plenipotentiaries, 
10,  401 

1800.  General  Kleber,  10,  440 

1801.  Paul  I  of  Russia,  9,  318,  15, 
203 

1806.     Dessalincs,  Emperor  of  Hay- 

ti,    20,    141 
1808.     Selim    II,   Sultan   of  Turkey, 

14,  401 

1819.  August    von     Kotzebue,     18, 

394 

1820.  Duke  of  Berry,  9,  372 

1822.     Ali    Pasha,   vizier   of  Janina, 

a,  54i 
1827.     Dorrego     Manuel,     president 

of  Buenos  Ayres,  21,  123 
1829.     Alexander     Sergevitch      Gri- 

boiedov,  15,  283 

1834.  Hamsad   Bey,  15,  298 

1835.  Quiroga,  21,  124 

1848.     Rossi,  Count  of  Pellegrino,  4, 

364 
1848.     General        Auerswald        and 

Prince  Lichnowsky,  18,  400 
1854.     Ferdinand  Charles  III,  Duke 

of  Parma,  4,  369 
1863.     Hcrmani,  15,  328 


52 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


1865.  Abraham  Lincoln,  24,  826 

1868.  Venancio  Flores,  ai,  146 

1870.  General  Prim,  8,  512 

1870.  Justo    Jose    de    Urquiza,    ax, 

133 
1872.     Jose  Balta,  ax,  210 
1875.     Gabriel    Garcia    Moreno,    21, 

116,  244 

1875.  Suzini,  ai,  136 

1876.  Hussein  Avni,  14,  475 

1881.     Alexander     II,     Emperor    of 
Russia,  13,  589,  15,  339 

1881.  James    Abram    Garfield,    24, 

934 

1882.  Lord     Frederick     Cavendish, 
12,  239 

1882.  Burke,  12,  239 

1897.  Juan  Idiarte  Borda,  21,  259 

1899.  D.  Ulysses  Hereux,  22,  503 

1900.  Baron  von  Kettler,  6,  282,  7, 
281 

1900.     Sugiyama,        chancellor        of 

Japanese  legation,  6,  300,  7,  281 
1900.     Francis  James,  6,  302 

1900.  Humbert  I,  King  of  Italy,  4, 

405 

1901.  Toru  Hoshi,  7,  229 

1901.  William  McKinley,  24,  1049 

1902.  Elizabeth    of    Bavaria,     Em- 
press of  Austria,  17,  456 

1905.  Delyanni,    2,    549 

1906.  Spiaguine,   15,  356 

1906.     Sergius,  Grand  Duke  of  Rus- 
sia, 15,  364 
1906.     Von     Plehve,     Governor     of 
Finland,  15,  360 

Assassins,  military  and  religious  order 
in  Syria,  founded  in  Persia  (1090): 
organization  of,  5,  332 

Assaye,  British  India:  battle  of  (1803), 
5,   136,  201 

Assemblies,  American  Colonial:  rise 
of,  in  executive  and  legislative 
power,  23,  107;  general  treatment, 
120;  powers,   121 

Assembly,  The  Spartan,  2,  64 

Asshur  (A-sur,  A-usar,  Kilah-Sher- 
ghat),  ancient  capital  of  Assyria: 
location  of,  1,  64;  revolt  of,  82 

Asshurbanapal:  see  Ashur-bani-pal 

Assiento  Treaty  (1713),  a  treaty  be- 
tween  England  and   Spain,   11,  464 


Assietta,    Col     of,    Italy:    battle    of, 

(1743),  4,   333 
Assignats,        French        Revolutionary 

bonds:  sale  of,  10,  372 
Assinie,    Africa:    claimed    by    France, 

19,  49 

Association  of  Merchant  Adventurers: 
founded  (1580),  16,  301 

Assuan  (Suan  Syene),  Upper  Egypt: 
location  of,  1,  7 

Assumption,  capital  of  Paraguay: 
founded  (1536),  20,  92;  taken  by 
allied  forces  of  Brazil,  Uruguay  and 
Argentine  (1869),  21,  159 

Assumption,  Treaty  of  (181 1),  a  treaty 
between  Paraguay  and  Buenos 
Ayres,  21,   147 

Assurbanipal:  see  Ashur-bani-pal 

Assyria:  see  Babylonia  and  Assyria 

Assyria,  Province  of,  a  Roman  prov- 
ince: founded  (115  A.  D.),  4,  89 

Astolphus,  King  of  Italy  749-756  A. 
D. :  reign  of,  4,  172;  at  war  with 
Pope  Zacharias,  9,  40 

Astor,  John  Jacob,  a  German-Ameri- 
can merchant:  born  at  Waldorf, 
near  Heidelberg,  in  Germany,  July 
!7>  1763;  he  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1783  and  invested  his  capi- 
tal in  furs  which  he  sold  in  Lon- 
don at  great  profit;  he  next  settled 
in  New  York  City  and  speculated 
in  New  York  realty  and,  during  the 
war  of  1812,  in  government  securi- 
ties in  addition  to  a  continued  trade 
in  furs;  at  his  death  in  New  York 
City,  March  29,  1848,  his  fortune 
was  estimated  at  $20,000,000;  he 
left  $400,000  to  establish  the  Astor 
Library 

One    of    three    early    millionaires, 
23,  479!   founds  Astoria,  24,  542 

Astrabad,  Persia:  ceded  to  Russia 
(1722),  is,  79 

Astrakhan,  Russia:  siege  of,  14,  193; 
conquest  of  (1554),  15,  15 

Astronomy:  among  the  Egyptians,  X, 
52;  among  the  Babylonians  and  As- 
syrians,   109;    among   the    Saracens, 

347 
Astrowno,    Russia:    battle    of    (1812), 
10,  485 


GENERAL    INDEX 


W 


Asturians,  a  Celtic  tribe,  in  Spain:  de- 
scription of,  8,  7 

Astyages  (Istuvegu),  King  of  the 
Medes  584-549  B.  C:  reign  of,  1, 
159 

Astyochus  (fifth  century  B.  C):  Spar- 
tan admiral,  a,  352 

Asuncion:  sec  Assumption 

A-sur:  see  Asshur 

Asykhis:  see   Shepses-ka-f 

Atacama,  Desert  of,  Chili:  desired  by 
Chili,  ai,  233 

Atace  (ca.  410  A.  D.),  chief  of  the 
Alaus:  leads  the  invasion  of  the 
Alaus  into  Spain,  8,  35 

Atahualpa,  Inca  of  Peru,  1495-1533: 
career  of,  21,  19;  death  of,  20 

Ataide,  Luis  de  (d.  1580),  Portuguese 
noble:  viceroy  of  the  Indies,  5,  151, 
8,  458 

Ataide,  Nuno  Fernandos  de  (d.  ca. 
1515),  a  Portuguese  general:  cam- 
paigns  in   Africa,  8,  334;   death   of, 

335 

Ataide,  Pedro  de  (ca.  1483):  attempts 
to  assassinate  Joam  II  of  Portugal, 
8,  321 

Atapuerca,  Spain:  battle  of  (1054),  8, 
200 

Atarbas  (ca.  250  B.  C),  a  Phoenician 
admiral:  at  the  battle  of  Drepana, 
3.  103 

Ataulf  (Adolph)  (d.  415  A.  D.),  King 
of  the  Visigoths  410-415  A.  D.: 
founds  the  kingdom  of  the  Visi- 
goths in  Spain,  4,  145;  leads  Gothic 
invasion  of  Spain,  8,  36;  establishes 
Visigoths  in  southern  Gaul,  18,  37; 
death  of,  39 

Atbara,  Africa:  battles  of  the  (1898), 
11,  638;  (1896),  19,  272 

Athalaric  (517-534),  Gothic  king: 
reign  of,  4,  159,  9,  25;  succeeds 
Thcodoric   II,  8,  39 

Athaliah  (d.  837  B.  C),  widow  of 
Jchoram  of  Judah:  seizes  govern- 
ment of  Judah,  1,  395 

Athanagild  (d.  567  A.  D.),  king  of  the 
Goths  554-567  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8, 
40,  50 

Athanaric  (d.  381  A.  D.),  Visigothic 
king:  defeated  by  the   Huns,   18,  33 

Athapascan  Indians,  a  tribe  of  North 


American  Indians:  independent  of 
other  families,  aj,  7;  location,  7 

Atharva-Veda,  the  fourth  of  the 
Vedas:  rise  of,  5,  42 

Athemy,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1316),  ia, 
60 

Athena,  a  Greek  mythological  god- 
dess: in  Greek  theology,  a,  40; 
Lycurgus  enjoins  worship  of,  63 

Athenion  (ca.  100  B.  C),  a  Sicilian 
insurrectionist:  leader  of  revolt  in 
Sicily,  3,  187 

Athens  (City  of  the  Violet  Crown), 
Greece:  at  war  with  Persia,  1,  166; 
Long  Walls  rebuilt,  167;  Homeric 
insignificance  of,  a,  33;  early  his- 
tory of,  97;  government  of,  98; 
social  order  in,  09;  war  with  Me- 
gara,  102;  social  order  in  time  of 
Solon,  105;  republic  restored,  113; 
aids  the  Ionians,  134;  wars  with 
Cleomenes,  141;  with  Aegina  and 
Thebes,  143;  reforms  of  Cleisthenes 
in,  145;  defeats  the  Persians  at 
Marathon,  168;  second  war  with 
Aegina,  173;  occupied  by  Xerxes, 
198;  evacuated  by  the  Persians,  206; 
Mardonius  completes  destruction  of, 
208;  reforms  of  Aristeides,  230: 
building  up  of  her  empire,  232; 
heads  Confederacy  of  Delos,  238;  at 
war  with  Corinth  and  Aegina,  242; 
with  Bceotia,  243;  her  successes, 
244,  246;  loses  Bceotia  and  Euboea, 
247;  at  war  with  Sparta,  248;  makes 
the  Thirty  Years'  peace,  249;  un- 
der Pericles,  251;  colonies  of,  258; 
assists  Corcyra,  267;  engages  in 
Pcloponnesian  war,  272;  resources 
compared  with  Sparta's,  275;  plague 
at,  282;  debates  in  Ecclesia  at,  294, 
296;  rejects  overtures  of  Sparta, 
303;  accepts  temporary  peace,  315; 
makes  peace  with  Sparta,  317;  al- 
lied to  Argos  and  Elis,  321;  sends 
expedition  to  Sicily,  328;  decline  of, 
349;  continues  the  war,  351;  oligar- 
chic conspiracy  at.  355,  357;  con- 
spiracy of  the  Four  Hundred  at, 
358;  reject  terms  with  Sparta,  365: 
distress  at,  371;  trial  of  the  generals 
at,  373;  besieged  by  Agis  and  Lysan- 
dcr,  376;  surrenders,  378;  causes  of 


54 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


her  downfall,  379;  under  the  thirty  ty- 
rants, 383,  385;  delivered  by  Thrasy- 
bulus,  386;  joins  Boeotian  League, 
397;  her  walls  rebuilt  by  Conon,  402; 
naval  efforts  of,  404;  in  peace  of 
Antalcidas,  405;  again  allied  to 
Thebes,  428;  forms  second  naval 
league  against  Sparta,  429;  makes 
peace  with  Sparta,  432;  joins  Sparta 
against  Thebes,  442;  attacks  Cor- 
inth, 446;  joins  in  the  peace  of  362 
B.  C.,  451;  engages  in  the  Social 
War,  454;  troubles  with  Philip  of 
Macedon,  459,  461;  makes  peace 
with  Philip,  467;  second  struggle 
with  Philip,  472;  war  declared,  474; 
allied  with  Thebes,  475;  submits  to 
Philip,  478;  beaten  at  Chaeroneia, 
478;  submits  to  Alexander,  486;  in 
division  of  Alexander's  empire,  512; 
Romans  attracted  to,  513,  521;  joins 
Achaean  League,  516;  siege  of  (87 
B.  C),  2,  522,  3,  217;  adorned  by 
Hadrian,  2,  523;  Frankish  dukedom 
of,  536;  captured  by  Turks  (1456), 
536;  modern  capital  of  Greece,  548; 
University  of,  549;  taken  by  Bayesid 
(i397)»  *4>  455  captured  by  Turks 
(1826),  417 
Athlone,  Ireland:  sieges  of  (1690),  12, 

144 

Athos,  Mount,  Macedonia,  Greece: 
Xerxes  cuts  a  canal  through,  2,  183 

Atlanta,  Georgia:  objective  point  of 
Sherman's  march,  24,  786;  Sher- 
man's advance  on,  794;  siege  of,  797; 
political  effect  of  fall  of,  801;  In- 
ternational Cotton  Exposition  held 
at  (1881),  940 

Atlanta  Exposition,  The  (1895),  24, 
1010 

Atlantic  Ocean:  first  regular  naviga- 
tion of,  3,  295;  called  the  Sea  of 
Darkness,  23,  23 

Atristain,  Miguel  (ca.  1850),  a  Mex- 
ican politician:  signs  Treaty  of 
Guadalupe  Hidalgo,  22,  377 

Attalus  I  (d.  197  B.  C),  King  of  Per- 
gamus  241-197:  becomes  king,  3, 
138;  applies  to  Rome  for  aid  against 
Antiochus,  143;  recompensed  by 
Rome  after  war  with  Antiochus, 
145;  made  emperor  by  Alaric,  4,  141 


Attalus,  (d.  336  B.  C.)  a  Macedonian 

general:    general   of   Philip,   2,  481; 

slain,  485 
Attempts  on  the  English  Throne: 

1066.  William  of  Normandy,  9,  68, 
xi,  66 

1139.     Matilda,   II,  95 

1216.  Louis  (VIII)  the  Lion,  King 
of  France,  II,  128 

1399.     Henry  of  Lancaster,  11,  185 

1450.     Jack  Cade,  II,  209 

1460.     Henry,  Duke  of  York,  II,  212 

1471.     Edward  IV,  II,  217 

1485.  Henry  Tudor,  Earl  of  Rich- 
mond,  11,  222 

1487.  Lambert  Simnel  supported 
by  Lord  Lovel,  and  the  Earl  of 
Lincoln,  11,  224 

1496.  James  IV,  King  of  Scotland, 
in  support  of  Perkin  Warbeck, 
II,  228 

1568.  Dukes  of  Northumberland 
and  Westmoreland  in  support  of 
Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  11,  283 

1587.     Philip  II,  King  of  Spain,  11, 

295,  13,  153 
1685.     James      Fitzroy,      Duke      of 
Monmouth,  11,  422 

Attica,  Greece:  compared  with  Boeo- 
tia,  2,  13;  geography  of,  2,  14; 
autochthonous  claims  of,  26;  early 
history  of,  97 

Atticus,  Titus  Pomponius  (109-32  B. 
C.)»  a  Roman  scholar:  life  of,  3, 
381 

Attila,  surnamed  the  Scourge  of  God, 
and  the  Sword  of  Mars,  King  of 
the  Huns  434-453  A.  D.;  ruled  with 
his  brother  Bleda,  434-445  A.  D. 
when  his  brother  either  died  or  was 
assassinated,  after  which  he  reigned 
alone;  he  invaded  the  Empire  of  the 
East,  447  A.  D.;  in  451  A.  D.,  he 
invaded  Gaul  and  besieged  Orleans, 
but  was  defeated  at  Chalons-sur- 
Marne  by  the  Roman  army  under 
Aetius,  and  the  Visigoths  under 
Theodoric;  the  following  year,  452 
A.  D.,  he  led  an  army  into  northern 
Italy,  which  he  ravaged,  and  threat- 
ened Rome;  after  an  interview  with 
Pope  Leo  I,  Attila  granted  the 
Romans    a    truce    and     retired    to 


GENERAL    INDEX 


55 


Pannomia  where  he  died,  453  A.  D.; 
he  was  buried  at  night  and  the 
prisoners  who  dug  the  grave  were 
executed  in  order  that  his  burial 
place  might  never  be  known 

Defeated  by  Aetius,  a,  530;  sketch 
of,  4,  147;  career  of,  17,  16,  18,  40; 
invasion  of  Spain,  8,  38;  leads  Hun 
invasion,  9,  17 

Attiret,  Jean  Denis  (1702-1768)  a 
French  painter  and  Jesuit  mis- 
sionary in   China,  6,  88 

Aubiers,  France:  battle  of  (i793)»  *o» 
249 

Aubusson,  Pierre  d'  (1423- 1503) 
Grand  Master  of  Knights  of  St. 
John:  account  of,  14.  109 

Auckland,  George  Eden,  Earl  of 
(1784-1849),  his  governor-general- 
ship of  India,  5,  215 

Auckland,  New  Zealand:  made  cap- 
ital, 20,  212 

Audience  Question,  The,  in  Chinese 
history:  raised,  6,  80,  231,  232;  am- 
bassadors received  within  the  pal- 
ace, 258,  259,  260;  direct  access  to 
emperor  granted,  286;  see  also 
K'ot'ow,  The 

Audubon  Park,  New  Orleans:  Cotton 
Centennial  held  in,  24,  940 

Auer,  Hans  (ca.  1430),  a  Swiss  poet: 
sketch  of,  13.  427 

Auersperg,  Prince  Adolf  Wilhelm 
Daniel  (1821-1885),  an  Austrian 
statesman:  his  campaign  against 
Vienna,  17,  376 

Auersperg,  Prince  Karl  Wilhelm 
(1814-1890),  an  Austrian  statesman: 
made  premier  of  Austria,  17,  402 

Auerstadt,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1806),  9, 
328,  16,  251,  18,  372 

Auerswald,  Hans  Adolf  Erdmann 
von  (1792-1848),  a  Prussian  gen- 
eral: death  of,  18,  400 

Augereau,  Pierre  Franjois  Charles, 
Duke  of  Castiglione  ( 1 757-1816),  a 
French  general:  his  campaigns 
under  the  directory,  9,  298;  given 
command  of  the  military  division  of 
Paris,  304;  made  marshal  of  the 
empire,  322;  enters  Paris  at  the 
head  of  the  troops,  10,  391;  arrests 
Pichegru,  391 


Aughrim,  Ireland:  battles  of  (1602), 
12,  104;  (1691),   152 

Augsburg,  Germany:  battles  of  (910 
A.  D.),  17,  43;  (955  A.  D),  17.  44. 
188,  18,  112;  submits  to  the  em- 
peror, 255;  receives  Gustavus  Adol- 
phus,  282;  taken  by  Bavaria,  371 

Augsburg,  Diets  of:   (i53<>)»  «8»  248; 

(1555)  9.   147 

Augsburg,  Leagues  of:  (1686)  a  treaty 
between  Holland,  the  Emperor,  the 
Kings  of  Sweden  and  Spain,  the 
electors  of  Bavaria,  Saxony  and 
the  Palatinate  against  France,  13. 
243;  (1688)  a  treaty  between  the 
Emperor,  Spain,  Holland,  and  Sa- 
voy against  France,  9,  217 

Augsburg,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  between 
the  Lutheran  and  Catholic  estates 
of  Germany  (1555)  9,  146,  17,  197, 
18,  259 

Augsburg  Confession  of  Faith,  the 
Lutheran  creed  (1530),  recognized 
as  the  cult  of  Sweden,  16,  168,  18, 
248 

Augsburg  Interim,  The,  a  provisional 
arrangement  to  settle  religious  dif- 
ferences   (1548)    18,  257 

Augus,  Irish  chief  (ca.  500  A.  D.). 
leads   colonists  to  Scotland,   12,  38 

August  (1526-1586),  Elector  of  Sax- 
ony 1553-1586:  favors  Jacob  Andrae, 
16,  197 

Augusta,  Georgia:  important  trading 
post,  23,  81;  captured  by  British, 
272;  recaptured  by  Americans,  272; 
Confederates  seize  arsenal,  24,  691; 
threatened  by  Sherman,  807 

Augustine  (Austin),  Saint,  a  Benedic- 
tine Monk,  called  the  Apostle  of 
England:  he  was  first  connected 
with  a  monastery  in  Rome  but  was 
sent  by  Pope  Gregory  I  to  convert 
the  Anglo-Saxons  in  596  A.  D.;  he 
succeeded  in  converting  King 
.F.thclberht,  whose  wife  Bertha  was 
already  a  Christian;  he  became  the 
first  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
about  600  A.  D.;  died  at  Canterbury, 
May  26,  607  A.  D. 

Issues  his  "  City  of  God,"  4,  143; 
sent  to  England,  1 1,  28;  becomes 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  29 


56 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Augustus  I,  King  of  Poland:  see  Sig- 
ismund  (II)  Augustus 

Augustus  (II)  the  Strong  (1670-1733), 
King  of  Poland  and  Elector  of 
Saxony:  reign  of,  15,  383,  18,  317; 
his  relations  with  Patkul,  15,  38, 
46;  in  the  Great  Northern  War,  16, 
214,  221;  deposition  of,  217;  his 
treaty  with  Charles  XII  of  Sweden, 
15,  46;  makes  an  alliance  with  Rus- 
sia, 55;  protected  in  Saxony,  63,  65; 
regains  his  throne,  16,  226;  Peter 
supports,   15,  81;    death  of,  9,  235, 

15,  117 

Augustus  III  (1696-1763),  King  of 
Poland  and  Elector  of  Saxony: 
Russia  supports  his  claims,  15,  109; 
elected  to  the  throne,  118;  accession 
of,  9>  235;  reign  of,  15,  381,  18, 
306,  323;  claims  imperial  crown,  9, 
236;  claims  part  of  the  Austrian 
dominions,  17,  240;  death  of,  15 
172,  18,  345 

Augustus  (early  19th  century)  Duke 
of  Leuchtenberg:  marries  Maria  II 
of  Portugal,  8,  537 

Augustus  Caesar,  called  in  his  youth 
Caius  Octavius  and  after  he  became 
the  heir  of  Julius  Caesar,  known  as 
Caius  Julius  Caesar  Octavianus, 
Roman  emperor,  27  B.  C.-14  A.  D., 
called  Father  of  His  Country: 
born  at  Velitrae,  in  Latium,  Septem 
ber  23,  63  B.  C;  he  assumed  the 
"  toga  virilis "  when  sixteen  years 
of  age  and  was  adopted  as  a  son 
by  Julius  Caesar;  he  accompanied 
Caesar  in  his  expedition  to  Spain,  45 
B.  C;  he  became  a  pupil  of  Apollo- 
dorus  of  Pergamus  under  whom  he 
was  studying  at  the  time  of  Caesar's 
assassination,  44  B.  C;  he  hastened 
to  Rome  but  Marcus  Antonius  re- 
fused to  give  him  the  papers  and 
property  of  the  late  dictator;  he 
gained  the  favor  of  the  Senate 
which  gave  him  an  army  and  he 
defeated  the  forces  of  Antonius  near 
Mutina,  43  B.  C;  he  then  marched 
to  Rome,  was  elected  consul, 
August,  43  B.  C,  and  formed  a  tri- 
umvirate with  Antonius  and  Lep- 
idus;  took  part  in  the  conscription 


of  43  B.  C.  and  in  the  victory  over 
Brutus  and  Cassius  at  Philippi,  42 
B.  C;  carried  on  the  Perusian  War, 
41-40  B.  C;  became  more  closely 
allied  with  Antonius  who  married 
Octavia,  the  sister  of  Octavianus, 
40  B.  C;  defeated  Sextus  Pompey, 
36  B.  C;  defeated  Antonius  and 
Cleopatra  in  the  battle  of  Actium, 
31  B.  C,  and  became  sole  master 
of  the  Roman  world;  he  was  elected 
consul  several  times,  made  Princeps 
Senatus,  28  B.  C,  and  given  the  title 
of  Augustus  in  27;  his  reign  was  re- 
markably pacific  and  Roman  liter- 
ature reached  its  highest  point;  he 
died  at  Nola,  August  19,  14  A.  D. 

In  the  second  triumvirate,  4,  10; 
marriage  of,  14;  at  battle  of  Philippi, 
18;  returns  to  Italy,  19;  rules  at 
Rome,  20;  besieges  Messana,  21;  re- 
turns to  Rome  after  his  Sicilian  cam- 
paign, 22;  declares  war  on  Egypt, 
24;  founds  the  empire,  29;  given  title 
of  Augustus,  31;  his  success  among 
the  peoples  of  the  Adriatic,  17,  12; 
his  campaign  in  Gaul,  4,  42;  con- 
dition of  Gaul  under,  9,  11;  con- 
dition of  Germany  under,  18,  14; 
mourns  for  the  legions  of  Varus, 
19;  Greece  separated  from  Mace- 
donia under,  2,  521;  condition  of 
Spain  under,  8,  24;  adopts  Tiberius 
as  his  heir,  4,  43;  death,  45;  sum- 
mary of  his  reign,  46 

Aulis,  Bceotia,  Greece:  Greek  colo- 
nization, 2,  53 

Aulus  Plautius  (1st  century  A.  D.), 
Roman  consul:  invades  Britain,  11, 
8 

Aumale,  France:  battle  of  (1592),  9, 
168 

Aumale,  Charles  de  Lorraine,  Duke 
of,  (1556-1631),  French  commander: 
supports  claims  of  Philip  II  of 
Spain  to  the  crown  of  France,  9, 
170 

Aumale,  Mademoiselle  d'  (ca.  1660), 
of  a  French  noble  family:  marries 
Alfonso  VI  of  Portugal,  467; 
marries  Pedro  II  of  Portugal,  8, 
468 

Aumont,  Jacques,  Duke  d'   (d.   1799), 


GENERAL    INDEX 


57 


French  officer:  offered  the  com- 
mand of  the   militia,    10,  62 

Aungier,  Gerald  (d.  1677),  English  of- 
ficial: governor  of   Bombay,  5,    167 

Aurai,  France:  battle  of  (1365),  9,  103 

Aurangzeb  (1618-1707),  Mogul  Em- 
peror 1658-1707:  usurps  throne,  5, 
120:  reign  of,  121 

Aurelian  (212-275  A.  D.),  Emperor  of 
Rome  270-275:  reign  of,  2,  525,  4, 
no;   makes  treaty   with   Goths,   18, 

29 

Aurelio  (Aurelius),  King  of  Asturias 
and  Leon  (ca.  770  A.  D.) :  reign  of, 
8,  131 

Aurelius,  Marcus:  sec  Marcus  Au- 
relius 

Aurelle  de  Paladines  (1804- 1877), 
French  general:  in  the  Franco- 
Prussian  War,  18,  425 

Aurogallus  (1480-1543),  Bohemian 
scholar:  assists  Luther,  18,  244 

A-usar:  see  Asshur 

Ausculum,  Italy:  battle  of  (279  B.  C), 
3,  78 

Ausones  (ca.  8th  century  B.  C.)  in 
Italy:  in  possession  of  Campania, 
3,  7 

Ausonia,  The  Ferocious  Beast  of:  see 
Caracalla.   Roman   Emperor 

Aussig,  Bohemia:  siege  of  (1426),  17, 

134 

Austerlitz,  Moravia,  Austria-Hungary: 
battle  of  (1805),  4,  347,  8,  484,  9, 
326,  10,  465,  11,  557,  13,  267,  16, 
251,  17,  294,  18,  367 

Austin,  Moses  (1764-1821),  American 
pioneer:  contracts  for  colonization 
of  Texas,  22,  279;  receives  grant  of 
land  in  Texas,  24,  532 

Austin,  Stephen  F.  (1793-1836), 
founder  of  State  of  Texas:  con- 
tracts for  colonization  of  Texas,  22, 

279 
Australia:   discovered,   5,    154;    sketch 
of  the  history  of,  IX,  629:  surveyed 
and  named,  20,   124;   settlement  of, 

132 

Australian  Agricultural  Company:  or- 
ganized in  England  before  1850,  20, 
186 

Australian    Colonies   Act,    passed    be- 


fore 1850  regulating  constitutions  of 
colonies,    20,    194 

Australian  Constitution  Act,  passed 
by  English  Parliament  (1900),  20, 
207 

Australian  Government  Act  (1850), 
establishing  Victoria  as  a  separate 
colony,  20,  198 

Austria,  The  Fabius  of:  see  Daun, 
Leopold  Joseph  Maria,  Count  von 

Austria,  The  Ireland  of:  see  Hungary 

Austria-Hungary,  History  of:  the 
monarchy:  its  character  and  com- 
ponent parts,  17,  3;  primitive  times, 
the  Roman  occupation  and  the  Ger- 
man invasions,  10:  the  Slavs,  18; 
Moravia  and  the  Slav  apostles,  29; 
the  founding  of  the  Magyar  state, 
41;  Hungary  under  the  successors 
of  St.  Stephen,  50;  Bohemia  and  the 
Premyslidcs,  62;  early  history  of  the 
Austrian  group — the  house  of  Bab- 
enburg,  17,  88,  18,  116,  149;  the  Aus- 
trian group  under  the  first  Haps- 
burgs,  17,  99,  18,  181,  263;  Bohemia 
under  the  house  of  Luxemburg,  17, 
113;  Austria  in  the  Holy  Alliance, 
14,  41;  Bohemia  and  the  Hussite 
Wars,  17,  125;  Bohemia  under 
Podiebrad  and  the  Jagellons,  142; 
Hungary  under  the  house  of  Anjou 
and  the  elective  monarchy,  151; 
Hunyady  and  the  Hungarian  wars 
with  the  Turks,  159;  the  Austrian 
emperors,  173;  Bohemia:  her  first 
Hapsburg  kings,  194;  invaded  by 
Suleiman  the  Great,  14,  152,  175; 
Mnrad  III  at  war  with,  202;  cam- 
paigns of  Ahmed  Kiuprili  in,  236; 
the  Thirty  Years'  War  and  the 
overthrow  of  Bohemia,  17,  204: 
Hungary  divided,  216;  Hungary 
freed  from  the  Turks  and  recon- 
ciled to  Austria,  227;  Austria  under 
Ferdinand  II  of  Germany,  18,  270: 
Austria  the  principal  power  in  Ger- 
many, 298;  campaigns  of  Damad  Ali 
in  Austria,  14,  286;  Austria  in 
Treaty  of  Passarowitz,  291;  inter- 
vention in  Russo-Turkish  war,  307; 
attacks  Turkey,  310;  Maria  Theresa, 
'7.    239;     the     internal     history    of 


58 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Austria  under  Maria  Theresa,  251; 
signs  secret  convention  with  Tur- 
key (1771),  *4,  332;  Joseph  II,  17, 
264,  18,  349;  Francis  II  and  the  wars 
against  the  revolution,  279;  plan, 
of  the  campaign  against,  10,  380; 
at  war  with  France,  14,  406,  17, 
290,  319;  in  agreement  of  the  Dar- 
danelles, 14,  437;  Hungary  and  the 
Slav  countries,  17,  330;  Ferdinand 
I — Austria  on  the  eve  of  revolution, 
345;  the  revolutionary  movement, 
361;  the  Hungarian  revolution,  368; 
the  Revolution  in  Vienna,  374;  early 
years  of  the  reign  of  Francis  Joseph 
— the  period  of  reaction,  378;  at- 
tempts at  constitutional  government 
— the  expulsion  of  Austria  from 
Germany,  386;  the  establishment  of 
dualism,  397;  parliamentary  strug- 
gle for  federalism,  408;  acquisition 
and  incorporation  of  Bosnia  and 
Herzegovnia,  421;  recent  history, 
432;  her  relation  to  the  Eastern 
Question,  14,  7;  concludes  treaty 
with  Japan,  7,  189;  hostile  to 
Russia,  14,  487;  in  relation  to  mod- 
ern Greece,  2,  548;  arbitration 
treaty  of  United  States  with  (1904), 
24,  1076 
Austrian  Lloyd,  a  navigation  com- 
pany at  Trieste:  established  (1835), 

17,  329 
Austro-Prussian  War,  a  war  between 

Austria  and  Prussia   (1866):  causes, 

9»  455;  principal  battles,  Sadowa,  9, 

455,   Austozza,   17,  392,   Lissa,   392; 

peace  treaty,  Treaty  of  Prague,  392; 

results,  392 
Autharis  (d.  590  A.  D.)  King  of  Italy 

585-590  A.  D. :  reign,  4,  165;  marries 

Theodolina,  18,  54 
Autun,  France:  battle  of  (532  A.  D.), 

13,  337 
Autun,  Bishop  of:  see  Tallyrand  Peri- 

gord 
Auvergne,   Charles   de   Valois,   Count 

of    (ca.    1600),   son   of   Charles    IX; 

leader    of    discontented    nobles,    9, 

172;  joins  conspiracy  of  Entragues 

174 
Auxerre,    France:    battle    of    (843    A. 
D.)  9,  50 


Avars,  an  Asiatic  tribe  allied  to  the 
Huns:  invasion  of,  14,  4,  17,  15; 
become  masters  of  the  Danubian 
territory,  17,  17;  at  war  with  the 
Slavs,  19;  attack  Constantinople,  21; 
disappear  from  history,  37;  harass 
the  Longobards,  18,  51;  their  rela- 
tions with  Sigibert,  61;  their  wars 
with  Charlemagne,  83 

Avein  (Avennes),  Belgium:  battle  of 
(1635),  9,  191,  13,  212 

Aveiro,  Joam  Alfonso  de  (ca.  1485), 
a  Portuguese  explorer:  explorations 
of,  8,  323 

Avellane,  Admiral  (ca.  1893),  a  Rus- 
sian admiral:  his  visit  to  France,  15, 

344 

Avellaneda,  Nicolas  (1836-1885),  a 
statesman  of  Argentine  Republic: 
elected  president  of  Argentina,  21, 
135;  his  administration,  256 

Avenches,  Switzerland:  battles  of  (ca. 
1190),  13,  349;  (1802),  518 

Avendaiio,  Colonel  (d.  ca.  1825),  a 
Paraguaian  conspirator:  leads  in- 
surrection, 21,  149 

Avennes:  see  Avein 

Aversa,  Italy:  founded,  4,  185 

Avesnes,  John  d',  Count  of  Hainault, 
ca.  1299:  becomes  Count  of  Hol- 
land, 13,  36 

Avesta,  the  Bible  of  Zoroastrianism: 
publication  of,  I,  163 

Avila,  d'  (ca.  1800),  a  Spanish  ad- 
miral: at  battle  of  the  Bay  of  Gi- 
braltar, 13,  183 

Avila,  Alonzo  de  (1485-1537),  a  Span- 
ish soldier  and  adventurer:  joins 
Cortez,  22,  10;  sent  as  ambassador 
to  Spain,  63;  alleged  conspiracy  of, 
120 

Avila,  Gil  Gonzalez  de  (1 577-1658),  a 
Spanish  biographer  and  antiquary: 
alleged  conspiracy  of,  22,  120 

Avila,  Pedro  Arias  de  (1442-1531),  a 
Spanish  soldier  and  administrator: 
orders  execution  of  Balboa,  21,  17; 
his  explorations  in  Central  America, 
22,  436;  puts   Balboa  to  death,  23, 

37 
Avila,     Sanchez     d*     (1523-1583),     a 
Spanish    general:    his    campaign    in 
the  Netherlands,  13,  117 


GENERAL    INDEX 


59 


Avitiabile,  General,  a  Neapolitan  com- 
mander: trains  the  Sikh  army,  5,  221 

Avitus,  Marcus  Maecilius  (400-457  A. 
D.),  an  emperor  of  Western  Roman 
Empire:  reign  of,  4,  149 

Awada-no-Mahito  (8th  century  A. 
D.),  a  Japanese  scholar:  scholarship 
of,  7,  34 

Axayacatl,  a  Mexican  palace:  siege  of, 

32,  34 

Axel  Hoide:  see  Absalon 

Ayacucho,  Peru:  battle  of  (1825),  21, 

73 

Ayerst,  Lieutenant  (d.  1897),  an  Eng- 
lish officer  in  Bombay:  murder  of, 
3.  283 

Ayesha  (611-678  A.  D),  wife  of  Mo- 
hammed: her  influence  over  Mo- 
hammed, I,  240;  joins  rebellion  of 
Telha  and  Zobeir,  245;  takes  ac- 
count of  the  patrimony  of  Abu 
Bekr,  256 

Ayllon,  Vasquez  de  (d.  1526)  a  Span- 
ish explorer:  attempts  to  conquer 
and    settle    Carolina    and    Virginia, 

33,  38;  death,  38 

Ayscue,  Sir  George  (17th  century),  an 
English  admiral:  at  battle  of  Plym- 
outh, 13,  230 

Ayub  ben  Habib  (ca.  710  A.  D.):  be- 
comes emir  of  Spain,  8,  63 

Ayub  Kahn  (ca.  1880),  native  Indian 
chief,  son  of  Shere  AH:  at  war  with 
the  British,  3,  258 

Ayumen:  see  Tjumen 


Azad    Khan    (ca.    1750),    an    Afghan 

chief:  reign  of,  5,  355 
Azamor,    Africa:    siege   of    (1513),    8, 

333 

Azamza,  Miguel  Jose  de  (1746-1826), 
a  Spanish  statesman:  his  adminis- 
tration as  viceroy  of  New  Spain,  aa, 
225 

Azariah:  see  Uzziah 

Azcarraga,  General,  member  of  Span- 
ish cabinet  1904:  ministry  of,  8,  521 

Azincourt:  see  Agincourt 

Azio  ben  Abdelmelic  (d.  1240),  wali 
of  Lorca:  refuses  to  acknowledge 
supremacy  of  Castile,  8,  104 

Aziru,  prince  of  Arvad:  at  war  with 
Rib-Addi,  1,  122 

Azores,  Atlantic  Ocean,  west  of  Por- 
tugal: sketch  of,  19,  213;  under 
Portuguese  rule,  20,  299 

Azov,  Russia:  sieges  of  (1641),  14, 
228;  (1695-1696),  14,  266,  13,  32; 
(1736),  15,  121;  threatened  by  Rus- 
sia, 14,  302 

Aztec  Calendar  Stone,  Mexico:  de- 
scription of,  22,  95 

Aztecs:  conditions  at  the  time  of  the 
arrival  of  Cortez,  22,  15;  history  of, 
75;  sketch  of,  33,  6;  turn  against 
Cortez,  39 

Azumi-no-Hirafu  (ca.  650  A.  D.),  a 
Japanese  naval  commander:  his 
campaign  in  Korea,  7,  26 

Azzo  VII,  Marquis  of  Esti,  king  of 
Ferrara  1208:  elected,  4,  200 


B 


Baal  I,  King  of  Tyre  (ca.  670  B.  C.) : 
reign  of,   I,   124 

Baalbec,  Syria:  description  of,  I,  279; 
conquered  by  the  Saracens,  279 

Baardsson,  Skule,  Jarl  of  Norway, 
Scandinavian  noble  (ca.  1240) :  de- 
feat of,  16,  99 

Baasha  ben  Abijah  (ca.  950  B.  C): 
usurps  throne  of  Israel,  1,  389 

Bab:  see  Sad  (Mirza)  Ali  Mohammed 

Babaeska,    Turkey:   battle   of    (1807), 

14,  399 

Babahoyo,  Ecuador,  South  America: 
battle  of  (i860),  21,  in 

Babar  the  Mogul  (1483-1530),  founder 
of  Mogul  empire  in  India:  invades 
India,  5,  109 

Babcock,  Orville  E.  (1835-1884), 
American  general:  sent  to  San  Do- 
mingo, 22,  503,  24,  879;  member 
of  the  "Whiskey  Ring,"  24,  895 

Babington,  Anthony  (1561-1586),  Eng- 
lish Roman  Catholic  conspirator: 
plots  against  Elizabeth,  II,  294 

Babis,  The,  Persian  sect  of  Moham- 
medans (1843):  founded,  5,  362 

Baboeuf  Conspiracy,  The,  organized 
against  the  French  Directory 
(1796):  organized,  10,  376;  betrayed 
by  Grisel,  377;  trial  and  death  of 
the  accomplices  in,  378 

Babylon,  capital  of  Babylonia:  loca- 
tion of,  1,  66;  captured  by  the  As- 
syrians (ca.  1280  B.  C),  78;  de- 
stroyed (689  B.  C),  88;  enriched  by 
Nebuchadrezzar,  92;  siege  of  (521 
B.  C),  1,  95,  163,  2,  126;  Alexander 
the  Great  enters,  1,  169,  2,  497;  re- 
volts against  Darius,  2,  129 

Babylon,  The  Modern:  see  London, 
England 

Babylonia:  relation  of  civilization  to 
Greece,  2,  21;  its  affinities  with 
China,  6,  4 


Babylonia  and  Assyria,  History  of: 
geography  and  ethnology,  1,  63; 
chronology  and  history,  69;  religion 
and  mythology,  96;  arts  and  general 
culture,  102 

"  Babylonian  Captivity,"  that  period 
in  the  history  of  the  Papacy  in  the 
14th  century  when  the  Popes  ex- 
iled from  Italy,  lived  at  Avignon 
under  P'rench  influences,  9,  88 

Bach,  Alexander  von  (181 3-1893), 
Austrian  statesman:  becomes  min- 
ister of  the  interior,  17,  380;  dis- 
missed, 386 

Bachelor,  The  Boy:  see  Wolsey, 
Thomas 

Bachelors,  Knights:  see  Knights 
Bachelors  of  England 

Back,  Sir  George  (1796-1878),  English 
admiral  and  Arctic  explorer:  ex- 
plorations of,  16,  308 

Back  Lane  Parliament  (1792),  Cath- 
olic delegates  of  Ireland:  sketch  of, 
12,  200 

Bacon,  Francis,  Baron  Verulam  and 
Viscount  Saint  Albans,  an  English 
philosopher  and  statesman:  born  in 
London,  January  22,  1561;  studied 
at  Cambridge,  1573-1575,  and  at 
Gray's  Inn,  1575;  was  attached  to 
the  embassy  in  France,  1576-1579; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  1582; 
elected  member  of  Parliament,  1584; 
became  counselor-extraordinary  to 
the  queen,  1590;  became  a  friend  of 
the  Earl  of  Essex,  1591;  was  a  can- 
didate for  the  office  of  solicitor- 
general,  1594,  but  was  unsuccessful; 
was  active  in  his  efforts  to  secure 
the  conviction  of  the  Earl  of  Essex 
for  treason,  1601;  was  knighted, 
1603;  made  solicitor-general,  1607, 
and  attorney-general  and  a  member 
of  the  privy  council,  1613;  appointed 

60 


GENERAL    INDEX 


61 


keeper  of  the  Great  Seal,  1617;  made 
Lord  High  Chancellor  of  England, 
1618;  created  Baron  Verulam  and 
given  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Peers, 
1618;  published  his  greatest  work, 
"Novum  Organum,"  1620;  was  cre- 
ated Viscount  Saint  Albans,  1621; 
was  tried  for  bribery,  1621;  con- 
demned, fined  and  removed  from 
office;  died  at  Highgate,  London, 
April  9,  1626 

Sketch  of,  II,  302;  advises  James 
I,  310:  fall  of,  315 

Bacon,  Nathaniel  (1642-1676),  Anglo- 
American  lawyer:  leads  rebellion, 
23.  65 

Bacon,  Sir  Nicholas  (1509-1579),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  character  of,  II,  316 

Bacon,  Roger  (1214-1294),  celebrated 
English  philosopher:  his  definition 
of  plantation,  20,  17;  believes  In- 
dian Ocean  to  be  inclosed,  23,  23 

Bacon's  Rebellion:  see  Bacon,  Na- 
thaniel 

Bacsanyi,  Janos  (1763-1845),  Hun- 
garian poet  and  journalist:  trans- 
lates Napoleon's  proclamation  to 
Hungary,  17,  335 

Bactria,  Asia:  conquered  by  Alexan- 
der, 2,  499 

Badajoz,  Portugal:  siege  of  (1811),  9, 
338,   11,  565 

Badajoz  Conference  (1524),  in  the 
struggle  between  Spain  and  Portu- 
gal over  the  Indies,  5,  146 

Baden,  southern  Germany:  siege  of 
(1400),  13,  397;  peasant  war  in,  18, 
243;  enters  the  Confederation  of  the 
Rhine,  371;  becomes  part  of  the  em- 
pire, 427 

Baden,  Peace  of,  concluded  between 
the  states  of  the  Swiss  League 
(1165),  13.  470 

Baden  Conference,  The  (1834),  called 
to  place  restrictions  on  the  spiritual 
jurisdiction  of  the  Papal  Court,  13, 

543 

Badeni,  Count  Casimir  (ca.  1890),  of 
Polish  noble  family:  his  administra- 
tion as  premier  of  Austria,  17,  433: 
resignation  of,  435 

Badger,  George  Edmund  (1795- 1866), 


American  politician:  opposes 
Chase's  speech  on  compromise 
measures,  24,  607 

Badger  State,  The:  see  Wisconsin 

Badillo  (ca.  1850),  Mexican  general: 
at  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo,  22. 
325 

"Badly  Established  Peace,  The" 
(1568),  concluded  between  Catholics 
and  Protestants  in  France,  9,  156 

Baebian  Law  (192  B.  G),  enacted  that 
four  praetors  and  six  praetors 
should  be  chosen  alternately  in 
Rome:  violated,  3,  136 

Baecula,  Spain:  battle  of,  3,   127 

Baeda  (673-735  A.  D.),  English  monk 
and  ecclesiastical  writer:  first  Eng- 
lish historian,  11,  39 

Baeterrae  (Beziers),  France:  founded, 
3.  392 

Baez,  Buenaventura  (1810-1884), 
statesman  of  San  Domingo:  presi- 
dent of  Paraguay,  21,  260;  his  ad- 
ministration as  president  of  San 
Domingo,  22,  503;  concludes  treaty 
for  annexation  of  San  Domingo,  24, 

879 
Baezaz,     southern     Spain:     siege     of 

(1146),  8.  97,  236 
Baffin,     William     (d.     1622),     English 

navigator  and  explorer:  searches  for 

Northwest  Passage,  5,  156,  16,  304, 

305 
Bagamoyo,    East    Africa:    growth    of, 

19.  M3 

Bagdad,  Asiatic  Turkey:  founded,  1. 
342;  college  founded,  346;  sieges  of 
(1638),  14,  221;  (1733).  5.  351.  14, 
295;  conquered  by  Suleiman  the 
Great,  158;  adorned  by  Suleiman. 
188 

Bagenal  (Bagnal),  Sir  Henry  (d. 
1578),  Anglo-Irish  soldier:  his  en- 
mity toward  Hugh  O'Neill,  12,  95; 
his  campaign  against  The  O'Neill, 
96 

Bagley  (d.  1896),  an  American  en- 
sign in  Spanish-American  war: 
death  of,  22,  459 

Bagot,  Sir  Charles  (1781-1843),  an 
F.nslish  diplotnat:  governor  of  Can- 
ada, 20,  158 


62 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Bagovut,  General  (ca.  1812),  a  Rus- 
sian general:  his  campaign  against 
France,  15,  222 

Bagration,  Prince  Peter  (1765-1812), 
a  Russian  general:  his  campaign 
against  France,  15,  219 

Bahadur  (1642-1712),  Mogul  emperor 
1707-1712:  reign  of,  5,  125 

Bahadur,  Sayyid  Ahmad  Khan:  see 
Sayyid  Ahmad  Khan  Bahadur 

Bahadur,  Sir  Jang:  see  Jang  Bahadur, 
Sir 

Bahamas,  West  Indies:  government 
of,  20,  246 

Baharites,  first  Mameluke  sovereign 
(13th  century)  of  Egypt,  14,  128 

Bahia,  South  America:  captured  by 
the  Dutch  (1624),  21,  33 

Bahia  Honda,  Cuba:  battle  of  (1851), 
22,  450;  granted  to  the  United 
States,  479 

Bahmani,  Kingdom  of:  rise  of,  5,  105 

Bahrein  Island,  near  Arabia:  sketch 
of,  20,  253 

Baiburt,  Turkey:  battle  of  (1829),  15, 
287 

Baikie,  William  Balfour  (1825-1864), 
an  English  surgeon  and  explorer: 
explorations  of,  19,  50 

Bailen:  see  Baylen 

Bailleul,  Bernard  de  (ca.  1130),  a 
Norman  baron:  renounces  alle- 
giance to  David  I  of  Scotland,  12, 
264 

Bailleul,  Jacques  Charles  (1762-1843), 
a  French  advocate:  his  account  of 
the  state  of  the  Luxembourg  when 
the  directors  first  entered,  10,  370 

Baillie,  William  (d.  1782),  an  English 
soldier:  defeated  by  Harder  Ali,  5, 
193 

Bailly,  Jean  Sylvain  (1736-1193),  a 
French  astronomer  and  politician: 
president  of  the  States-General,  9, 
262;  appointed  mayor  of  Paris,  264; 
death  of,  287;  elected  member  of 
the  States-General,  10,  39;  presides 
over  the  assembly,  51;  appointed 
mayor  of  Paris,  71;  presents  Louis 
XVI  with  the  keys  of  Paris,  72 

Bainbridge,  William  (1 774-1833),  an 
American   naval   officer:   commands 


frigate  Constitution,  23,  422;  among 
naval  heroes  of  War  of  1812,  433 

Baines,  Thomas  (1822-1875),  an  Eng- 
lish artist  and  African  explorer: 
explorations  of,  19,  52 

Bainuter,  King  of  Egypt,  ca.  3300  B. 
C. :  determines  that  women  may 
inherit  Egyptian  throne,  1,  15 

Bairactar  (1755-1808),  Pasha  of  Rust- 
chuk:  becomes  grand  vizier,  14,  401 

Bairam  Khan,  regent  during  minor- 
ity of  Akbar:  regency  of,  5,  111 

Baird,  Sir  David  (1757-1829),  a  Brit- 
ish general:  his  campaign  against 
Napoleon,  5,   197 

Bajan  (ca.  590  A.  D.),  chagan  of  the 
Avars:  leads  campaigns  against  the 
Slavs,  17,  19 

Bajazit:  see  Bayezid 

Baji  Rao  I,  Maratha  peshwa  1740: 
reign  of,  5,  132 

Baji  Rao  II,  Maratha  peshwa  1795: 
reign  of,  5,  136;  leads  revolt  of  the 
Marathas,  208 

Bak-en-ran-ef :  see  Bocchoris 

Balcchiserai,  Russia:  sacked  by  the 
Turks  (1736),  14,  305;  Russians  in, 
350 

Baker,  Major  (ca.  1689),  an  Irish  sol- 
dier: leader  of  the  defense  of  Derry, 
12,  135 

Baker,  Edward  D.  (1811-1861),  an 
American  politician  and  soldier: 
killed  in  Battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  24, 

757 

Baker,  Sir  Samuel  White  (1821-1893), 
an  English  traveller:  explorations 
of,  19,  54;  arouses  an  interest  in 
Africa,  59 

Baker  Pasha  (1825-1887),  an  English 
soldier:  his  campaign  in  the  Soudan, 
1,  40 

Bakhti  yar  Khilji  (ca.  1190),  a  Mo- 
hammedan general:  conquests  of,  5, 

95 

Bakracz,  Cardinal  (ca.  1515):  his  mis- 
sion to  Hungary,  17,   168 

Baku,  Russia:  Russia  takes  possession 
of  (1722),  15,  79 

Bakunin,  Michael  (1814-1876),  a  Rus- 
sian socialist  and  agitator:  preaches 
Nihilism,  15,  332 


GENERAL    INDEX 


63 


Balaji  Baji  Rao,  third  Maratha  pcsh- 
wa,  1740:  reign  of,  5,  133 

Balaji  Vishwanath,  a  Brahman  min- 
ister: made  peshwa,  5,  132 

Balaklava,  Russia:  battle  of  (1854),  9, 

447 

Balance  of  Power,  American:  Calhoun 
pleads  for,  34,  604 

Balawat,  Asia:  location  of,  1,  64 

Balban  (d.  1287),  King  of  Delhi,  1265- 
1287:  reign  of,  5,  98 

Balbinus,  Decimus  Caelius  (d.  238), 
Emperor  of  Rome,  238:  reign  of, 
4.   108 

Balboa,  Vasco  Nunez  de,  a  Spanish 
soldier  and  explorer:  born  at  Xeres 
de  los  Cabelleros,  1475;  emigrated 
to  Hayti  about  1500;  accompanied 
Enciso  in  an  expedition  to  Darien, 
1510;  quarreled  with  Enciso  and  ob- 
tained the  chief  command  of  the 
party;  discovered  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
September  25,  1513,  and  took  pos- 
session of  it  in  the  name  of  his 
sovereign;  was  superseded  by  Pe- 
drarias  d'Avila,  1 5 14,  and  punished 
by  a  fine  for  his  insubordination; 
served  as  a  deputy  under  Pedrarias, 
who  accused  him  of  treasonable  de- 
signs and  had  him  executed,  1517 

Discovers  Pacific  Ocean,  ao,  44, 
2i,  16,  23,  37;  discoveries  of,  22, 
436;  death,  23,  yj 

Balbus,  Lucius  Cornelius  (1st  century 
B.  C),  a  Roman  politician:  acts  as 
Caesar's   representative,   3,  370 

Balearic,  Juan  Ramon  ( 1773-1833),  an 
Argentine  general:  made  Minister 
of  War,  21,  122 

Baldwin  (I)  Bras-de-fer  (d.  879  A. 
D.),  Count  of  Flanders:  marries 
Judith,  13,  20 

Baldwin  (IV)  of  the  Comely  Beard 
(ca.  1000  A.  D.),  Count  of  Flanders: 
joins  league  against  the  emperor, 
13.  22 

Baldwin  V  (d.  1067).  Count  of  Flan- 
ders: guardian  of  Philip  I  of  France, 
9,  68;  aids  William  the  Conqueror, 
13.  25;  revolt  of.  18,  130 

Baldwin,  Archbishop  of  Treves  (ca. 
1310):  intriRuc  of,   18,   185 

Baldwin,    Abraham     (1754-1807),    an 


American  politician:  in  first  con- 
gress, 23,  342 

Bale:  see  Basel 

Baleg  ben  Bakir  (ca.  735  A.  D.),  an 
Egyptian  commander:  expelled 
from  Africa,  8,  65;  his  campaigns  in 
Spain,  66 

Balfour  Act  (1891),  12,  242  note 

Baligny,  Marquis  de  (ca.  1595):  gov- 
ernor of  Cambray,  13,  162 

Baliol,  John  (1249-1315),  King  of 
Scotland:  made  king,  9,  87;  homage 
to  Edward  I,  11,  147;  renounces 
his  homage,  148 

Balkan,  The,  southeastern  peninsula 
of  Europe,  14,  62 

Ball,  John  (d.  1381),  an  English 
priest:  imprisoned,  II,  174 

Ballard  (d.  1586),  an  English  priest: 
plots  against  Elizabeth,  II,  294 

Balleny  (ca.  1838),  an  English  ex- 
plorer:  explorations   of,    16,   334 

Balliol,  Edward  (d.  1363) :  claims 
Scottish  throne,  II,  157,  12,  285 

Balliol,    John    de:    see    Baliol,    John 

Ballivian,  Adolfo  (1831-1874):  presi- 
dent of  Bolivia,  ai,  191 

Ballivian,  Jose  (1804-1852),  president 
of  Bolivia  1841-1847:  made  vice- 
president  of  Bolivia,  ai,  187 

Balloch,  Donald  (ca.  1430),  Lord  of 
the  Isles,  a  leader  of  a  Scottish 
clan:  defeats  Scots,  ia,  292 

Ballot  Act,  in  English  history  an  act 
which  made  it  impossible  to  know 
how  any  man's  vote  was  given: 
passed   (1872),  II,  627 

Ball's  Bluff,  Virginia:  battle  of  (1861), 

24.  757 
Ballynahinch,      Ireland:      battle      of 

(1798),  12,  213 
Balmaceda,  Jose  Manuel  (1838-1891). 

a    Chilean    statesman:    president    of 

Chile,  21,  238,  24,  978;  death  of,  SI, 

239 
Balogh,  Janos   (19th   century),    Hun- 
garian   statesman:    in    the    diet    of 

183 1,   17.  339 

Balta,  Russia:  siege  of  (1768),  14,  3^1 
Balta,  Jos*  (1816-1872),   Peruvian  sol- 
dier and  statesman:  heads  conspir- 
acy, ai,  208;  becomes   president  of 
Peru,  209;  assassinated,  210 


64 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Baltadji  Mohammed  Pasha  (d.  1712), 
Turkish  statesman  and  general, 
vizier  of  Turkey:  account  of,  14, 
279 

Balthasar,  Franz  Urs  (ca.  1750),  Swiss 
patriotic  writer:  sketch  of,  13,  490 

Baltic  Provinces,  The,  collective  name 
for  three  governments  of  Russia 
bordering  on  the  Baltic:  Russia 
withdraws  from,  15,  17;  Swedes 
driven  out  of,  42;  serfs  emancipated 
in,  264;  attempts  to  Russianize,  342; 
lost  to  Germany,  18,  262;  taken  by 
Peter  the  Great,  317 

Baltimore,  Maryland:  British  attack, 
23,  427;  population  in  time  of 
Jackson,  479;  first  national  conven- 
tion for  nominating  president,  498; 
Democratic  convention  (1840),  24, 
522;  Democratic  and  Whig  conven- 
tions (1844),  536;  Democratic  con- 
vention (1848),  555;  Democratic 
convention  (1852),  619;  Whig  con- 
vention (1852),  620;  convention  of 
Constitutional  Union  Party,  680; 
Democratic  convention  (i860),  682; 
Sixth  Massachusetts  attacked  by 
mob,  715;  bridges  destroyed,  716; 
placed  under  military  government, 
716;  Lincoln  nominated  by  conven- 
tion at,  800;  Lincoln's  body  carried 
through,  827;  Democratic  conven- 
tion (1872),  892 

"Baltimore,"  American  vessel:  in 
Valparaiso,  21,  240,  24,  978 

Baltimore,  Cecilius  Calvert,  Lord 
(1605-1675),  English  nobleman:  first 
proprietor  of  Maryland,  23,  69;  pro- 
prietor of  Delaware,  108;  boundary 
dispute  with  Penn,  no,  112 

Baltimore,  George  Calvert  (1580- 
1632),  founder  of  Maryland:  sketch 
of,  23,  68 

Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad:  first 
spike  driven,  23,  480 

Baluchistan:  see  Gedrosia 

Baluchistan,  British,  Asia:  organized 
1887,  5,  266 

Balza,  Colonel  (ca.  i860),  Bolivian 
general:  aids  rebellion  of  Fernan- 
dez, 21,  189 

Bambarras,  natives  of  Africa:  sketch 
of,  19,  148 


Bamberg,  Bavaria:  taken  by  Bernard 
of  Saxe-Weimar,  18,  285 

Bancal-des-Issarts  (1750-1826),  French 
magistrate:  appointed  deputy  to  the 
Versailles  assembly,  10,  69 

Bancroft,  George  (1800-1891),  Amer- 
ican historian,  statesman  and  diplo- 
mat: in  American  literature,  23,  481 

Bancroft,   Hubert    Howe    (1832 ), 

American  historian:  quoted  on 
origin  of  American  Indians,  23,  3 

Band  of  the  Mad  Life  (1477),  Swiss 
patriotic  club:   founded,   13,  410 

Banda,  British  India:  taken  by  the 
English  (1810),  20,  143 

Banda,  Sikh  leader  (ca.  1750):  fate  of, 
5,  126 

Banddin,  Count  (ca.  1880),  German 
scholar:  founds  the  Society  for  Ger- 
man colonization,  19,  129 

Bande  (1830),  French  editor:  opposes 
the  decrees  of  July  25,   1830,  9,  390 

Baneces:  see  Paneces 

Baner,  Johan:  see  Banner,  Johan 

Banffy,  Count,  of  noble  Austria-Hun- 
garian family  of  late  19th  century: 
made  premier  of  Hungary,  17,  439; 
resigns,  440 

Bankhead,  Henry  C,  American  col- 
onel: in  the  Mexican  War,  22,  321 

Bankipur  (Banky-bazaar),  India: 
founded,  5,  172;  siege  of  (1733),  174 

Banks,  Banking: 

ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC:  estab- 
lishment of  new  national,  21,  257; 
failure  of  local,  257 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  establish- 
ment of  National  Bank  of  Austria, 
17,  328;  failure  of  joint-stock  banks, 
413;  establishment  of  National  Bank 
of  Hungary,  441 

BABYLONIA       and       ASSYRIA: 
Egibi  banking  firm,  1,  72 
CHINA:  failures  of  1887,  6,  255 
DENMARK:  national,  16,  263 
ENGLAND:      Bank     of     England 
founded,  11,  441;  cashing  of  checks 
in  six-pences,  487;  shortage  of  gold, 
546;  resumption  of  payment  in  gold, 
57i 

FRANCE:  Law's  plans,  9,  229; 
Bank  of  Discount,  10,  27;  Necker's 
policy,    29;     Calonne's     policy,    31; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


65 


Caisse    Patriotique,    io7;    issue    of 
paper  currency,  165;  Bank  of  France, 

448 

INDIA:  paper  currency,  3.  243 
ITALY:  bank  scandals,  4,  401 
JAPAN:    financial    embarrassment, 
7,  182;  Hypothe  Banks,  243 
THE   NETHERLANDS:    Bank   of 
Amsterdam,  13,  195 
'  NORWAY:  establishment  of  banks, 
16,  262 

PERSIA:     introduction     of     bank- 
notes,  5,  335;   establishment   of   an 
imperial  bank,  364 
PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS:    Postal 
Savings,  20,  378 

ROME:  money  lending,  3.  387,  389 
SWITZERLAND:    Savings    Banks, 

13.  522 

UNITED  STATES:  Bank  of  North 
America,  23.  293;  founding  of  na- 
tional banks,  352:  re-charter  of  Na- 
tional Bank  (1816),  438;  establish- 
ment of  State  banks,  23,  439.  24, 
1092;  Jackson's  hostility  to  a  na- 
tional bank,  500;  suspension  of 
specie  payments,  23,  512,  24,  1092; 
proposed  reestablishment  of  na- 
tional bank,  24,  527;  national  sys- 
tem of  banking,  820;  resumption  of 
specie  payments,  899,  923 
Banks,  Nathaniel  Prentiss  (1816- 
1894),  American  politician  and  gen- 
eral: commands  Union  forces  in  the 
Shenandoah  valley,  24,  7591  takes 
Port  Hudson,  778 
Banner  (Baner,  Banier),  Johan  (The 
Lion  of  Sweden)  (1596^1641),  Swed- 
ish general:  campaigns  of,  16,  186, 
17.  212,  18,  280,  289 
Bannockburn,      Scotland:      battle      of 

(1314),  11.  153.  "2.  59,  280 
Banquet  of  October  First,  The,  10,  92 
Bantam,  Java:  captured  by  the  Dutch 

(1682),  5.  167 
Ban  try  Bay   Expedition   (i79°)»   from 

France  to  Ireland,  1 1,  546 
Baptista,     Mariano     (19th     century) 
South    American    patriot:    president 
of  Bolivia,  21,  243 
Baptists,  a  religious  sect  who  insist  on 
total  immersion  for  baptism:  perse- 


cuted in  New  England,  23,  147;  per- 
secuted in  Virginia,  149;  divide  into 
Northern  and  Southern  wings,  24, 
604 

Bar,  Confederation  of  (1768),  a  union 
of  Polish  patriots,  formed  at  Bar 
(Russia)  against  the  Russian  influ- 
ence, 15.  174.  384 

Bar-Cochebas  (ca.  100  A.  D.),  Hebrew 
leader:  heads  rebellion  of  Jews,  4, 
92 

Baracoa,  Cuba:  settled,  22,  447 

Barante,  Aimable  Guillaume  Prosper 
Brugiere,  Baron  de  (1782-1866), 
French  statesman  and  historian: 
leader  of  the  doctrinaires,  9,  372 

Baratieri  (late  19th  century),  Italian 
commander:  his  campaigns  in 
Abyssinia,  4,  404.  *9.  249 

Barba,  Pedro  (ca.  1500),  Spanish  of- 
ficer: ordered  to  arrest  Cortez,  22, 
n 

Barbadoes,  British  West  Indies:  oc- 
cupied by  the  English,  20,  67; 
growth  of,  70;  English  policy  con- 
cerning, 101;  hurricane  of  1831,  237 

Barbara,  wife  of  Sigismund  (ca.  1400) : 
conspiracy  of,  18,  211 

Barbaresque  Regencies  in  Turkey: 
growth  of,  14.  252;  relation  to  Tur- 
key, 365 

"Barbarian":  as  distinct  from  Hel- 
lene, 2,  25,  33 

Barbarian  Invasions:  see  Invasions, 
Barbarian 

Barbarossa,  Khair-ed-Din  (d.  1546). 
Bey  of  Algiers  1518:  his  conquest  of 
Tunis.  9,  142;  account  of,  14,  161 

Barbaroux,  Charles  Jean  Marie  (1767- 
1794),  a  Girondist  orator:  incites  in- 
surrection in  the  departments,  9, 
284;  death  of,  10,  279 

Barbary  States,  Africa:  Charles  V's 
war  with  the,  18.  251:  troubles  with 
the  United  States,  23,  321;  levy 
blackmail,  393 

Barte-Marbois,  Francois,  Marquis  de 
(1745-1837),  a  French  statesman: 
made  president  of  the  ancients,  9, 
303;  made  minister  of  justice,  367; 
elected  president  of  the  elder  coun- 
cil, 10,  386 
Barber,    General    a    general    in    Irish 


66 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Rebellion:  in  Rebellion  of  1798,  12, 

213 

Barbes,  Armand  (1809-1870),  a  French 
revolutionist:  leader  of  the  Society 
of  the  Seasons,  9,  417;  opposes  the 
provisional  government,  436;  trial 
of,  438 

Barbiano,  Alberic  di  (d.  1409),  an 
Italian  general:  reforms  military 
organization  of  Italy,  4,  253;  at  bat- 
tle of  Brescia  (1401),  18,  199 

Barbo,  Pietro:  see  Paul  II 

Barbosa,  Ruy  (ca.  1889),  a  Brazilian 
journalist:  leads  Republican  party, 
21,  252;  member  of  provisional  gov- 
ernment, 253 

Barbour,  David  Miller  (ca.  1890) : 
finance  member  of  the  governor- 
general's  council,  5,  247 

Barbour,  John  (1316-1395),  Archdea- 
con of  Aberdeen:  quoted  on  Robert 
Bruce,  12,  278 

Barbuk,  Sultan  of  Egypt  1382:  reign 
of,  I,  36 

Barcelona,  Spain:  opened  to  Syrian 
vessels,  1,  316;  captured  by  Chris- 
tians (801  A.  D.),  8,  219;  sieges  of 
(1691),  384;  (1694),  384;  (1705),  8, 
395,  9,  222,  11,  456;  (1714),  8,  402 

Barcelona,  Treaty  of  (1493),  a  treaty 
between  Charles  VIII  of  France 
and  Spain,  9,  129 

Barcides  (ca.  225  B.  C),  Spanish 
kingdom:  kingdom  of,  founded,  3, 
112 

Barclay,  Commodore,  an  English 
commodore  in  War  of  1812:  com- 
mands  British   fleet,   23,  423 

Barclay  de  Tolly,  Prince  Michael  An- 
dreas (1761-1818),  a  Russian  field 
marshal:  his  campaign  against 
France,  15,  219 

Bardes  of  Persia  (ca.  525  B.  C), 
brother  of  Cambyses:  slain  by 
Cambyses,  2,  128 

Barebone's  Parliament  (1653),  11,  366 

Baredo  (d.  1878),  South  American 
statesman:  president  of  Paraguay, 
21,  260 

Barentin,  Keeper  of  Seals  of  France, 
1789:  makes  speech  at  the  opening 
of  the  States-General,  10,  43;  op- 
poses influence  of  Necker,  50 


Barents,  William  (d.  1597),  a  Dutch 
Arctic  navigator:  explorations  of, 
5,  154,  16,  302 

Bariatinski  (ca.  1730),  a  Russian 
noble:  supports  Anne,  15,  106 

Barid  Shahi  Dynasty,  India:  founded, 
5,  106 

Baring,        Evelyn,        Earl        Cromer 

(1841 ),     an     English     financier: 

sketch  of,  5,  260;  his  work  in  Egypt, 
11,  638 

Baring,  Thomas  George,  Baron 
Northbrook:  see  Northbrook, 
Thomas  George  Baring,  Baron 

Barker,  Wharton  (1846 ),  Ameri- 
can statesman:  nominated  for  Presi- 
dent, 24,   1038 

Barlaimont  (Barlaymont),  Charles, 
Count  de  (d.  1379),  a  Dutch  states- 
man: sketch  of,  13,  76;  takes  the 
new  oath  of  allegiance,  102;  opposes 
Alva's  taxation,  no;  member  of 
governing  council  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 120 

Barlow,  Arthur  (1550-1620),  an  Eng- 
lish   navigator:    explores    Virginia, 

23,  53 

Barlow,  Sir  George  Hilaro  (1762- 
1847) :  his  governor-generalship  of 
India,  5,  204 

Barnave,  Antoine  Pierre  Joseph 
Marie  (1761-1793),  a  French  revo- 
lutionist: death  of,  9,  287;  leader  of 
national  party,  10,  81;  opposes 
the  granting  of  the  veto  power  to 
the  king,  119;  directs  the  Jacobin 
Club,  128;  escorts  Louis  XVI  back 
to  Paris,  138;  his  speech  in  the  as- 
sembly on  the  question  of  the 
king's  trial,  140 

Barnburners,  the  radical  Democrats 
in  1848:  sketch  of,  24,  555;  hold  con- 
vention at  Utica,  559; 

Barnet  (Chipping  Barnet),  England: 
battle  of  (147O,  «»  217 

Barneveldt,  John  of  Olden  (iS47- 
1619),  a  Dutch  statesman:  opposes 
Leicester,  13,  151,  152;  his  antipathy 
toward  Maurice  of  Saxony,  176;  his 
mission  to  England,  178;  favors 
peace  with  Spain,  185;  joins  the 
Arminians,  194;  arrest  and  death  of, 
199 


GENERAL    INDEX 


67 


Barnwell,  John  (ca.  1671-1724),  an 
American  colonial  soldier:  in  war 
with  Tuscaroras,  23,  75 

Barons,  Revolts  of  the,  in  Knylish  his- 
tory: (1075),  11,  78;  (1087),  8a; 
(1172-1174),  108;  (1215),  126 

Barradas,  Isidro  (1 775-1841),  a  Span- 
ish general:  commands  expedition 
against   Mexico,  22,  270 

Barragan,  Miguel  (1789-1836),  a  Mex- 
ican general:  receives  surrender  of 
Spanish,  22,  270;  made  vice-presi- 
dent, 272 

Barras,  Paul  Jean  Francois  Nicolas, 
Count  of  (1755-1829),  a  French  rev- 
olutionist: made  commander-in- 
chief  of  convention  forces,  9,  295; 
appointed  member  of  the  directory, 
296;  appointed  commander  of  the 
armed  force  under  the  directory, 
10.  357;  chosen  a  member  of  the 
directory,  361;  harangues  Bona- 
parte on  his  return  to  Paris,  397; 
his  dissolute  course  of  life,  401 ;  his 
change  of  party,  406;  treats  with 
the  pretender,  406;  resigns,  412 

Barraza,  Juan  (ca.  1645),  a  Mexican 
soldier:  his  campaigns  in  Indian  re- 
bellions, 22,  168,  169 

Barraza,  Nicholas  (ca.  1675),  a  Mexi- 
can commander:  crushes  the  Indian 
rebellions,  22,   174 

Barri,  Isaac  (1726-1802),  British  of- 
ficer and  politician:  at  siege  of  Que- 
bec, 23,  194 

Barrere  de  Vieuzac,  Bertrand  (1755- 
1841),  French  Jacobin  demagogue: 
made  member  of  the  committee  of 
safety,  9,  285;  elected  member  of 
the  States-General,  10,  39;  proposes 
liberal  measures  in  the  convention, 
273;  character  and  principles  of, 
300;  arrest  and  trial  of,  333 

Barreto,  Francisco  (d.  1574),  Portu- 
guese soldier:  viceroyal  of  the 
Indies,  8,  437;   explorations  of,   19, 

23 

Barricades,  Battle  of  the  (Paris): 
(1588),  9.  163 

Barricades,  King  of  the:  see  Louis 
Philippe,  King  of  France 

Barrier,  Treaty  of  the  (1715),  con- 
cluded between  the   states  of   Hol- 


land and  Charles  VI  of  Germany: 
13.  252 

Barrington,  Sir  Jonah  (1760-1834),  an 
Irish  judge:  opposes  Union,  12,  215 

Barrington,  Samuel  (1729-1800),  Eng- 
lish admiral:  captures  the  Island  of 
Guadaloupe,   20.    118 

Barrios,  Justo  Rufino  (1834-1886), 
statesman  of  Guatemala:  career  of, 
22,  438 

Barroccio  (ca.  1550),  celebrated  Ital- 
ian engineer:  his  services  to  the 
Spanish  in  the  Netherlands,  13.   147 

Barrot,  Camille  Hyacinthe  Odillon 
(1791-1873),  French  advocate  and 
statesman:  opposes  abolition  of 
capital  punishment,  9,  396;  leads  op- 
position to  Guizot's  ministry,  424; 
opposes  Guizot's  foreign  policy, 
430;  placed  at  the  head  of  first  re- 
publican cabinet,  438 

Barrow,  Henry  (d.  1593),  English  re- 
ligious reformer:  hanged,   II,  301 

Barrow,  Sir  John  (1764-1848),  Eng- 
lish writer  and  traveller:  influences 
Parliament  to  offer  a  reward  for 
polar  discoveries,  16,  306 

Barry,  Jeanne  Becu,  Counjtess  of 
( 1 746-1 793),  French  court  lady:  her 
relations  with  Louis  XV,  9,  248 

Bart  (Barth  or  Baert),  Jean  du  (1651- 
1702),  French  naval  hero:  destroys 
English  commerce,  9,  219;  sketch 
of,  13,  245;  defeat  of,  18,  307 

Bartenstein,  Treaty  of,  concluded  be- 
tween England,  Austria,  Russia  and 
Sweden  against  Napoleon  (1807), 
16,  251 

Barth,  Heinrich  (1821-1865),  German 
traveller:    explorations    of,    19,    50, 

147 

Barthe,  Felix  (1795-1863).  French 
jurist  and  statesman:  made  minis- 
ter of  justice,  9,  399;  in  Soult's  min- 
istry, 402;  given  portfolio  of  justice 
in  Mole's  cabinet,  412 

Barthelemy,  Francois.  Marquis  de 
(1747-1830),  French  diplomat  and 
politician:  banished  and  proscribed, 
9.  305;  replaces  Le  Tourneur  in  the 
directory,  10,  386 

Barthelsen,  Ivar  (ca.  1550).  Scandina- 
vian pastor:  persecution  of,  16.  iff 


68 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Barton,  Andrew  (d.  151 1),  Scottish 
naval  commander:  sketch  of,  12, 
299 

Barwalde,  Treaty  of,  concluded  be- 
tween France  and  Gustavus  Adol- 
phus  of  Sweden  (1631),  16,  181 

Bascany  (ca.  1800),  Austria-Hun- 
garian Liberalist:  imprisonment  of, 

17,  332 

Basel  (Bale),  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(57  B.  C),  18,  11;  a  member  of 
the  Union  of  Rhenish  Cities,  18, 
175;  insurrection  in  (1798),  13,  509; 
missionary  society  of,  19,  92;  Uni- 
versity of,  13,  428 

Basel,  Council  of,  great  reforming 
council  to  unite  the  Greek  and 
Latin  churches  (1431-1449),  17,  136, 

18,  210 

Basel,  Treaties  of:  (1)  concluded  be- 
tween Germany  and  Switzerland, 
(1499),  13,  419.  17,  173,  18,  227; 
(2)  concluded  between  France  and 
Prussia  and  Spain  (1795),  8,  482, 
9,  293,  10,  347,  18,  357 

Baselland  (ca.  1850),  Swiss  patriot: 
assumes  the  leadership  of  the  Dem- 
ocrats, 13,  565 

Bashi-bazouks,  Turkish  volunteers 
and  auxiliaries  serving  without  pay 
or  uniform:  description  of,  15,  333 
note 

Bashpa's  Alphabet  (ca.  1350),  Mon- 
golian alphabet,  6,  25 

Basle:  see  Basel 

Bassano,  Italy:  battle  of  (1796),  9, 
300 

Bassano,  Hugues  Bernard  Maret, 
Duke  of  (1763-1839),  French 
statesman  and  diplomat:  his  min- 
istry, 9,  407;  negotiates  with  Aus- 
tria, 17,  307;  issues  proclamation  to 
Hungary,  335 

Bassein,  British  Burma:  sacked  by 
the  Marathas  (1739),  5,  152 

Bassein,  Treaty  of,  concluded  be- 
tween the  Maratha  states  of  India 
and  England  (1802),  5,  136,  200 

Bassianus:  see  Elagabalus 

Bassora,  Arabia:  founded,  1,  201,  5, 
322;  battle  of,  x,  246 

Bassus,  Lucilius  (1st  century  A.  D.), 


Roman  general:  his  campaign 
against  the  Jews,  1,  412 

Basta,  George  (1550-1607),  German 
general:  governs  Transylvania,  17, 
223 

Bastidas,  Rodrigo  de  (16th  century), 
Spanish  explorer:  discoveries  of, 
21,  16 

Bastile,  state  prison  in  Paris:  siege  of 
(1789),  9,  264,  10,  63 

Bastwick,  John  (1593-1654),  English 
physician  and  theologian:  tried  be- 
fore the  Star  Chamber,  11,  333 

Basutoland,  South  Africa:  annexed  by 
Great  Britain,  19,  51,  81,  216;  sketch 
of,  20,  259 

Batabano,  Cuba:  founded,  22,  447 

Batavi,  Germanic  tribe:  location  of, 
18,  6;  join  Gauls  in  revolt  against 
Rome,  23;  subdued  by  Cerealis,  24; 
relation  of,  to  the  Franks,  28 

Batavia,  Java:  founded,  20,  57;  mas- 
sacre of  the  Chinese  (1740),  113; 
taken  by  the  English  (181 1),  144, 
288 

Batavian  Republic,  formed  by  France 
out  of  the  Netherlands,  10,  347,  13, 
266,  18,  357 

Bates  Case  (English  History),  ton- 
nage and  poundage  upheld  by 
courts  (1608),  11,  309 

Bates,  Edward  (1793-1869),  American 
statesman  and  jurist:  candidate  for 
Presidential  nomination  (i860),  24, 
680;  Attorney-General,  708 

Batetela  Mutiny,  The  (1897),  in 
Africa,  19,  254 

Bath,  William  Pulteney,  Earl  of:  see 
Pulteney,  William,  Earl  of  Bath 

Bathory,  Stephen  (1522-1586),  King 
of  Poland  1575-1586:  relations  with 
Russians,  15,  17;  organizes  Cossack 
regiments,  25;  reign  of,  382;  acces- 
sions of,  17,  220;  his  reign  in  Tran- 
sylvania, 223 

Bathsheba,  wife  of  David:  wins  crown 
for  Solomon,  1,  386 

Batis  (ca.  330  B.  C),  Persian  gover- 
nor: slain  by  Alexander,  2,  495 

Batiuchkov,  Constantine  Nikolaivitch 
(1787-1855),  a  Russian  poet  and 
critic:  sketch  of,  15,  269 


<;i:\  krai.    i  n  or.  x 


69 


Batlle,  Lorenxo  (1812 — — ),  president 
of  Uruguay  1868-1872:  his  adminis- 
tration as  president  of  Uruguay,  21, 
146 

Batlle  y  Ordonez,  Juan,  president  of 
Uruguay  1903 :  elected  presi- 
dent of  Uruguay,  ai,  259 

Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana:  confederates 
sieze  arsenal,  24,  691 

Batory  (ca.  1475),  a  Bohemian  lieu- 
tenant: his  campaign  against  the 
Turks,  17,  163 

Batory,  Andrew  (ca.  1597),  a  cardinal 
in  Transylvania:  advises  against 
the  ceding  of  Transylvania  to  Aus- 
tria, 17,  223 

Batory,  Gabriel,  Prince  of  Transyl- 
vania   1608:  elected,   17,  224 

Batory,  Sigismund  (ca.  1575),  Prince 
of  Transylvania:  career  of,  17,  223 

Batory,  Stephen:  see  Bathory 

Batootah  (ca.  1330),  Arabian  traveler: 
at  the  court  of  Mohammed  Tug- 
lak,  5,  141 

Battalion  of  Patriots  in  French  his- 
tory: enrollment  of  the,  10,  357 

Batthyany,  Count  Louis  (1809-1849), 
a  Hungarian  statesman:  chancellor 
of  Hungary,  17,  254;  forms  Hun- 
garian ministry,  368;  resigns  his 
government  office,  370;  made  min- 
ister of  foreign  affairs  in  Hungary, 
372;  death  of,  373 

Battin,  Turkey:  Turkish  defeat  at 
(1810),  14,  406 

Battle  of  the  British  Soldiers,  The: 
see  Inkerman,  Battle  of  (1854) 

Battle  of  the  Fifth  of  November, The: 
see  Inkerman,  Battle  of  (1854) 

Battle  of  the  Giants,  The:  see  Mar- 
ignano.  Battle  of  (1515) 

Battle  of  the  Kings  and  Nations,  The: 
see  Leipsic,  Battle  of  (181 3) 

Battle  of  Nations,  The:  sec  Leipsic, 
Battle  of  (1813) 

Battle  of  the  Peoples,  The:  see  Leip- 
sic, Battle  of  (1813) 

Battle  of  the  Spurs,  The:  sec  Court- 
rai:  Battle  of  (130a);  also  see  Guine- 
gate:  Battle  of  (1513) 

Battle  of  Three  Emperors,  The:  see 
Austerlitz:  Battle  of  (1805) 


Battle  Which   Lasted  a  Week,  The: 

see  Tours:  Battle  of  (732  A.  D.) 
Battles  and  Sieges: 

B.  C. 

ca.  1575.     Avarias  and  Sherohan,  1, 
21 

ca.  1550.     Megiddo,  1,  23 

ca.  1300.     Shcchem,  1,  380 

ca.  1259.     Askalon,  1,  29 

1250.     Gibeon,  1,  377 

ca.  950.     Jerusalem,  1,  30 

854.     Karkar  (Aroer),  1,  80,  84,  123, 
300 

842.     Shenir,  1,  81 

842.     Damascus,  I,  81,  392 

840.     Cadiz,  8,   13 

805.     Damascus,  1,  393 

ca.  800.     Dur-Papsukul,  1,  81 

740.     Arpad,  I,  393 

734.     Damascus,  I,  83 

729.     Durilu,  1,  84 

724-722.     Samaria,  1,  394 

701.     Tyre,   I,    124 

ca.  701.     Raphia,  1,  84. 

ca.  701.     Jerusalem,   1,  397 

691.     Khalub,   1,  88 

670.     Tyre,   1,  90 

645.     Eira,  a,  75 

639.     Sippara,  1,  401 

608-606     Nineveh,  I,  399 

608.     Megiddo,  1,  399 

606.     Carchemish   (Jcrablus),    I,  32, 

92,  399 
598-585.     Tyre,  I,  125 

598.  Jerusalem,  1,  399 
587-586.     Jerusalem,  I,  92,  400 

570.  Momemphis,  I,  32 

547.  Halys,  I,  146 

546.  Sardis,  I,  145 

540.  Cumae,  a,  218,  219 

538.  Babylon,  a,  126 

506.  Aricia,  3,  56 

506.  Cumae  (Kyme),  3,  57 

499.  Lake  Regillus,  3,  62 

499.  Clazomenae,  a,  135 

406.  Lade,  a,  137 

490.  Marathon,   I,  166 

485-  Camarina,  a,  217 

480.  Thermopylae  Pass,  a,  190 

480.  Salamis,  a,  202 

480.  Artemisium,  a,  189 

479.  Thebes,  a,  211 


70 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Battles,  cont. 

390. 

479- 

Plataea,  1,  166,  2,  209 

376. 

479- 

Mycale,  2,  212 

376. 

478. 

Byzantium,  3,  222 

376. 

474- 

Cumae,  2,  219 

371- 

468. 

Tegia,  3,  237 

369. 

467. 

Eurymedon,  2,  234 

367- 

463. 

Papremis,  1,  32 

367. 

457- 

Tanagra,  2,  244 

365- 

457- 

Naupactus,  2,  246 

362. 

454- 

Oenophyta,  2,  245 

358. 

447- 

Caroneia,  2,  248 

358. 

445- 

Byzantium,  2,  260,  26: 

358. 

ca.  445.     Samos,  2,  260 

357- 

439- 

Eretria,  2,  361 

345- 

433- 

Sybata,  2,  268 

343- 

429. 

Plataea,  2,  288 

341. 

429. 

Phormio,  2,  290 

341- 

429. 

Naupactus,  2,  290 

340. 

428. 

Mitylene,  2,  291 

340. 

427-425.     Plataea,  2,  297 

339- 

425. 

Pylos,   2,   302 

338. 

425. 

Sphacteria,  2,  303 

338. 

424. 

Delium,  2,  311 

334- 

424. 

Capua,  3,  65 

2, 

422. 

Amphipolis,  2,  317 

333- 

418. 

Mantinea,  2,  326 

332. 

415. 

Cumae,  2,  414 

332- 

414. 

Syracuse,  2,  337 

331. 

411. 

Samos,  2,  357 

331. 

410. 

Cyzicus,  2,  365 

331. 

410. 

Catana,   2,   408 

330. 

409. 

Ephesus,  2,  367 

327. 

409. 

Chalcedon,  2,  367 

327. 

409. 

Acragas,  2,  410 

327- 

408. 

Byzantium,  2,  367 

326. 

408. 

Natium,  2,  369 

321. 

408. 

Himera,  2,  409 

319. 

406. 

Mitylene,  2,  371 

311. 

406. 

Arginusae,  2,  372 

310. 

405. 

Athens,  2,  376 

305. 

405. 

Aegospotami,  2,  375 

299. 

404. 

Catana,  2,  413 

295- 

404. 

Athens,  2,  377 

285. 

404. 

Aegospotami,  2,  377 

283. 

401. 

Cunaxa,  1,  167,  2,  389 

282. 

399- 

Cyme,  2,  391 

280. 

397- 

Corinth,  2,  446 

280. 

395- 

Haliartus,  2,  398 

280. 

394- 

Cnidus,  2,  401 

279. 

394- 

Coroneia,  2,  400 

275. 

392. 

Cadmeia,  2,  422 

275- 

391- 

Clusium,  3,  59 

265. 

Allia,  3,  59 

Thespiae,  2,  430 

Naxos,  2,  430 

Corcyra,  2,  430 

Leuctra,  2,  436 

Epidaurus,  2,  443 

Lilybaeum,  2,  415 

Alba,  3,  59 
■357.     Chios,   2,  454 

Mantinea,  2,  449 

Pyrgi,  3,  57 

Pydna,  2,  459 

Potidaea,  2,  459 

Chios,  2,  454 

Sora,  3,  65 

Pelusium   (Furmah),  1,  33 

Perinthus,   2,  473 
340.     Byzantium,   2,  473 

Trifanum,  3,  67 

Perinthus,  2,  473 

Crimesus,  2,  417 

Thebes,  2,  478 

Chaeroneia,  2,  477 

Graneikos   (Granicus),   1,   168, 
488 

ISSOS   (ISSUS),   I,    l68,   2,  492 

Tyre,  1,  125,  168,  2,  494 
331.     Gaza,  2,  495 
Gaugamela,  1,  169 
Arbela,  1,  169,  2,  496 
Babylon,  2,  497 
Persepolis,  2,  498 
Sangala,  5,  68 
Palaepolis,   3,   69 
Jehlam,  5,  67 
Multan,  5,  69 
Caudine  Pass,  3,  69 
Luceria,  3,  70 
Nuceria,  3,  82 
Vadimonian  Lake,  3,  71 
Bovianum,  3,  71 
Sentinum,  3,  72 
Sentinum,  3,  72 
Arretium,  3,  75 
Lake  Vadimo,  3,  75 
Populonia,  3,  75 
Thurii,  3,  74 
Heraclea,  1,  352 
Siris,  3,  77 
Ausculum,  3,  78 
Messana,  3,  99 
Beneventum,  2,  516,  3,  80 
Messano,  3,  100 


GENERAL    INDEX 


71 


Battles,  cont 

260.  Mylae,  3,  101 

256.  Ecnomus,  3,  101 

252.  Lilybaeum,  3,  103 

252,  Drcpana,  3,  103 

252.  Panormus,  3,  103 

249.  Lilybaeum,  3,  103 

241.  Acgusa,  3,  105 

236.  Ariminum,  3,   109 

235.  Saguntum,  8,   15 

225.  Tclamon,  3,  109 

224.  Telamon,  3,  109 

222.  Milan,  3,   109 

219.  Saguntum,  3,  114 

218.  Vercellac,  3,  116 

218.  Trebia,  3,  117 

217.  Raphia,  1,  404 

217.  Lake  Trasimcne,  3,  118 

216.  Cannae,  3,  120 

215.  Nola,  3,  123 

212.  Syracuse,  3,  124 

208.  Nola,  3,   128 

208.  Baecula,  3,  127 

208.  Metaurus,  3,  128 

208.  Grumentum,  3,  128 

207.  Metaurus,  3,  128 

206.  Carthagena,  8,  18 
ca.  205.     Raphia,  I,  34 

204.  Great  Plains,  3,  130 

203.  Milan,  3,  130 

202.  Zama,  3,   130 

200.  Cremona,  3,  133 

198.  Paneas,    1,  404 

197-  Cynoscephalae,  2,  518,  3,  141 

192.  Thermopylae,  3,  144 

192.  Thapsus,  3,   144 

190.  Magnesia,  3,  144 

171.  Larissa,  3,  149 

168.  Scodra,  3,  150 

168.  Pydna,  a,  519,  3,  150 

166.  Bethhoron,  1,  406 

162.  Jerusalem,  1,  406 

149.  Carthage,  3,   164 

147.  Corinth,  2,  520 

146.  Leucopetra,  3,  166 
144-133-     Numantia,  8,  19 
134-132.     Tauromenium,  3,  173 

134.  Agrigentum,  3,  173 

113.  Aquileia,  3,   193 

113.  Norcia,  17.  11,  18,  4 

112.  Cirta,  3,  188 

109.  Suthul,  3,  189 

107.  Aginnum,  13,  329 


105.     Arausio,  3,   193 

102-10!.     Vercellae,  3,  195 

102.     Aix    (Aquae    Sextiae),   3,    194. 

17,  11,  18,  4 
101.     Vercellae    (Vercelli),    3.    195. 

17,  11,  18,  s 
87.     Rome,  3,  222 
87.     Athens,  3,  217 
86.     Orchomcnus,  3,  218 
86.     Chacronca,  3,  218 
86.     Athens,  a,  522 
85.     Orchomenus,  3,  218 
83.     Sacriportus,  3,  227 
83.     Capua,  3,  226 
82.     Sacriportus,  3,  227 
82.     Praeneste,  3,  227 
79.     Isaura,  3,  260 
77.     Xucar,  8,  21 
72.     Mount  Garganus,  3,  262 
71.     Cydonia,  3,  260 

68.  Cydonia,  3,  260 
61.     Lerida,  8,  22 

58.     Bibracte,  13,  329 

57.     Basel  (Bale),  18,  11 

57.     Aisne,  9,  8 

54.     Seleucia,  3.  322 

54.     Ichnae,  3,  323 

53.     Carrhae,  3.  324 

52.     Alesia,  3,  306,  9,  11 

52.     Gergovia    (Clermont),  9,   10 

51-46.     Uxellodunum,  3,  308 

49-     Utica,  3,  342 

49.     Sardinia,  3,  342 

48.     Pharsalus,  3,  348,  350 

48.     Gomphi,  3,  348 

48.     Ziela,  3,  354 

48.     Nicopolis,  3,  354 

46.     Thapsus,  3,  358 

44.     Mutina,  4,  13 

42.     Philippi,  1,  408,  4,  18 

37.     Naulochus,  4,  21 

31.     Actium,  1,  35,  a,  255,  4,  25 

A.  D. 

9.     Winficld,  18,  19 

65.     Bethhoron,  I,  410 

67.     Gaumala,  1,  411 

67.     Tarichaca,  I,  411 

67.     Tiberias,    l,  411 

67.     Jotapata,  I,  411 

69-70.    Jerusalem,  4,  79 

69.  Redriacum.  4,  71,  72 

69.  Bozerg,  13.  33 1 

70.  Jerusalem,  I,  411,  4,  79 


72 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Battles,  cont. 

73.  Masada,   I,  412 

78.  Adrianople,   2.   529,   545 

101.  Sarmizegethusa,  17,  13 

101.  Temisvar,  17,  13 

161.  Elegia,  4,  96 

180.  Aquileia,  18,  26 

197.  Lugdunum,  4,   101 

218.  Hovmuz,  5,  315 

238.  Aquileia,  4,  108 

249.  Verona,  4,  109 

260.  Odessa,  4,  no 

269.  Naissus,  4,   no 

305.  Noviomagus,  4,  117 

312.  Milvian  Bridge,  4,  118 

312.  Turin,  4,  118 

312.  Verona,  4,  118 

319.  Mardia,  4,  119 

323.  Adrianople,  4,  119 

323.  Byzantium,  4,  120 

340.  Aquileia,  4,  123 

353.  Mursa,  4,  124 

359.  Strasburg   (Strassburg),   9,   14 

363.  Samrah,  5,  318 

378.  Adrianople,  4,  133,  18,  34 

389.  Siscia,  4,  135 

394.  Aquileia,  18,  35 

403.  Pollentia,  4,  138,  18,  35 

403.  Verona,  4,  138 

406.        Fiesole     (Faesulae),    4,    138, 

18,  38 

408.  Rome,  4,  140,  18,  36 

438.  Xenil,  8,  37 

ca.  450.     Tara,   12,  38 

451.  Chalons-sur-Marne,   2,   530,  4, 
148,  8,  38,  14,  4 

451.  Mery-sur-Seine,  9,  17 

451.  Orleans,  18,  41 

452.  Aquileia,  18,  42 
486.  Soissons,  18,  46 
489.  Verona,  4,  156 

ca.  490.     Mount   Badon,   11,   18 
493-495-     Ravenna,  3,  532,  4,  156 

496.  Tolbiac,  9,  19 

506.  Aries,  9,  20 

506.  Carcassonne,  8,  39,  9,  20 

507.  Poitiers,  8,  39,  9,  20 
507.  Vougle,  9,  20 

529.  Daras,  2,  532 

532.  Autun,   13,  337 

534.  Pappua,   18,  49 

543-  Antioch,  5,  319 
568-572.     Pavia,  18,  51 


571.  Bedford,  II,  24 

572.  Daras,  5,  319 
584.     Faddiley,  II,  25 

ca.  585.     Wanborough,   11,  25 
ca.  600.     Etampes,  9,  30 
ca.  600.     Sens,  9,  30 

612.  Tolbiac,  9,  31 

613.  Chester,  II,  31 
615.     Damascus,  5,  320 
615.     Jerusalem,  5,  320 
619.     Alexandria,   1,  35 
625.     Mount  Ohua,  I,  227 

627.  Nineveh,  5,  321 

628.  Khaibar,  1,  229 

629.  Muta,  1,  234 

630.  Honain,  1,  232 
630.     Tayef,  1,  232 

630.     Wogastiburg,  17,  20 
ca.  632.     Abyla,  1,  277 
633.     Bosra,  1,  268 
633.     Damascus,  1,  269 
633.     Heathfield,  11,  34 
636.     Cadesia    (Kadesia),   I,   260,    5, 
322 

636.  Yermuk,  1,  281 

637.  Ctesiphon,  1,  261 
637.     Jerusalem,   1,  282 

639.     Pelusium  (Furmah),  1,  35,  291 
641.     Alexandria,  1,  35 

641.  Nehavend,  I,  263,  5,  323 

642.  Maserfield,  11,  35 
655.     Winaed,  II,  35 
ca.  656.     Siffin,  1,  246 
ca.  658.     Bassora,  1,  246 
668-673.     Constantinople,  1,  327 
687.     Testry  (Testri),  9,  35,  18,  69 
699.     Utica,  1,  307 

702.     Kish,  1,  87 

711.     Cordova,  1,  314,  8,  50 

713.     Carmona,  8,  51 

713.     Merida,  8,  51 

713.     Seville,  8,  51 

713.  Toledo,  8,  51 

714.  Cologne,  18,  71 

717.  Vine,  9,  36 

718.  Constantinople,  1,  330,  2,  533 

720.  Soissons,  9,  36 

721.  Toulouse,  1,  335 
726.     Xeres,  1,  312 
ca.  731.     Aries,  1,  335 

732.     Tours  (Poitiers),  1,  338,  8,  65, 

9,  37,  14,  4,  18,  73 
736.     Cordova,  8,  65 


GENERAL    INDEX 


73 


Battles,  cont 

736.  Calatrava,  8,  66 

736.  Merida,  8,  66 

736.  Toledo,  8,  66 

750.  Bravalla,  16,  18 
ca.  750.     Kerbela,  I,  249 

754-  Pa  via,  18,  77,  79 

755.  Almunecar,  8,  68 

755.  Cordova,  8,   68 

756.  Mortara,  4,  174 

756.  Sacra  di  San  Michele,  4,  174 

758.  Lorca,  8,  69 

777.  Pampeluna,  8,  70 

777.  Sargossa,  8,  70 

778.  Roncesvalles,  18,  81 
783.  Detmold,  18,  82 
783.  Paderbom,  18,  82 
793.  Obrin,  9.  43 

801.  Barcelona,  8,  219 

804.  Tortosa,  8,  220 

838.  Amorium,  I,  358 

841.  Fontenoy,  18,  92 

843.  Auxerre,  9,  50 

843.  Fontenay,  9,  50 

851.  Aclea  (Ockley),  11,  42 

851.  Canterbury,  11,  42 

854-859.     Toledo,  8,  74 

862.  Constantinople,  14,  5 

872.  Hafurstfjord,  16,  41 

876.  Andernach,  18,  96 

885-886.     Paris,  16,  23,  18,  97 

891.  Louvaine,   16,  23,  18,  98 

901.  Zamora,  8,  134 

907.  Pamplona,  8,  197 

907.  Presburg,  17,  43 

910.  Augsburg,  17,  43 

ca.  912.     Wels,  17,  43 

913.  The  Inn,  18,  104 

917.  Alhange,  8,  135 

918.  San  Pedro  de  Gormaz,  8,  135 
918.  Talavera,  8,  135 

921.  Val  de  Junquera,  8,  135,  198 

927.  Brunanburh,  11,  46 

930.  "Mecca,  1,  362 

933.  Merseburg,  9,  55 

937.  Brunanburh,  12,  255 

939.  Andernach,  18,  no 

939.  Breisach      (Brisach     or     Alt- 

Breisach),  18,  110 

939.  Simancas,  8,  136 

955-  Augsburg,  17,  44,  188,  18,  112 

955-  Sechfeld    (Lech),    17,    88,    18, 

112 


962.     Candia,  I,  367 

962.  Rome,  18,  114 

963.  Mopsuestia  and  Tarsus,  I,  368, 

369 

964.  Antioch  and  Aleppo,  I,  369 

965.  Mopsuestia,  1,  368 
975.     Sulcoit,  12,  40 

978.  Paris,  18,  116 

979.  Tara,  12,  41 

982.  Monterrosa,  8,  137 

983.  Tyrisval,  16,  58 
985.     Verdun,  9,  59 
1000.     Svold,  16,  56 
1000.     Veszprim,  17,  47 
1006.     Pavia,   18,    121 

1008.  Peshawar,  5,  92 

1013.  Stongarde,  13,  23 

1014.  Almunecar,  8,  80 

1014.  Clontarf,  12,  42 

1015.  Seville,  8,  80 
1018.  Carham,   12,  256 
1027.  Viseu,  8,  139,  272 
1035.  Tafalla,  8,  231 
1037.  The  Carrion,  8,   140 
1047.  Val-es-dunes,  II,  62 
1052.  Carmona,  8,  86 
1054.  Atapuerca,  8,  200 

1054.  Burgos,  8,  141 

1055.  Cea,  8,   141 
1057.     Lamego,  8,  142 

1057.  Viseu,  8,  142,  272 

1058.  Coimbra,  8,  142 
1060.  Cordova,  8,  86 
1064.  Nissa  River,  16,  67 
1066.  Stamford  Bridge,  11,  66 
1066.  Hastings  (Senlac),  9,  68,  II, 

66 

1068.  Pisuerga,  8,  142 

1070.  Manzikert,  5,  330 

1072.  Santarem,  8,  143 

1075.  Unstrut,  17,  00 

1083.  Toledo,  8,  143 

1084.  Rome,  18,  136 
1086.  Zalaca,  8,  88 

1088.  Rochester,  II,  82 

1089.  Cordova,  8,  225 
1089.  Monzon,  8,  232 
1091.  Urgel,  8,  384 
1093.  Alne,  12,  258 
1096.  Alcoraz,  8,  232 

1009.  Jerusalem,  18,  138 
1 102.  Bridgenorth.  11,  89 
1 106.  Tinchebrai,  11,  89 


•74 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Battles,  cont. 

1106.  Ucles,  8,  91 

IIII.  Sepulveda,  8,  144 

1 1 18.  Sargossa,  8,  92,  233 

1119.  Brenneville,  9,  72 

1 120.  Daroca,  8,  233 
1130.  Bordeaux,  8,  234 

1133.  Mequinencia,  8,  234 

1134.  Fodervig,  16,  76 
1 134.  Fraza,  8,  234 

1138.  Northallerton,  12,  26 

1 138.  Ourique,  8,  96,  274 

1138.  The  Standard,  II,  93,  12,  264 

1140.  Weinsberg,  17,  91,  18,  144 

1141.  Lincoln,  II,  95 

1141.  Zara,  17,  54 

1 142.  Tremecen,  8,  96 
1145.  Oran,  8,  96 
1145.  Cordova,  8,  97 

1145.  Morocco,  8,  97 

1 146.  Almeria,  8,  236 

1146.  Baeza,  8,  97,  236 

1 147.  Lisbon,  8,  471 
1 147.  Tortosa,  8,  236 
1155.  Tortona,  18,  148 

1157.  Viborg,  16,  80 

1158.  Alcagar  do  Sal,  8,  275 
1158.  Crema,  4,  193 

1158.  Milan,  18,  150 

1160.  Crema,  18,  150 

1162.  Milan,  4,  193,  18,  151 

1 162.  Rome,  4,  194 

1166.  Ancona,  18,  152 

1 169.  Wexford,  12,  49 

1170.  Waterford,  12,  50 
1 174.  Alnwick,  ix,  108 

1 176.  Alrantes,  8,  98 

1 176.  Caenza,  8,  98 

1 176.  Legnano,  4,  195,  18,  152 

1 176.  Toledo,  8,  98 

1 183.  Dannoura,  7,  62 

1 183.  Seta,  7,  62 

1 184.  Santarem,  8,  98 
1 186.  Ichinatani,  7,  62 

1 186.  Sanuki,  7,  62 

1187.  Jerusalem,  18,  155 
1187.  Tiberias,  9,  75 

1 187.  Tyre,  11,  no 

1 190.  Grivdelwald,  13,  349 

1191.  Acre,  17,  92 
1191.  Naples,  18,  156 

1191.  Thaneswar,  5,  94 

1 192.  Acre,  11,  113 
1 194.  Delhi,  5,  95 


1 194.  St.  Jean  d'Acre,  9,  75 

1 195.  Alarcon,  8,  99,   147,  204,  237 
1206.  Montalvan,  8,  237 

121 1.  Salvatierre,  8,  100 

1212.  Calatrava,  8,  100 
1212.  Malagon,  8,  100 

1212.  Tolosa,  8,  101,  148,  204,  238 

1213.  Moscow,  6,  18 

1213.  Murat  (Muret),  8,  238,  9,  78 

1214.  Bouvines,  9,  77,  11,  126,  13, 
29 

1216.  Dover,  11,  130 

1216.  Toulouse,  9,  78 

1217.  Alcagar  do  Sal,  8,  278 
1219.  Damietta,  1,  36 

1219.  Wolmar,  16,  86 

1225.  Sidonia,  8,  102 

1227.  Bornhoved,  16,  89 
1228-1230.     Jaen,  8,  150 

1228.  Palmera,  8,  240 

1233.  Buriana,  8,  241 

1234.  Moncada,  8,  241 

1235.  Iviqa,  8,  241 

1237.  Carte    Nuova    (Cortenuovo), 
4,  204,  18,  164 

1238.  Brescia,  4,  204 
1238.  Gaza,  8,  205 
1238.  Valencia,  8,  242 
1240.  Faenza,  13,  358 

1240.  Neva,  15,  10 

1241.  Grobnik,  17,  58 

1241.  Liegnitz,   15,  376 

1242.  Bridge  of  Taillebourg,  9,  81 
1242.  Saintes,  9,  81 

1245.  Jaen,  8,  105 

1246.  Carmona,  8,   106 

1246.  Leitha,  17,  59,  94 

1247.  Seville,  8,  106 
1249.  Damietta,  9,  81 

1249.  Mansurah     (Mansourah),     1, 

36,  9,  81 

1253.  Morava,  17,  73 

1256.  Bagdad,  5,  334 

1256.  Cressennbriinn,  17,  73 

1260.  Downpatrick,  12,  58 

1261.  Callan,  12,  58 

1264.  Lewes,  11,  140 

1265.  Evesham,  11,  141 

1266.  Benevento,  18,  169 
1266.  Grandella,  9,  84 
1268.  Arbia  River,  4,  215 

1268.  Tagliacozzo,  4,  215,  18,  170 

1273.  Antequera,  8,  no 

1274.  Hakozaki,  7,  74 


GENERAL    INDEX 


75 


Battle*,  cont. 

1376.  Vienna,  14,  6,  18,  180 

1378.  Marchegg    (March),    17,    76, 

18,  181 

1281.  Dazaifu,  7,  75 

1383.  Gcrona,  8,  246 

1383.  Rosas  (Rhodia),  8,  246 

1384.  Mcloria,  4,  336 

1388.  Berne,  13,  361 

1389.  Schoosshalde,  13,  361 
1396.  Deogiri,  5,  99 

1396.  Dunbar,  II,  148 

1397.  Stirling,  II,  150,  13,  275 

1398.  Dornbuhl,  13,  363 

1398.  Falkirk,   11,   150,  la,  276 

1298.  Syracuse,  8,  248 

1300.  Pintimbur,  5,  99 

1301.  Kayounhissar       (Baphoeum), 

14.  17 

1302.  Courtray    (Courtrai),    9,    87, 

I3,3i 

1303-  Chitor,  5.  99 

1303.  Zeriksee,  9,  87 

1304.  Mons-en-Puclle,  9,   187 

1306.  Deogiri,  5,   100 

1307.  Horazdovce,  17,  113 
1307.  Keutenberg,  17,   113 

1314.  Bannockburn,  II,  153,  ia,  59, 
280 

1314.  Stirling,  ia,  279 

1315.  Morgarten,  18,  187 

1316.  Athenry,  ia,  60 

1318.  Faughart,  ia,  61 

1319.  Chapter  of  Mitton,  ia,  282 
1319.  Granada,  8,  159 

1322.  Boroughbridge,  II,  154 

1322.  Miihldorf,  17,  191,  18,  187 

1326.  Cagliari,  8,  249 

1328.  Casscl,  9,  93.  11,  158,  13,  32 

1329.  Gibraltar,  8,   112 
1331.  Koya,  7.  85 

1331.  Mount  Kasagi,  7,  84 

U3I-  Yoshino,  7,  85 

1333-  Berwick,   II,    157,   ia,  285 

1333-  Halidon  Hill,  ia.  285 

1333-  Mount  Kongo,  7,  86 

1335-  Mikawa.  7.  88 

U35-  Surtiga.    7.   88 

1335-  Tadaranohama,  7,  88 

1336.  Buonas,  13.  373 

1339-  Laupen,  13,  374 

1339-  Shijonawatc,  7,  91 

1340.  Ecluse,  9,  93 

1340.  Salado,  8,  286 


340.  Slys  (Slui*).  11,  160,  13.  33 

340.  Tarifa,  8,  113 

342-1343      Algeziras,  8,  115,  209 

346.  Calais,  9,  95 

346.  Cressy  (Crcc,y).  9.  94.  ",  161, 

«7.  115 

346.  KeviU's  Cross,  II,  161 

347.  Xativa,  8,  353 

348.  Calais,  II,  162,  13,  34 
351.  Zurich,  13,  376 

351.  Tatwil.  13,  376 

352.  Rautifeld,  13,  376 
352.  Zurich,  13,  377 
354.  Zurich,  13,  378 
356.  Gallipoli,  14,  27 

356.  Poictiers  (Poitiers),  9,  98,  II, 

164 

361.  Adrianople,   14,  39 

363.  Liitzen,  17,  3ii 

363.  Maritza,  14,  30 

364.  Cochcrel,   9,    103 

364.  Evreux,  9,  103 

365.  Aurai,  9,  103 

365.  Enkohing,  16,  108 

366.  Gallipoli,  4,  276 

366.  Iron  Gates,  17,  152 

367.  Logrofio,  8,  167 
367.  Navarette,  9,   104 
369.  Montiel,  9,  104 

375.  Fraubrunnen,  13.  379 
378-1379-     Venice,  4,  240 

381.  Cape  St.  Vincent,  8,  173 

382.  Roscbek   (Rosebeke),  9,   107, 

"3.  35 

385.  Aljubarota,  8,  174.  299 

386.  Sempach,    13,    381,    17,    106, 
18,  197 

387.  Iconium,  14,  31 

388.  Doffingen,  13,  384.  18,   197 
388.  Nafcls,  13.  382,  18,  197 
388.  Yisp,  13.  393 

388.  Worms,  18,  197 

389.  Kosovo,  14,  39,  34 
389.  Leahy,  16,  131 
389.  Wilna,  18,  199 

396.  Nicopolis,  9.   109,  13.  37.   M. 

37.  17.  155 

396.  Orsovo,  14,  40 

397-  Kells.   ia.  68 

308.  Delhi,    3.    104 

400.  Baden.  13.  397 

400.  North  Inch  of  Perth,  ia,  387 

401.  Brescia.    18,    199 

402.  Angora,  14,  37,  48 


76 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Battles,  cont. 

1402.  Homildon,  II,  193 

1403.  Vogelinseck,  13,  390 
1405.  Carmarthen,  II,  194 
1405.  Stoss,    13,    390 

1407.  Bramham  Moor,  II,  194 

1410.  Tannenberg,  15,  378,  18,  199 

141 1.  Harlaw,   12,  289 

1415.  Agincourt  (Azincourt),  9,  ill, 

11,  198 

1415.  Ceuta,  8,  301,  19,  15 

1415.  Harfleur,  9,  111,  11,  197 

1417.  Caen,   11,   199 

1419.  Tsushima,  7,   103 

1419.  Rouen,  11,  199 

1419.  Ulrich,   13,  393 

1420.  Prague,  17,  129 

1420.  Raby,   18,  208 

1421.  Immeroad,  16,  126 
1421.  Saatz,  17,  131 

142 1.  Meaux,  11,  200 

1422.  Arbedo,  13,  395 
1422.  Constantinople,  14,  58 

1422.  Sazava,   17,    132 

1423.  Crevant-sur-Yonne,  9,  114 

1424.  Verneiul,  9,  114,  11,  202,  13, 
289 

1426.  Aussig,  17,  134 

1428-1429.     Orleans,  9,   114,  11,  203 

1429.  Herrings,  9,   114 

1429.  Patay,   9,    116,    11,   204 

1431.  Thauss,    18,    210 

1434.  Lipany,  17,  138 

1434.  Pilsen,    17,    137 

1435.  Gaeta,   8,   265 
1437.  Tangier,  8,  306 

1439.  Etzel,    13,    399 

1440.  Etzel,    13,    399 

1442.  Hermanstadt,  14,  61,  17,  157 

1442.  Iron   Gates,   17,   157 

1442.  Vasog,  14,  61 

1443.  Freienbach,  13,  400 
1443.  Hirzel,  13,  400 

1443.  St.  Jakob,  13,  400 

1444.  Brugg,  13,  401 
1444.  Farnsburg,  13,  401 
1444.  Greifensee,  13,  401 

1444.  St.  Jacques  (St.  Jacob),  9, 

118,  18,  213 

1444.  Varna,  14,  65,  17,  158 

1444.  Zurich,    13,   401 

1445.  Birs,    13,   402 
1445.  Muttenz,   13,  402 
1445.  Olmedo,    8,    178 


1445.  Pratteln,  13,  402 

1445.  St.    Jakob   an   der    Birs,    13, 
402 

1446.  Ragatz,   13,  402 

1448.  Kosovo,   17,   159 

1449.  Alfarrabeira,  8,  313 
1451.  Budweiss,   17,   144 

1453.  Constantinople,    2,    536,    14, 

75,  82 

1453.  Corfu,   2,   536 

1453.  Formigny,  9,   118 

1454.  Arkinholm,  12,  295 

1455.  St.    Albans,   11,   211 

1456.  Belgrade,    14,  82 
1456.  Kaffa,    14,   84 

1456.  Krushevats,    17,    160 

1457.  Alcaqar   Seguer   (Alcazar-Se- 
guer),  8,  315 

1460.  Northampton,  11,  211 

1460.  Roxburgh,    12,    296 

1460.  Wakefield,  11,  212 

1461.  Mortimer's  Cross,  11,  212 
1461.  St.  Albans,  11,  212 

1461.  Ferry  Bridge,  11,  213 

1461.  Towton,  11,  213 

1464.  Arsilla,  8,  316 

1464.  Ceuta,  8,  316 

1465.  Montlhery,  9,  122 

1468.  Waldshut,    13,   404 

1469.  Olmedo,  8,  182 

1470.  Stamford     (Losecoat    Field), 
11,  216 

1471.  Barnet     (Chipping     Barnet), 
11,  217 

1471.  Brunkebjerg,    16,    134 

1471.  Paralada,  8,  267 

1472.  Beauvais,    13,   45 

1473.  Perpignan,  8,  267 

1474.  Hericourt,  13,  407 
1474-1475.     Neuss,    13,   46,   406,   18, 

217 

1475.  Sion,   13,  407 

1476.  Grandson    (Granson),  9,   124, 
13,  47,  407,  408,  18,  217 

1476.  Morat,  9,  124,  13,  47,  408,  18, 
218 

1477.  Nancy,  13,  409,  18,  218 

1478.  Bellinzona  (Bellenz),  13,  414 

1478.  Giornico,  13,  414 

1479.  Guinegate,  9,  125,  13,  50 

1479.  Kenyer-Meso,    17,    164 

1480.  Oka,    15,   13 

1480.  Rhodes,  Island  of,  14,  85 

1485.  Bosworth,   11,  222 


GENERAL    INDEX 


77 


Battles,  cont. 

1487.  Stoke,    11,   225 

1488.  Malaga,  8,  122 

1488.  St.  Aubin  du  Cormier,  9,  128 

1488.  Sauchieburn,  2,  298 

1490.  Vienna,    18,  219 

1492.  Boulogne,  9,   129 

1495-  Fomovo,  4,  290,  9,   131 

1495.  Parma,    18,    227 

1496.  Knockdoe,  12,  76 

1497.  Samarkand,  5,   109 
1499.  Bruderholz,    13,   418 
1499.  Frastenz,    13,    418 

1499.  Hard  (Fussach),  13,  418 

1499.  Schwaderloo,   13,  418 

1499  Trieson,    13,   418 

1499.  Calven,   13,  419 

1499.  Dorneck  (Dornach),  13,  419 

1500.  Hemmingstedt,    16,    139 
1503.  Cerignoleo,  9,   133 

1503.  Seminara,   9,    133 

1504.  Garigliano,  9,  133 
1508.  Agnadel,  9,    134 

1508.  Chaul,  5,   148 

1509.  Aden,  8,  329 
1509.  Agnadello,  4,  292 

1509.  Diu,   5,    148 
1569.  Oran,   8,    192 

1510.  Goa,   5,   149 

151 1.  Malacca,   20,  42 

1512.  Ravenna,  4,  293,  9,  134 

15 13.  Azamor,  8,  333 
1513.  Dijon,   9,    135 

1 5 13.  Flodden,  II,  236,  12,  300 

1513.  Novara,  4,  293,  9,  135,  13,  421 

1513.  Guinegate,   called    the    Battle 

of  the  Spurs,  9,  135,  II,  236,  13, 

54 

1513.  Temesvar,  17,  168 

1514.  Chalderan,  5,  341,  14,  125 

1515.  Marignano,  4,  394,  9,  136,  13, 
422 

1515.  Villafranca,  4,  294 

1516.  Aleppo,    14,    129 

1516.  St.  Jean  Pied  de  Port,  8,  340 

1519.  Cholula,  22,  20 

1519.  The  Grijalava,  22,   13 

1519.  Rio  de  Tabasco,  22,  13 

1520.  Aasund,   16,   141,  148 

1521.  Brunnbak,   16.   153 
1521.  Chalco,  22,  46 

1521.  Cuernavaca     (Guauhnahuac), 

22,  47 

1521.  City  of  Mexico,  23,  39 


1 52 1.  Logiofto,  8,  349 

1521.  Mczieres,  9,  138 

1521.  Mohacs    (Mohatz),    17,    168, 

169 

1521.  Vesteraas,   16,   153 

1521.  Xochimilco,    22,    48 

1522.  Bicocca  (Bicoque),  4,  301,  9, 
138 

1522.  Novara,  4,  301 

1524.  Jedburgh,   12,  302 

1524.  Guetzalunango,  22,  429 

1525.  Muhlhausen,  18,  243 

1525.  Pa  via,  4,  302,  8,  350,  9,   139, 
II,  241,  13,  56,  439,  18,  245 

1526.  Buda,  17,  169 

1526.  Mohacs  (Mohatz),  17,   150 

1526.  Panipat,  5,  109 

1527.  Ake,  22,  424 

1527.  Fatehpur  Sikri,  5,   109 

1527.  Florence,   4,   306 

1527.  Rome,  4,  304,  9,  140,  18,  246 

1528.  Chichen-Otza,   22,  424 

1528.  Landriano,  9,  141 

1529.  Diu,  8,  434 
1529.  Nice,  4,  305 
1529.  Vienna,   14,    152 
1531.  Kappel,    13,  444 

1531.  Gubel,   13,  445 

1532.  Vienna,   18,   250 
1535-  Berne,    13,    447 
1535.  Gadalebi,    8,   437 
1537-  Champoton,   22,  425 
1537-  Diu,   8,  435 

1537.  Santiago  de  Cuba,  22,  449 

1537.  Siena,  4,  307 

1538.  Diu,  3,  150 
1538.  Prevesa,  14,   163 
1540.  Buda,  17,  217 

1542.  Solway  Moss,  12,  304 

1542.  Tihoo,    22,   425 

1544.  Boulogne,   11,  261 

1544.  Cerisoles,  9,    143 

1545.  Kalinjar,  5.   "0 

1546.  Diu,  5,  151 

1546.  Quito,  21,  27 

1547.  Guarina,   21,  27 

1547.  Muhlberg,  9,  145,  17,  196,  18, 
255 

1547.  Pinkie     Cleugh     (Pinkey     or 
Pinkie),   II,  265,   12,  306 

1548.  Constance,  13,  460 
IS50-I55I-     Magdeburg.    18.    256 
1552.  Metz,  9,  146,  18,  258 
1552.  Renti,   9,    147 


78 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Battles,  cont. 

1554.  Astrakhan,  14,  193 

I5S4-I5S5-     Sienna,    9,    147 

1556.  Sirhind,  5,  no 

1556.  Panipat,   5,    ill 

1557-  St.    Quentin,   4,   307,    8,   354, 

355,  11,  272,  13,  70 

1558.  Calais,    9,    148,    11,    275,    13, 

70 

1558.  Gravelines,  9,   148,   13,  70 

1560.  Famagosta,  4,  309 

1560.  Nicosia,  4,  309 

1560.  Okehazama,    7,    no 

1561.  Daman,   5,   151 

1562.  Dreux,  9,  154,  13,  460 
1562.  Jarnac,  13,  460 

1562.  Rouen,  9,  154 

1562.  St.   Denis,   13,  460 

1565.  Malta,  8,  355 

1565.  St.   Elmo,   14,   173 

1565.  Talikot,  5,  90,  107,  151 

1566.  Sziget,  14,  175,  17,  219 

1567.  Bois-le-duc,  13,  101 
1567.  Osterweel,  13,  102 
1567.  Gotha,   18,  262 
1567.  St.  Denis,  9,  155 

1567.  Valenciennes,  13,  100 

1568.  Amsterdam,  8,  360 
1568.  Hiligerbee,  13,  109 
1568.  Jemmingen,    13,    109 

1568.  Langside,  12,  319 

1569.  Jarnac,  9,   156 

1569.  Roche-Abeille,  9,   156 

1569.  Valor,  8,  370 

1569.  Varberg,  16,  162 

1570.  Moncontour,  9,  156 

1571.  Lepanto,    2,    537,    4,    368,    8 
355,  14,  5,  196 

1572.  Briel,   13,   113 
1572.  Edinburgh,  12,  322 
1572.  Haarlem,  13,  113 
1572.  Malawa,   5,    113 
1572.  Mons,  13,  113 
1572.  Mechlin,  13,  114 
1572.  Sancerre,  9,   158 
1572.  Rochelle,  9,   158 
1572.  Tergoes,  13,  114 

1572.  Waerden,  13,  114 
1573-  Alkmaar,   13,   114 

1573-  Bergen-op-Zoom,   13,   116 

1573.  Eikyo,  7,  118 
1573-  Orissa,  5,  113 
1573.  Zuyder  Zee,  13,  114 


1574.  Leyden,  13,  118 

1574.  Mookerheyder,    13,    1 17 

1575.  Zuriczee,  13,  120 

1576.  Alost,   13,   121 

1578.  Alcacar   Seguer    (Alcazar-Se- 

guer),   8,   445 

1578.  Gemblours,  13,  130 

1578.  Malacca,   5,   152 

1578.  Reminants,  13,  130 

1579.  Maestricht,  13,  133 

1580.  Cahors,  9,  161 

1580.  Smerwick,  11,  291,  12,  90 

1581.  Tournay,    13,    137 

1582.  Yamazaki,  7,  112 

1 584-1 585.     Antwerp,   13,   147 

1585.  Herat,   5,   343 

1586.  Grave,  13,  151 
1586.  Wernsfeld,  13,  151 

1586.  Zutphen,   13,   151 

1587.  Courtras,  9,    162 

1588.  Barricades,  9,  163 

1588.  Gravelines,  II,  297 

1589.  Arques,  9,  167 
1589.  Nimeguen,    13,    155 

1589.  La  Noue,  9,  165 
1589-1590.     Paris,  13,  156 

1590.  Dreux,  9,  167 
1590.  Flour,  9,  168 

1590.  Yori,  13,  156 

1591.  Rouen,  13,  158 

1592.  Aumale,  9,   168 
1592.  Corunna,   II,  298 
1592.  Fusan,  7,  117 

1592.  Kegushagushu,   7,    117 

1592.  Sisek,  17,  223 

1594.  Groningen,  13,  161 

1594.  Kandahar,  5,  113 

1595-  Fontaine-Franqaise,  9,  170 

1596.  Cadiz,  11,  298,  13,  163 

1596.  Calais,  13,  163 

1596.  Cerestes,  14,  206,  239 

1596.  Hulst,  13,  163 

1597-  Portmore,  12,  96 

1597-  Turnhout,  13,  164 

1598.  Blackwater,   11,   303 

1598.  Shinsai,  7,  121 

1598.  Stangebro,  16,  170 

1598.  Yellow  Ford,  12,  96 

1600.  Nieuport,  13,  172 

1600.  Sekigahara,  7,   124 

1601.  Bois-le-duc,  13,  176 
1601.  Kanisza,   17,   223 

1601.  Kassa  (Kaschau),  17,  224 


GENERAL    INDEX 


79 


Battles,  cont. 

1601-1604.    Ostend,  13,  177 

1601.  Kinsale,  8,  375,  ia,  101 
1603.  Kinsale,    ia,    ioa 

1602.  Aughrim,  1  a,  104 

1602.  Geneva,  13,  459 

1603.  Hegushagu,  7,  119 
1603.  Hekitei-kan,  7,  119 
1603.  Kaineifu,  7,  118 
1603.  Shisen,  7,   121 

1603.  Goa,  5,   152 

1604.  Glen  Fruin,  ia,  333 
1604.  Dover,  13,  180 
1604.  Ruhrart,   13,   179 
1607.  Gibraltar,    13.    183 

1610.  Julicrs,  9,  177 

161 1.  Calmar,   16,    176 

1612.  Swally,  5.  160 
1614.  Budweiss,  17,  202 

1614.  Osaka,  7,  126 

1615.  Malacca,   5,    152 

1619.  Vienna,    18,   269 

1620.  Pont-de-Ce,  9.  181 

1620.  Prague  (called  the  Battle  of 
White  Mountain  or  White  Hill), 
9,  189,  11,  313,  17,  206,  226,  18, 
270 

1620.  Tirano,  13,  463 

1621.  Egncn,   6,    179 
1621.  Montauban,  9,  181 

1621.  Rochelle,  9,  181 

1622.  Bergcn-op-Zoom,  13,  204 
if. j j.  Wimpfen,   18,  272 

1623.  Stadtlohn,   18,  273 

1624.  San  Salvador,  8,  460 

1625.  Breda,  13,  207 

1625.  Hamelin,   18,  274 

1626.  Dessau,  18,  275 
1626.  Lutter,   18,  275 

1627-1628.     Rochelle,  9,  185,  II,  322, 

13.  209 

1628.  Havana,   13,  209 

1628.  Malacca,    5.    152 

1628.  Stralsund,  18,  276 

1629.  Hugli,  5.  ISO 

1629.  Stuhm,    16,    180 

1630.  Rivoli,    4,    319 

163 1.  Breitenfcld.    16,   181,    18,   280 
1631.  Lech,  9.  190 

1631.  Leipzig,  9.   100.    18,   280 

1631.  Magdeburg,   18,  279 

1632.  Castclnaudary.  9,   188 


1632.  Klus,  13,  464 

1632.  Leek,  16,  181,  18,  282 

1632.  Lutzcn,  9,    190,   13,   215,    16, 

182,  18,  284 

1632.  Prague,    18,    283 

1634.  Nordlingen,   9,    190,    13,   211, 
16,  186,   18,  288 

1635.  Avcnncs  (Avein),  9,  191,  13, 
212 

1635.  Louvain,   13,  212 

1635.  Morbegno,  9,   191 

1635.  Val  de  Presle,  9,   192 

1636.  Maggiore,    9,    192 

1636.  Wittstock,   16,   186 

1637.  Breda,   13,  212 

1637-1638.     Breisach      (Brisach     or 
Alt-Breisach),   18,  289 

1638.  Amakusa,  7,   137 

1638.  Bagdad,   14,  221 

1639.  Bridge  of  Dee,  I  a,  338 
1639.  Goa,   3,    152 

1639.  Prague,    18,   291 

1639.  La  Rotta,  9,  193 

1639.  North    Foreland    (called    the 

Battle  of  the  Downs),  11,  387,  13, 

213 

1639.  Thionvillc,   9,    193 

1639.  Trot  of  Turriff,  1  a,  337 

1640.  Arras,  9,   194 

1640.  Casale,  4,  322,  9,  193 

1640.  Newburn    on    the    Tyne,    11, 

337,  12,  339 

1640.  Turin,   4,   323 

164 1.  Azov,   14,  228 
1641.  Kcmpcn,  9,   194 

1641.  Wolfenbuttel,  9,   194 

1642.  Breitenfeld,    16,    187 
i(>4J.  Hanne    Court,    13,  214 
1642.  Lerida,  9,    194 

1642.  Perpignan,   9,    194 

1642.  Edgchill,  11,  344 

if  14 3.  Gloucester,    11,    345 

1643.  Peking,  6,  51 
1643.  Hulst,  13,  214 
1643.  Tuttlingcn,  9,  119 

1643.  Rocroi  (Rocroy),  9,   199,  13, 

214 

1643.  Newbury,  II,  345 

1643.  Reading,  II,  345 
if>4.V  Winceby,   II,  348 

1644.  Freiburg,  9,    199 
1644.  Cropredy,    II,   349 


80 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Battles,  cont. 

1644.  Marston   Moor,   11,  348,   12, 

339 

1644.  Tippermuir,  12,  340 

1644.  Newbury,  II,  350 

1644.  Newcastle,  12,  339 

1645.  Naseby,   II,  353 
1645.  Leicester,  11,  353 
1645.  Oxford,  11,  353 

1645.  Philiphaugh,  11,  354,  13,  340 

1645.  Nordlingen,  9,  199 

1645.  Jaukowitz,  16,  187 

1645.  Tabor,  18,  291 

1645.  Donauwoerth,  18,  292 

1646.  Benburb,  12,  121 

1646.  Newark,  11,  355,  12,  340 

1646.  Lerida,  9,  199 

1646.  Stow-on-the-Wold,   II,  355 

1646.  Venlo,   13,  217 

1647.  Knocknanuss,  12,  123 

1647.  Sommerhausen,  9,  200 

1648.  Colchester,  11,  360 
1648.  Lens,  9,  200 

1648.  Preston,  12,  341 

1649.  Drogheda,   11,  363 
1649.  Dublin,  12,   123 

1649.  Wexford,    12,    124 

1650.  Dunbar,  11,  364,  12,  343 

1650.  Rethel,  9,  203 

165 1.  Worcester,  11,  364,  12,  343 

1652.  Limerick,  12,  126 
1652.  Dover,  13,  229 

1652.  Plymouth,   13,  230 

1653.  Bleneau,  9,  204 
1653.  Saint- Antoine,  9,  205 
1653.  Scheveling,    13,    230 
1653.  Geslikon,  13,  473 

1653.  Herzogenbuchsee,  13,  473 

1653.  Wohlenswil,   13,  473 

1654.  Arras,  9,  206 

1654.  Jamaica,   11,  370 

1655.  Lochaber,  12,  291 

1655.  Lock  Garry,   12,  344 

1656.  Rapperswil,  13,  476 
1656.  Vilmergen,  13,  476 

1656.  Warsaw,  16,  207,  18,  300 

1657.  Villaviciosa,   8,  466 

1657.  Santa   Cruz,   11,  371 

1658.  Copenhagen,  13,  231,  16,  209 
1658.  Jaffnapatam,  5,  155 

1658.  Dunes,  9,  206,  11,  372 

1659.  Elvas,  8,  465 
1659.  Cochin,  8,  470 

1659.  Winnington  Bridge,  11,  374 


1664.  Kormend,   17,  228 

1664.  Saint-Gothard,     9,     208,     14, 
238,  241,  17,  228 

1664.  Villaviciosa,  8,  379 

1665.  Lowestaft,  11,  386 

1666.  Zuyder  Zee,  11,  387 
1669.  Airds  Moss,  12,  348 
1669.  Bothwell  Bridge,  12,  348 
1669.  Candia,  14,  243 

1672.  Kaminiets,  14,  245 

1672.  Lemberg,    14,   245 

1672.  Solebay  (Southwold),  9,  210, 
13,  236 

1673.  Texel,   11,   399 

1674.  Naarden,   13,  239 

1674.  Senef    (Seneffe),   9,   211,    13, 

240 

1674.  Ensheim,  9,  211 

1674  Miilhausen,  9,  211 

1674.  Colmar,  9,  211 

1674.  Turkheim,  9,  211 

1675.  Salzbach,  9,  211 
1675.  Consarbriick,   9,   212 

1675.  Fehrbellin,  16,  211,  18,  301 

1675.  Lemberg,  14,  245 

1675.  Maestricht,  13,  240 

1676.  Agosta,  9,  212 
1676.  Stromboli,  9,  212 

1676.  Lund,  16,  212 

1677.  Valenciennes,   13,  240 
1677.  St.  Omer,  13,  241 

1677.  Cassel,  9,  212,  13,  241 

1678.  Mons,  13,  241 

1679.  Bothwell  Bridge,  11,  409 

1680.  St.  Sacrament,  20,  95 
1680.  Santa  Fe,  22,  176 

1682.  Bantam,  5,  167 

1 683-1684.     Genoa,  9,  213 

1683.  Vienna,  14,  248,  15,  382,  18, 
303 

1683.  Mohacs  (Mohatz),  17,  230 

1683.  Presburg,  17,  230 

1683.  Vera  Cruz,  22,  178 

1687.  Erlam,  14,  255 

1687.  Munkacs    (Munkatz    or    Mo- 
hacs), 17,  230,  18,  303 

1688.  Belgrade,  14,  256,  18,  304 

1689.  Killiecrankie,  11,  436,  12,  352 
1689.  Beachy  Head,  1 1,  438 

1689.  Derry,  12,  134 

1689.  Newtonbutler,    12,    140 

1689.  Dunkeld,    12,    353 

1690.  Cork,    12,    149 

1690.  Fleurus,  9,  218,  13,  245 


GENERAL    INDEX 


81 


Battles,  cont. 

1704- 

1690. 

StafTarde,  4,  326,  9,  218 

1704- 

169a 

Mons,  13,  245 

1704. 

1690. 

Limerick,  II,  438,  1  J,  144 

1704. 

1690. 

Athlone,  12,  144 

1704- 

1690. 

Spey,  ia,  353 

1704. 

1690. 

Nish,  14,  259 

1705. 

1 691. 

Athlone,  13,   150 

1705. 

1691. 

Aughrim,  9,  218,  12,   152 

1705. 

1691. 

Belgrade,  14,  260 

1705. 

1691. 

Boyne,   9,   218,    II,   438,    13, 

1705. 

141 

1705. 

1691. 

Salankeman,  14,  260 

1 705- 1 

1691. 

Leuze,  9,  218 

1706. 

1 691-1 

693.     Limerick,  13,   153 

1706. 

1691. 

Barcelona,   8,   384 

1706. 

1691. 

Alicante,  8,  384 

1706. 

1693. 

Stcinkirk,  9,  318,  11,  440 

456, 

1692. 

Namur,   13,  345 

1707. 

1692. 

La    Hoguc,   9,    219,    11,   440, 

251 

13, 

245 

1708. 

1693- 

Marsaglia,  4,  326 

18, 

1693- 

Neerwinden      (Landen),      9, 

1708. 

219, 

II,  440,  13,  245 

1708. 

1694. 

Barcelona,  8,  384 

1708. 

1694. 

Huy,    13.   345 

170a 

1695. 

Brussels,  13,  345 

1708. 

1695. 

Kizi-Kermen,  15,  33 

1708. 

1696. 

Azov,   14,  326,  302,   15,  32 

1708. 

1697. 

Zenta,    13,   246,    14,   263,   17, 

1708. 

231. 

18,  304 

1709. 

1697. 

Pondicherri,  9,   219 

220, 

1700. 

Tonningen,  16,  214 

1709. 

1700. 

Riga,  16,  215 

13, 

1700. 

Narva,    15,   38,    16,   216,    18, 

1710. 

317 

1710. 

1700. 

Purtsi,  15,  39 

1710. 

1701. 

Chiari,  9,  220 

1710. 

1 701. 

Rapino,    15,   42 

1710-1 

1702. 

Lazzara,   8,   390 

171 1. 

1702. 

Cadiz,  8,  391 

1711. 

1702. 

Ehrestfer,  15,  42 

1712. 

1702. 

Hummelsdorf,    15,  43 

1712. 

1702. 

Riga,    15,  43 

1712. 

1702. 

Klissovo,  15,  80,  16,  216 

1713. 

1702. 

Vigo,  9,  221 

1714. 

1702. 

Freidlingen,  9,  221 

i7'5- 

1703. 

Luzara,    9,    220 

I7I5- 

1703. 

Nienschantz,  15,  91 

1 7 16. 

1704. 

Donauwerth,  9,  221 

1716. 

1704. 

Gibraltar,  8,  394,  9,  221,   1 1, 

319 

456 

1716. 

1704. 

Blenheim,  9,  221,  II,  455,  13, 

1717. 

250 

.  18,  313 

1717- 

Malaga,  9,  331 
Verrua,  4.  327 
Turin,  4,  327 
Salvatierrc,  8,  393 
Monscato,  8,  393 
Punitz,  16,  317 
Barcelona,  8,  395,  9,  333 
Adda,  9,  233 
The  Adige,  4,  339 
The   Mincio,  4,  339 
The  Po,  4,  329 
St.  Sacrament,  30.  95 
706.     Turin,  4,  329,  9,  333 
Mondovi,  9,  308 
Calcinato,  9,  333 
Franstadt,   16,  317 
Ramillies,  8,  397,  9,  222,   11, 
13,  250,   16,  218,  18,  314 
Almanza,  8,  398,  9,  223,    13. 

Oudenarde,  II,  459,  13,  250, 

314 

Lille,  II,  459,  18,  314 

Mohilev,    15,   40 

Dobroe,  15,  47 

Golovchino,  15,  47 

Liesnoe,  15,  49 

Batumi.    15,    50 

Holovin,  16,  219 

Trencsin,  17,  233 

Pultava,   14,  275,   15.  51,   16, 

18,  317 

Malplaquet,    9,    223,    II,   459, 
250,  18,  314 

Almenara,   8,  399 

Brihuega,  8,  399 

Saragossa,  8,  399,  9,  223 

Yillaviciosa,  9,  224,    13,  251 
711.     Riga,    15,   55 

Bouchain,  13,  251 

Pruth,  15,  59 

Denain,  9,  224,  11,  463 

Vilmcrgcn,  13.  480 

Kalisch,   15,  256 

Abo,   15,  64 

Barcelona,  8,  402 

Corinth,   14,  286 

Stralsund,   15,  63 

SherirTmuir,  11,  470 

Peterwardein,     17,     235,     18, 

Temesvar,  14,  289 
Belgrade,  14.  289,  18,  320 
Ispahan,  5,  349 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Battles,  cont. 

1718.  Frederikshald,     15,    66,     16, 
223 

1719.  Glenshiel,    12,   365 
1721.  Grengam,   15,  67 
1725.  Damghan,  5,  350 

1733-  Bankipur  (Banky-bazaar),  5, 

174 

1733-  Bagdad,  5,  35*,  14,  295 

1733.  Samrah,  5,  351 

1734.  Dantzig    (Danzig,    Dantzic), 

9,  235,  15,  119 

1734.  Parma,  9,  236 

1734.  Guastalla,  9,  236 

1736.  Azov,  15,  121 

1736.  Perekop,  15,  122 

1736.  Delhi,  5,  127 
1736-1737.     Kandahar,  5,  352 
1737-  Ochakov,  14,  308,  15,  123 

1737.  Nish,  14,  310 

1738.  Kamal,  5,  353 

1739.  Bassein,  5,  152 
1739.  Chotim,    14,  314 
1739.  Krotzka,   14,  314 

1739.  Belgrade,   15,   123 
J739-  Stavuchani,    15,    124 

1740.  Breslau,  18,  329,  337 

1741.  Molwitz,  9,  237,  17,  240,  18, 

329 

1741.  Wilmanstrand        (Vilman- 

strand),  15,  131,  16,  228 

1743.  Col  of  Assietta,  4,  334 

1743.  Dettingen,    9,    239,    13,    255, 
18,  330 

1744.  Toulon,  9,  238 

1745.  Tournay,   9,  239 

1745.  Fontenoy,  9,  239,  11,  487,  13, 

255 

1745.  Hohenfriedberg,    18,   331 

1745.  Preston    Pans,    11,    487,    12, 

367 

1745.  Soor,  18,  331 

1745.  Kesselsdorf,   18,  331 

1746.  Falkirk,  11,  488 
1746.  Stirling,   12,  367 

1746.  Culloden   Moor,   11,  488,   12, 

368 

1746.  Saint  Thome,  5,  170 

1746.  Madras,  5,  179 

1747.  Rocoux,   9,   240 
1747.  Lawfeld,  9,  240 

1747.  Cape  Finisterre,  9,  240 

1747.  Belle-Isle,    9,    240 


1748.  Maestricht,  9,  240 

1748.  Pondicherri,  5,  179,  20,  IIS 

1750.  Largos,  11,  501 

1750.  Trichinopoly,  9,  242 

1751.  Arcot,  5,  180 

1755-  Fort  Gaspereau,  23,  180 

1756.  Calcutta,  5,  182 

1756.  Port  Mahon,  9,  244,  11,  496 

1756.  Lobositz,  9,  244,  15,  145,  18, 

335 

1757.  Hastenbeck,  9,  245,  11,  499 
1757.  Prague,  9,  245,  18,  335 
I757-  Kolin,  9,  245,  17,  244,  18,  335 
1757.  Rossbach,  9,  245,  11,  499,  17, 

244,  18,  336 

1757.  Leuthen,  9,  245,  II,  499,  17, 

244,  18,  337 

I757-  Chandernagore,  9,  246 

1757-  Great  Meadows,  23,  172 

1757.  Memel,   15,    146 

1757-  Gross-Jagerndorf,   15,   147 

1757.  Plassey,   5,   183,   II,  502,  23, 
187 

1758.  Crevelt,  9,  245 

1758.  Sonderhausen,    9,    245 

1758.  Lutterberg,  9,  245 

1758.  Hochkirch,  18,  339 

1758.  Kiistrin,   15,   148 

1758.  Olmiitz,   17,  70,  18,  338 

1758.  Zorndorf,  9,  245,  15,  148,  18, 
338 

1758.  Fort  Frontenac,  23,  190 

1759.  Bergen,  9,  245 

1759.  Minden,   9,   245,    11,   501,    18, 

339 

1759.  Kunersdorf,   15,   148,   18,  339 

1759-  Quebec    (Heights    of    Abra- 
ham), 9,  246,  11,  500,  20,  118,  23, 

193 

1759.  Cape  St.  Vincent,  9,  246 

1759.  Havre,  11,  501 

1759-  Quiberon,  11,  501 

1759-  Guadeloupe,  20,  118 

1759.  Dresden,  18,  340 

1759.  Chinsurah,  5,  155 

1760.  Wandiwash,    5,    180,    II,   502, 
20,  119 

1760.  Landshut,   18,   340 

1760.  Korbach,  9,  246 

1760.  Rhumberg,  9,  246 

1760.  Liegnitz,  9,  246,  18,  340 

1760.  Berlin,  18,  341 

1760.  Senegal,  9,  246 


GENERAL    INDEX 


88 


Battles,  cont.  1780 

1760.  Torgau,  9,  346,   18,  341  178a 

1761.  Pondicherri       (Pondicherry),  1780. 
8.  170,  9.  246  1780. 

1761.  Panipat,  5.   128.    *33  1781. 

1762.  Freilburg,  18,  343  1781. 

1762.  Manila,  5.   181  381 

1763.  Patna,  5,  187  1781. 
1763.  Gheria,  5.  187  1781. 

1763.  Udhunala,  5,  187  1781. 

1764.  Baxar,  8.  126,  128,  135,  187  1781. 
1768.  Balta,  14,  321  1781. 
1770.  Tripolitza,  14,  327  1781. 
1770.  Lemnos,  14,  328  1782. 
1770.  Bender,  14,  329  1782. 
1770.  Kagul,    15,    177  1783. 

1770.  Napoli  di  Romani,   15,  179  1787. 

1771.  Tenesmi,  13,  178  1788. 
1771.  Mitylene,  15,  180  1788. 
1771.  Lemnos,  15,  180  1789. 
1771.  Alamance,  33,  217  1789. 

1773.  Orenburg,  15,  168  1789. 

1774.  Kozlidje,  14,  338  1789. 
1774.  Kazan,   15,   170  1789. 

1774.  Tsaritsin,  15,   170  1789. 

1775.  Lexington,   II,  515,  30,    127,  1789. 
23,  226  1789. 

1775.  Concord,  11,  515,  23,  227  1789. 

1775.  Ticonderoga,  II,  515  1789. 

1775.  Bunker  Hill,  II,  516,  23,  232  1789. 

1776.  Moore's  Creek,  23,  236  1790. 
1776.  Charleston,  23,  236  1790. 
1776.  Long  Island,  23,  243  1700. 
1776.  Harlem  Heights,  23.  243  1790. 
1776.  White   Plains,   23,  244  1700. 

1776.  Trenton,  11,  516,  23,  248  1792. 

1777.  Princeton,  11,  516,  23,  249  1792. 
1777.  Hubbardton,  23,  252  356 
1777.  Oriskany,  23,  254  1792. 
1777.  Bennington,  23,  253  1792. 
1777.  Brandy  wine,  II,  517,  23,  259  356 
1777.  Germantown,  23,  260  1792. 
1777.  Freeman's  Farm,  23,  255  356 

1777.  Bemis  Heights,  23,  255  1792. 
1777-  Saratoga,  9,  254,  II,  517,  12,  1792. 

181,  30,    128,  23,  255  280, 

1778.  Monmouth,    23,   263  1792. 

1778.  Pondicherry,   9,   256  1793. 

1779.  Briar  Creek,  33,  272  1793. 

1779.  Gibraltar,  8,  417  1793. 

1780.  Ninety-Six,  23,  274  1793. 
1780.  Gwalior,  5,  193  1793. 
1780.  Hanging  Rock,  23.  274  1793. 


Camden,   23,  274 

Santee,  33,  378 

King's  Mountain,  33,  279 

Sorata,  21,  52 

Cowpcns,   33,   381 

Guilford    Court    House,    33, 

Dogger  Bank,  13,  358 
Hobkirk's   Hill,  33,  383 
Eutaw  Springs,  33,  282 
Yorktown,  9,  256,  23,  285 
Perambakam,    5,    193 
Madras,  5,  193 
St.   Lucia,  9,  256 
Gibraltar,  9,  256,  II,  523 
Gondclour,   9,  257 
Kinburn,  15,    184 
Mehadia,   14,  354 
Ochakov,  14,  354 
Bastile,  9,  264,  10,  63 
Turnhout,   13,  261 
Burges,    13,    261 
Ypres,  13,  261 
Ostend,  13,  261 
Fokshani,  15,  185 
Rimnik,  15,  185 
Galatz,  15,  185 
Hogland,   15,   187 
Rochensalm,  15,   188 
Belgrade,   18,  351 
Orsova,   14,  357 
Giurgevo,    14,   357 
Ismail,   14,  359 
Seskar,    15,    188 
Shiraz,  5,  356 
Magdeburg,  9,  275 
Longwy,  9,  276,  10,  205.   18, 

Olmutz,   9,   276 

Verdun,  9,  276,   10,  205,   18, 

Valmy,   9,    277,    10,    210,    18, 

Lille,    10,   212 

Jcmappcs,  9.  279,  13,  263,  17, 
18,  356 

Dubienka,    18,  358 
Dantzic,    13,    189 
Mans,   10,  248  note 
Aix-la-Chapelle,    10.    246 
St.   Vincent.    10,   249 
Beaupreau,    10.  249 
Aubicrs,   10.  249 


84 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Battles,  cont. 

1793.  Cholet,  10,  248  note,  249,  276 

l793-  Neerwinden,   9,  283,   10,  249, 

13,  263,  17,  281,  18,  357 

1793-  Chatillon,  10,  276 

1793-  Granville,   10,   276 

1793.  Mons,  10,  276 

1793-  Savenay,  10,  276 

1793.  Hondtschoote,  10,  276 

1793.  Dunkirk,   9,  286 

1793.  Yser,   9,   286 

1793.  Wattignies,    10,   277 

1793-  Toulon,   10,  275 

1794.  Landrecies,   9,  289 
1794.  Cambrai,  9,  289 
1794.  Mouscron,  9,  289 
1794.  Turcoin,   9,   290 

1794.  First  of  June,   II,  543 

1794.  To  u  may,  9,  290 

1794.  Ypres,  9,  290 

1794.  Hooghlede,  9,  290,  10,  345 

1794.  Fleurus  or  Charier oi,  9,  290, 

10,  345,  11,  543,  13,  264,  17,  281, 

18,  357 

1794.  Macieiowice,   9,  290,   15,   190 

1794.  Nimeguen    on    the    Waal,    9, 

290 

1794-  Praga,  18,  358 

1794.  Kirman,  5,  356 

1795.  Luxemburg,  9,  293 
1795.  Belle-Isle,  9,  294 
1795.  Saint-Sebastian,  10,  347 
x795-  Fontarabia,  10,  347 

1795-  The  Diamond,   12,  205 
1795.  Dusseldorf,    18,   359 

1795.  Mannheim,  18,  359 

1796.  Montenotte,  9,  298,  17,  282 
1796.  Millesimo,  9,  298,  17,  282 
1796.  Diego,  9,  298 

1796.  Lodi   Bridge,  9,  298 

1796.  Milan,  18,  360 

1796.  Rastatt,  9,  299 

1796.  Lonato,  9,  299 

1796.  Castiglione  (Castiglione  delle 

Stiviere),   9,   299 

1796.  Neresheim,  9,   300 

1796.  Roveredo,  9,  300 

1796.  Bassano,  9,  300 

1796.  Legnano,   9,    300 

1796.  Biberach,    9,    301 

1796.  Wurzburg,  9,  300 

1796.  Caldiero,  9,  301 

1796.  Arcole    (Areola),   9,   301,   17, 

282 


1796.  Tashilumbo,  6,  101 

1797.  Rivoli,  9,  302,  17,  282 

1797.  Cape  St.  Vincent,  8,  483,  11, 

547 

1797.  Favorite,   9,  302 

1797.  Castel-Bolognese,  9,  302 

1797.  Mantua,  4,  344 

1797.  Venice,   17,   283 

1797.  Camperdown,     11,     548,     12, 
208,  13,  266 

1798.  Oulart  Hill,  12,  210 
1798.  Three  Rocks,  12,  211 

1798.  Gorey  or  New  Ross,  12,  211 

1798.  Newtownbarry,    12,   211 

1798.  Antrim,    12,  213 

1798.  Arklow,  12,  212 

1798.  Saintfield,  12,  213 

1798.  Ballynahinch,   12,  213 

1798.  Vinegar   Hill,   12,  212 

1798.  Lough  Swilly,  12,  214 

1798.  Chebreiss,  9,   309 

1798.  Pyramids,    1,    37,    8,    483,    9, 

309,  10,  409,  11,  549,  14,  380 

1798.  Aboukir  Bay  or  The  Nile,  1, 

37,  8,  483,   527,    10,  409,    n,   549, 

14,  380,  20,   141 

1798.  Meueneck,   13,  511 

1798.  Granholz,  13,  511 

1798.  Wollerau,  13,  514 

1798.  Pfaffikon,  13,  514 

1799.  Ostrach,  10,  403 

1799.  Stockach,  9,  308,  10,  403 

1799.  Verona,  10,  403 

1799.  Legnano,  10,  403 

1799.  Magnano,  9,  308 

1799.  St.   Jean   d'Acre,   9,   309,    10, 

409,  14,  381 

1799.  Gaza,  9,  309,  14,  382 

1799.  Jaffa,  9,  309,  14,  382 

1799.  Mount  Thabor,  14,  382 

1799.  Cassano,  10,  403 

1799.  Seringapatam,  5,  200,  20,  144 

1799.  Zurich,    9,    310,    10,    407,    13, 

516,  18,  362 

1799.  Trebbia,  9,  309,  10,  403 

1799.  Aboukir,  9,  310,   10,  409,  14, 

383,  20,  141 

1799.  Novi,  9,  310,  10,  408 

1799.  Zip,   10,  403 

1799.  Berghem  (Bergen  or  Bergen- 

op-Zoom),    9,    310,    10,    407,    13, 

267 

1799.  Alkmaar,   10,  407 

1799.  Castricum,  10,  407 


GENERAL    INDEX 


85 


Battle*,  cont. 

1799.  Genoa,  9,  316,   18,  363 

1800.  Heliopolis,    9,    318,    10,    440, 

14.  384 

1800.  Montebello,  9,  316,  10,  439 

1800.  Marengo,  4,  345,  9,  317,   10. 

439,  17,  285,  18,  364 

1800.  Grand  Champ,  10,  441 

1800.  Hochstadt,  10,  442 

1800.  Neuburg,  9,  317 

1800.  Hohenlinden,  9,  317,  10,  442, 

17,  285,  18,  364 

1800.  Salzburg,  9,  317 

1800.  Schwanstadt,  9,  317 

1800.  Erivan,  5,  358 

1800.  Malta,  IX,  551 

1801.  Canopa,  9,  318 

1801.  Copenhagen,  8,  529,   II,  552, 

16,  255 

1802.  Macao,  6,   119 
1802.  Rengg,  13,  518 
1802.  Zurich,  13,  518 

1802.  Morat  (Murten),  13,  518 

1803.  Cairo,  I,  37 

1803.  Ahlmadnagar,  5,  201 

1803.  Assaye,  5,  136,  201 

1803.  Argaum,  5,  136 

1803.  Aligarth,  5,  201 

1803.  Laswari,  5,  136,  201 

1803.  Delhi,  5,  136,  201 

1804.  Dig,  s.  136 

1805.  Bhartpur,  5,  201 
1805.  Ferrol,  9,  325 
1805.  Elchingen,  9,  326 
1805.  Giinzburg,  9,  326 

1805.  Wertingen,  9,  326,  10,  464 

1805.  Hasslach,  9,  326 

1805.  Ulm,  4,  347,  10,  464,  ".  557. 

17,  293 

1805.  Caldiero,  9,  326 

1805.  Cape    Finisterre    or    Bay    of 

Biscay,  8,  484.  9,  326,  ".  556 

1805.  Trafalgar  Bay,  8,  484,  9,  326, 

10,  463,  II,  557.  *3.  406 

1805.  Vienna,  10,  464,  18,  367 

1805.  Austerlitz  (called  the  Battle 
of  the  Three  Emperors),  4,  347,  8, 
484,  9,  326,  10,  465,  II,  557,  13. 
267,  16,  251,  17,  294,  18,  367 

1806.  Auerstadt,  9,  328,  16,  251,  18, 
372 

1806.  Jena,  8,  484,  9,  328,  io,  470, 
16,  251,  18,  372 


1806.  Berlin.  10,  470 

1806.  Pultusk,  9,  329 

1807.  Colberg,  18,  372 

1807.  Eylau,    9,    330,    IO,    470,    15. 

215.  "«.  373 

1807.  Dantzig    (Danzig,    Dantzic). 

9.  330 

1807.  Gudstadt,  9,  331 

1807.  Spandcn,  9,  331 

1807.  Hilsburg,  9,  331 

1807.  Freidland,  9,  331,  10,  470,  II, 

559,  18,  373 

1807.  Babaeska,  14,  399 

1808.  Medina  de  Rio-Secco,  9,  333 
1808.  Baylen,  10,  477 

1808.  Vimeiro,   8,  486,   9,   333,    11, 

562 

1808.  Cintra,  10,  477 
1808-1809.     Saragossa,    8,    489,    10, 

477 

1808.  Gerona,   io,  477 

1808.  Burgos,  9,  334 

1808.  Espinosa,  9,  334 

1808.  Ormais,   15,  216 

1808.  Lokalar,  15,  216 

1808.  Tudela,  9.  334 

1809.  Corunna,   8,  486,   9,   334,    11. 
563 

1809.  Thann,   9,   335 

1809.  Abensberg,  9,  335.  17,  298 

1809.  Landshut,    17,  298 

1809.  Adigc,   10,  479 

1809.  Eckmiihl,  9,  335,  10,  479,  17, 

298,  18,  376 

1809.  Ratisbon,  9,  335,  17,  298,  18, 

376 

1809.  Ciudad-Real,  9,  337 

1809.  Madelin,  9,   337 

1809.  Oporto,  9,  337 

1809.  Piave,  9,  336 

1809.  Tarwitz,  9,  336 

1809.  Goritz,  9,  336 

1809.  Raab,  9,  336 

1809.  Bernburg,  18,  376 

1809.  Stralsund,  18,  376 

1809.  Vienna,   18,  377 

1809.  Essling    (Esslingen),    9.   335, 

io,  479,  17.  298,  18.  377 

1809.  Aspcrn.   9,   335.    10.    470,    17. 

298,  18,  377 

1809.  Wagram,  9,  336,  10,  480,  17, 

299.  «8.  377 

1809.  Flushing,  9,  336 


86 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Battles,  cont. 

1809.  Talavera,  8,  486,  530,  9,  337, 

"i  563 

1809.  Almonacid,  9,  337 

1809.  Ocana,  9,  337 

1810.  Granada,  9,  337 
1810.  Cadiz,  9,  337 

1810.  Busaco,  8,  486,  9,  338 

1810.  Torres  Vedras,  9,  338 

1810.  Coimbra,  8,  530 

1810.  Aslanduz,  5,  359 

1810.  Guadeloupe,  20,  143 

1810.  Las  Cruces,  22,  237 

1810.  Aculco,   22,  238 

1810.  Marfil,  22,  238 

181 1.  Badajoz,  9,  338 

181 1.  Fuentes  d'  Onora,  9,  339 

1811.  Calderon  Bridge,  22,  239 

181 1.  Tippecanoe,  23,  416,  24,  525 

1812.  Vilna  (Wilna),  9,  341,  15,  221 
1812.  Salamanca,  8,  486,  530,  9,  343, 

II,  565 

1812.  Astrowno,  10,  485 

1812.  Mohilev,  10,  485 

1812.  Maiden,  23,  420 

1812.  Detroit,  20,   154,  23,  420 

1812         (August).        Krasnoe        or 

Smolensk,  9,  341,  10,  485,  15,  227 

1812.  Mozhaisk,  15,  227 

1812.  Borodino,  9,  341,  10,  485,  15, 

225,  227,  1 8,  380 

1812.  Queenston,  20,  154,  23,  421 

1812.  Polotsk,   10,  485 

1812.  Maloyaroslavets,   15,  244 

1812.  Viazma,  15,  246 

1812.  Vop,  15,  248 

1812.  Yakubovo,  15,  250 
1812  (November).     Krasnoe,  15,  250 

1812.  Witepsk,  10,  485 

1812.  Niagara,  20,  154 

1812.  Beresina,  9,  342,  15,  253,  18, 

380 

1812.  Cuautla  de  Amilpas,  22,  243 

1813.  Ogendsburg,  23,  421 
1813.  Mockern,  18,  382 

1813.  Liitzen,    9,    343,    10,   402,    13, 

272,  15,  261,  18,  382 

1813.  Bautzen,   9,  343,  10,  488,  13, 

272,  15,  261 

1813.  Fort  Meigs,  23,  425 

1813.  Fort  George,  23,  425 

1813.  Dresden,  9,  343,  10,  488,   15, 

261 


1813.  Kulm,  9,  343,  10,  488,  18,  384 

1813.  Grosbeeren,  9,  343,  18,  383 

1813.  Vittoria,  8,  486,  488,  9,  344 

1813.  Katzbach,  9,  343,  18,  383 

1813.  St.  Sabastian,  8,  531 

1813.  Nivelle,   8,   531 

1813.  Orthes,  8,  531 

1813.  Dennewitz,  9,  343,  18,  384 

1813.  Thames,  24,  525 

1813.  Leipsic  (Leipzig  or  Leipzic), 
called  the  Battle  of  the  Nations, 
4,  349,  8,  486,  9,  343,  10,  488,  11, 
566,  13,  272,  524,  15,  261,  17,  308, 

18,  384 

813.  Ragusa,  17,  309 

813.  Hanau,   9,   343,    10,   489,    17, 

310,  18,  385 

813.  La  Grita,  21,  61 

813.  Merida,  21,  61 

813.  Acapulco,  22,  244 

814.  Brienne,  9,  345 
814.  La  Rothiere,  9,  345 

814.  Champ-Aubert,    9,    346,    10, 

491 

814.  Montmirail,  9,  346,  15,  261 

814.  Chateau-Thierry,    9,   346,    10, 

491 

814.  Vauchamps,  9,  346,  10,  491 

814.  Guignes,  9,  346 

814.  Mormont,  9,  346 

814.  Nangis,  9,  346,  15,  261 

814.  Villeneuve,  9,  346 

814.  Montereau,    9,    346,    10,    491, 

18,  387 

814.  Arcis-sur-Aube,  9,  347 

814.  Orthez,  9,  348 

814.  Craonne     (Craon),     10,    492, 

15,  262 

814.  Laon,  9,  347,  15,  262 

814.  Fere  Champenoise,  9,  348 

814.  Paris,  9,  348,  18,  387 

814.  Toulouse,  8,  486,  532,  9,  350 

814.  Chippewa,  23,  425 

814.  Lundy's  Lane,  23,  426 

814.  Plattsburg,  20,  154,  23,  426 

814.  La  Puerta,  21,  63 

814.  Uriqua,  21,  63 

815.  Rimini,  17,  314 
815.  Anco,  17,  314 

815.  Tolentino,  9,  362,  17,  314 

815.  Huningen,  13,  527 

815.  Ligny,  9,  362,  8,  487,  532,  10, 
501,  11,  568,  13,  287,  18,  389 


GENERAL    INDEX 


87 


Battles,  cont  1832. 

1815.  Quatre   Bras,  8,  487.  532.  9  1832. 

362,  11,  568,  13,  287,  18,  389  183a. 

1815.  Frasnes,  13,  287  1832. 

1815.  Waterloo,  4,  350,  8,  487,  532  1832. 

9,  362,  10,  501,  II,  508,   13,  288  1833. 

17,  314,  18,  300,  23,  405  1833. 

1815.  Cartagena,  31,  64  1833. 

1816.  Puento,  21,  65  1835. 

1817.  Nagpur,  5,  209  1835. 
1817.  Mebidpur,  5.  209  1835. 
1817.  Chacabuco,  21,  72  1835. 
1817.  Soto  la  Marina,  22,  249  1835. 
1817.  Sombrero,  22,  250  1836. 

1817.  Remedios,  22,  250  1836. 

1818.  Maypo,  21,  72  1836. 
1819  Sagamoso,  21,  68  1837. 
1819  Boyaca,  21,  68  1837. 
1820.  Cepeda,  21,  71  413 
1822.  Pinchincha,  91,  73  1837. 

1824.  Junin,  21,  7i  1837. 
1824-  Agacucho      (Ayacucho),      8,  1837. 

519,  21,  73  1837. 

1825.  Tusmula,  21,   182  1837. 

1825.  Potosi,  21,   182  1S39 

1826.  Napoli  di   Romania,  2,  544  292 

1826.  Missoloughi,  14,  417  1839. 

1827.  Navarino,  2,  545,  9,  387,   11,  1839. 
582,  14,  425.  13.  276,   17,  326  1S39. 

1827.  Bhartpur  (.Bhartporc),  5,  212  1S40. 

1827.  Zizan,  3,  359  1840. 

1827.  Ganjeh,  5,  359  1841. 

1827.  Ituzaingo,  21,  121  1841. 

1828.  Braila,  14,  427.  «3.  279  1841. 
1828.  Varna,  14,  427,  15,  280  1841. 
1828.  Kars,   15.  281  1842. 

1828.  Akhalzikh,  15.  281  1842. 

1829.  Pravadi,  15,  284  1842. 
1829.  Kulevtcho,  14,  428,  15,  285  1842. 
1829.  Baiburt,  15,  287  1842. 
1829.  Tarqui,  21,  193  1843. 

1829.  Larcay,  21,  216  1843. 

1830.  Antwerp,  13.  297  1843. 

1830.  Algiers,  14,  432  1843. 

1831.  Liestal,  13,  537  1843. 
1831.  Grochow,  is.  294  1844. 
1831.  Ostrolenka,  15,  295  1844. 
1831.  Louvain,  13,  301  1845. 
1831.  Acre,  1,  38  1846. 

1831.  Newtonbarry,  12,  224  1846. 

1832.  Gelterkinden,  13,  537  1846. 
1832.  Ems,  14,  434  1846. 


Beylan,  14,  434 

Konieh,  9,  403,  434.    «8,  290 

Antwerp,  9,  403,  13,  302 

Carrie kshock,   12,  224 

Tolomi,  22,  271 

Oporto,  8,  536 

Prattcin,  13,  541 

Jauja,  21,  195 

Luchana,  8,  497 

Bilbao,  8,  497 

Valparaiso,  21,  217 

Gonzales,  24,  532 

Bejar,  24,  533 

Constantinc,  9,  411 

San  Jacinto,  22,  281,  24,  534 

Goliad,  24,  533 

Constantinc,  9,  413 

Fort  Saint  Jean  d    Ulloa,  9, 

Herat,  5,  216,  361 

St.  Denis,  20,  156 

St.  Charles,  20,  156 

St.  Eustache,  20,  156 

Napierville,  20,  156 

Nezib,    9,    419,    14,    436,    15, 

Gliazni,  5,  217 
Nisibin,  I,  38 
Jungay,  21,   195 
Beirut,  14,  437 
Acre,   14,  437 
Jalalabad,  5,  218 
Amoy,  6,  138 
Skandersborg,  16,  114 
Ingavi,  21,  187 
Chenhai,  6,  138 
Chinkiang,  6,  140 
Arroyo  Grande,  21,  139 
San  Lucia,  21,  170 
Agua  Santa,  21,  197 
Maharajpur,  5,  219 
Panniar,  5,  219 
Kerbela,  3,  361 
Leogone,  22,  498 
Pestal,  22,  498 
I  sly,  9,  423 
Trientbach,   13,  549 
Arequipa,  21,   199 
Mudki,  5,  221 
Ftrozshah.  5.  221 
Aliwal,  5,  221 
Sobraon,  3.  221 


88 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Battles, 

cont. 

1853. 

1846. 

Palo  Alto,  22,  289,  24,  547 

1853. 

1846. 

Resaca  de  la  Palma,  22, 

290, 

1854. 

M, 

547 

1854. 

1846. 

Monterey,  22,  291,  24,  548 

1854. 

1846. 

San  Raphael,  22,  296 

1854. 

1846. 

Mesa,  22,  300 

15, 

1846. 

Bracito,  22,  304 

1854. 

1847. 

San  Gabrielle,  22,  300 

1854. 

1847. 

Cafiado,  22,  305 

15, 

1847. 

El  Embudo,  22,  305 

1854-1 

1847. 

Angostura,  22,  306 

455, 

1847. 

Buena  Vista,  22,  309,  24, 

548 

1855. 

1847. 

Sacramento,  22,  304 

1855. 

1847. 

Vera  Cruz,  22,  322,  24,  549 

1856. 

1847. 

Cerro  Gordo,  22,  325,  24, 

549 

1857. 

1847. 

Amozoque,  22,  327 

1857. 

1847. 

San  Antonio  Abad,  22,  348 

1857. 

1847. 

Churubusco,  22,  349,  24, 

550 

1857. 

1847. 

Contreras,  22,  345,  24,  550 

1859. 

1847. 

Molino  del  Rey,  22,  363, 

34, 

1859. 

550 

1859. 

1847. 

Chapultepec,  22,  366,  24, 

550 

1859. 

1847. 

Puebla,  22,  372 

1859. 

1847. 

Fribourg,  13,  352 

385, 

1847. 

Gislikon,  13,  552 

1859. 

1847. 

Lucerne,  13,  552 

1859. 

1847. 

Peschiera,  4,  358 

1859. 

1848. 

Miani,  5,  219 

385, 

1848. 

Zanzan,   5,   362 

1859. 

1848. 

Eckernforde,  18,  400 

i860. 

1848. 

Vienna,  18,  401 

i860. 

1848. 

Comorn,  18,  402 

i860. 

1848. 

Santa    Cruz   de    Rosales, 

22 

i860. 

378 

i860. 

1849. 

Chilianwala,  5,  226 

1861. 

1849. 

Gujarat,  5,  226 

1861. 

1849. 

Novara,  4,  359,   *7,  373, 

18 

1861. 

402 

1861. 

1849. 

Rome,  4,  367,  9,  439 

1861. 

1849. 

Ullerup,  16,  271 

1861. 

1849. 

Dybbel,  16,  271 

1861. 

1849. 

Fredericia,  16,  271 

1861. 

I849- 

Schassburg,  15,  301 

1861. 

1849. 

Komorn,  15,  302 

755 

1849. 

Tur,  15,  302 

1861. 

1849. 

Miskolcz,  15,  302 

1862. 

l8SO. 

Isted,  16,  272 

1862. 

l850. 

Midsunde,  16,  272 

24, 

l8SO. 

Frederickstad,  16,  272 

1862. 

185 1. 

Bahia  Honda,  22,  450 

1862. 

l8S2. 

Monte    Caseros,   21,    127 

1862. 

1853. 

Isakcha,  15,  305 

1862. 

Otenitza,  15,  307 

Sinope,  11,  615,  15,  307 

Citate,  15,  308 

Silistria,  II,  615 

Bomarsund,  15,  309 

Alma,  9,  446,  11,  615,  14,  455, 
312 

Balaklava,  9,  447 

Inkerman,    9,    447,    11,    616, 
316 
855.     Sebastopol,    9,    447,    14, 

15,  3H 

Eupatoria,  14,  458 

Tchernaya,  9,  448,  15,  321 

Bushiro,  5,  363 

Caunpur,  5,  236 

Delhi,  5,  237 

Lucknow,  5,  237 

Kush-ab,  5,  363 

Fassineto,  4,  373 

Montebello,  4,  373,  9,  450 

Palestro,  4,  373,  9,  45 1 

San  Martino,  4,  373 

Magenta,  4,  373,   9,  451,   17, 

1 8,  405 

Marignano,  4,  373 

Melegnano,  9,  451 

Solferino,  4,  373,  9,  451,  17, 

18,  405 

Cepeda,  21,  129 

Palermo,  4,  378 

Castelfidardo,  4,  382 

Babahoyo,  21,  in 

Penuelos,  21,  219 

Calpulalpano,  22,  383 

Pabon,  21,  130 

Fort  Sumter,  24,  705 

Philippi,  24,  732 

Rich  Mountain,  24,  733 

Laurel  Hill,  24,  733 

Carrick's  Ford,  24,  733 

Bull  Run,  24,  734 

Wilson's  Creek,  24,  739 

Merrimac  and   Congress,  24, 

Ball's  Bluff,  24,  757 
Fort  Donelson,  24,  744 
Shiloh  or  Pittsburg  Landing, 

747 

Leesburg,  24,  757 
Yorktown,  24,  758 
Seven  Pines,  24,  758 
Mechanicsville,  24,  761 


GENERAL    INDEX 


89 


Battles,  cont. 

1866, 

1862. 

Gaines'  Mills,  24,  761 

1866. 

1862. 

Savage  Station,  34,  761 

1866. 

1862. 

Frazier's  Farm,  34,  761 

1866. 

186a. 

Seven  Days,  34,  761 

1866. 

1862. 

Culpeper     Court    House    or 

1866. 

Cedar  Run,  34,  763 

390, 

1862. 

Groveton,  24,  763 

41X 

1862. 

Bull  Run,  34,  763 

1867. 

1862. 

South  Mountain,  24,  765 

1867. 

1862. 

Antietam,  34,  765 

1867. 

1862. 

Corinth,  24,  774 

1868. 

1862. 

Perryville,  24,  773 

1868. 

1862. 

Fredericksburg,  34,  769 

1868. 

1862. 

Holly  Springs,  34,  775 

1868. 

1862. 

Keenshan  (Quinsan),  6,  201 

1868. 

1862. 

Soochow,  6,  204 

1868. 

1863. 

Kagoshima,  7,   164 

1869. 

1863. 

Cuaspud,  31,  88,  112 

1870. 

1863. 

Pucbla,  33,  387 

1870. 

1863. 

Chancellorsville,  34,  771 

463, 

1863. 

Murfreesborough,  34.  774 

1870. 

1863. 

Raymond,   34,   776 

1870. 

1863. 

Champion  Hill,  34,  777 

1870. 

1863. 

Gettysburg,  34,  778 

1870. 

1863. 

Vicksburg,    34,    777 

1870. 

1863. 

Chickamauga,    34,   783 

1870. 

1863. 

Lookout  Mountain,  34,  785 

464, 

1863. 

Knoxville,  34,  785 

1870. 

1864. 

Ocversee,  18,  408 

1870. 

1864. 

Diippel,    18,  408 

1870. 

1864. 

Dybbel,  16.  274 

1870. 

1864. 

The  Wilderness,  34,  787 

1870. 

1864. 

Yellow  Tavern,  34,  788 

1870. 

1864. 

Cold  Harbor,  34,  789 

1870. 

1864. 

Kenesaw,  34,  795 

1870. 

1864. 

Monocacy,  34.  792 

1870. 

1864. 

Peach  Tree  Creek,  34,  797 

1870. 

1864. 

Petersburg,  Va.,  34,  791 

187 1. 

1864. 

Mobile   Bay,  34,  798 

1871. 

1864. 

Winchester,  or  Opequan,  34, 

1871. 

792 

1873. 

1864. 

Fisher's  Hill,  34,  792 

1875- 

1864. 

Cedar  Creek  or  Run,  34,  793 

1876. 

1864. 

Spring  Hill,  34,  803 

1876. 

1864. 

Franklin,    34,    803 

1876. 

1864. 

Nashville,  34,  803 

1876. 

1865. 

Fort  Fisher,  34,  808 

1876. 

1865. 

Five  Forks,  34,  810 

1876. 

1866. 

Curupayti,   31,   145 

1876. 

1866. 

Villafranca,  4,  390 

1877. 

1866. 

Custozza.  4.  390,  17,  392 

1877. 

1866. 

Sissa,  17,  392 

1877- 

Nachod,  18,  411 
Langensalza,  18,  410 
Trautenaw,  18,  41 1 
Skalitz,  18,  411 
Gitchin,  18,  411 
Koniggratz     or    Sadowa,     4, 
9,  455,   16.  276,   17,  392,   18, 

Monte  Rotondo,  4,  392 

Arequipa,  31,  209 

Puebla,  33,  398 

Toba,  7,   168 

Fushimi,  7,  168 

Nikko,  7,  170 

Utsunomiya,  7,   170 

Alcolea  Bridge,  8,  508 

V  ill  eta,  31,  159 

Caraguatay,  31,  159 

Aquidaban,  31,  160 

Saarbriicken    (Saarbriick),   9, 

18,  421 

Weissenburg,  18,  421 

Woerth,  9,  464,  18,  421 

Courcelles,  9,  464,  18,  421 

Strasburg  (Strassburg),  9,  464 

Metz,  9,  464,  18,  422 

Vionville  or  Mars-la-Tour,  9, 

18,  421 

Gravelotte,  9,  464,  18,  422 

Beaumont,  9,  464,  18,  423 

Bugancy,  9,  464 

Stenay,  9,  464 

Douzy,  9,  464 

Sedan,  9,  464,  18,  423 

Spicheren,  18,  421 

Toul,  18,  424 

Orleans,  18,  425 

Beaune  la  Roland,  18,  425 

Le  Mans,  18,  425 

Belfort,  18,  425 

Paris,  9,  468,  18,  425 

Abazuza,  8,  514 

Lucar,  8,  515 

Kumamota  Castle,  7,  180 

Enotake,  7,  181 

Tawara-saka,  7,  180 

Kagoshima,  7,   182 

Shiroyama,  7,  182 

Djunis,  14,  478,  17.  419 

Tecoac,  33,  406 

Plevna,  14,  482,  15.  334.  33& 

Kizil-Tepc,  15.  335 

Shipka  Pass,  14,  481,  15,  334 


90 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Battles,  cont. 

1877.  Lovtcha,  14,  482 

1877.  Bayezid,  15,  35 

1877.  Ardahan,  15,  335 

1877.  Zevin,  15,  335 

1877.  Kars,  15,  335 

1877.  Gorni  Dubinck,  15,  336 

1878.  Philippopolis,   14,  486 

1878.  Adrianople,   14,  486,    15,   336 

1878.  Gradac,  17,  423 

1879.  Maiwand,  5,  258 
1879.  Isandlana,  20,  229 
1879.  Calama,  21,  234 
1879.  Cape  Agamos,  21,  235 
1879.  Dolores,  21,  235 

1879.  Tarapaca,  21,  236 

1880.  Kandahar,  5,  253 
1880.  Tacna,   21,   237 

1880.  Bronkhorst  Spruit,  20,  230 

1881.  Geok  Tepe,  5,  3&7 
1881.  Ingago,  20,   230 
1881.  Laing's  Neck,  20,  230 

1881.  Majuba  Hill,  11,  634,  20,  230 

1882.  Alexandria,  1,  40 

1882.  Tel-el-Kebir,  1,  40,  5,  259,  11, 

634,  14,  497,  19,  267 

1885.  Khartoum,  1,  40,  11,  635 

1885.  Slivinitza,   14,  494,   10,  343 

1890.  Sego,  19,  151 

1891.  Valparaiso,  21,  239 

1894.  Phung-do    Island,    6,    266,    7, 

262 

1894.  Asan  or  Long-hwan,  6,  266, 

7,  262 

1894.  Pingyang,  6,  266,  7,  265 

1894.  Chiulien-cheng,  7,  267 

1894.  Ta-tung-kau,  7,  268 

1894.  Ta-ku-shan,  7,  268 

1894.  Siu-yen,  7,  268 

1894.  Tomu-cheng,  7,  268 

1894.  Hai-cheng,  7,  268 

1894.  Kang-wa-seh,  7,  268 

1894.  Sai-Ma-tsi,  7,  268 

1894.  Kin-chow,  7,  268 

1894.  Ta-lien-wan,  7,  268 

1894.  Port  Arthur,  7,  268 

1894.  Mo-tien-ling,    7,   269 

1894.  Wei-hai-Wei,  7,  270 

1894.  Yalu,  6,  268,  7,  309 

1895.  Chitral,  5,  278 

1895.  Niu-chwang,  7,  272 

1896.  Adowa,   4,  404,   20,   300 
1896.  Abba  Garima,  19,  248 
1898.  Mantanzas,  24,   1028 


1898.  Manila   Bay,  8,   520,  20,  315, 

22,  458,  24,   1028 

1898.  Cabanas,  22,  459 

1898.  Guantanamo  Bay,  22,  459 

1898.  Las    Quasimas,    22,   459,    24, 


1029 


San   Juan   Hill,   22,   459,   24, 

1029 

1898.  El  Caney,  22,  459,  24,  1029 

1898.  Santiago  de  Cuba,  8,  520,  20, 

329,  22,  460,  24,  1030 

1898.  Omdurman,   1,  40,   11,  638 

1898.  Atbara,  11,  638,  19,  272 

1900.  Peking,    6,    283,    301,    302,    7, 

280,  11,  639 

1900.  Maf eking,  11,  641,  20,  233 

1900.  Kimberley,  11,  641,  20,  233 

1900.  Ladysmith,  11,  641,  20,  233 

1900.  Magersfontein,  11,  641 

1900.  Colenso,  11,  641 

1900.  Paardeberg,  11,  641,  20,  233 

1904.  Guru,  5,  298 

1904.  Karo-la,  5,  298 

1904.  Chemulpo,  7,  303,  15,  361 

1904.  Port  Arthur,  7,  304,  306,  311 

1904.  Yellow  Sea,  7,  309 

1904.  Feng-hwang-cheng,  7,  309 

1904.  Sai-ma-tsi,  7,  310 

1904.  Mo-tien-ling,  7,  310 

1904.  Chiao-tow,  7,  310 

1904.  Yu-shu-lin-tsu,  7,  310 

1904.  Yang-tsu-ling,  7,  310 

1904.  Pu-lan-tien,  7,  310 

1904.  Kinchow,  7,  310 

1904.  Nanshan  Hills,  7,  310 

1904.  Telissu,  7,  310 

1904.  Huing-yo-cheng,  7,  310 

1904.  Kai-ping,  7,  310 

1904.  Taping-ling,  7,  310 

1904.  Tashi-chiao,  7,  310 

1904.  Tomu-cheng,  7,  310 

1904.  Siu-yen,  7,  310 

1904.  Feng-shui   (Wafangao  Pass), 

7,  310 

1904.  Anshan-chan,   7,  310 

1904.  Liaoyang,  6,  314,  7,  310,  15, 

362 

1904.  Bentsiaputse,  7,  311 

1904.  Sha  River,  7,  311 

1905.  Hokau-tai,  7,  312 

1905.  Moukden,  6,  314,  7,  312,  15. 

363 

1905.  Tie-ling,  7,  313 

1905.  Japan  Sea,  7,  316,  15,  364 


(.  I.NERAL    INDEX 


91 


Baturin,   Russia:   siege  of   (1708),   15. 

50;  given  to  Menshikov,  <>» 
Baudin  des  Ardennes,  Charles  (1784- 

1854),  a    French   naval   officer:    his 

expedition   against    Mexico,   9,   413, 

as,  274 
Bauer.  General  (ca.   1770),  a   Russian 

general:  at  the  battle  of  the  Kagul, 

13.  177 

Bauer,  Sten  (ca.  1590).  a  Swedish 
councilor:  punishment  of,  16,  166 

Baum,  Priedrich  (d.  1777),  a  Hessian 
colonel:  defeated  at  Bennington,  23, 

253 

Baumgartner,  Jakob  (1797- 1869),  a 
Swiss  historian:  demands  revision 
of  constitution,  13,  536 

Bautzin,  Saxony:  battle  of  (1813),  9, 
343,  10,  488,  13,  272,  13.  261 

Bavaria,  Germany:  erected  into  a 
kingdom,  10,  466;  settled  by  the 
Vandals,  17,  14;  united  to  Austria, 
91;  incorporated  with  Frankish  king- 
dom, 18,  83;  under  Henry  the  Lion, 
144;  given  to  Otto  of  Wittelsbach, 
153;  champion  of  the  Popes,  261; 
recognized  as  a  kingdom,  367;  be- 
comes part  of  the  empire,  437 

Bavaria,  Duke  of  (ca.  1622),  comman- 
der of  imperial  army:  crushes  re- 
bellions of  the  Count  of  Mansfeld 
and  Christian  of  Brunswick,  13,  204 

Baxar,  India:  battle  of  (1764),  5,  126, 
128,  135,  187 

Baxter,  Elisha  (19th  century),  Amer- 
ican politician:  governor  of  Ar- 
kansas (1875),  24,  872,  note 

Baxter,  Richard  (1615-1691),  an  Eng- 
lish non-conformist:  imprisoned,  1 1, 
421 

Bay  of  Biscay,  Spain:  battle  of  (1805), 
11.  556 

Bay  Psalm  Book,  first  book  printed 
in  America:  printed  1640,  23,  143 

Bay  State,  Old:  see  Massachusetts 

Bayard,  James  Asheton  (1767-1815), 
an  American  statesman:  appointed 
peace  commissioner,  23.  429 

Bayard,  Pierre  du  Terrail,  Chevalier 
de  (ca.  1475-1524),  a  French  nation- 
al hero:  his  campaign  in  Italy.  9, 
136;  saves  Mezieres,  138 


Bayard,  Thomas  Francis  (1828-1898), 
an  American  statesman:  in  congress 
(1869),  24,  861:  member  of  the 
electoral  commission,  913  note;  his 
influence  over  Democrats,  914: 
Secretary  of  State,  950  note:  in 
Samoan  dispute,  977;  first  Ameri- 
can ambassador,  979 

Bayard-Chamberlain  Treaty,  a  treaty 
which  decided  the  fishery  arrange- 
ments between  England  and  the 
United  States  (1887).  24,  961 

Bayeux  Tapestry,  a  piece  of  French 
tapestry  embroidered  with  scenes 
of  the  Norman  Conquest:  descrip- 
tions of,  11,  67,  13.  25 

Bayezid,  Asiatic  Turkey:  taken  by  the 
Russians    (1828),    15,    282;    (1877), 

335 

Bayezid  (Bajazet)  I  (1347-1403),  Sul- 
tan of  Turkey,  1380-1403:  account 
of,  14,  31:  at  the  battle  of  Kosovo, 
35;  accession  of,  36;  crosses  the 
Balkan,  9,  109,  14,  62;  assumes  title 
of  Sultan,  14,  38:  attacks  Egypt,  1, 
36;  defeated  by  Timur,  5.  338;  death 
of,  14,  50;  his  tomb  desecrated  by 
Mohammed  I  of  Turkey,  55 

Bayezid  (Bajazet)  II  (1447-1512),  Sul- 
tan of  Turkey,  1481-1512:  accession 
of,  17,  164:  reign  of  14,  107;  de- 
feats Hungarians,  17,  167;  death  of. 

14.  "7 

Bayezid  Pasha  (early  15th  century), 
Turkish  general:  account  of,  14,  56, 
58 

Baylen  (Bailen),  a  town  in  Spain: 
battle  of  (1808),  io,  477 

Bayley,  Sir  Stewart  Colvin  (1836- 
1890),  lieutenant-governor  of  India 
1882-1887:  sketch  of.  5,  262 

Bayley,  William  Butter  worth  (1782- 
1860)  acting  governor-general  of 
India.  5.  212 

Bayol,  Dr.  (ca.  1880).  a  French  ex- 
plorer in  Africa:  concludes  treaty 
with  the  Almamy  of  Futa  Jallon. 
19.  150 

Bayou  State,  The:  sec  Mississippi 

Bayrcuth,  Margravine  of  (h.  1709). 
her  description  of  Catherine,  13.  68 

Bazaine,  Francois  Achille  ( 181 1-1888). 


92 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


a  French  marshal:  his  campaign  in 
Mexico,  9,  453;  in  the  Franco-Prus- 
sian war,  9,  463,  18,  421 

Beachy  Head,  France:  battle  of  (1689), 
ii,  438 

Beaconsfield,  Lord:  see  Disraeli,  Ben- 
jamin 

Bear  State,  The:  see  Arkansas 

Beast  of  Ansonia,  The  Ferocious:  see 
Caracalla,  Roman  emperor 

Beaton,  David  (1494-1546),  a  Scotch 
prelate:  murder  of,  12,  307 

Beaton,  James  (d.  1539),  Archbishop 
of  St.  Andrews:  leads  French  party 
in  Scotland,  12,  302 

Beatrix  (ca.  1150),  Princess  of  Bur- 
gundy: wife  of  Frederick  Barba- 
rossa,  18,  149 

Beatrix  (ca.  1050),  Countess  of  Tus- 
cany: marries  Godfrey  of  Lorraine, 
18,  130 

Beatrix  de  Guzman  (ca.  1250),  a  Cas- 
tilian  princess:  marries  Alfonso  III 
of  Portugal,  8,  281 

Beatrix  of  Portugal  (ca.  1385):  mar- 
ries Juan  I  of  Castile,  8,  173,  291; 
proclaimed  queen  of  Portugal,  295 

Beauchesne-Gouin  (18th  century),  a 
French  explorer  in  South  America: 
explorations  of,  31,  34 

Beaufort,  Due  de:  see  Vendome,  Fran- 
cois de 

Beaufort,  Henry  (d.  1447),  Bishop  of 
Winchester:  feud  with  Duke  of 
Gloucester,  XI,  202;  becomes  car- 
dinal, 202;  advocates  peace  with 
France,  205;  death,  207 

Beaufort,  John,  Duke  of  Somerset  (ca. 
1443),  English  soldier:  succeeds  to 
the  command  in  France,  11,  206; 
death,  207 

Beauharnais,  Alexandre  (d.  1793),  a 
French  general:  death  of,  9,  287, 
10,  279 

Beauharnais,  Eugene  de  (1781-1824), 
French  soldier  and  statesman:  made 
viceroy  of  Italy,  9,  324,  xo,  462,  18, 
371;  his  campaign  against  Russia, 
15,  226;  his  campaign  in  Italy,  17, 
299;  defeated  in  Italy,  311;  cam- 
paigns of,  18,  376,  382 

Beauharnais,  Stephanie  de  (ca.  1800): 
marriage  of,  18,  371 


Beaulieu,     Jean     Pierre,     Baron     de 

(1725-1819),  an  Austrian  general: 
his  campaign  against  Napoleon,  9, 
298;  made  minister  of  finance,  10, 
176 

Beaumarchais,  Eustace  de  (1278): 
governor  of  Navarre,  8,  207 

Beaumarchais,  Pierre  Augustin  Caron 
de  (1732-1799),  a  French  writer: 
aids  Americans,  23,  265;  death,  266 

Beaumont,  France:  battle  of  (1870),  9, 
414,  18,  423 

Beaumont,  Christophe  de  (ca.  1750), 
Archbishop  of  Paris:  intolerance  of, 

9,  241 

Beaune  la  Roland,   France:  battle  of 

(1870),  18,  425 
Beaupreau,   France:  battle  of    (i793), 

10,  249 

Beauregard,  Pierre  Gustave  Toutant, 
an  American  general:  born  near 
New  Orleans,  May  28,  1818;  gradu- 
ated from  West  Point,  1838,  and 
appointed  lieutenant  of  engineers; 
served  with  distinction  in  the  Mex- 
ican War;  made  captain  of  engi- 
neers, 1853;  was  in  charge  of  the 
defenses  of  New  Orleans,  1853- 
1860;  appointed  superintendent  of 
the  Academy  at  West  Point,  No- 
vember, i860,  but  resigned  February 
20,  1861,  and  was  brigadier-general 
in  the  Confederate  army;  directed 
the  operations  against  Fort  Sumter, 
1861;  won  the  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
1861,  for  which  he  was  made  gen- 
eral; was  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh, 
1861;  defended  Corinth,  April  7  to 
May  20,  1862;  commanded  the  de- 
fense of  the  Southern  coast  against 
Admiral  Dupont's  attack,  April  7, 
1863;  commanded  in  Virginia,  1864; 
opposed  Sherman's  march  to  the 
sea,  1864;  surrendered  with  John- 
ston, 1865;  president  of  the  New 
Orleans  and  Jackson  Railroad, 
1865-1870;  offered  the  chief  com- 
mand of  the  Roumanian  army,  1866, 
and  of  the  army  of  the  Khedive 
of  Egypt,  1869,  both  of  which  he 
declined;  became  adjutant-general 
of  Louisiana,  1878;  died  in  New 
Orleans,  February  20,  1893 


GENERAL    INDEX 


In  the  Mexican  War,  22,  326;  at 
bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter,  24, 
710;  issues  proclamation  to  Vir- 
ginians, 731;  at  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
734;  advises  against  attack  on 
Washington,  736;  at  battle  of  Pitts- 
burg Landing,  747;  fails  to  follow 
up  victory  at  Pittsburg  Landing, 
748;  succeeded  by  Bragg,  774 
Beauvais,  France:  siege  of  (1472),  13, 

45 

Beauvais  (d.  1793),  a  Girondist  dep- 
uty: death  of,  10,  279 

Bebel,  Ferdinand  August  (1840 ), 

a  German  socialist:  his  work  among 
the  Austrian  Socialists,  17,  438; 
supports  Fejervary,  17,  446;  leads 
the  Social  Democrats,  18,  438 

Beccaria  (ca.  1550),  a  Swiss  preacher: 
preaches  in  Locarno,  13,  456 

Beccariai  Cesar e  Bonesano,  Marquis 
of  (18th  century),  an  Italian  author: 
sketch  of,  4,  339 

Bechuanaland  Protectorate,  Africa: 
sketch  of,  19,  214,  20,  259 

Beck,  James  Burnie,  a  Kentucky  sen- 
ator: elected  senator,  24,  916 

Becker  (d.  1843),  editor  of  Vienna 
"  Radical":  death  of,  17,  376 

Becket:  see  Thomas  a  Becket 

Beda,  Abbot  of  St.  Gall  (673-735  A. 
D.),  the  first  English  historian: 
sketch  of,  13,  506 

Bedeau,  Marie  Alphonse  (ca.  1850), 
a  republican  general  of  France:  ar- 
rest of,  9,  441 

Beder,  Arabia:  battle  of,  1,  226 

Bedford,  England:  battle  of  (571  A. 
D.),  II,  24 

Bedford  (ca.  1787),  member  of  Con- 
stitutional Convention  from  Dela- 
ware, 23,  326 

Bedford,  Dukes  of:  see  Russell 

Bedford,  John,  Duke  of  (1389-1435): 
regent  of  France,  9,  113;  career  of, 
II,  201 

Bedmar,  Marquis  of  (1572-1655),  a 
Spanish  diplomat:  conspires  against 
Venice,  4,  315 

Bedocdard,  Sultan  of  Egypt  1261:  his 
conquests  in  Palestine,  9,  84 

Bedoya,  Diaz  de   (ca.   1870),  member 


of  provisional  government  of   Par- 
aguay, 21,   159 

Bedriacum,  Italy:  first  battle  of  (69 
A.  D.),  4,  71;  second  battle  of  (69 
A.  D.),  72 

Bee,  Bernard  E.  (1823-1861),  a  Con- 
federate general:  at  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  24,  735 

Beecher,  Henry  Ward,  an  American 
divine  and  author:  born  at  Litch- 
field, Conn.,  June  24,  1813;  gradu- 
ated from  Amherst  College,  1834; 
studied  theology  under  his  father's 
direction  at  Lane  Seminary;  was 
pastor  at  Lawrenceberg,  Del.,  1837- 
1839;  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  1839- 
1847;  and  of  the  Plymouth  Congre- 
gational Church  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
1847-1887;  editor  of  the  "  Independ- 
ent," 1 861-1863;  delivered  addresses 
in  Great  Britain  on  Civil  War  top- 
ics, 1863;  founded  the  "  Christian 
Union"  and  was  its  editor,  1870- 
1881;  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
March  8,  1887 

Member  of  American  Anti-Slav- 
ery Society,  24,  574;  opposes  Lin- 
coln, 709;  opposes  election  of 
Blaine  (1884),  946 

Behar,  British  India:  conquered  by 
Bakhtiyar  Khilji  (1190),  5,  95 

Behring  Sea,  North  America:  seal 
fisheries  dispute,  24,  979;  British 
vessels  seized  in,  980;  Russian  seiz- 
ure of  American  vessels,  1055; 
terms  of  settlement  of  dispute,  981 

Beirut,  Turkey:   siege  of,   14,  437 

Bejar,  Spain:  founded,  22,  189;  battle 
of  (1835),  24,  533 

Bekovich,  Prince  (d.  1717),  a  Russian 
general:  sketch  of,  15,  77 

Bela  I  (d.  1063),  King  of  Hungary, 
1061-1063:  career  of,  17,  50 

Bela  (II)  the  Blind,  King  of  Hun- 
gary,  1131-1141:  reign  of,  17,  53 

Bela  III,  King  of  Hungary,  1174- 
1196:  reign  of,  17,  54 

Bela  IV,  King  of  Hungary,  1235- 
1270:  reign  of,  17,  57 

Bel-bani  (Bel-kapkapu),  King  of  As- 
syria, ca.  1300  B.  C:  founds  king- 
dom, 1,  78 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Belcredi,  Richard,   Count  von   (1823- 

),  an  Austrian  politician:  made 

premier,  17,  389 

Beldenak,  Jens,  Bishop  of  Odense  (ca. 
1520),  Scandinavian  divine:  pro- 
vokes the  blood  bath  of  Stockholm, 

16,  149;  at  Brunnbak,  153 

Belfort,   France:   siege  of   (1871),   18, 

425 

Belgae,  Celtic  tribe  of  Northern  Gaul: 
league  of,  3,  298;  at  war  with 
Romans,  3,  302,  13,  5;  revolt  of,  9, 
8;  invade  Britain,  II,  6 

Belgian  Katanga  Company,  in  Africa: 
formed  (1890),  19,  240 

Belgium,  called  the  Cockpit  of  Eu- 
rope, History  of:  see  Holland  and 
Belgium,  History  of 

Belgrade,  called  The  White  City,  cap- 
ital of  Servia:  destroyed  by  the 
Venetians  and  Turks,  17,  54;  sieges 
of  (1440),  157;  (1456),  14,  82,  17, 
160;  (1521),  14,  147;  (1688),  14,  256, 

17,  231,  18,  304;  (1691),  14,  260; 
(1717),  14,  289,  17,  235,  18,  320; 
(1739),  15,  123;  (1789),  I7»  271,  18, 
351 

Belgrade,  Peace  of,  concluded  be- 
tween Turkey,  Austria  and  Russia 
(1739),  14,  315,  374,  15,  124,  17, 
192,  235 

Belgrano,  Manuel  (ca.  1800),  Brazil- 
ian rebel:  leads  revolutionary  move- 
ment, 21,  57 

Belisarius  (505-565  A.  D.),  general  of 
the  Byzantine  Empire:  conquest 
of  Italy,  2,  532,  4,  159;  his  cam- 
paigns against  Totila,  4,  161;  his 
campaigns  against  the  Persians,  5, 
319;  captures  the  Balearic  Isles,  8, 
3;  career  of,  18,  49 

Belknap,  William  Worth  (1829-1890), 
American  politician  and  general: 
impeached,  24,  895 

Bell,  The  Dinner:  see  Burke,  Ed- 
mund 

Bell,  King,  sovereign  in  Guinea 
(1884):  negotiates  for  European 
protection,  19,  in 

Bell,  Henry  (1767-1830),  Scottish  engi 
neer    and     mechanic:     makes     first 
English  steamboat,  11,  590 

Bell,     John      (1797-1869),      American 


statesman:  opposes  Kansas-Ne- 
braska Bill,  24,  637;  nominated  for 
President  by  Constitutional  Union 
Party,  680;  joins  secessionists,  719 

Bellanaboy:  see  Yellow  Ford 

Belle-Isle,  in  the  bay  of  Biscay:  bat- 
tles of  (1747),  9,  240;  (1795),  294 

Belleisle,  Charles  Louis  Auguste  Fou- 
quet,  Duke  of  (1684-1761),  French 
marshal  and  politician:  in  the  War 
of  the  Austrian  Succession,  9,  240; 
plans  division  of  the  Austrian  state, 
17,  239 

Bellevue,  Germany:  surrender  at,  18, 

424 
Bellingshausen,  Russian  Antarctic  ex- 
plorer,   1819-1821:    explorations    of, 

16,  333 

Bellinzona      (Bellenz),      Switzerland: 

siege  of  (1478),  13,  414 
Bellomont,  Earl  of,  Governor  of  New 

York,   1698-1701:   administration  of, 

23,  106;  extent  of  his  power,  116 
Bellovaci,  tribe  of  the  Belgian  Gauls: 

Caesar's  campaign  against,  3,  308 
Bellows,  Henry  Whitney  (1814-1882), 
American    Unitarian    divine:    presi- 
dent   of   the    Sanitary   Commission, 

24,  825 

Bell-the-Cat:  see  Angus,  Archibald 
Douglas,  Earl  of 

Belluno,  Claude  Perrin  Victor,  Duke 
of  (1764-1841),  French  marshal: 
made  minister  of  war,  9,  378 

Belshazzar:  see  Nabonidos 

Belshazzar's  Feast,  in  American  poli- 
tics (1884),  24,  947 

Belton,  Mexican  general  (1847):  in 
the  Mexican  War,  22,  348 

Belzu,  Manuel  Isidoro,  Bolivian  revo- 
lutionist: president  of  Bolivia  (1848- 
1855),  21,  188;  death  of,  190 

Bern,  Joseph  (1795-1850),  Polish  gen- 
eral: in  the  Hungarian  insurrection, 
15,  301,  17,  371,  18,  401;  escapes  to 
Turkey,  15,  303,  17,  372;  death  of, 

17,  373 

Bembo,  Cardinal  Pietro  (1470-1547), 
Italian  cardinal:  labors  for  restora- 
tion of  letters,  4,  299 

Bemis  Heights,  New  York:  battle  of 
(1777),  23,  255 

Bemohi,    king    of    the    Jalofs,    Africa 


GENERAL    INDEX 


95 


(1480):  forms  alliance  with  Joam  II 

of  Portugal,  8,  323 
Benavides,  Manuel  (ca.  1530),  Spanish 

courtier:    nominated   as    viceroy   of 

New  Spain,  22,  106 
Benbow,    John    (1650-1702),    English 

admiral:    his   campaign   against   the 

French,  13,  250 
Benburb,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1646),  12, 

121 
Benczur    (19th    century),    Hungarian 

painter:  sketch  of,  17,  416 
Bend  State,  The  Big:  see  Tennessee 
Bender,   Russia:   siege   of    (1770),   14, 

329;  Charles  XII  of  Sweden  at,  15, 

54,  58;  taken  by  the  Russians  (1789), 

185 
Bender,    Baron    Blasius    von    (1713- 

1798),    Austrian    general:    his    cam- 
paign in  Belgium,  13,  262 
Bendin,     Father     (ca.     1650),     Jesuit 

priest:  his  work  among  the  Indians, 

22,  168 
Benedek,    Ludwig    von     (1804-1881), 

Austrian   general:   his   campaign   in 

Cracow,   17,   347;   at   the   battle   of 

Sadowa,  17,  392,  18,  410 
Benedetti,  Count  Vincent  (1817-1900), 

French     diplomat:    ambassador    to 

Berlin,  9,  462;  negotiations  of,   18, 

416 
Benedict  VIII   (d.  1024),  Pope,  1012- 

1024:  implores  assistance  of  Henry 

II,   18,   122 
Benedict  IX,   Pope,   1034-1044,   called 

the  Boy  Pope:  his  relations  with  the 

Emperor    Vacslav,     17,     118;    bans 

Archbishop   Heribert  of  Milan,   18, 

127 
Benedict  XII,  Pope,  1334-1342:  his  re- 
lations with  Lewis  of  Bavaria,   18, 

189 
Benedict   XIII,   anti-Pope,    1394-1424: 

struggle  with  Boniface   IX,  9,    109; 

at   Avignon,    198;    deposed,   201;   in 

Spain,  204 
Benedict     (ca.     1090),     Scandinavian 

chief:  death  of,  16,  73 
Benedict  of  Nursia    (480-543   A.   D.), 

Italian     ecclesiast:     organizes     the 

Benedictine  Rule,  II,  29 
Benedictines,  Order  of,  a  religious  or- 


der: founded  (529)  in  Campania,  11, 
29;  increase  of  wealth  and  influence, 
91;  in  Switzerland,  13,  355 

Beneski,  Charles  de  (ca.  1800),  Polish 
spy:  visits  Mexico,  22,  258 

Beneventum  or  Benevento,  Italy: 
Pyrrhus  defeated  at,  2,  516,  3,  80; 
battles  of  (275  B.  C),  3,  80;  (1266), 
18,  169 

Benezet,  Anthony  (1713-1784),  Fran- 
co-American philanthropist:  arouses 
Quakers  against  slavery,  23,   130 

Bengal,  British  India:  separated  from 
Madras,  5,  165 

Bengal  Company  of  Embden:  organ- 
ized (ca.  1750),  5,  174 

Bengal  Rent  Act  (1885),  regulating 
rights  of  tenants  against  Bengal 
landlords,  5,  260 

Bengal  Tenancy  Acts,  securing  land 
rights  of  peasantry  of  Bengal: 
(1859),  244;  (1885),  244 

Bengtsson,  Jons  (141 7-1467),  Arch- 
bishop of  Upsala:  rebellion  of,   16, 

133 

Beni  Kainoka,  Jewish  tribe  in  Arabia: 
defeated  by  Mohammed,  1,  228 

Beni  Nadir,  Jewish  tribe  in  Arabia: 
at  war  with  Mohammed,  1,  229 

Benjamin,  Judah  Philip  (1811-1884), 
American  politician:  Confederate 
Attorney-General,  24,  694 

Benkendorf,  Count  Alexander  (1782- 
1844),  Russian  general  and  diplo- 
mat: in  Moscow,  15,  242;  his  cam- 
paign against  Persia,  283 

Bennet,  Henry,  Earl  of  Arlington:  see 
Arlington,  Henry  Bennet,  Earl  of 

Bennigsen,    Rudolf    von     (1824 ), 

German  statesman:  leads  the  Na- 
tional Liberals,  18,  446  note 

Benningsen  (Bennigsen),  Count  Levin 
August  Theophile  (1745-1826),  Rus- 
sian commander:  implicated  in  the 
assassination  of  Paul,  15,  209;  his 
campaign  against  Napoleon,  9,  329, 
15,  228;  his  efforts  to  save  Moscow, 
15,  241;  before  Napoleon,  246 

Bennington,  Vermont:  battle  of 
(1777),  23,  253 

Bent,  Charles,  New  Mexican  governor 
(1847):  death  of,  22,  305 


96 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Bentham,  Jeremy  (i  748-1 832),  Eng- 
lish jurist  and  philosopher:  sketch 
of,  11,  578 

Bentinck,  General  (ca.  1850),  English 
soldier:   in   the   Crimean   War,   15, 

3ii 

Bentinck,  Lord  George  (1802-1848), 
English  political  leader:  defeats 
Peel  ministry,  11,  606 

Bentinck,  Lord  William  Cavendish 
(1774-1839),  English  soldier  and 
diplomat:  removed  from  governor- 
ship of  Madras,  5,  204;  governor- 
general  of  India,  212;  impeached, 
II,  450;  becomes  Prime  Minister, 
525;  second  ministry  of,  559;  death 
of,  563 

Benton,  Thomas  Hart,  an  American 
statesman:  born  near  Hillsborough, 
N.  C,  March  14,  1782;  moved  to 
Tennessee,  where  he  studied  law 
and  began  to  practice  in  Nashville 
about  1810;  served  as  a  colonel  un- 
der General  Jackson  in  the  War  of 
1812;  became  a  resident  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  1815;  a  member  of  United 
States  Senate,  1820-1851;  a  Member 
of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
1853-1855;  died  in  Washington,  D. 
C,  April   10,  1858 

Quoted  on  J.  Q.  Adams's  adminis- 
tration, 23,  466;  opposed  to  Panama 
Congress,  469;  attacks  United  States 
Bank,  502;  quoted  on  the  distribu- 
tion of  public  moneys,  505;  quoted 
on  settlement  of  Northwest  Bound- 
ary Dispute,  24,  544;  opposes  Mex- 
ican War,  554;  altercation  with 
Senator  Foote,  608;  votes  against 
Kansas-Nebraska  Bill,  637 

Bentsiaputse,  Japan:  captured  by  the 
Russians,  7,  311 

Benyovski  (Benyowsky,  Beniowski), 
Count  Mauric  August  (1741-1786), 
Hungarian  nobleman  and  adven- 
turer: attempts  to  establish  French 
influence  in  Madagascar,  19,  212 

Beorhtic  (ca.  750  A.  D.),  Saxon  chief: 
his  contest  with  Ecgberht  for  West 
Saxon  crown,  11,  40 

Bera,  Count  of  Barcelona,  ca.  801  A. 
D.:  reign  of,  8,  219 


Berangaria,  Queen  of  Denmark,  ca. 
1200,  wife  of  Valdemar:  the  jew- 
els of,  16,  88;  sketch  of,  90 

Berbera,  eastern  Africa:  held  by  Eng- 
land, 19,  85 

Berbers,  race  of  people  of  Hamitic 
family,  scattered  over  North  Africa 
and  the  Sahara,  18,  49 

Berbice,  British  Guiana:  taken  by  the 
English,  20,  143 

Berchthold  (II)  of  Zaringen,  Duke  of 
Suabia,    ca.    1050:    made    duke,    13, 

347 

Berchthold  IV,  Duke  of  Suabia,  ca. 
1 177:  reign  of,  13,  349 

Berchthold  V,  Duke  of  Suabia,  ca. 
1 190:  reign  of,  13,  349 

Berebistas,  King  of  the  Dacians,  40-20 
B.  C:  sketch  of,  17,  12 

Berednikov  (ca.  1750),  Russian  gov- 
ernor: Mirovish  surrenders  to,  15, 
163 

Berengaria  (d.  1244),  Queen  of  Cas- 
tile:  marries   Alfonso   IX   of   Leon, 

8,  148;  regent  of  Castile,  149 
Berengaria  of  Navarre  (d.  1230) :  mar- 
ries Richard  I  of  England,  8,  203 

Berengario    I     (d.     1035),     Count    of 

Barcelona:  reign  of,  8,  226 
Berengario  (ca.  1100),  brother  of  Ray- 

mundo   III   of   Barcelona:   attempts 

to    gain    the    fief    of    Barcelona,    8, 

226 
Berenger  I,  King  of  Italy,  888-924  A. 

D.:  reign  of,  4,  180,  18,  98,  99 
Berenger     (Berengar)     II,     King     of 

Italy,    950-961    A.    D.:    reign    of,    4, 

181;  demands  hand  of  Adelheid,  18, 

111;  banished,   114 
Berenger   (ca.   1760),  French  minister 

to  Russia:  takes  charge  of  embassy, 

15,   158 
Beresford,  John  (1773-1862),   Primate 

of  Ireland:  retired,  12,  203 
Beresina,  Russia:  battle  of  the  (1812), 

9,  342,  15,  253,  18,  380 
Berezowski    (ca.    1850),   a    Polish    fa- 
natic: his  attempt  to  assassinate  the 
tsar,  15,  339 

Berg,  Count  of  (ca.  1630),  German 
commander:  his  campaign  in  the 
Netherlands,  13,  210 


GENERAL    INDEX 


97 


Berg,  Christian  Paulsen  (1829-1891), 
Danish  statesman:  leads  the  liber- 
als, 16,  289 

Berg,  Count  Friedrich  Wilhelm  Rem- 
bert  (ca.  1850),  Russian  noble: 
made  dictator  in  Poland,  15,  329 

Bergen,  Norway:  captured  by  the 
Hansers,  16,  127 

Bergen,  Prussia:  battles  of  (1759).  9> 
245;   (1799),  10,  407 

Bergen,  Marquis  of  (ca.  1550),  Dutch 
noble:  his  mission  to  Madrid,  13, 
90,  93;  flees  to  Germany,  103 

Bergen-op-Zoom,  Netherlands:  battles 
of  (1573),  13,  116;  (1622),  204; 
(1709),  267 

Bergerac,  Peace  of  (1577),  a  treaty 
between  the  Huguenots  and  Cath- 
olics, 9,  160 

Bergh,  Count  van  den  (ca.  1580), 
brother  of  William  I  of  Orange: 
joins  the  Spanish,  13,  141 

Berghama  (Pergamus),  Turkey:  an- 
nexed by  Orkhan,  14,  23 

Berghem,  France:  battle  of  (i799),  9» 
310 

Bering,  Vitus  (1680-1741),  a  Danish 
navigator  in  the  Russian  service: 
commissioned  by  Peter,  15,  82;  his 
second  expedition,  114;  explorations 
of,  16,  305;  see  also  Behring  Sea 

Berislavl:  see  Kizi-Kermen 

Berkeley,  Ernest  (ca.  1890),  an  Eng- 
lishman in  African  service:  becomes 
administrator  of  British  East 
Africa,  19,  204 

Berkeley,  Sir  John  (1663-1697),  an 
English  naval  officer:  made  Carolina 
proprietor,  23,  73;  proprietor  of 
New  Jersey,  108;  sells  interest  to 
Quakers,  109 

Berkeley,  Sir  William  (d.  1677):  gov- 
ernor of  Virginia,  23,  63;  Charles  I 
restores,  64;  Charles  II  recalls,  66; 
opposed  to  printing  presses,  43 

Berkuk  (ca.  1382),  first  of  Circassian 
Mamelukes  in  Egypt,  14,  128 

Berlin,  Germany:  siege  of  (1760),  15, 
149,  18,  341;  Napoleon  in  (1806),  10, 
470,  18,  373;  rising  in  (1848),  18, 
398;  Samoan  commission  meets  at, 
24,  977 

Berlin,  Congress  of,  a  congress  con- 


sisting of  representatives  of  the 
German  Empire,  Austria,  France, 
England,  Italy,  Russia  and  Turkey 
(1878),  14,  487,  17,  420 

Berlin,  Treaties  of:  a  treaty  between 
Maria  Theresa  and  Frederick  II  of 
Prussia  (1742),  17,  241;  a  treaty  be- 
tween the  German  Empire,  Aus- 
tria, France,  England,  Italy,  Russia 
and  Turkey  (1878),  5,  256,  XI,  632, 
14,  488,  491,  498,  15,  338,  17,  421 

Berlin,  University  of:  founded  (1810), 
10,  487 

Berlin  Conference,  The,  a  conference 
of  European  powers  and  the  United 
States  to  settle  questions  of  parti- 
tions in  Africa  (1884-1885),  13,  311, 
19,   78,   114 

Berlin  Decrees,  The,  decrees  issued 
by  Napoleon  I  to  prohibit  com- 
merce with  Great  Britain  (1806),  8, 
484,  9,  329,  10,  473,  11,  560,  13, 
268,  15,  216,  20,  142,  23,  407 

Bermudas,  The  (The  Gibraltar  of  the 
West  Indies),  a  group  of  islands  in 
the  North  Atlantic  Ocean:  history 
of,  20,  249 

Bermudez,  Gonzalo  (ca.  980  A.  D.), 
Spanish  rebel:  encourages  Mo- 
hammedan invasion,  8,  138 

Bermudez,  Morales  (1836-1894), 
President  of  Peru,  1890:  his  admin- 
istration as  president  of  Peru,  21, 
242 

Bermudez,  Pedro  Pablo  (1 798-1852),  a 
Peruvian  general:  candidate  for 
presidential  honors,  21,  194 

Bermudo  (Veremundo)  I,  King  of  As- 
turias  and  Leon,  788-791  A.  D.  : 
reign  of,  8,  132;  at  war  with  Ferdi- 
nand of  Castile,  200 

Bermudo  (Veremundo)  II,  King  of 
Asturias  and  Leon,  982-999:  reign 
of,  8,  137 

Bermudo  (Veremundo)  III,  King  of 
Asturias  and  Leon,  1028-1037:  reign 
of,  8,  139 

Bernadotte,  Jean  Baptiste  Jules:  see 
Charles  XIV,  King  of  Sweden 

Bernard,  King  of  Italy,  ca.  812-ca. 
818:  accession  of,  9,  44;  reign  of,  4, 
177;  conspiracy  of,  18,  90;  death  of, 
9,  47 


98 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Bernard,  King  of  Lombardy:  see 
Bernard,  King  of  Italy 

Bernard  VII,  Count  of  Armagnac:  see 
Armagnac,  Bernard  VII,  Count  of 

Bernard  (Bernhard)  (1604-1639), 
Duke  of  Saxe-Weimar,  a  comman- 
der in  the  Thirty  Years'  War:  joins 
Gustavus  Adolphus,  18,  281;  his 
campaigns  in  the  Thirty  Years' 
War,  9,  190;  succeeds  to  command 
of  army,  13,  215,  18,  284;  his  alli- 
ance with  Louis  XIII  of  France, 
289;  death  of,  290 

Bernard,  Saint  (1091-1153),  Abbot  of 
Clairvaux,  a  French  ecclesiastic: 
preaches  the  Second  Crusade,  9,  73, 
18,  145 

Bernard  (early  19th  century),  a 
French    soldier:    conspiracy    of,    9, 

375 

Bernard,  Atto  (early  12th  century), 
Viscount  de  Beziers:  usurps  the  fief 
of  Carcassonne,  8,  227 

Bernard,  Sir  Charles  Edward  (1837- 
1901),  an  English  civil  service  offi- 
cial: sketch  of,  5,  264;  made  chief 
commissioner  in  Burma,  266 

Bernard,  Martin  (b.  1808),  a  French 
radical  politician:  leader  of  the  So- 
ciety of  the  Seasons,  9,  417 

Bernard,  Montague  (1820-1882),  an 
English  lawyer:  in  Joint  High  Com- 
mission, 24,  883 

Bernard,  Simon  (19th  century),  a 
French  conspirator:  trial  of,  9,  450 

Bernardo,  Count  of  Barcelona  (ca. 
820) :  reign  of,  8,  220 

Bernburg,  Germany:  siege  of  (1809), 
18,  376 

Berne,  Switzerland:  sieges  of  (1288), 
13,  361;  (i53S),  447;  at  war  with 
French,  510;  Diet  of  (1847),  551 

Bernhard,  Duke  of  Weimar  (1604- 
1639),  a  German  general:  his  cam- 
paign in  Switzerland,  13,  464;  at  the 
battle  of  Liitzen,  16,  184;  power  of, 
18,   130 

Bernicia,  England:  founding  of,  II, 
25 

Bernini,  Giovanni  Lorenzo  (1598- 
1680),  an  Italian  architect,  sculptor 
and  painter:  work  of,  4,  411 


Bernoulli,  Daniel  (1700-1782),  a  noted 
mathematician  and  physicist:  sketch 
of,  13,  482 

Bernoulli,  Jacob  (1654-1705),  a  pro- 
fessor of  mathematics  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Basel:  sketch  of,  13,  482; 
services  of,  15,  195 

Bernoulli,  Johann  (1667-1748),  a  Swiss 
mathematician  and  physicist:  sketch 
of,  13,  482;  services  of,  15,  195 

Bernstorf,  Count  Andreas  Peter 
(1735-1797),  a  Danish  statesman: 
recall   of,   16,  254 

Bernstorf,  Count  Christian  Gunther 
(1769-1835),  a  Danish  statesman: 
negotiates  the  Peace  of  Vienna,  16, 

275 

Bernstorff,  Count  Johan  Hartwig 
Ernst  von  (1712-1772),  a  Danish 
statesman:  diplomacy  of,  15,  207; 
exile  of,  16,  241 

Berosos  (ca.  300  B.  C),  Babylonian 
priest  and  historian:  source  of 
Babylonian  and  Assyrian  history,  1, 
69 

Berro,  Bernardo  Prudencio  (1800- 
1868),  Uruguayan  politician  and 
journalist:  elected  president  of  Uru- 
guay, 21,   141 

Berry,  Charles  of  France,  Duke  of 
(1446-1477):  at  head  of  the  League 
of  the  Public  Good,  9,  122;  death  of, 
124 

Berry,  Charles  Ferdinand,  Duke  of 
(1778-1820):  assassination  of,  9,  372 

Berry,  Jean  of  France,  Duke  of  (1340- 
1416):  claims  regency  for  Charles 
VI  of  France,  9,  106;  dismissed 
from  government  of  Languedoc,  108 

Berryer,  Pierre  Antoine  (1790-1868), 
French  advocate  and  political  ora- 
tor: enters  parliamentary  life,  9, 
389;  arrest  of,  441 

Berserkers,  Scandinavian  warriors : 
legend  of  the,  16,  18 

Berszenyi,  Daniel  (1776-1836),  Hun- 
garian poet:  aids  Hungarian  lan- 
guage, 17,  333 

Bertha,  Queen  of  Burgundy  (ca.  900 
A.  D.) :  sketch  of,  13,  344 

Bertha,  Queen  of  Kent  (ca.  560  A. 
D.):  marries  ^Ethelberht,  11,  27 


GENERAL    INDEX 


99 


Bertha,  widow  of  Eudes  I  of  Bois 
(ca.  900  A.  D.) :  marries  Robert  II 
of  France,  9,  67 

Bertha,  wife  of  Henry  IV  (ca.  1060) : 
sketch  of,  18,  132 

Bertha,  daughter  of  Count  Florent  of 
Holland  (ca.  1100):  marries  Philip 
I  of  France,  9,  71 

Berthair,  mayor  of  the  palace  (ca. 
700  A.  D.) :  reign  of,  9,  35 

Berthelier,  Philibert  (1470-15 19),  Ge- 
nevan leader:  sketch  of,  13,  447 

Berthier  (ca.  1780),  French  official: 
death  of,  10,  73 

Berthier,  Alexandre  (1753-1815),  mar- 
shal of  French  Empire:  his  cam- 
paign in  Italy,  9,  307;  made  marshal 
of  the  empire,  322;  invested  with  the 
principality  of  Neufchatel,  10,  468; 
at  the  Beresina,  15,  253 

Berthold  (1442-1504),  Archbishop  of 
Mayence:  at  Diet  of  Worms,  18, 
226 

Berthold  (ca.  900  A.  D.),  Count  of 
Suabia:  at  the  battle  of  the  Inn,  18, 
104 

Bertie,  Robert,  Earl  of  Lindsey  (1572- 
"1642),  English  admiral:  his  expedi- 
tion to   Rochelle,   II,  325 

Bertola  (ca.  1700),  Italian  engineer: 
at  siege  of  Turin  (1704),  4,  328 

Berton,  Jean  Baptiste  (1 769-1 822), 
French  general  of  brigade:  insti- 
gates a  Bonapartist  plot,  9,  378 

Bertrade:  see  Bertha 

Bertram  de  la  Cueva  (ca.  1500),  Span- 
ish general:  his  campaign  against 
the  French,  8,  349 

Berwick,  England:  captured  by  the 
English  (1294),  12,  274;  sieges  of 
(1314),  282;   (1333),  II,  157,  12,  285 

Berwick,  James  Fitzjames,  Duke  of 
(1670-1734),  English  soldier:  com- 
mands French  army  in  Spain,  8, 
393;  invades  Spain,  8,  406,  9,  223, 
231;    his   campaign   in    Germany,    9, 

235_ 
Berwick,  Treaty  of  (1638),  concluded 

between  England  and  Scotland,  II, 

336,  12,  338 
Berzelius,  Johan  Jacob,  Baron  (1779- 

1848),   Swedish  chemist:   sketch   of, 

16,  264 


Besborodko,  Count  Alexander  (1742- 
I799).  Russian  statesman:  negoti- 
ates the  Treaty  of  Jassy,  15,  187 

Besner,  Baron  de  (ca.  1750),  French 
statesman:  attempts  to  found  col- 
ony in  Guiana,  20,  121 

Bessarabia,  southwestern  Russia:  an- 
nexed to  Russia,  17,  306 

Bessenyi,  George  (d.  1810),  Hunga- 
rian poet:  serves  in  the  guard  of 
Maria  Theresa,  17,  273 

Bessieres,  Jean  Baptiste  (1768-1813), 
French  marshal:  made  marshal  of 
the  empire,  9,  322 

Bessos  (ca.  300  B.  C),  satrap  of  Bac- 
triana:  murders  Darius  III,  1,  169; 
Persian  usurper,  2,  499 

Bestuzhev,  Count  Alexis  Petrovitch 
(1693-1766),  Russian  statesman: 
ministry  of,  16,  228;  resident  at  the 
court  in  Courland,  15,  104,  107;  tes- 
tifies against  Biron,  128;  his  rela- 
tions with  England  and  Prussia,  138, 
142,  146;  banishment  of,  148 

Bestuzhev-Riumin,  Michael  (ca.  1800), 
Russian  conspirator:  in  the  plot  of 
the  Dekabrists,  15,  273 

Beszeredy  (ca.  1800),  Hungarian  pa- 
triot: in  the  diet  of  1836,  17,  352 

Bethel,  Palestine:  conquered  by  He- 
brews, 1,  377 

Bethencourt,  Jean  de  (d.  1425), 
French  adventurer:  his  conquest  of 
the  Canaries,  21,  3 

Bethhoron,  Palestine:  battles  of 
(166  B.  C),  1,  406;   (65  A.  D.),  410 

Bethlen,  Gabriel,  Prince  of  Transyl- 
vania (1580-1629),  Magyar  general 
and  ruler:  invades  Hungary,  17, 
205;  leads  Transylvanians,  224;  re- 
volt of,  18,  267;  makes  peace  with 
Ferdinand  II  of  Germany,  273; 
elected  prince,  17,  225;  claims 
throne  of  Hungary,  226;  death  of, 
226 

Bethmont,  Eugene  (1804-1860), 
French  lawyer:  member  of  the  pro- 
visional government,  9,  435 

Bethune,  Sir  Henry  (ca.  1800),  Eng- 
lish minister  to  Persia:  establishes 
English  influence  in  Persia,  5,  360 

Betrand  du  Guesclin  (1320-1380), 
French    commander:    joins    conspi- 


100 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


racy  against  Pedro  the  Cruel,  8,  166 

Betski  (ca.  1800),  Russian  educator: 
the  labors  of,  15,  195 

Better  Government  of  India,  Act  for 
the:  see  Government  of  India,  Act 
for  the  Better 

Beugnot,  Jacques  Claude  (1761-1835), 
French  statesman:  made  minister  of 
police,  9,  356 

Beuren,  Count  of:  see  Philip  William, 
Prince  of  Orange 

Beurnonville,  Pierre  Riel  de  (1752- 
1821),  French  general  and  politician: 
his  campaigns  in  the  Franco-Aus- 
trian War,  9,  276;  member  of  pro- 
visional government,  349 

Beust,  Friedrich  Ferdinand,  .Baron 
von  (1809-1886),  Saxon  and  Austrian 
statesman  and  diplomat:  arranges 
the  dual  agreement  between  Austria 
and  Hungary,  17,  397;  relieved  of 
his  duties,  411;  reforms  of,  18,  415 

Beverley  Minster,  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land: built  (1220),  11,  141 

Beverly,  Robert  (1675-1716),  Ameri- 
can historian:  writings  of,  23,  143 

Beybars,  Sultan  of  Egypt,  1260-1277: 
reign  of,  1,  36 

Beylan,  Asiatic  Turkey:  battle  of 
(1832),  14,  434 

Beyrout,  Asiatic  Turkey:  bombarded 
(1840),  9,  419 

Beza,  Theodore  (ca.  1530),  Swiss 
scholar:  teaches  in  the  University 
of  Lausanne,  13,  448 

Beziers:  see  Baeterrae 

Bhakta-Mala,  Hindu  religious  book, 
compiled  ca.  1600:  description  of,  5, 
80 

Bhartpur  (Bhurtpore),  British  India: 
sieges  of  (1805),  5,  201;  (1827),  212 

Bhils,  natives  of  Central  British  India: 
description  of,  5,  28 

Bhilsa,  India:  plundered  by  Ala-ud- 
din,  5,  99 

Bhurtpore:  see  Bhartpur 

Bhutan  War,  between  England  and 
Himalayan  state  of  Bhutan,  ended 
by  treaty  (1865),  5,  247 

Biacnabate,  Treaty  of,  concluded  be- 
tween Spain  and  the  Philippines 
(1897),  20,  314 


Bianchi,  political  faction  which  arose 
in  Tuscany  about  1300:  rise  of,  4, 
212 

Bibaculus,  Marcus  Furius  (b.  103  B. 
C),  Latin  poet:  orations  of,  3,  319 

Biberach,  Wiirtemberg:  battle  of 
(1796),  9,  3d 

Bibikov,  Alexander  (ca.  1770),  Rus- 
sian general:  in  the  Pugatchev  in- 
surrection,  15,  168 

Bible,  The:  translated  into  English, 
II,  257;  translated  into  German,  13, 
453J  the  New  Testament  translated 
into  Slav,  17,  32;  translated  into 
Gothic,  18,  32;  translated  by  Luther, 
18,  244,  251;  accepted  as  law  in 
Salem  colony,  23,  89;  constitution 
of  New  Haven  colony,  92;  trans- 
lated into  Algonquin,  97,  143;  slav- 
ery contrary  to,  130;  supports  slav- 
ery, 24,  591;  its  place  among  Lin- 
coln's books,  665;  supplied  to  sol- 
diers by  Christian  Commission,  825 

Bibracte,  ancient  Gaul:  battle  of  (58 
B.  C),  13,  329 

Bibulus,  Lucius  Calpurnius  (d.  48  B. 
C),  a  Roman  politician:  given  com- 
mand of  army  in  the  East,  3,  325; 
executes  all  Caesarian  prisoners, 
344;  destroys  part  of  Caesar's  fleet, 

345 

Bicocca,  Italy:  battles  of  (1522),  4, 
301;   (1849),  359 

Bicoque,  France:  battle  of  (1522),  9, 
138 

Bidaossa,  Treaty  of:  see  Pyrenees, 
Peace  of  the 

Biedermann,  J.  C.  (ca.  1850),  a  Swiss 
theologian:  sketch  of,  13,  584 

Bielayev  (ca.  1812),  a  Russian  peas- 
ant: the  plan  of,  15,  244 

Bienville,  Celeron  de  (ca.  1750),  a 
French  officer  in  Canada:  sent  to  es- 
tablish French  claims,  23,  169 

Big  Bend  State:  see  Tennessee 

Big  Black  Bridge,  Mississippi:  con- 
federate defeat  at,  24,  777 

Big  Sunflower  River,  Mississippi:  in 
Vicksburg  campaign,  24,  776 

Bigod,  Hugh  (d.  1266),  English  justi- 
cian:  offends  barons,  11,  139 

Bigod,    Roger    (1 245-1306),    Earl    of 


GENERAL    INDEX 


101 


Norfolk:    leads   baronial   opposition 

to  Edward  I,  II,  149. 
Bikker,     Cornelius,     burgomaster     of 

Amsterdam  1650:  sketch  of,  13,  226 
Bikorski,     a     Russian     mayor,     1812: 

burns   the   bridge   over   the    Luzha, 

15,  244 
Bilbao,  Spain:  siege  of  (1835),  8,  497 
Bill  of  Rights:  added  to  Constitution 

(1789),  23,  338 
Billaud-Varennes,  Jean  Nicolas  (1756- 

1819),  a  French  revolutionist:  made 

member  of  the  committee  of  safety, 

9,  285;  leader  of  the  commune,  io, 

203;  attacks  Robespierre,  310;  trial 

of,  333 

Billault,  Auguste  Adolph  Marie  (1805- 
1863),  a  French  jurist  and  states- 
man: opposes  Guizot's  foreign  pol- 
icy, 9.  430;  death  of,  454 

"Billion   Dollar   Congress,"  The,   24, 

975 
Billy,  Silly:  see  William  IV,  King  of 

England 
Biloxx,   Louisiana:    French   claim,  23, 

168 
Biloxi    Indians,    a    North    American 

.tribe:  location,  23,  8 
Binger,  Louis  Gustave   (1856 ),  a 

French  officer  and  African  explorer: 

his  work  in  Africa,  19,  150 
Bingham,  Sir  Richard  (1528-1599),  an 

English  soldier:  cruelty  of,  12,  95 
Binothris:  see  Bainuter 
Biographical  Sketches: 

Aitchison,  Sir  Charles  Umpherston, 
5,  263 

Alcibiades,  2,  322 

Alexander  the  Great,  2,  483,  484 

Amherst,  William  Pitt,  5,  209 

Ashley,  Sir  Eden,  5,  263 

Auckland,  George  Eden,  Earl  of,  5, 

215 
Baring  Evelyn,  Earl  Cromer,  5,  260 
Barlow,  Sir  George  Hilaro,  5,  204 
Bayley,  Sir  Stewart  Colvin,  5,  262 
Bayley,  William  Butterworth,  5,  212 
Bentinck,  William  Cavendish,  5,  212 
Bernard,    Sir    Charles    Edward,    5, 

264 
Blood,  Bindon,  5,  279 
Bolivar,   Simon,  31,  58 
Buddha,    5,    56 


Caesar,  Caius  Julius,  3,  362 
Campbell,    Colin,    Baron    Clyde,    5, 

237 

Campbell,  Sir  George,  5,  252 

Canning,  Charles  John,  Earl  Can- 
ning, 5,  230 

Cleveland,  Grover,  24,  944 

Clive,  Robert,  5,  179 

Columbus,  Christopher,  23,  26 

Colvin,    Sir   Auckland,   5,   261 

Cortez,  Hernando,  22,  5 

Couper,  George  Ebenezer  Wilson, 
5,  263 

Curzon  of  Kedleston,  George  Na- 
thaniel Curzon,  Baron,  5,  279 

Dalhousie,  James  Andrew  Brown 
Ramsey,  Earl  of,  5,  222 

David  ben  Jesse,  1,  383 

Davis,  Robert  Henry,  5,  252 

Deane,  Sir  Harold  Arthur,  5,  286 

Demosthenes,  2,  465 

Denison,    Sir    William    Thomas,    5, 

245 
Duff,   Sir    Mountstuart   Elphinstone 

Grant,  5,  263 
Dufferin,   Frederick  Temple  Hamil- 

ton-Temple-Blackwood,     Marquis 

of,  5,  264 
Egerton,  Robert  Eyles,  5,  263 
Elgin,  James  Bruce,  Earl  of,  5,  244 
Elgin,      Victor      Alexander      Bruce, 

Earl  of,  5,  274 
Ellenborough,  Edward  Law,  Baron, 

5,  218 
Elles,  Sir  Edmond  Roche,  5,  279 
Ellis,  Sir  Barrow  Hilbert,  5,  251 
Elphinstone,  Mountstuart,  5,  205 
Elphinstone,  William  George  Keith, 

5,  218 
Esarhaddon,  1,  88 
Fergusson,  James,  5,  263 
Fitzgerald,  Sir  William  Robert  Sey- 
mour Vesey,  5,  252 
Gibbs,  James,  5,  262 
Grey,   Sir  William,  5,  252 
Hardinge,  Sir  Henry,  5,  219 
Harrison,  William  Henry,  24,  524 
Hastings,       Francis       Rawdon-Has- 

tings,  Marquis  of,  5,  206 
Hodson,    William    Stephen    Raikes, 

5,  238 
Hope,    Sir    Theodore    Cracraft,    5, 

262 


102 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Hudson,  Sir  John,  5,  258 
Hume,  Allan  Octavian,  5,  270 
Ilbert,  Sir  Courtenay  Peregrine,  5, 

262 
Iturbide,  Agustin  de,  22,  259 
Jackson,  Andrew,  23,  477 
Jang,  Sir  Salar,  5,  235 
Juarez,  Benito  Pablo,  22,  404 
Kitchener,    Horatio    Herbert,    Vis- 
count Kitchener,  5,  305 
Laing,  Samuel,  5,  244 
Lansdowne,    Henry    Charles    Keith 

Petty-Fitzmaurice,  Marquis  of,  5, 

268 
Lawrence,  Sir  Henry  Montgomery, 

5,  221 
Lawrence,  Sir  John  Laird  Mair,  5, 

222 
Lawrence,  Sir  Walter  Roper,  5,  277 
Lincoln,  Abraham,  24,  665 
Lyall,  Sir  Alfred  Comyn,  5,  263 
Lyall,  Sir  James  Broadwood,  5,  264 
Lytton,     Edward     Robert     Bulwer, 

Earl  of,  5,  254 
Macnaghten,    Sir   William    Hay,    5, 

218 
Macpherson,  John,  5,  195 
Maine,    Henry    James    Sumner,    5, 

245 
Malcolm,  John,  5,  206 
Massey,   William   Nathaniel,   5,   247 
Mayo,    Richard    Southwell    Bourke, 

Earl  of,  5,  248 
Menes,  1,  14,  15 
Metcalfe,     Charles     Theophilus,     5, 

205 
Minto,       Gilbert       John       Murray 

Kynynmound    Elliot,    Earl    of,    5, 

309 
Mohammed,  1,  206,  241 
Montgomery,  Robert,  5,  222 
Morris,  Sir  John  Henry,  5,  252 
Muir,  Sir  William,  5,  252 
Napier,  Sir  Charles  James,  5,  219 
Napier,    Francis,    Baron    Ettrick   of 

Ettrick,  5,  252 
Nicholson,  John,  5,  235 
Norman,  Sir  Henry  Wylie,  5,  251 
Northbrook,   Thomas    George    Bar- 
ing, Baron,  5,  253 
O'Shaughnessy,  William  Brooke,  5, 

225 


Palmer,    Sir    Arthur    Power,    5,   279 

Phayre,  Sir  Arthur  Purves,  5,  243 

Ramses  II,  I,  26,  27 

Ramses  III,  1,  28,  29 

Ranjit  Singh,  5,  220 

Ridgeway,  Sir  Joseph  West,  5,  265 

Ripon,     George     Frederick    Samuel 

Robinson,  Earl  of,  5,  258 
Roberts,      Frederick     Sleigh,     Earl 
Roberts    of    Kandahar,    Pretoria, 
and  Waterford,  5,  257 
Robespierre,  10,  218,  219 
Rocafuerte,  Vicente,  21,  108 
Rose,  Sir  Hugh  Henry,  5,  238 
Saint  Patrick,   12,  27 
Sandenan,    Sir    Robert    Groves,    5, 

266 
Sargon,  1,  84 
Saul  ben  Kish,  1,  381,  384 
Sennacherib,  1,  87 
Shalmeneser  II,  1,  80,  81 
Smith,  Harry,  5,  221 
Smith,  Thomas,  5,  158 
Solomon,  1,  386 

Stephen,  James  Fitzjames,  5,  251 
Stokes,  Whitley,  5,  262 
Strachey,  Richard,  5,  246 
Sulla,  Lucius  Cornelius,  3,  241 
Taylor,  Zachary,  24,  592 
Temple,  Richard,  Baron  Temple,  5, 

251 
Thompson,  Sir  Augustus  Rivers,  5, 

262 
Tiglaht-Pileser  III,  1,  82 
Trevelyan,  Charles  Edward,  5,  247 
Van  Buren,  Martin,  23,  511 
Wedderburn,  Sir  William,  5,  270 
White,  Sir  George  Stuart,  5,  278 
Wilson,  Henry  Joseph,  5,  275 
Wilson,  James,  5,  243 
Wood,  Sir  Charles,  5,  225 

Birchlegs  (Birke-benerne),  a  faction 
in  Scandinavia  12th  century:  the 
party  of  the,  16,  98 

Bird,  George  Corrie,  an  English  gen- 
eral in  India  (ca.  1895) :  his  cam- 
paign  against    the    Waziris,    5,    278 

Birger,  King  of  Sweden,  1284-1321: 
reign  of,  16,   106 

Birger  Brosa,  Jarl  of  the  Swedes  and 
the  Goths  (ca.  1250) :  career  of,  16, 
103 


GENERAL    INDEX 


103 


Birke-benerne:  see  Birchlegs 

Birmingham  Political  Union:  demands 
Parliamentary  reform,  n,  586 

Birney,  James  Gillespie  (1792-1857), 
an  American  politician:  nominated 
for  President,  24,  559,  580 

Biron,  Armand  Louis,  Duke  of  (1747- 
I793)»  a  marshal  of  France:  ordered 
to  advance  upon  Mons,  10,  173;  re- 
treat of,  173;  death  of,  9,  287 

Biron,  Charles  de  Gontaut,  Due  de 
(1562-1602),  an  admiral  and  marshal 
of  France:  leader  of  discontented 
nobles,  9,  172;  death  of,  173 

Biron,  Ernst  Johan  von  (1690-1772), 
Duke  of  Courland,  favorite  of  Em- 
press Anne  of  Russia:  presented  to 
Anne,  15,  104;  sketch  of,  107;  made 
Duke  of  Courland,  120;  interferes 
in  Turkish  negotiations,  123;  regent 
of  Russia,  126;  fall  of,  127;  recall 
of,  153 

Biron,  Hedwig-Elizabeth  (ca.  1725): 
her  account   of  her   father's  arrest, 

15,  127 

Biron,  Peter,  Duke  of  Courland,  ca. 
1770:  rule  of,  15,  192 

Birs,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1445),  13, 
402 

Biscoe,  an  English  explorer  and  dis- 
coverer of  Enderby  Land,  and  of 
Adelaide     Island:     explorations    of, 

16,  334 

Bishops'  War,  a  war  waged  by  Charles 
I  against  Scotland  (1638):  account 
of,  11,  336;  results,  336 

Bismarck,  Count  Herbert  (1849-1904), 
a  Prussian  diplomat,  son  of  Prince 
Otto  Bismarck:  his  negotiations 
with  England,  19,  98;  his  mission 
to  London,  103 

Bismarck  Archipelago,  Pacific  Ocean: 
annexed  to  Germany,  20,  302 

Bismarcksburg,  Africa:  founded 
(1885),  19,   180 

Bismarck-Schoenhausen,  Otto  Ed- 
uard  Leopold,  Prince  von,  a  Prus- 
sian statesman,  called  The  Iron 
Chancellor:  born  on  the  estate  of 
Schoenhausen,  near  Stendal,  in 
Prussian  Saxony,  April  1,  1815;  was 
educated  at  the  boarding-school  of 
Herr  Plamann  in  Berlin,  a  gymna- 


sium where  he  was  under  the  in- 
fluence of  Dr.  Prevost  and  Dr.  Bon- 
nell,  and  at  the  Universities  of  Got- 
tingen  and  Berlin;  after  passing  the 
necessary  examination  for  the  prac- 
tice of  law,  he  retired  to  his  estates; 
was  a  member  of  the  Prussian 
House  of  Burgesses,  1847-185 1;  ap- 
pointed a  representative  to  the  Ger- 
manic Diet  at  Frankfort,  1851;  made 
ambassador  to  Russia,  1859;  am- 
bassador to  France,  1862;  given  the 
portfolio  of  foreign  affairs  and  made 
president  of  the  cabinet,  1862;  was 
the  leading  spirit  in  the  Slesvig- 
Holstein  controversy,  1864-1866;  be- 
came chancellor  of  the  North  Ger- 
man Confederation,  1867;  made 
chancellor  of  the  empire  and  given 
the  rank  of  prince,  1871;  favored  the 
National  Liberty  Party,  1871-1878; 
after  1878,  inaugurated  many  eco- 
nomic reforms;  resigned,  March  18, 
1890;  died,  July  30,  1898 

Growth  of  the  influence  of,  13, 
308;  his  attitude  toward  the  Eastern 
question,  14,  487;  in  the  Slesvig- 
Holstein  controversy,  16,  274;  abil- 
ity of,  17,  390;  at  the  battle  of 
Sadowa,  392;  at  the  head  of  the 
Prussian  government,  18,  407;  pol- 
icy of,  408  note;  guides  Prussian 
policy,  412;  becomes  chancellor, 
413;  in  the  negotiations  with  France, 
417;  his  estimate  of  Portugal  as  a 
colonial  power,  19,  78;  influenced  by 
German  African  traders,  79;  rules 
German  empire,  87;  determines  to 
create  a  colonial  empire,  93;  nego- 
tiates with  the  British  Foreign  Of- 
fice, 95,  103;  his  Franco- African  pol- 
icy, no;  his  attitude  in  regard  to 
the  Cameroons,  112;  his  schemes  for 
East  Africa,  131 

Bissell,  Wilson  Shannon  (1847-1903), 
American  statesman:  Postmaster- 
General  (1893),  24,  993  note 

Bitchu-no-Kami :  see  Hotta  Masaatsu 

Bithynia,  Province  of,  Asia  Minor: 
founded,  3,  275 

Bituriges,  a  Gallic  tribe:  Caesar's  cam- 
paign against,  3,  308 

Bixio    (ca.    i860),    one    of    Garibaldi's 


104 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


officers:  joins  Garibaldi  in  Sicilian 
campaign,  4,  378 

Bjarne  (ca.  1000),  an  Icelander  who 
explored  Greenland:  voyage  of,  16, 
48 

Bjelke,  Count  (ca.  1792),  a  Swedish 
conspirator:  plots  to  assassinate 
Gustavus,  16,  249  , 

Bjelke,  Gunilla  (ca.  1585),  daughter  of 
Johan  Bjelke,  a  Swedish  councillor: 
marriage  of,  16,  165 

Bjelke,  Thur  (ca.  1590),  a  Swedish 
councillor:  punishment  of,  16,  166 

Bjelkov  (nineteenth  century),  an  ivory 
hunter  in  Polar  regions:  explora- 
tions of,  16,  306 

Bjorling  (ca.  1890),  a  Swedish  natural- 
ist and  explorer  in  the  Polar  re- 
gions: explorations  of,  16,  324 

Bjorn  I  (Jernside)  (d.  804  A.  D.), 
King  of  Sweden:  the  legend  of,  16, 
20 

Bjorn  II,  King  of  Sweden,  9th  cen- 
tury: his  appeal  for  missionaries, 
16,  26;  mentioned  by  Anscarius,  58 

Bjornson,  Bjornstjerne  (1832 ),  a 

Norwegian  poet  and  dramatist: 
fights  for  Norway's  independence, 
16,  287 

Blacas,  Count  of,  a  French  courtier 
1814:  made  minister  of  the  king's 
household,  9,  356 

Black,  Jeremiah  Sullivan  (1810-1883), 
an  American  jurist  and  statesman: 
advises  Buchanan  concerning  garri- 
soning of  Southern  forts,  24,  696 

Black  Bartholomew's  Day:  see  St. 
Bartholomew,  Massacre  of 

Black  Charles:  see  Napier,  Sir  Charles 

Black  Death:  in  England  (1348),  11, 
163;  (1361),  169;  in  Greenland,  16, 
48;  in  Norway  and  Sweden,  108 

Black  Dick:  see  Howe,  Richard,  Earl 

Black  Douglas,  The:  see  Douglas 

Black  Eagle,  The:  see  Logan,  John  A. 

Black  Eagle,  Insurrection  of,  an  up- 
rising in  Cuba  (1830),  22,  451 

Black  Hawk  War,  a  rebellion  of  the 
Sac  and  Fox  Indians  led  by  Black 
Hawk   (1833),  23,   506 

Black  Hole  of  Calcutta,  a  garrison 
strong-room  in  Calcutta  18  ft. 
square  into  which  146  British  pris- 


oners were  thrust   (1756):  story  of, 

5,  182 

Black  King,  The:  see  Henry  III,  Holy 
Roman  Emperor 

Black  Prince:  see  Edward,  Prince  of 
England 

Black  Rock,  Ireland:  taken  by  the 
British  (1814),  30,  154 

"Black  Warrior"  Affair,  the  seizure 
of  the  "  Black  Warrior,"  an  Ameri- 
can merchant  vessel  by  the  Spanish 
(1854),  24,  642 

Blackadder,  Robert,  Bishop  of  St.  An- 
drews:  consecrated    (1492),   12,   300 

Blackstone,  Sir  William  (1 723-1 780), 
an  English  jurist:  his  writings 
source  of  American  Constitution, 
23,  330 

Blackwater,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1598), 
«,  303 

Blacons,  Marquis  des,  deputy  of  Dau- 
phine  1789:  pronounces  renunciation 
of  privileges  of  Dauphine,  10,  75 

Bladensburg,  Maryland:  American 
rout  at,  23,  426 

Blagovestchensh,  Russia:  massacre  at, 

6,  309,  311;  bombarded,  7,  284 
Blaine,  James  Gillespie,  an  American 

statesman:  born  in  West  Brown- 
ville,  Penna.,  January  31,  1830;  grad- 
uated at  Washington  College,  1847; 
member  of  the  House  of  Represent- 
atives, 1862-1876;  Speaker,  1869- 
1875;  accused  of  receiving  bribes 
from  railroads,  1876;  United  States 
Senator,  1876-1881;  Secretary  of 
State,  March  4-December  19,  1881 
and  1889-1892;  candidate  for  Presi- 
dent, 1884;  published  "Twenty 
Years  of  Congress,"  1884-1886;  died 
January  27,  1893 

Denounces  Republican  attitude 
toward  negro  suffrage,  24,  858; 
member  of  Congress  (1869),  862; 
quoted  on  removal  of  Sumner,  880; 
nominated  for  President  (1876), 
906;  (1880),  926;  (1884),  942,  943, 
947;  (1892),  989;  opposed  to  Hayes, 
915;  elected  senator,  916;  quoted  on 
Lamar's  tribute  to  Sumner,  917; 
compared  with  Conkling,  926;  in 
Garfield's  cabinet,  932;  his  eulogy 
on  Garfield,  934;  succeeded  by  Fre- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


105 


linghuysen,    936;    declines    nomina- 
tion (1888),  965;  Speaker  of  House, 
969;  in  Mafia  dispute,  976;  in  Chilian 
dispute,     978;     effort     to     abrogate 
Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty,  1058 
Blair,  Francis  Preston  (1821-1875),  an 
American  politician:  opposes  Eman- 
cipation     Proclamation,     24,     767; 
leader    of   Missouri    Unionists,   721; 
in  Hampton  Roads  Conference,  809; 
nominated  Vice  President,  860 
Blair,   James    (1656-1743),   an   Ameri- 
*    can  clergyman  and  educator:  estab- 
lishes College  of  William  and  Mary, 

23,  141 

Blair,  Montgomery  (1813-1883),  an 
American  politician  and  lawgiver: 
appointed  Postmaster-general,  24, 
708 

Blake,  Joseph  (ca.  1687),  nephew  of 
Admiral  Robert  Blake:  governor  of 
South  Carolina,  23,  77 

Blake,  Robert,  an  English  naval  offi- 
cer: born  at  Bridgewater,  Somerset- 
shire, England,  August,  1598  or 
1599;  elected  to  Parliament,  1640; 
in  the  civil  war,  he  joined  the  par- 
liamentary forces  and  won  distinc- 
tion by  his  defense  of  Taunton, 
1644-1645;  appointed  "general  of 
the  sea,"  1649;  made  warden  of 
the  Cinque  ports,  1651;  became 
chief  admiral,  1652;  served  in  the 
war  with  the  Dutch,  1652-1653; 
commanded  in  the  Mediterranean, 
1654-1666;  destroyed  the  Spanish 
plate-fleet  at  Vera  Cruz,  1667;  died 
at  sea  near  Plymouth,  England, 
August  17,  1657 

Commands  fleet  against  the 
Dutch,  11,  365;  commands  expedi- 
tion against  Tunis  and  Algiers,  370; 
at  the  battle  of  Dover,  13,  229;  in 
the  war  with  the  Dutch,  230;  death 
of,  11,  371 

Blakeney,  William  (1 672-1 761),  a  Brit- 
ish military  commander:  defends 
St.  Philip,  9,  244 

Blanc,  Jean  Joseph  Charles  Louis 
(1811-1882),  a  French  politician, 
political  writer  and  socialist:  leads 
revolt,  9,  437 

Blanca,    Florida:   see    Florida-Blanca 


Blanche,  Queen  of  Navarre,  ca.  1400: 
regent  for  Jeanne,  8,  207;  reign  of, 
212;  made  regent  of  Sicily,  259; 
marries  Juan  II  of  Aragon,  261;  ac- 
cession to  throne  of  Navarre,  263 

Blanche  de  Bourbon  (ca.  1350) :  mar- 
ries Pedro  the  Cruel,  8,  161;  im- 
prisonment of,  163;  death  of,  165 

Blanche  of  Castile  (1 187-1252):  made 
regent  for  Louis  IX  of  France,  9, 
80;   death  of,  82 

Blanche  of  Navarre  (ca.  1350) :  mar- 
ries Philip  VI  of  France,  9,  95 

Blancmenil,  Nicholas  Potier  de  No- 
vion  de  (1618-1693),  a  French  mag- 
istrate and  artisan  of  the  Fronde: 
arrested,  9,  201 

Blanco,  Antonio  Guzman  (1828-1899), 
Venezuelan  soldier  and  statesman: 
candidate  for  president  of  Vene- 
zuela, 21,  96;  made  vice-president 
of  Venezuela,  98;  his  mission  to 
Europe,  100;  opens  the  Congress  of 
1866,  102;  leads  insurrection,  103; 
presidency  of,  104;  his  administra- 
tion and  power  in  Venezuela,  245; 
demands  that  British  evacuate  dis- 
puted territory,  263 

Blanco  y  Arenas,  Ramon  (1832-1906), 
Spanish  general:  sent  to  Cuba,  22, 
458 

Bland,  Richard  P.  (1835-1899),  Amer- 
ican legislator:  candidate  for  Presi- 
dential nomination,  24,  1014 

Bland-Allison  Law,  passed  1878  re- 
monetizing  the  silver  dollar:  passed, 
24,  922;  repealed,  974 

Blanka,  Queen  of  Sweden  and  Nor- 
way, ca.  1330:  sketch  of,  16,  107; 
death  of,  117 

Blanketeers,  March  of  the  (1816), 
body  of  half-starved  Manchester 
operatives  who  walked  to  London 
to  petition  for  legislative  remedy 
against    capitalistic    oppression,    11, 

Blanqui,  Louis  Auguste  (1805-1881), 
French  socialist  and  political  agi- 
tator: leader  of  the  Society  of  the 
Seasons,  9,  417;  opposes  the  pro- 
visional government,  436 

Blantyre,  Africa:  description  of,  19, 
242 


106 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Bleda  (d.  445  A.  D.),  brother  of  At- 

tila:  death  of,  18,  40 
Bleneau,  France:  battle  of  (1653),  9, 

204 
Blenheim,  Bavaria:  battle  of  (1704),  9, 

22T,  11,  455,  13,  250,  18,  313 
Blennerhassett,    Harman    (1765-1831), 

an  Englishman  of  Irish  descent:  in 

Burr's  conspiracy,  23,  404 
Blind  General,  The:  see  Zisca,  John  of 
Blockades: 

B.  C. 

670.     Tyre,  I,  90 

ca.  645.     Eira,  2,  75 

454.     Aegina,  2,  245 

ca.  445.     Samos,  2,  260 

435.     Epidamnus,  2,  265 

433.     Potidaea,  2,  269,  271,  284 

429.     Plata  ea,  2,  288,  297 

428.     Mitylene,  2,  291,  293 

425.     Pylos,  2,  301,  302 

425.     Sphacteria,  2,  305,  306,  307 

406.     Mitylene,  2,  371,  372 

404.     Peiraeus,  2,  277 

ca.  254.     Lilybaeum,  3,  103 

ca.  214.     Syracuse,   3,   124 

ca.  147.     Carthage,  3,  165 

83.     Capua,  3,  226 

52.     Alesia,  3,  307 

A.  D. 

ca.   1509.     Ormuz,  8,  329 

1590.     Paris,  9,  167 

1705.  Gibraltar,  8,  394 

1706.  The   capital   of   Catalonia,   8, 
396 

1713.     The   capital   of   Catalonia,   8, 
402 

1743.  Prague,  9,  238 

1744.  Toulon,  9,  238 
1757.     Pirna,  9,  245 

1793-     All  French  ports,  IO,  271 

1794.     Landrecies,  9,  289 

1794.     Luxemburg  and  Mayence,  9, 

290 
1796.     Mantua,  9,  299,  300 
1798.     Malta,  20,  253 
1 8oi.     Tripoli,  23,  393 
1804.     Brest  and  Ferrol,  9,  324 
1804-1807.     Buenos  Ayres,  21,  57 
1804-1807.     Montevideo,  21,  57 
1806-1807.     Orders    in    Council,    11, 

560,  10,  473,  23,  407 
1806.     Berlin    Decree,    9,    329,    10, 


473,  11,  560,  13,  269,  18,  378,  23, 

407 
1807.     Milan  Decree,  8,  485,  10,  473, 

11,  560,  13,  269,  18,  378,  23,  407 
1829.     Shumla,  15,  286 
1838.     Buenos  Ayres,  21,  125 
1838.     Vera  Cruz,  22,  274 

1841.  Canton,  6,  134 

1842.  Montevideo,  21,  139 
1845.     Buenos  Ayres,  21,  126 
1858.     Ports  of  Ecuador,  21,  no 
1861.     Southern  ports  of  the  United 

States,  11,  622,  24,  723 
1865.     Coquimbo,  21,  221 
1865.     Herradura,  21,  221 
1865.     Tome,  21,  221 
1865.     Talcahuano,  21,  221 
1865.     Caldera,  21,  221,  222 
1865.     Valparaiso,  21,  221,  222,  224 
1879.     Iquique,  2.1,  235 
1898.     Santiago,  22,  459 
1898.     Cienfuegos,  24,   1027 
1898.     North    coast    of    Cuba,    24, 

1027 
1902.     La  Guayra,  21,  246 
1904.     Port  Arthur,  7,  307 

Bloemfontein,  Orange  Free  State: 
founded,  20,  226;  occupied  by  the 
British  (1900),  233 

Blois,  Charles  de  (d.  1364),  Duke  of 
Brittany:  presides  over  thv.  Estates 
(1356),  9,  99;  death  of,  103 

Blois,  Treaty  of,  concluded  between 
Louis  XII  of  France  and  Charles 
of  Austria  (1504).  9>  133 

Blood,    Bindon    (1842 ),    English 

soldier:  sketch  of,  5,  279 

Blood,  Council  of:  see  Troubles, 
Council  of 

Blood  Bath,  The  (1520),  in  Scandi- 
navia, 16,  150 

Blood  Revenge:  among  the  Indians, 

33,  13 

Blood-Wedding,  The:  see  St.  Barthol- 
omew, Massacre  of 

Bloody  Assizes,  The  (1685),  popular 
name  for  trials  for  participation  in 
Monmouth's  rising,  II,  423 

Blount,  James  H.  (1836-1903),  Ameri- 
can politician:  special  commissioner 
to  Hawaii,  24,  998 

Blucher,  Gebhard  Leberecht  von, 
(1742-1819),  famous   Prussian  field- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


107 


marshal:  his  campaigns  against  Na- 
poleon, 9,  346,  13,  287,-  15,  262,  18, 
372,  383,  384,  387;  his  campaign  in 
Belgium,  9,  362;  at  the  battle  of 
Waterloo,  10,  501,  17,  314 
Bludov,    Count    (ca.    i77S)»    Russian 

noble:  quoted,  15,  182 
Blue  Hen  State,  The:  see   Delaware 
Blue   Hills   State:   see  Massachusetts 
Blue  Laws  of  Connecticut,  passed  for 
the  strict  regulation  of  the  morals 
of  the  people,  23,   154 
Blue   Lodges,   pledged   to   counteract 
the    efforts    of   the   abolitionists    in 
Kansas,  24,  648 
Blue    Ridge:    in    Shenandoah    valley, 

24.  793 
Bluestring,   Robin:   see   Walpole,   Sir 

Robert 

Blum,  Robert  (1807-1848),  German 
political  agitator  and  writer:  his 
mission  to  Austria,  17,  376;  death 
of,  18,  401 

Bluntschli,  Johann  Caspar  (1808- 
1881),  Swiss  political  economist  and 
statesman:  sketch  of,  13,  584 

Boabdil:  see  Abu  Abdalla  ben  Mulez 

Boadicea  (Voadica),  a  British  queen: 
after  the  death  of  her  husband, 
Prasutagus,  King  of  the  Iceni,  in 
60  A.  D.,  she  and  her  subjects  join- 
ed the  Trinolantes  in  a  revolt 
against  the  Romans;  she  was  defeat- 
ed in  62  A.  D.  by  Suetonius  Pau- 
linus,  and  then  killed  herself 

Leads    revolts    in    Britain,    4,   76, 
11,  10 

Board  of  Foreign  Office:  see  Tsungli 
Yamen 

Board  of  Punishments:  see  Hsing  Pu 

Board  of  Trade:  see  Lords  of  Trade 
and  Plantations 

Bobadilla,  Francisco  de  (d.  1502), 
Spanish  officer:  sends  Columbus  in 
chains   to   Spain,   21,   12;   death   of, 

13 
Bocayura,  Quintino  (ca.  1890),  Brazil- 
ian   Republican    editor:    leads    Re- 
publican party,  21,  252;  member  of 
provisional    government,   253 
Boccaccio    (Boccaccio    do    Certaldo), 
,    Giovanni,    an    Italian    novelist    and 
poet:   born   in    Paris,    1813;    was    a 


merchant  in  Naples,  1330-1336; 
studied  canon  law,  1336-1341;  was 
several  times  ambassador  for  the 
Florentine  state  and  lectured  at 
Florence  on  the  "  Divina  Comedia," 
(1373-1374);  died  December  21,  1375 
Sketch  of,  4,  28/. 

Boccanegra,  Simon  (1300-1363):  made 
the  first  doge  of  Genoa,  4,  243 

Bocchoris  (Bak-en-ran-ef),  King  of 
Egypt,  ca.  700  B.  C:  reign  of,  I, 
30 

Bocchus,  King  of  Mauretania,  ca.  no 
B.  C. :  joins  Rome  against  Jugur- 
tha,  3,  188 

Bockelson,  Johann:  see  John  of  Ley- 
den 

Bocskai,  Stephen  (d.  1606),  Transyl- 
vanian  noble:  leads  Transylvanians, 
17,  224 

Bodleian  Library,  a  library  of  Oxford 
university,  England:  nucleus  of,  11, 
238 

Bodmer,  Johann  (1698-1783),  Swiss 
critic  and  poet:  sketch  of,  13,  489  ' 

"Body  of  Liberties,"  to  limit  dis- 
cretionary power  of  executive: 
adopted  in  Salem,  23,  89;  recognizes 
witchcraft  as  capital  offense,  91 

Boece,  Hector  (1465-1536),  noted 
Scotch  historian:  sketch  of,  12,  309 

Boeotia,  Greece:  geography  of,  2,  12; 
settled,  47;  loses  Plataea,  in;  joins 
Cleomenes  against  Athens,  143;  sub- 
mits to  Xerxes,  195;  campaign 
against  the  Persians  in,  206;  surren- 
ders to  Mithradates,  3,  217;  conquer- 
ed by  Athens,  2,  245;  revolts  against 
Athens,  248;  joins  Sparta  in  Pelo- 
ponnesian  ar,  262;  invaded  by  the 
Athenians,  310;  invaded  by  Ly- 
sander,  398;  invaded  by  Agesilaus, 
400;  invaded  by  Phocians,  462;  in- 
vaded by  Philip  of  Macedon,  477 

Boeotian  League,  league  of  inde- 
pendent cities  in  Boeotia,  headed 
by  Thebes:  formed,  2,  13  note;  dis- 
solved, 419;  reconstructed,  437 

Boer  Wars:  I  (1880),  following  proc- 
lamation of  Transvaal  Republic,  be- 
tween that  country  and  Great  Brit- 
ain: causes,  13,  318,  20,  229;  princi- 
pal battles,   Laing's   Neck  and   Ma- 


108 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


juba  Hill,  20,  230;  peace  treaty, 
230;  results,  230;  II  (1899-1902), 
Transvaal  and  Orange  Free  State 
against  England:  causes,  IX,  640, 
13,  318,  20,  232;  principal  sieges, 
Mafeking,  Kimberly  and  Lady- 
smith,  (1899),  11,  641;  results,  11, 
641,  20,  233 

Boers,  South  African  inhabitants  of 
Dutch   descent:   history   of,   19,   275 

Boethius,  (475-524  A.  D.),  Roman 
philosopher:    death,    4,    158,    18,   48 

Bogbinder,  Hans  Metzenheim  (ca. 
1500),  Danish  merchant:  guardian 
of  Christian,  16,  147 

Bogdanovich,  Ippolit  Feodorovitch 
(1743-1803),  Russian  poet:  account 
of,  15,  192 

Boges,  Persian  governor,  468  B.  C: 
sketch  of,  2,  228 

Bogota,  Colombian  capital:  taken  by 
the  revolutionists,  21,  68;  descrip- 
tion of,  92;  Colombian  congress 
meets  at,  24,  1059 

Bohemia,  a  state  of  the  Austro-Hun- 
garian  monarchy:  offers  crown  to 
Ferdinand  I  of  Austria,  17,  3;  relics 
of  the  stone  age  found  in,  10;  first 
settlers  in,  18,  6;  occupied  by  the 
Boii,  17,  11;  occupied  by  the  Mar- 
comanni,  13;  settled  by  the  Czechs, 
18;  early  history,  29;  invaded  by  the 
Franks,  30;  becomes  tributary  to 
Germany  (880),  18,  96;  at  war  with 
Hungary,  17,  59;  under  the  Premy- 
slides,  62;  under  Podiebrad  and  the 
Jagellons,  142;  her  first  Hapsburg 
kings,  194;  overthrow  of,  204;  under 
Ferdinand  II  of  Germany  (1617), 
18,  268;  invaded  by  Frederick  II  of 
Prussia,  17,  241;  under  Maria 
Theresa,  251;  under  Joseph  II  of 
Austria,  274;  in  the  struggle  against 
the  French  revolution,  286;  under 
Leopold  II  and  Francis  II,  340; 
revolutionary  tendencies  in,  350; 
revolution  of  1848,  363;  opposes  the 
Austrian  constitution,  388;  under 
the  dual  system  of  government, 
401;   present  political  status  in,  453 

Bohemian  Brethren,  Union  of,  a  re- 
ligious sect  in  Bohemia  (i5th-i7th 
century):  rise  of,  17,  145;  persecut- 


ed, 197;  publish  a  translation  of  the 
Bible,  198;  proscribed,  208;  reap- 
pears in  Bohemia,  266 

Bohmisch-Skalitz:   see  Skalitz 

Bohun,  Humfrey,.  Earl  of  Hereford 
(d.  1298) :  leads  baronial  opposition 
to  Edward  I,  11,  149 

Boies,   Horace    (1827 ),   American 

lawyer  and  politician:  candidate  for 
Presidential  nomination  (1896),  24, 
1014 

Boii,  a  Celtic  people  living  in  Cisal- 
pine Gaul:  join  Helvetian  migra- 
tion, 3,  301;  occupy  Bohemia,  17, 
11;  defeated  by  the  Scordisci,  12; 
location  of,  18,  6 

Boileau  (1613-1711),  French  critic 
and  poet:  death  of,  10,  279 

Boileau  (Boisseleau),  Captain  (ca. 
1690),  French  captain:  at  siege  of 
Limerick,  12,  146 

Boiorix,  King  of  the  Cimbri,  1st  cen- 
tury B.  C. :  leads  invasion  of  Italy, 

3,  193 

Bois,  Peter  du  (ca.  1380),  a  popular 
leader  in  Ghent:  leads  insurrection 
in  Ghent,  13,  34 

Bois-le-duc,  Netherlands:  battle  of 
(1567),  13,  101;  siege  of  (1601),  176 

Boisot,  Louis  (d.  1576),  a  Dutch  ad- 
miral: at  battle  of  Bergen-op-Zoom, 
13,  116 

Boisrond-Canal,  President  of  Hayti 
1876-1880:  elected  ruler  of  Hayti, 
22,  501 

Boissy  d'Anglas,  Count  Frangois  An- 
toine  de  (1756-1826),  a  French 
statesman  and  publicist:  leads  con- 
stitutional party,  9,  358;  his  coura- 
geous conduct  in  the  assembly,  be- 
fore the  insurgents,  10,  337 

Bokelszoon,  John  (ca.  1530),  a  tailor 
of  Leyden,  and  an  Anabaptist 
preacher:  teachings  of,  13,  57 

Boleslav  I,  Prince  of  Bohemia,  928- 
967:  reign  of,  17,  63 

Boleslav  II,  Prince  of  Bohemia,  967- 
999:  reign  of,  17,  63 

Boleslav  (I)  the  Brave,  King  of  Po- 
land, 999-1025:  reign  of,  15,  374; 
marriage  of,  17,  46;  his  relations 
with  St.  Adalbert,  63;  secures  inde- 
pendence  for   his   country,   18,    120; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


109 


his  wars  With  Henry  U,  121;  death 
of,  125 

Boleslav  (II)  the  Rash,  King  of  Po- 
land,   1058-1082:    reign   of,    15,    375 

Boleslav  (III)  "the  Wry-mouthed," 
King  of  Poland,  1102-1139:  reign 
of,  15,  375 

Boleyn  (Bullen),  Anne,  Queen  of 
England:  born  in  1507;  educated  at 
the  French  court  and  became  about 
1525  one  of  the  maids  of  honor  to 
the  English  queen,  Catharine  of 
Aragon;  became  the  second  wife  of 
Henry  VIII  of  England  on  or  about 
January  25,  1533;  was  condemned  to 
death  on  a  charge  of  adultery  and 
beheaded,  May  19,  1536 

Influence  over  Henry,  11,  246; 
marries  Henry  VIII  of  England, 
250;  death  of,  256 

Bolingbroke,  Viscount:  see  St.  John, 
Henry 

Bolivar  (Bolivar  y  Ponte),  Simon, 
surnamed  the  Liberator,  a  South 
American  general  and  patriot:  born 
at  Caracas,  July  25,  1783;  studied 
in  Madrid;  joined  the  revolt  of  1810 
and  served  in  several  battles;  ap- 
pointed dictator,  1813;  defeated  and 
driven  out  of  Venezuela,  1814,  but 
rallied  near  the  end  of  1816  and 
gained  several  victories  over  the 
Spanish  in  1817:  elected  president  of 
Colombia,  1819;  liberated  Peru, 
1822;  became  dictator  of  Peru,  1823; 
president  of  Bolivia,  1825;  died  in 
San  Pedro  near  Santa  Martha,  De- 
cember 17,  1830 

Takes  an  oath  to  deliver  South 
America  from  Spain,  31,  52;  sketch 
of,  58;  made  captain  general  of  New 
Granada  and  Venezuela,  64;  made 
general-in-chief,  67;  made  dictator 
in  Colombia,  77;  estimate  of,  78; 
and  Bolivia,  181;  death  of,  84; 
South  American  patriot,  23,  468 

Bolivia  (Upper  Peru):  rebels  against 
Spanish  authority,  21,  58;  over- 
throws Sucre,  82;  creation  of,  121; 
from  1825  to  1876,  181;  at  war  with 
Chili,  234;  from  1876  to  1906,  243 

Bolivia-Brazil  Boundary  Dispute 
(1903),  21,  265 


Bolivian  Code,  a  constitution  drawn 
up  by  Bolivar  for  Bolivia  in  1825, 
21,  184 

Bologna,  Italy:  internal  strife,  4,  211 

Bologna,  University  of:  founding  and 
growth  of,  11,  116 

Bolts,  William  (ca.  1775),  an  English- 
man in  British  East  Indian  Com- 
pany: his  expedition  to  Africa,  19, 
40 

Bomarsund,    Russia:   siege   of   (1854), 

15,  309 

Bomba,  King:  see  Ferdinand  II,  King 
of  Naples  and  Sicily 

Bombay,  Africa:  founded,  19,  51 

Bombay,  India:  ceded  to  England,  5, 
164,  11,  384 

Bomberg  (ca.  1566),  a  Belgian  officer: 
at  battle  of  Bois-le-duc,  13,  101 

Bomelins  (ca.  1725),  a  Dutch  physi- 
cian: death  of,  15,  85 

Bompart,  Admiral,  commander  of 
French  expedition  to  Ireland  1798: 
leads  French  expedition  to  Ireland, 
12,  214 

Bonaparte,  Charles  Louis  Napoleon: 
see  Napoleon  III,  Emperor  of  the 
French 

Bonaparte,  Eliza  (Marie  Anna)  (1777- 
1820),  a  sister  of  Napoleon  I:  given 
Tuscany,  4,  348 

Bonaparte,  Jerome  (1784-1860),  a 
brother  of  Napoleon  I:  sketch  of, 
18,  374;  receives  Westphalia,  10, 
471;  driven  from  his  capital,  479; 
his  campaign  against  Russia,  15, 
220;    leaves    Westphalia,     18,    386 

Bonaparte,  Joseph  (1768-1844),  the 
eldest  brother  of  Napoleon  I:  ne- 
gotiates Peace  of  Luneville,  17,  285, 
18,  364;  made  constable  of  the  em- 
pire, 9,  322;  declared  King  of  the 
Two  Sicilies,  10,  467;  made  King  of 
Naples,  4,  348,  8,  486,  9,  327,  18, 
371;  appointed  King  of  Spain,  4, 
348,  8,  528,  9,  333,  10,  475,  16,  257. 
18,  375.  22,  230;  given  command  of 
Paris,  9,  345 

Bonaparte,  Louis  (1778-1846),  a  broth- 
er of  Napoleon  I:  made  grand 
elector,  9,  322;  made  King  of  Hol- 
land, 4,  348,  9,  327,  10,  467,  13,  267, 
18,  371 


110 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Bonaparte,  Lucien  (1775-1840),  a 
brother  of  Napoleon  I:  attempts  to 
defend  Napoleon  before  the  coun- 
cil of  five  hundred,  9,  310;  resigns 
his  insignias  of  office,  io,  415 

Bonaparte,  Napoleon:  see  Napoleon 
(I)  Bonaparte 

Bonaparte,  Pierre  Napoleon,  Prince, 
(1815-1881),  a  son  of  Lucien  Bona- 
parte: kills  Victor  Noir,  9,  460 

Bonaparte,  The  Monogolian:  see  Ti- 
mur  the  Lame 

Bonchamp,  Charles  Melchior  Artus, 
Marquis  (1 760-1 793),  a  French  gen- 
eral, leader  of  the  Vendeans;  sup- 
ports insurrection  in  the  Vendee,  9, 

293 

Bond,  Oliver  (ca.  1790),  a  Dublin 
merchant:  member  of  the  United 
Irishmen,  12,  201;  arrest  of,  209 

Bond,  Sir  Robert  (1857 ),  English 

politician:  ministry  of,  20,  178 

Bondar,  a  Swedish  line  of  kings  (1160- 
1250) :  line  of  the,  16,  102 

"  Bonhomme  Richard,"  a  vessel  un- 
der command  of  John  Paul  Jones: 
fight  with  the  "  Serapis,"  23,  528 

Boniface  VIII  (1228-1303),  Pope, 
1294-1303:  attempts  to  arrange  re- 
lations between  Jayme  II  of  Ara- 
gon  and  Charles  of  Anjou,  8,  247; 
reconciles  Edward  I  of  England 
and  Philip  the  Fair  of  France,  9,  87; 
issues  the  "  Clericis  laicos,"  II,  149; 
his  relations  with  Denmark,  16, 
112;  favors  claims  of  Charles  Rob- 
ert of  Anjou  to  Hungarian  throne, 
17,  151;  death  of,  9,  88 

Boniface  (Bonifacius)  IX  (d.  1404), 
Pope,  1389-1404:  foments  rebellion 
in  Sicily,  8,  259;  his  struggle  with 
Benedict  XIII,  9,  109;  proclaims 
crusade  against  Turks,  14,  39;  de- 
poses Wenzel,  18,  198 

Boniface  (1245-1263),  Count  of  Savoy: 
reign  of,  4,  273 

Boniface,  Saint  (original  name  was 
Winfrid  or  Winfrith),  called  the 
Apostle  of  Germany,  an  English 
missionary:  born  in  Kirton,  near 
Exeter,  England  (680  A.  D.);  began 
preaching  in   Germany,  716  A.   D., 


made  a  bishop  by  Pope  Gregory 
II,  723  A.  D.,  and  archbishop  and 
primate  of  all  Germany  by  Pope 
Gregory  III,  732  A.  D.;  made  Arch- 
bishop of  Mainz,  745  A.  D.;  assas- 
sinated at  Dokkum  in  West  Fries- 
land,  June  5,  755  A.  D. 

His  mission  to  the   Friscons,  13, 
15;  career  of,  18,  72 

Boniface,  Raymond  (ca.  1245),  a 
Spanish  admiral:  at  the  siege  of 
Seville  (1247),  8,  106 

Boniface  of  Savoy  (d.  1270),  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  (1241):  char- 
acter of,  II,   137 

Bonifacio,  Andres,  a  rebel  leader  of 
the  Philippines:  leads  uprising 
(1896),  20,  314 

Bonifacius  (Boniface),  Count  (d.  432 
A.  D.) :  supports  the  government  of 
Placidia,   4,    147 

Bonne  of  Savoy  (ca.  1470),  mother  of 
Duke  of  Milan:  regency  of,  4,  265 

Bonnie  Blue  Flag,  The,  the  Confeder- 
ate hymn:  sung  for  the  first  time, 
24,  688 

Bonnier,  Colonel  (ca.  1893),  com- 
mander of  French  troops:  occupies 
Timbuktu,  19,  152 

Bonnivet,  Guillaume  Gouffier  de 
(1488-1525),  a  French  general:  cam- 
paigns in  Italy,  4,  302,  9,  139;  in 
Spain,  8,  349 

Bonpland,  Aime  (1773-1858),  a  French 
naturalist  and  traveler:  detained  in 
Paraguay,  21,  147 

Bonstetten,  Albert  von  (ca.  1470), 
dean  of  a  Swiss  monastery:  sketch 
of,  13,  428 

"Book  of  Armagh,"  one  of  the  man- 
uscript books  of  Ireland,  12,  8 

"  Book  of  Ballymote,"  an  ancient  Irish 
manuscript,  12,  7 

"  Book  of  Kells,"  one  of  ornamented 
Irish  manuscripts,  12,  8 

"Book  of  Lecan  [Leckan],"  an  an- 
cient Irish  manuscript,  12,  7 

"Book  of  Leinster,"  an  ancient  Irish 
manuscript,  12,  7 

Book  of  Mormons,  the  code  of  law 
for  the  Mormon  sect:  created,  24, 
982 


GENERAL    INDEX 


111 


Book  of  the  Dead,  the  chief  monu- 
ment of  the  religious  literature  of 
Egypt,  i,  54 

"  Book  of  the  Dun  Cow,"  an  ancient 
Irish  manuscript,  12,  6 

Bookland:    meaning   of   term,    11,    52 

Books,  Bookmaking: 
ARABIA:  inscriptions,  I,  184;  poe- 
try and  poets,  199;  translation  of  the 
Bible,  204;  destruction  of  the  Alex- 
andrian library,  296;  libraries,  346; 
precepts  of  the  Koran  refined,  361 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  translation 
of  the  Bible,  17,  198 
BABYLONIA  AND  ASSYRIA: 
History  of  Babylonia  by  Berosos,  1, 
70;  History  of  Assyria  by  Megas- 
thenes,  70;  Old  Testament,  71;  canon 
of  Ptolemy,  71,  72;  epic  of  early 
Chaldea,  74;  writing  on  clay  tablets, 
106;  epic  of  Gilgamesh,  108;  books 
on  astronomy,  no 
CHINA:  destruction  of  literature,  6, 
n;  reconstruction  of  literature,  12; 
compilation  of  an  encyclopedia,  31; 
dictionary  and  encyclopedia,  72; 
book  of  Celestial  Decrees,  150;  sale 
of  English  books,  289 
EGYPT:  Papyrus  Prisse,  I,  16,  53; 
letters  found  in  the  archive  cham- 
ber of  Amenophis  IV,  24;  Phila- 
delphus,  Manetho's  Egyptian  His- 
tory, Hebrew  Scriptures  into  Greek, 
34;  Papyrus  Ebers,  52;  tales,  ro- 
mances, letters,  54;  Book  of  the 
Dead,  edited  Ly  Naville  in  1886,  54; 
epic  of  Pantaur,  56;  Papyri,  56; 
works  of  Maimonides,  417 
ENGLAND:  translation  by  Alfred, 
ix,  45;  translation  of  the  Bible,  173; 
Caxton  and  his  press,  231;  books 
of  devotion,  262;  Prayer  Book,  266, 
268,  275;  Marprelate  Tracts,  11,  301 
GERMANY:  translation  of  the  Bi- 
ble, 18,  32;  first  printed,  221;  trans- 
lation of  the  New  Testament,  243; 
Luther's  Bible,  251 
GREECE:  Iliad  and  Odyssey,  2,  29; 
"Cyclic"  poems,  31;  Spartan  poet 
Tyrtaeus,  72 

INDIA:    the    Rig- Veda,    5,    38;    the 
four   Vedas,   42;    the    Mahabharata, 


49,  50,  51,  52;  the  Ramayana,  52,  53; 
Asoka's  authorized  version  of  Bud- 
dhist books,  61;  writings  of  John 
Malcolm,  206;  statistical  survey  of 
India,  250 

IRELAND:  early  manuscripts,  12, 
6;  decoration  of  books,  8;  early  pen- 
work,  33;  Psalter  of  Tara,  25 
ISRAEL  AND  JUDAH:  Book  of 
Genesis,  1,  373;  Tell-el-Amarna  Tab- 
lets, 375;  Book  of  Samuel,  382;  Book 
of  Deuteronomy  discovered,  398; 
Greek  version  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, 404;  Formation  of  the  Tal- 
mud, 414 

ITALY:  works  of  Muratori,  4,  338 
JAPAN:  first  book  of  verses,  7,  35 
LYDIA:    few    fragments    of   books 
remain,  1,  152 

MEXICO:  first  printed,  22,  108 
PERSIA:    sacred   literature,    1,    172, 
173;    Herodotos,    179;    Ktesias,    179; 
authorized  Bible  of  Zoroastrianism, 
5,  316 

PHOENICIA:  epic  of  early  Chaldea, 
1,  122;  scanty  quotations  from  his- 
tory  of   Tyre,   a   few   other   books, 

133,   134 

ROME:  early  Roman  men  of  let- 
ters, 2,  524 

RUSSIA:  destruction  of  books  of 
pedigree,  15,  25;  during  Queen 
Anne's  reign,  114;  Rulhiere's  his- 
tory, 15,  159 

SCOTLAND:  translation  of  the 
Prayer  Book,  12,  331 
SPAIN:  book  collecting,  8,  78; 
printing  of  "  Imago  Mundi,"  23,  28 
SWITZERLAND:  translation  of 
the  Bible,  13,  453 
TURKEY:  revival  of  printing,   14, 

377 

UNITED  STATES:  Indian  transla- 
tion of  the  Bible,  23,  12;  first  print- 
ing press  (1639),  143;  number  and 
kind  in  the  colonies,  144;  text-books 
published  in  the  North,  24,  589; 
"Uncle  Tom's  Cabin,"  638;  Mor- 
mon publications,  982 

Boonsboro,  Virginia:  battle  of  (1862), 
24,  765 

Booth,    Sir    George     (1622-1684),    an 


112 


THE    HISTORY   OF    NATIONS 


English  soldier  and  politician:  leads 
uprising,  n,  374 

Booth,  John  Wilkes  (1839-1865),  an 
American  actor:  assassinates  Lin- 
coln, 24,  826 

Bora,  Catharine  von  (1499-1552),  a 
Cistercian  nun:  marries  Luther,  18, 

245 

Borba,  Francisco  Coutinho  de  (ca. 
1490),  governor  of  Arsilla:  defeats 
Moors,  8,  324 

Borbon,  Francisco  Xavier  de,  prose- 
cutor in  Mexico  1794:  sketch  of,  22, 
223 

Borchgrevink,  C.  E.,  a  Norwegian 
explorer  in  Polar  regions  (1898): 
explorations  of,  16,  334 

Borda,  Juan  Idiarte  (d.  1897),  presi- 
dent of  Uruguay  1894-1897:  admin- 
istration,  21,  259;  assassinated,  259 

Bordeaux,  France:  siege  of  (1130),  8, 

234 

Bordeaux,  Compact  of,  the  pledge  of 
Thiers  to  make  no  use  of  power  to 
favor  one  party  or  form  of  govern- 
ment (1871),  9,  469 

Bordeaux,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
Louis  IX  of  France  and  Henry  III 
of  England  (1242),  9,  81 

Borello,  Count  of  Barcelona,  ca.  967: 
reign  of,  8,  225 

Borga,  Diet  of  (1809),  a  meeting  of 
the  estates  of  the  Russian  empire, 
15,  217 

Borges  (ca.  1874),  an  insurrectionist 
in  Argentine  Republic:  joins  insur- 
rection of  Mitre,  21,  135 

Borghese,  Camillo:  see  Paul  V 

Borgia,  Caesar  (1478-1507),  Duke  of 
Valentino:  power  of,  4,  291 

Borie,  A.  E.,  American  Secretary  of 
the  Navy:  in  Grant's  Cabinet,  24, 
861 

Borivoj  (9th  century),  Prince  of  Bo- 
hemia: sketch  of,  17,  30;  baptized 
by  Methodius,  33;  reign  of,  62 

Borlase,  Sir  John,  a  lord-justice  of 
Ireland:  attempts  to  crush  the  Re- 
bellion of  1641,  12,  115 

Bornhauser  (ca.  1830),  a  Swiss  pa- 
triot: urges  a  revolution  in  the  con- 
stitution, 13,  533 


Bornhoved,  Russia:  battle  of  (1227), 
16,  89 

Borodin,  Colonel  (ca.  1823),  a  Russian 
officer:  at  the  siege  of  Akhalzikh, 
15,  282 

Borodino,  Russia:  battle  of  (1812),  9, 
341,  15,  225,  10,  485,  18,  380 

Borough,  Thomas,  Lord  (d.  1597),  an 
English  soldier:  appointed  lord 
deputy  of  Ireland,  12,  95 

Boroughbridge,  England:  battle  of 
(1322),  11,  154 

Borrero,  Antonio  (19th  century), 
South  American  statesman:  presi- 
dent of  Ecuador  (1875),  21,  244 

Borromean  League  (1586),  13,  458 

Borromeo,  Carlo  (1538-1584),  Arch- 
bishop of  Milan:  his  attempted  re- 
forms in  Switzerland,   13,  457 

Borselen,  Vrank  van  (15th  century), 
a  Dutch  stadholder:  marries  Jacque- 
line of  Holland,  13,  41 

Borut  (ca.  750  A.  D.),  Prince  of  the 
Slovenes:  sketch  of,  17,  37 

Bosatsu:  see  Gyogi 

Boscawen,  Edward  (1711-1761),  Eng- 
lish admiral:  besieges  Pondicherri, 
5,  179;  in  the  war  with  France,  9, 
243,  11,  501,  20,   117,  23,   188 

Bosch,  Lieutenant  General  van  den 
(19th  century),  governor  general  of 
Java:   his   administration,   20,   292 

Bosco  (ca.  1866),  a  commander  of 
royal  troops  in  Italy:  Garibaldi  de- 
feats, 4,  378 

Bosna-Serai:  see  Serajevo 

Bosnia,  Turkey:  invaded  by  the  Turks 
(1383),  17,  155;  attacked  by  Baye- 
zid,  14,  37;  reconquered  by  Turks 
(1445),  68;  made  Turkish  province 
(1454),  82;  conquered  by  the  Turks 
(1463),  17,  162;  claimed  by  the 
emperor,  231;  acquisition  and  incor- 
poration of,  by  Austria-Hungary, 
421 

Boso  (ca.  880  A.  D.),  King  of  Prov- 
ence: usurps  the  throne,  9,  52 

Bosquet,  Pierre  Joseph  Franjois 
(1810-1861),  a  marshal  of  France:  in 
Crimean  War,  9,  446 

Bosra,  Arabia:  battle  of,  1,  268 

Bossu,  Maximilian,  Count  (d.  1578),  a 


GENERAL    INDEX 


113 


Dutch  admiral:  at  battle  of  Zuyder 
Zee,  13,  114 

Boston,  capital  of  Massachusetts, 
called  the  City  of  Notions:  settle- 
ment, 23,  88;  officers  for  1690-1691, 
123;  population  at  outbreak  of  the 
Revolution,  127;  a  school  estab- 
lished, 140;  Church  of  England  in, 
147;  tea  thrown  into  harbor,  219; 
other  colonies  send  supplies  to,  222; 
siege  of,  235;  population  in  time  of 
Jackson,  479;  panic  of  1837,  512; 
Garrison  mobbed,  24,  574;  New 
England  Anti-Slavery  Society  or- 
ganized, 574;  mob  attacks  Thomp- 
son, 575;  Fugitive  Slave  Law  dis- 
obeyed, 615;  anti-slavery  mass 
meeting,  636;  fire  of  1872,  902; 
Latin  School  at,  23,  140 

Boston  Massacre  (1770),  collision  be- 
tween British  soldiers  stationed  in 
Boston  and  a  crowd  of  citizens,  II, 
515,  23,  217 

Boston  News  Letter,  first  Colonial 
newspaper:  founded,  23,  144 

Boston  Port  Bill,  passed  by  British 
Parliament  (1774),  closing  the  port 
of'  Boston,  23,  220 

Boston  Tea  Party  (1773),  a  demon- 
stration against  the  attempted  im- 
portation of  tea  into  the  colonies, 
11,  515,  20,  127,  23,  219 

Bosworth,  England:  battle  of  (1485), 
11,  222 

Botany  Bay,  Australia:  attempt  to 
form  a  penal  colony  at,  20,  182 

Bothwell,  Adam  (1550),  English  min- 
ister: marries  Mary  Queen  of  Scots 
and  the  Earl  of  Bothwell,  12,  317 

Bothwell,  James  Hepburn,  Earl  of 
(1536-1578),  Scottish  nobleman:  re- 
lations with  Mary  Queen  of  Scots, 
11,  282,  12,  316 

Bothwell,  Bridge  of,  Scotland:  battle 
of  (1669),  11,  409,  12,  348 

Botilda,  Queen  of  Denmark,  ca.  1100: 
in  the  first  crusade,  16,  75 

Botta,  General  (ca.  1745),  Pavian  gen- 
eral: captures  Genoa,  4,  334 

Botta  d'  Adorno,  Marquis  (ca.  1740), 
Austrian  ambassador  to  Russia:  in- 
trigues of,  15,  129,   139 


Bottomless  Pitt,  The:  see  Pitt,  Wil- 
liam (1759-1806) 
Bouchain,  Italy:   siege  of   (1711),   13, 

251 

Boudinot,  Elias  (1740-1821),  Amer- 
ican patriot  and  philanthropist:  in 
first  Congress,  23,  342 

Boughton,  Gabriel  (ca.  1650),  Eng- 
lish surgeon:  wins  concessions  for 
the  English  from  governor  of  Ben- 
gal, 5,  164 

Bouille,  Francois  Claude  Amour, 
Marquis  de  (1739-1800),  a  French 
general:  duplicity  of,  10,  124;  es- 
tablishes a  camp  at  Montmedy  for 
the  reception  of  the  king,  137;  death 
of,  125  note 

Bouillon,  Henri  de  la  Tour  d'Au- 
vergne,  Duke  of  (1555-1623), 
French  marshal  and  diplomat:  joins 
conspiracy  of  Biron,  9,  173;  revolt 
of,  178;  conspires  against  Richelieu, 
194 

Boulanger,  Georges  Ernest  Jean  Ma- 
rie (1837-1891),  French  soldier  and 
politician:  rise  of,  9,  484 

Boule,  council  of  principal  men 
in  the  ancient  Greek  states,  having 
legislative,  executive  and  judicial 
authority:  created  by  Solon,  2,  106; 
recast  by  Cleisthenes,  147;  expelled 
by  the  Four  Hundred,  358;  restored, 
362;  recast  by  the  Thirty  Tyrants, 
384;  in  Modern  Greece,  548 

Boulogne,  France:  sieges  of  (1492), 
9,  129;   (1544).  ",  261 

Boultiaux  (ca.  1900),  French  aero- 
naut: associated  with  the  Wellman 
expedition,  16,  340 

Bourne,  H.  R.  Fox  (living),  English 
writer:  brings  charges  against  the 
administration  in  Congo  Free  State, 
19,  256 

Boundary  Disputes,  in  America:  aris- 
ing from  Louisiana  Purchase,  23, 
400;  in  the  northwest,  443;  between 
Maine  and  New  Brunswick,  514; 
western  boundary  of  Texas,  24,  600; 
between  Alaska  and  Canada,  1054; 
in  South  America  (1890-1906),  21, 
261 

Bouquet,    Colonel    (ca.    1750),    Swiss 


114 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


officer:  in  expedition  against  Fort 
Du  Quesne,  23,  190 

Bourbaki,  Charles  Denis  Sauter  (1816- 
1897),  a  French  general:  in  the 
Franco-Prussian  War,  18,  425 

Bourbon,  House  of,  a  royal  house  of 
France,  Spain  and  Naples:  rule  in 
Spain,  8,  386,  22,  185;  restoration 
of,  in  Spain,  23,  445 

Bourbon,  Charles,  Duke  of  (1490- 
1527),  French  general:  conspires 
against  Francis  I  of  France,  4, 
302;   marches   against   Rome,   303 

Bourbon,  Louis  Henry,  Duke  of 
(1692-1740),  French  politician:  given 
the  superintendence  of  Louis  XV's 
education,  9,  230;  member  of  king's 
council,   234 

Bourbon,  Island  of:  see  Reunion 

Bourde  (ca.  1900),  French  statesman: 
his  administration  of  Tunis  affairs, 
19,  262 

Bourdelot,  Pierre  Michon  (1610-1685), 
French  physician:  favorite  of  Chris- 
tina, 16,  205 

Bourdonnaye,  Frangois  Regis,  Count 
(1767-1839),  French  legislator: 
made  member  of  the  council,  9,  388 

Bourg,  Anne  du  (1521-1559),  French 
magistrate  and  Calvinist:  persecu- 
tion of,  9,  149;  trial  of,  150 

Bourg,  Antoine  du  (ca.  1500),  French 
chancellor:  influences  Francis  I  of 
France,  9,  142 

Bourges,  The  King  of:  see  Charles 
VII,  King  of  France 

Bourke,  Sir  Richard  (1777-1855),  Irish 
general  in  British  service:  his  ad- 
ministration as  governor  of  New 
South  Wales,  20,  185,  189 

Bourmont,  Louis  Auguste  Victor, 
Comte  de  Ghaisne  de  (1773-1846), 
French  soldier  and  politician:  made 
member  of  the  council,  9,  388;  his 
Algerian  expedition,  14,  433 

Bourn  (ca.  1650),  English  admiral:  in 
the  war  with  Dutch,  13,  230 

Bournonville,  Prince  of  (ca.  1650), 
German  general:  defeated  at  battle 
of  Ensheim,  9,  211 

Boutwell,      George      L.      (1818 ), 

American  politician:  in  Grant's  Cab- 
inet, 24,  862 


Bouvet,  Joachim  (1662-1732),  French 
missionary  to  China,  6,  77 

Bouvines,  France:  battle  of  (1214), 
9,  77,  11,  126,  13,  29 

Boves,  Jose  Tomas  (1 770-1814),  Span- 
ish partizan  chief:  sketch  of,  21, 
62 

Bovianum,  Italy:  captured  by  the 
Romans  (305  B.  C),  3,  71 

Bowdoin,  James  (1727-1790),  Amer- 
ican politician:  calls  out  the  militia 
in  Shays's  Rebellion,  23,  316;  mem- 
ber of  Massachusetts  ratifying  con- 
vention, 336 

Bower,  Walter  (1385-1449),  an  Eng- 
lish writer:  sketch  of,  12,  309 

Bowides,  a  Persian  dynasty  of  10th 
and  nth  centuries:  usurp  Persian 
throne,  1,  365 

Bowie,  James  (1790-1836),  an  Amer- 
ican soldier:  at  battle  of  Mission 
Conception,  24,  533;  death,  534 

Bowling  Green,  Kentucky:  Confeder- 
ates hold,  24,  742;  Confederates 
abandon,  745 

Bowring,  Sir  John  (1792-1872),  Eng- 
lish statesman,  traveller  and  lin- 
guist: minister  to  China,  6,  157 

Boxers,  The,  Chinese  semi-religious, 
semi-social  society:  commits  out- 
rages, 6,  280,  296,  298,  311,  318,  7, 
279.  15,  354,  24,   1047 

Boy  Bachelor,  The:  see  Wolsey, 
Thomas 

Boy  Popes:  see  John  XII  and  Bene- 
dict IX 

Boyaca,  Colombia,  South  America: 
battle  of  (1819),  21,  68 

Boyd,  Earl  of  Arran  (ca.  1450),  Scot- 
tish chief:  disgraced,  12,  296 

Boyd,  John  Parker  (1 768-1 830), 
an  American  general:  captures  Fort 
George,  23,  425 

Boyer,  Jean  Pierre  (1776-1850),  Hay- 
tian  creole:  becomes  ruler  of  Hayti, 
22,  496 

Boyle  (ca.  1490),  Spanish  monk:  leads 
plot  against  Columbus,  21,  10 

Boyne,  eastern  Ireland:  battle  of  the 
(1691),  9,  218,  11,  438,  12,  141 

Bozerg,  ancient  Helvetia:  battle  of 
(69  A.  D.),  13,  33i 

Bozzaris     (Botzaris),     Marco,     Greek 


GENERAL    INDEX 


115 


patriot:  born  at  Suli,  in  Albania, 
about  1788;  enlisted  in  the  French 
army  about  1808,  and  served  in  sev- 
eral campaigns;  joined  the  Greeks 
against  the  Turks,  1820;  made  a 
general  of  the  army  of  Western 
Hellas,  1823;  is  especially  noted  for 
his  defense  of  Missolonghi,  1822- 
1823;  was  killed  in  action  near  Car- 
penisi,  August  20,  1823 
At  Missolonghi,  2,  544 

Brabangon,  Duke  of  (ca.  1630),  Bel- 
gian noble:  arrested,   13,  211 

Brabant,  Netherlands:  suffers  from 
persecutions,  13,  77 

Bracamonte,  Gonsalvo  de  (ca.  1550), 
Spanish  general:  his  campaign  in 
the  Netherlands,  13,  109 

Braccio  da  Montone,  Andrea  (1368- 
1424),  celebrated  Italian  condot- 
tieri  leader:  sketch  of,  4,  253 

Bracito,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1846),  22, 

304 
Braclav,  Slovene  prince,  ca.  900  A.  D.: 
forms   alliance   with    Svatopluk,    17, 

35 

Braddock,  Edward  (1695-1755),  Brit- 
ish general:  defeat  of,  9,  243,  11, 
495,  20,  117,  23,  179 

Bradford,  William  (1590-1657),  Amer- 
ican pioneer  and  historian:  elected 
governor  of  Plymouth,  23,  85;  early 
colonial  author,   142 

Bradley,  Joseph  P.  (1813-1892),  Amer- 
ican jurist:  member  of  the  Electoral 
Commission,  24,  913  note 

Bradstreet,  John  (1711-1774),  English 
soldier:  captures  Fort  Frontenac, 
23,  190 

Brady,  Thomas  Jefferson  (ca.  1880), 
American  official:  implicated  in 
"  starroute  "  frauds,  24,  936 

Bragadino  (ca.  1560),  Venetian  gen- 
eral: defends  Famagosta  against 
Turks,  4,  309 

Braganza,  House  of,  reigning  family 
of  Portugal:  rules  in  Portugal,  8, 
462 

Braganza,  Alfonso,  Duke  of  (ca. 
1450):  created  duke,  8,  312;  leader 
of  discontented  nobles,  319 

Braganza,  Constantino  de   (ca.   1550), 


Portuguese  noble:  viceroy  of  the 
Indies,  5,  151,  8,  458 

Braganza,  Joam,  Duke  of:  see  Joam 
IV,  King  of  Portugal 

Bragg,  Braxton  (1815-1876),  Amer- 
ican soldier:  at  battle  of  Pittsburg 
Landing,  24,  747;  succeeds  Beaure- 
gard, 772,;  operations  in  East  Ten- 
nessee, 783;  blunder  at  Knoxville, 
785;  succeeded  by  Johnston,  786 

Bragg,      Edward     Stuyvesant      (1827 

),        American        congressman: 

quoted  on  popularity  of  Cleveland, 

24,  945 

Brahe,  Count:  death  of,  16,  228 

Brahe,  Magnus  (ca.  1800),  Swedish 
courtier:  favorite  of  Charles  (XIV) 
John,  16,  259 

Brahe,  Count  Niels  (ca.  1630),  Swed- 
ish noble:  at  the  battle  of  Liitzen 
(1632),  16,  184 

Brahe,  Tycho  (1546-1601),  Danish 
astronomer:  sketch  of,  16,  198;  en- 
couraged by  Rudolf  II  of  Germany, 
18,  263 

Brahma  Samaj,  the  theistic  church 
founded  by  the  Hindu  religious  and 
social  reformer  Rammohun  Roy  at 
Calcutta  in  1830:  rise  of,  5,  87 

Brahmans,  Hindu  priests:  rise  of,  5, 
43,  76 

Brahmaputra,  Asia:  description  of  the, 
5,  8 

Braila,  Russia:  siege  of  (1828),  14, 
427,  15,  279 

Brainard,     David     Legg     (1856 ), 

American  soldier  and  Arctic  ex- 
plorer: explorations  of,  16,  319 

Bramham  Moor,  Wales:  battle  of 
(1407),  11,  194 

Brancaleone,  Dandolo  (d.  1258),  Ital- 
ian statesman:  destroys  fortifica- 
tions of  the  nobles,  4,  211;  reforms 
of,  222 

Branciforte,  Marques  de  (ca.  1790), 
Spanish  noble:  his  administration  as 
viceroy  of  New  Spain,  22,  223 

Brancovan,  Prince,  Hospodar  of  Wal- 
lachia  (ca.  1700) :  intrigues  with 
Russia,  14,  278,  15,  59;  treachery 
of,  15,  60;  death  of,  63 

Brandenburg,     Prussia:     conquest    of, 


116 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


18,  107;  given  to  Lewis,  190;  se- 
cured by  Frederick  of  Hohenzol- 
lern,  206 

Brandenburg,  Peace  of,  concluded  be- 
tween Austria  and  the  Swiss  Con- 
federate League  (1552),  13,  377 

Brandenburg  African  Company,  to  fa- 
cilitate   trade    (1681):    founded,    19, 

31 
Brandis,   Dietrich    (b.    1824),    German 
scholar:    father   of   Indian   forestry, 

5,  7 

Brandon,  Charles,  Duke  of  Suffolk: 
see  Suffolk,  Charles  Brandon,  Duke 
of 

Brandt,  Enevold  von  (ca.  1760),  Scan- 
dinavian statesman:  career  of,  16, 
241 

Brandyse,  Jiskra  of  (ca.  1500),  Hun- 
garian chief:  leads  Czechs  against 
Hungarians,  17,  159 

Brandywine,  Pennsylvania:  battle  of 
the  (1777),  11,  517,  23,  259 

Brant,  Joseph  (1742-1807),  a  Mohawk 
chief  in  the  British  service:  at  bat- 
tle of  Oriskany,  23,  254;  commands 
at  Cherry  Valley  massacre,  297 

Brasidas  (d.  422  B.  C),  Spartan  gen- 
eral: at  Salamis,  2,  290;  wounded  at 
Pyl°s,  302;  saves  Megara,  310;  cap- 
tures Amphipolis  and  other  places, 
313;  killed  in  battle,  317 

Brask,  Hans,  Bishop  of  Linkoping 
(ca.  1500),  Scandinavian  divine:  ig- 
nored by  Gustavus  Vasa,  16,  155;  at 
the  diet  of  Vesteraas,  157 

Bra  valla,  Denmark:  battle  of,  16,  18 

Bravest  of  the  Brave,  The:  see  Ney, 
Michel 

Bravo,  Gonsalez  (ca.  i860),  Spanish 
intriguer:   administration   of,   8,   508 

Bravo,  Leonardo  (ca.  1800),  Mexican 
leader:  death  of,  32,  244  note 

Bravo,  Miguel  (ca.  1800),  Mexican 
leader:  in  the  Hidalgo  rebellion,  22, 
243 

Bravo,  Nicolas  (1787-1854),  a  Mex- 
ican general:  takes  Palmar,  22,  244 
note;  made  member  of  triumvirate, 
258;  member  of  provisional  govern- 
ment, 264;  declared  vice-president 
of  Mexico,  264;  leads  rebellion 
(1827),  266 


Brazil,  a  division  of  South  America: 
discovery  of,  5>  *47,  8,  326,  459,  20, 
43,  21,  15,  23,  43;  exploration  and 
colonization  of,  21,  29,  32;  con- 
quered by  the  Dutch,  13,  221;  war 
between  the  Dutch  and  Portuguese 
in,  20,  60;  conditions  of  the  natives 
under  Spanish  conquest,  91;  wins 
her  independence,  8,  519,  534;  co- 
lonial government  of,  21,  37;  during 
the  revolutions  of  1810-1826,  69; 
annexes  Montevideo,  120;  empire 
of,  21,  162;  Jesuits  expelled  from, 
98;  growth  of,  105;  condition  of 
the  Jews,  424;  from  1876  to  1906, 
248 

Brazil-Argentina  Boundary  Dispute 
(1895),  21,  265 

Brazil-British  Guiana  Boundary  Dis- 
pute (1904),  21,  265 

Brazza,    Count   Pierre    Savergnan   de 

(1852 ),    an    Italian    count    and 

African  explorer:  establishes  Frerch 
influence  in  Central  Africa,  19,  50; 
sketch  of,  71 

Brazzaville,  Africa:  founded,  19,  72 

Bread  Riot,  The,  a  riot  in  Paris 
(1789),  10,  93 

Breakspear,  Nicholas:  see  Adrian  IV, 
Pope 

Breckenridce,  John  (ca.  1800):  Jef- 
ferson's letter  to,  regarding  Louis- 
iana Purchase,  23,  397 

Breckinridge,  John  Cabell  (1821- 
I875),  an  American  politician  and 
soldier:  nominated  for  Vice-presi- 
dent (1857),  24,  653;  nominated  for 
President  (i860),  682;  heavy  loss  at 
Stone  River,  774 

Breda,  Netherlands:  captured  by 
Maurice  of  Orange  (1590),  13,  156; 
sieges  of  (1625),  207;  (1637),  212 

Breda,  Declaration  of,  a  manifesto  by 
Charles  II  of  England  issued  from 
Breda  (1660),  11,  375 

Breda,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  concluded 
at  Breda  between  England,  Holland, 
France  and  Denmark  (1667),  9,  208, 
11,  389,  13,  235,  20,  76,  87 

Breda  Conference,  The,  a  conference 
between  representatives  of  King  of 
Spain  and  Prince  of  Orange  (1574), 
13,  119 


GENERAL    INDEX 


117 


Bredal  (ca.  1735),  Russian  admiral: 
commands   fleet   in   Black   Sea,   14, 

309 

Bredalbane,  John  Campbell,  Earl  of 
(ca.  1692) :  his  mission  to  the  Scot- 
tish chiefs,  12,  353 

Brederode,  Henry  de  (1531-1568), 
Lord  of  Vianen  and  Marquis  of 
Utrecht:  sketch  of,  13,  86;  his  ban- 
quet to  the  confederates,  88;  at  the 
Duffle  Conference,  93;  death  of,  102 

Breed's  Hill,  Massachusetts:  battle  of 
(1775),  33,  232 

Bregenz,  Austria-Hungary:  battle  of 
(1408),  13,  391 

Breisach  (Bnsach  or  Alt-Breisach), 
Germany:  sieges  of  (939  A.  D.),  18, 
no;  (1637-1638),  289 

Breitenfeld,  Germany:  battles  of 
(1631),  16,  181,  18,  280;  (1642),  16, 
187 

Breitfeld,  Switzerland:  capitulates  to 
the  French  (1798),  13,  5" 

Breitinger,  Johann  (ca.  1700),  a  pas- 
tor in  Zurich:  attacks  abuses  of 
aristocracy,  13,  475;  sketch  of,  489 

Brember  (d.  1388),  mayor  of  London: 
hanged,  11,  181 

Bremen,  a  free  city  of  Germany:  a 
member  of  the  Hanseatic  League, 
18,  174 

Bremer,  Sir  Gordon  (ca.  1840),  an 
English  admiral:  blockades  Canton, 

6,  134 
Brenneville,  France:  battle  of  (n  19), 

9,  72 

Brescia,  Italy:  founded,  3,  58;  siege 
of  (1237),  4,  204;  battle  of  (1401), 
18,   199 

Breslau,  Prussia:  taken  by  Frederick 
the  Great  (1740),  18,  329;  by  the 
Austrians  (1757),  337;  by  the  Prus- 
sians  (1757),  338 

Breslau,  Treaty  of,  a  preliminary 
peace  signed  by  representatives  of 
Hungary  and  Prussia  (1742),  11, 
48S 

Brestel  (ca.  1865),  a  member  of  the 
Austrian  diet:  financial  reform  of, 
17,  402 

Bretaute  (ca.  1601),  a  Norman  sol- 
dier: story  of,  13,  176 

Breteuil,     Baron    de     (ca.     1789),     a 


French  politician:  member  of  coun- 
cil, 9,  263;  of  the  ministry,  10,  56; 
abandons  his  post,  15,  158;  Cather- 
ine's influence  on,  161 

Bretigni,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
England  and  France  (1360),  9,  101, 
xi,  166 

Bretislav  I,  King  of  Hungary,  1037- 
1055:  reign  of,  17,  64 

Bretislav  II,  King  of  Hungary,  1092- 
iiii:  reign  of,  17,  65 

Breton  Club,  a  French  political  club: 
formed,  9,  269 

Brewster,  William  (1 560-1644),  leader 
of  Presbyterian  refugees,  23,  84 

Breydel,  John,  leader  of  insurrection 
in  Bruges  (1302),  13,  31 

Breze,  Urbain  de  Maille  (ca.  1635),  a 
French  marshal:  his  campaign  in 
the  Thirty  Years'  War,  9,  191,  13, 
211 

Brezenval,  Baron  de,  commander  of 
the  army  of  Paris  1789:  imprison- 
ment of,  10,  73 

Brian  Boru  (Brian  Borohma),  an 
Irish  king:  born  926;  became  king 
of  Munster  978(?)  A.  D.,  and  over- 
king  of  all  Ireland,  1002;  killed  at 
Clontarf,  April  23,  1014 
Career  of,  12,  40 

Briannicus,  son  of  Claudius  (d.  54  A. 
D.) :  Agrippina  plots  against,  4,  60; 
put  aside  by  Nero,  62;  death,  63 

Briar  Creek,  Georgia:  battle  of  (1779), 
23,  272 

Bridge  of  Taillebourg,  France:  battle 
of  (1242),  9,  81 

Bridgenorth,  England:  siege  of 
(1102),  11,  89 

Bridgeport,  Lord  (ca.  1790),  an  Eng- 
lish admiral:  commands  fleet 
against  the  French,  9,  294,  11,  547 

Bridgman,  Sir  Orlando  (d.  1674),  an 
English  jurist:  directs  public  opin- 
ion  concerning  Charles   II,   II,  380 

Brie,  colonel  of  the  Basque  regiment 
in  Uruguay  1843:  his  services  in 
South  America,  21,  139 

Briel,  near  Holland:  captured  by  the 
patriots,  13,  113 

Brienne,   France:  battle  of   (1814),  9, 

'    345 

Brienne,    fitienne    Charles    de    Lome- 


118 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


nie  de  (1727-1794),  French  politician 
and  prelate:  made  minister  of 
finance,  9,  258,  10,  32;  takes  oath  of 
loyalty  to  the  nation,  10,  113 

Brienne,  Gauthier  de,  Duke  of  Ath- 
ens (ca.  1355) :  leads  nobility,  9,  96 

Brigand  of  Tuchino,  The,  a  conspir- 
ator who  tried  to  usurp  the  Russian 
throne  1606:  sketch  of,  15,  20 

Bright,  John  (1811-1889),  an  English 
Liberal  statesman:  leader  of  Anti- 
Corn  Law  League,  11,  600;  opposes 
China  War,  620;  pleads  for  the 
Manchester  Martyrs,  13,  235;  op- 
poses Home  Rule  Bill,  240 

Brigit,  Saint  (453-523  A.  D.),  a  patron 
saint  of  Ireland:  sketch  of,  12,  32 

Brihuega,  Spain:  battle  of  (1710),  8, 
399 

Brindley,  James  (ca.  1770),  an  Eng- 
lish millwright:  plans  Manchester 
Canal,  11,  533 

Brion,  Pedro  Luis  (1783-1821),  an  ad- 
miral of  the  Colombian  navy:  aids 
the  revolutionists,  21,  65 

Brisach:  see  Breisach 

Brisbane,  Queensland:  founded  (1859), 
20,  187;  growth  of,  196 

Brisbane,  Sir  Thomas  (1 773-1860),  a 
British  general  and  astronomer: 
governor  of  New  South  Wales,  20, 
186 

Brissac,  Charles  de  Cosse,  Count  de 
(1505-1564),  French  soldier:  cam- 
paigns in  Piedmont,  9,  147 

Brissot  de  Warville,  Jean  Pierre 
(I754-I793).  a  French  politician  and 
writer:  leads  Girondist  party,  9, 
272;  petition  drawn  up  by,  demand- 
ing the  dethronement  of  the  king, 
10,  142;  divides  the  emigrants  into 
three  classes,  157;  advocates  rigor- 
ous measures  against  the  emi- 
grants, 157;  his  speech  respecting 
abdication,  183;  attacked  by  Robe- 
spierre and  Marat,  254;  death  of,  279 

Bristol,  England:  stormed  (1645),  11, 
354 

Bristow,  Benjamin  F.  (1832-1896), 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  1874:  the 
"Whiskey  Ring,"  24,  894;  candi- 
date for  President  (1876),  907 


Britain:  Caesar  visits,  3,  304;  invaded 
and  subjugated  by  Romans,  4,  59, 
9,  9;  further  subjugation  of,  75; 
campaign  of  the  Emperor  Hadrian, 
92;  derivation  of  name,  11,  5;  see 
also  England 

Britain  of  the  South:  see  New  Zea- 
land 

British  Bechuanaland:  see  Bechuana- 
land  Protectorate 

British  Central  Africa:  sketch  of,  19, 
214 

British  Cicero,  The:  see  Pitt,  William 
(1708-1778) 

British  Columbia,  Canada:  admitted  to 
Canadian  union,  20,  168;  sketch  of, 
170 

British  East  Africa  Company,  Im- 
perial: founded  (1888),  19,  132; 
leases  land,  139;  sketch  of,  182; 
chartered,  183 

British  East  India  Company:  see  East 
India  Company,  British 

British  Guiana,  South  America: 
boundary  dispute  with  Venezuela, 
24,  1000 

British  Honduras:  see  Honduras, 
British 

British  Kaffraria,  Africa:  annexed  to 
the  Cape  (1865),  20,  224 

British  National  Antarctic  Expedition 
(1901),  16,  334 

British  North  America  Act,  The 
(1867),  20,  167 

British  North  Borneo  Company:  char- 
tered (1882),  20,  255 

British  Senate,  The  Cicero  of:  see 
Canning,  George 

British  Soldiers,  The  Battle  of  the: 
see  Inkerman:  battle  of  (1854) 

British  Solomon,  The:  see  James  I, 
and  also  Henry  VII,  Kings  of  Eng- 
land 

British  South  Africa:  sketch  of,  19, 
214 

British  South  Africa  Company:  work 
of,  19,  228,  20,  230 

British  Sugar  Act:  see  Sugar  Act, 
British 

"  Britons,  The  Groans  of  the,"  the 
appeal  of  the  Britons  to  Aetius,  11, 
17 


GENERAL    INDEX 


119 


Brittany,  a  division  of  France:  be- 
comes part  of  France;  II,  226 

Brittany,  Duke  of:  see  Manclerc, 
Pierre 

Briznella,  Fra  Inigo  de  (ca.  1608),  a 
Dutch  priest:  his  mission  to  Philip 
III  of  Spain,  13,  187 

Broadbottomed  Administration,  The, 
the  name  given  to  the  Pelham  ad- 
ministration (1744-1754),  11,  487 

Brocart,  a  Jesuit  missionary  in  China 
(ca.  1722),  6,  77 

Brock,  Aeske  (ca.  1448),  a  Danish 
general:  in  the  Danish  revolt,  16, 
130 

Brock,  Sir  Isaac  (1769-1812),  a  British 
major-general:  lieutenant  governor 
of  Upper  Canada,  20,  154;  receives 
Hull's  surrender,  23,  420;  death, 
421 

Broder  (ca.  1010),  Earl  of  the  Isle  of 
Man:  at  battle  of  Clontarf,  12,  42 

Brodersen,  Abraham  (d.  1402),  coun- 
selor of  Queen  Margaret  of  Den- 
mark: execution  of,  16,  124 

Broglie,  Achille  Charles  Leonce  Vic- 
tor, Due  de  (1785-1870),  a  French 
statesman  and  peer:  leads  constitu- 
tional party,  9,  358;  leader  of  the 
doctrinaires,  371;  minister  of  public 
instruction  and  worship,  396;  in 
Soult's  ministry,  402;  his  ministry, 
407 

Broglie,  Francois  Marie,  Duke  of 
(1671-1745),  a  marshal  of  France: 
campaigns  in  Italy,  9,  236 

Broglie,  Maurice  de  (ca.  1780),  Dutch 
bishop:  defends  the  rights  of  the 
Catholic  church,  13,  292 

Broglie,  Victor  Francois,  Duke  de 
(1718-1804),  marshal  of  France: 
made  member  of  the  ministry,  9, 
263,  10,  56;  in  the  Seven  Years' 
War,  18,  341 

Bromsebro,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  con- 
cluded between  Sweden  and  Den- 
mark (1645),  16,  187,  201 

Bronkhorst  Spruit,  South  Africa:  bat- 
tle of  (1880),  20,  230 

Bronze  Age,  primitive  age  of  man: 
in  Greece,  2,  22;  Scandinavia  in  the, 
16,  6 


Brooke,  Lord  (ca.  1600),  English  ad- 
ministrator: proprietor  of  Connecti- 
cut Colony,  23,  92 

Brooke,  Sir  Charles  (1829 ),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  rajah  of  Sarawak, 
20,  255 

Brooke,  Sir  James  (1803-1868),  Eng- 
lish adventurer:   sketch  of,  20,  254 

Brooke,  John  R.  (1839 ),  Ameri- 
can general:  his  administration  in 
Cuba,  20,  329,  22,  463,  464;  mili- 
tary governor  of  Porto  Rico,  24, 
1036 

Brookfield,  New  England:  burned  in 
King  Philip's  War,  23,  97 

Brooklyn,  New  York:  election  frauds 
(1884),  24,  948 

"Brooklyn,"  American  war  vessel: 
in  battle  of  Santiago,  24,  1030 

Brooks  (ca.  1890),  English  missionary 
to  China,  6,  298 

Brooks,  James  (1810-1873),  American 
politician:  censured  by  Congress, 
24,  896 

Brooks,  Preston  Smith  (1819-1857), 
American  politician:  assaults  Sena- 
tor Sumner,  24,  650 

Broom,  Dickon  ot  the:  see  Richard 
(I)  Coeur  de  Lion 

Brotherly  Love,  City  of:  see  Phila- 
delphia,   Pennsylvania 

Brothers  of  the  Sword,  German  asso- 
ciation (ca.  1200)  for  the  defense  of 
colonies,  18,  113,  261 

Brougham,  Henry  Peter,  Baron 
Brougham  and  Vaux  (1 778-1 868). 
British  statesman,  orator,  jurist  and 
scientist:  made  Lord  Chancellor,  11, 
587;  his  attitude  toward  Poland,  15, 
296 

Broughton,  John  Cam  Hobhouse, 
Lord  (1786-1869),  English  politician 
and  writer:  his  account  of  the  revo- 
lutions  (1807-1809),    14,  403  note 

Broussel  (ca.  1650),  French  councilor: 
arrested,  9,  201 

Brown,  Admiral  (ca.  1825),  English 
naval  commander:  aids  Argentina 
against  Brazil,  21,  121;  aids  Uni- 
tarian party,  123;  blockades  Monte- 
video, 125 

Brown,    Albert    Gallatin    (1813-1880), 


120 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


American  Senator:  quoted  on  the 
necessity  of  slavery,  24,  591;  fa- 
vors resistance  to  government,  611 

Brown,  Benjamin  Gratz  (1826-1885), 
American  politician  and  journalist: 
leader  of  liberal  movement  in  Mis- 
souri, 24,  890;  nominated  for  Vice- 
president  (1872),  891 

Brown,  George  (1818-1880),  Canadian 
politician  and  journalist:  at  the  Que- 
bec convention,  20,  165 

Brown,  George,  Archbishop  of  Dublin 
(ca.  1550),  Irish  Protestant:  at- 
tempts to  spread   Reformation,  12, 

85 
Brown,  Jacob  (1 775-1828),  an  Ameri- 
can general:  victory  at  Ogdensburg, 

23,  422;  in  war  of  1812,  424;  directs 
campaign   on    Niagara   frontier,  425 

Brown,  John  (ca.  1850),  northern 
scout  in  Civil  War:  aids  slaves  to 
escape,  24,  617 

Brown,  John,  of  Ossawatomie  (1800- 
1859),  an  American  abolitionist:  at- 
tacks settlers  on  the  Ossawatomie, 

24,  651;  anti-slavery  leaders  in- 
fluence, 671;  raid  of,  673;  convicted 
and  hanged,  675;  public  sympathy 
for,  675 

Brown,  Count  Maximilian  Ulysses  von 
( 1 705-1757),  Austrian  marshal:  in 
the  Seven  Years'  War,  17,  244 

Brown  University,  Providence,  Rhode 
Island:  founded,  23,  140 

Browne,  John,  leader  of  religious  fac- 
tion in  Plymouth  colony  (1629): 
sent  back  to  England,  23,  88 

Browne,  Robert  (1 550-1633),  English 
divine:  founds  the  Separatists,  II, 
300 

Browne,  Samuel,  leader  of  religious 
faction  in  Plymouth  colony  (1629) : 
sent  back  to  England,  23,  88 

Brownists:  see  Separatists 

Brozils  (ca.  1870),  Bohemian  painter: 
sketch  of,  17,  416 

Bruce,  Count  (ca.  1770),  Russian  sol- 
dier: at  the  battle  of  the  Kagul,  15, 
177 

Bruce,  David,  King  of  Scotland:  see 
David  II,  King  of  Scotland 

Bruce,  Edward  (d.  1318),  Scottish  ad- 


venturer: invades  Ireland,  12,  59, 
282 

Bruce,  Sir  Frederick  (1814-1867), 
English  diplomat:  arrives  at  Shang- 
hai, 6,  169;  presents  ultimatum, 
170 

Bruce,  Jacques  Daniel  Villiemovitch 
(ca.  1700),  Russian  diplomat:  nego- 
tiations of,  15,  65,  68 

Bruce,  Peter  Henry  (1692-1751),  Ger- 
man officer:  quoted,  15,  77 

Bruce,  Robert  (1210-1295),  Scottish 
noble:    claims   the    Scottish    throne, 

12,  271 

Bruce,  Robert:  see  Robert  I  of  Scot- 
land 

Bruce,    William    Speirs     (1867 ), 

British  Antarctic  explorer:  explora- 
tions of,  16,  336 

Brudence,  James  Thomas,  Lord  Cardi- 
gan: see  Cardigan,  James  Thomas 
Brudence,  Lord 

Braderholz,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1499),  13,  418 

Brue  (ca.  1700),  French  explorer:  his 
explorations  in  Africa,  19,  32 

Brueys  d'  Aigalliers,  Frangois  Paul  de 
(1753-1798),  French  naval  comman- 
der: commands  fleet  for  Egyptian 
expedition,  9,  306,  309 

Bruges,  Belgium:  insurrection  of 
(1301),  13,  31;   siege  of  (1789),  261 

Bruges,  John  of:  see  John  of  Bruges 

Bruges,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  concluded 
between  Edward  of  England  and 
Charles  V  of  France  (1375),  9,  105 

Brugg,   Switzerland:   siege   of    (1444), 

13,  401 

Briihl,   Count    Henri   de    (1700-1763), 

Saxon     politician     under     Augustus 

III:   Bestuzhev's   letter   to,   15,    146 
Bruinsburg,  Mississippi:  in  Vicksburg 

campaign,  24,  776 
Brulart,    Charles   Alexis:    see    Sillery, 

Marquis  de 
Bran,    Rudolph    (ca.    1350),    German 

leader:      usurps      governorship      of 

Zurich,  13,  375 
Brunanburh,    Northumbria,    England: 

battle  of  (937  A.D.),  ix,  46,  12,  255 
Brundisium,  Italy:  founded,  3,  108 
Brune,  Guillaume  Marie  Anne  (1763- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


121 


1815),  a  marshal  of  France:  his 
campaign  in  Holland,'  9,  308,  10, 
407;  made  marshal  of  the  empire, 
9,  322;  joins  Napoleon  after  his  re- 
turn, 10,  501;  his  campaign  in 
Switzerland,  13,  510;  occupies  Swed- 
ish Pomerania,  16,  251 
Brunei,  a  sultanate  in  Borneo:  made 
a  protectorate  of  Great  Britain,  20, 

255 

Brunhilda  (d.  613  A.D.),  Austrasian 
queen:  marries  Sigibert,  9,  27; 
sketch  of,  18,  62 

Brunkebjerg,  Sweden:  battle  of  (1471), 
16,  134 

Brunnbak,  Sweden:  battle  of  (1521), 
16,  153 

Bruno,  Archbishop  of  Cologne  (925- 
965  A.D.) :  vicegerent  of  Germany, 
18,  113 

Bruno  of  Carinthia:  see  Gregory  V 

Brunswick,  Charles  William  Ferdi- 
nand, Duke  of  (1721-1792),  Russian 
field-marshal:  his  campaigns  against 

.  France,  9,  274,  287,  18,  338,  342,  372; 
his  efforts  to  liberate  Germany,  18, 
375,  377;  death  of,  390 

Brunswick,  Manifesto  of,  issued  to 
France  in  the  name  of  the  emperor 
and  the  king  of  Prussia  (1792),  10, 
186,  187 

Brusa,  Asiatic  Turkey:  desired  by 
the  Turks,  14,  15,  17;  made  Baye- 
zid's  capital,  45;  sacked  by  Timur, 
51 

Brussels,  Belgium,  called  Little  Paris: 
siege  of  (1695),  13,  245 

Brussels,  The  Union  of,  a  compact 
concluded  by  the  deputies  of  the 
various  estates  of  the  Netherlands 
(1577),  13,  126 

Brussels  Conference,  The,  a  conven- 
tion of  representatives  from  Great 
Britain,  France,  Germany,  Italy, 
Austria-Hungary,  Belgium  and  Rus- 
sia (1876),  13,  31  if  19,  62 

Bruttians,  a  tribe  of  southern  Italy: 
conquests  of  the,  2,  418 

Brutus,  Decimus  Junius  (d.  43  B.C.), 
a  Roman  general:  raises  a  fleet  for 
use  in  Gaul,  3,  303;  naval  victories 
in  the  Civil  War,  341;  plots  against 


Caesar,  4,  4;  repairs  to  his  govern- 
ment in  Cisalpine,  II ;  besieged  by 
Antonius,  13;  death,  14 

Brutus,  Marcus  Junius  (85-42  B.C.), 
a  Roman  politician  and  scholar: 
joins  plot  against  Caesar,  4,  4;  calls 
patriots  to  arms  in  Greece  and 
Macedonia,  11;  his  reception  in 
Greece,  17;  at  battle  of  Philippi,  18 

Brutus,  The  Mountain:  see  Tell,  Wil- 
liam 

Bryan,  William  Jennings   (i860 ), 

an  American  Democratic  politician: 
nominated  for  President  (1896),  24, 
1014,  1015;  influences  Democrats  to 
vote  for  ratification  of  treaty  with 
Spain,  1033;  nominated  for  Presi- 
dent (1900),  1037;  protests  against 
gold  standard  in  Democratic  plat- 
form, 1065;  his  activity  in  Demo- 
cratic convention  (1904),  1065 

Bryant,  William  Cullen  (1 794-1 878),  a 
noted  American  poet  and  author:  in 
American  literature,  23,  481 

Brydon,  William  (1811-1873),  an  Eng- 
lish soldier  in  India:  survives  march 
from  Kabul,  5,  218 

Bubenberg,  Adrian  von  (ca.  1470), 
leader  of  a  faction  in  Burgundy: 
favors  Charles  the  Bold,  13,  406; 
defends  Morat,  408 

Bubonic  Plague:  sketch  of,  5,  282 

Bucareli  y  Ursua,  Antonio  Marie  de 
(1717-1779),  a  Spanish  general  and 
administrator:  his  administration  as 
viceroy  of  New  Spain,  22,  208; 
death  of,  210 

Bucephala,  Asia:  founded,  5,  68 

Buchan  (ca.  1690),  a  Scotch  officer: 
his  campaign  in  Scotland  (1690),  12, 

•     353 

Buchan,  Earl  of  (ca.  1314),  a  Scottish 
nobleman:  defeated  at  Inverary 
(1314),   12,  278 

Buchan,  Alexander,  Earl  of  (ca.  1400), 
brother  of  King  Robert  of  Scotland: 
rules  Scotland,  12,  287 

Buchan,  David  (1780-1839),  a  British 
naval  commander  and  Arctic  ex- 
plorer: explorations  of,  16,  306 

Buchanan,  Franklin  (1800- 1874),  an 
American  naval  officer  in  the  Con- 


122 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


federate  service:  commands  frigate 
"Tennessee,"  24,  798;  surrenders  in 
Mobile  Bay,  798 

Buchanan,  George  (1506-1582),  a 
Scottish  historian  and  scholar: 
sketch  of,  12,  331 

Buchanan,  James  (1791-1868),  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  1857- 
1861 :  attempts  to  negotiate  with 
Mexico,  22,  316;  candidate  for  Pres- 
idential nomination  (1852),  24,  619; 
letter  to  Pierce  on  annexation  of 
Cuba,  624;  appointed  minister  to 
England,  625;  Ostend  Manifesto, 
628;  attends  English  Court  in  citi- 
zen's dress,  639;  nominated  for 
Presidency,  653;  election,  656;  ad- 
ministration, 657;  Kansas  policy  of, 
681;  under  Southern  influence,  696; 
speech  to  Congress  (i860),  697;  an- 
swers to  South  Carolina  commis- 
sioner, 705 

Buchanan,  William  Insco  (1853 )» 

United  States  minister  to  Argentine 
Republic:  arbitrator  in  Chili- Argen- 
tine dispute,  31,  261 

Bucharest,  Roumania:  taken  by  Rus- 
sians (1828),  15,  278 

Bucharest,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
Russia  and  Turkey  (1812):  account 
of,  14,  398,  407,  15,  219;  ratified  by 
Treaty  of  Ackerman,  14,  422 

Biichner,    Max    (1846 ),    a    noted 

African  traveller:  explorations  of, 
19,  90 

Buckeye  State,  The:  see  Ohio 

Buckingham,  Marquis  of,  lord-lieuten- 
ant of  Ireland,  1787-1790:  adminis- 
tration of,  12,  197 

Buckingham,  Edward  Stafford,  Duke 
of  (d.  1521),  English  nobleman: 
executed,   11,  240 

Buckingham,  George  Villiers,  1st 
Duke  of  (1592-1628),  an  English 
courtier  and  politician:  his  cam- 
paign in  France,  9,  185;  growth  of 
his  influence,  11,  312;  attempts  to 
relieve  Rochelle,  322;  impeached, 
322;  assassinated,  325;  sketch  of, 
393 

Buckingham,  George  Villiers,  2nd 
Duke  of  (1627-1688),  an  English 
politician,   courtier   and   writer:   ne- 


gotiates sham  treaty  with  France, 
11,  396;  ambassador  to  the  Dutch 
Republic,    13,   239 

Buckingham,  Henry  Stafford,  Duke  of 
(ca.  1440-1483),  an  English  politi- 
cian: aids  Richard  III  to  win  throne, 
11,  220;  revolts  against  Richard  III, 
221 

Buckner,   Simon   Bolivar    (1823 ), 

an  American  Confederate  soldier: 
at  siege  of  Fort  Donelson,  24,  744; 
surrenders  Fort  Donelson,  745; 
nominated  for       Vice-President 

(1896),  1015 

Bucquoi,  Count  of:  see  Buquoi,  Count 
of 

Buda  (now  Budapest),  the  capital  of 
Hungary:  Buda  and  Pesth  con- 
quered by  Suleiman  the  Great,  14, 
152;  taken  by  the  Magyars,  15,  300; 
by  the  Turks  (1526),  17,  169;  siege 
of  (1540),  217;  taken  by  the  Hun- 
garians (1848),  372;  see  also  Pesth 

Buda,  Diets  of:  a  diet  which  laid  the 
basis  of  representative  government 
in  Hungary  (1405),  17,  155;  a  diet 
which  voted  subsidies  for  the  war 
with  the  Turks   (1453),  160 

Buddenbrock,  General  (d.  1742),  a 
Swedish  leader  against  the  Rus- 
sians: execution  of,  16,  228 

Buddha,  the  title  of  Gautama  (Gota- 
ma)  or  Siddhartha,  the  founder  of 
Buddhism:  the  date  of  his  birth  is 
variously  estimated,  1027  B.C.  be- 
ing accepted  in  China,  753,  687,  and 
537  B.C.,  being  mentioned  by  other 
Northern  Buddhists,  and  622  B.  C. 
being  the  date  usually  fixed  by  the 
Southern  Buddhists;  he  was  born 
in  the  country  and  tribe  of  the 
Sakhyas  at  the  foot  of  the  Nepa- 
lese  Himalayas;  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen he  married  his  cousin  Yasod- 
hara;  immediately  after  the  birth  of 
his  son  and  when  he  was  twenty- 
nine  years  old,  he  assumed  the  dress 
of  a  beggar  and  attached  himself  to 
first  one  religious  teacher  and  then 
another;  after  seven  years  he  be- 
lieved himself  possessed  of  perfect 
truth,  assumed  the  title  of  Buddha, 
the     Enlightened,     and     began     to 


GENERAL    INDEX 


123 


preach;    it    is   generally   agreed   he 
lived  to  be   eighty 
Rise  of,  5,  56;  image  of,  built,  7, 

32 

Buddhism,  the  religion  founded  by 
Buddha:  in  India,  5,  56;  in  Burma, 
65,  210;  in  China,  6,  13,  14,  23;  in- 
troduced into  Japan,  7,  14 

Buduen,  Luis  Yero  (ca.  1900),  Cuban 
politician:  chosen  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  22,  468 

Budweiss,  Bohemia:  sieges  of  (1451), 
17,  144;  (1614),  202 

Buell,  Don  Carlos  (1818-1898),  Amer- 
ican general:  commands  forces  at 
Louisville,  24,  743;  at  battle  of 
Pittsburg  Landing,  747;  sent  to 
Chattanooga,  773;  succeeded  by 
Rosecrans,  773 

Buena  Vista,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1847), 

22,  309,  24,  548 

Buenos  Ayres,  Argentine  Republic: 
founded,  20,  92,  21,  25;  made  capi- 
tal of  the  viceroyalty  of  La  Plata, 
40;  rebels  against  Spanish  authority, 
57;  occupied  by  the  British  (1806), 
20,  30,  143;  blockaded  by  an  Eng- 
lish squadron  (1804-1807),  21,  57; 
blockaded  by  French  and  English 
fleets  (1845),  126;  siege  of  (1852), 
128;  growth  of,  under  Dr.  Obligado, 
128;  scourged  with  the  cholera 
(1867),  132;  yellow  fever  epidemic 
(1871),  134;  rises  in  behalf  of  the 
Nationalists,  256 

Buenos  Ayres,  Treaty  of,  concluded 
between  Brazil,  Argentine  Confed- 
eration and  Uruguay  against  Para- 
guay (1865),  21,  157 

Buffalo,  New  York:  taken  by  the 
British  (1814),  20,  154;  Canadian 
insurrection  aided  by  volunteers  in, 

23.  515;  political  convention  (1848), 
34,  558;  Lincoln  makes  speech  at, 
706;  popular  respect  to  Lincoln's 
remains,  827;  Cleveland  elected 
mayor,  945;  McKinley  shot  during 
Exposition  at,  1049 

Buford,  Colonel  (ca.  1850),  American 
soldier:  attempts  to  colonize  Kan- 
sas  (1856),  24,  647 

Bugancy,  France:  battle  of  (1870), 
464 


Bugeaud  de  la  Piconnerie,  Thomas 
Robert  (1 748-1849),  French  marshal 
and  military  writer:  his  campaigns 
in  Algiers,  9,  423;  in  revolution  of 
1848,  433 

Bukharest:  see  Bucharest 

Bukowina  (Bukovina),  Austria-Hun- 
gary: Rumanian  element  in,  17,  8; 
occupied  by  the  Dacians,  II J  ac- 
quired by  Austria,  249 

Bulgak  (d.  1838),  prelate  of  Greek 
Catholic  church:  death  of,  15,  297 

Bulgakov  (ca.  1780),  Russian  diplo- 
mat: treatment  of,  15,  184 

Bulgaria,  principality  of  Europe:  an- 
nexed to  Ottoman  Empire,  14,  34, 
*7>  155;  account  of  troubles  in,  14, 
476;  claimed  by  the  emperor,  17, 
231 

Bull  of  Alexander  VI:  see  Demarca- 
tion, Line  of 

Bull  Run,  Virginia:  battles  of  (1861), 
24,  734;  (1862),  763 

Buller,  Sir  Redvers  Henry  (1839 ), 

British  general:  his  campaign  in 
South  Africa,  II,  641;  relieves  Lady- 
smith,  20,  233 

Bull-fights:  in  ancient  Spain,  8,  5 

Bullinger,  Henry  (1504-1575),  Swiss 
reformer  and  historian:  becomes 
chief  pastor  of  the  church  of  Zurich, 
13,  445 

Bulnes,  Manuel  (1799-1866),  a  Chilian 
general  and  statesman:  his  adminis- 
tration as  president  of  Chili,  21, 
218 

Btilow,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  von  (1755- 
1816),  a  Prussian  general:  cam- 
paign against  French,  10,  501,  18, 
383,  390;  envoy  to  the  London  Con- 
ference, 13,  300;  in  the  Slesvig- 
Holstein  War,  16,  271 

Buluwayo,  British  South  Africa: 
growth  of,  19,  233 

Bulwer,  Sir  Henry  Lytton  (1801- 
1872),  English  diplomat,  politician 
and  writer:  negotiates  Clayton-Bul- 
wer  Treaty,  24,  612 

Bulwer-Clayton  Treaty:  see  Clayton- 
Bulwer  Treaty 

Bunau-Varilla,  M.  (ca.  1900),  South 
American  diplomat:  received  as 
minister  from  Panama,  24,  1060 


1U 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Bundschuh,  The,  a  league  of  Southern 
German  peasants  who  rose  against 
the  nobles  and  clergy  (1524),  18, 
229 

Bunker  Hill,  Massachusetts:  battle  of 
(1775),  11,  516,  23,  232 

Buntofden,  General  (ca.  1800),  Prus- 
sian general:  his  campaign  against 
Napoleon,  9,  329 

Buntzen,  Committee  of,  formed  by 
Conservative  party  in  Switzerland 
(1840),  13,  547 

Bunyan,  John,  an  English  writer: 
born  at  Elstow,  near  Bedford,  Eng- 
land, November,  1628  (baptized,  No- 
vember 30) ;  learned  the  tinker's 
trade;  served  in  the  Parliamentary 
army  about  1645;  married  at  the 
age  of  twenty;  joined  the  Noncon- 
formists, 1653;  moved  to  Bedford, 
1655,  and  began  to  preach;  was  ar- 
rested on  charge  of  holding  serv- 
ices, 1660,  and  confined  in  Bedford 
County  Jail  until  1672;  was  again 
imprisoned  for  six  months  in  1675 
and  during  this  time  wrote  "  Pil- 
grim's Progress ";  died  in  London, 
August  31,  1688 
Sketch  of,  11,  391 

Buol-Schauenstein,  Karl  Ferdinand, 
Count  von  (1797-1865),  Austrian 
statesman  and  diplomat:  his  nego- 
tiations in  the  Crimean  War,  17, 
383;  demands  disarmament  of  Aus- 
tria, 385 

Buonarotti,  Michael  Angelo,  an  Italian 
painter,  sculptor,  and  architect:  born 
at  Caprese,  Italy,  March  6,  14745 
went  to  a  grammar  school;  was  ap- 
prenticed to  the  painter  Ghirlandajo, 
1488;  became  a  favorite  of  Lorenzo 
de'  Medici;  came  under  the  influence 
of  Savonarola,  1491;  was  in  Bologna, 
1494-1495;  was  ordered  by  Pope 
Julius  II  to  build  his  mausoleum  and 
later  to  adorn  the  Sistine  Chapel 
with  frescos;  worked  on  the  Vati- 
can; under  Clement  VII,  he  began 
to  build  the  library  and  chapel  of 
San  Lorenzo  at  Florence;  was  ap- 
pointed architect  of  Saint  Peter's 
Church,  1546,  and  devoted  the  rest 
of  his  life  to  this  work;  completed 


the  Farnese  palace,  and  erected 
some  .buildings  on  the  Capitoline 
Hill,  Rome;  died  in  Rome,  February 
18,  1563 

His  effect  on  the  Renaissance,  4, 
284;  reaches  the  height  of  his  fame, 
296 
Buonas,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1336), 

13,  373 

Buonhomo  (ca.  1580),  Italian  prelate: 
his  mission  to  Switzerland,  13,  457 

Buquoi  (Bucquoi),  Count  of  (ca.  1600), 
Spanish  soldier:  his  campaign  in  the 
Netherlands,  13,  182;  his  campaign 
in  Bohemia,  17,  203 

Burchard  Episode,  in  the  Blaine  cam- 
paign (1884),  24,  946 

Burdett,  Sir  Francis  (1770-1844),  an 
English  politician:  his  reform  pro- 
posals, 11,  583 

Bureau  of  Indian  Affairs:  see  Indian 
Affairs,  Bureau  of 

Burgesses,  House  of  (Virginia  As- 
sembly) :  first  legislature  in  Amer- 
ica, 23,  62;  condition  under  Berke- 
ley, 64;  first  summoned,  120;  op- 
poses Stamp  Act,  211;  appoints  a 
committee  of  correspondence,  217 

Burgevine  (ca.  i860),  American  ad- 
venturer: in  China,  6,  195 

Burgh,  Hubert  de  (d.  1243),  English 
statesman:  defends  Dover  Castle, 
11,  129;  sends  out  fleet  which  de- 
feats French,  130;  dismissed  from 
office  and  arrested,  131 

Burgh,  Walter  Herssey  (ca.  1780), 
Irish  politician:  proposes  the  free 
trade  bill,  12,  183 

Burgisser,  Leodegar,  Abbot  of  Tog- 
genburg  (ca.  1700),  Swiss  prelate: 
sketch  of,  13,  479 

Burgo,  Richard  de  (d.  1243),  Irish 
baron:  his  campaign  against  Ed- 
ward Bruce,  12,  59 

Burgo,  William  de  (ca.  1170),  English 
governor  in  Ireland:  appointed  vice- 
roy of  Ireland,  12,  53 

Burgos,  Spain:  battles  of  (1054),  8, 
141;  (1808),  9,  334 

Burgoyne,  John  (1722-1792),  an  Eng- 
lish soldier  and  dramatist:  cam- 
paigns in  Spain,  8,  473;  in  America, 
11,  517;  arrives  at  Boston,  23,  231; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


125 


captures  Ticonderoga,  252;  at  battle 
of  Saratoga,  12,  181,  •  20,  128,  23, 
255;  surrenders,  23,  256 

Burgundians  (Burgundiones),  a  Ger- 
manic tribe:  settle  in  Transylvania 
and  Hungary,  17,  14;  location  of, 
18,  6;  migration  of,  28;  defeated  by 
Clovis,  47 

Burgundy,  a  province  of  western  Eu- 
rope: incorporated  in  the  Frankish 
Kingdom,  18,  48;  formation  of  king- 
dom of  the,  98;  attached  to  the  em- 
pire, 126;  independent  of  Germany, 
139;  account  of,  216 

Burgundy,  House  of:  power  of,  13,  36 

Burgundy,  John  the  Fearless,  Duke 
of:  see  John  the  Fearless,  Duke  of 
Burgundy 

Burgundy,  Philip  the  Bold,  Duke  of: 
see  Philip  the  Bold,  Duke  of  Bur- 
gundy 

Burial  Customs:  in  ancient  Ireland, 
12,  10;  among  Indians,  23,  10 

Buriana,  Spain:  siege  of  (1233),  8, 
241 

Buridan  of  Ypres  (d.  ca.  1384),  a 
Flemish  Knight:  at  battle  of  Bou- 
vines,  13,  29 

Burke  (d.  1882),  an  official  of  Dublin 
Castle:  murder  of,  12,  239 

Burke,  Edmund,  a  British  statesman, 
orator  and  writer  called  the  Din- 
ner Bell:  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland, 
January  1,  1729  (O.  S.);  graduated 
at  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  1748; 
studied  law  at  the  Middle  Temple, 
London,  1748-1751;  elected  to  Par- 
liament, 1766;  appointed  agent  of 
the  Colony  of  New  York,  1771; 
made  his  speech  on  "  American 
Taxation,"  1774;  the  one  on  "  Con- 
ciliation," 1775;  and  that  "On  the 
Economical  Reform,"  1780;  was  a 
privy-councilor  and  paymaster-gen- 
eral, 1782-1783;  conducted  the  im- 
peachment of  Warren  Hastings, 
1786-1795;  received  a  pension  from 
the  king,  1795;  died  July  9,  1797 

Supports  repeal  of  Stamp  Act,  II, 
509,  23,  214;  proposes  reforms  in 
Parliament,  11,  519;  denounces 
French  Revolution,  540;  opposes 
Irish    policy    of    the    English    Gov- 


ernment, 12,  181;  speech  in  behalf 
of  rights  of  colonists,  23,  213 

Burke,  Mac  William  (ca.  1540),  Earl 
of  Clanrickard:  made  Earl,  13,  83 

Burkhard,  Duke  of  Suabia,  917  A.  D.: 
founds  dukedom,  13,  342;  acknowl- 
edges Henry  I,  18,  105;  his  cam- 
paign in  Italy,  114 

Burkhard  (d.  907  A.  D.),  Duke  of 
Thuringia:  death  of,  18,  100 

Burlingame,  Anson  (1820- 1870),  an 
American  diplomat  and  politician: 
negotiates  treaty  with  China,  6,  221, 
24,  919 

Burlington,  New  Jersey:  settled,  23, 
109 

Burma,  Asia,  part  of  British  Empire: 
description  of,  5,  16,  210;  Buddhism 
in,  65;  ceded  to  England,  6,  252,  20, 
251 

Burmese  War,  First,  a  war  between 
England  and  Burma  (1824-1826): 
cause,  5,  210;  Treaty  of  Yandabu, 
212;  results,  212 

Burmese  War,  Second,  a  war  between 
England  and  Burma  (1852):  cause, 
5,  226;  results,  227 

Burnes,  Sir  Alexander  (1805-1841),  a 
British  geographer  and  traveller  in 
Asia:  his  mission  to  Afghanistan,  5, 
216;  assassination  of,  217 

Burnet,  Gilbert  (1643-1715),  Bishop 
of  Salisbury,  an  English  prelate, 
historian  and  theologian:  leads 
English  malcontents,  13,  243; 
quoted,  15,  35 

Burnett,  David  G.,  an  American  poli- 
tician: elected  president  of  Texas 
(1832),  24,  534 

Burnonville,  Duke  of  (ca.  1633),  a  Bel- 
gian conspirator:  plots  for  over- 
throw of  Spanish  power  in  Belgium, 
13,  211 

Burns,  Robert  (1759-1796),  a  famous 
Scottish  lyric  poet:  sketch  of,  11, 
576 

Burnside,  Ambrose  Everett,  an  Ameri- 
can military  officer  and  politician: 
born  in  Liberty,  Ind.,  May  23,  1824: 
graduated  at  West  Point,  1847; 
served  in  the  war  with  Mexico  as  a 
lieutenant  of  artillery,  1847-1848;  on 
frontier  duty  in  New  Mexico,  1849- 


126 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


1850;  member  of  Mexican  Boundary 
Commission,  1851-1852;  manufac- 
turer at  Bristol,  R.  I.,  of  a  breech- 
loading  rifle  which  he  had  invented, 
1853-1858;  cashier  of  land  depart- 
ment Illinois  Central  Railroad,  1858- 
1859;  treasurer  of  the  same  com- 
pany, 1860-1861;  served  as  colonel 
of  the  Rhode  Island  volunteers, 
1861;  appointed  brigadier-general 
U.  S.  volunteers,  1861;  and  ma- 
jor-general, 1862;  was  in  com- 
mand of  the  department  of  North 
Carolina,  1862;  in  command  of 
Ninth  Army  Corps  at  Newport 
News  and  Fredericksburg,  1862;  in 
command  of  the  Army  of  the  Po- 
tomac, November  7,  1862  to  Jan- 
uary 28,  1863;  in  command  of  the 
department  of  Ohio,  1863;  in  com- 
mand of  Ninth  Army  Corps  in  Rich- 
mond campaign,  1864;  resigned  from 
volunteer  service,  April  15,  1865; 
civil  engineer,  1865-1866;  president 
of  Cincinnati  and  Martinville  Rail- 
road Company,  1865,  of  Rhode  Is- 
land Locomotive  Works,  1866,  and 
of  the  Indianapolis  and  Vincenne. 
Railroad  Company,  1867;  Governor 
of  Rhode  Island,  1866-1869;  United 
States  senator,  1875-1881;  died  in 
Bristol,  R.  I.,  September  13,  1881 

Succeeds  McClellan,  24,  766,  769 
sketch  of,  769;  resigns,  770;  at- 
tacked at  Knoxville,  785;  orders  ar- 
rest of  Vallandigham,  816 
Burr,  Aaron  (1756-1836),  an  American 
politician:  candidate  for  Vice-Presi- 
dent (1792),  23,  357;  (1796),  370; 

(1800),  381;  schemes  for  Presidency 
382;  nominated  governor,  402;  duel 
with  Hamilton,  402;   conspiracy  of 

403 

Burra-Burra  Mines,  Australia:  discov- 
ered (1845),  20,  195 

Burrhus,  Afranius  (d.  63  A.D.),  a  Ro- 
man officer:  maintains  claims  of 
Nero  to  the  throne,  4,  62;  death,  64 

Burrough,  Stephen  (ca.  1550),  English 
navigator:  explorations  of,  16,  301 

Burton,  Henry  (1579-1648),  English 
theologian:  trial  of,  11,  333 


Burton,  Sir  Richard  Francis  (1821- 
1890),  noted  English  explorer  and 
writer:  arouses  an  interest  in  Africa, 

19.  59 

Busaco,  Portugal:  battle  of  (1810),  8, 
486,  9,  338 

Busacz,  Peace  of,  concluded  between 
Poland  and  Turkey  (1672),  14,  245 

Busby,  James  (ca.  1825),  British  ad- 
ministrator: appointed  resident  mag- 
istrate in  New  Zealand,  20,  211 

Bush,  Elise  (ca.  1650),  Russian  ex- 
plorer: explorations  of,  16,  305 

Bushire,  southern  Persia:  stormed 
(1856),  5,  363 

Bushiri  ben  Salim  (d.  1889),  a  mulatto 
Arab  of  East  Africa:  leads  insurrec- 
tion, 19,  140;  death  of,  141 

Bussorah:  see  Bassora 

Bustamante  (ca.  i860),  statesman  of 
Ecuador:  policy  of,  21,  115 

Bustamante,  Anastasio  (1780-1853), 
Mexican  politician  and  soldier:  de- 
clared Vice-President  of  Mexico,  22, 
268;  leads  revolt,  269;  crushes  re- 
bellion in  Guanajuato,  380 

Bustamante,  Carlos  Maria  (1774- 
1848),  Mexican  statesman  and  his- 
torian: work  of,  22,  219 

Bustos  (ca.  1825),  politician  of  Argen- 
tine Republic:  opposes  Rivadavia, 
21,  121 

Butcher,  The  Bloody:  see  Cumber- 
land, Augustus,  Duke  of 

Butcher,  The  Royal:  see  Henry  VIII, 
King  of  England 

Butcher  of  Vassy,  The:  see  Guise, 
Frangois,  Duke  of 

Butcher's  Dog,  The:  see  Wolsey, 
Thomas 

Butchery  of  Eperies  (1687),  to  bring 
Hungary  under  submission  to  Leo- 
pold of  Germany,  17,  230 

Bute,  John  Stuart,  Earl  of  (1713-1792), 
British  statesman:  ministry  of,  n, 
505,  15,  149;  resigns,  11,  506 

Buteniev  (ca.  1830),  Russian  ambassa- 
dor to  Turkey:  the  sultan  appeals 
to,  15,  290 

Butler  (ca.  1850),  English  adventurer: 
aids  Turkey,  15,  309 

Butler,   Andrew   Pickens    (1796-1857), 


GENERAL    INDEX 


127 


an  American  politician:  Sumner 
criticises,  24,  650 

Butler,  Benjamin  Franklin  (1818- 
1893),  American  lawyer,  politician 
and  general:  at  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
24,  734J  takes  possession  of  New 
Orleans,  752;  at  Fort  Fisher,  808; 
at  trial  of  President  Johnson,  852; 
nominated  for  President  (1884), 
946 

Butler,  Sir  Edmond  (ca.  1300),  Anglo- 
Irish  nobleman:  lord  justice  of  Ire- 
land, 12,  59 

Butler,  John  (d.  1794),  American  Tory 
commander:  at  massacre  of  Wyo- 
ming Valley,  23,  296 

Butler,  Joseph  (1692-1752),  English 
prelate  and  theologian:  publishes  his 
"  Analogy,"  11,  493 

Butler,  Matthew  Calbraith  (1836 ), 

American  general  and  senator: 
member  of  Spanish-American  com- 
mission, 22,  463 

Butler,  Pierce  (1798-1847),  American 
statesman:  in  first  Congress,  23,  343 

Butler,  Samuel  (1612-1680),  English 
poet:  sketch  of,  II,  391 

Butler,  Simon  (ca.  1790),  Irish  politi- 
cian: member  of  the  United  Irish- 
men, 12,  201 

Butler,  Walter  (ca.  1780),  Tory  com- 
mander: permits  massacre  of  Cherry 
Valley,  23,  297 

Butler,  William  Orlando  (1791-1880), 
American  general  and  politician:  in 
the  Mexican  War,  22,  292 

Butt,  Isaac  (1813-1879),  Irish  lawyer 
and  politician:  becomes  leader  of 
Constitutional  party,  12,  236 

Button,  Sir  Thomas  (d.  1634),  English 
navigator:  explorations  of,  16,  304 

Buturlin,  General  (ca.  1700),  Russian 
commander:  at  Narva,  15,  39;  in  the 
Seven  Years'  War,  18,  342 

Buwayid  Dynasty  in  Persia  (ca.  900 
A.D.):  reign  of,  5,  328 

Buxhovden,  Friedrich  Wilhelm,  Count 
von  (1750-1811),  Russian  general: 
his  campaign  against  Russia,  15,  216 

Buxton,  Sir  Thomas  Fowell  (1786- 
1845),  English  philanthropist:  agi- 
tates slavery  question,  11,  592 

Buzot,  Francois  Nicolas  Leonard 
(1760-1794),    French    Girondist:    in- 


cites   insurrection    in    the    depart- 
ments, 9,  284;  demands  trial  of  king, 

10,  141;  death  of,  280 

Byles,  Mather  (1 706-1 777),  American 
clergyman  and  poet:  notable  divine, 
23,  139 

Bylot,  Robert  (ca.  1600),  English  ex- 
plorer: explorations  of,  16,  304 

Byng,  John  (1704-1757),  British  ad- 
miral: defeats  Spanish  off  the  Sici- 
lian coast,  8,  406;  in  the  Seven 
Years'  War,  9,  244;  fails  to  relieve 
Minorca,  11,  496;  his  campaign 
against  the  French,  13,  250;  death 
of,  11,  498 

Byrd,  William  (1 674-1 744),  American 
lawyer:  his  diary,  23,  143 

Byron,  George  Noel  Gordon,  Lord,  an 
English  poet:  born  in  London,  Jan- 
uary 22,  1788;  lived  in  Scotland, 
1791-1798;  became  the  sixth  Lord 
Byron,  1798;  was  educated  at  Har- 
row and  at  Cambridge;  traveled  in 
Spain,  Portugal,  European  Turkey 
and  Greece,  1809-1811;  married  Miss 
Isabella  Millbanke,  January  2,  1815, 
who  left  him  after  the  birth  of  a 
daughter;  lived  in  Italy,  1816-1823, 
but  took  an  active  interest  in  the 
Grecian  struggles;  joined  the  Greek 
forces  at  Cephalonia,  1823;  became 
commander-in-chief  of  forces  at 
Missolonghi,  1824;  died  April  19, 
1824 
At  Missolonghi,  2,  542;  sketch  of, 

11,  577 

Byzantine  Empire,  the  eastern  divi- 
sion of  the  Roman  Empire,  and 
after  476  A.D.  the  Roman  Empire 
itself:  breaking  up  of,  2,  535;  its 
struggle  against  Arab  and  Turk, 
14,  4;  see  also  Rome 

Byzantium,  European  Turkey:  site 
fixed  by  oracle  of  Delphi,  2,  44; 
founded,  82;  taken  by  Pausanias, 
222;  revolts  against  Athens,  and  is 
retaken,  260-261;  second  revolt  from 
Athens,  363;  retaken,  367;  joins  the 
Athenian  League,  429;  engages  in 
the  Social  War,  454;  besieged  by 
Philip,  473;  relieved  by  Phocion, 
474;  rise  of,  513;  made  capital  by 
Constantine,  526;  siege  of,  4,  120; 
see  also  Constantinople 


c 


Caamano,     Placido      (1838 ),     an 

Ecuadorian  statesman:  administra- 
tion of,  as  ruler  of  Ecuador,  31, 
244 

Cabal  (d.  1816),  a  South  American  pa- 
triot: death  of,  31,  65 

Caballero,  president  of  Paraguay, 
1881-1886:  rule  of,  31,  260 

Cabanas,   Cuba:   battle  of   (1898),  22, 

459 
Cabanis  (ca.  1800),  a  French  senator: 

opposes  Napoleon,  9,  319 
Cabinda,  West  Africa:  plundered  and 

destroyed  (1723),  19,  36 
Cabinet,    United    States:    origin,    23, 

345 

Caboche,  John  (ca.  1410),  leader  of  a 
corps  of  butchers  in  the  service  of 
John  of  Burgundy,  9,  ill 

Cabot,  George  (1751-1823),  an  Amer- 
ican politician:  member  of  Massa- 
chusetts ratifying  convention,  23, 
336;  first  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
375;  president  of  the  Hartford  con- 
vention, 431 

Cabot,  John,  an  Italian  merchant  and 
navigator  in  the  English  service: 
date  of  birth  unknown,  but  he  was 
probably  a  native  of  Genoa;  became 
a  citizen  of  Venice,  1476,  after  a 
residence  of  fifteen  years;  after- 
wards he  moved  to  Bristol,  Eng- 
land; commanded  a  fleet  of  five  ves- 
sels in  a  search  for  the  Northwest 
Passage,  1497;  nothing  is  heard  of 
him  after  1498,  so  he  is  supposed  to 
have  died  about  that  time 

Searches  for  the  Northwest  Pas- 
sage, 5,  156;  voyages  of,  II,  230, 
20,  49,  31,  15,  23,  34,  35 

Cabot,  Sebastian,  an  English  naviga- 
tor of  Italian  parentage,  son  of 
John  Cabot:  born  in  Bristol,   Eng- 


land, 1477;  accompanied  his  father 
on  his  voyage  to  America,  1497;  vis- 
ited the  North  American  coast, 
1503;  searched  for  the  Northwest 
Passage,  1517;  entered  the  service  of 
Charles  V,  Holy  Roman  emperor, 
1518;  explored  the  Plata,  the  Parana, 
and  the  Paraguay  Rivers,  1526- 
1530;  returned  to  England,  1546, 
when  Edward  VI  granted  him  a 
pension;  he  was  influential  in  pro- 
moting English  commercial  enter- 
prises; died  in  London,  1557 

Searches  for  the  Northwest  Pas- 
sage, 5,  156;  his  expedition  to  the 
Arctic  regions,  16,  300;  explorations 
of,  19,  19,  21,  15,  23,  34;  later 
career,  23,  35;  enters  the  Spanish 
service,  20,  92 

Cabral,  Costa  (ca.  1847),  Count  of 
Thomar  and  president  of  Portu- 
guese cabinet:  desires  the  revival 
of  the  Oporto  charter,  8,  537 

Cabral,  Pedro  Alvares  (1460-1526),  a 
Portuguese  navigator:  his  voyage  to 
India,  5,  147;  discovers  Brazil,  8, 
326,  20,  43,  21,  15,  23,  43 

Cabrera,  Ladislas,  leader  of  the  Bo- 
livian troops:  at  the  battle  of  Ca- 
lama,  21,  234 

Cabrillo,  Juan  Rodriguez  (ca.  1542),  a 
Portuguese  explorer:  explorations 
of,  22,  109 

Cacina:  see  Caecina 

Cade,  Jack  (d.  1450),  leader  of  a  Kent- 
ish rebellion:  rebellion  of,  11,  209; 
death  of,  210 

Cadereita,  Mexico:  founded,  22,  163 

Cadesia,  Asiatic  Turkey:  battle  of 
(636  A.D.),  1,  260 

Cadiz  (Gades),  Spain:  founded,  I, 
118,  8,  12;  first  Phoenician  colony 
in    Spain,    3,    92;    admitted    to    full 


1  For  references  not  under  C,  look  under  K. 
128 


GENERAL    INDEX 


129 


rights  of  Roman  citizenship,  392; 
captured  by  the  Carthaginians,  8, 
13;  by  the  Romans,  18;  by  the  Eng- 
lish (1596),  11,  298;  by  the  allied 
forces  (1702),  8,  391;  by  the  Eng- 
lish and  Dutch,  13,  163;  siege  of 
(1810),  9,  337 

Cadmeia,  the  citadel  of  Thebes:  seized 
by  Phoebidas,  2,  422;  recovered,  425 

Cadmus,  the  legendary  founder  of 
Thebes:  legend,  2,  27 

Cadorna,  Raffaele  (1815-1897),  an 
Italian  general:  commands  forces 
against  Rome,  4,  394 

Cadoudal,  Georges  (1771-1804),  a 
French  Chouan  partisan  and  royal- 
ist conspirator:  capitulates,  9,  319; 
plots  against  Napoleon's  life,  321; 
principal  leader  of  the  Chouans,  10, 
375;  conspiracy  of,  455;  execution 
of,  455 

Caecilius,  Lucius  (d.  285  B.C.),  a  Ro- 
man praetor:  at  battle  of  Arretium, 

3,  75 

Caecina  Alienus,  Aulus  (d.  79  A.  D.), 
a  Roman  general:  finds  difficulty  in 
obtaining  permission  to  return  to 
Rome,  3,  366;  supports  claims  of 
Vitellius,  4,  71;  his  campaign  against 
the  Helvetians,  13,  331;  in  Germany, 
18,  20 

Caedmon  (d.  ca.  680  A.D.),  an  Anglo 
Saxon  poet:  his  poems,  11,  38 

Caedwalla,  King  of  Gwynneld,  ca.  628 
A.  D.:  joins  Penda,  11,  34;  downfall 
of,  35 

Caen,  France:  siege  of  (1417),  11,  199 

Caenza,  Spain:  siege  of  (1176),  8,  98 

Caepio,  Quintus  Servilius  (ca.  100  B. 
C),  Roman  consul,  106  B.  C. :  his 
campaign  in  Spain  (140  B.C.),  3,  162, 
attempts  to  transfer  the  courts  back 
to  the  senatorial  order  (106  B.C.), 
186;  at  battle  of  Arausio,  193;  op- 
poses the  passage  of  the  Appuleian 
laws,  200 

Caere,  Italy:  conquered  by  Rome,  3, 
60 

Caesar,  Caius  Julius,  a  Roman  soldier 
and  ruler,  called  The  Father  of  his 
Country:  born  in  Rome,  July  12,  100 
B.C.;  was  proscribed  for  refusing  to 
divorce   Cornelia,   daughter  of   Cin- 


na,  83  B.  C,  but  through  the  influ- 
ence of  friends  was  pardoned; 
served  in  the  army  in  Asia  Minor; 
returned  to  Rome  and  was  elected 
quaestor,  68  B.C.;  married  Pompeia, 
67  B.C.,  Cornelia  having  died  the 
year  before;  made  aedile,  65  B.  C, 
and  pontifex  maximus,  63  B.  C;  ac- 
cused of  being  connected  with  the 
Catilinian  conspiracy,  63  B.  C;  made 
praetor,  62  B.  C,  and  propraetor,  61  B. 
C,  serving  in  Spain;  elected  consul, 
60  B.  C;  formed  the  first  triumvirate 
with  Pompeius  and  Crassus,  60  B.C.; 
conducted  campaigns  in  Gaul  and 
Britain,  58-49  B.C.;  commenced  the 
civil  war,  49  B.C.;  was  dictator,  49- 
45  B.C.;  defeated  Pompeius  at  Phar- 
salia,  48  B.C.;  under  the  influence 
of  Cleopatra  of  Egypt,  48-47  B.C.; 
defeated  Pharnaces,  son  of  Mithra- 
dates  the  Great,  at  Zela,  46  B.C.; 
defeated  the  Pompeians  in  Africa  at 
Thapsus,  46  B.C.;  retimed  in  tri- 
umph to  Rome;  reformed  the  cal- 
endar, 46  B.C.;  offered  the  crown  on 
February  15,  44  B.C.,  but  refused 
it;  assassinated,  March  15,  44  B.C. 
Commissions  Aristobulus  to  drive 
partisans  of  Pompey  from  Syria,  1, 
408;  sketch  of,  3,  255,  362;  prose- 
cutes Doladella  and  Antonius,  266; 
supports  measures  proposed  against 
the  pirates,  270;  elected  pontifex 
maximus,  279;  restores  the  memory 
of  Marius  to  public  honor,  279;  at- 
tempts to  have  conquest  of  Egypt 
assigned  to  himself,  281;  responsible 
for  safety  of  Catilinarian  prisoners, 
283;  opposes  execution  of  prisoners, 
284;  concerned  in  conspiracy  of  Ca- 
tilina,  285;  suspended  from  office, 
287;  growth  of  his  power,  288; 
forms  the  second  coalition,  288; 
elected  consul  (59  B.C.),  289;  com- 
pared with  Pompeius,  311;  in  dis- 
favor at  Rome,  313;  conference  with 
Crassus  and  Pompeius  (56  B.C.), 
315;  breach  with  Pompeius,  325; 
candidate  for  consul  (48  B.  C),  329; 
recalled  by  senate,  331;  sends  his  ul- 
timatum to  the  senate,  332;  crosses 
the  Rubicon,  333;  resources  of,  334; 


ISO 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


campaigns  of,  in  East,  345;  in 
Egypt,  352;  in  Gaul,  3,  292,  9,  8,  11, 
6,  18,  10;  in  Britain,  II,  7;  in 
Spain,  3,  340,  8,  22;  in  the  Nether- 
lands, 13,  5;  reforms  of,  3,  364; 
powers  conferred  on,  367;  offered 
the  crown,  369;  rule  of,  370;  reor- 
ganizes the  army,  374;  his  reforms 
in  the  financial  system,  376;  his  re- 
forms in  the  city  of  Rome,  378;  his 
social  reorganization  of  Italy,  380; 
his  reforms  in  debt  laws,  386;  in- 
creases the  farming  class,  387;  his 
reforms  in  the  provinces,  388;  re- 
vises the  calendar,  395;  death,  4,  3 

Caesar,  Lucius  Julius,  Roman  consul 
90  B.  C:  author  of  the  Lex  Julia,  3, 
208;  death,  223 

Caesarea,  Palestine:  conquered  by 
Saracens,  1,  286 

Caesarea  Philippi:  see  Paneces 

Cassarion  or  Caesario  (Ptolemy  XVI), 
son  of  Cleopatra  and  Julius  Caesar: 
associated  with  Cleopatra  as  ruler 
of  Egypt,  1,  34;  recognized  by  An- 
tonius  as  son  and  heir  of  Julius 
Caesar,  4,  24 

Caesarius  (ca.  850  A.D.),  son  of  the 
Duke  of  Naples:  aids  Rome  against 
Saracens,  1,  356 

Cagigal,  Francisco  de  (ca.  1750), 
Spanish  courtier:  his  administration 
as  viceroy  of  New  Spain,  22,  200 

Cagliari,  Sardinia:  founded,  3,  92; 
siege  of  (1326),  8,  249 

Cagui  (ca.  1900),  Italian  explorer:  ex- 
plorations of,  16,  327 

Cahera  (ca.  1525),  German  priest:  ap- 
pointed administrator  of  the  church 
of  Tyn,  17,  150 

Cahina,  queen  of  the  Moors,  ca.  700 
A.  D.,  united  the  Moors  against  the 
Arabs,  1,  307 

Cahokia,  a  tribe  of  North  American 
Indians,  a  branch  of  the  Illinois:  in 
French  claims,  23,   168 

Cahors,  France:  taken  by  Henry  of 
Navarre,  9,  161 

Caillie,  Rene  (1799-1838),  French  trav- 
eller in  Central  Africa:  explorations 
of,  19,  42,  47 

"Cain  Patrick"  (438  A.D.),  a  code  of 
laws  free  from  pagan  customs  and 


ordinances  formulated  by  St.  Pat- 
rick and  a  Committee:  12,  29 

Cainos,  Francisco  (ca.  1525),  Spanish 
noble:  made  member  of  the  audien- 
cia,  22,  107 

Cairo,  Egypt,  called  the  City  of  Vic- 
tory: founded,  x,  35;  growth  of,  36; 
taken  by  Selim  I  of  Turkey,  14,  131 

Cairoan,  Northern  Africa;  founded,  1, 
306 

Caisse  Patriotique,  French  national 
bank:  established,  10,  107 

Cajetan  (Cajetanus),  Tommasso  di 
Vio  (1469-1534),  Italian  cardinal  and 
scholar:  his  relations  with  Luther, 
4,  300,  18,  236 

Calah  (Nimrud),  Assyria:  location  of, 

I,  64 

Calais,  France:  sieges  of  (1346),  9,  95, 

II,  162,  13,  34;  (1558),  9,  148,  11, 
275,  13,  70;  (1596),  13,  163 

Calama,    Bolivia:    occupied    by    Chili 

(1879),  21,  234;  battle  of  (1879),  234 
Calat    Afiosor    (Calatanazar),    Spain: 

battle  of  (1001),  8,  78 
Calatrava,  Spain:  battle  of  (736  A.D.), 

8,  66;  siege  of  (1212),  100 
Calcinato,   Italy:   battle   of   (1706),   9, 

222 
Calcutta,    British    India:    founded,    5, 

166 
Calcutta,  Black  Hole  of,  military  jail 

of  Fort  William:  tragedy  of,  5,  182 
Caldas,  Francisco  Jose  de  (1771-1816), 

Colombian  naturalist:  death  of,  21, 

65 
Calder,  Sir  Robert  (1745-1818),  British 

admiral:  at  battle  of  Ferrol,  9,  325; 

at  battle  of  Bay  of  Biscay,  II,  556 
Caldera,    Chili:    declared    to    be    in    a 

state  of  blockade  (1865),  21,  221 
Calderan,  Persia;  battle  of,  14,  125 
Calderon,  Rodrigo  (ca.  1600),  Spanish 

adventurer:  administration  of,  8,  374 
Calderon,  Bridge  of,  Mexico:  battle  of 

(181 1),  22.  239 
Caldiero,   Italy:   battles   of    (1796),   9, 

301;  (1805),  326 
Calendars : 

ASSYRIA:   system   of  eponyms,   I, 

72 

BABYLON:    division    of   time    into 

years,  months,  days,  1,  72 


GENERAL    INDEX 


131 


CHINA:    Pere   Verbiest's   calendar, 

6,  62 

EGYPT:  calendar  by  astronomy,  1, 

52 

FRANCE:    republican    calendar,    9, 

288,  10,  281;   Gregorian,  9,  327 

GREECE:  the  "Olympiad,"  2,  42 

INDIA:  calendar  by  astronomy,  5, 

47 

ITALY:  Gregorian  calendar,  4,  313 
MEXICO:  Aztec  Calendar  Stone, 
22,  95 

PERSIA:  calendar  of  Omar,  5,  333 
ROME:  Julian  calendar,  3,  395 
Calhoun,  John  Caldwell,  an  Ameri- 
can statesman:  born  in  Abbeville 
District,  S.  C,  March  18,  1782; 
graduated  from  Yale  College,  1804; 
studied  at  the  Litchfield  (Conn.) 
Law  School  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  1807;  member  of  Congress, 
1811-1817;  Secretary  of  War,  1817- 
1825;  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  1825-1832;  United  States 
senator,  1832-1843;  Secretary  of 
State,  1844-1845;  member  of  the 
Senate  from  1845  to  his  death  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  March  31,  1850; 
he  was  always  an  advocate  of  the 
slavery  principles  and  was  the  au- 
thor of  the  doctrine  of  nullification 
In  congress,  23,  417;  advocates 
tariff  for  the  South,  438;  favors  in- 
ternal improvements,  441;  Secre- 
tary of  War,  460;  candidate  for  Vice- 
President,  461;  compared  with  Clay, 
461;  feud  with  Jackson,  462;  elected 
Vice-President,  463;  becomes  advo- 
cate of  free  trade,  472;  argues  state 
sovereignty,  473;  author  of  doctrine 
of  nullification,  491;  incurs  enmity 
of  Jackson,  493;  loses  renomination 
for  Vice-President,  498;  Secretary  of 
State,  24,  535;  opposes  Mexican 
War,  548,  554;  introduces  bill  for 
prohibiting  circulation  of  abolition 
literature,  577;  quoted  on  necessity 
for  slavery,  591;  introduces  his  fa- 
mous resolutions,  595;  summary  of 
his  career,  603;  his  last  speech  in 
Congress,  603;  death,  605;  refused 
to    recognize    anti-slavery    senators, 


608;  advised  Mississippi  to  call  a 
Southern  convention,  610 

Calib  ben  Omar  (ca.  880  A.  D.), 
Moorish  chief:  at  war  with  Almond- 
hir,  8,  75 

Calicut,  British  India:  taken  by  the 
Dutch,  20,  61;  first  European  fac- 
tory founded  at,  23,  25 

California  (means  hot  furnace  and 
called  the  Golden  State),  one  of  the 
Pacific  states  of  the  United  States: 
visited  by  the  followers  of  Cortez, 
22,  62;  exploration  of,  73,  137;  set- 
tlement of,  183;  revolutionary  gov- 
ernment established,  300;  Sloat  and 
Stockton  ordered  to  seize,  24,  548; 
acquisition  of,  549;  ceded  to  the 
United  States,  552;  discovery  of 
gold,  595;  constitution  adopted,  598; 
recommended  for  admission,  598; 
admission  proposed  in  compromise 
of  1850,  601;  admission  to  the  Union, 
609;  Presidential  election  of  1856; 
656;  sends  aid  to  the  Sanitary  Com- 
mission, 825;  question  of  negro  suf- 
frage, 858;  Presidential  election  of 
1868,  861;  influx  of  Chinese  labor, 
919;  Kearneyism,  920;  Presidential 
election  of  1880,  931;  furnishes  arms 
to  Chilian  insurgents,  978;  Presiden- 
tial election  of  1892,  992 

Caligula,  Caius  (12-41  A.D.),  Emperor 
of  Rome,  37-41  A.D.:  orders  his 
image  set  up  in  temple  at  Jeru- 
salem, 1,  410;  character  of,  4,  53; 
reign  of,  55;  death,  58;  condition  of 
Spain  under,  8,  25 

Calixtines,  The,  a  sect  of  Hussites  in 
Bohemia:  sketch  of,  18,  207 

Calixtus  II  (d.  1124),  Pope,  1119-1124: 
pontificate  of,  18,  141 

Calixtus  III,  anti-Pope,  1164:  elected 
by   Frederick  Barbarossa,  11,   102 

Calixtus  III  (1378-1458),  Pope,  1455- 
1458:  aids  Hunyady,  14,  83 

Callan,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1261),  12, 
58 

Callander,  James  T.  (d.  1803),  a 
Scotch  editor  in  America:  prose- 
cuted, 23,  377 

Callao,  Peru:  surrendered  to  the  revo- 
lutionists,  21,   73;   rising  in    (1835), 


132 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


195;  breakwater  and  jetty  built,  203; 

bombarded   (1866),  207 
Callao,    Treaty   of,    a    peace    between 

Spain  and  Peru  (1865),  21,  204,  220 
Calleja,    Felix    Maria    (1 750-1 820),    a 

Spanish    general:    crushes    rebellion 

of  Hidalgo,  22,  238;   made  viceroy 

of  New  Spain,  245 
Callender,  Franklin  D.  (ca.   1840),  an 

American   lieutenant:   in  the   Mexi- 
can War,  22,  345 
Callias,    an    Athenian   ambassador    to 

Sparta,  371  B.C.,  2,  250 
Callias  of  Chalcis  (ca.  340  B.  C),  ally 

of  Demosthenes,  2,  473 
Callibius    (ca.    400    B.C.),    a    Spartan 

Harmost:     aids     "the     Thirty"    at 

Athens,  2,  384 
Callicratidas  (d.  406  B.C.),  a  Spartan 

commander:    in    the    Peloponnesian 

War,    2,    370;    killed   at    Arginusae, 

372 
Callimachus,  an  Athenian  polemarch: 

at  Marathon   (490  B.C.),  2,  166,  168 
Callinicus  (ca.  670  A.D.),  an  Egyptian 

architect:    teaches    the    Greeks    to 

make  "  Greek  fire,"  332 
Callippus  (4th  century  B.C.),  a  Greek 

astronomer:    murders    Dion,   2,   416 
Callixenus      (4th     century     B.C.),     a 

Greek    demagogue:    impeaches    the 

strategi,  2,  374 
Calmar,   Sweden:   taken  by   Gustavus 

Vasa     (1523),     16,     154;     siege     of 

(1611),  176 
Calmar,    Union    of:    a    union    of    the 

Kingdoms  of  Sweden,  Norway  and 

Denmark   (1397),   16,   122 
Calmar   Recess   of   1483,    a   document 

declaring  every  man  king  of  his  own 

dependents,  16,  144 
Calmar    War,    The:    a    war    between 

Sweden   and    Denmark    (1611-1612), 

16,  174;  results,  176 
Calmucks,   a  branch  of  the   Mongoli- 
ans: migrate  from  Russia,  14,  338 
Calonne,  Charles  Alexandre  de  (1734- 

1802),    a     French    politician:    made 

minister  of  finance,  9,  257,   10,  31; 

joins  royal  exiles,  10,  ^2. 
Calpulalpam,  Mexico:  battle  of  (i860), 

22,  383 


Calpurnia,  wife  of  Caesar:  gives  Cae- 
sar's will  and  treasures  to  Antonius, 
4,  6 

Calvados,  France:  insurrection  in,  10, 
269;  suppressed,  274 

Calven,  Switzerland:  battle  of  the 
(1499),  13,  419 

Calvert,  Charles:  see  Baltimore, 
Charles  Calvert,  Lord 

Calvert,  George:  see  Baltimore, 
George  Calvert,  Lord 

Calvert,  Leonard  (1606-1647),  English 
colonizer:  the  first  governor  of 
Maryland,  23,  69 

Calvin,  John  (originally,  Jean  Chauvin 
or  Cauvin  or  Caulvin),  a  French 
Protestant  reformer  and  theolo- 
gian, called  the  Reform  Pope:  born 
at  Moyon,  Picardy,  France,  July  10, 
1509;  was  destined  for  the  priest- 
hood and  studied  at  Paris,  Orleans, 
and  Bourges;  met  in  1528  Melchior 
Wolman,  a  learned  German  Luth- 
eran, who  taught  him  Greek  and  in- 
troduced him  to  the  Gospel;  obliged 
to  flee  from  Paris,  1533  and  1534, 
because  of  his  writings;  lived  in 
Basel,  IS3S-IS36;  published  his  "  In- 
stitutes," 1536;  fled  to  Geneva,  1536; 
was  banished  from  there,  1538,  but 
returned  again,  1541,  and  was  an 
active  worker  from  then  until  his 
death  in  that  city,  May  27,  1564 

Teachings  of,  11,  276;   sketch  of, 
13,  448;  death  of,  450 

Calvinist  of  Rosny,  The  Iron:  see 
Sully,  Maximilien  de  Bethune,  Duke 
of 

Calvinists,  followers  of  John  Calvin: 
sketch  of,  13,  91;  in  Denmark,  16, 
197;  in  Germany,  18,  259,  265,  293 

Calvinus,  Cneius  Domitius,  Caesar's 
lieutenant  in  Pontus,  48  B.C.:  at 
battle  of  Nicopolis,  3,  354 

Calvus,  Gaius  Licinius  (82-47  B.C.), 
a  Roman  poet  and  forensic  orator: 
orations  of,  3,  319 

Cam,  Diogo  (15th  century),  a  Portu- 
guese navigator:  explorations  of,  19, 
18,  23,  25 

Cam,  Jayme  (ca.  1480),  a  Portuguese 
explorer:  explorations  of,  8,  323 


GENERAL    INDEX 


133 


Camarina,  Sicily:  taken  by  Gelo,  2, 
217;  restored,  220;  taken  by  the 
Carthaginians,  412 

Cambaceres,   Jean   Jacques   Regis   de 
(1753-1824),  a  French  statesman  and 
jurist:     appointed     consul,     9,     315 
made  arch-chancellor  of  the  empire 
322 

Cambodia,  Asia:  under  French  pro- 
tection, 20,  273 

Cambon,  Jules    (1845 ),   a   French 

official:  his  administration  of  Tunis 
affairs,  19,  262;  Spanish  government 
makes  overtures  of  peace  through, 
24,  103 1 

Cambon,  Pierre  Joseph  (1754-1820),  a 
French  revolutionist:  made  member 
of  the  committee  of  safety,  9,  285 

Cambrai    (Cambray),    France:    sieges 
of     (1581),     13,     136;     (i595),     162 
(1677),  241;   (1794),  9,  289 

Cambrai,   League   of,    an   alliance   be 
tween  Louis  XII  of  France,  the  em- 
peror   Maximilian    I,    Ferdinand    of 
Spain  and  Pope  Julius  II  (1508),  9, 
134,  13,  53,  18,  227 

Cambray,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  negoti- 
ated between  Francis  I  and  Charles 
V  (1529),  4,  292,  9,  141,  13,  56,  18 
246 

Cambrensis,  Geraldus  (ca.  1180),  a 
Welsh  priest:  quoted  on  the  Irisl. 
harpers,  12,  9;  secretary  to  John  of 
England,  54 

Cambridge,  Massachusetts:  first  print- 
ing press  in  America  in,  23,  143 

Cambridge,  George  William  Frederick 

Charles,    Duke    of    (1819 ),    an 

English  general:  in  the  Crimean 
War,   15,  311 

Cambridge  Elm,  the  tree  undei 
which  Washington  took  command 
of  the  Continental  troops,  23,  234 

Cambyses  (Kambyses)  II  or  III 
King  of  Persia,  529-522  B.  C. :  reign 
of,  I,  162;  conquers  Egypt,  I,  32,  2 
127;  death  of,  2,  128 

Camden,  South  Carolina:  battle  of 
(1780),  23,  274 

Camden,  Earl  of:  see  Pratt,  Charles 
Earl  of  Camden 

Camden,  Marquis  of:  see  Pratt,  John 
Jeffries 


Camel,  Day  of  the,  1,  246 

Cameran  (ca.  1654),  a  Brazilian  In- 
dian: leads  rebellion  against  foreign 
rule  in  Brazil,  21,  33 

Cameron,   James   Donald    (1833 ), 

an  American  politician:  member  of 
the  Senate,  24,  916;  urges  Grant  for 
third  term,  925 

Cameron,  Richard  (d.  1680),  a  Scotch 
Presbyterian  minister:  leader  of  the 
Cameronians,  12,  348 

Cameron,  Simon  (1799-1889),  an 
American  politician:  in  Republican 
convention,  24,  680;  Lincoln's  Sec- 
retary of  War,  708;  hostile  to  Hayes, 
915 

Cameron,  Verney  Lovett  (1844-1894), 
an  English  explorer:  his  exploration 
of  Africa,  19,  59 

Cameroons  (Kamerun),  The,  Western 
Africa:  annexed  by  Germany,  19, 
113;  made  a  crown  colony,  177; 
condition  of,  179;  description  of,  20, 
300 

Camorra,  The,  Neapolitan  secret  so- 
ciety of  the  criminal  poor,  4,  403 

Camp  Jackson,  Missouri:  captured  by 
Unionists,  24,  721 

Campaigns,  Political,  in  the  United 
States:  1840,  24,  522;  1845,  536;  1852, 
621;  1856,  654;  i860,  683;  1866  (Con- 
gressional), 845;  1872,  893;  1884, 
946;  1888,  966;  1892,  991;  1896,  1011, 
1015;  1900,  1038;  1904,  1071 

Campania,  Italy:  location,  3,  4;  in 
Rome's  hands,  70 

Campbell,  Archibald,  Marquis  of  Ar- 
gyle:  see  Argyle,  Archibald  Camp- 
bell, Marquis  of 

Campbell,  Colin,  Baron  Clyde  (1792- 
1863),  British  field-marshal:  his 
campaign  in  Oudh,  5,  237,  238;  in 
the  Crimean  War,  15,  311;  his  ad- 
ministration as  governor  of  New 
Brunswick,  20,   163 

Campbell,  George  Douglas,  Duke  of 
Argyll  (1823-1900),  Scottish  states- 
man and  writer:  sketch  of,  5,  252 

Campbell,    Josiah    A.    P.    (1830 ), 

American  jurist:  mediator  between 
Lincoln  and  Southern  committee, 
24,  709;  in  Hampton  Roads  Confer- 
ence, 809 


134 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Campbell,  William  (1745-1781),  Amer- 
ican soldier:  captures  Augusta,  Ga., 
23,  272;  at  battle  of  King's  Moun- 
tain, 279 

Campeche,  Mexico:   founded,  23,  425 

Campeggio,  Lorenzo  (1472-1539),  Ital- 
ian cardinal:  illustrious  scholar,  4, 
299;  papal  legate  to  England,  II, 
246 

Camperdown,  Netherlands:  battle  of 
(1797),  11,  548,  12,  208,  13,  266 

Camperdown,  Adam  Duncan,  Vis- 
count: see  Duncan,  Adam,  Viscount 
Camperdown 

Campero,  Narciso  (1815 ),  Bo- 
livian soldier  and  statesman:  made 
president  of  Bolivia,  21,  236 

Campion,  Edmund  (1540-1581),  Eng- 
lish Jesuit  and  scholar:  executed,  11, 
292 

Campo  Basso,  Count  of  (ca.  1477), 
Neapolitan  military  adventurer: 
treachery  of,  13,  48 

Campoformio,  Treaty  of,  concluded 
between  France  and  Austria  (1797), 
4,  344,  9,  303,  10,  395,  11,  548,  13, 
264,  14,  384,  17,  283,  18,  361 

Campos,  Arsenio  Martinez  (1834- 
1900),  Spanish  general:  Cuban  gov- 
ernor, 22,  455,  24,   1022 

Camulodunum,  England:  founded  by 
Romans,  11,  9;  massacre  of  Romans 
at,  10;  see  also  Colchester 

Camus,  Armand  Gaston  (1 740-1 804), 
French  revolutionist:  at  the  meeting 
of  the  Assembly  (1879),  10,  53;  pre- 
sents the  book  of  the  constitution 
to  the  national  assembly,   151 

Canaan,  Palestine:  origin  of  the  name, 
I,  117;  history  of,  374 

Canada,  confederation  of  provinces  in 
British  North  America:  union  of, 
*I>  5955  organization  of  government 
of,  629;  work  of  the  Jesuits  in,  20, 
97;  ceded  to  England,  20,  120,  23, 
198;  effect  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion on,  20,  131;  English  rule  in,  149; 
trade  thrown  open  to  the  world,  159; 
invaded  by  American  troops  (1775), 
23,  234;  fugitive  slaves  trans- 
ported to,  24,  672;  interferes  in  seal 
fisheries    regulations,    979;    Alaskan 


boundary    dispute,     1054;     see    also 
New  France 
Canada,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1847),  22, 

305  m 
Canadian  Insurrection:  American  sym- 
pathy with,  23,  515 
Canadian  Pacific  Railways,  owned  by 

Canada:  built,  20,  175 
Canal,  Leonardo  (ca.  i860),  Colombian 
leader:  surrenders  to  the  revolution- 
ists, 21,  87 
Canales   (ca.    1840),   Mexican   general: 

leads  revolt,  22,  275 
Canals : 
B.  C. 

ca.  2250.     Canals  made  by  Hammu- 
rabi, 1,  77 
ca.  680.     Several  canals,  the  princi- 
pal  ones   were    Nohr    Malka   and 
one    which   went    from    Borseppa 
to  Babylon,  1,  67 
ca.  600.     Attempted       opening       of 
canal  between  Red  Sea  and  Med- 
iterranean, 1,  31 
480.     Canal    through    isthmus    con- 
necting   Acte   with    Chalcidice,   2, 

183 
A.  D. 
ca.  7th  cent.     From  the  Nile  to  the 

Red  Sea,  1,  299 
ca.  1375.     Jumna  canal,  5,  104 
ca.  1465.     From  Peking  to  the  Pei- 

ho,  6,  32 
ca.  1722.     Ladoga,   15,   88 
ca.   1722.     Vishnevolotski,  15,  88 
1761.     From   Worsley   to    Manches- 
ter, 11,  533 
1822.     Caledonian,  12,  375 
1825.     Chesapeake     and     Delaware, 
23,   442 

1825.  Erie,  23,  479 

1826.  Proposed  Panama,  24,  1055; 
1881,  work  on  Panama  begun  and 
dropped,  1056;  1904,  actual  con- 
struction of  Panama  begun,  1062, 
1084 

1832.  Gothia  Canal,  16,  260 

1832.  Ohio,  23,  480 

1847.  Caledonian,  12,  375 

1850.  Chesapeake    and"    Ohio,    23, 

480 

1854.  Ganges  Canal,  5,  223 


GENERAL    INDEX 


135 


1869.    Suez  Canal,  i,  39,  5,  138,  14, 
467,  19,  56,  30,  224 

1896.     Huehuetoca,  22,  145,   149 
1905.     Work  begun  on  canals  in  the 
Punjab,  5,  289 

Cananor,  British  India:  taken  by  the 
Dutch,  20,  61 

Canary  Islands,  lying  north-west  of 
Africa  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean:  sketch 
of,  19,  213;  present  government  of 
19,  248,  20,  299 

Canby,  Edward  Richard  Sprigg  (1819- 
1873),  an  American  general:  sent 
against  Modoc  Indians,  24,  904; 
death  of,  905 

Cancio,  Leopoldo  (ca.  1900),  Cuban 
statesman:  chosen  Secretary  of  Pub- 
lic Instruction,  22,  468 

Candia:  see  Crete 

Candia,  capital  of  Candia  (Crete) : 
sieges  (962  A.D),  1,  367;  (1669),  4, 
325,  14,  242,  243;  see  also  Crete 

Candia  (Crete),  War  of,  between 
Turkey  and  Venice  (1648-1669): 
cause,  14,  230;  peace  treaty  and 
result,  243 

Candy,  Ceylon:  taken  by  the  English 
(1875),  20,  144 

Canidius,  lieutenant-general  to  An- 
tony at  Actium  (31  B.C.):  submits 
to  Octavius,  4,  26 

Cannae,  Italy:  battle  of  (216  B.  C),  3, 
120 

Cannibalism:  in  the  Congo  Free  State, 
19,  252 

Canning,  Charles  John,  Earl  Canning 
(1812-1862),  English  statesman:  his 
governor-generalship  of  India,  5, 
230 

Canning,  George  (1770-1827),  English 
statesman  and  orator,  called  the 
Cicero  of  the  British  Senate:  mem- 
ber of  Portland  ministry,  II,  559; 
becomes  Foreign  Secretary,  573; 
made  Prime  Minister,  581,  23,  447; 
death  of,  II,  582 

Canning,  Stratford,  Viscount  Stratford 
de  Redcliffe  (1786-1880),  English 
statesman:  negotiations  of,  with 
Russia,  5,  363;  negotiations  at  Con- 
stantinople, 11,  614,  14,  439,  443, 
449.  *5,  303;  recalled,  14,  446;  in 
the  Crimean  War,  15,  304 


Cannon,  Joseph  G.  (1836 ),  Amer- 
ican congressman:  speaker  of  the 
House,  24,  1053;  in  Republican  con- 
vention  (1904),  1062 

Canonicus  (1565-1647),  Indian  chief  of 
the  Narragansett  tribe:  grants  land 
to  Providence,  23,  94 

Canopa,  Egypt:  battle  of  (1801),  9, 
3i8 

Canossa,  Castle  of,  Italy:  reconcilia- 
tion of  the  Pope  and  emperor  at,  18, 
135 

Canova,  Antonio  (1 757-1822),  Italian 
sculptor:  sketch  of,  4,  411 

Canovas  del  Castillo,  Antonio  (1828- 
1897),  Spanish  Conservative  states- 
man:  assassinated,   24,    1023 

Canrobert,  Franc,  ois  Certain  (1800- 
1895),  marshal  of  France:  assists 
schemes  of  Napoleon  III,  9,  442; 
in  the  Franco- Prussian  War,  463; 
commands  French  forces  in  Cri- 
mea, 11,  616 

Canseco  (ca.  i860),  Peruvian  insur- 
gent: proclaimed  president  of  Peru, 
21,  205 

Cantabres,  early  inhabitants  of  west- 
ern Spain:  description  of,  8,  8 

Cantacuzene,  (ca.  1300-1383),  Byzan- 
tine Emperor  and  historian:  recog- 
nizes power  of  Orkhan,  14,  25 

Cantemir,  Prince  Antioch  (1708-1744), 
Russian  poet,  diplomat  and  author: 
accompanies  Peter  to  Persia,  15, 
79;  sketch  of,  86,  150 

Cantemir,  Demetrius  (1673-1723),  Mol- 
davian historian:  forms  alliance  with 
Peter  the  Great,  14,  278,  15,  59,  63 

Canterbury,  Kent,  England:  sacked  by 
Northmen,   11,  42 

Canterbury,  New  Zealand:  founded, 
20,  213 

Canterbury,  Archbishop  of:  St.  Augus- 
tine becomes  the  first,  11,  30;  St. 
Lawrence  the  second,  30 

Cantii,  State  of,  a  Roman  state  in 
Britain:  formed,  n,  6 

Canto,  General  (ca.  1890),  South 
American  Congressionalist:  at  the 
battle  of  Valparaiso  (1891),  21,  239 

Canton,  China:  opposition  to  foreign- 
ers in,  6,  126,  142,  147,  157;  disputes 
over  opium  trade  in,  127;  opened  to 


136 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


the  British,  145;  taken  by  the  Brit- 
ish, 6,  160,  162,  9,  449;  made  safe  for 

foreigners,  6,  168 
Canton,  Ohio:  McKinley  buried  at,  24, 

1049 
Canulein  Law,  permitting  marriage  of 

patricians  with  plebeians  at  Rome: 

passed  (445  B.C.),  3,  47 
Canute  the  Great:  see  Knud  (II)  the 

Great,     King    of    Scandinavia     and 

Britain 
Cape  Agamos,  Chili:  battle  of  (1879), 

21,  235 
Cape  Blanco,  Africa:  rounded,  19,  17 
Cape  Bojador,  Africa:  rounded,  19,  17 
Cape  Breton  Island,  off  the  coast  of 

Nova  Scotia:  settled,  20,  49;  named, 

81;    retained    by    French,    23,    163; 

ceded   to   the    English,   20,   87,   23, 

198 
Cape  Charles,   Maryland:  named,  23, 

57 
Cape  Cod,  Massachusetts:  named,  23, 

54 

Cape  Colony,  South  Africa:  founded, 
20,  62;  growth  of,  19,  51;  captured 
by  the  English,  5,  197;  finally  occu- 
pied by  the  English  (1806),  19,  38, 
20,  139,  143,  221;  government  of, 
220,  223;  sketch  of  its  history,  11, 
630 

Cape  Finisterre,  Portugal:  battles  of 
(1747),  9,  240;  (1805),  8,  484,  9,  326 

Cape  Frangois,  Hayti:  taken  by  the 
French    (1801),  20,   140 

Cape  Henry,  Maryland:  named,  23, 
58 

Cape  May,  New  Jersey:  named,  23, 
102 

Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Africa:  discov- 
ered, 19,  18;  circumnavigated  by  the 
Phoenicians,  20,  9;  Vasco  da  Gama 
doubles  the,  20,  39,  23,  25 

Cape  St.  Vincent,  Spanish  Peninsula: 
battles  of  (1381),  8,  173;  (1759),  9, 
246;  (1797),  8,  483,  11,  547 

Cape  San  Juan,  Africa:  under  Spanish 
rule,  20,  299 

Cape  to  Cairo  Railroad,  Africa:  plans 
for,  19,  230 

Cape  Town,  capital  of  Cape  Colony: 
growth  of,  20,  218 

Cape  Verde,  Africa:  doubled,  19,  17 


Cape  Verde  Islands,  off  the  coast  of 
Africa  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean:  sketch 
of,  19,  213;  under  Portuguese  rule, 
20,  298 

Capel,  Arthur,  Earl  of  Essex:  see 
Essex,  Arthur  Capel,  Earl  of 

Capet,  surname  of  the  kings  of  France 
from  987  A.D. :  origin  of  name,  10, 
227  note 

Capistran,  St  John  (1 386-1456),  Ital- 
ian Franciscan  monk:  aids  Hun- 
yady,  14,  83 

Capo  d'Istria,  Giovanni  Anton  (1776- 
1831),  President  of  Greece:  elected, 
2,  545 

Cappadocia,  eastern  Asia  Minor:  as- 
signed  to   Eumines,  2,   512 

Captain,  The  Little:  see  George  II, 
King  of  England 

Capua,  Italy:  captured,  3,  65;  reduced 
to  a  village,  131;  blockaded  by  Sulla, 
226;  surrenders  to  Sulla,  228 

Capuchins,  a  mendicant  order  of  Fran- 
ciscan monks  founded  in  Italy 
(1528):   established   in   Switzerland, 

13,  457 

Caracalla,  Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus 
(188-217  A.D.),  Emperor  of  Rome: 
reign  of,  4,  102 

Caracas,  Venezuela:  revolution  in 
(1810),  21,  55;  entry  of  Bolivar 
into,  61;  occupied  by  the  revolu- 
tionists (1821),  yy,  insurrection  in 
(1829),  83 

Caractacus  (ca.  50  A.D.),  a  British 
king:  carried  captive  to  Rome,  4, 
59 

Carafa,  Father  (ca.  1621),  an  Austrian 
Jesuit:  organizes  the  counter-refor- 
mation in  Bohemia,  17,  207 

Caraffa,  Antonio  (d.  1693),  an  Italian 
general  in  Austrian  service:  his  ca- 
reer in  Hungary,  17,  230 

Caraffa,  Giovanni  Pietro:  see  Paul  IV 

Caraguatay,  South  America:  battle  of 
(1869),  21,  159 

Caralis:  see  Cagliari 

Caramania,  Asia  Minor:  resists  Otto- 
man Turks,  14,  16;  submits  to  Baye- 
zid,  38;  reinstated  by  Timur,  52; 
reduced  by  Bayezid  Pasha,  56;  in- 
surrection in,  61,  62;  subdued,  84 

Carausius,    Marcus   Aurelius    Valerius 


GENERAL    INDEX 


137 


(d.  293  A.D.),  a  Roman  insurgent: 
deserts   Roman  cause,   13,   10 

Carbo,  Gaius,  a  Roman  consul  120 
B.C.:  member  of  the  land  commis- 
sion, 3,  178 

Carbo,  Gnaeus  Papirius,  Roman  con- 
sul 113  B.C.:  at  battle  of  Aquileia,  3, 

193 

Carbo,  Gnaeus  Papirius,  Roman  con- 
sul 82  B.C.:  member  of  conspiracy 
against  Sulla,  221;  consul,  226 

Carbonari,  a  secret  society  formed  in 
Naples  (1808-1815)  to  oppose  the 
French  rule:  insurrection  of,  4,  352; 
Ku-Klux-Klan  compared  to,  24,  871 

Carcassonne,  France:  siege  of  (506 
A.D.),  8,  39,  9,  20 

Carceres,  President  of  Peru  1886- 
1890:  his  administration  as  presi- 
dent of  Peru,  21,  242 

Carchemish,    ancient    capital    of    the 
Hittites    (Jerablus) :   revolts   against 
Assyria   (717  B.C.),   1,  84,  142;  bat 
tie  of  (606  B.  C),  32,  92,  399 

Cardenas  (ca.  1863),  a  Venezuelan 
general:  refuses  to  acknowledge 
Falcon  as  president  of  Venezuela 
21,  98 

Cardigan,  James  Thomas  Brudenel 
Lord  (1797-1868)  an  English  gen 
eral:  leads  charge  of  the  Light 
Brigade,  11,  616,  15,  315 

Carduchians,  a  fierce  tribe  of  Asia 
Minor,  2,  390 

Carew,  Sir  George  (1555-1629),  ar 
English  soldier  and  statesman:  mad 
president  of  Munster,  12,  100 

Carey,  William  (1761-1834),  an  Eng 
lish  Orientalist  and  missionary  in 
India:  missionary  efforts  of,  5,  171; 
professor  of  Sanskrit  in  College  of 
Fort  William,  202 

Cargill,  Donald  (1619-1681),  a  Scotch 
covenanting  preacher:  leader  of  the 
Cameronians,  12,  348 

Carham,  Scotland:  battle  of  (1018), 
12,  256 

Carians,  Asia  Minor:  conquered  by 
Persia,  2,   125;   joins   Ionian  revolt, 

135 
Caribert,    Frankish    king,    561    A.D.: 

reign  of,  9,  26 
Carignan,  Thomas  Frangois,  Prince  of 


(1596-1656):  his  campaigns  in  the 
Thirty  Years'  War,  9,  191 

Carillo,  Martin,  a  Spanish  Licenciado, 
1566:  appointed  jueces  perquisidores, 
22,  125;  sent  to  New  Spain,  161 

Carinthia,  a  division  of  Austria-Hun- 
gary: united  with  Hungary  and  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  4;  German  element  in,  6; 
Taurisci  settle  in,  11;  annexed  to 
Bohemia,  74;  surrendered  to  the  em- 
pire, 75;  conquered  by  the  Count  of 
Tyrol,  75;  given  to  Menhard  of 
Tyrol,  100;  invaded  by  Turks,  109; 
under   Napoleon,  300 

Carisius  (ca.  14  A.D.),  a  Roman  gen- 
eral in  Spain:  his  campaigns  in 
Spain,  8,  25 

Carleton,  George  (1559-1628),  Bishop 
of  Llandaff:  ambassador  to  The 
Hague,  13,  196 

Carleton,  Sir  Guy  (1 724-1 808),  a  Brit- 
ish soldier  and  administrator:  at 
siege  of  Quebec,  23,  194 

Carlisle,  England:  fortified  by  William 
Rufus,  11,  86 

Carlisle,   John    Griffin    (1835 ),   an 

American  statesman:  Speaker  of 
House,  24,  969;  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,   993   note 

Carlists,  The,  in  Spanish  history,  the 
partisans  of  Don  Carlos  and  subse- 
quent claimants  under  his  title:  re- 
volts of  (1833),  8,  497;  (1851),  503; 
(1859),  507;   (1873),  513 

Carlo  Borromeo,  Saint  (1538-1584), 
Archbishop  of  Milan:  his  reforms  in 
Milan,  4,  312 

Carlo  Felice  (d.  1831),  King  of  Sar- 
dinia, 1821-1831;  accession  of,  4,  355 

Carlomann,  King  of  Italy,  877-881 
A.D.:  reign  of,  4,  179 

Carlos  (Charles)  I  (1863 ),  King  of 

Portugal,  1889 ;  reign  of,  8,  539 

Carlos  I,  King  of  Spain:  see  Charles 
V,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

Carlos  (Charles)  II  (1661-1700),  King 
of  Spain,  1665-1700:  accession  of,  22, 
173;  reign  of,  8,  380;  death  of,  9, 
220,  13,  246,  18,  311;  summary  of 
condition  of  Spain  under,  8,  427 

Carlos  (Charles)  III  (1716-1788), 
King  of  Spain,  1759-1788:  birth  of,  8, 
405;   invested   with   Naples   and   Si- 


138 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


cily,  4,  332,  8,  409;  accession  to 
Spanish  throne,  8,  414,  22,  199;  ex- 
pels Jesuits  from  New  Spain,  22, 
204;  summary  of  condition  of  Spain 
under,  8,  429 

Carlos  (Charles)  IV  (1748-1819), 
King  of  Spain,  1788-1808:  reign  of, 
8,  481;  abdication  of,  9,  332,  21,  54, 
22,  230 

Carlos  V,  Don  (Carlos  Marie  Jose 
Isidoro  de  Bourbon)  (1788-1855),  a 
pretender  to  the  throne  of  Spain, 
second  son  of  Charles  IV;  rebellions 
of,  8,  496,  497 

Carlos  VII,  Don  (Carlos  Marie  de  los 
Dolores  Juan  Isidoro  Jose  Fran- 
cisco) (1848 ),  Duke  of  Madrid,  a 

pretender  to  the  Spanish  throne: 
claims  throne,  8,  514 

Carlos  (1545-1568),  a  Spanish  prince 
son  of  Philip  II  of  Spain:  fate  of 
8,  372 

Carlos:  see  also  Charles 

Carlotta  (1775-1820),  daughter  of  Car- 
los III  of  Spain:  marries  Joam  VI 
of  Portugal,  8,  418;  intrigues  of, 
534 

Carlowitz,  Peace  of,  a  peace  concluded 
between  Austria,  Poland,  Russia, 
Venice  and  Turkey  (1699):  account 
of,  2,  539,  14,  268,  377,  17,  231,  18, 
304;  broken,  14,  287 

Carlsbad,  Congress  of,  a  congress  rep- 
resenting Austria,  Prussia  and  the 
minor  German  states  (1819),  18,  394 

Carlsbad  Decrees,  a  series  of  decrees 
issued  by  the  Congress  of  Carlsbad 
concerning  the  censorship  of  the 
press,  of  the  universities,  etc., 
(1819),  17,  322 

Carlsen  (ca.  1863),  a  Norwegian  ex- 
plorer in  Arctic  regions:  circumnav- 
igates the  Spitzbergen  group,  16, 
315 

Carlstadt,  Andreas  Rudolph  (1480- 
1541),  a  German  reformer:  visits 
Copenhagen,  16,  191;  his  discussion 
with  Eck,  18,  237;  joins  Anabap- 
tists, 242 

Carlyle,  Thomas  (1795-1881),  a  Scotch 
essayist  and  historian:  sketch  of, 
II,  613 

Carmagnola,       Francesco       Bussone 


(1390-1432),  an  Italian  condottiere: 
leads  the  forces  of  Venice,  4,  250 

Carmancho,  a  South  American  gen- 
eral (ca.  1880) :  made  general-in- 
chief  of  Bolivian  forces,  21,  236 

Carmarthen,  Wales:  captured  by  the 
French,  11,  194 

Carmarthen,  Marquis  of  (1631-1712), 
an  English  statesman:  his  relations 
with  Peter  the  Great,  15,  33,  71 

Carmichael,  William  (18th  century), 
American  statesman:  minister  to 
Spain   (1773),  23,  268 

Carmona,  Spain:  sieges  of  (713  A.D.), 
8,  Si;   (1052),  86;   (1246),   106 

Carnegie  Steel  Company:  strike  of 
employees,  24,  992 

Carniola,  a  division  of  Austria-Hun- 
gary: united  with  Hungary  and  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  4;  annexed  to  Bohemia, 
74;  surrendered  to  the  Empire,  75; 
invaded  by  Turks,  109;  revolt  of  the 
peasants  (1515),  173;  progress  of  the 
Reformation,  178;  under  Napoleon, 
300 

Carnot,  Lazare  Hippolyte  (1801-1888), 
a  French  politician:  made  member 
of  the  provisional  government,  9, 
435 

Carnot,  Lazarre  Nicholas  Marguerite 
(1753-1823),  a  celebrated  French 
statesman,  strategist  ana  scientist: 
made  member  of  the  committee  of 
safety,  9,  285;  appointed  member  of 
the  directory,  296;  banished  and  pro- 
scribed, 305;  leads  constitutional 
party,  358;  becomes  minister  of  the 
interior  in  Napoleon's  council,  361; 
made  member  of  provisional  gov- 
ernment, 365;  appointed  minister  of 
war,  and  major-general  of  the  re- 
publican armies,  10,  341,  18,  359; 
replaces  Sieyes  in  the  directory,  10, 
361;  tries  to  prevent  the  struggle  be- 
tween the  directory  and  the  royal- 
ists, 388 

Carnot,  Marie  Frangois  Sadi  (1837- 
1894),  President  of  the  French  Re- 
public, 1887-1894:  election  of,  9,  484 

Carnutes,  ancient  tribe  of  central 
Gaul:  Caesar's  campaign  against,  3, 
308 

Caro,  Miguel,  President  of  Colombia, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


139 


1892-1898:  administration  of,  31,  245 

Carobert,  King  of  Hungary,  ca.  1300: 
claims  throne  of  Naples,  4,  260 

Carolina:  named,  23,  47;  chartered  by 
Charles  II,  73;  significance  of  his- 
tory of,  79;  slavery  conditions  in, 
20,  75;  see  also  North  and  South 
Carolina 

"Caroline,"  Canadian  insurgent  ship: 
wrecked  by  Canadian  militia,  23,  515 

Caroline,  Amelia  Elizabeth  (1768- 
1821),  Queen  of  George  IV  of  Eng- 
land, called  the  Dreadful  Woman 
and  the  Kensington  Martyr:  sketch 
of,  11,  573 

Caroline  Islands,  archipelago  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean:  purchased  by  Ger- 
many, 20,  302 

Caroline  Matilda,  Queen  of  Denmark 
and  Norway,  1751-1775:  sketch  of, 
16,  241 

Caroline  Wilhelmina  (1683-1737), 
Queen  of  George  II  of  England: 
her  influence  over  George  II,  Ti, 
477;  death  of,  480 

Caron,  Lieutenant  (ca.  1880),  French 
commander:    navigates    the    Niger, 

19,  149 

Caron,  Noel  (ca.  1600),  Dutch  states- 
man:   ambassador   to    England,    13, 

195 
Carpenter,  Philo  (ca.  1850),  American 

abolitionist:   aids    slaves   to   escape, 

24,  617 
Carpenter's    Hall,    Philadelphia:    first 

Continental  Congress  meets  at,  23, 

223 
Carpet    Baggers,    name    of    reproach 

given  by  the  South  to  Northerners 

who    went    South    after    the    Civil 

War:   description   of,   24,  864;   gov- 
ernments   of,    in    election    of    1868, 

861 
Carpini,    John    de    Piano    (ca.    1200), 

Italian    Franciscan:     missionary    to 

China,  6,  18 
Carr,  General  (ca.  1750),  a  Scotchman 

in  Russian  service:  in  the  Pugatchev 

insurrection,  15,  168 
Carr,    Robert,    Earl    of    Somerset    (d. 

1645),   a    British   politician:    rise   of, 

11,  310;  disgraced,  312 
Carra,     Jean     Louis     (1 743-1 793),     a 


French  revolutionist:  death  of,  10, 
279 

Carrard  (ca.  1850),  Swiss  insurrection- 
ist: leads  riot,  13,  563 

Carrarra,  Francesco  da  (d.  1393),  Pa- 
duan  noble;  leader  of  confederacy 
against  Venice,  4,  239;  career  of, 
250 

Carrel,  Armand  (1800-1836),  French 
journalist  and  republican  leader:  op- 
poses the  decrees  of  July  25,  1830, 
9,  390 

Carrera,  Rafael  (1815-1865),  a  Guate- 
malan revolutionist:  founds  Repub- 
lic of  Guatemala,  22,  438 

Carrhae,  Mesopotamia:  battle  of  (53 
B.  C),  3,  324 

Carrick's  Ford,  West  Virginia:  battle 
of  (1861),  24,  733 

Carrickshock,  Ireland:  battle  of 
(1832),  12,  224 

Carrier,  Jean  Baptiste  (1756-1794), 
French  revolutionist:  impeachment 
of,  10,  325;  trial  of,  328 

Carrinas  (d.  82  B.C.),  Roman  insur- 
gent: attempts  to  succor  Rome, 
3,  227;  death,  228 

Carrion,  Spain:  battle  of  the  (1037), 
8,   140 

Carrion,  Jeronimo,  Ecuadorian  politi- 
cian, president  of  the  republic,  1865- 
1867:  administration  of,  21,  114,  115 

Carroll,  Charles  (1 737-1832),  an  Amer- 
ican patriot:  in  first  Congress,  23, 
343;  last  survivor  of  the  signers 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
480;  president  of  American  Coloni- 
zation Society,  24,  571 

Carson,  Kit  (Christopher)  (1809- 
1868),  American  guide  and  soldier: 
seeks  relief  for  Kearny,  22,  299 

Cartagena,  Colombia:  founded,  21,  16; 
sacked  by  Drake  (1580),  30;  siege  of 
(1815),  64;  occupied  by  the  revolu- 
tionists (1821),  73 

Carteaux,  Jean  Frangois  (1751-1813), 
French  general:  pursues  the  section- 
ary  army  to  Marseilles,  10,  274 

Carteret,  Sir  George  (ca.  1615-1680), 
English  sailor:  proprietor  of  the 
Carolinas,  23,  73;  proprietor  of  New 
Jersey,  108 

Carteret,  John  Earl  Granville   (1690- 


140 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


1763),  English  statesman:  his  ri- 
valry with  Walpole,  XI,  477;  sketch 
of,  485;  fall  of,  486;  attempts  to 
form  a  ministry,  488 
Carthage,  northern  Africa,  called  the 
Queen  of  the  Mediterranean: 
founded,  1,  124;  rise  of,  125;  sketch 
of,  3,  89,  20,  15,  21;  taken  by  the 
Saracens,    1,    306;    war   with    Sicily, 

2,  218;  second  invasion  under  Han- 
nibal, 2,  408,  8,  13;  wars  with  Di- 
onysius,  2,  412;  war  with  Timoleon, 
417;  war  against  Syracuse,  515;  para- 
mount in  the  western  Mediterra- 
nean, treaty  with  Rome  (348  B.C.), 

3,  81;  treaty  with  Rome  (279  B.C.), 
7g;  declares  war  against  Rome,  100; 
revolt  of  the  mercenaries,  106;  the 
second  Punic  War,  11 1;  internal 
conditions  under  Roman  rule,  162; 
fate  of,  1,  307,  3,  164,  165;  restora- 
tion of,  3,  183;  made  capital  of  Van- 
dal kingdom  (429  A.D.),  18,  39 

Carthagena,  Spain:  siege  of  (208  B.C.), 
8,  18 

Carthalo  (ca.  250  B.C.),  Carthaginian 
general:  blockades  Roman  fleet  at 
Lilybaeum,   3,    104 

Carthalo  (ca.  150  B.C.),  leader  of  pa- 
triotic party  in  Carthage,  3,  163 

Carthusian  Order,  austere  religious 
order,  founded  1084  in  Chartreuse: 
in  Switzerland,  13,  355 

Cartier,  George  Etienne  (1814-1873), 
French-Canadian  lawyer  and  politi- 
cian: at  the  Quebec  convention,  20, 
165 

Cartier,  Jacques,  a  French  navigator: 
born  at  St.  Malo,  France,  December 
31,  1494;  made  three  voyages  to  Can- 
ada, 1534,  1535,  1541;  ennobled  by 
the  King  of  France  for  his  discover- 
ies; died  after  1552 

Voyages  of,  20,  49,  81,  23,  46 

Cartwright,  Edmund  (1743-1823), 
English  clergyman  and  mechani- 
cian: invents  a  power-loom,  11,  534 

Cartwright,  Ralph  (ca.  1600),  English 
traveler:  opens  English  trade  with 
Bengal,  5,  163 

Cartwright,  Thomas  (1535-1603),  Eng- 
lish Puritan  clergyman  and  scholar: 
leader  of  reform  movement,  XI,  288 


Carvajal,  General  (ca.  1850),  Venezue- 
lan patriot:  leads  insurrection,  21, 
101 

Carvajal,  Josef  de  (ca.  1750),  Spanish 
minister:  policy  of,  8,  413 

Carvajal,  Juan  (d.  1469),  Spanish  prel- 
ate: his  mission  to  Bohemia,  17, 
143 

Carvalho,  Francisco  Coelhode  (ca. 
1625),  Spanish  governor  in  South 
America:  repeals  the  decree  allow- 
ing slave-trade  to  be  carried  on  con- 
stantly, 31,  39 

Carver,  John  (1575-1621),  American 
colonist:  elected  governor  by  Pil- 
grims, 23,  84 

Cary,  Lucius,  Viscount  Falkland:  see 
Falkland,  Lucius  Cary,  Viscount 

Casa-Fuerte,  Juan  de  Acufia,  Marques 
de  (1657-1734),  made  viceroy  of 
New  Spain  (1723),  23,  189;  death 
of,  182 

Casal,  France:  siege  of  (1639),  9>  *93 

Casale,  Italy:  battle  of  (1640),  4,  322 

Casa-Mata,  Act  of,  a  convention  in 
Mexico  pledging  the  reestablish- 
ment  of  the  national  representative 
assembly  (1823),  22,  258 

Casambrot,  John,  Lord  of  Beckerzeel, 
(d.  1568),  a  Flemish  leader:  his 
campaign  against  the  Iconoclasts, 
13,  97;  arrest  of,  105;  death  of,  108 

Casanare,  a  South  American  prov- 
ince: rebels  against  Spanish  author- 
ity, 31,  56 

Casanete,  Pedro  Portal  de  (ca.  1647), 
a  Spanish  official  in  America:  com- 
missioned to  colonize  California,  33, 
166 

Casca,  Publius  Servilius  (d.  ca.  42 
B.C.),  a  Roman  tribune:  plots 
against  Caesar,  4,  4;  stabs  Caesar,  5 

Casco,  New  Hampshire:  attack  on,  21, 
158 

Casimir  (III)  the  Great  (1309-1370), 
King  of  Poland,  1333-1370:  reign  of, 
15,  376 

Casimir  IV  (1427-1492),  King  of  Po- 
land and  Lithuania,  1447-1492:  reign 
of,  15,  378 

Casimir  (ca.  1576),  Prince  of  the  Pa- 
latinate: aids  French  Protestants, 
9,  159 


GENERAL    INDEX 


141 


Casket  Letters,  claimed  to  have  been 
written  by  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  to 
Bothwell,  12,  318 

Cass,  Lewis  (1872-1866),  an  American 
statesman  and  soldier:  opposes  Wil- 
mot  Proviso,  24,  551;  nominated  for 
President  (1848),  555;  (1852),  619; 
objects  to  phraseology  of  Kansas- 
Nebraska  Bill,  635;  in  Buchanan's 
Cabinet,  657 

Cassander  (354-297  B.C.),  King  of 
Macedonia,   301-297   B.C.:   reign  of, 

2,  511;  death  of,  514 

Cassano,  Bridge  of,  Italy:  battles  of 
(170S),  9,  222;  (1799),  10,  403 

Cassel,  Prussia:  battles  of  (1328),  9, 
93,  11,  158,  13,  32;  (1677),  9,  212, 
13,  241;  taken  by  the  Prussians 
(1866),  18,  410 

Cassites  (Kasshu),  a  barbarian  tribe: 
conquer  Babylon  1750  B.C.;  I,  77 

Cassius,  Longinus  Caius  (d.  42  B.C.), 
a  Roman  soldier  and  politician:  as- 
sumes command  of  army  in  the 
East,  3,  325;  plots  against  Caesar, 
4,  4;  sets  out  for  Syria,  11;  his  re- 
ception in  Syria,  17;  at  battle  of 
Philippi,  18;  in  command  in  Spain, 
8,  23 

Cassius,  Spurius  (d.  466  B.C.),  a  Ro- 
man patrician:  proposed  reforms  of, 

3,  43 

Cassivellaunus  (ca.  50  B.C.),  a  British 
chief:   his  campaign  against  Caesar, 

3,  304,  11,  7 

Caste:  in  India,  5,  43,  78 

Castel-Bolognese,  France:  battle  of 
(1797),  9,  302 

Castelar,  Emilio  (1 832-1 899),  a  Span- 
ish statesman,  orator,  and  author: 
president  of  the  republic,  8,  513; 
sketch  of,  518 

Castelfidardo,  Italy:  battle  of   (1869), 

4,  382 

Castelli  (ca.   1810),  a  revolutionist  of 

Buenos   Ayres:    leads   revolutionary 

movement,  21,  57 
Castelnaudary,      France:      battle      of 

(1632),  9,  188 
Castiglione     (Castiglione     delle     Sti- 

viere),    Italy:    battle    of    (1796),    9, 

299 


Castiglione,  a  Jesuit  missionary  in 
China  (ca.  1709),  6,  88 

Castilla,  Francisco  de:  see  Villadarias 

Castilla,  Ramon  (1796-1867),  a  Peru- 
vian general  and  statesman:  made 
president  of  Peru,  31,  198;  exiled, 
198;  raises  a  rebellion,  198;  second 
administration  of,  200;  death  of,  208 

Castillo,  Canovas  del  (d.  1897),  Span- 
ish statesman:  prime  minister  of 
Spain  (1875-1897),  8,  514;  death  of, 
518 

Castillo,  Manuel,  a  Venezuelan  gen- 
eral 1813:  leads  army  for  the  libera- 
tion of  Venezuela,  21,  60 

Castle,  The  Maiden:  see  Edinburgh 

Castlemaine,  Barbara  Villiers,  Lady 
(1640-1709):  her  influence  over 
Charles  II,  11,  389 

Castlereagh,  Lord:  see  Stewart,  Rob- 
ert 

Castricum,  France:  battle  of  (1799), 
10,  407 

Castries,  Charles  Eugene  Gabriel  de 
la  Croix,  Marquis  de  (1727-1801),  a 
French  marshal:  in  the  Seven  Years' 
War,  9,  246 

Castriot,  George:  see  Scanderbeg 

Castriot,  John  (d.  ca.  1440),  Lord  of 
Emalthia:  account  of,  14,  69 

Castro,  premier  of  Portugal,  1904 ; 

becomes  premier,  8,  540 

Castro,  Cipriano  (1855 ),  a  Vene- 
zuelan general:  his  administration 
as  president  of  Venezuela,   21,   246 

Castro,  Joao  (1500-1548),  Portuguese 
viceroy  of  the  Indies,  1545-1548: 
administration  of,  5,  151,  8,  436;  de- 
feats King  of  Cambay,  20,  47 

Castro,  Julian,  a  Venezuelan  states- 
man: provisional  president  of  Vene- 
zuela (1858-1860),  21,  96 

Castro,  Vaca  de  (1492-1562),  a  Span- 
ish jurist;  his  government  in  Peru, 
21,  26 

Caswell,  Richard  (1729-1789),  an 
American  Revolutionary  politician: 
defeats  Donald  MacDonald,  23,  236 

Cat,  The:  appears  in  history,  1,  18 

Catalan  Insurrection,  the  rebellion  of 
the  Catalans  under  Philip  IV  of 
Spain,  8,  378 


142 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Catana,  Sicily:  destroyed  by  Gelo, 
2,  219;  joins  the  Athenians,  234;  be- 
sieged   by    Syracusans,    408;    battle 

of,  413 

Catari  (ca.  1810),  a  South  American 
Indian  chief:  leads  Indian  rebellion, 
21,  52 

Catawba  Indians,  a  tribe  in  the  Caro- 
linas:  location,  23,  8;  have  survived 
the  surrounding  tribes,  17 

Catchpoole,  British  consul  to  China 
1701,  6,  108 

Cateau-Cambresis,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty 
between  France,  England,  and  Spain 
(1559),  4,  307,  9,  148,  13,  308,  17,  176 

Catesby,  Robert  (d.  1605),  an  English 
Catholic;  plots  against  James  I  of 
England,  II,  308 

Catharine  (Catherine)  of  Aragon 
(1485-1536),  Queen  of  England: 
marriages  of,  8,  187,  11,  229,  231, 
235;  Henry  VIII  desires  divorce 
from,  11,  245 

Catharine  (Catherine)  of  Braganza 
(1638-1705),  Queen  of  England:  mar- 
ries Charles  II  of  England,  8,  465, 
11,  384,  19,  34 

Cathay,  Asia:  origin  of  name,  6,  16; 
described  by  early  missionaries,  18 

Cathcart,  Colonel  (d.  1788),  English 
ambassador  to  Peking,  6,  no 

Cathcart,  Sir  George  (1 794-1 854),  a 
British  general:  made  governor  of 
Canada,  20,  158;  death  of,  15,  316 

Cathcart,  William  Shaw  (1755-1843),  a 
British  general:  at  the  bombard- 
ment of  Copenhagen,  16,  256 

Cathelineau,  Jacques  (1 759-1 793),  a 
French  royalist  leader  of  the  Ven- 
deans:  leads  insurrection  in  the  Ven- 
dee, 9,  283 

Catherina,  Infanta  of  Portugal:  see 
Catharine  of  Braganza 

Catherine,  Queen  of  Navarre,-  1483- 
1516:  reign  of,  8,  215 

Catherine  I  (Martha  Skavronskaya) 
(i679?-I727),  Empress  of  Russia: 
sketch  of,  15,  43;  description  of, 
68;  at  the  battle  of  the  Pruth,  59; 
secures  peace  with  Turkey,  14,  280; 
honored  by  Peter  the  Great,  282, 
reign  of,  15,  93 


Catherine  (Catharine)   (II)  the  Great 

(1729-1796), Empress  of  Russia,  1762- 
1796,  called  the  Messalina  of  the 
North:  born  at  Stettlin,  Prussia, 
May  2,  1729;  married  Peter  III  of 
Russia,  1845;  caused  the  assassina- 
tion of  Peter  and  usurped  the 
throne,  1762;  joined  in  the  partitions 
of  Poland  in  1772  and  1793;  was  a 
liberal  patron  of  learned  men;  died, 
November  17,   1796 

Sketch  of,  15,  139;  accession  of, 
9,  247,  15,  156;  reign  of,  15,  161; 
favors  an  English  alliance,  144,  147; 
Peter's  treatment  of,  154;  her  rela- 
tions with  Frederick  the  Great,  18, 
343>  3455  renounces  her  claim  to 
Holstein,  16,  240,  267;  her  relations 
with  Poland,  15,  384,  17,  246;  her 
relations  with  Turkey,  14,  320;  re- 
fuses to  aid  England  against  Amer- 
ican colonies,  23,  237;  her  alliance 
with  Joseph  II  of  Germany,  18,  351; 
her  relations  with  Sweden,  16,  248; 
her  relations  with  the  First  Coali- 
tion, 18,  356,  358,  359;  aids  Georgia 
against  Persia,  5,  357;  growth  of 
Russia  under,  10,  133;  death  of,  15, 
192 

Catherine  (Catharine)  de'  Medici 
(1519-1589),  Queen  of  France:  mar- 
ries Henry  II  of  France,  9,  142; 
regent  for  Francis  II  of  France, 
149;  regent  for  Charles  IX  of 
France,  152;  regent  for  Henry  III 
of  France,  159 

Catherine  of  Brandenburg  (early  17th 
century),  Princess-dowager  of  Tran- 
sylvania: claims  throne  of  Transyl- 
vania, 17,  227 

Catherine  of  Valois  (1401-1438), 
Queen  of  England:  marries  Henry 
V,  11,  200 

Catholic  Association,  an  association  in 
Ireland  to  achieve  Catholic  Emanci- 
pation: founded  (1820),  12,  221 

Catholic  Emancipation:  question  of, 
11,  581,  12,  199,  219;  aftermath  of, 
224 

Catholic  League,  The,  a  league  estab- 
lished by  Maximilian  of  Bavaria: 
formed,  18,  265 


GENERAL    INDEX 


liS 


Catholics  in  America:  arrive  in  Mary- 
land, 23,  69;  disagreement  with  Prot- 
estants of  Virginia,  69;  persecution 
of,  affects  prosperity  of  Maryland, 
72;  excluded  from  Georgia,  81; 
status  in  Rhode  Island,  94;  perse- 
cuted in  New  England,  148;  disfran- 
chised in  many  colonies,  148; 
charged  with  inciting  people  of 
Pennsylvania  to  join  French,  149; 
persecuted  in   Virginia,   149 

Catibah  (ca.  600  A.D.),  Mohammedan 
chief:  his  campaign  against  the 
Turks,  1,  266 

Catilina,  Lucius  Sergius  (108-62  B.C.), 
Roman  politician  and  conspirator: 
leader  of  the  discontented  party,  3, 
280;  plans  a  decisive  blow,  281; 
leaves  Rome,  283;  defeat  and  death, 
284 

Catinat  de  la  Fauconnerie,  Nicholas 
(1637-1712),  marshal  of  France:  his 
campaign  in  Germany,  9,  217;  his 
campaigns  in  the  War  of  Spanish 
Succession,  220 

Cato,  Gaius,  Roman  tribune:  hinders 
elections  (55  B.C.),  3,  3*8 

Cato,  Marcus  Porcius,  surnamed  The 
Censor  (234-149  B.  C),  Roman 
statesman,  general,  and  writer: 
quoted  on  Hamilcar  Barca,  3,  112; 
moving  spirit  in  the  patriotic  party, 
157;  desires  destruction  of  Carthage, 
163 

Cato,  Marcus  Porcius,  surnamed  Uti- 
censis,  Roman  statesman  and  Stoic 
philosopher:  born  in  Rome,  95  B.C.; 
served  in  a  campaign  against  Spar- 
tacus,  72  B.C.;  was  tribune  of  the 
people,  63  B.C.;  opposed  the  trium- 
virs, Caesar,  Pompeius,  and  Cras- 
sus,  60  B.C.;  chosen  praetor,  54  B.C.; 
joined  Pompeius  in  the  civil  war 
begun  49  B.C.;  after  the  battle  of 
Pharsalia,  48  B.C.,  he  escaped  to 
Africa  where  he  was  elected  com- 
mander of  the  forces  but  resigned 
the  command  to  Metellus  Scipio  and 
retired  to  Utica;  on  the  capture  of 
this  city,  he  refused  to  flee  but 
committed  suicide,  46  B.C. 

Sketch  of,  3,  278;  favors  execution 
of     Catilinarian     conspirators,     284; 


elected  tribune,  287;  sent  to  Byzan- 
tium, 290;  leader  of  opposition  to 
monarchy,  327;  opposition  to  Caesar, 
330;  flees  to  Macedonia,  343;  de- 
cides to  stand  by  constitutional 
party,  350;  influences  choice  of 
Scipio  as  commander-in-chief,  355; 
death,  359;  estimate  of,  361 

Catorce  Mines,  Mexico:  discovered, 
22,  209 

Catullus,  Valerius  (87-54  B.C.),  Ro- 
man poet:  sketch  of,  3,  319 

Catulus,  Gaius  Lutatius  (ca.  250  B.C.), 
Roman  general:  commands  fleet  for 
invasion  of  Africa,  3,  105 

Catulus,  Quintus  Lutatius  (152-87  B. 
C),  Roman  general:  campaign 
against  the  Cimbri,  3,  194;  death, 
223 

Catulus,  Quintus  Lutatius  (d.  60  B.C.), 
Roman  politician:  opposed  to  giving 
command  of  army  in  the  East  to 
Pompey,  3,  271;  charged  with  em- 
bezzlement of  public  moneys,  287 

Catuvellauni,  State  of,  a  Roman  state 
in  Britain:  formed,  11,  6 

Cauchon,  Pierre,  Bishop  of  Beauvais 
(d.  1443) :  condemns  Joan  of  Arc, 
9,  116 

Caudamo,  Manuel,  South  American 
revolutionist:  president  of  Peru 
(1903-1904),  21,  242 

Caudine  Pass,  Italy:  battle  of  (321  B. 
C),  3,  69 

Caulaincourt,  Armand  Augustin  Louis 
de,  Duke  of  Visenza  (1772-1827), 
French  diplomat  and  general:  mem- 
ber of  provisional  government,  9, 
365;  minister  of  Napoleon,  14,  404, 
15,  256 

Cauldron  of  Slaughter,  The:  see  Teu- 
toberger  Forest 

Caulfield,  James,  Earl  of  Charlemont 
(1728-1799),  Irish  nobleman:  com- 
mands Northern  Volunteers,  12, 
182 

Caussidiere,  Marc  (1809-1861),  French 
radical  politician:  revolt  of,  9,  437 

Cavagnari,  Pierre  Louis  Napoleon  (ca. 
1880),  English  government  official 
in  India:  concludes  treaty  with 
Afghanistan,  5,  257 

Cavaignac,  Eugene  Louis  (1802-1857), 


144 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


French  general:  made  governor  of 
Algiers,  9,  4355  made  minister  of 
war,  437;  made  president  of  the 
provisional  government,  437;  arrest 
of,  441 

Cavaliers,  supporters  of  Charles  I  of 
England,  during  the  Civil  War 
(1641):  Parliament  (1661),  IX,  382; 
arrival  in  Virginia,  23,  64 

Cavendish,  Lord  Frederick  (1836- 
1882),  English  statesman:  murder 
of,  11,  634,  12,  239 

Cavendish,  Thomas  (1552-1592),  Eng- 
lish navigator  and  free-booter:  cap- 
tures a  Spanish  ship,  22,  135;  cir- 
cumnavigates the  globe,  5,  157 

Cavendish,  William,  Duke  of  Devon- 
shire: see  Devonshire,  William  Cav- 
endish, Duke  of 

Cavendish,  William,  Marquis  of  New- 
castle: see  Newcastle,  William  Cav- 
endish, Marquis  of 

Cavite,  Luzon,  Philippines:  captured 
by  Americans,  24,  1029 

Cavo,  Father  (ca.  1800),  Mexican 
Jesuit:  work  of,  22,  219 

Cavour,  Camillo  Benso,  Count  di,  an 
Italian  statesman:  born  in  Turin, 
Italy,  August  10,  1810;  was  edu- 
cated at  the  military  academy  at 
Turin  and  served  in  the  army  until 
1831;  was  elected  to  the  Sardinian 
parliament,  1848;  made  minister  of 
commerce,  1850,  of  finance,  1851, 
and  premier,  1852;  joined  France 
and  Great  Britain  in  the  Crimean 
War,  1853-1856;  concluded  a  secret 
treaty  against  Austria  with  Napo- 
leon III  of  France,  1858;  carried 
on  a  war  against  Austria,  1859;  re- 
signed the  premiership,  1859,  but 
resumed  it  again  the  following  year; 
secretly  supported  the  efforts  of 
Garibaldi,  1861,  and  after  the  uni- 
fication of  Italy  was  made  prime 
minister  of  the  new  kingdom;  died 
at  Turin,  July  6,   1861 

Government  of,  4,  371;  returns  to 
power,  375;  policy  of,  toward  Rome, 
384;  diplomacy  of,  in  Crimean  War, 
14,  459;  at  the  Congress  of  Paris 
(1856),  17,  384 


Cawnpur,  British  India:  siege  of 
(1857),  5,  236 

Cawston,  George  (ca.  1880),  English 
financier:  sketch  of,  19,  222 

Caxias,  General  (ca.  1830),  Portuguese 
governor:  crushes  the  insurrection 
in  San  Paulo,  21,  170 

Caxton,  William  (1422-1491),  first 
English  printer:  sets  up  his  press  at 
Westminster,  11,  231 

Cayenne,  French  Guiana:  settled,  20, 
87;  taken  by  the  English,  143 

Cazales,  Jacques  Antoine  Marie  de 
(1758-1805),  French  politician  and 
orator:  sketch  of,  10,  79 

Cea,  Spain:  siege  of  (1055),  8,  141 

Ceara,  eastern  Brazil:  resists  the  cre- 
ation of  the  empire  of  Brazil,  21, 
167 

Ceawlin  (d.  593  A.D.),  West  Saxon 
king:  campaigns  against  the  Angles, 
II,  24;  defeated,  25 

Ceballos  (ca.  1870),  Peruvian  states- 
man: made  acting  president  of  Peru, 
21,  210 

Cebu,  island  in  the  Philippines:  occu- 
pied by  Americans  (1899),  20,  317 

Cech  (ca.  500  A.D.),  Slav  chief:  leads 
migration  of  the  Czechs,  17,  18 

Cecil,  Sir  Edward  (ca.  1600),  English 
admiral:  commands  expedition 
against  Cadiz,  11,  321 

Cecil,  Robert,  Earl  of  Salisbury:  see 
Salisbury,  Robert  Cecil,  Earl  of 

Cecil,  Robert  Arthur  Talbot  Gas- 
coyne,  Marquis  of  Salisbury:  see 
Salisbury,  Robert  Arthur  Talbot 
Gascoyne,  Marquis  of 

Cecil,  Sir  William  (1 520-1 598),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  becomes  secretary 
to  Elizabeth,  11,  275 

Cedar  Creek  or  Run,  Virginia:  battle 
of  Culpeper  Court  House  at,  24, 
763;  battle  of  (1864),  793;  political 
effect  of  victory  of,  801 

Celakovsky,  Frantisek  Ladislav  (1799- 
1852),  Bohemian  poet  and  philolo- 
gist: sketch  of,  17,  343 

Celestine  III  (1106-1198),  Pope,  1191- 
1198:  orders  dissolution  of  marriage 
of  Alfonso  IX  of  Leon  and 
Theresa  of  Portugal,  8,  147 


GENERAL    INDEX 


145 


Cellamare,  Prince  Antonio  Giudice 
(1657-1733),  Spanish  general  and 
diplomat:  conspires  against  Duke 
of  Orleans,  9,  230 

Cellini,  Benvenuto  (1500-1571),  Italian 
sculptor  and  worker  in  gold  and 
silver:  his  effect  on  the  Renaissance, 
4,  284 

Celman,    Miguel    Juarez    (1844 ), 

Argentine  politician  of  the  liberal 
party:  his  presidency  of  Argentina, 
31,  256 

Celtes,  Konrad  (1450-1508),  German 
poet  and  scholar:  founds  the  "  So- 
dalitas  Danubiana,"  17,  175 

Celtiberians,  inhabitants  of  ancient 
Spain:  origin  of,  8,  3;  description 
of,  11;  war  with  Rome,  3,  161 

Celts,  a  branch  of  the  Indo-European 
family:  invade  Italy,  3,  57;  defeated 
at  Telamon,  109;  invade  Spanish 
peninsula,  8,  3;  description  of,  9, 
4;  invade  Britain,  11,  4;  and  Aus- 
tria-Hungary, 17,  10;  location  of, 
18,  7 

Cemetery  Ridge,  near  Gettysburg:  in 
battle  of  Gettysburg,  24,  780 

Cenabum  (Orleans),  ancient  Gaul: 
massacre  of  the  Remansat,  3,  306; 
see  also  Orleans 

Cenek  of  Wartenburg,  Burggrave  of 
Prague  (ca.  1400):  17,  129 

Censorinus,  Lucius  Marcius  (ca.  150 
B.C.),  Roman  consul:  orders  the  de- 
struction of  Carthage,  3,  164;  be- 
sieges Carthage,  164 

Censorship,  political  office  at  Rome 
from  the  fifth  century  B.C.:  office 
of,  established,  3,  48;  thrown  open 
to  the  plebeians,  49 

Centena,  Diego,  leader  of  the  royal- 
ist forces  in  Peru  1547:  revolt  of, 
21,  27 

Centennial,  The,  an  exposition  com- 
memorating the  birth  of  American 
independence,  held  at  Philadelphia 
(1876),  24,  903 

Centennial  State,  The:   see   Colorado 

Center,  The,  a  division  of  the  French 
assembly:  origin  and  use  of  the 
term,  10,  82;  makes  overtures  to 
the  court,  139 


Centerville,  Virginia:  Union  troops 
retreat  to,  24,  763 

Central  America,  History  of:  the  five 
republics,  22,  429;  revolts  against 
Spanish  rule,  24,  1021 

Central  Pacific  Railroad:  built,  24,  002 

Central  Search  Association,  an  Afri- 
can company:  organized  (1889),  19, 
224 

Centrones,  a  Gallic  tribe:  treachery 
toward  Hannibal,  3,  115 

Century,  Progress  of  a,  24,  1086 

Ceorls,  a  division  of  the  Anglican 
population  of  Britain:  description 
of,  11,  20 

Cepeda,  South  America:  battles  of 
(1820),  21,  71   (1859),  129 

Cephallonia  (Cephallenia),  Greece:  al- 
lied to  Athens,  2,  280 

Ceporin  (ca.  1525),  a  teacher  in  Zurich, 

13,  436 

Cerealis,  Petitius  (1st  century  A.D.), 
a  Roman  general:  his  campaign  in 
Gaul,  18,  24 

Cerestes,    Turkey:    battle    of    (1596), 

14,  206,  239 

Cerignoles,  Italy:  battle  of  (1503),  9, 

133 
Cerisoles,   Italy:   battle   of    (1544),   9, 

143 

Cerro  Gordo,  Mexico:  battle  of 
(1847),  22,  325,  24,  549 

Cervantes  Saavedra,  Miguel  de  (1547- 
1616),  a  Spanish  poet  and  novelist: 
at  the  battle  of  Lepanto,  14,  198 

Cervera  y  Topeta,  Pascual  (1833 ), 

Spanish  rear-admiral:  at  Santiago, 
8,  520,  20,  329,  22,  460,  24,   1029 

Cesari,  Antonio  (1760-1828),  an  Ital- 
ian plulologist:  sketch  of,  4,  409 

Cespedes,  Carlos  Manuel  de  (1819- 
1874),  a  Cuban  revolutionist:  leads 
Cuban  insurrection,  20,  327 

Cestinos,  Luis,  governor  of  Sinaloa 
(ca.  1640),  a  Mexican  explorer:  ex- 
plores California,  22,  163 

Cestius,  Gallus  (1st  century  A.  D.), 
Roman  governor  of  Syria:  defeated 
by  Jews,  1,  410 

Cethegus,  Caius  Cornelius  (1st  cen- 
tury B.C.),  a  Roman  noble:  arrested, 
3,283 


146 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Cetiwayo  (d.  1884),  King  of  the  Zulus: 
captured  by  the  English,  20,  229 

Ceuta,  Spain:  surrendered  to  the  Sara- 
cens, 1,  310;  sieges  of  (1415),  8, 
301,  19,  15;  (1464),  8,  316 

Ceylon,  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean 
called  the  Paradise  of  the  Indies: 
Buddhism  introduced,  5,  61;  con- 
quered by  the  Dutch,  155;  under 
Dutch  rule,  20,  113;  surrenders  to 
the  British,  139;  conquest  completed 
(1815),  144;  made  a  crown  colony, 
197;  history  of,  250 

Chabrias  (d.  357  B.  C),  an  Athenian 
general:  wins  battle  of  Naxos,  2, 
430;  slain  at  Chios,  454 

Chacabuco,  Chili:  battle  of  (1817),  21, 
72 

Chaerea,  Cassius  (d.  41  A.D.),  a  Ro- 
man tribune:  assassinates  Caligula, 
4,  58 

Chaereas  (ca.  410  B.C.),  a  Greek  cap- 
tain: adventures  of,  2,  359 

Chaeroneia,  Greece:  battles  of  (338 
B.C.),  2,  477;  (86  B.C.),  3,  218 

Chaffee,   Adna   Romanza    (1842 ), 

an  American  soldier:  in  Santiago 
campaign,  24,  1029 

Chait  Singh,  Raja  of  Benares,  ca. 
1775:  rebellion  of,  5,   192 

Chaitanya  (1485-1527),  founder  of  a 
sect  in  Bengal:  teachings  of,  5,  85 

Chalais,  Henri  de  Talleyrand,  Count 
of  (1599-1626),  a  French  statesman: 
conspires  against  Cardinal  Riche- 
lieu, 9,  184 

Chalcedon,  Bithynia:  taken  by  Alci- 
biades,  2,  367 

Chalcideus  (d.  412  B.C.),  a  Spartan 
admiral,  2,  352 

Chalcidice,  Macedonia:  settled,  2,  79; 
revolts  to  Brasidas,  309;  league  of, 
420;  league  dissolved  by  Sparta,  423; 
conquered  by  Philip,  464 

Chalcis,  Greece:  colonial  energy  of,  2, 
79,  83;  taken  by  Athenians,  154;  at 
war  with  Athens,  163;  revolts  to 
Sparta,  361;  allied  with  Athens,  473 

Chalco,  Mexico:  taken  by  Cortez,  22, 
45;  siege  of  (1521),  46 

Chalcondyles,  Demetrius  (1424-15 11), 
a   Greek   grammarian   and   teacher: 


his    estimate    of    Turkish    military 

strength,  14,  94 
Chaldea,  Babylon:  location  of,  1,  67 
Chalderan,  Persia:  battle  of  (15 14),  5, 

341 
Chalons,  France:  battle  of  (451  A.D.), 

2,  530,  4,  148,  8,  38,  9,  17,  14,  4,  18, 

41 

Chamberlain,  Joseph  (1836 ),  Eng- 
lish radical  politician:  demands  po- 
litical rights  for  English  colonists 
in  the  Transvaal,  n,  640;  his  tariff 
projects,  642;  opposes  Australian 
Constitution,  20,  207 

Chambers's  Case  (1630),  in  English 
history,  dispute  over  levy  of  ship- 
money,   II,  329 

Chambonnas,  Scipio  (ca.  1790),  French 
minister:  made  minister  of  finance, 
10,  176 

Champ-Aubert,  France:  battle  of 
(1814),  9,  346,  10,  491 

Champ  de  Mars,  Paris:  confederation 
of  the  kingdom  at,  10,  121 

Champion  Hill,  Mississippi:  battle  of 
(1863),  24,  777 

Championet,  Jeane  fitienne  (1762- 
1800),  French  general:  enters  Na- 
ples, 10,  402 

Champlain,  Samuel  de,  a  French  ex- 
plorer and  geographer:  born  in 
Brouage,  France,  1567;  took  an  ac- 
tive part  in  the  wars  of  the  League 
on  the  side  of  Henry  of  Navarre 
for  which  he  received  a  pension; 
commanded  a  vessel  in  the  Spanish 
fleet  sailing  to  Mexico,  1599;  ex- 
plored in  Canada  and  New  England, 
1603-1607;  founded  Quebec,  1608; 
discovered  Lake  Champlain,  1609; 
appointed  lieutenant-governor  of 
New  France,  1612;  began  the  fortifi- 
cations of  Quebec,  1620;  taken  pris- 
oner to  England  when  Quebec  was 
captured,  1628;  released  after  the 
treaty  of  peace  in  1632;  returned  as 
governor  to  New  France,  1633;  died 
at  Quebec,  December  25,  1635 

Makes  a  settlement  in  America, 
20,  81;  explorations  of,  23,  48;  de- 
feats the  Iroquois,  50;  resentment 
of  Iroquois  over  his  victory,  175 


GENERAL    INDEX 


147 


Champlain,  Lake,  between  Vermont 
and  New  York:  discovered,  23,  50; 
Nicholson  burns  fort  on,  162 

Champoton,  Yucatan:  battle  of  (i537)> 
22,  425 

Chamurli,  Servia:  battle  of  (1410),  14, 

53 

Chancellor,  Richard  (d.  1556),  Eng- 
lish navigator:  his  explorations  of 
the  Arctic  regions,  5,  156,  16,  300 

Chancellor,  The:  see  Bismarck,  Otto 
Eduard  Leopold,  Prince  von 

Chancellorsville,  Virginia:  battle  of 
(1863),  24,  771;  Confederate  hopes 
raised  by  victory  at,  778 

Chandarnagar,  Hindustan:  captured 
by  the  English  (1757),  5,  182,  9,  246 

Chand  Bibi  (ca.  1580),  queen  of  Ah- 
madnagar:  frustrates  Akbar's 
schemes  for  southern  India,  5,  113 

Chandler,  Zachariah  (1813-1879), 
American  politician:  refuses  to  con- 
cede election  to  Tilden  (1876),  24, 
909 

Chandra  Gupta,  East  Indian  king, 
316-292  B.  C. :  his  relations  with  the 
Greeks,  5,  69;  reign  of,  70 

Chang,  Prince  (ca.  1900),  Chinese 
prince,  6,  302 

Chang  Ch'ien  (2nd  century  B.  C), 
Chinese  envoy:  visits  Central  Asia, 
•6,  13 

Ch'ang  Chih-tung  (ca.  1900),  Chinese 
viceroy:  in  Boxer  movement,  6,  304; 
ousts  Americans  from  railway  con- 
cessions, 319;  attempts  to  have 
Manchuria  opened  to  foreign  trade, 
7,  288 

Chang  Pak  (ca.  1280),  Chinese  gen- 
eral in  command  of  Chinese  army, 
7,  76 

Changarnier,  Nicolas  Anne  Theodole 
(1793-1877),  French  general:  given 
command  of  the  troops  of  the  sec- 
ond republic,  9,  436;  arrest  of,  441 

Chang-lo,  Thibet:  attack  on  (1904),  5, 
298 

Channing,  William  Ellery  (1780-1842), 
an  American  divine:  member  of 
Anti-slavery  Society,  24,  574 

Chanzy,  Antoine  Eugene  Alfred 
(1823-1883),  French  general:  in  the 
Franco-Prussian  War,  18,  425 


Chao  (ca.  1750),  Chinese  general:  his 
victories  in  Central  Asia,  6,  86;  his 
death,  87 

Chapelier,  Isaac  Rene  Gui  (1754-1794), 
French  lawyer:  his  opinion  on  the 
renewal  of  the  assembly,  10,  114; 
directs  the  Feuillant  Club,  128; 
death  of,   9,  289 

Chappe,  Claude  (1763-1805),  French 
inventor:  invents  system  of  tele- 
graphs, 10,  336  note 

Chappe,  Ignace  (b.  1760),  French  en- 
gineer: invents  system  of  tele- 
graphs, 10,  336  note 

Chapter  of  Mitton:  battle  of  (13 19), 
12,  282 

Chapultepec,  Mexico:  siege  of  (1847), 
22,  366,  24,  550 

Charaka  (ca.  800  A.D.),  Indian  physi- 
cian: fame  of,  5,  48 

Chararic  (ca.  500  A.D.),  Salian  chief: 
death  of,  9,  21 

Charcas,  Bolivia:  rebels  against  Span- 
ish authority  (1809),  21,  58 

Charcot  (ca.  1900),  French  explorer: 
explorations  of,  16,  336 

Chares  (ca.  350  B.  C),  an  Athenian 
general:  campaigns  of,  2,  454,  474; 
commands  at  Chaeroneia,  477 

Charette  de  la  Contrie,  Francois 
Athanase  (1763-1796),  Vendean  gen- 
eral: leads  insurrection,  9,  283; 
arouses  royalists  in  Brittany,  294; 
taken  prisoner,  297 

Charibert  I  (d.  568  A.D.),  Frankish 
king:  reign  of,  18,  61 

Charibert  II,  Frankish  king,  ca.  630 
A.D.:  reign  of,  18,  65 

Charidemus  (ca.  400  B.C.),  Greek  gen- 
eral: aids  Athens,  2,  466 

Charlemagne  or  Charles  (I)  the  Great, 
Frankish  king  and  Holy  Roman 
Emperor:  born,  April  2,  742  (birth 
place  uncertain);  became  king  of 
the  Franks  conjointly  with  his 
brother  Karlmann,  768  A.D.;  usurps 
the  entire  government  on  the  death 
of  Karlmann,  771  A.D.;  at  war  with 
the  Saxons,  772-804  A.D.;  at  war 
with  the  Lombards,  774-775  A.D.; 
made  an  expedition  against  the 
Arabs  in  Spain,  778  A.D.;  subdued 
Bavaria,    788    A.D.;    conquered    the 


148 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Avars,  791-796  A.D.;  crowned  Ro- 
man emperor,  Christmas  Day,  800 
A.D.;  at  war  with  the  Danes,  808- 
810  A.D.;  died  at  Aix-la-chapelle, 
January  28,  814  A.D. 

Consecrated,  9,  40;  reign  of,  9,  41, 
18,  78;  crowned  by  the  Pope,  2,  534, 
4,  176;  invades  Spain,  8,  69,  132; 
his  influence  felt  in  England,  II, 
40;  condition  of  Switzerland  under, 
I3>  34°;  founds  the  bishopric  of 
Bremen,  16,  25;  forms  alliance  with 
the  Czechs,  17,  30;  defeats  the 
Avars,  37;  death  of,  4,  176 

Charlemagne,  The  Modern:  see  Na- 
poleon (I)  Bonaparte,  Emperor  of 
the  French 

Charleroi,  Belgium:  siege  of  (1794),  9, 
290 

Charles:  see  also  Carlo,  Carlos  and 
Karl 

Charles  (I)  the  Great,  Holy  Roman 
Emperor:  see  Charlemagne 

Charles  (II)  the  Bald  (823-877),  Holy 
Roman  Emperor  (I,  King  of 
France) :  birth  of,  18,  90;  education 
of,  8,  221;  favored  by  his  father,  9, 
48,  18,  91;  becomes  king  of  France, 
92;  reign  of,  as  king  of  the  Franks, 
9,  50,  18,  95;  crowned  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  4,  179,  9,  51,  18,  96 

Charles  (III)  the  Fat  (839-888), 
Holy  Roman  Emperor  (II,  King  of 
France) :  reign  of,  4,  179,  9,  52,  18, 
96;  intervenes  between  Svatopluk 
and  Arnulf,  17,  34;  causes  the  as- 
sassination of  Godfrey,  Duke  of  the 
Normans,  13,  21;  his  relations  with 
the  Northmen,  16,  23 

Charles  IV  (1316-1378),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor  (I,  King  of  Bohemia)  : 
reign  of,  as  King  of  Bohemia,  17, 
115;  proclaimed  emperor,  17,  102, 
18,  190;  reign  of,  192;  campaigns  in 
Italy,  4,  219;  his  relations  with  Aus- 
tria, 17,  103;  condition  of  Switzer- 
land under,  13,  378 

Charles  V  (1500-1558),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor:  birth  of,  8,  188;  career 
OI»  9.  137;  acknowledged  as  heir  of 
Castile,  8,  191;  inaugurated  Duke 
of  Brabant  and  Count  of  Flanders 
and   of   Holland,   13,   54;   concludes 


treaty  with  Francis  I  of  France,  4, 
295;  accession  to  Spanish  throne,  8, 
339',  becomes  King  of  Spain,  Sicily, 
and  Naples,  18,  231;  joins  league 
for  peace,  n,  237;  accession  to  the 
imperial  throne,  4,  305,  8,  343,  13, 
55,  18,  239;  his  power  and  motto, 
23,  43;  extent  of  empire  of,  14,  145; 
reign  of,  as  emperor,  17,  176;  strug- 
gle with  Francis  I  of  France,  4, 
301,  11,  240;  marries  Isabel  of 
Portugal,  8,  350;  alliances  with 
Henry  VIII  of  England,  11,  246, 
261;  rewards  Cortes,  33,  40;  condi- 
tion of  Switzerland  under,  13,  443; 
at  war  with  Turkey,  14,  158;  de- 
feated at  Algiers,  163;  introduces 
the  New  Laws,  20,  45;  colonial  pol- 
icy of,  50;  his  relations  with  Russia, 
15,  16;  resigns  crowns,  8,  351,  13, 
59,  18,  259,  22,  118;  death  of,  8, 
352,  13,  60;  summary  of  condition 
of  Spain  under,  8,  423 

Charles  VI  (1685-1740),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1711-1740:  estimate  of,  17, 
192;  campaigns  of,  18,  313;  at  war 
with  Spain,  8,  388;  claims  throne 
of  Spain,  11,  456;  accession  to  im- 
perial throne,  8,  400,  9,  224,  11,  463; 
reign  of,  18,  315;  reign  of,  as  King 
of  Bohemia,  17,  215;  reign  of,  as 
King  of  Hungary,  191,  234;  aids 
Venice  against  Turkey,  14,  286; 
sends  expeditions  to  India,  5,  172; 
Alexis  seeks  the  protection  of,  15, 
74;  power  in  eastern  Europe,  14, 
292;  in  the  Polish  war,  15,  119;  as- 
sists Russia  against  Turkey,  122; 
death  of,  9,  236,  13,  254,  14,  317, 
15,  133,  23,  163 

Charles  VII  (Charles  Albert)  (1697- 
1745),  Holy  Roman  Emperor,  1742- 
1745:  claims  Austrian  throne,  15, 
129,  17,  240,  18,  328;  claims  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  251;  claims  imperial 
crown,  9,  236;  accession  of,  237,  17, 
241,  18,  330;  death  of,  9,  239 

Charles  I,  King  of  Bohemia:  see 
Charles  IV,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

Charles  I  (1 600-1 649),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1625-1649:  plans  of  marriage 
with  a  princess  of  Spain,  11,  317; 
visits   Spain,   8,  376;   marries   Hen- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


149 


rietta  Maria  of  France,  II,  318; 
reign  of,  320;  attitude  toward  Vir- 
ginia, 23,  63;  his  relations  with  the 
Dutch  Republic,  13,  209;  grants 
charter  to  Massachusetts  Bay  Col- 
ony, 23,  87;  concludes  treaty  with 
Joam  IV  of  Portugal,  8,  462  note; 
condition  of  Ireland  under,  12,  in; 
condition  of  Scotland  under,  335; 
death  of,  11,  361 

Charles  II  (1630-1685),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1649-1685,  called  Old  Rowley 
and  the  Merry  Monarch:  reign  of, 
n>  379;  proclaimed  King  of  Ireland, 
II.  363»  I*.  123;  condition  of  Ire- 
land under,  12,  129;  proclaimed 
King  of  Scotland,  11,  363,  12,  342; 
effect  of  his  restoration  on  Ameri- 
can colonies,  23,  64;  marries  Catha- 
rine of  Braganza,  19,  34;  charters 
African  Company,  31;  gives  grant 
of  the  Carolinas  to  favorites,  23, 
73;  grants  liberal  charter  to  Rhode 
Island,  94;  vacillating  policy  of,  104; 
recalls  Berkeley  from  Virginia,  66; 
his  dislike  of  Quakers,  no;  taxes 
colonies,  20,  89;  death  of,  11,  416, 
13,  242 

Charles  I,  King  of  France :  see  Charles 
(II)  the  Bald,  Holy  Roman  Em- 
peror 

Charles  II,  King  of  France:  see 
Charles  (III)  the  Fat,  Holy  Roman 
Emperor 

Charles  (III)  the  Simple  (879-929), 
King  of  France,  893-929:  minority 
of,  18,  97;  reign  of,  9,  53,  18,  104; 
his  treaty  with  Rolf,  16,  15;  his 
relations  with  Henry  I  of  Germany, 
18,  105;  marries  sister  of  ^Ethelstan, 
II,  46 

Charles  (IV)  the  Fair  (1294-1328), 
King  of  France,  1322-1328:  reign  of, 
9,  90;  conspires  against  Lewis  of 
Bavaria,  18,  188 

Charles  (V)  the  Wise  (1337-1380), 
King  of  France,  1364-1380:  regent 
for  his  father,  9,  99;  reign  of,  102; 
sends  help  to  Henry  of  Trastamara, 
11,  167;  at  war  with  England,  168; 
aids  Enrique  II  against  Pedro  the 
Cruel,  8,  166;  protects  the  Jews,  1, 
419 


Charles  (VI)  the  Well-Beloved  (1368- 
1422),  King  of  France,  1380-1422: 
reign  of,  9,  106;  contemporary  of 
Murad  I  of  Turkey,  14,  33;  at 
war  with  Flanders,  13,  34;  perse- 
cutes the  Jews,  1,  419;  becomes  in- 
sane, 11,  193;  attempts  to  settle  the 
dispute  between  the  Popes,  18,   198 

Charles  (VII)  the  Victorious  (1403- 
1461),  King  of  France,  1422-1461, 
called  the  King  of  Brouges:  char- 
acter of,  11,  203;  claims  throne,  9, 
114;  crowned,  11,  204;  reign  of,  9, 
116;  concludes  the  Peace  of  Arras, 
13,  41;  aids  Frederick  III  of  Ger- 
many, 18, 213;  his  campaigns  against 
the  Swiss,  13,  401;  concludes  treaty 
with  the  Swiss,  405 

Charles  VIII  (1470-1498),  King  of 
France,  1483-1498:  reign  of,  9,  126; 
transfers  Prince  Djem  to  custody  of 
the  Pope,  14,  in;  marries  Anne  of 
Brittany,  11,  226,  18,  219;  claims 
throne  of  Naples,  4,  270;  invades 
Italy,  289,  11,  227,  14,  112,  18,  225; 
concludes  treaty  with  Philip  the 
Handsome,  8,  189;  his  relations  with 
Ferdinand  the  Catholic,  190,  268; 
plans  rescue  of  Constantinople,  14, 
144;  death  of,  11,  229 

Charles  IX  (1550-1574),  King  of 
France,  1560-1574:  reign  of,  9,  152; 
marries  daughter  of  Maximilian  II 
of  Germany,  18,  262;  Carolina 
named  for,  23,  47;  death  of,  11,  290 

Charles  (X)  of  Bourbon  (16th  cen- 
tury), titular  King  of  France:  de- 
clared king,  9,   166 

Charles  X  (1757-1836),  King  of 
France,  1824-1830:  elected  member 
of  the  States-General,  10,  39;  op- 
poses influence  of  Necker,  50; 
leaves  France,  9,  265,  10,  72;  opens 
correspondence  with  Lyons,  10,  115; 
hastens  the  determination  of  the 
cabinets  of  the  coalition,  136;  im- 
peached, 164;  attempts  invasion  of 
France,  9,  294;  returns  to  France, 
9,  350,  18,  388;  signs  armistice  with 
the  allies,  10,  499;  his  campaign 
against  Napoleon,  9,  360;  reign  of, 
382;  abdication  and  exile  of,  9,  392, 
21,  169 


150 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Charles  (I)  of  Anjou  (1220-1285), 
King  of  Naples  and  Sicily:  his  cru- 
sade against  Manfred,  4,  215;  acces- 
sion of,  9,  84,  18,  169;  reign  of,  8, 
244;  quarrel  with  the  kings  of  Ara- 
gon,  4,  217 

Charles  II  (1248-1309),  King  of  Na- 
ples: recognized  as  king,  9,  86; 
persecutes  the  Templars,  89 

Charles  (III)  of  Durazzo  (d.  1386), 
King  of  Naples:  seizes  the  throne 
of  Naples,  4,  261;  crowned  King  of 
Hungary,  17,  154 

Charles  (II)  le  Mauvais  (1332-138/), 
King  of  Navarre,  1350-1387:  reign 
of,  8,  210;  declares  war  against  John 
of  France,  9,  96;  taken  prisoner 
by  John  of  France,  97;  made  cap- 
tain general  of  Parisian  forces,  101 

Charles  (III)  the  Noble  (1 360-1425), 
King  of  Navarre,  1387-1425:  reign 
of,  8,  212 

Charles    I    (Charles    Eitel    Frederick 

Zephirin    Louis)     (1839 ),    King 

of   Rumania,   1881 :   account  of, 

14,  464;  accession  of,  15,  343 

Charles  I,  King  of  Spain:  see  Charles 
V,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

Charles  II,  III,  IV,  V  and  VII  of 
Spain:  see  Carlos  II,  III,  IV,  V 
and  VII 

Charles  VIII,  King  of  Sweden:  see 
Karl  (VIII)  Knudsson,  King  of 
Sweden 

Charles  IX  (1550-1611),  King  of 
Sweden,  1604-1611:  invested  with 
Soedermannland  and  Vermland,  16, 
160;  helps  to  depose  Erik,  163;  fa- 
vors the  Reformers,  165;  regent  of 
Sweden,  168,  170;  reign  of,  171; 
death  of,  174 

Charles  (X)  Gustavus  (1622-1660), 
King  of  Sweden,  1654-1660:  declared 
heir  presumptive,  16,  204;  reign  of, 
207;  Casimir,  seeks  aid  against,  15, 
380;  at  war  with  Denmark,  13, 
231;  death  of,  16,  209 

Charles  XI  (1655-1697),  King  of 
Sweden,  1660-1697:  accession  of,  16, 
210;  proclaimed  absolute  king,  213, 
243;  mediates  between  Holland  and 
France,  13,  245;  his  relations  with 
Patkul,  15,  38 


Charles  XII,  King  of  Sweden,  1697- 
1718,  called  the  Madman  of  the 
North:  born  at  Stockholm,  June  27, 
1682;  succeeded  his  father,  Charles 
XI,  in  1697;  invaded  Denmark,  May, 
1700;  concluded  a  treaty  with  the 
Danish  king,  August,  1700;  gained 
a  decisive  victory  over  the  Russians 
at  Narva,  November,  1700:  at  war 
with  the  Saxons  and  Poles,  1701- 
1706;  at  war  with  Russia,  1707-1709; 
after  his  defeat  at  Poltava,  July  8, 
1709,  escaped  to  Turkey  where  he 
remained  until  1714;  killed  at  the 
siege  of  Frederikshald,  November 
30,  1718 

Accession  of,  16,  213;  conflicts  of, 
15,  38,  18,  317;  at  war  with  Russia, 

14,  274;  his  relations  with   Poland, 

15,  381;  at  Bender,  16,  221;  terms 
of  Peace  of  Pruth  respecting,  14, 
281,  284;  returns  to  the  north,  16, 
222;  forms  alliance  with  Philip  V 
of  Spain,  8,  406,  11,  472;  death  of, 

15,  66,  16,  223 

Charles  XIII  (1748-1818),  King  of 
Sweden    and    Norway:    regency    of, 

16,  249;  accession  of,  252;  pro- 
claimed joint  ruler  of  Sweden  and 
Norway,  261 

Charles  (XIV)  John  (1764-1844), 
(Jean  Baptiste  Jules  Bernadotte), 
King  of  Sweden,  1818-1844:  cam- 
paigns of,  18,  367,  382;  ambassador 
to  Vienna,  17,  284;  dismissed 
through  Sieyes,  10,  408;  made  mar- 
shal of  the  French  empire,  9,  322; 
his  campaign  in  Jutland,  16,  251, 
257;  elected  heir  to  Swedish  throne, 
9,  33$$,  16,  254;  commands  the  army 
of  the  Rhine,  9,  308;  elected  king 
of  Sweden,  10,  481,  15,  218;  reign 
of,  16,  258,  278;  growth  of  Sweden 
under,  260 

Charles  (16th  century),  Archduke  of 
Austria,  son  of  Ferdinand  I:  given 
Styria,  Carinthia,  and  Carniola,  17, 
179;  rule  of,  180 

Charles  (Karl)  (1771-1847),  Archduke 
of  Austria:  estimate  of,  17,  292; 
made  governor  of  Austrian  Nether- 
lands, 13,  263;  his  campaigns  against 
the    French,    9,    299,    308,    325,    15, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


151 


214,  17,  282,  18,  360,  364,  367,  376; 
takes  command  of  the  army  of 
Italy,  17,  293;  in  the  war  of  the 
second  coalition,  13,  516,  17,  285 
Charles  (d.  1527),  Duke  of  Bourbon: 
joins    the    Emperor    Charles    V,    9, 

139 
Charles    of   Blois    (or    de    Chatillon) 

(d.  1364),  Duke  of  Brittany:  at  war 
with  Montfort,  9,  93 

Charles  the  Bold,  sometimes  called 
Charles  the  Rash,  Duke  of  Bur- 
gundy: born  in  Dijon,  France,  No- 
vember 10,  1433;  known  as  Comte 
de  Charolais  until  the  death  of  his 
father,  Philip  the  Good,  Duke  of 
Burgundy,  in  1467;  married  Mar- 
garet, sister  of  Edward  IV  of  Eng- 
land, 1468;  waged  war  against  Louis 
XI  of  France  and  took  him  pris- 
oner, 1468;  conquered  Lorraine, 
1475;  besieged  Grandson  and  was 
defeated  at  Murat,  1476;  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Nancy,  January  5,  1477 
Accession  and  marriage  of,  II, 
216;  career  of,  13,  42,  43,  18,  216; 
aids  Louis  XI  of  France,  9,  119; 
rebels  against  Louis  XI,  122;  his  re- 
lations with  the  Swiss,  13,  405; 
quarrels  with  Frederick  III  of  Ger- 
many, 406;  defeated  by  the  Swiss, 
.4,  256;  death  of,  13,  409 

Charles  of  Egmont  (Egmond)  (1467- 
1538),  Duke  of  Guelders,  a  Dutch 
prince:  career  of,  13,  52;  his  rela- 
tions with  Margaret  of  Austria,  53; 
recognized  as  stadtholder  of  Gro- 
ningen,  54;  death  of,  59 

Charles  (late  17th  century),  Duke  of 
Lorraine:  at  the  siege  of  Vienna, 
17,  184 

Charles  of  France  (late  10th  century), 
Duke  of  Lower  Lorraine:  sketch  of, 
13,  22;  obtains  Lower  Lorraine,  9, 
58;  claims  throne,  59 

Charles  (Carlo)  III  (1486-1553),  Duke 
of  Savoy:  reign  of,  4,  305;  at  war 
with  Francis  I  of  France,  9,  143; 
attempts  to  bring  Geneva  and  Lau- 
sanne under  his  sway,  13,  446 

Charles  (late  18th  century),  Duke  of 
Zweibriicken:  disputes  possession  of 
Bavaria,  18,  348 


Charles     (15th     century),     Prince    of 

Viana:  revolt  of,  8,  213 
Charles  of  Maine  (late  15th  century), 

nephew  of  Rene  of  Anjou:  will  of, 

9,  125 

Charles  of  Valois  (1 270-1 325),  Count 
of  Maine  and  Anjou:  named  as  suc- 
cessor of  Pedro  III  of  Aragon,  9, 
85;  receives  Maine  and  Anjou,  86 

Charles,  Cape:  see  Cape  Charles 

Charles  Albert,  Elector  of  Bavaria: 
see  Charles  VII,  Holy  Roman  Em- 
peror 

Charles  Albert  (1798-1849),  King  of 
Sardinia,  1831-1849:  regent  of  Sar- 
dinia, 4,  355;  reign  of,  357;  his  re- 
forms in  Piedmont,  9,  426;  at  war 
with  Austria,  17,  367,  18,  402;  ab- 
dication of,  17,  373 

Charles  Augustus  (1757-1828),  Grand- 
duke  of  Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: 
court  of,  18,  353 

Charles  Edward  Louis  Philip  Casimir, 
"The  Young  Pretender"  (1720- 
1788),  the  eldest  son  of  the  Cheva- 
lier de  St.  George:  attempts  to  win 
the  throne,  11,  487;  see  also  Pre- 
tender 

Charles  Emmanuel  I  (1701-1773), 
(III,  Duke  of  Savoy),  King  of  Sar- 
dinia, 1730-1773:  reign  of,  4,  331; 
forms  alliance  with  France,  9,  235; 
claims  duchy  of  Milan,  236 

Charles  Emmanuel  II  (IV,  Duke  of 
Savoy)  (1751-1819),  King  of  Sar- 
dinia, 1796-1802:  reign  of,  4,  344; 
abdication  of,  9,  307 

Charles  Emmanuel  (I)  the  Great 
(1562-1630),  Duke  of  Savoy:  reign 
of,  4,  317;  at  war  with  Henry  IV 
of  France,  9,  172;  aids  Protestants 
of  Bohemia,  17,  203;  candidate  for 
Bohemian  throne,  205 

Charles  Emmanuel  II  (1634-1675), 
Duke  of  Savoy:  reign  of,  4,  322 

Charles  Emmanuel  III  and  IV,  Dukes 
of  Savoy:  see  Charles  Emmanuel  I 
and  II,   Kings  of  Sardinia 

Charles  Frederick,  Duke  of  Holstein- 
Gottorp:  see  Frederick,  Duke  of 
Holstein-Gottorp 

Charles  Martel  (ca.  690-741),  King  of 
the  Franks:  rise  of,  1,  337;  defeated 


152 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


by  Radbod,  king  of  the  Friscons, 
13,  14;  career  of,  9,  36,  18,  70;  at 
the  battle  of  Tours,  1,  338,  8,  64,  XI, 
40,  14,  4;  aids  Pope,  4,  170 

Charles  Robert  of  Anjou,  King  of 
Hungary,  ca.  1309-1342:  crowned, 
17,  60;  reign  of,  151 

Charles  Theodore  (d.  1799),  Elector 
of  Bavaria:  concludes  a  treaty  with 
Austria,  17,  250;  his  struggles  for 
Bavaria,  18,  348 

Charleston,  South  Carolina:  perma- 
nently founded,  23,  76;  polling-place 
of  colony,  78;  tea  stored  in  damp 
cellars,  219;  siege  of  (1776),  236; 
population  in  time  of  Jackson,  479; 
President  enforces  customs  collec- 
tions at,  494;  Ordinance  of  Nullifi- 
cation suspended  at,  496;  abolition 
literature  taken  from  the  mails,  24, 
576;  Democratic  national  conven- 
tion, 678;  secession  convention,  684; 
Confederates  seize  arsenal,  691 ; 
United  States  property  seized  by 
State  authorities,  704;  rejoices  over 
surrender  of  Fort  Sumter,  712; 
threatened  by  Sherman,  807;  evac- 
uated, 808 

Charlestown,  Virginia:  execution  of 
John  Brown  at,  24,  675 

Charlotte,  North  Carolina:  Confed- 
erates seize  United  States  mint,  24, 
692 

Charlotte  (ca.  1721),  Princess  of  Wolf- 
enbiittel:  marries  Alexis,   15,  74 

Charlotte  (1796-1817),  daughter  of 
George  IV  of  England:  marriage 
of,  11,  573 

Charlotte  of  Bavaria  (ca.  1825)  Em- 
press of  Austria:  crowned  queen  of 
Hungary,  17,  338 

Charlotte  of  Montmorency  (ca.  1608), 
Princess  of  Conde:  relations  with 
Henry  IV  of  France,  9,   175 

Charlotte  of  Savoy  (ca.  1450),  marries 
Louis  XI  of  France,  9,  119 

Charlottetown  Conference:  a  confer- 
ence held  to  bring  about  a  union 
of  the  maritime  provinces  of  Can- 
ada (1861),  20,  164 

Charminus  (ca.  411  B.C.),  a  Samian 
general:  defeated  at  Samos,  2,  357 


Charnay,  a  contemporary  archaeolo- 
gist: his  work  in  Mexico,  22,  82 

Charnock,  Job  (ca.  1680),  agent  of 
East  India  Company:  obliged  to  de- 
sert factory  at  Kasimbazar,  5,  166 

Charon,  a  Theban  citizen:  aids  con- 
spiracy against  Leontiades,  2,  423 

Charruas,  The,  a  tribe  of  Indians  in 
South  America:  description  of,  21, 
138 

Charter  Colonies,  23,  114 

Charter  for  the  Russian  Empire,  Im- 
perial, a  constitution  for  Russia 
formulated  in  1818:  account  of,  15, 
266 

Charter  Oak,  a  tree  famous  in  Amer- 
ican legendary  history  which  form- 
erly stood  in  Hartford,  Connecticut: 
story  of,  23,  100 

Charter  of  1319:  a  charter  freeing  the 
nobles  and  clergy  in  Denmark  from 
taxes,  16,  113 

Chartered  Company,  a  British  South 
African  mining  company:  sketch  of, 

19,    225 

Charters,  American  Colonial:  Caro- 
linas,  23,  74;  Connecticut,  100;  Geor- 
gia, 80;  Maine,  95;  New  Hampshire, 
96;  Maryland,  68;  Massachusetts,  86; 
New  Jersey,  109;  New  York,  105; 
Pennsylvania,  Hi;  Plymouth,  83; 
Rhode  Island,  94,  100;  Virginia,  56 

Charters,  English:  granted  to  towns 
by  Henry  I,  11,  117 

Charton,  President  of  Parliament  of 
Paris  1648:  arrest  of,  ordered,  9, 
201 

Chartres,  France:  in  French  claims, 
23,  168 

Chase,  Salmon  Portland,  an  American 
statesman  and  jurist:  born  in  Corn- 
ish, N.  H.,  January  13,  1808;  edu- 
cated at  Bishop  Philander  Chase's 
academy  in  Ohio  and  at  Dartmouth 
College,  graduating  from  the  latter 
in  1826;  taught  school  in  Washing- 
ton while  studying  law,  1826-1829; 
moved  to  Cincinnati,  1830;  made  so- 
licitor for  the  United  States  Bank 
in  Cincinnati,  1834;  was  United 
States  Senator  from  Ohio,  1849- 
1855;  Governor  of  Ohio,  1856-1860; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


153 


Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  1861- 
1864;  Chief-Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  1864-1873;  presided  over  the 
impeachment  trial  of  President 
Johnson,  1868;  died  in  New  York 
City,  May  7,  1873 

Member  of  Buffalo  convention 
(1848),  24,  558;  speech  on  compro- 
mise measures,  607;  writes  and 
signs  address  against  Douglas,  633; 
answers  Douglas's  speech  (1853), 
634;  leader  of  Republican  Party, 
653;  in  Republican  convention,  680; 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  708;  fa- 
vored for  President,  799;  opposes 
Legal  Tender  Act,  820,  900;  estab- 
lishes national  banking  system, 
820;  administers  oath  of  office  to 
Johnson,  830;  presides  over'  trial  of 
President  Johnson,  851;  aspires  to 
Presidency,  858 

Chase,  Samuel  (1741-1811),  an  Ameri- 
can jurist:  impeached,  23,  391 

Chasse,  David  Hendrik,  Baron  (1765- 
1849),  a  Dutch  general:  at  siege  of 
Antwerp,  13,  297,  303 

Chasseloup-Laubat,  Justin  Napoleon 
Prosper,  Comte  de  (1805-1873),  a 
French    politician:    ministry    of,    9, 

459 

Chateaubriand,  Frangois  Rene  Au- 
guste,  Vicomte  (1 768-1848),  a  cele- 
brated French  author  and  states- 
man: at  the  Verona  Congress,  9, 
379;  forms  a  new  opposition  party, 
381 

Chateau-Cambresis,  Peace  of:  see  Ca- 
teau-Cambresis,  Treaty  of  and  also 
Unfortunate  Peace,  The 

Chateauneuf,  Marquis  de  (ca.  1680) : 
his  embassy  to  Constantinople,   14, 

259 
Chateau-Thierry,     France:     battle     of 

(1814),  9,  346,  10,  491 
Chateauvieux  Regiment:  revolt  of,  10, 

125 
Chatel,    John    0575-1594),    a    French 

fanatic:      attempts      to     assassinate 

Henry  IV  of  France,  9,  170 
Chatelain  (ca.  1830),  a  French  editor: 

opposes  the  decrees  of  July  25,  1830, 

9,  390 
Chatelet,   du,    French   ambassador   to 


England  (ca.  1754) :  his  quarrel  with 
Chernichev,  15,  144 

Chatelet,  Duke  du,  a  member  of 
States-General  1789:  proposes  the 
redemption  of  tithes,  10,  74 

Chatham,  John  Pitt,  Earl  of:  see  Pitt, 
John,  Earl  of  Chatham 

Chatham,  William  Pitt,  Earl  of:  see 
Pitt,  William,  Earl  of  Chatham 

Chatillon,  France:  battle  of  (1793), 
10,  276 

Chatillon,  Count  of  (ca.  1635),  a 
French  commander  of  Army  of 
North:  campaigns  in  Thirty  Years' 
War,  9,  191;  in  Belgium,  13,  211 

Chatillon,  Odet  (ca.  1560),  a  French 
diplomat:  plots  against  the  Guises, 
9,  ISO 

Chattahoochie  River,  Georgia:  Sher- 
man crosses,  24,  795;  Hood  crosses 
en  route  for  Tennessee,  803 

Chattanooga,  Tennessee:  battle  of 
Chickamauga  near,  24,  783;  effect 
of  Confederate  loss  of,  785;  esti- 
mated losses  in  battles  around,  785 

Chatti,  a  Germanic  tribe:  location  of, 
18,  6;  defeated  by  Drusus,  15;  in- 
vade Gaul,  23;  relation  of,  to 
Franks,  28 

Chaucer,  Geoffrey,  called  the  Father 
of  English  Poetry:  was  born  in 
London  probably  about  1340;  re- 
ceived a  liberal  education;  was  in 
the  service  of  the  king  and  the  gov- 
ernment from  1359  to  1386,  being 
sent  on  several  royal  missions  to 
Italy,  Flanders,  and  France;  wrote 
"  The  Canterbury  Tales "  after 
1380;  died  in  London,  October  25, 
1400 

His  "Canterbury  Tales,"  11,  176, 
238 

Chauci,  a  German  tribe:  location  of, 
18,  6;  invade  Rhine  country,  23; 
incorporated  with  Saxons,  28 

Chaul,  India:  battle  of  (1508),  5,  148 

Chaulnes,  Marshal  (ca.  1640),  a 
French  soldier:  his  campaigns  in  the 
Thirty  Years'  War,  9,  194 

Chaumont,  Treaty  of,  an  alliance  be- 
tween Austria,  Great  Britain,  Prus- 
sia, and  Russia  against  Napoleon  I 
(1814),  9,  347,  17,  3ii 


154 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Chazars:  see  Khazars 

Chebreiss,  France:  battle  of  (1798),  9, 

309 

Chechela  (ca.  1708),  a  Russian  soldier: 
defends  Baturin,  15,  50 

Cheeves,  Langdon  (ca.  1812),  a  Re- 
publican   leader:    in    Congress,    23, 

417 

Chefoo  Convention,  The:  see  Chifu 
Convention 

Chemishev,  Colonel,  a  guerrilla  leader: 
rescues  Benningsen  and  Narishkin, 
15,  246 

Chemnitz,  Philip  (Hippolytus  a  La- 
pide)  (1605-1678),  a  German  histo- 
rian and  councilor  of  Christina  of 
Sweden:  his  pamphlet  on  the  Holy 
Roman   Empire,  17,   182 

Chemnitz,  Ivan  Ivanovitch:  see 
Khemnitzer 

Chemulpo,  Korea:  destroyed  by  Japa- 
nese, 7,  194;  battle  of  (1904),  7,  303, 
15,  361 

Chen  Kwojui  (ca.  1870),  a  Chinese 
rebel:  directs  attack  on  mission- 
aries, 6,  225;  career  of,  227 

Cheng,  General  (ca.  1862),  a  Chinese 
commander:  at  siege  of  Kunshan, 
6,  201 

Cheng  Chihlung  (ca.  1661),  Chinese 
admiral:  account  of,  6,  57 

Cheng  Te,  General  (ca.  1790),  a  Chi- 
nese soldier:  duplicity  of,  6,  100 

Chengt'ung  (d.  1465),  Emperor  of 
China:  taken  prisoner,  6,  32 

Chenier,  Marie  Joseph  de  (1764-1811), 
a   French  poet:   opposes   Napoleon, 

9,  319;  advocates  the  cause  of  the 
proscribed  conventionalists,  10,  330 

Chennapatam:  see  Madras 
Ch'enyuan   (ca.    1640),   Chinese   slave: 

story  of,  6,  52 
Chera,  Kingdom  of,  India:  description 

of,  5,  105 
Cherasco,     Amnesty     of     (1796),     an 

armistice    between     Napoleon     and 

Victor    Amadeus    III    of    Sardinia, 

10,  380 

Cherkaski,  Prince  Alexis  Mikhailo- 
vitch  (ca.  1730),  a  Russian  conspir- 
ator and  statesman:  conspiracy  of, 
15,  no;  a  member  of  Anne's  cabi- 
net, 112;  leads  revolt  against  Biron, 


126;   under  Anna  Leopoldovna,  128 

Chernichev,  Russian  ambassador  to 
England  (ca.  1754):  his  quarrel  with 
Du  Chatelet,  15,  144;  plots  for 
Catherine,  155 

Chernigov,  Russia:  under  the  Varan- 
gians, 15,  5 

Cherokee  Indians,  tribe  of  North 
American  Indians:  religious  beliefs, 
23,  8;  invent  a  system  of  writing, 
12;  friendly  relations  with  Ogle- 
thorpe, 81;  trouble  with  Georgia, 
486;  Jackson's  stand  against,  487; 
removed  to  Indian  Territory,  488 

Cherry  Valley,  New  York:  massacre 
of,  23,  297 

Cherubusco,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1847), 
22,  349,  24,  550 

Cherusci,  an  ancient  German  tribe: 
location  of,  18,  6;  extinction  of,  23; 
incorporated  with  Saxons,  28 

"Chesapeake,"  American  frigate:  at- 
tacked by  the  "  Leopard,"  23,  409; 
defeated  by  the  "  Shannon,"  423 

Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal:  gov- 
ernment aids,  23,  442 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal:  con- 
structed, 23,  480 

Chesney,  Sir  George  Tomkyns  (1830- 
1895),  British  officer  and  author:  his 
plans  for  frontier  defense,  5,  269 

Chester,  England:  captured  by  the 
English  (613  A.D.),  11,  31;  conquest 
of,  by  William  I  (1070),  73 

Chester,  Pennsylvania:  meeting  of 
first  Pennsylvania  legislature  at 
(1682),  23,  in 

Chesterfield,  Philip  Dormer  Stanhope, 
Earl  of  (1694-1773),  English  cour- 
tier, orator,  and  wit:  anticipates  the 
French  Revolution,  10,  12 

Chesme:  see  Tchesme 

Chetardie,  Joachim  Jacques  Trotti, 
Marquis  de  la  (1705-1758),  French 
diplomat:  intrigues  of,  15,  131,  134, 
139,  16,  228 

Cheverny  (ca.  1700),  Bishop  of 
Troyes:  made  member  of  the  coun- 
cil of  regency,  9,  227 

Chevert,  Francois  (1695-1769),  French 
general:  in  the  War  of  the  Austrian 
Succession,  9,  237 

Chevy  Chase,  Ballad  of:  English  song 


GENERAL    INDEX 


155 


recounting  incidents  of  battle  of 
Otterburn,  12,  287;  see  also  Otter- 
burn 

Cheyenne  Indians,  tribe  of  North 
American  Indians:  belong  to  Al- 
gonquian  stock,  23,  8  • 

Chiaching,  Emperor  of  China,  1522- 
1567:  reign  of,  6,  35 

Chiach'ing,  Emperor  of  China,  1796- 
1820:  accession  of,  6,  116;  attempts 
to  assassinate,  117;  death  of,  122; 
character  of,  123 

Chiao-tow,  Korea:  captured  by  the 
Japanese,  7,  310 

Chiari,  northern  Italy:  battle  of 
(1701),  9,  220 

Chibchas,  tribe  of  South  American 
Indians:  destruction  of,  21,  18 

Chicago,  Illinois:  its  rank  in  Jack- 
son's time,  23,  479;  Republican  con- 
vention meets,  24,  63o;  Democratic 
national  convention  (1864),  800; 
popular  respect  to  Lincoln's  re- 
mains, 827;  Republican  convention 
(1868),  857;  branch  of  the  Whiskey 
Ring,  894;  fire  of  1871,  902;  riots 
during  railroad  strikes,  919;  Repub- 
lican and  Democratic  conventions 
(1884),  942;  anarchist  riot  (1887), 
961;  World's  Fair,  981,  1009;  Demo- 
cratic convention  (1892),  989;  the 
Pullman  car  strike,  1002;  Democrat- 
ic convention  (1896),  1012;  Repub- 
lican convention  (1904),  1062 

Chichen-Itza,  a  ruined  city  of  north- 
ern Yucatan:  battle  of  (1528),  22, 
424 

Chichester,  Sir  Arthur  (1563-1625), 
English  soldier  and  statesman:  man- 
ages the  Plantation  in  Ireland,  12, 
109 

Chichimecas  (Chichimecs),  an  old 
term  used  to  designate  wild  and 
dangerous  tribes  of  Indians:  attack 
the  Spaniards,  22,  137 

Chickahominy  River,  Virginia:  opera- 
tions in  civil  war  near,  24,  758 

Chickamauga,  Tennessee:  battle  of 
(1863),  24,  783;  Thomas  at,  803 

Chickasaw  Bluffs  or  Bayou,  near 
Vicksburg,  Mississippi:  in  French 
claims,  23,  168;  Sherman  at,  24,  775 

Chickasaw    Indians,    tribe    of    North 


American  Indians:  location,  23, 
8;  Tecumseh  seeks  alliance  of,  416; 
removed  to   Indian  Territory,  488 

Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States: 
salary,  23,  346;  John  Jay,  the  first, 
346 

Chieh  Kwei,  Emperor  of  China,  1739- 
1687  B.  C:  reign  of,  6,  6 

Ch'ien  Men  Gate,  The,  China:  de- 
struction of,  6,  300 

Ch'ienlung,  Emperor  of  China,  1735- 
1796:  accession  of,  6,  82;  his  clem- 
ency, 83;  his  war  with  Burma,  93; 
greatest  of  Manchu  rulers,  103; 
abdication  of,  115 

Chifu  (Chefoo)  Convention,  The 
(I875),  settlement  between  English 
and  Chinese  representatives,   6,  241 

Chigirin,  Russia:  defense  of,  15,  25 

Chihli,  China:  anti-foreign  demonstra- 
tions in,  6,  278,  299;  foreign  troops 
commit  outrages  in,  306 

Ch'ihsiu  (ca.  1900),  Chinese  Boxer: 
sentenced,  6,  285 

Child,  Sir  John  (ca.  1660),  English 
officer:  governor  of  Bombay,  5,  167 

Child,  Sir  Josia  (1630-1699),  English 
merchant:  controls  the  company  in 
London,  5,   168 

Child  of  Fortune,  The:  see  Massena, 
Andre 

Child  of  Victory,  The  Favored:  see 
Massena,  Andre 

Childebert  I,  Frankish  king,  5 11-558 
A.D.:  reign  of,  9,  24,  18,  62 

Childebert  II,  Frankish  king,  575-596 
A.D.:  reign  of,  9,  27 

Childebert  III,  Frankish  king,  695-711 
A.D.:  reign  of,  9,  35 

Childeric  I,  King  of  the  Franks,  458- 
480  A.D. :  reign  of,  9,  17 

Childeric  II,  King  of  the  Franks,  660- 
673  A.D.:  reign  of,  9,  34,  18,  69 

Childeric  III,  King  of  the  Franks, 
742-750   A.D.:   reign   of,   9,   38,   18, 

75 

Childs,  Thomas  (ca.  1850),  American 
colonel:  in  the  Mexican  War,  22, 
333,  372 

Chili,  a  republic  of  South  America: 
conquered  by  the  Spaniards,  21,  21, 
25;  Drake  lays  waste  the  coast  of, 
30;  work  of  the  Jesuits  in,  20,  97; 


156 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


wins  her  independence  from  Spain, 
8,  519,  31,  57;  fro™  1825  to  1876, 
31,  215;  from  1876  to  1906,  233,  238; 
revolution  of  1891,  34,  978;  at  war 
with  Bolivia,  31,  234 
Chilianwala,    India:    battle    of   (1849), 

5,  226 

Chili- Argentine  Dispute  (1895-1902), 
over  boundaries,  31,  261 

Chilkoot  Pass,  Alaska:  awarded  to 
United  States  in  Alaskan  boundary 
dispute,  24,  1054 

Chilperic  I,  Frankish  king,  561-584  A. 
D.:  reign  of,  9,  26,  18,  61 

Chilperic  II,  Frankish  king,  715-720 
A.D.:  reign  of,  18,  71 

Ch'in  Dynasty,  The,  ca.  300  B.  C. 
reign  of,  6,  10 

Ch'in  Dynasty,  the  Western,  from  265 
A.D.,  6,  14 

China,  History  of:  early  history  of  the 
empire,  6,  3;  the  Yuan  and  Ming 
dynasties,  17;  rise  of  the  Manchus, 
42;  the  reigns  of  Yungcheng  and 
Ch'ienlung,  78;  the  opening  of  dip- 
lomatic intercourse  with  foreign  na 
tions,  107;  the  reign  of  Chiach'ing 
•and  the  first  years  of  his  successor 
116;  foreign  relations  and  the  Opiun 
War  with  England,  127;  the  second 
foreign  war,  155;  Anglo-French 
wars,  169;  the  T'aip'ing  Rebellion 
193;  the  Nienfei  and  Mohammedan 
Rebellions,  209;  the  last  years  of 
T'ungchih  and  the  accession  of 
Kwanghsii,  223;  the  war  with  Japan 

6,  265,  7,  16,  26,  191;  reforms,  reac- 
tion, and  the  Boxer  Rebellion,  6 
275;  the  coup  d'etat  of  1898,  289; 
the  Boxer  movement,  6,  296,  24 
1047;  the  Russo-Japanese  War,  6 
308,  7,  276;  the  present  situation,  6 
318;  immigration  to  the  United 
States  restriction  in  party  plat- 
forms   (1880),  24,  931 

China,  The  Philosopher  of:  see  Con- 
fucius 

Chincha  Islands,  off  the  coast  of  Peru: 
seized  by  Spain,  21,  203,  220 

Chinese  Exclusion  Act,  an  act  passed 
by  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  (1878):  passed,  24,  921;  cam- 


paigns of  1888,  958;  reenacted,  6, 
320,  24,  1048 

Chinese  in  America:  movement 
against,  24,  919;  immigration  re- 
stricted, 931 

Ching,  Prince  (living),  a  Chinese  en- 
voy: appointed  plenipotentiary,  6, 
278,  285,  303;  accepts  terms  of  peace 
with  powers,  286;  his  negotiations 
concerning  Manchuria,  7,  289,  295 

Ch'ing  Dynasty,  The,  Chinese  rulers: 
established,  6,  49 

Chingis  Khan  or  Chinghis  Khan:  see 
Genghis  Khan 

Chinhai,  China:  capture  of,  6,  138 

Chinkiang,  China:   capture  of,   6,    140 

Chin-lien-cheng,  China:  Japanese  take, 
15,  361 

Chino-Japanese  War,  a  war  between 
China  and  Japan  (1894-1895): 
causes,  6,  265,  266,  7,  253;  battles  of 
Asan  (1894),  6,  266;  of  the  Yalu 
River  (1894),  268;  Port  Arthur 
(1894),  268;  peace  treaty,  270;  re- 
sults, 6,  268,  275,  290,  313,  11,  639 

Chinsurah,     British    India:     siege     of 

(1759),  5,  155 

Chintila,  King  of  the  Goths,  7th  cen- 
tury A.  D.:  reign  of,  8,  44 

Chios,  an  island  in  the  /Egean  Sea: 
colonized  by  Greeks,  2,  55;  His- 
tioeus  at,  136;  fleet  of,  at  Lade,  137; 
revolts  from  Persia,  212;  from  Ath- 
ens, 352;  from  Sparta,  401;  beset  by 
the  Athenians,  357;  joins  Athenian 
naval  alliance,  429;  engages  in  the 
Social  War,  454;  taken  by  Memnon, 
490;  rise  of,  513;  massacre  at,  544 

Chios,  The  Man  of:  see  Homer 

Chippenham,  Peace  of,  a  peace  be- 
tween  Alfred   and   the   Danes,   11, 

43 
Chippewa,   Canada:   battle  of   (18 14), 

23,  425 
Chitor,  India:  seige  of  (1303),  5,  99 
Chitral,  India:  seige  of  (1895),  5,  278 
Chitu  (ca.  1815),  a  leader  of  the  Pin- 

daris  in  India:  leads  revolt,  5,  208 
Chiulien-cheng,     China:    captured    by 

the  Japanese,  7,  267 
Chlodoweg:  see  Clovis 
Chlopicki,  Joseph   (1771-1854),  a  Po- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


157 


lish  general:  in  the  Polish  insurrec- 
tion, 15,  293 

Chlumec,  Austria-Hungary:  reign  of 
(1126),  17,  66 

Choate,  Rufus,  an  American  lawyer 
and  statesman:  born  in  Ipswich, 
now  called  Essex,  Massachusetts, 
October  1,  1799;  as  a  boy  showed 
unusual  natural  endowments,  was 
graduated  from  Dartmouth  College, 
1819,  and,  after  the  study  of  law  at 
Cambridge,  entered  the  office  of  the 
Attorney-General  of  United  States 
at  Washington;  practised  law  in 
Danvers,  Massachusetts;  went  to 
Salem,  where  he  was  elected,  1832, 
representative  of  the  Essex  South 
District  in  Congress;  upon  remov- 
ing to  Boston  he  was  closely  en- 
gaged in  his  profession  and  soon 
gained  a  reputation  as  an  eloquent 
lawyer;  became  United  States  Sen- 
ator, 1841,  and  made  some  forcible 
speeches  in  the  Senate;  returned  to 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  in 
1845,  and  never  entered  the  public 
service  again  in  spite  of  solicita- 
tions; retired  from  business  upon 
the  failure  of  his  health  in  1859,  and 
sailed  for  Europe  but  died  at  Hali- 
fax, Nova  Scotia,  July  13,  1859 
'  Makes  campaign  speeches  (1840), 
24,  524;  quoted  on  influence  of  "  Un- 
cle Tom's  Cabin,"  638;  his  influence 
in  election  (1856),  657 

Choco,  South  America:  rebels  against 
Spanish  authority,  31,  56 

Chocolate:  first  used  in  England,  11, 
418 

Choctaw  Indians,  a  tribe  of  North 
Americans:  location,  23,  8;  Tecum- 
seh  seeks  alliance  of,  416;  removal 
to  Indian  Territory,  488 

Choiseul,  fitienne  Francois,  Due  de 
(1719-1785),  a  French  statesman: 
Louis  XV  intrigues  against  policy 
of,  5,  180;  expels  Jesuits  from 
France,  8,  419;  urges  peace  with 
England,  9,  246;  disgraced  and  ban- 
ished, 249;  his  policy  in  Sweden, 
16,  229;  intrigues  against  England, 
20,  125 


Chokier,  de  (ca.  1830),  member  of  Bel- 
gium provisional  government,  13, 
1297 

Chola,  Kingdom  of,  India:  description 
of,  5,  105 

Cholet,  France:  battles  of  (i793)»  10, 
248  note,  249,  276 

Cholula,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1519)*  33> 
20 

Chom  Wei-king  (ca.  1600),  minister 
from  China:  attempts  to  negotiate 
peace  with  Japan,  7,  119 

Chorillos,  Peru:  taken  by  the  Chilians 
(1881),  3i,  237 

Chosroes:  see  Khusru 

Chotek,  Count  (ca.  1848),  Burggrave 
of  Bohemia:  resigns,  17,  350 

Chotek,  Count  Rudolf  (ca.  1740),  an 
Austrian  statesman:  intrusted  with 
the  reform  of  the  finances  in  the 
hereditary  provinces,  17,  257;  policy 
of,  262;  resigns,  274 

Chotek,  Countess  Sophia:  marries  the 
Archduke  Francis  Ferdinand  (1900), 

17,  456 

Chotimir  (8th  century,  A.D.),  Prince 
of  the  Slovenes:  labors  for  the  con- 
version of  his  people,  17,  37 

Chotin,  Russia:  fall  of  (1739),  14,  314. 
15,  124;  surrender  of  (1769),  15,  176 

Chouannerie,  The,  a  guerrilla  warfare 
in  France,  1794-1796:  sketch  of,  10, 
248  note 

Chouans,  royalist  insurgents  of  Brit- 
tany during  the  French  revolution: 
plots  against  Napoleon,  10,  441 

Chow  Dynasty,  The,  China,  6,  8 

Chow  Sin,  an  early  emperor  of  China, 
6,  7 

Chramme  (ca.  547  A.  D.),  Frankish 
prince:  rebellion  of,  9,  26 

Christchurch,  New  Zealand:  founded, 
20,  213 

Christian  I  (1426-1481),  King  of  Den- 
mark, 1448-1481:  accession  of,  16, 
132;  his  relations  with  Slesvig-Hol- 
stein,  266;  death  of,   136 

Christian  II  (1481-1559),  King  of 
Denmark  and  Norway,  1513-1523, 
called  the  Nero  of  the  North:  sketch 
of,  16,  no;  education  of,  147;  made 
Viceroy  of  Norway,    148;    crowned 


153 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


King  of  Sweden,  149;  flees  from  his 
realm,  154;  reign  of,  189;  deposition 
and  imprisonment  of,  192 

Christian  III  (1502-1559),  King  of 
Denmark  and  Norway,  1534-1559, 
called  the  Father  of  the  People:  re- 
moves Christian  II  to  Kallundborg, 
16,  192;  reign  of,  194;  death  of,  195 

Christian  IV  (1577-1648),  King  of 
Denmark  and  Norway,  1588-1648: 
reign  of,  16,  199;  his  wars  against 
Sweden,  176,  187;  takes  part  in  the 
Thirty  Years'  War,  9,  190,  16,  180, 
201;  makes  alliance  with  England, 
11,  321;  forms  union  against  Fred- 
erick II  of  Germany,  18,  273 

Christian  V  (1646-1699),  King  of  Den- 
mark and  Norway,  1670-1699:  reign 
of,  16,  233;  death  of,  236 

Christian  VI  (1699-1746),  King  of 
Denmark  and  Norway,  1730-1746: 
reign  of,  16,  238 

Christian  VII  (1749-1808),  King  of 
Denmark  and  Norway,  1766-1808: 
reign  of,  16,  240;  his  relations  to 
Slesvig-Holstein,  267;  death  of,  257 

Christian  VIII  (1 786-1848),  King  of 
Denmark,  1839-1849:  reign  of,  16, 
265 

Christian  IX  (1818-1906),  King  of 
Denmark,  1863-1906,  called  the  pa- 
triarch of  Europe:  made  heir  pre- 
sumptive, 16,  273;  in  the  Schleswig- 
Holstein  controversy,  18,  408;  Bis- 
marck recognizes  his  claim  on  Sles- 
vig-Holstein, 16,  274;  party  to  the 
Treaty  of  Vienna  (1864),  17,  391; 
death  of,  16,  291 

Christian  (19th  century),  Duke  of 
Augustenburg:  in  the  Slesvig-Hol- 
stein controversy,  16,  268,  272;  re- 
nounces his  pretensions,  273 

Christian  (early  17th  century),  Prince 
of  Brunswick:  struggles  against  im- 
perial forces,  13,  204;  campaigns  of, 
18,  271,  273 

Christian  Augustus  (d.  1810),  Prince 
of  Augustenburg:  proposed  as  Dan- 
ish king,  16,  252;  death  of,  253 

Christian  Frederick,  King  of  Norway, 
1814 :  elected  king,  16,  260 

Christian  Alliance,  The,  a  league  be- 
tween    Austria     and     the     Catholic 


states  of  Switzerland  (1529),  13,  442 

Christian  Commission,  The,  an  or- 
ganization which  looked  after  the 
spiritual  and  mental  needs  of  sol- 
diers during  the  Civil  War:  work  of, 
24,  825 

Christianity:  see  Religion 

Christina  (1626-1689),  Queen  of 
Sweden,  1632-1654,  called  the  Snow 
Queen:  commended  to  the  diet,  16, 
180:  reign  of,  204;  abdication  of, 
206;  reclaims  the  throne,  207 

Christina,  Fort,  on  the  Delaware: 
erected  by  the  Swedes  (1638),  16, 
179 

Christophe,  Henri  (1767-1820),  negro 
insurgent  of  Hayti:  leads  resistance 
to  French,  20,  140;  insurrection 
against  Dessalines,  22,  493 

Christopher  I  (d.  1259),  King  of  Den- 
mark, ca.  1250-1259:  invested  with 
Laaland  and  Falster,  16,  91;  reign 
of,  92 

Christopher  II  (1276-1333),  King  of 
Denmark,  1319-1333:  pawns  Danish 
provinces,  16,  107;  accession  of,  113; 
deposition  and  death  of,  113 

Christopher  (III)  of  Bavaria  (d.  1448), 
King  of  Denmark,  1440-1448:  re- 
gency of,  16,  129;  accession  to  Dan- 
ish throne,  129;  chosen  King  of 
Sweden  and  Norway,  130;  death  of, 
132 

Christopher  (16th  century),  Count  of 
Oldenburg:  in  the  Count's  Feud, 
16,  194 

Chrobates,  Poland:  location  of  the,  15, 
372 

Chu:  see  Hungwu 

Chuai,  Emperor  of  Japan,  ca.  200  A. 
D. :  his  campaign  against  the  Ku- 
maso,  7,  12 

Chuang,  Prince  (ca.  1900),  Boxer 
leader:  sentence  of,  6,  285 

Chukyo,  Emperor  of  Japan,  ca.  1220: 
accession  of,  7,  71 

Chumbi  Valley,  between  India  and 
Tibet:  British  occupation  of,  6,  316, 

317 
Chumda  Sahib  (d.  1756),  Nabob  of  the 

Carnatic:  recognized  by  the  French, 

9,  242 
Chung  How    (ca.    1870),    Chinese   of- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


159 


ficial:  appointed  to  investigate  mas- 
sacre of  Christians,  6,  224;  sent  to 
Paris,  227 

Chung  Wang  (d.  1862),  Chinese 
prince:  in  rebellion,  6,  193;  his 
death,  205 

Chunghwan  (d.  ca.  1630),  Chinese 
leader:  marches  on  Peking,  6,  47; 
executed,  48 

Chuquisaca:  see  Sucre 

Church,  Benjamin  (1639-1718),  Amer- 
ican  soldier:   captures   King   Philip, 

23,  98 

Church  of  England:  see  Episcopal 
Church 

Churches,  The  City  of  Forty-times 
Forty:  see  Moscow 

Churchill,  Lord  Randolph  (1849-1895), 
an  English  politician:  his  report 
concerning  Mashonaland,  19,  229 

Churubusco:  see  Cherubusco 

Cialdini,  Enrico  (1811-1892),  Italian 
general,  politician,  and  diplomat:  in 
the  war  against  the  Papacy,  4,  381; 
sent  against   Garibaldi,   387 

Cibola,  fabled  city  of  Mexico:  search 
for,  22,  112,  23,  41 

Cicala,  Pasha  (ca.  1600),  Turkish 
leader:  account  of,  14,  206,  207,  208 

Cicero,  Marcus  Tullius,  Roman  ora- 
tor, philosopher,  and  statesman, 
called  the  Father  of  his  Country  and 
the  Father  of  Roman  Philosophy: 
born  at  Arpinum,  Italy,  January  3, 
106  B.C.;  belonged  by  birth  to  the 
equestrian  order,  educated  by  Ar- 
chias,  the  Greek  poet  and  Aelius 
the  grammarian;  received  toga  vir- 
ilis,  in  91  B.C.,  and  thereupon  took 
up  the  study  of  law;  served  in  the 
Social  War,  89  B.C.;  after  which  he 
resumed  his  studies;  became  a 
pleader  in  the  Forum  at  the  age  of 
twenty-five  and  his  first  well-known 
defense  was  that  of  Sextus  Roscius 
Amerinus;  traveled  in  the  interests 
of  health  and  learning,  70-77;  elected 
quaestor,  76;  conducted  prosecution 
of  Verres;  elected  aedile,  69;  be- 
came praetor,  66,  during  which  time 
he  made  his  celebrated  speech  for 
the  Manilian  Law;  candidate  for 
consulship,    64,    and    entered    upon 


office  January,  63;  achieved  a  repu- 
tation in  suppressing  Catalina's 
conspiracy,  63;  upon  retiring  from 
office  became  a  private  senator  in 
Rome;  refused  to  join  the  First 
Triumvirate,  60;  on  account  of  a 
law  proposed  by  Clodius  through 
enmity  for  Cicero,  he  retired  into 
Greece,  April,  58  B.C.;  was  recalled 
to  Rome,  September,  57;  appointed 
governor  of  Cilicia,  51-50;  fluctu- 
ated between  Caesar  and  Pompey  in 
their  dispute,  but  finally  went  over 
to  Caesar;  devoted  himself  to  com- 
position in  retirement,  took  no  part 
in  assassination  of  Caesar,  de- 
nounced actions  of  Mark  Antony 
in  the  Philippics;  was  proscribed 
by  triumvirs  and  killed  by  the  in- 
strument of  Antony  on  December 
7,  43  B.C. 

Indicts  verses,  3,  266;  favors 
Pompey  for  command  in  the  East, 
271;  elected  consul,  281;  denounces 
conspiracy  of  Catilina,  282;  attempt 
to  assassinate,  282;  banished,  291; 
recalled,  312;  in  the  service  of  the 
regents,  317;  joins  the  murders  of 
Caesar,  4,  6;  attacks  Antonius  in 
the  Senate,  11;  attempts  to  unite 
all  parties  against  Antonius,  12; 
publishes  his  second  Philippic,  13; 
commands  in  Rome,  13;  death,  15 

Cicero,  Quintus  Tullius  (102-43  B.C.), 
Roman  commander:  in  battle  with 
the  Gauls,  3,  305 

Cicero,  The  British:  see  Pitt,  William 
(1708-1778) 

Cicero  of  the  British  Senate,  The: 
see  Canning,  George 

Cienfuegos,  Cuba:  blockaded,  24,  1027 

Cilicia,  Asia  Minor:  conquered  by  the 
Saracens,  1,  288;  first  steps  toward 
formation  of  province,  3,  187;  en- 
larged,  275;   inhabitants  of,  259 

Cimber,  Lucius  Tullius  (ca.  50  B.C.), 
Roman  politician:  plots  against 
Caesar,  4,  4 

Cimbri,  an  ancient  tribe  of  Central 
Europe:  defeat  the  Romans,  3,  192, 
17,  11,  18,  4 

Cimmerians  (Kimmerians,  Gimirrai, 
or  Gomer),  an  early  tribe  dwelling 


160 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


north  of  the  Black  Sea:  devastate 
Lydia,  I,  144,  2,  116 

Cimon  (d.  449  B.C.),  Athenian  com- 
mander: Athenian  general,  2,  222; 
his  victories,  228;  his  character  and 
policy,  232;  victorious  at  the  Eury- 
medon,  233;  aids  Sparta,  237;  ostra- 
cized, 240;  recalled,  247;  last  vic- 
tories of,  247 

Cinadon  (d.  397  B.C.),  Spartan  con- 
spirator; conspiracy  of,  2,  398 

Cincinnati,  Ohio:  rank  in  Jackson's 
time,  23,  479;  Democratic  conven- 
tion (1856),  24,  652;  Lincoln  makes 
speech  at,  706;  Liberal  Republican 
convention,  890;  branch  of  the 
Whiskey  Ring,  894;  Republican  con- 
vention (1876),  906;  Democratic 
convention    (1880),  930 

Cineas  (d.  277  B.C.),  Thessalian  poli- 
tician:   peace    envoy    to    Rome,    3, 

77 

Cinna,  Lucius  Cornelius  (d.  84  B.C.): 
elected  consul  (87  B.C.),  3,  212; 
leader  of  movement  to  recall  exiles, 
221;  besieges  Rome,  222;  absolute 
power  of,  224;  death,  225 

"Cinq-cents,"  Council  of  the:  French 
council  (1795)  with  initiatory  legis- 
lative power,  10,  352;  list  of  its 
members  condemned  to  exile  by  the 
law  of  public  safety,  392 

Cinq-Mars,  Henri  Coiffier  de  Ruze, 
Marquis  de  (1620-1642),  French 
courtier:  conspires  against  Riche- 
lieu, 9,  194 

Cintra,  Portugal:  battle  of  (1808), 
10,  477 

Cintra,  Convention  of:  a  treaty  con- 
cluded between  France  and  Eng- 
land relative  to  France  (1808),  II, 
563 

Cintra,  Pedro  de  (ca.  1460),  Portu- 
guese   navigator:     explorations    of, 

19,   17 

Circassians,  a  tribe  inhabiting  south- 
ern Russia:  immigration  of  the,  15, 
330;  right  of  dominion  over,  14, 
292 

Cirta,  Numidia,  Africa:  siege  of,  3, 
188;  occupied  by  Bocchus  and  Sit- 
tius,  358 


Cisalpine  Republic,  a  state  formed  in 
northern  Italy  (1797):  formed  by 
Bonaparte,  10,  384 

Cisneros,  (ca.  1810),  Viceroy  of  the 
La    Plata    provinces:    deposed,    21, 

57 
Cisneros,    Ximines,    a    Spanish    cardi- 
nal: made  regent  of  Spain,  8,  339 
Cisplatine   Province:   see   Montevideo 
Cistercian  Monks,  Order  of,  a  Catho- 
lic   religious    order:    founding    and 
rules  of,  11,  92;  in  Switzerland,  13, 
355;  in  Denmark,  16,  81;  invited  to 
Sweden,  101 
Citate,    Roumania:    battle    of    (1854), 

15,  308 
Cithaeron,  Mount,  Greece:  description 

of,  2,  11,  12 
Cities,  The  Restorer   of:  see  Sancho 

(I),  King  of  Portugal 
Citizen  King,  The:  see  Louis  Philippi, 

King  of  France 
City,  The  Eternal:  see  Rome 
City,  The  Fishing:  see  Sidon 
City,  The  Martyr:  see  Moscow 
City,  The  Seven-hilled:  see  Rome 
City,  The  White:  see  Belgrade 
City    of    Brotherly    Love,    The:    see 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 
City  of  David,  The:  see  Jerusalem 
City  of  Elms,  The:  see  New  Haven, 

Connecticut 
City  of  Forty-times  Forty  Churches, 

The:  see  Moscow 
City   of   Magnificent   Distances,   The: 

see  Washington,  D.  C. 
City  of  Masts,  The:  see  London,  Eng- 
land 
City    of    Notions,    The:    see    Boston, 

Massachusetts 
City  of  Peace,  The:  see  Jerusalem 
City  of  St.  Mark,  The:  see  Venice 
City  of  the   Golden   Gate,   The:   see 

San  Francisco 
City  of  the  Rocks,  The:  see  Nashville, 

Tennessee 
City    of    the    Seven    Hills,    The:    see 

Rome,  and  also  Constantinople 
City  of   the  Seventy  Isles,   The:   see 

Venice 
City  of  the  Straits,  The:  see  Detroit, 
Michigan 


GENERAL    INDEX 


161 


City    of    Victory,    The:     see    Cairo, 

Egypt 
City  of  the  Violated  Treaty,  The:  see 

Limerick,  Ireland 
City  of  the   Violet  Crown,  The:   see 

Athens,  Greece 
Ciudad   Rodrigo,    Spain:   captured   by 

Wellington,  II,  565 
Ciudad-Real,   Spain:  battle  of   (1809), 

9.  337 

Civil  Rights  Act,  in  United  States 
history,  an  act  passed  by  Congress 
in  1866  conferring  upon  all  persons 
of  color  the  rights  of  citizenship: 
passed,  24,  844 

Civil  Service,  in  the  United  States: 
under  Jefferson,  23,  391;  reorgan- 
ized by  Jackson,  483;  agitated,  24, 
937;  under  Grant  and  Hayes,  938; 
Pendleton  Act  passed,  938;  under 
Cleveland,  1007 

Civil  War,  American,  a  civil  war  in 
the  United  States,  1861-1865:  causes, 
24,  561,  684;  comparative  resources, 
724;  Bull  Run  (i860,  734;  (1862), 
1763;  Mill  Spring  (1862),  742;  Chan- 
cellorsville  (1863),  771;  Vicksburg 
(1863),  777;  Gettysburg  (1863),  778; 
Chickamauga  (1863),  783;  war  de- 
clared at  end,  845;  results  of,  polit- 
ical, 801;  to  negro  race,  874;  costs 
of,  821 

Civil  War  in  Rome,  a  war  between 
Caesar  and  Pompey,  49-46  B.C.: 
causes,  3,  330-333;  battles  of  Phar- 
salus  (48  B.C.),  348;  Thapsus  (46 
B.C.),  358;  results,  360-362 

Civilis,  Claudius,  a  Batavian  leader 
(ca.  70  A.D.) :  leads  insurrection  in 
Gaul,  4,  76;  attempts  to  expel  the 
Romans,  13,  9 

Claiborne,  William  (1589-1676),  an 
American  colonial  politician:  trouble 
with   Lord   Baltimore,  23,  71 

Claiborne,  William  Charles  Cole 
O775-1817),  an  American  politician: 
governor  of  Mississippi  Territory, 
23,  395;  governor  of  Louisiana,  399 

Clair  fait  (Clerfayt),  Francois  Sebas- 
tian Charles  Joseph  de  Croix,  an 
Austrian  general:  his  campaigns  in 
the    Franco-Austrian   war,   9,    279 

Clair-sur-Epte,    Treaty    of,    a    treaty 


between    Charles    the    Simple    and 
Rolf  the  Norseman  (911  A.D.),  16, 

15 

Clam  Martinitz,  imperial  adjutant  gen- 
eral of  Austria:  made  member  of 
council  of  regency,  17,  345;  leads 
Czech  party,  403 

Clam-Gallas,  Eduard,  Count  (1805- 
1891),  an  Austrian  general:  cam- 
paigns of,   18,  410 

Claparede,  Count  (early  19th  century), 
a  French  general:  his  campaign 
against  Russia,  15,  226 

Clare,  Gilbert  de,  Earl  of"  Gloucester : 
see  Gloucester,  Gilbert  de  Clare, 
Earl  of 

Clare,  Richard  de  (Richard  Strong- 
bow),  Earl  of  Pembroke  (d.  1 177), 
an  English  warrior:  his  career  in 
Ireland,  12,  49,  52 

Claremont,  Count  of  (ca.  1485): 
claims  guardianship  of  Charles  VIII 
of  France,  9,  126 

Clarence,  George,  Duke  of  (1449- 
1478),  a  brother  of  Edward  IV  of 
England:  created  duke,  11,  214; 
marries  daughter  of  Earl  of  War- 
wick, 216;  flees  to  France,  216;  joins 
Henry  IV,  217 

Clarence,  Lionel,  Duke  of  (1338-1368): 
made  lord  lieutenant  of  Ireland,  12, 
64;  death  of,  11,  218 

Clarendon,  Assize  of,  ordinance  of 
Henry  II  of  England  introducing 
important  changes  in  judicial  ad- 
ministration  (1166),  11,   103 

Clarendon,  Constitutions  of,  ordi- 
nances adopted  at  the  council  of 
Clarendon  to  limit  the  abuses  of 
the  Vatican  (1164):  adopted,  11,  101; 
Henry  II  abandons,  108 

Clarendon,  Earl  of:  see  Albemarle, 
Duke  of 

Clarendon,  Edward  Hyde,  Earl  of: 
see  Hyde,  Edward,  Earl  of  Claren- 
don 

Clarendon,  George  William  Frederick, 
Earl  of  (1800-1870),  an  English 
statesman:  concludes  treaty  with 
the   United   States,   24,   882 

Clark,  Champ  (1850 ),  an  Amer- 
ican congressman:  in  Democratic 
convention  (1004),  24,  1064 


163 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Clark,  George  Rogers  (1752-1818),  an 
American  soldier  and  frontiersman: 
conquers   Northwest   Territory,   23, 

317 

Clark,  William  (1770-1838),  an  Amer- 
ican soldier  and  explorer:  explora- 
tions of,  20,  130,  23,  400 

Clarke,  Sir  Alfred  (1745-1832),  an 
English  soldier:  becomes  acting 
governor-general  of  India,  5,   196 

Clarke,  John  (1609-1676),  an  English 
physician  and  one  of  the  founders 
of  Rhode  Island:  settles  at  Aquid- 
neck,  23,  94;  secures  new  charter 
for    Rhode   Island,   94 

Clarke,  Henry  F.  (ca.  1847),  an  Amer- 
ican colonel  in  the  Mexican  war: 
in  the  Mexican  War,  22,  348 

Clarkson,  Thomas  (1760-1846),  an 
English  abolitionist:  crusade  against 
slavery,  11,  540,  19,  40,  20,  238 

Clary,  Aldingen,  Count  (1844 ),  an 

Austrian  statesman:  made  premier 
of  Austria,  17,  436 

Clary,  Desiree  (ca.  1800),  wife  of  Karl 
Johann:  sketch  of,   16,  260 

Classes,  Act  of,  an  act  passed  in  Scot- 
land which  shut  out  from  holding 
office  all  profane  persons  and  ene- 
mies of  the  Covenant  (1648),  12,  341 

Claude  (ca.  1500),  daughter  of  Anne 
of  Brittany:  marries  Francis,  Count 
of  Angouleme,  9,  133 

Claudius  I  (Liberius  Claudius  Drusus 
Nero  Germanicus)  (10  B.  C.-S4  A. 
D.),  Emperor  of  Rome,  41-54  A.  D.: 
character,  4,  53;  reign  of,  58;  death, 

6l  !•    H 

Claudius  II  (Marcus  Aurelius  Claud- 
ius) (214-270  A.D.),  Emperor  of 
Rome,  268-270  A.  D.:  reign  of,  4, 
no;  condition  of  Spain  under,  8, 
25;  sends  Aulus  Plautius  to  invade 
Britain,  IX,  8;  defeats  the  barba- 
rians, 18,  29 

Claudius  Caecus,  Appius  (d.  ca.  280 
B.C.),  a  Roman  statesman:  speech 
against   Pyrrhus,  3,   78 

Claudius  Caudex,  Appius,  Roman  con- 
sul (294  B.C.) :  raises  the  siege  of 
Messana,  3,  100 

Claudius   Civilis   (1st  century  A.  D.), 


chief  of  the  Batavi:  joins   Gauls  in 

revolt  against  Rome,  18,  23 
Claudius  Crassus  Sabinus  Regillensis, 

Appius,   Roman   consul,  451    B.   C: 

tyranny  of,  3,  45 
Claudius     Pulcher,     Appius,     Roman 

consul,  143  B.  C:  favors  reforms,  3, 

175 
Claudius     Pulcher,     Appius,     Roman 

consul,  54  B.  C:  at  the  conference 

of  the  regents,  3,  315 
Claudius    Pulcher,    Caius    Appius    (d. 

167   B.   C.)»   Roman   consul,    177   B. 

C:   in  the  third   Macedonian   War, 

3,   149 

Claudius  Pulcher,  Publius,  Roman  con- 
sul, 249  B.  C:  at  the  battle  of  Dre- 
pana,  3,  103 

Claudius  Sabinus  Regillensis,  Appius 
(Attus  Clausus),  the  Sabine  founder 
of  the  Claudia  gens,  Roman  con- 
sul, 495  B.  C:  forces  law  of  debt, 
3,  40 

Clausel,  Bertrand  (1772-1842),  a  mar- 
shal of  France:  governor-general  of 
Algeria,  9,  411 

Claw-men,  the  poor  countryfolk  in 
Switzerland:  description  of,  13,  544 

Clay,  Cassius  Marcellus  (d.  1903),  an 
American  soldier  and  lawyer:  joins 
Liberal  movement,  24,  890 

Clay,  Clement  Claiborne  (1819-1882), 
an  American  politician:  farewell 
speech  in  the  Senate,  24,  699 

Clay,  Henry,  an  American  orator  and 
statesman,  called  the  Mill-boy  of 
the  Slashes:  born  near  Richmond, 
Virginia,  April  12,  1777;  received  a 
common  school  education;  became  a 
copying  clerk  in  the  court  of  chan- 
cery at  Richmond;  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  1797;  re- 
moved to  Kentucky  which  he  rep- 
resented in  the  United  States  Con- 
gress, 1806-1807  and  1810-1811;  was 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, 1811-1821,  serving  as 
Speaker,  1811-1814,  1815-1820,  and 
1823-1825;  sent  as  peace  commis- 
sioner to  Ghent,  1814;  was  the  chief 
author  of  the  Missouri  Compromise, 
1820;   was   candidate   for   the   Presi- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


163 


dency,  1824,  1832,  and  1844;  Secre- 
tary of  State,  1825-1829;  United 
States  Senator,  1831-1842  and  1849- 
1852;  was  the  originator  of  the  Com- 
promise Tariff  of  1833;  lived  in  re- 
tirement at  Ashland,  1842-1844;  died 
in  Washington,  D.  C,  June  29, 
1852 

Member  of  Congress,  23,  417; 
appointed  on  peace  commission, 
429;  favors  tariff  for  west,  438; 
views  Texas  as  part  of  Louisiana 
Purchase,  445;  sympathy  for  South 
American  republics,  446;  opposes 
prohibition  of  slavery  in  Arkansas, 
453;  compromise  proposed  by,  455; 
champion  of  protection,  457;  sketch 
of,  461;  rivalry  with  Jackson,  463; 
offers  tariff  compromise,  496;  nom- 
inated for  President  (1831),  498; 
leader  of  the  Democratic-Repub- 
lican Party,  24,  519;  proposed  nom- 
inee of  Whig  Party,  520;  anger  at 
defeat  for  nomination,  522;  makes 
campaign  speeches  (1840),  523; 
quoted  on  United  States  claims  to 
Texas,  532;  nominated  for  Presi- 
dent (1844),  537;  son  killed  at 
Buena  Vista,  548;  opposes  Mexican 
War,  554;  candidate  for  Presidential 
nomination  (1848),  557;  president  of 
American  Colonization  Society,  571; 
returns  to  Congress  (1850),  600; 
proposes  compromise  measures, 
601;  his  speech  in  Congress  (1850), 
602;  statue  of,  in  New  Orleans,  976; 
interest  in  an  isthmian  canal,  1055; 
death,  620 

Clayton,  John  Middleton  (1 796-1 856), 
an  American  politician:  negotiates 
Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty,  34,  613 

Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty,  concluded  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States  (1850),  24,  613;  secures  co- 
operation of  Great  Britain,  1056; 
annulled,   1058 

Clazomenae,  Ionian  city  of  Asia 
Minor:  taken  by  the  Persians,  2, 
J3S;  revolts  from  Athens,  352 

Clear  the  Causeway,  Scotland:  battle 
of  (1522),  12,  302 

Clearchus  (d.  401  B.C.),  Spartan  gen- 


eral: leads  expedition  of  the  Ten 
Thousand,  2,  389;  slain,  389 

Clear-grits,  extreme  Democrats  in 
Canada:  policy  of,  20,  160 

Clearidas  (ca.  420  B.C.),  Spartan  gen- 
eral: sketch  of,  2,  318 

Cleburne,  Patrick  (1828-1864),  Irish- 
American  general:  death  of,  24,  803 

Cleippides  (ca.  420  B.C.),  Athenian 
general:    besieges    Mitylene,   2,    291 

Cleisthenes  (ca.  590  B.C.),  Athenian 
politician:  expels  Tippias  from  Ath- 
ens, 2,  112;  leader  of  Democrats  at 
Athens,  140;  exiled,  141;  recalled, 
141;   his  constitutional  reforms,   144 

Cleitus  (d.  ca.  328  B.C.),  Macedonian 
general:  saves  Alexander's  life,  2, 
489;  murdered  by  Alexander,  501 

Clemence  of  Hungary  (ca.  1300) :  mar- 
ries Louis  X  of  France,  9,  89 

Clemens,  Flavius  (d.  95  A.D.),  Chris- 
tian martyr:  death,  4,  84 

Clement  II  (Suidgar)  (d.  1047),  Pope, 
1046-1047:  appointed  by  Henry  III 
of  Germany,   18,   129 

Clement  III  (Guibert)  (d.  1100),  anti- 
Pope,  1080:  appointed  by  Henry  IV 
of  Germany,  18,  136 

Clement  III  (Paoli  Scolari)  (d.  1191), 
Pope,  1187-1191:  confirms  claim  of 
Scottish  clergy  to  independence,  12, 
267 

Clement  V  (Bertrand  d'Agoust)  (ca. 
1264-1314),  Pope,  1305-1314:  acces- 
sion of,  9,  88;  gives  crown  of  Na- 
ples to  Robert,  4,  260 

Clement  VI  (Pierre  Roger)  (1292- 
1352),  Pope,  1342-1352:  at  war  with 
the  emperor,  17,  115;  attempts  to 
restore  peace  between  Pedro  IV  of 
Aragon  and  Jayme  of  Majorca,  8, 
254;  opposes  Louis  of  Bavaria,  18, 
190;  acquits  Joanna  of  Naples  of 
the  murder  of  Andrew,  4,  260 

Clement  VII  (Robert  of  Geneva)  (ca. 
1342-1394),  anti-Pope,  1378:  election 
of,  9,  105 

Clement  VII  (Giulio  de'  Medici)  (ca. 
I47S-I534),  Pope,  1523-1534:  acces- 
sion of,  18,  245;  his  relations  with 
Charles  V  of  Germany,  246;  his  re- 
lations   with    Frederick    J    of    Den- 


164* 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


mark,  16,  193;  joins  the  League  of 
Cognac,  4,  303;  refuses  to  sanction 
divorce  of  Henry  VIII  of  England, 
u,  246 

Clement  VIII  (Ippolito  Aldobrandini) 
(1536-1605),  Pope,  1592-1605:  en- 
courages peace  between  France  and 
Spain,  13,  164;  absolves  Henry  IV 
of  France,  9,  170 

Clement  XI  (Giovanni  Francesco  Al- 
bani)  (1649-1721),  Pope,  1700-1721: 
issues  a  bull  against  the  emperor, 
17,   190 

Clement  XIV  (Giovanni  Vincenzo  An- 
tonio Ganganelli)  (1705-1774),  Pope, 
1769-1774,  called  the  Protestant 
Pope:  suppresses  the  Jesuits,  8, 
419,  9,  248,  18,  357;  embellishes 
Rome,  4,  341 

Clement,  Jacques  (ca.  1565-1589),  a 
French  monk:  assassinates  Henry 
III  of  France,  9,  165 

Cleombrotus  I,  King  of  Sparta,  380- 
371  B.  C. :  invades  Boeotia,  2,  428; 
slain  at  Leuctra,  434 

Cleomenes  I,  King  of  Sparta,  518-489 
B.C.,  called  the  Mad  King  of  Lace- 
daemon:  in  expeditions  against  the 
Athenians,  2,  141;  defeats  the  Ar- 
gives,  156;  at  Aegina,  163;  death 
of,  173 

Cleomenes  III,  King  of  Sparta,  236- 
222   B.C.:   last   of   the   Spartans,  .2, 

517 

Cleon  (d.  422  B.C.),  Athenian  dema- 
gogue: accuses  Pericles,  2,  283;  ad- 
vocates massacre  of  Lesbians,  294; 
his  character,  294;  opposes  peace, 
304;  at  Spacteria,  306;  killed  at  Am- 
phipolis,  317 

Cleon  (ca.  100  B.C.),  Cilician  slave: 
leader  of  slave  revolt,  3,  173 

Cleopatra,  last  Queen  of  Egypt,  fa- 
mous for  her  beauty  and  dramatic 
history:  born  at  Alexandria,  Egypt, 
69  B.C.;  joint-ruler  with  her  brother 
Ptolemy,  51-49,  expelled  by  him, 
but  reinstated  in  48  by  Caesar;  lived 
with  Caesar  in  Rome,  46-44,  to  whom 
she  bore  a  son;  returned  to  Egypt 
upon  Caesar's  death;  visited  Anto- 
nius  at  Tarsus,  41,  and  brought  him 
into  subjection  to  her  charms;  was 


put  to  flight  by  Octavianus  in  the 
naval  battle  of  Actium;  unwilling  to 
adorn  the  triumph  of  Octavianus 
and  affected  by  the  death  of  Anto- 
nius,  she  poisoned  herself  at  Alex- 
andria, 30  B.  C. 

Reign  of,  1,  34;  driven  from  the 
throne  of  Egypt,  3,  351;  restored 
to  her  throne,  354;  her  influence 
over  Caesar,  4,  5;  her  influence  over 
Antonius,  19,  23;  at  the  battle  of 
Actium,  25;  death  of,  2,  522,  4,  27 

Cleopatra  (ca.  330  B.C.):  wife  of 
Philip  of  Macedon,  2,  481 

Cleopatra,  sister  of  Alexander  (d.  308 
B.C.):   murdered,  2,  511 

Cleophon  (d.  405  B.C.),  Athenian  dem- 
agogue: opposes  peace,  2,  366,  374; 
death  of,  378 

Clepho,  King  of  Italy,  573-587  A.  D.: 
reign  of,  4,  165 

Clerfayt:  see  Clairfait 

Clergy,  The,  in  America:  influence  of, 
in  New  England,  23,  139;  influence 
of,  in  the  Colonies,  145;  of  the 
Southern  Colonies,  149;  made  sub- 
ject to  laws  in  Virginia,  150;  salaries 
paid  in  tobacco  in  Virginia,  150 

Clergy,  The,  in  France:  oppose  the 
Revolution,  10,  106 

Clericals,  the  Catholic  party  in  Eu- 
rope: in  Belgium,  13,  291;  in  Ger- 
many, 18,  439 

"Clericis  laicos,"  a  Papal  Bull:  issued 
by  Boniface  VIII,  11,  149 

Clermont:  see  Gergovia 

Clermont,  Louis  de  Bourbon-Conde, 
Count  of  ( 1 709-1 770),  French 
prince:  in  Seven  Years'  War,  9, 
245 

Clermont,  Robert  of  (d.  1357),  Mar- 
shal of  Normandy:  death  of,  9,  100 

Clermont-Tonnerre,  Stanislaus,  Count 
of  (1747-1792),  French  Liberal: 
urges  nobles  to  resume  their  seats 
in  the  assembly,  9,  263;  opposes  the 
sending  of  the  deputation  to  the 
king,  10,  67;  favors  the  English 
constitution,  80 

Cleruchies,  Greek  colonies  in  close 
connection  with  the  mother  city: 
Athenian  system  of,  2,  144  note, 
249,  258 


GENERAL    INDEX 


165 


Cleveland,  Ohio:  Lincoln  makes 
speech  at,  24,  706;  Fremont  nom- 
inated by  convention  at,  799;  popu- 
lar respect  to  Lincoln's  remains, 
827;  Garfield  buried  in,  934 
Cleveland,  Grover,  an  American  states- 
man: President  of  the  United  States, 
1885-1889  and  1893-1897;  born  at 
Caldwell,  N.  J.,  March  18,  1837; 
studied  at  Clinton  Academy;  read 
law  in  Buffalo  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  1859;  was  assistant  district 
attorney  of  Erie  County,  1863-1866; 
was  defeated  for  district  attorney, 
1865;  served  as  sheriff  of  Erie 
County,  1871-1874;  was  Democratic 
mayor  of  Buffalo,  1882;  was  elected 
to  the  Presidency  of  the  United 
States  by  the  Democratic  party, 
1884;  was  defeated  for  a  second 
term,  1888,  but  was  reelected,  by  a 
great  majority,  1892;  refused  to  sup- 
port the  Democratic  ticket  and  plat- 
form, 1896,  and  retired  to  his  home 
at  Princeton,  N.  J. 

Early  life,  24,  944;  nominated  for 
President  (1884),  944;  inauguration 
(1885),  949;  Civil  Service  Reform, 
950,  1007;  uses  his  veto  power,  952; 
refuses  to  sign  Chinese  Exclusion 
Act,  958;  refuses  to  submit  treaty 
•  with  Nicaragua  to  Senate,  959;  de- 
feated on  tariff  issue,  963;  second 
nomination  unanimous,  965;  nom- 
inated for  President  (1892),  989; 
second  inauguration,  993;  recom- 
mends repeal  of  Sherman  Silver 
Law,  994;  his  relations  with  Ha- 
waii, 20,  310,  24,  998;  with  Vene- 
zuela, 11,  639,  31,  264,  24,  1000;  sub- 
dues strike  in  Chicago,  1003;  finan- 
cial depression  of  1894,  1005;  check- 
mated by  Republican  Congress, 
1007;  at  the  opening  of  the  World's 
Fair,  1010;  his  message  to  Congress 
concerning  Cuban  question,  1022: 
withdraws    Nicaraguan   treaty,    1056 

Cleves,  Succession  of,  dispute  occa- 
sioned by  the  extinction  of  the 
Cleves  line  in  1609,  18,  266 

Clichy,  The  Club  of,  French  political 
club   (1797),  10,  388 

Clients,     Roman    inhabitants    without 


citizenship  who  were  legally  repre- 
sented by  patrons:  position  of,  3, 
11 

Cliff-dwellers,  American  aborigines : 
description,  23,  11 

Clifford,  Sir  Conyers  (ca.  1600),  Eng- 
lish official:  made  president  of  Con- 
naught,  12,  95 

Clifford,  Nathan  (1803-1881),  an  Amer- 
ican jurist:  plenipotentiary  to  Mex- 
ico, 22,  378;  member  of  the  Elec- 
toral  Commission,  24,  913   note 

Climax,  Mount,  Asia  Minor:  Alexan- 
der at,  2,  490 

Clinch,  Colonel  (ca.  1800),  American 
soldier:  in  East  Florida,  23,  444 

Clinton,  Mississippi:  race  riot  at,  24, 
872  note 

Clinton,  De  Witt,  an  American  lawyer 
and  statesman,  called  the  Father  of 
the  Erie  Canal:  born  at  Little  Brit- 
ain, N.  Y.,  March  2,  1769;  was  grad- 
uated at  Columbia  College,  1786; 
studied  law  but  never  gave  it  much 
attention  as  a  profession;  became 
private  secretary  to  the  Governor  of 
New  York,  who  was  also  his  uncle, 
George  Clinton;  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  legislature  of  New  York, 
1797;  was  chosen  State  Senator, 
1798;  was  elected  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  1802;  served  as 
Mayor  of  New  York  City,  1803- 
1807,  1809-1810,  and  1811-1815,  and 
as  lieutenant-governor  of  the  State, 
1811-1813;  was  nominated  for  the 
Presidency,  1812,  but  was  defeated; 
advocated  the  construction  of  the 
Erie  Canal;  was  Governor  of  New 
York  State,  1817-1823  and  1825- 
1828;  celebrated  the  opening  of  the 
Erie  Canal,  1825;  wrote  some  essays 
on  natural  history;  died  at  Albany, 
February  II,  1828 

Defeated   for    President,    23,   434; 
Erie  Canal  projected  by,  479 

Clinton,  George  (d.  1761),  English 
admiral  and  colonial  governor:  ap- 
points Johnson  colonel  of  Six  Na- 
tions, 23,  176 

Clinton,  George  (1739-1812)  American 
statesman  and  general:  Governor 
of   New  York,  23,  311;  member  of 


166 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


New  York  ratification  convention, 
337;  receives  Washington  in  New 
York,  341;  absent  from  first  Con- 
gress, 343;  candidate  for  Vice-pres- 
ident (1792),  357;  nominated  for 
Vice-president  (1805),  401;  elected 
Vice-president,  402;  nominated  Vice- 
president  (1809),  413 

Clinton,  Sir  Henry  (1738-1795),  an 
English  general:  arrives  at  Boston, 
23,  231;  sent  to  take  possession  of 
the  Southern  Colonies,  236;  at  bat- 
tle of  Monmouth,  262;  succeeds 
Howe,  262;  captures  Charleston, 
272;  sends  Arnold  to  devastate  Con- 
necticut, 285 

Clinton,  Sir  William  (ca.  1825),  Eng- 
lish commander:  keeps  order  in 
Portugal,  8,  535 

Clisson,  Oliver  (d.  1340),  noble  of 
Brittany:  murder  of,  9,  94 

Clisson,  Oliver  de  (1 332-1407),  French 
constable:  his  campaign  in  Flan- 
ders, 9,  107;  attempted  assassination 
of,  108 

Clive,  Robert,  Baron  Clive  of  Plassey, 
an  English  commander  and  states- 
man: born  of  a  rather  impoverished 
family  at  Styche,  Shropshire,  Eng- 
land, September  29,  1725;  entered 
the  service  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany at  Madras  as  a  writer,  1743; 
received  an  ensign's  commission, 
when  war  broke  out  between  the 
French  and  British  in  India  and 
served  at  the  siege  of  Pondicherry, 
1748;  captured  Arcot,  1750;  returned 
to  England  for  his  health,  1753; 
was  sent  back  as  governor  of  Fort 
Saint  David,  1755;  was  sent  to 
avenge  the  outrage  of  the  "  Black 
Hole  "  of  Calcutta,  and  reduced  the 
Nabob,  1757;  won  the  battle  of 
Plassey,  1757;  was  appointed  gov- 
ernor of  Bengal,  1758;  defeated  the 
Dutch  armament,  1759;  returned  to 
England  and  was  raised  to  the  Irish 
peerage  as  Baron  Clive  of  Plassey, 
1760;  was  again  governor  of  Ben- 
gal, 1764-1767,  when  he  returned  to 
England  because  of  ill-health;  was 
accused  of  a  tyrannical  abuse  of 
power   but   was   acquitted   after   an 


inquest,  1773;  died  as  a  suicide,  No- 
vember 22,  1774 

Sketch  of,  5,  179;  in  India,  5,  180, 
182,  9,  242,  11,  502;  made  Governor 
of  Bengal,  5,   185,   187,  11,  525 

Cloderic,  King  of  the  Ripuarian 
Franks,  ca.  500  A.  D.:  reign  of,  9, 
21 

Clodius  Pulcher,  Publius  (d.  52  B.C.), 
Roman  demagogue:  prisoner  among 
the  pirates,  3,  272;  proposes  the 
banishment  of  Cicero,  290;  feud 
with  Pompeius,  312;  agrees  to  give 
no  further  annoyance  to  Pompeius, 
316;  intrudes  at  festival  of  the  Bona 
Dea,  384;  murdered,  320 

Clodoald,  Saint  (ca.  525  A.  D.) :  founds 
monastery,  9,  25 

Clodomir,  Frankish  king  511-524 
A.D.:   reign  of,  9,  24 

Clonmel,  Ireland:  siege  of  (1650),  12, 

125 

Clontarf,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1014),  12, 
42 

Clootz,  Jean  Baptiste  du  Val  de 
Grace,  Baron  of  (1755-1794)  French 
revolutionary  enthusiast:  death  of, 
9,  288 

Close,  Barry  (d.  1813),  English  sec- 
retary: resident  in  Mysore  and 
Poona,  5,  202 

Closterseven  (Kloster  Zeven),  Con- 
vention of  (1757),  concluded  be- 
tween the  Duke  of  Cumberland  and 
the  Due   de  Richelieu,  11,  499 

Clotar  (Clotaire)  I,  (497-561  A.D.), 
King  of  the  Franks:  reign  of,  18, 
61 

Clotar  II  (584-628  A.D.),  King  of 
the  Franks:  reign  of,  13,  14,  18,  64 

Clotar  III  (ca.  650  A.  D.),  Frankish 
king:  reign  of,  18,  71 

Clotar  IV,  King  of  Austrasia  717-720, 
A.D.:  policy  of,  13,  337 

Cloth  of  Gold,  Field  of,  near  Calais 
where  Francis  I  and  Henry  VIII 
held  their  interview  (1520),  9,  137, 
II,  240 

Clotilda,  Saint  (475-545  A.D.) :  mar- 
ries Clovis,  9,   19 

Clotilda  (d.  531  A.  D.):  daughter  of 
Clovis:  marries  Amalaric,  8,  40,  9, 
25 


GENERAL    INDEX 


167 


Clovis  (Chlodwig),  King  of  the 
Franks,  481-51 1  A.D.,  and  founder 
of  the  Merovingian  line  of  Frank- 
ish  kings,  called  the  Constantine  of 
France:  born  about  465  A.D.;  suc- 
ceeded his  father  Childeric  as  king 
of  the  Salian  Franks,  481;  defeated 
the  Romans  and  Gauls  near  Sois- 
sons,  486;  married  Clotilda,  a  beau- 
tiful Christian  princess,  493;  became 
a  convert  to  Christianity,  496;  fixed 
his  court  at  Paris,  507;  defeated  and 
killed  Alaric,  King  of  the  Visigoths, 
near  Poitiers,  507,  and  gained  Aqui- 
taine;  left  four  sons  to  inherit  his 
kingdom,  when  he  died,  511 

In  war  with  the  Goths,  8,  39,  with 
the  Alemanni,  13,  377;  reign  of,  9, 
18,  18,  46,  59 

Clovis  II  (633-655  A.D.),  King  of  the 
Franks,  638-655  A.  D.:  reign  of,  9, 

33 

Clovis  III,  King  of  the  Franks,  691- 
695  A.D.:  reign  of,  9,  35 

Club  Monarchique,  French  Royalist 
club  (1790):  sketch  of,  10,  128 

Cluentius  Aulus  (ca.  60  B.  C),  Italian 
criminal:  trial  of,  3,  384 

Clugny  de  Nuis,  Jean  fitienne  Ber- 
nard (d.  1776) :  becomes  minister  of 
finance,  9,  254,  10,  28 

Cluna  (living),  Antarctic  explorer;  ex- 
plorations of,  16,  334 

Cluny,  Congregation  of,  an  agreement 
by  which  several  hundred  monas- 
teries in  France  and  Burgundy  ac- 
cepted the  "  Truce  of  God,"  18,  128 

Clusium,  Italy:  siege  of,  3,  59 

Clyde,  Colin  Campbell,  Baron:  see 
Campbell,  Colin,  Baron  Clyde 

Clymer,  George  (1739-1813),  Amer- 
ican   politician:    in    first    Congress, 

23,  342 

Cnemus  (ca.  430  B.C.),  Spartan  gen- 
eral, 2,  289 

Cnidus,  Asia  Minor:  founded,  2,  56; 
battle  of,  401 

Cnut:  see  Knud  II 

Coahuila,  Mexico:  united  with  Texas, 

24,  532 

Coalitions  against  France:  I.  (1792- 
1797),    10,    182,    244,    16,    249,    18, 


356;  II.  (1799-1801),  10,  401,  17, 
285,  18,  362;  III.  (1805),  10,  462, 
15,  213,  16,  251,  18,  366;  IV.  (1806- 
1807),  10,  469,  15,  215,  16,  251;  V. 
(1809),  10,  476;  VI.  (1813-1815),  10, 
488,  15,  261 

Cobb,  HoweU  (1815-1868),  an  Amer- 
ican politician:  elected  Speaker  of 
House,  24,  599;  influence  over 
President,  696;  resigns  from  Cabi- 
net, 704 

Cobb,  Thomas  R.  (d.  1863),  an  Amer- 
ican general:  death  at  Marye's 
Heights,  24,  770 

Cobbett,  William  (1762-1835),  an  Eng- 
lish political  writer:  influence  of, 
",  572 

Cobdam,  Lord:  see  Oldcastle,  Sir 
John 

Cobden,  Richard  (1804-1865),  an  Eng- 
lish statesman  and  political  econo- 
mist: arranges  commercial  treaty  be- 
tween France  and  England,  9,  451; 
leader  of  Anti-Corn  Law  League, 
11,  600;  opposes  China  War,  620 

Cobenzl,  John  Louis  Joseph,  Count, 
(1753-1809).  an  Austrian  statesman: 
negotiates  second  coalition  against 
France,  17,  285;  negotiates  the 
Treaty  of  Luneville,  17,  285,  18, 
364;  assumes  the  direction  of  for- 
eign affairs,  287;  conducts  foreign 
affairs  of  Austria,  292 

Cobija,  South  America:  defies  Mel- 
garejo  (1865),  31,  190;  occupied  by 
Chili    (1879),  234 

Coblentz,  Prussia:  founded,  18,  15 

Coblom  (Covelong),  India:  founded, 
5,  172 

Coburg  (Saxe-Coburg),  Friedrich  Jo- 
sias,  Prince  of  (1737-1815),  an  Aus- 
trian soldier:  his  campaign  against 
the  French  revolutionists,  9,  283; 
besieges   Maubeuge,  287 

Cocherel,  France:  battle  of  (1364),  9, 
103 

Cochin,  India:  siege  of  (1659),  8,  470; 
taken  by  the  Dutch,  20,  61;  surren- 
ders to  the  British,  139 

Cochin  China,  Indo-China:  embassies 
from,  6,  8;  conquered,  13;  revolu- 
tion in,  99;  formed,  20,  273 


168 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Cochrane,  Robert  (d.  1475),  a  favorite 
of  James  III  of  Scotland:  plots 
against,  12,  297 

Cochrane,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Dundon- 
ald  (1775-1860),  a  Scotch  noble  and 
British  naval  commander:  his  serv- 
ices in  South  America,  21,  72,   166 

Cockburn,  Six  Alexander  James  Ed- 
mund (1802-1880),  a  British  jurist: 
in  Geneva  commission,  24,  885 

Cockpit  of  Europe,  The:  see  Belgium 

Cocomes,  The,  a  South  American 
tribe:  destroy  themselves,  31,  50 

Cod,  Cape:  see  Cape  Cod 

Coddington,  William  (1601-1678),  an 
English  colonist  in  America:  settles 
at  Aquidneck,  23,  94;  founds  New- 
port, 94 

Code  Henri,  a  statute  book  compiled 
by  Christophe,  Emperor  of  Hayti 
(181 1),  22,  495 

Code  Napoleon,  a  compilation  of  the 
laws  of  France  made  under  the 
auspices  of  Napoleon  I  (1804-1810), 
10,  447,  11,  555,   13,  271 

Code  Noir,  an  edict  of  Louis  XIV  of 
France  (1685),  20,  75 

Code  Rural,  a  statute  promulgated  by 
Boyer,   president  of  Hayti,  22,  497 

Codes  of  Civil  and  Criminal  Proced- 
ure, measure  for  India:  passed 
(1861),  5,  244 

"  Codex  Flatoensis,"  a  compilation 
containing  accounts  of  early  Norse 
voyages,  23,  19 

Codomannus:  see  Darius  III 

Codrington,  Sir  Edward  (1770-1851), 
an  English  admiral:  in  the  Greek 
War,  2,  545,  15,  276 

Codrus  (ca.  1068  B.C.),  last  King  of 
Athens:  patriot  King  of  Athens,  2, 
98 

Coelho,  Pedro,  a  Portuguese  noble: 
death  of,  8,  289 

Coepio,  Quintus  (ca.  144  B.C.),  Ro- 
man general:  his  campaign  in  Spain, 
8,  19 

Coeur  de  Lion:  see  Richard  I,  King  of 
England 

Cceuves,  Marquis  of  (ca.  1624),  a 
French  soldier:  his  campaign  in  the 
Valtelline,  9,  183 


Coffee:  introduced  in  England,  11, 
418;  industry  in  Africa,  19,  144 

Coffin,  Levi  (ca.  1850),  an  American 
abolitionist:  aids  slaves  to  escape, 
24,  617;  president  of  the  under- 
ground railroad,  617 

Cogan,  Miles  de  (ca.  1182),  an  Irish 
soldier:  appointed  assistant  to  De 
Bingo,  12,  53 

Cognac,  League  of:  a  league  formed 
between  Pope  Clement  VII  and 
Francis  I  of  France  against  the 
Emperor  Charles  V  (1526),  4,  303 

Cohabitation  Act,  an  act  passed  in 
1680  ordering  the  building  of  towns 
in  Virginia:  passed,  23,  155 

Cohen,  Jacob  I.,  an  American  Jewish 
politician:  elected  member  of  city 
council  of  Baltimore   (1824),   1,  426 

Coigny,  Frangois  de  (ca.  1735),  a 
French  marshal:  his  campaign  in 
Italy,  9,  236 

Coimbra,  Spain:  siege  of  (1058),  8, 
142;  battle  of  (1810),  530 

Coimbra,  University  of:  modernized, 
8,  526 

Coiner,  The  False:  see  Philip  III, 
King  of   France 

Coins,  Coinage: 
ARABIA:  establishment  of  a  na- 
tional mint,  1,  329;  tribute  coin,  352 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  deprecia- 
tion of  coins,  17,  303;  coinage  of 
Hungary,  399 

BABYLONIA     AND     ASSYRIA: 
mines  of  Carchemish,  1,  113 
CHILI:  gold  standard,  21,  242 
CHINA:  value  of  currency,  6,  255 
ENGLAND:  base  money,  11,  268; 
coinage  of  William  III,  444 
FRANCE:  coinage  of  Louis  IX,  9, 
83;    debasement,    89;    alteration,   95, 
96;    reminting,   229;   value    reduced, 

235 

GERMANY:    under    Prince    Chris- 
tian of  Brunswick,  18,  271 
GREECE:   coinage    of   Pheidon,   2, 
59;  coinage  of  Solon,  104;  first  gold 
coinage,    459;    present    currency,    2, 

549 

INDIA:  value   of  a  dirham,   5,  91; 

coinage    of    1229,    97;    currency    of 


GENERAL    INDEX 


169 


copper  coins,  102;  depreciation  of 
rupee,    273;    the    currency    question, 

383 

IRELAND:     copper     coinage,     II, 
477;  "  Wood's  Halfpence,"  12,  172 
ITALY:   senatorial  coinage,   4,   222 
JAPAN:    coinage    of   Hideyoshi,   7, 
114;  coinage  of  Tsunayoshi,  143 
LYDIA:  coinage  of  Phamphaes,  I, 

153 

MEXICO:  coinage  of  1536,  22,  108; 
of  1541,  108;  during  viceroyalty  of 
Bucareli,  208 

PERSIA:  value  of  coins,  1,  165; 
coinage  by  Darius,  179;  withdrawal 
of  debased  coinage,  5,  364 
PERU:  gold  standard,  21,  243 
PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS:  before 
and  after  the  American  occupation, 
20,  377 

PHOENICIA:  token  money,  1,  135 
PORTUGAL:  raised  value,  8,  295 
ROME:  sole  privilege  of  coining 
money,  3,  82;  coins  of  Pompeius, 
276;  the  coinage  for  Gaul,  309; 
coinage  of  Caesar,  369;  Roman 
standard,  395;   coinage  of  Nero,  4, 

63 

RUSSIA:    coinage   of    Paul    I,    15, 

172 

SCOTLAND:    fixed    standard,    12, 

293;  coinage  of  James  IV,  308 

SWEDEN:  copper  basis  of  coinage, 

16,  223 

SWITZERLAND:    debasement    of 

coinage,    13,   470;    uniform    system, 

55i 

TURKEY:  coinage  of  Mahmud  II, 

14,  440 

UNITED  STATES:  uniform  sys- 
tem of  coinage,  23,  353;  change  in 
mint  ratio  (1834),  506;  dropping  of 
silver  dollar  (1873),  24,  899;  silver 
dollar  remonetized  (1878),  922; 
"Sherman  Silver  Law"  (1890),  974; 
free  silver,  989,  991,  ion;  repeal  of 
the  Sherman  Silver  Law  (1893),  24, 

994 

Colardeau,  Paul,  a  French  mechani- 
cian: member  of  the  Wellman  Ex- 
pedition, 16,  341 

Colberg,  Germany:  taken  by  the  Rus- 


sians (1761),  18,  342;  siege  of 
(1807),  372 

Colbert,  Jean  Baptiste  (1619-1683),  a 
French  statesman:  minister  of 
finance,  9,  207;  sketch  of,  208;  prog- 
ress of  the  French  West  Indies  un- 
der, 20,  72;  colonial  policy  of,  78; 
organizes  the  French  East  India 
Company,  5,  170;  death  of,  9,  215 

Colchester,  England:  siege  of  (1648), 
11,  360 

Cold  Harbor,  Virginia:  battle  of 
Gaines  Mills  near  (1862),  24,  761; 
battle  of  (1864),  789;  political  ef- 
fect of  last  battle,  801 

Colebrook,  Sir  William  (ca.  1850),  an 
English  official  in  Canada:  his  ad- 
ministration as  deputy  governor  of 
New  Brunswick,  20,  163 

Colenso,  Africa:  battle  of  (1900),  11, 
641 

Coles,  George  (ca.  1865),  a  Canadian 
representative:  at  the  Quebec  con- 
vention, 20,  165 

Colet,  John  (1466-15 19),  an  English 
theologian  and  scholar:  founds  St. 
Paul's  School,  11,  239 

Colfax,  Schuyler  (1823-1885),  an 
American  politician:  nominated  for 
Vice-president  1868,  24,  857 

Colignon  (ca.  1598),  a  French  states- 
man: draws  up  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 

9.  171 

Coligny,  Gaspard  de  (15 17-1572),  a 
French  general  and  Huguenot  lead- 
er: his  campaign  in  Artois,  9,  148; 
plots  against  the  Guises,  150;  colo- 
nial schemes  of,  20,  81;  sends  out 
a  colony,  23,  47;  death  of,  9,  158 

Coligny-Saligny,  Jean,  Count  of  (1617- 
1686),  a  French  soldier:  at  battle  of 
Saint-Gothard,  9,  208 

Colina,  General,  a  Venezuelan  soldier: 
elected  vice-president  of  Venezuela 
(1866),  21,   102 

Colley,  Sir  George  (d.  1881),  a  British 
general  in  Africa:  death  of,  20,  230 

Colli,  Baron  (1760-1812),  a  Piedmon- 
tese  general:  commands  Piedmon- 
tese  army,  9,  294;  commands  Aus- 
trian army,  302 

Collin    (ca.    1525),   a   Swiss   reformer: 


170 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


becomes  a  teacher  in  Zurich,  13, 
436;  translates  the  Bible  into  Ger- 
man, 453;  arouses  patriotism  of  peo- 
ple, 17,  295;  occupies  Cracow,  347 

Collot  d'  Herbois,  Jean  Marie  (1750- 
1796),  a  French  actor  and  revolu- 
tionist: made  member  of  the  com- 
mittee of  safety,  9,  285;  leader  of 
the  commune,  10,  203;  arrest  and 
trial  of,  333 

Colman  (ca.  634  A.D.),  an  Irish 
Bishop:  governs  the  monastery  of 
Lindisfarne,  12,  36 

Colmar,  Alsace:  battle  of  (1674),  9, 
211 

Cologne  (Colonia  Agrippinensis), 
Germany:  founded,  4,  61,  18,  15; 
siege  of  (714  A.D.),  71 

Cologne,  Diet  of:  a  diet  reorganizing 
the  empire  (1512),  18,  228 

Colombia,  South  America:  created,  21, 
69;  organized,  73;  from  1824  to  1876, 
77;  formation  of,  84;  from  1876  to 
1906,  244 

Colombia-Costa  Rica  Boundary  Dis- 
pute (1880),  21,  265 

Colombia- Venezuela  Boundary  Dis- 
pute (1891),  21,  265 

Colombo,  Ceylon:  Portuguese  driven 
from,  20,  61 

Colon,  northern  terminus  of  Panama 
canal,  24,  1056 

Colonial  Congress,  in  American  his- 
tory: meets  at  New  York  (1690), 
23,  158 

Colonies,  American:  classification  of, 
23,  114;  government  of,  116 

Colonies  of  the  World,  History  of: 
old  Europe  and  new  Europe,  20,  3; 
Portuguese  and  Spanish  colonies, 
33;  the  Dutch  and  English  settle-- 
ments,  55;  the  plantations,  66;  New 
France  and  New  England,  81;  the 
missions,  91;  the  middle  period  in 
colonial  history,  99;  the  period  of 
English  supremacy,  117;  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution,  127;  the  French 
Revolution,  136;  Canada  and  New- 
foundland, 149;  British  colonies  in 
the  South  Seas,  180;  South  Africa, 
218;  British  dependencies,  235;  co- 
lonial empire  of  France,  268;  the 
Dutch   colonial   empire,   285;   minor 


European  possessions,  297;  colonies 
and  dependencies  of  the  United 
States,  304;  the  outlook,  334 

Colonna,  Marco  Antonio  (1535-1584), 
an  Italian  commander:  leader  of 
expedition  against  Turks,  4,  310,  8, 
355,  14,  196 

Colonna,  Prospero  (1452-1523),  an 
Italian  general:  captured  by  the 
French,  4,  293,  9,  136 

Colophon,  Greece:  taken  by  the 
Athenians,  2,  367 

Colorado  (Centennial  State,  name 
means  "red"  or  "colored"),  one 
of  the  western  United  States:  the 
Grand  Canon  discovered,  23,  42;  ef- 
fect of  Missouri  Compromise,  456; 
part  of,  ceded  to  United  States,  24, 
552;  Northwest  Territory  includes 
part,  631;  discovery  of  gold,  901; 
Presidential  election  of  1892,  993; 
Presidential  election  of  1900,  1040; 
Presidential  election  of  1904,  1072 

Colotlan,  Mexico:  founded,  22,  138 

Colquhoun,  Archibald  R.  (ca.  1890), 
a  British  official  in  India:  sketch  of, 
19,  231 

Columba,  Saint  (521-597  A.D.),  a  Cel- 
tic missionary  in  Scotland:  founds 
monastery  at  Iona,  ix,  35;  sketch 
of,  xi,  25,  32 

Columban  (Columbanus),  Saint  (ca. 
540-615),  an  Irish  missionary: 
founds  a  monastery  in  Italy,  4,  168; 
sketch  of,  13,  338 

Columbia,  South  Carolina:  nullifica- 
tion convention  meets  at,  23,  493; 
secession  convention  at,  24,  684, 
burned,  807 

Columbia,  District  of:  see  District  of 
Columbia 

Columbia  River,  North  America:  dis- 
covered, 24,  541 

Columbia  University,  New  York: 
founded,  23,  140;  graduates  of,  in 
Constitutional  Convention,  323 

Columbian  Exposition,  World's,  an 
international  exposition  held  in  Chi- 
cago (1893):  preparations  for,  24, 
981;  held,  1009 

Columbus,  Kentucky:  Confederates 
hold,  24,  742;  abandoned  by  Con- 
federates, 746 


GENERAL    INDEX 


171 


Columbus,  Ohio:  Lincoln  makes 
speech  at,  24,  706;  popular  respect 
to  Lincoln's  remains,  827 

Columbus,  Bartholomew  (i445-i5iS)» 
brother  of  Christopher  Columbus: 
sails  around  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  23,  25;  his  success  in  Eng- 
land, 21,  4,  23,  29;  accompanies  his 
brother  on  his  second  voyage,  23, 
33;  his  rule  in  Hispaniola,  12 

Columbus,  Christopher,  an  Italian 
navigator  and  the  discoverer  of  the 
New  World:  born  of  poor  parents 
at  Genoa,  probably  in  1446,  al- 
though 1435  is  sometimes  given  as 
the  date;  received  a  good  education 
but  went  to  sea  early;  went  to 
Portugal,  1473  (?),  and  married 
there;  served  in  expeditions  along 
the  African  coast  and  probably 
made  a  trip  to  Iceland;  believing 
in  the  rotundity  of  the  earth,  he  pro- 
posed to  the  king  of  Portugal  to 
make  an  expedition  to  the  west  and 
thus  reach  the  eastern  coast  of 
Asia,  but  the  king  proving  treach- 
erous, he  left  Portugal  and  made  his 
offers  to  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  of 
Spain,  1484(F);  at  first  his  schemes 
were  laughed  at  but  in  1492,  after 
suffering  untold  difficulties,  he  suc- 
ceeded in  obtaining  the  support  he 
desired  and  sailed  from  Spain  in 
command  of  three  vessels;  in  all 
he  made  four  voyages  across  the 
Atlantic,  sailing,  August  3,  1492, 
September  25,  1493,  May  30,  1498, 
and  May  9,  1502;  he  made  discov- 
eries in  the  West  Indies  and  in 
South  America;  died  in  poverty  at 
Valladolid,  Spain,  May  20  or  21 
(O.  S.),  1506 

Early  history,  23,  26;  attempts  to 
present  his  schemes  to  Spanish  sov- 
ereigns, 28;  voyages  of,  5,  145,  8, 
186,  20,  36,  31,  5,  23,  30;  influence 
of  his  discoveries,  ix,  229;  visits 
Honduras,  22,  437;  honored  by 
Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  23,  32;  sent 
to  Spain  in  chains,  33;  death,  34 

Columbus,  Diego  (1476-1526),  son  of 
Christopher  Columbus:  explorations 
of,  22,  3 


Columbus,  Fernando  (1488-1539),  son 
of  Christopher  Columbus:  birth  of, 
21,  4 

Colvin,  Auckland  (1838 ),  English 

governor  in  India:  sketch  of,  5,  261 

Colvin,  John  Russell  (ca.  1840),  In- 
dian Civil  Service:  secretary  to 
Lord  Auckland,  5,  215;  his  services 
in  India,  223 

Combermere,  Stapleton  Cotton,  Vis- 
count (1773-1865),  English  general: 
his  campaigns  in  India,  5,  212;  in 
Russia,  15,  218 

Combes  (ca.  1830),  French  general: 
his  campaign  in  Italy,  9,  401 

Comenius,  John:  see  Komenski,  John 

Comines,  Philip  de  (1445-1509),  Flem- 
ish historian:  sketch  of,  13,  62:  re- 
bels against  Anne  of  Beaujeau,  9, 
127;  warns  Charles  VIII  against 
League  of  Venice,  131 

Comitia,  assemblies  in  Rome:  (1) 
Curiata,  description  of,  3,  14; 
change  in  character  of,  33;  (2)  Cen- 
turiata,  increased  political  power, 
33;  under  Sulla's  constitution,  234; 
(3)  Tributa,  established,  43 

Commander,  The  Invisible:  see  Rag- 
lan, Fitzroy  James  Henry,  Baron 

Commerce,  Father  of  English:  see 
Edward  III,  King  of  England 

Commerce  and  Trade:  see  Trade  and 
Commerce 

Commercial  Treaty,  between  France 
and  England   (i860),   ix,  621 

Committee  of  Correspondence,  Se- 
cret: appointed  by  second  Conti- 
nental Congress,  23,  238;  work  of, 
265;  name  changed  to  Committee 
on  Foreign  Affairs,  265 

Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs:  see 
Committee  of  Correspondence,  Se- 
cret 

Committees,  The,  French  Revolution- 
ary Councils:  strive  to  bring  about 
the  fall  of  Robespierre  by  means 
of  Catherine  Theot,  10,  305;  its 
members,  320;  democratic  members 
replaced  by  Thermidorian  members, 
323;  of  Twelve  (1793),  256;  of 
Eleven  (i795),  335 

Commodus,  Lucius  Aurelius  (161-192 
A.  D.),  Emperor  of  Rome,  180-192 


172 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


A.D.:  reign  of,  2,  525,  4,  99,  17,  14, 
18,  26 

Common  Pleas,  Court  of,  in  England: 
established,  11,  145 

"  Common  Sense,"  pamphlet  by- 
Thomas  Paine  (1776):  published, 
23,  143 

Commoner,  The  Great:  see  Pitt,  Wil- 
liam, Earl  of  Chatham 

Commons,  House  of:  see  House  of 
Commons 

Commonwealth,  The,  the  government 
of  England  from  the  death  of 
Charles  I  (1649)  to  the  Restoration 
of  Charles  II  (1660):  account  of, 
II,  362;  effect  on  Virginia,  23,  64 

Communal  Houses:  found  in  the  Co- 
lumbian region,  23,  10 

Communal  List,  The:  during  the 
French  Consulate,  10,  433 

Communal  System,  socialistic  scheme 
of  living:  in  Virginia  colony,  23,  61; 

Comonfort,  Ignacio  (1812-1863),  Mex- 
ican soldier  and  statesman:  elected 
president  of  Mexico,  22,  382 

Comorn,  Austria-Hungary:  siege  of 
(1848),  18,  402 

Comoro  Islands,  in  the  Mozambique 
channel:  sketch  of,  19,  213;  placed 
under  the  governor  of  Madagascar, 
20,  279 

Compact,  The,  the  agreement  to  form 
a  body  politic:  signed  by  Pilgrims, 
23,  84 

Compactata  of  the  Bohemian  Nation, 
religious  and  civil  agreement  be- 
tween Bohemia  and  Sigismund 
(1436),  17,  140 

Company,  The:  see  United  Company 
of  Merchants  of  England  trading  to 
the  East  Indies,  The 

Company  of  Scotland  trading  to  Af- 
rica and  the  Indies,  The,  Scottish 
trading  company:  organized  (1695), 
5,  171 

Company  of  the  Levant,  to  promote 
commerce,  founded  by  Charles  VI 
(1719),  17,  192 

Company  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
Royal,  Spanish  trading  company: 
organized  (1733),  5,  171 

Compeegne,  France:  skirmish  of 
(1430),  11,  204 


Compromise  of  1850,  also  called  Om- 
nibus Bill,  a  series  of  measures 
passed  by  the  United  States  Con- 
gress in  1850,  aiming  at  a  general 
settlement  of  disputes  over  the 
slavery  question,  24,  601,  609 

Compromises  of  the  United  States 
Constitution:  representation,  24, 
327;  apportionment  of  representa- 
tion, 327,  566;  foreign  slave  trade, 
566 

Compte  Rendu,  account  of  the  re- 
ceipts and  expenses  of  the  French 
government:  Necker  issues,  10,  30 

Compton,  Henry  (1632-1713),  an  Eng- 
glish  prelate:  his  struggle  with 
James  II,  11,  424 

Compton,  Spencer,  Earl  of  Wilming- 
ton (1673-1743),  an  English  politi- 
cian: premiership  of,  11,  477;  be- 
comes First  Lord  of  the  Treasury, 
484 

Compulsory  Loans,  Law  of,  passed  in 
France:  effect  of,  10,  406;  abolished, 
432 

Conall  Gulban  (ca.  450  A.D.),  Irish 
noble:  conversion  of,  12,  29 

Conan,  Saint  (ca.  700  A.  D.),  Irish 
missionary:  sent  to  Britain,  12,  253 

Conancio  (ca.  980  A.D.),  Spanish 
rebel:  encourages  Mohammedan  in- 
vasions of  Leon,  8,  138 

Concepcion,  Chile:  founded,  20,  50; 
rioting  at  (1829),  21,  215 

Concha,  Manuel,  Marquis  of  Duero 
(1808-1874),  a  Spanish  general:  in 
Carlist  revolt,  8,  514 

Concini,  Concino,  Marquis  of  Ancre 
(d.  1617),  a  Florentine  courtier, 
marshal  and  prime  minister  of 
France:  made  marshal,  9,  178;  death 
of,  180 

Concord,  New  Hampshire:  battle  of 
(1775),  11,  SiS,  23,  227 

Concordat  of  1801,  The,  an  agreement 
between  Napoleon  Bonaparte  and 
Pius  VII,  10,  449 

Concordat  of  1855,  The,  an  agreement 
between  Francis  Joseph  of  Austria 
and  Pius  IX,  17,  382 

Concordat  of  Worms,  a  convention 
concluded  between  Emperor  Henry 
V  and  Calixtus  II   (1122),  16,  74 


GENERAL    INDEX 


173 


Conde,  Henri  I  de  Bourbon,  Prince 
of  (1552-1588),  a  French  Protestant 
leader:  becomes  champion  of  reli- 
gious freedom  in  France,  9,  156; 
death  of,  162 

Conde,  Henri  II  de  Bourbon,  Prince 
of  (1588-1646),  son  of  Henri  I  of 
Bourbon:  marriage  of,  9,  I75>  revolt 
of,  178;  arrested,  179 

Conde,  Louis  I  de  Bourbon,  Prince  of 
(1530-1569),  a  French  general:  op- 
poses policy  of  Catherine  de'  Med- 
ici, 9,  149;  death  of,  156 

Conde,  Louis  II  de  Bourbon,  Prince 
of  (1621-1686),  a  celebrated  French 
general:  campaigns  of,  9,  199,  210, 
13,  214,  18,  292,  300;  arrested,  202; 
at  war  with  Anne  of  Austria,  203; 
death  of,  211 

Conde,  Louis  Joseph  de  Bourbon, 
Prince  of  (1736-1818),  a  French 
general:  leaves  France,  9,  205;  leads 
emigrants  against  France,  276;  op- 
poses influence  of  Necker,  10,  50; 
leaves  France,  72;  opens  corre- 
spondence with  Lyons,  115;  im- 
peached, 164;  taken  by  the  allied 
powers,  271 

Condorcet,  Marie  Jean  Antoine  Nico- 
las Caritat,  Marquis  of  (1 743-1 794), 
a  French  philosopher  and  mathema- 
tician: leads  Girondist  party,  9,  272; 
poisons  himself,  10,  280 

Condorquanqui  (d.  1781),  Cacique  of 
Taugasuga,  a  South  American  pa- 
triot: revolt  of,  21,  51 

Condottieri,  mercenaries  in  Italy:  rise 
of,  4,  251 

Conejares,  Francisco  Ruiz  de  (ca. 
1794),  a  Mexican  official:  buys  the 
sub-delegation  of  Villa-Alta,  22,  223 

Confederacy,  The,  the  group  of  eleven 
states  which  seceded  from  the 
United  States,  1860-1861:  secession 
of  the  Southern  States,  24,  684; 
seizes  property  of  United  States 
within  seceding  States,  691;  organ- 
ized, 694;  Montgomery  selected  as 
capital,  693;  permanent  Constitution 
adopted,  695;  preparations  for  war, 
708,  738;  capital  transferred  to 
Richmond,  718;  enlistment  of  priva- 
teers,  723;    strength   and   resources, 


724;  loss  of  New  Orleans,  752; 
height  of  its  hopes,  770;  effect  of 
Gettysburg  and  Vicksburg,  782; 
strength  of  its  army  compared  with 
army  of  Potomac,  787;  government 
removed  to  Greenboro,  813;  dis- 
bandment  of  army,  814;  finances, 
819;  cost  of  the  war,  821;  sufferings, 
823;  see  also  Civil  War,  American 

Confederate  Flag:  adopted,  24,  694 

Confederation,  Act  of,  an  act  granting 
certain  rights  and  privileges  to  the 
German  confederation  (1815),  18, 
392 

Confederation,  Articles  of:  see  Arti- 
cles of  Confederation 

Confederation  of  the  Netherlands:  or- 
ganized, 13,  86 

Confederation  of  the  Rhine  (1806),  a 
confederation  of  fourteen  princes  of 
the  south  and  west  of  Germany, 
recognizing  Napoleon  as  their  pro- 
tector: formed,  9,  327,  17,  294,  18, 
3^7,  371;  dissolution  of,  18,  386 

Confession  of  Faith:  see  Augsburg 
Confession,  The 

"  Confirmatio  Cartarum,"  confirma- 
tion of  the  charters  in  England 
(1297),  11,   150 

Conflans,  Herbert  de  Brienne,  Count 
de  (1690-1777),  a  French  marshal: 
at  battle  of  Quiberon  Bay,  11,  501 

Conflans,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  conclud- 
ed between  Louis  XI  of  France  and 
the  Dukes  of  Bourbon,  Brittany  and 
Burgundy  (1465),  9,  122 

Confucius  (K'ung-fu-tzc),  a  Chinese 
philosopher,  called  the  Philosopher 
of  China:  born  in  the  kingdom  of 
Lu  (modern  Shantung),  China, 
about  551  B.  C;  was  descended 
from  a  celebrated  but  impoverished 
family;  was  remarkable  for  his  ami- 
able qualities  as  a  youth;  became 
mandarin  and  then  superintendent 
of  the  public  markets;  afterwards 
had  charge  of  the  public  parks  and 
herds;  came  forward  as  a  public 
teacher  at  the  age  of  twenty-two; 
was  one  of  the  chief  ministers  of 
the  Marquis  of  Lu;  retired  from  of- 
fice and  traveled  for  thirteen  years, 
during    which    time    he    spread    his 


174 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


doctrines;  returned  to  Lu,  483, 
where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
life  in  writing  and  teaching;  was 
the  author  of  "  Chun-Tsew "  and 
the  "Four  Books";  died,  478  B.  C. 
As  historian,  6,  5,  7,  8;  influence 
of,  8,  9,  10,  25,  34,  234 

Conger,  Edwin  Hurd  (1843 ),  an 

American  diplomat:  minister  to 
China,  6,  297 

Conger,  Mrs.  E.  H.,  wife  of  American 
minister:  influence  of,  6,  307 

Congo  Free  State,  Africa:  created,  19, 
116;  placed  under  the  control  of 
Belgium,  13,  311;  exports  of,  19, 
124;  revenues  and  expenditures  of, 
125;  present  status  of,  250;  descrip- 
tion of,  20,  299 

Congo  Railway  Company:  completes 
its  line,  19,  126 

Congo  Treaty  (1884),  a  treaty  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  Portugal 
(1884),  19,  76 

Congregation,  The,  a  French  secret 
society  instituted  in  early  nine- 
teenth century:  rise  of,  9,  377 

Congregation,  Lords  of  the,  the  lead- 
ers of  the  Protestants  of  Scotland 
in  the  16th  century:  organized,  11, 
277,  12,  312 

Congregation  of  Cluny,  a  congrega- 
tion of  monks  who  preached  the 
"  Truce  of  God "  in  the  eleventh 
century,  18,   128 

Congregational  Church:  state  church 
in  Massachusetts,  23,  101;  in  every 
New  England  town,  145;  services, 
146;  supported  by  taxation,  148 

"Congress,"  The,  a  United  States 
frigate:  fires  on  the  "  Merrimac," 
24,  7S4J  destroyed,  755 

Congress  of  the  Confederacy:  powers 
of,  24,  695 

Congress  of  the  United  States:  the 
American  Senate  and  House  of 
Representatives:  powers  of,  23,  331; 
prohibitions  against,  in  Constitution, 
331;  character  of  the  first  Congress, 
342;  power  to  impose  conditions  in 
admitting  states,  452;  power  over, 
slavery,  24,  581;  extraordinary  ses- 
sion of  1861,  715;  denies  seats  to 
Southern   members,  842;   debate  on 


reconstruction,  843;  passes  Recon- 
struction  Acts,   846 

Congresses,  The  Albany,  meetings  of 
the  American  colonies:  (1690),  23, 
106;  (I7S4),  174 

Conkling,  Roscoe  (1829- 1888),  an 
American  politician:  candidate  for 
Presidential  nomination  (1876),  24, 
907;  opposed  to  Hayes,  915;  urges 
nomination  of  Grant  for  third  term, 
925;  feud  with  Blaine,  926;  sketch 
of,  926;  origin  of  feud  with  Garfield, 
932;  opposes  appointment  of  Rob- 
ertson, 933;  resisted  by  Arthur,  936; 
responsible  for  Blaine's  defeat  in 
New  York,  948 

Conn  the  Hundred-Fighter,  a  legend- 
ary king  of  Ireland:  story  of,  12,  25 

Connaught,    Arthur   William    Patrick 

Albert,  Duke  of  (1850 ),  brother 

of  Edward  VII  of  England:  visits 
India,  5,  288 

Connecticut,  one  of  the  New  England 
States  of  the  United  States,  means 
"  long  river,"  called  the  Nutmeg 
State  and  the  Land  of  Steady  Hab- 
its: origin,  23,  91;  colonial  consti- 
tution of,  92;  trouble  with  Dutch, 
92;  with  Indians,  93;  charter  se- 
cured, 93;  seeks  confederation  of 
New  England,  96;  agriculture,  101; 
Dutch  relinquish  claims,  103;  co- 
lonial government  of,  115;  educa- 
tional growth,  140;  Episcopal 
Church  in,  147;  Congregational 
Church  supported  by  taxation,  148; 
wearing  of  silk  forbidden,  154; 
"  Blue  Laws,"  154;  in  Colonial 
Congress,  158;  quarrel  with  Penn- 
sylvania over  Wyoming  Valley,  312; 
cedes  Northwest  Territory  to  the 
United  States,  317;  choses  delegates 
for  Constitutional  Convention,  323; 
ratifies  the  Constitution,  336;  favors 
financial  plans  of  Hamilton,  350;  in 
War  of  1812,  430;  Hartford  conven- 
tion, 431;  measures  toward  aboli- 
tion of  slavery  adopted,  24,  564; 
abolition  societies  formed,  571; 
opening  of  schools  to  negroes  pro- 
hibited, 575;  state  election  of  1855, 
646;  Presidential  election  of  1884, 
947;    Presidential    election    of    188$, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


175 


967;  Presidential  election  of  1892, 
992 

Connecticut  Compromise,  regulating 
representation  in  Congress,  23,  327 

Conner,  David  (1792-1856),  an  Ameri- 
can naval  commander:  in  the  Mex- 
ican War,  22,  289 

Conon  (d.  392  B.  C.)»  Athenian  com- 
mander: Athenian  admiral,  2,  370; 
besieged  in  Mitylene,  371;  flies  to 
Cyprus,  376;  takes  service  with  Per- 
sia, 401 ;  rebuilds  walls  of  Athens, 
402;  imprisoned,  404 

Conqueror,  The:  see  William  (I)  the 
Conqueror,  King  of  England 

Conrad  I  (d.  918  A.  D.),  King  of  Ger- 
many (911-918  A.  D.):  reign  of,  18, 
104 

Conrad  II  (d.  1039),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1027-1039:  elected  King  of 
Germany,  18,  124;  crowned  em- 
peror, 125;  Knud  at  the  coronation 
of,  16,  60;  crowned  King  of  Bur- 
gundy, 13,  345,  18,  126;  in  Italy, 
4,   183,  18,   127;  death  of,  18,   127 

Conrad  III  (1093-1152),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1138-1152;  heir  of  Henry 
V  of  Germany,  18,  142;  accession 
of,  17,  90;  reign  of,  18,  144 

Conrad  IV  (1228-1254),  King  of  Ger- 
many, 1250-1254:  accession  of,  18, 
•  164;  reign  of,  4,  206;  opposed  by 
Henry  Raspe,  18,  166;  his  war  with 
William  of  Holland,  168 

Conrad  V,  King  of  Germany:  see 
Conradin,   King  of   Germany 

Conrad  (10th  century),  King  of  Bur- 
gundy: visits  Otto  II,  18,  117 

Conrad  III,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  1127: 
made  duke,  13,  349 

Conrad  (10th  century),  Duke  of  Lor- 
raine: invested  with  Lorraine,  18, 
111;  rebellion  of,  112 

Conrad  (late  9th  century),  nephew  of 
Lewis  the  Pious:  establishes  King- 
dom  of  Upper   Burgundy,   18,  98 

Conrad  (d.  1101),  son  of  Henry  IV: 
rebellion  of,  18,   137 

Conrad  (late  15th  century),  tutor  of 
Christian  II  of  Denmark,  16,  147 

Conrad  of  Marburg  (d.  1233),  a  Ger- 
man inquisitor:  sketch  of,   18,   163 


Conrad  von   Mure    (13th   century),   a 

Swiss  poet:  sketch  of,  13,  361 
Conrad    von    Tegerfeld     (early     14th 
century),  an  Austrian  knight:  plots 
against  Albert  I  of  Austria,  13,  364 
Conradin     (Conrad    V)     (1252-1268), 
son  of  Conrad  IV:  career  of,  8,  244, 
18,  168;  death  of,  4,  215,  9,  85 
Consarbruck,       Prussia:       battle       of 

(1675),  9,  212 
Conselhevio:  see  Maciel,  Antonio 
Conservatives,  German  deputies  in  fa- 
vor of   strong  monarchical   govern- 
ment: description  of,  18,  434 
Conspiracies : 
B.  C. 

ca.  1 180.     Rameses  III,  1,  29 
ca.     708.     Conspiracy     of     Phanlan- 

thus,  2,  73 
ca.  625.     Conspiracy  of  Cylon,  2,  99, 

100 
ca.  527.     Conspiracy  of   Harmodius 

and  Aristogeiton,  2,  111 
379.     Against  Leontiades,  2,  423 
87.     Against  Sulla,  3,  221 
ca.    78.     Against    Sertorius,    3,    257, 

8,  21 
65.     Catilinarian   conspiracy,  3,   280 
44.     Against  Caesar,  4,  4 
A.  D. 

ca.  31.     Against  Tiberius,  4,  51 
41.     Against  Caligula,  4,  58 
415.     Against  Ataulpus,  8,  36 
415.     Against  Sigeric,  8,  36 
584.     Against     kings     of     Austrasia 

and   Burgundy,  9,  29 
ca.   612.     Against   Brunhilda,  9,   31 
ca.  656.     Against  Childeric  II,  9,  34 
ca.  816.     Against   Ludwig  the   Ger- 
man, 18,  90 
ca.  821.     Against  Alhakem,  8,  72 
ca.    936.     Against    Otto    I    of    Ger- 
many, 18,  1090 
ca.   1018.     Against  Alcassim,   8,  81 
ca.    1023.     Against   Abderahman   V, 

8,  81 
1062.     Against    Henry    IV    of    Ger- 
many, 18,  131 
1075.     Against    William    the     Con- 
queror, 11,  78 
1308.     Against     Albert     I     of    Ger- 
many, 18,  185 


176 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


ca.  1324.  Against  Lewis  IV  of  Ba- 
varia, 18,  188 

1325.  Against  Edward  II  of  Eng- 
land, 11,   155 

1343.  Against  the  Federal  League, 
13,  373 

1355-  Conspiracy  of  Marino  Fa- 
lieri,  4,  248 

1358.     Against     Mohammed     V,     8, 

115 

ca.  1378.  Against  Vasclav  VI  of 
Bohemia,  17,  118 

ca.  1396.  Against  Wenzel  of  Ger- 
many, 18,  198 

1399.  Against  Henry  IV  of  Eng- 
land, 11,  191 

1415.  Against  Henry  V  of  Eng- 
land, 11,  197 

ca.  1436.  Against  James  I  of  Scot- 
land, 12,  293 

1483.  Against  Joam  II,  of  Portu- 
gal, 8,  321 

ca.   1495.     Against  Vasco  da   Gama, 

8,  325 

ca.     1495.     Against    Cojumbus,    2j, 

10 
15 19.     Against  Cortez,  22,  20 
1521.     Against  Cortez,  22,  51 
ca.  1522.     Against  Francis  I,  4,  302 
1560.     Conspiracy    of    Amboise,    9, 

151 

1566.     Against  Rizzio,  12,  316 

1566.  Against  the  Marques  del 
Valle,  22,  122 

1571.     Ridolfi  plot,  ii,  287 

ca.  1578.  Against  James  VI  of 
Scotland,   12,  325 

1584.  Against  Elizabeth  of  Eng- 
land, 11,  293 

1586.  Against  Elizabeth  of  Eng- 
land, 11,  294 

1602.     Against  Henry  IV  of  France, 

9,  175 

1605.     Guy  Fawkes's  plot,  11,  309 

ca.  1605.  Against  Boris  of  Rus- 
sia, 15,  20 

1607.  Against  Earl  of  Tyrone  and 
Earl  of  Tirconnell,  12,   106 

ca.  1609.  Against  royal  lieutenants, 
17,  201 

ca.  1616.  Against  Louis  XIII  of 
France,  9,   180 

1618.     Against  Venice,  4,  315 


1619.  For  a  proposed  general  revo- 
lution throughout  Holland,  13, 
205 

ca.  1625.  Against  Richelieu,  9,  184, 
185 

1640.  Against  Joam  IV  of  Portu- 
gal, 8,  463 

1640.  Against  Philip  III  of  Portu- 
gal, 8,  456 

1642.  Against  Richelieu,  8,  378,  9, 
194 

1648.  Against  Ibrahim,  Sultan  of 
Turkey,  14,  227 

ca.  1668.  Against  Pedro  II  of  Por- 
tugal, 8,  469 

1680.  Against  the  Spaniards  in 
New  Mexico,  22,  175 

1683.     Rye  House  Plot,  11,  414 

1689.  Against  Peter  the  Great,  15, 
30 

ca.  1695.  Against  William  III  of 
England,   11,  445 

1716.  Against  Louis  XV  of  France, 
9,  231 

l733-  Against  Queen  Anne  of  Rus- 
sia, 15,  no 

ca.  1739.  Of  the  Dolgorukis,  15, 
125 

ca.  1755.  Against  Jose  of  Portu- 
gal, 8,  472 

1762.  Against  Peter  III  of  Russia, 

15,  155 

1763.  Of  Pontiac,  23,  200 

1764.  To  rescue  Ivan  VI  of  Rus- 
sia, 15,  163 

1772.  Against  Caroline  Matilda  of 
Denmark,   16,   243 

1792.  Against  Gustavus  (IV)  Adol- 
phus  of  Sweden,  15,   189,  16,  249 

1793-  Against  the  Girondists,  10, 
247 

1793.  Against  the  government  of 
France,  10,  255,  256,  261 

1794.  Of  Robespierre,  10,  306 

1795.  Against  the  overthrowers  of 
the  French  constitution,  i»,  335 

1796.  For  the  destruction  of  the 
French  constitution,  10,  376 

1796.     Of  French  printers,  10,  427 

1799.  Against  the  constitution  of 
the  year  III,  10,  410 

1800.  Against  Napoleon,   10,  441 
1803.     Against  Napoleon,  10,  455 


GENERAL    INDEX 


177 


1804.     Against  Napoleon,  9,  321 
1812.     Against  Napoleon,  10,  485 
1820.     Against     Louis      XVIII     of 

France,  9,  375 
1820.     Against  the  English  cabinet, 

11,  573 

1825.     Against   Nicholas   I    of   Rus- 
sia, 15,  272 
1828.     Against  Bolivar,  21,  83 
1836.     Against      Louis      Philip      of 
France,  9,  410 

1847.  Against     the     Americans     of 
New  Mexico,  22,  305 

1848.  Conspiracy      against      Count 
Rossi,  4,  363 

1858.     Against     Napoleon     III     of 

France,  9,  449 
1866-1881.     Against  Alexander  II  of 

Russia,  15,  339 
1868.     Against  Isabella  II  of  Spain, 

8,  509 
1889.     Of  Boulanger,  9,  485 

Constanca,  see  Constance 

Constance,  a  city  of  Baden:  founded, 
18,   30;    siege    of    (1548),    13,   460 

Constance,  Queen  of  Sicily,  1283-1298: 
marries   Peter   III,  4,  215,   8,  243 

Constance  (late  12th  century),  a  Hun- 
garian princess:  affianced  to  the 
Duke  of  Suabia,  17,  55 

Constance  (early  nth  century), 
daughter  of  the  Count  of  Toulouse: 
marries  Robert  II  of  France,  9,  67 

Constance  of  Sicily  (1155-1198),  Em- 
press of  Germany:  marries  Henry 
VI  of  Germany,  18,  155 

Constance,  Council  of,  a  council  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  church  (1414- 
1418),  13,  396,  17,  123,  18,  203 

Constance,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  of 
peace  between  Frederick  Barba- 
rossa  and  the  Lombard  League 
(1183),  4,  195,  18,  153 

Constans  I  (Flavius  Julius),  (ca.  320- 
350  A.  D.),  Roman  Emperor,  son  of 
Constantine  the  Great:  reign  of,  4, 
123;  his  campaign  in  Spain,  8,  35 

Constant,  Benjamin  (ca.  1890),  Bra- 
zilian revolutionist:  leads  revolu- 
tion in  Brazil,  21,  253;  secretary  of 
war  in  provisional  government,  253 

Constant    de    Rebecque,    Henry    Ben- 


jamin (1767-1830),  French  political 
writer,  orator  and  politician:  op- 
poses Napoleon,  9,  319;  leads  con- 
stitutional party,  358;  draws  up  the 
"  Additional  Act  to  the  Constitu- 
tions of  the  Empire,"  361;  his  rela- 
tions to  the  revolution  of  1830,  391; 
suggests  the  Duke  of  Orleans  as 
successor  of  Charles  X,  392 

Constantine,  a  city  in  Algeria:  sieges 
of  (1836),  9,  411;   (1837),  413 

Constantine  (I)  (Flavius  Valerius  Au- 
relius  Constantinus)  the  Great,  Em- 
peror of  Rome,  308-337  A.  D.,  and 
the  first  Christian  emperor:  born  at 
Naissus  (Nissa),  Upper  Mcesia, 
February,  272  A.  D.;  was  appointed 
Caesar  at  the  death  of  his  father, 
306;  was  recognized,  308,  as  Augus- 
tus by  the  Augustus  Maximian 
whom  he  put  to  death,  309;  de- 
feated the  Augustus  Maxentius,  312, 
in  a  battle  near  Rome;  it  was  during 
this  battle  that  he  was  converted  to 
Christianity  by  the  sign  of  the  cross 
appearing  in  the  sky  with  the 
words  appended,  "  In  this  sign  con- 
quer;" became  sole  emperor  by  his 
victory  at  Adrianople  over  Licinius, 
323;  caused  Christianity  to  be  ac- 
knowledged by  the  state  and  con- 
vened the  Council  of  Nice,  325; 
made  Constantinople  the  capital  of  ' 
the  Roman  empire,  330;  died  at 
Nicomedia,  Bithynia,  May  22,  337 
A.  D. 

His  campaign  in  Gaul  and  Ger- 
many, 18,  30;  attempts  to  gain  pos- 
session of  Belgium,  13,  10;  pro- 
claimed emperor,  4,  117;  reign  of, 
121;  campaign  against  Maxentius, 
118;  issues  the  Edict  of  Milan,  17, 
15;  his  reign  in  the  West,  4,  119; 
interposes  in  war  between  Vandals 
and  Visigoths,  18,  32;  Christianity 
established  by,  2,  524;  condition  of 
Gaul  under,  9,  13;  condition  of 
Spain  under,   8,  28 

Constantine  (early  5th  century),  a  Ro- 
man emperor  in  Britain:  proclaimed 
emperor  in  Britain  (409  A.  D.),  n, 
16 


178 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Constantine  (V)  Copronymus  (719- 
775  A.  D.),  Emperor  of  the  East, 
741-775;  accession,  4,   170 

Constantine  XI  (Constantine  XIII 
Palaeologus)  (1394-1453),  Byzantine 
Emperor,  1448-1453:  account  of,  14, 
72 

Constantine  II  (d.  952  A.  D.),  King 
of  Scotland,  900-943  A.  D.:  reign  of, 
4,  123,  12,  255 

Constantine  Nikolaivitch  (1827-1892), 
Grand  Duke  of  Russia:  made  vice- 
roy  of   Poland,   15,   326;   recall   of, 

329 
Constantine    Pavlovitch     (1779-1831), 
Grand  Duke  of  Russia:  account  of, 

14,  345,  358,  361,  362,  IS,  271;  at 
Potemkin's  reception,  185;  made 
commander  in  chief  of  Polish 
forces,  263;  renounces  the  throne, 
267;  in  the  Polish  insurrection,  293; 
death  of,  295 

Constantine  of  Gaul,  The:  see  Clovis 
Constantinople  (Byzantium),  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  called  the  City  of  the 
Seven  Hills:  rise  of,  4,  122;  Goths 
attack,  2,  530;  Arabs  attack,  14,  4; 
Byzantine  empire  united  under,  2, 
532;  sieges  of  (1625),  2,  533;  (668- 
673),  I,  330;  (718-720),  1,  330,  2, 
5335  Avars  attack,  17,  21;  captured 
by  crusaders,  14,  5;  menaced  by 
Bayezid,  45;  siege  of  (1261),  9,  84; 
fall   of,  2,   535,   536,   14,  58,  75,  82, 

15,  14,  17,  160,  18,  220,  23,  20;  re- 
sult of  fall  of,  2,  538;  churches  of, 
converted  to  mosques  by  Selim,  14, 
139;  adorned  by  Suleiman  the 
Great,  187;  visited  by  plague  (1637), 
220;  ravaged  by  fire  (1693),  261; 
relations  with  Russia,  14,  345,  357 
362,  15,  8;  Turkish  massacre  at,  2, 
543;  see  also  Byzantium 

Constantinople,  Conference  of  (1876- 
1877),  a  conference  of  the  six  great 
powers  and  Turkey,  15,  333 

Constantius  (I)  Chlorus  (250-306  A 
D),  Emperor  of  Rome:  made 
Caesar,  4,  114;  condition  of  Gaul 
under,  9,  13;  attempts  to  gain  pos- 
session of  Belgium,  13,   10 

Constantius  II   (317-361  A.  D.),  Em 


peror  of  Rome:  reign  of,  4,  123,  17, 

15 

Constantius  (ca.  400  A.  D.),  Roman 
general:  his  campaign  against  the 
Goths,  8,  36 

Constanza  (ca.  1350),  daughter  of  Pe- 
dro IV  of  Aragon:  declared  heir 
to  throne,  8,  251 

"Constellation,"  American  frigate: 
built,  23,  375 

Constitutio  Valdemariana,  separates 
Slesvig-Holstein  from  the  Danish 
kingdom,  16,  266 

"Constitution,"  American  frigate: 
built,  23,  375;  one  of  the  largest 
boats  in  the  navy,  419;  destroys  the 
"  Guerriere,"  422;  destroys  the 
"Java,"  422;  Jackson's  carriage  built 
of  wood  from,  511 

Constitutional  Circles,  The,  French 
Revolutionary  clubs:  oppose  the 
measures  against  the  emigrants,  10, 
158;  ordered  to  be  closed,  10,  390 

Constitutional  Convention,  United 
States:  origin  of,  23,  321;  delegates 
chosen,  322;  distinguished  character 
of,  323;  struggle  over  slavery  ques- 
tion, 24,  566 

Constitutional  Parties  in  Japan:  or- 
ganized, 7,  219,  227 

Constitutional  Union  Party:  see  Dem- 
ocratic Party  (Northern) 

Constitutions:  see  also  Government 
AFRICA:    Cape    Colony,    20,    223; 
the  South  African  Republic,  227 
ARGENTINE       REPUBLIC:      of 
1826,  21,  120;  of  1853,  128 
AUSTRALIA:  of  the  four  colonies, 
20,  199;  of  1900,  207 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:     Bohemia, 
17,    209;    constitution   of    March   4, 
380;   modifications  of,  399 
BOLIVIA:  Bolivian  code,  21,  184 
BRAZIL:  modifications  of,  21,  169; 
outline  of,  171 

CANADA:  of  1864,  20,  165;  Upper 
and  Lower  Canada,  167 
CARTHAGE:  aristocratic,  3,  93,  94 
CHILI:   of   1828,   21,  215;  of   1833, 
216 

COLOMBIA:    of    1821,   21,   73;   of 
1863,  87;  of  1886,  245 


GENERAL    INDEX 


179 


CUBA:  of  Cadiz,  20,  325;  of  1895, 
22,  453;  of  1901,  22,  467,  471,  34, 
1046 

DENMARK:  liberal,  16,  269;  of 
1855,  16,  273 

ECUADOR:  of  1835,  31,  108; 
changes  in  (1843),  109 
EGYPT:  Naukratis,  1,  32 
ENGLAND:  of  Simon  de  Montfort, 
II,  140;  proposed  constitution  of 
1647,  358;  "The  Instrument  of  Gov- 
ernment," 367 

FRANCE:  of  1789,  9,  265,  268,  271, 
10,  85,  103,  117,  122;  of  1791,  10, 
147;  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  9,  315; 
senatorial,  9,  350,  355,  10,  3Sh  352; 
"Additional  Act,"  9,  361;  republi- 
can, 438;  of  1875,  479 
GAUL:  constitution  of  the  clan 
canton,  3,  290 

GERMANY:  of  the  "North  Ger- 
man Confederation,"  18,  413;  of 
1871,  18,  428 

GREECE:  constitution  of  Lycur- 
gus,  2,  62;  laws  of  Draco,  100; 
laws  of  Solon,  104;  constitution 
of  Cleisthenes,  145;  important 
change  in  the  constitution  of  Cleis- 
thenes, 174;  changes  of  Pericles  in 
the  Athenian  Constitution,  252,  253, 
256;  changes  in  the  constitution  by 
the  "Thirty  Tyrants,"  383;  Philip 
of  Macedon's  constitution,  480;  the 
constitution  of  1843,  546;  adoption 
of  the  constitution  in  1864,  549 
HAYTI:  of  Petion  (1816),  22,  496 
ICELAND:  of  Ulfliot  (930  A.  D.), 
16,  298 

ITALY:  the  constitution  of  Flor- 
ence (1266),  4,  225;  the  constitu- 
tion of  Florence  (1324),  227; 
changes  in  the  constitution  of 
Florence,  231;  constitution  of  Ven- 
ice, 246;  constitutions  of  Savoy, 
277;  constitution  of  Piedmont,  356; 
the  constitution  of  Charles  Albert, 
357;  constitution  of  Pius  IX,  363 
JAPAN:  imperial  constitution,  7, 
184,  201 

MEXICO:  of  1812,  22,  247;  of  1824, 
258,  263;  of  1857,  382 
NETHERLANDS:        Fundamental 
Law,  13,  292;  liberal,  314 


NEW  ZEALAND:  of  1852,  20, 
213;  of  1875,  214 

NORWAY:  of  1814,  16,  282;  amend- 
ment of,  283 

PERU:  Bolivian  Code,  21,  192;  of 
i860,  200;  of  1867,  208;  of  i860  re- 
stored, 209 

POLAND:  aristocratic,  15,  377 
PORTO     RICO:     set     up    by    the 
United  States,  20,  324 
PORTUGAL:  of  1822,  8,  534 
ROME:  the  earliest  constitution,  3, 
11;  changes  in  the  constitution  (509- 
508  B.  C),  29;  Servian  constitution, 
38;   gradual   changes,    153;   the  con- 
stitution   of    Gaius    Gracchus,    180; 
the    changes    of   Sulla,   211;    Sulla's 
constitution,     3,    233;     abolition    of 
the  Sullan  constitution,  267 
RUSSIA:     proposal     of,     15,     265; 
changes  in,  365 

SAN  DOMINGO:  of  1844,  22,  502 
SPAIN:  setting  aside  of,  8,  488, 
491,  493;  revised,  499;  drafting  of 
(1869),  511;  of  1876,  517 
SWEDEN:  definite  basis  of,  16, 
178;  new  basis  of,  203;  change  in, 
by  elevation  to  the  throne  of  Fred- 
erick I,  225;  cf  1866,  278 
SWITZERLAND:  united  Helvetic, 
13,  512;  Federal,  527,  555;  cantonal, 
537,  538;  Liberal,  547;  Federal  re- 
vision of,  565;  new  Federal,  566, 
567;  revision  of,  579 
TURKEY:  proposed  constitution  of 
the  Young  Turkey  Party,  14,  479 
UNITED  STATES,  NATIONAL: 
framing  of,  23,  324;  sources  of, 
330;  supremacy  of,  332;  ratified, 
334;  success  of,  338;  nth  amend- 
ment ratified,  379;  strict  construc- 
tion of,  favored  by  Jefferson,  398; 
twelfth  amendment,  403;  amend- 
ments proposed  by  the  Hartford 
Convention,  432;  no  power  over 
slavery,  452;  does  not  follow  flag, 
24,  595;  negro  citizenship  under, 
660;  adopted  with  changes  by  Con- 
federacy, 694;  fourteenth  amend- 
ment, 823;  provides  a  safe-guard 
against  the  dangers  of  an  interreg- 
num, 830;  thirteenth  amendment, 
841;  fourteenth  amendment,  844;  fif- 


180 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


teenth  amendment,  845;  Grant  urges 
fifteenth  amendment,  861;  the  fif- 
teenth amendment  in  the  South, 
872;  limits  power  of  Congress  over 
trade  and  commerce,  972 
UNITED  STATES,  STATE  and 
COLONIAL:  Articles  of  Confed- 
eration (1777),  23,  301;  California, 
24,  598;  Confederate  (1862),  24, 
694;  Connecticut,  23,  92;  Kansas, 
24,  662;  Massachusetts,  23,  89,  238; 
Missouri,  23,  455;  New  Haven,  23, 
92;  Northwest  Territory,  23,  319; 
Pennsylvania  (1682),  23,  in;  Vir- 
ginia (1776),  23,  238 
URUGUAY:  of  1830,  21,  137 
VENEZUELA:  establishment  of 
(1831),  21,  94;  changes  in,  96 

Consular  Service,  United  States:  re- 
formed, 24,   1084 

Consulate,  The,  government  in  France 
established  by  Napoleon,  9,  315 

Consuls,  chief  magistrates  in  Repub- 
lican Rome:  power  of,  3,  30;  length 
of  term  of  office  extended,  236 

Contades,  Louis  George  Erasme,  Mar- 
quis of  (1704-1795),  French  mar- 
shal: in  Seven  Years'  War,  9,  245 

Contarini,  Doge  of  Venice  (ca.  1350) : 
at  the  siege  of  Venice,  4,  240 

Conti,  Prince  de  (ca.  1780),  French 
general:  opposes  influence  of 
Necker,  10,  50;  leaves  France 
(1789),  9,  265,  10,  72 

Conti,  Armand  of  Bourbon,  Prince  o£ 
(1629-1666),  French  noble:  arrested, 
9,  202 

Conti,  Francois  Louis  de  Bourbon, 
Prince  of  (1664-1709),  French  gen- 
eral: defeat  of,  18,  307 

Conti,  Nicolo  (ca.  1400),  Italian  trav- 
eler: visits  the  East,  5,  141 

Continental  Blockade,  The:  see  Con- 
tinental System 

Continental  Congress,  First  (1775),  in 
American  history,  a  meeting  of  dep- 
uties from  all  the  Colonies  except 
Georgia:  proposed,  23,  222;  meet- 
ing at  Philadelphia,  11,  515,  20, 
127,  23,  223;  acts  of,  224 

Continental  Congress,  Second  (1175), 
in  American  history,  a  meeting  of 
deputies  from  the  thirteen  colonies: 


meeting  of,  11,  516,  23,  229;  appoints 
George  Washington  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  army,  23,  230;  recom- 
mends the  adoption  of  constitutions 
by  the  colonies,  238;  orders  Fort 
Washington  to  be  held,  244;  recom- 
mends nonimportation  of  slaves,  24, 
552 

Continental  System  of  Napoleon,  a 
policy  inaugurated  (1807)  and  en- 
forced by  Napoleon  I  to  ruin  Eng- 
land by  shutting  her  off  from  con- 
tinental commerce,  11,  560,  13,  268, 
269;  Gustavus  defies  the,  16,  251, 
18,  378 

Conto,  Bernardo  (ca.  1848),  a  Mex- 
ican statesman:  signs  Treaty  of 
Guadalupe-Hidalgo,  22,  277 

Contreras,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1847), 
22,  345,  24,  550 

Contreras,  Pedro  Moya  de  (1520- 
l$9l)j  a  Spanish  prelate:  sent 
as  inquisitor  to  Mexico,  22,  129; 
appointed  visitador,  132;  made  vice- 
roy of  Mexico,  133;  death  of,  134 

Conventicle  Acts,  acts  passed  in  Eng- 
land in  favor  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land:   (1664),    11,   385;    (1670),    394 

Convention,  The  National,  the  third 
national  legislative  assembly  of  the 
deputies  of  the  French  people: 
constitutes  itself,  215;  animosity  of 
the  Gironde  and  the  Mountain,  215; 
denounces  Robespierre,  2l£;  ani- 
mosity towards  Marat,  218;  fresh 
accusation  of  Robespierre,  222; 
question  of  the  king's  trial,  228; 
speech  of  Saint-Just,  230;  speech  of 
Robespierre,  231;  the  king  brought 
to  its  bar,  232;  De  Seze's  defense 
of  the  king,  234;  condemns  the  king 
to  death,  235;  revival  of  animosi- 
ties in,  240;  summons  Dumouriez 
to  its  bar,  251;  arrest  of  its  com- 
missioners by  Dumouriez,  252; 
Isnard's  reply  to  the  deputies  of  the 
insurrections  of  May,  1793,  256; 
question  of  the  abolition  of  the 
commission  of  Twelve,  259;  debate 
on  the  accusation  of  the  Girondists, 
262;  position  of,  through  the  insur- 
rection of  the  departments,  270; 
liberal       measures       proposed       by 


GENERAL    INDEX 


181 


Barrere,  273;  its  successes  against 
the  insurrectionary  towns  and  de- 
partments, 275;  condemns  Marie 
Antoinette  to  death,  278;  condemns 
the  twenty-two  Girondists  to  death, 
279;  declares  the  existence  of  the 
Supreme  Being,  288;  question  of  the 
arrest  of  Danton,  293;  Robespierre 
appointed  president,  301;  Couthon 
presents  the  law  of  the  22nd  Prai- 
rial,  301;  Robespierre's  speech  of 
the  8th  Thermidor,  308;  decrees  the 
arrest  of  the  two  Robespierres, 
Couthon,  Lebas,  and  Saint-Just, 
314;  position  of,  after  the  fall  of 
Robespierre,  320;  question  of  re- 
calling the  proscribed  members, 
330;  arrest  of  Billaud,  Collot, 
Barrere,  and  Vadier,  333;  revives 
the  old  martial  law,  333;  its  recep- 
tion of  the  insurgents  of  Germinal, 
336;  united  under  the  Girondists, 
340;  decrees  the  constitution  of  the 
year  III,  351;  passes  decrees  re- 
quiring the  reelection  of  two-thirds 
of  its  members,  355;  concentrates 
its  powers  in  a  committee  of  five 
members,  356;  moderation  of,  in 
the  insurrection  of  the  13th  Ven- 
demiaire,  360;  establishes  itself  as 
a  national  electoral  assembly,  361; 
it's  close,  362 

Convention  Act  (1793),  an  act  for- 
bidding unlawful  assemblies  in  Ire- 
land, 12,  201 

Conway,  Henry  Seymour  (1721-1795), 
an  English  soldier  and  Whig  poli- 
tician: favors  repeal  of  Stamp  Act, 
23,  214 

Conway,  Thomas  (1 733-1 800),  an 
American  general:  leader  of  the 
Conway  Cabal,  23,  261 

Conway,  Sir  William  Martin  (1856- 
),  an  English  explorer:  explo- 
rations of,  16,  327 

Conway  Cabal,  an  intrigue  of  Thomas 
Conway  and  members  of  the  board 
of  war,  1777-1778,  to  have  Wash- 
ington superseded  by  Gates,  23, 
261 

Conyngham,  Gustavus  (ca.  1783),  an 
American  seaman:  naval  exploits 
of,  23,  290 


Cook,  James  (1728-1779),  an  English 
navigator:  explorations  of,  in  the 
Arctic,  16,  306;  in  the  Antarctic, 
332;  career  of,  20,   123 

Cooke,  Edward  (ca.  1794),  secretary 
to  lord  lieutenant  of  Ireland:  re- 
tired, 12,  203 

Cooke  &  Co.,  Jay,  banking  house  of 
Philadelphia:  failure  of,  24,  896 

Cooper,  Anthony  Ashley,  1st  Earl  of 
Shaftesbury  (1621-1683),  an  English 
politician:  sketch  of,  11,  395;  dis- 
missed from  office,  400;  sent  to  the 
Tower,  404;  death  of,  413 

Cooper,  Anthony  Ashley,  7th  Earl  of 
Shaftesbury  (1801-1885),  an  Eng- 
lish philanthropist:  takes  up  labor 
question,  11,  592 

Cooper,  James  Fennimore  (1789- 
1851),  an  American  novelist:  in 
American  literature,  23,  481 

Cooper,  Peter  (1791-1883),  an  Amer- 
ican inventor,  manufacturer,  and 
philanthropist:  nominated  for  Pres- 
ident  (1876),  24,  909 

Cooper  Union,  an  institution  in  New 
York  for  the  instruction  of  the 
working  classes:  Lincoln's  speech 
at,  24,  681 

Coorg,  British  India:  annexed  to  Eng- 
lish possessions  in  India,  5,  215 

Coote,  Sir  Charles  (d.  1661),  Irish 
soldier  and  judge:  attempts  to  crush 
the  Rebellion  of  1641,  12,  116 

Coote,  Sir  Charles  (17th  century),  son 
of  preceding:  his  campaign  in  Ire- 
land, 125 

Coote,  Sir  Eyre  (1726-1783),  a  British 
soldier:  at  battle  of  Wandiwash,  5, 
180;  his  campaign  against  Haidar 
AH,  193;  his  campaign  against  the 
Sultan  of  Mysore,  9,  257,  II,  502; 
defeats  Lally,  20,  119 

Cope,  Sir  John  (d.  1760),  a  British 
soldier:  his  campaign  against  the 
Young  Pretender,    11,   487,    12,   366 

Copenhagen  (Axelborg),  Denmark: 
foundation  of,  16,  69;  defended  by 
Philippa  (1428),  16,  127;  siege  of 
(1658),  13,  231,  16,  209;  battles  of 
(1700),  16,  215;  (1801),  8,  529,  10, 
446,  II,  552,  16,  255;  (1807),  9,  332, 
II,  561,  15,  216,  16,  256 


182 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Copenhagen,  Treaties  of:  (1660),  a 
treaty  between  Denmark  and  Swe- 
den, 16,  210,  231;  (1767),  a  treaty 
between  Russia  and  Sweden,  267 

Copenhagen,  University  of:  founded 
(1474),  16,  136 

Copernicus  (Koppernigk  or  Koper- 
nik),  Nicolaus,  a  Prussian  astrono- 
mer and  the  founder  of  modern 
astronomy:  born  in  Thorn,  Poland 
(now  Prussia),  February  19,  1473! 
studied  in  the  high  school  of  Erme- 
land  and  at  the  University  of  Cra- 
cow; went  to  Italy.  1495,  studying 
at  Bologna  and  afterward  at  Padua 
where  he  became  Doctor  of  Medi- 
cine, 1499;  appointed  canon  of 
Frauenburg,  Prussia,  1499,  but  re- 
mained in  Italy  until  1503;  held  the 
chair  of  mathematics  at  Rome, 
1501;  expounded  his  theory  in  his 
work  "  De  Orbium  Celestium  Revo- 
lutionibus,"  finished  in  1530  but  not 
published  until  1543  for  fear  of  per- 
secution; died  at  Frauenburg,  Prus- 
sia, May  24,  1543 
Sketch  of,  1 8,  296 

Copiapo,  South  America:  revolt  of 
(1858),  21,  218 

Coppermine  River,  British  America: 
discovered,  16,  307 

Coquimbo,  South  America:  blockade 
of  (1865),  21,  221 

Corban,  Torribio  Gomez  (ca.  1600),  a 
Mexican  explorer  of  California:  ex- 
plorations of,  22,  143 

Corbeil,  Treaty  of  (1258),  a  treaty 
between  Louis  IX  of  France  and 
the  King  of  Aragon,  9,  83 

Corberon,  de,  French  ambassador  to 
Russia  (ca.  1777):  his  estimate  of 
Catherine,  15,  175 

Corbiere,  Jacques,  Count  of  (1767- 
1853),  a  French  politician:  admitted 
to  the  council,  9,  375;  made  min- 
ister of  the  interior,  378 

Corcyra,  ancient  name  for  Corfu: 
founded,  2,  83;  rivalry  with  Cor- 
inth, 86;  origin,  92;  at  war  with 
Corinth,  265;  asks  aid  of  Athens, 
266;  sedition  at,  299,  308;  Spartan 
attack    on,    431;     Pompeians     hold 


council  of  war  at,  3,  350;  see  also 
Corfu 

Corday  d'  Armans,  Marie  Anne  Char- 
lotte, known  as  Charlotte  Corday,  a 
French  heroine:  born  of  a  noble 
family  at  St.  Saturnin,  Normandy, 
France,  July  27,  1768;  was  educated 
in  a  convent  at  Caen;  was  influ- 
enced by  the  works  of  Voltaire  and 
the  Abbe  Raynal  to  sympathize  with 
the  revolutionists;  convinced  that 
the  liberties  of  her  country  could 
only  be  assured  by  the  death  of  the 
infamous  terrorist,  Marat,  she  went 
to  Paris  and  stabbed  him  to  death 
in  his  bath,  July  13,  1793;  was  tried 
by  the  Revolutionary  tribunal  four 
days  later  and  guillotined  at  Paris 
the  same  day,  July  17,  1793 

Slays  Marat,  9,  285,  10,  268;  her 
replies  before  the  tribunal,  10,  268 
note;  death  of,  268 

Cordeliers  Club,  French  Revolution- 
ary society:  sketch  of,  10,  128,  283 

Cordero,  Luis  (ca.  1900),  South  Amer- 
ican revolutionist:  his  administra- 
tion as  ruler  of  Ecuador,  21,  244 

Cordoba,  Jose  (1 797-1829),  South 
American  general:  death  of,  21,  83 

Cordova,  Spain:  founded,  22,  152; 
sieges  of  (710  A.  D.),  1,  314,  8,  50; 
(736  A.  D.),  8,  65;  (755  A  D.),  68; 
(1060),  86;   (1145).  975   (1089),  225 

Cordova,  Diego  Fernandez  de,  Mar- 
ques de  Guadalcazar  (ca.  1600), 
Spanish  noble:  made  viceroy  of 
New  Spain,  22,  152 

Cordova,  Gonsalvo  Hernandez  de:  see 
Gonsalvo  de  Cordova 

Cordova,  Hernandez  de  (d.  1517), 
Spanish  soldier  and  explorer:  dis- 
covers Mexico,  22,  4 

Cordova,  Joaquin  (ca.  1850),  Colom- 
bian revolutionist:  attempts  a  con- 
servative uprising,  21,  89 

Cordova,  Jorge  (1822-1861),  Bolivian 
revolutionist:  made  president  of 
Bolivia,  21,  188 

Cordova,  Don  Louis  (ca.  1750),  Span- 
ish admiral:  in  war  with  England, 
9,  255;  commands  treasure  fleet,  22, 
208 


GENERAL    INDEX 


183 


Corfinium,  central  Italy:  surrenders 
to  Caesar,  3,  337 

Corfu,  Greece:  taken  by  Venetians,  2, 
536;  in  modern  Greece,  548;  mili- 
tary school  at,  549;  see  also  Cor- 
cyra 

Corinth,  Greece,  called  the  Light  of 
Greece:  situation  of,  2,  16;  allies 
with  Sparta,  74;  revolt  from  oli- 
garchy in,  76;  joins  Laconian 
League,  76;  colonies  of,  86;  coloni- 
zation of,  88;  typical  political  his- 
tory of,  92;  aids  Athens,  173;  con- 
gress at,  178;  at  war  with  Athens, 
242;  at  war  with  Corcyra,  265;  ad- 
vocates Peloponnesian  War,  269;  at 
war  with  Corcyra,  269;  battle  near, 
308;  aids  Sparta,  323;  sends  help 
to  Syracuse,  339;  advocates  destruc- 
tion of  Athens,  377;  makes  war  on 
Sparta,  398;  campaigns  around,  402, 
403;  sends  Timoleon  to  Sicily,  417; 
faithful  to  Sparta,  440;  makes  peace 
with  Thebes,  446;  tyranny  at,  453; 
allied  to  Athens,  473;  submits  to 
Philip,  478;  congress  at,  479;  joins 
Achaean  League,  516;  siege  of,  2, 
520,  3,  166;  made  Grecian  capital,  2, 
522;  burned,  537;  canal  of,  550;  siege 
of  (1715),  14,  286 

Corinth,  Mississippi:  Federals  cap- 
ture, 24,  750;  Halleck's  victory  at 
(May,  1862),  762;  battle  of  (Oct. 
3-4,  1862),  774 

Coriolanus,  Gaius  Marcius,  hero  of  an 
early  Roman  legend,  3,  43 

Cork,  Ireland:  siege  of  (1690),  12, 
149 

Corn  Cracker  State,  The:  see  Ken- 
tucky 

Corn  Law  (1815),  passed  by  English 
Parliament  imposing  heavy  duties 
on  imported  corn,  11,  600 

Cornbury,  Viscount:  see  Hyde,  Ed 
ward 

Cornificius,  Quintus  (d.  40  B.  C.) 
Roman  soldier:  his  campaign  in 
Illyria,  3,  354 

Corning,  Erastus  (ca.  1850),  Amer- 
ican politician:  opposes  Lincoln's 
action  in  Vallandigham  case,  24, 
816 

Cornish,  Sir  Samuel  (ca.   1750),  Eng- 


lish admiral:  captures  Manila  (1762), 
5,  181,  20,  120 

Cornwall,  Richard  of:  see  Plantagenet, 
Richard,  Earl  of  Cornwall 

Cornwallis,  Charles,  Lord  (1738-1805), 
English  soldier  and  statesman:  in 
the  American  War,  9,  255,  11,  521, 
20,  128;  attempts  to  capture  Wash- 
ington at  Trenton,  23,  248;  quoted 
on  Washington's  victory,  250;  at 
battle  of  Brandywine,  259;  captures 
Philadelphia,  259;  at  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth, 263;  at  capture  of  Charles- 
ton, 273;  at  battle  of  Guilford  Court 
House,  281;  retreats  to  Yorktown, 
283;  surrenders,  285;  centennial  of 
his  surrender  celebrated,  940;  gov- 
ernor-general of  India,  5,  195;  his 
second  governor-generalship,  5,  204, 
**>  53°;  appointed  lord  lieutenant 
of  Ireland,  12,  213 

Coronado,  Vasquez  de  (1 500-1542), 
Spanish  soldier:  explorations  of, 
22,  112,  23,  41,  42 

Coroneia,  Greece:  battles  of,  2,  248, 
400,  3,   149 

Corporal,  The  Little:  see  Napoleon 
(I)  Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the 
French 

Corporal  d'  Epre:  see  Napoleon  (I) 
Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the  French 

Corporal  Violet:  see  Napoleon  (I) 
Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the  French 

Corporation  Act  (1661),  passed  by 
English  Parliament  requiring  all  of- 
ficials to  be  members  of  the  Church 
of  England,  11,  382 

Corporation  Colonies,  in  American 
history,  those  in  the  nature  of  cor- 
porations with  charters,  23,   114 

Corregan,     Charles     H.     (i860 ), 

American  politician:  Socialist  La- 
bor nominee  for  Presidency,  24, 
1067 

Correspondence,  Committees  of:  see 
Committees  of  Correspondence 

Correus,  King  of  the  Belloraci,  1st 
century  B.  C:  resists  Caesar,  3,  308 

Corrupter,  The  Grand:  see  Walpole, 
Robert 

Corsica,  in  the  Mediterranean:  Phoe- 
nicians colonize,  1,  121;  added  to 
the  Roman  empire,  3,  107;  annexed 


184 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


to  France,  9,  236;  under  Spanish 
rule,  20,  299 

Corsican  Ogre,  The:  see  Napoleon  (I) 
Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the  French 

Corsican  Sesostris,  The:  see  Napoleon 
(I)  Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the 
French 

Corte  Nuova,  Italy:  battle  of  (1237), 
4,  204,  18,  164 

Cortelyou,  George  Bruce   (1862 ), 

American  politician:  made  head  of 
Department  of  Commerce  and  La- 
bor, 24,  1052;  Parker's  attack  on, 
1071 

Cortenbergh,  Treaty  of  (13 12),  con- 
cluded between  the  Duke  of  Bra- 
bant and  his  people,  13,  32 

Cortenuovo:  see  Corte  Nuovo 

Cortereal,  Gaspar  (1450-1501),  Portu- 
guese navigator:  explorations  of, 
21,  16 

Cortes  (Cortez),  Hernando,  a  Spanish 
soldier  and  the  conqueror  of  Mex- 
ico: born  at  Medellin,  Spain,  1485; 
studied  at  the  University  of  Sala- 
manca; went  to  Espafiola,  1504,  and 
to  Cuba,  1511,  where  for  his  serv- 
ices in  its  conquest,  he  was  re- 
warded with  an  estate;  commanded 
the  expedition  for  the  conquest  of 
Mexico,  1519;  appointed  governor 
of  New  Spain,  1522;  went  to  Spain, 
1528,  in  order  to  refute  certain  ac- 
cusations against  him;  returned  to 
Mexico,  1530,  but  obtained  only  the 
command  of  the  army,  the  civil 
authority  having  been  placed  in  the 
hands  of  a  viceroy;  disappointed, 
he  returned  to  Spain,  1540;  accom- 
panied Charles  V  in  his  Algerine 
expedition,  1541;  died  in  obscurity 
at  Seville,  Spain,  December  2,  1547 
Career  of,  22,  5;  aids  in  conquest 
of  Cuba,  21,  17;  conquers  Mexico, 
20,  43,  21,  17;  among  the  Aztecs,  22, 
12,  23,  38;  marches  on  Tenochtit- 
lan,  19;  successes  of,  39;  his  con- 
quest of  the  valley,  44;  his  expedi- 
tion to  Honduras,  431;  Charles  V  re- 
wards, 23,  40;  searches  for  the 
Seven  Cities  of  Cibola,  41;  last 
years  of,  22,  66;  death  of,  74 

Cortez,    Martin    (1 532-1 589),    Spanish 


noble:  sketch  of,  22,  69;  alleged 
conspiracy  of,  122;  tortured,  126; 
his  property  confiscated,  127 

Corumba,  Paraguay:  taken  by  the 
Paraguayans   (1864),  21,   157 

Corunna,  Spain:  sacked  by  the  Eng- 
lish (1592),  ix,  298;  battle  of  (1809), 
8,  486,  529,  9,  334,  11,  563 

Corvetto,  Luigi  Emmanuele  di  (1756- 
1822),  French  financier:  made  min- 
ister of  finance,  9,  367 

Corvina  Library,  Buda,  Austria-Hun- 
gary: founded,   17,   165 

Corvinus,  Matthias:  see  Mathias  Cor- 
vinus 

Corwin,  Thomas  (1794-1865),  Amer- 
ican statesman  and  orator:  makes 
campaign   speeches    (1840),   24,    524 

Cos,  Dr.  (ca.  1800),  Mexican  writer: 
in  Hidalgo's  rebellion,  22,  241 

Cos,  Island  of,  Aegean  Sea:  colo- 
nized, 2,  56 

Cosa,  Juan  de  la:  see  La  Cosa,  Juan 
de 

Cosby,  Governor,  (18th  century), 
American  colonial  officer:  in  case 
in  favor  of  the  freedom  of  the  press, 
23,  107 

Cosmo  de'  Medici  (1519-1574),  Duke 
of  Florence,  called  The  Father  of 
his  Country:  rule  of,  4,  307 

Cosmo  III  (1642-1723),  Grand  Duke 
of  Tuscany:  receives  Sheremetiev, 
15,  36 

Cossacks,  a  military  people  inhabiting 
the  steppes  of  Russia:  marauding 
expeditions  of,  14,  215;  rival  claim 
for  dominion  over,  244;  description 
of,  15,  24;  in  the  Great  Northern 
War,  47;  concessions  to  the,  95; 
in  Pugatchev's  insurrection,  166; 
destruction  of  the,  171 

Cossus,  Aulus  Cornelius  (ca.  380  B. 
C),  Roman  general:  kills  Lars  To- 
lumnius,  3,  58;  victory  in  the  Pomp- 
tine  territory,  63 

Costa,  Edward  da  (ca.  1540),  Brazilian 
governor:  aids  Jesuits  in  Brazil, 
20,  92 

Costa  Favella,  Pedro  da  (ca.  1650), 
Brazilian  colonist:  cruelty  of,  21, 
38 

Costa  Rica,  Central  America:  discov- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


185 


ered,  31,  13;  named,  22,  437;  his- 
tory of,  441 

Cotta,  Gaius  (125-70  B.  C),  Roman 
orator:  gains  the  abolition  of  de- 
cree against  tribunes  of  the  plebs, 
3,  266 

Cotton,  Father  (ca.  1600),  English 
prelate:  secures  recall  of  Jesuits 
to  France,  9,  175 

Cotton,  Sir  Henry  (1845 ),  Eng- 
lish official:  attempts  to  present  re- 
port of  Indian  National  Congress, 
5,  293 

Cotton,  John  (1585-1652),  Puritan 
clergyman:  in  Salem  Colony,  23, 
90;  opposed  to  Hooker,  91;  aids  the 
founding  of  Boston  Latin  School, 
140;  early  colonial  author,  142; 
quoted   on   religious  toleration,    147 

Cotton,  Sir  Stapleton:  see  Comber- 
mere,  Viscount 

Cotton  Centennial:  held  at  New  Or- 
leans, 24,  940 

Cotton  Industry:  in  Southern  colo- 
nies, 23,  136;  growth  of,  during  war 
of  1812,  136;  effect  of  tariff  on, 
438;  invention  of  the  cotton  gin, 
45°.  S65;  dependency  of  the  Confed- 
eracy on  cotton  exports,  24,  726; 
appropriation  for  extermination  of 
cotton  Boll  Weevil,  1053 

Cotys,  ruler  of  Eastern  Thrace,  382- 
358  B.  C:  forms  alliance  with  Per- 
seus of  Macedonia,  3,  148 

Council  of  a  Hundred,  in  Carthage 
(241  B.  C.) :  desires  peace  with 
Rome,  3,  in 

Council  of  Ancients,  The,  French 
Revolutionary  legislative  body: 
members  of,  10,  352;  form  of  de- 
cision and  rejection,  352;  dispersed 
by   Napoleon's    orders,   416 

Council  of  Blood:  see  Troubles,  Coun- 
cil of 

Council  of  Ten  in  Venice,  a  secret 
tribunal,   1310-1797,  4,  248 

Council  of  the  Five  Hundred:  see 
Cinq-Cents,  Council  of 

Council  of  the  Indies:  see  Indies, 
Council  of  the 

Council  of  Troubles:  see  Troubles, 
Council  of 


Councils: 
B.  C. 
ca.      478.     The      "First      Buddhist 

Council,"  5,  59 
ca.     4th      century.     The      "  Second 

Buddhist   Council,  5,  60 
244.     Asoka's   Council,  5,  60 
ca.   15.     Council  of  Kanishka,  5,  61 
A.  D. 

311.     Early  Christian,  1,  35 
319.     Rome  and  Aries,  4,  119 
325.     Nicaea,  4,  121 
359.     Ariminium,  4,  126 

380.  Sirmium,  17,  15 

381.  Aquileia,  17,  15 
511.     Orleans,  9,  21 
614.     Paris,  9,  32 

634.     Siladitya's  Council,  5,  63 

673.     First  English  Church  Council, 

«,  39 

725.  Council  of  Gregory  III,  4,  170 

787.  Nicaea,  9,  43 

794.  Frankfurt,  9,  43 

839.  Worms,  9,  49 

888.  Tribur,  9,  53 

ca.  943.     Ingelheim,  9,  57 

1004,  1018.     Zurich,  13,  344 

1060.  Jaca,  8,  231 

1086.     Great  Council,  11,  80 

1092.  Scottish  Clergy,  12,  259 

1092.  Szabolcz,  17,  51 

1094.  Autun,  9,  71 

1095.  Clermont,  9,  70 
1132.  Arad,  17,  53 

1 162.  Woodstock,  11,  101 

1164.  Clarendon,  11,   101 

1 166.  Clarendon,  11,   103 

1 1 72.  Venice,  4,  246 

1245.  Lyons,  4,  205,  8,  280 

1245.  Verona,  17,  94 

1291.  Norham,  12,  272 

13 10.     Council  of  Ten,  4,  248 

1397.  Temesvar,  17,  155 

1405.     Buda,  17,  155 

1409.     Pisa,  17,  122,  18,  201 

1413.  Hrodlo,  15,  377 

1414.  Constance,    13,   396,   17,    125, 
18,  203 

1431.     Basle,  4,  277,  17,  136,  18,  210 

1431.  Nuremberg,  17,  135 

1432.  Prague,  17,  136 

1433.  Prague,  17,  137 


186 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


1435.  Holmstadt,  16,  128 

1435.  Presburg,  17,  156 

1449.  Basle,  4,  277 

1453.  Buda,  17,  160 

1495.  Worms,  18,  226 

1502.  Wiener-Neustadt,   17,   174 

1511.  Pisa,  9,  134 

1512.  St.  John  Lateran,  9,  135 
1512.  Cologne,  18,  228 

1 5 19.  Frankfort,  4,  301 

1521.  Worms,  4,  300,  9,  138,  18,  240 

1524.  Lucerne,  13,  438 

1524.  Organization    of    Council    of 
the  Indies,  22,  98 

1525.  Basle,  13,  437 
1527.  Vesteraas,   16,    155 

1530.  Augsburg,  4,  299,  18,  248 

IS36.  Great  Thing,  16,  194 

1537-  Council    of    the    North,    11, 

258 

1542.  Trent,  9,  155 

1545.  Trent,    4,    285,    17,    178,    18, 

251,  260 

1555-  Augsburg,  9,   147 

1567.  Council   of   Blood,     13,     107 

116 

1569.  Dublin,  15,  377 

1572.  Tuileries,   9,    157 

1585.  American  Bishops,  22,  133 

1600.  Linkoping,  16,  172 

161 1.  Nokoping,    16,    176 

1618.  Dort,  13,  199 

1630.  Ratisbon,  9,   190,  18,  277 

1640.  At  York,   11,  337 

1640.  Ratisbon,  18,  291 

1798.  Aarau,  13,  509 

1815.  "Song  Diet,"  at  Zurich,   13 

527 
1825-1829.     Presburg,  17,  337 
1847.     Berne,  13,  551 
1859.     Zurich,  4,  375 
1869.     Ecumenical   Council,   4,   393 

Councils,  Buddhist:  the  first,  5,  59; 
the  second,  60;  the  third,  60;  the 
fourth,  61 

"  Countess  of  Scarborough,"  British 
vessel:  fight  with  the  "Pallas,"  23, 
290 

Country,  The  Father  of  his:  see  Au- 
gustus, Roman  Emperor;  also  Cic- 
ero, Marcus  Tullius;  also  Medici, 
Cosmo  de';  also  Doria,  Andrea;  also 
Caesar,   Julius;  also   Louis   XVIII, 


King  of  France;  and  also  Washing- 
ton, George 

Country,  The  Josiah  of  his:  see  Ed- 
ward VI,  King  of  England 

Country,  The  Mother  of  her:  see  Ma- 
ria Theresa,  Holy  Roman  Empress 

Count's  Feud,  The,  in  Denmark 
(IS33-IS36),  16,  194 

County,  Southern,  unit  of  represen- 
tation in  the  Legislature:  unit  of 
representation,  23,  124;  officers  of, 
124 

Coup  d'  Etat  of  1852  by  Napoleon  III 
of  France:  account  of,  9,  442 

Coup  d'  Etat  of  1898  by  the  Empress 
of  China:  account  of,  6,  289;  promi- 
nence of  Yuan  Shih  Kai  in,  298 

Couper,     George     Ebenezer     Wilson 

(1824 ),    English    statesman,    5, 

263 

Courbet,  Admiral  (ca.  1850),  French 
naval  commander:  bombards  Hue, 
20,  273 

Courcelles,  Lorraine:  battle  of  (1870), 
9,  464,  18,  421 

Courcy,  Sire  de  (ca.  1400),  French 
general:  at  battle  of  Nicopolis,  14, 

4i 

Courcy,  Sir  John  de  (ca.  11 50),  Eng- 
lish noble:  receives  the  province  of 
Ulster,  12,  51;  appointed  assistant 
to  De  Burgo,  53;  made  viceroy  of 
Ireland,  54 

Courland,  Prussia:  made  a  duchy,  15, 
17;  occupied  by  the  Russians,  46; 
becomes  a  dependency  of  Russia, 
58;  ceded  to  Russia,  99;  Biron  in- 
vested with,   109;   united  to  Russia, 

I9i 

Court,  Admiral  (ca.  1750),  French 
commander  at  battle  of  Toulon,  9, 
238 

Court,  Colonel  (ca.  1850),  European 
general  in  native  Indian  army: 
trains  the  Sikh  army,  5,  221 

Courtais,  Amable  Gaspard  Henry  de 
(1786-1877),  French  general:  ap- 
pointed commander  of  the  national 
guard  of  Paris,  9,  435 

Courten,  Sir  William  (1572-1636), 
English  merchant:  founds  Cour- 
ten's  Associations,  5,  158 

Courtenay    (1342-1396),   English   prel- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


187 


ate:  presides  over  ecclesiastical 
court  at  St.  Paul's  n,  172 

Courten's  Association,  an  English 
trading  company:  formed,  5,  158; 
makes  settlements,  J63;  founds  As- 
sada,  164 

Courtrai,  Sohier  (ca.  1350),  Belgian 
noble:  fate  of,  13,  33 

Courtras,  France:  battle  of  (1587),  9, 
162 

Courtray,  Belgium:  battle  of  (1302), 
called  the  Battle  of  the  Spurs,  9, 
87,  13,  31;  battle  of  (1795),  10,  345 

Courtray:  see  Courtrai 

Couthon,  Georges  (1 756-1794),  French 
revolutionist:  made  member  of  the 
committee  of  safety,  9,  285;  forms 
triumvirate  with  Robespierre  and 
Saint-Just,  289;  his  character,  10, 
299;  presents  the  law  of  the  22nd 
Prairial,  301;  arrested,  314;  released, 
315;  arrest  and  death  of,  9,  291,  10, 
3i8 

Coutinho,  Vasco  (ca.  1480),  Portu- 
guese conspirator:  warns  Joam  II 
of  Portugal  against  conspirators,  8, 
321 

Couza,  Alexander  (ca.  1805),  Ruma- 
nian noble:  account  of,  14,  464 

Covarrubias,  Alvaro  (ca.  1850),  Chil- 
ian minister:  refuses  Spanish  de- 
mands, 21,  220 

Covelong:  see   Coblom 

Covenant,  First,  Scottish  reform 
council  to  support  the  English 
Church  (1557),  12,  312 

Covilham,  Don  Pedro  (1450-1530), 
Portuguese  explorer:  explorations 
of,  5,   144,  8,  322,  19,   18,  20,  38 

Cowley,  Henry  Wellesley,  Lord 
(1773-1847),  English  diplomat:  lieu- 
tenant governor  of  the  Oudh  ces- 
sions, 5,  202 

Cowley,  Henry  Richard  Wellesley, 
Lord  (1804-1884),  British  diplomat: 
aids   Cavour,   17,  385 

Cowpens,  South  Carolina:  battle  of 
(1781),  23,  281 

Cowper,  William,  Earl  (1664-1723), 
English  judge  and  orator:  becomes 
Lord  Chancellor,   11,  458 

Cox,      Jacob      Dolson      (1827-1900), 


American  general  and  politician:  in 
Grant's  cabinet,  24,  861 

Coxe,  William  (1747-1828),  an  Eng- 
lish clergyman  and  historian:  his 
history  of  Russia,  15,  163 

Coxey,  Jacob  S.  (ca.  1880),  American 
labor  demagogue:  leads  army  of  un- 
employed to  Washington,  24,  100 

Cracow,  Austria-Hungary:  occupied 
by  the  Swedes,  15,  41;  forms  an  in- 
dependent republic,  262;  taken  by 
the  Bohemians,  17,  64;  united  to 
Bohemia,  80;  annexed  to  Austria, 
15,  300,  17,  346,  348 

Cracow,  University  of:  founded,  15, 
377,  17,  ii5 

Craddock,  General  (ca.  1795),  an  Eng- 
lish soldier:  sent  to  Ulster,  12,  206 

Cradock,  Sir  John,  Lord  Howden  (ca. 
1800),  a  British  official  in  India: 
causes  mutiny  at   Vellore,   5,   204 

Craig,  Sir  James,  a  British  official: 
appointed  governor  of  Canada, 
1807,  20,  153 

Cramer,  Anna  (ca.  1730),  favorite  of 
Catharine  II  of  Russia,  15,  98 

Crampel,  Paul  (ca.  1890),  an  African 
explorer:  his  African  expedition,  19, 
161 

Cranborne,  Viscount:  see  Salisbury, 
Robert  Arthur  Talbort  Gascoyne 
Cecil,  Marquis  of 

Crandall,  Prudence  (ca.  1849),  an 
American    abolitionist:    imprisoned, 

24,  575 

Cranfield,  Lionel,  Earl  of  Middlesex 
(ca.  1621),  an  English  financier:  re- 
stores financial  order,  11,  315;  im- 
peached, 318 

Cranmer,  Thomas  (1489-1556),  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  1533-1553: 
career  of,  11,  251;  introduces  Eng- 
lish into  the  church  service,  262; 
death  of,  271 

Crannon,  Greece:  Antipater's  victory 
at,  2,  512 

Craon,  John  de  (14th  century),  Arch- 
bishop of  Rheims:  leader  of  cler- 
ical party,  9,  96 

Craon,  Peter  de  (14th  century),  a 
French  nobleman:  attempts  to  as- 
sassinate Clisson,  9,  108 


188 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Craonne,  France:  battle  of  (1814),  10, 
492,  15,  262 

Crassus,  Lucius  Licinius  (140-91  B. 
C.)»  a  Roman  orator:  leader  of  the 
populace,  3,  199;  aids  Drusus  in  his 
reforms,  203;  death,  204 

Crassus,  Publius  Licinius  (d.  ca.  87 
B.  C.)>  a  Roman  soldier  and  states- 
man: in  the  third  Macedonian  War, 

3,  149 

Crassus  Dives,  Marcus  Licinius  (105- 
53  B.  C.)»  a  Roman  general  and 
statesman:  obliged  to  submit  to 
Cinna,  3,  225;  joins  Sulla,  225; 
sketch  of,  254;  his  campaign  against 
the  gladiators,  262;  joins  the  demo- 
crats, 267;  responsible  for  safety  of 
Catilinarian  prisoners,  283;  con- 
cerned in  conspiracy  of  Catilina, 
285;  joins  second  coalition,  288; 
conference  with  Caesar  and  Pom- 
peius  (56  B.  C.)i  315;  military  ambi- 
tions of,  322;  his  campaigns  in  the 
East,  323;  death,  325;  value  of  his 
estates,  382 

Crassus  Dives,  Publius  Licinius 
(first  century  B.  C),  a  Roman  sol- 
dier: with  Caesar  in  Gaul,  3,  302; 
at  battle  of  Carrhae,  324;  his  cam- 
paigns  in   Gaul,  9,  8 

Craven,  Charles  (d.  1754),  an  English 
colonist:  governor  of  South  Caro- 
lina, 23,  77 

Crawford,  Samuel  W.   (1829 ),  an 

American  general:  quoted  on  bom- 
bardment of  Fort  Sumter,  24,  711 

Crawford,  William  Harris  (1772- 
1834),  an  American  statesman:  can- 
didate for  presidency,  23,  460;  de- 
feated, 464 

Crawford  of  Jordanhill  (ca.  1570),  a 
British  soldier:  captures  Dunbarton 
Castle,  12,  322 

Crayer,  Gaspar  de  (1584-1669),  a 
Flemish  painter:  sketch  of,  13,  220 

Crazy  Horse  (ca.  1877),  Chief  of 
Sioux  Indians:  leader  of  Indian  war, 
34,  90S 

Crazy  Jane:  see  Juana,  Queen  of 
Spain 

Cregy  (Cressy),  France:  battle  of 
(1346),  9,  94,  xi,  161,  17,  115 

Credit   Mobilier,   a    banking   corpora- 


tion chartered  in  Pennsylvania 
(1863):  scandal  concerning,  24,  895; 
Garfield   blamed   for    complicity   in, 

931 

Creek  Indians,  a  tribe  in  southern 
United  States:  location,  23,  8;  Te- 
cumseh  seeks  alliance,  416;  Jack- 
son's expedition  against,  427;  de- 
feated at  Horse  Shoe  Bend,  461; 
treaty  with,  470;  removed  to  Indian 
Territory,  488 

Crema,  Italy:  siege  of  (1160),  4,  193, 
18,  150 

Cremieux,  Isaac  (1 796-1 880),  a  French 
jurist  and  politician:  member  of  the 
provisional  government,  9,  435 

Cremona,  Italy:  battle  of,  3,  133; 
member  of  Lombard  League,  4, 
194;  internal  strife,  211;  captured 
by  Eugene  of  Savoy,  9,  220 

Creole  State,  The:  see  Louisiana 

Crequi,  Frangois  de  Bonne,  Marshal 
de  (1624-1687),  a  French  general: 
his  campaigns  in  Italy,  9,  191;  de- 
feated at  Consarbriick,  212 

Crescent,  Device  of  the:  emblem  of 
Ottoman  power,  14,  11 

Crescentius  (Cencius)  (d.  998  A.  D.), 
a  leader  of  the  popular  faction  at 
Rome:  struggles  of,  4,  183,  18,  119 

Cresphontes,  a  legendary  Dorian  hero, 
2,  48,  60 

Crespo,  Joaquin  (1845-1898),  a  Vene- 
zuelan politician:  president  of  Vene- 
zuela, 2i,  246 

Crespy  (near  Laon),  Treaty  of,  a 
treaty  between  Francis  I  of  France 
and  Emperor  Charles  V  (1544),  9, 
144,  18,  251 

Cressennbrunn,  Austria-Hungary:  bat- 
tle of  (1256),  17,  73 

Cressingham,  Hugh  de  (13th  century), 
British  statesman:  appointed  guard- 
ian of  Scotland,  11,  148 

Cressy:  see  Cregy 

Creswell,  John  A.  J.  (1828-1891),  an 
American  lawyer  and  statesmen:  in 
Grant's  Cabinet,  24,  861 

Crete  (Candia),  island  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean southeast  of  Greece:  set- 
tled by  Saracens,  1,  353;  island  of, 
2,  19;  early  civilization  of,  22;  Phoe- 
nician    settlements     in,     27;     early 


GENERAL    INDEX 


189 


script  in,  27:  Dorian  migration  to, 
56;  taken  by  Venetians,  536;  taken 
by  the  Turks,  538;  decreed  autono- 
mous, 548;  account  of,  14,  466;  re- 
volts from  Turkey,  502 
Crete,  a  political  party  in  France, 
remnant  of  the  "Mountain";  ar- 
rest of  seventeen  members   of,   10, 

334 
Crete,  Province  of,  a  division  of  the 

Roman  Empire:  founded,  3,  275 
Crevant-sur-Yonne,  France:  battle  of 

(1423),  9,  114 
Crevelt,   France:   battle   of    (1758),   9, 

245 

Crewe,  Chief  Justice  (ca.  1627),  of 
England:  dismissed  from  office,  II, 
322 

Crichton,  Sir  William  (d.  1454),  a 
Scottish  nobleman:  claims  guar- 
dianship of  James  II  of  Scotland, 
12,  293 

Crillon-Mahon,  Louis,  Duke  of  (1718- 
1796),  a  French  general:  his  cam- 
paigns  against   England,  9,  256 

"  Crime  of  '73 "  (in  American  his- 
tory), an  act  for  the  demonetiza- 
tion of  silver,  24,  899 

Crimea,  a  peninsula  of  southern  Rus- 
sia: invaded  by  Munich  (1736),  14, 
302;    annexed    to    Russia,    14,    345, 

'  15,  183 

Crimean  Tatars:  see  Tatars 

Crimean  War,  a  war  waged  between 
Russia  and  the  combined  forces  of 
Turkey,  France,  Great  Britain 
(1853-1856):  causes,  9,  446,  ix,  615; 

14,  445,  15,  304,  305;  battles  of 
Alma  (1854),  9,  447,  II,  615,  14,  455, 

15,  312;  Inkerman  (1854),  9,  447> 
11,  616,  14,  457,  15,  316;  Balaklava 
(1854),  9,  447,  11,  616,  14,  457,  15, 
314;  Malakov  (1855),  14,  459,  15, 
322;  Fall  of  Sebastopol  (1855),  11, 
617,  14,  459,  15,  322;  Treaty  of 
Paris  (1856),  9,  448,  11,  617,  14, 
460,  15,  322;  results,  9,  448,  11,  618, 
14,  460,  461,  15,  322,  17,  384 

Crimes  Act,  an  act  putting  down  ille- 
gal combinations  among  the  tenants 
of  Ireland  (1887),  11,  636 

Crimesus,  Greece:  battle  of  the,  2, 
417 


Criminal  Law  of  Rome:  reformed  by 
Sulla,  237;   reformed  by   Caesar,  3, 

372 

Criminals:  treaty  between  Great  Brit- 
ain and  the  United  States  for  ex- 
tradition of,  24,  531 

Criminil,  Count  Heinrick  Reventlow 
(ca.  1840),  Danish  statesman:  made 
foreign  secretary  of  Slesvig-Hol- 
stein,  16,  268 

Criminil,  Count  Joseph  Reventlow 
(ca.  1840),  Danish  statesman:  made 
chancellor  of  Slesvig-Holstein,  16, 
268 

"Crisis,"   a   phamplet:    published,    23, 

143 

Crisp,  Charles  Frederick  (1845-1896), 
an  American  jurist:  speaker  of  the 
House,  24,  995 

Crispi,  Francesco  (1819-1901),  an  Ital- 
ian statesman:  rises  to  power,  4, 
398;  opposes  colonial  expansion,  404 

Crispus,  Flavius  Julius  (d.  326  A.  D.), 
son  of  Constantine:  beseiges  Byzan- 
tium, 4,    120 

Critias  (d.  404  B.  C),  Athenian  orator 
and  politician:  leader  of  the  Thirty 
Tyrants,  2,  383;  his  misrule,  385; 
slain,  387 

Critolaus  (2nd  century  B.  C.),  an 
Achaean  demagogue:  strategus  of 
Achaean  League,  3,  166 

Crittenden,  Colonel  (d.  1851),  an 
American  officer:  his  expedition  to 
Cuba,  22,  452;  death,  24,  625 

Crittenden,  John  Jordan  (1787-1863), 
an  American  politician:  quoted  on 
Clay's  farewell  address,  24,  601; 
proposed  a  slavery  compromise 
(i860),   700 

Crixus  (ca.  70  B.  C),  Celtic  slave: 
leader  of  Gladiatorial  war,  3,  261; 
defeated  at  battle  of  Mount  Gar- 
ganus,  262 

Croatia,  kingdom  in  Austria-Hungary: 
Ferdinand  I  respects  rights  and 
privileges  of,  17,  4;  Scordisci  settle 
in,  11;  annexed  to  Hungary,  52; 
part  of,  separated  from  Hungary, 
336;  revolutionary  feeling  in,  343; 
conditions  in  (1848),  355;  incorpor- 
ated in  Hungary,  398;  rebels  against 
the     dual    system    of    government, 


190 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


405;  separation  from  Hungary  ag- 
itated, 429;  present  political  status 
in,  454;  inhabitants  of,  21,  37 

Crockett,  David  (1786-1836),  Ameri- 
can pioneer,  hunter  and  politician: 
death,  24,  534 

Croesus,  King  of  Lydia,  560-546  B.  C, 
celebrated  for  his  great  wealth: 
born  about  590  B.  C;  after  his  ac- 
cession, conquered  the  Cohans, 
Ionians,  and  other  Asia  Minor  peo- 
ples; was  visited  by  Solon,  who  is 
said  to  have  remarked  when  pressed 
by  Croesus  to  acknowledge  him  as 
the  happiest  of  mortals,  "  Account 
no  man  happy  before  his  death;" 
was  defeated  near  Sardes  by  Cyrus, 
King  of  Persia,  546;  was  condemned 
to  be  burned  to  death  but  as  he 
stood  upon  the  funeral  pyre,  he 
called  "Solon!  Solon!  Solon!";  up- 
on his  telling  to  Cyrus  the  story  of 
Solon's  visit  and  remark,  he  was  re- 
leased and  lived  for  many  years  at 
the  court  of  Cyrus,  as  his  trusted 
friend;  date  of  his  death  is  unknown 
Legendary  visit  from  Solon,  2, 
108;  reign  of,  1,  146,  2,  117;  war 
with  Persia,  2,  123;  conquered  by 
Cyrus,  1,  161,  2,  124 

Croft,  Sir  James  (1530-1591),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  attempts  to  crush 
rebellion  of  Shane  O'Neill,  12,  87 

Croft,  James  Alexander  (19th  cen- 
tury), British  explorer:  his  work  in 
Africa,  19,  153 

Croi,  Philip  de,  Duke  of  Aerschot 
(ca.  1550),  Dutch  councilor:  mem- 
ber of  governing  council  of  the 
Netherlands,  13,  120;  made  gover- 
nor of  Flanders,  128 

Croia,  Albania:  seized  by  Scanderbeg, 
14,  69 

Croix,  Carlos  Francisco  de,  Marques 
de  Croix  (1699-1786),  Spanish  gen- 
eral: his  administration  as  viceroy 
of  New  Spain,  22,  203 

Cromer,  Archbishop  of  Armagh  (ca. 
1530) :  pleads  with  Lord  Thomas 
Fitzgerald,  12,  79 

Cromer,  Evelyn  Baring,  Earl  of:  see 
Baring,  Evelyn,  Earl  of  Cromer 

Crompton,  Samuel   (1 753-1827),   Eng- 


lish  mechanic:   invents   a    spinning- 
machine,   11,  534 

Cromwell,  Oliver,  an  English  soldier, 
Lord  Protector  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  England,  Scotland  and 
Ireland  (1653-1658),  called  Old  Noll 
and  the  Saviour  of  the  Nation:  born 
at  Huntingdon,  England,  April  25, 
IS99J  studied  at  Sidney  Sussex  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  1616-1617;  was 
elected  member  of  Parliament  for 
Huntingdon,  1628;  represented 
Cambridge  in  the  Short  and  Long 
Parliaments,  1640;  was  appointed 
captain  of  Parliamentary  horse, 
1642,  and  colonel,  1643;  organized 
a  model  regiment,  the  Ironsides, 
1643;  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Mar- 
ston  Moor,  1644;  led  the  right  wing 
in  the  battle  of  Naseby,  1645;  put 
down  an  insurrection  in  Wales, 
1648;  defeated  the  Scotch  royalists 
at  Preston,  1648;  as  one  of  the  High 
Court  signed  the  death-sentence  of 
Charles  I,  1649;  gained  the  control 
of  the  government  upon  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Commonwealth, 
1649;  commanded  an  expedition  to 
Ireland,  1649,  and  defeated  the  roy- 
alists at  Drogheda;  was  appointed 
commander-in-chief  of  the  army  of 
the  Commonwealth,  1650;  gained 
victories  over  the  Scotch  royalists, 
at  Dunbar,  1650,  and  at  Worcester, 
1651;  drove  out  the  Rump  Parlia- 
ment, 1653,  and  was  appointed  Lord 
Protector  of  the  Commonwealth; 
governed  to  the  advantage  of  Eng- 
land through  his  commercial  treat- 
ies and  his  successful  wars  with  the 
Dutch,  with  Algiers,  Tunis  and 
Tripoli,  and  the  Spaniards;  died  at 
Whitehall,  London,  September  3, 
1658 

Permits  Jews  to  return  to   Eng- 
land,   1,    421;    forms    alliance    with 

•  France,  9,  206;  commands  parlia- 
mentary forces,  11,  346;  made  Lieu- 
tenant-General  in  the  New  Model 
Army,  351;  conquers  Ireland,  303; 
appointed  lord  lieutenant  of  Ire- 
land, 12,  124;  condition  of  Scot- 
land under,  343;  made  Lord  Protec- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


191 


tor,  367;  aids  West  Indies,  20,  70; 
restores  Maryland  to  Lord  Balti- 
more, 23,  72;  death  of,  11,  372 

Cromwell,  Richard  (1626-17 12),  son 
of  Oliver  Cromwell,  called  Tumble- 
down Dick,  Sullen  Dick,  and  Indo- 
lent Dick:  his  protectorate,  II,  $73 

Cromwell,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Essex,  an 
English  courtier  and  statesman: 
born  of  poor  parents  at  Putney 
about  1485,  served  in  French  army 
in  Italy;  was  appointed  collector  of 
the  revenues  of  the  See  of  York  by 
Wolsey,  1514;  was  elected  member 
of  Parliament,  1523;  was  made 
privy  councilor  by  Henry  VII,  1531; 
was  appointed  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  i~,Z3>  and  vicar-general 
of  the  king  to  enforce  the  Act  of 
Supremacy,  1536;  was  chosen  Lord 
Privy  Seal,  1536,  and  Lord  High 
Chamberlain  of  England,  1539;  was 
created  Earl  of  Essex,  1540;  nego- 
tiated the  marriage  of  Henry  VII 
with  Anne  of  Cleves,  and  partly  on 
this  account  was  accused  of  treason 
and  beheaded,  July  28,  1540 

Rise   of,   11,   248,   255;    death   of, 
260 

Cromwell  of  France,  The:  see  Robes- 

.  pierre,  Franc,  ois  Maximilien  Joseph 
Isidore 

Crook,  George  (1828-1890),  American 
soldier:  in  expedition  against  Sit- 
ting Bull,  24,  905 

Crookhaven,  Ireland:  burned  by  the 
Dutch,  13,  197 

Cropredy  Bridge,  England:  battle  of. 
(1644),  11,  349 

Croton,  Italy:  conquers  Sybaris,  2, 
215;  Pythagoreans  at,  215;  taken  by 
Dionysius  of  Syracuse,  414 

Crown,  City  of  the  Violet:  see 
Athens 

Crown  Land  Sales  Act  (1842),  co- 
lonial agrarian  law:  passed,  20,  192; 
repealed,  199 

Crown  Point,  New  York:  expedition 
planned  against,  23,  176;  captured 
by  English,  193;  captured  by  Ethan 
Allen,  228 

Croy,  Charles  Eugene,  Duke  of 
(ca.   1700),  German  commander:  at 


the  battle  of  Narva,  15,  39,  16,  216 

Croziers      (Baglerne),      Scandinavian 

faction  (ca.  1100):  the  party  of  the, 

16,  98 

Crusades,  The,  a  number  of  expedi- 
tions undertaken  by  the  Christians 
of  Europe  for  the  recovery  of  the 
Holy  Land  from  the  Mohamme- 
dans: account  of,  2,  535,  9,  70,  11, 
87,  13,  29,  14,  4,  16,  75,  85,  18,  138, 
I45>  155.   161;  influence  of,   18,  172, 

20,  14;  summary  of,  23,  20 
Crusentolpe,     Magnus    Jacob     (1795- 

1865),  Swedish  historian  and  novel- 
ist: attacks  the  Swedish  govern- 
ment, 16,  259 

Crazy  Goyeneche,  Luis  de  la  (1768- 
1828),  a  Chilian  general:  made  min- 
ister of  war  and  marine,  21,  120 

Crypheia,  Spartan  secret  police,  ca. 
400  B.  C,  2,  309 

Csak,  Mathew  (ca.  1300),  Slavonian 
leader:  rebellion  of,  17,   151 

Csanad,  Hungary:  destroyed  by  the 
Mongols,  17,  58 

Csokonay,  Vitez  Miliary  (1773-1805), 
Hungarian  poet:  aids  Hungarian 
language,  17,  333 

Ctesiphon,  Mesopotamia:  captured 
and  sacked  (637  A.  D.),  1,  261; 
surrenders  to  the  Romans,  4,  89 

Cuaspud,    Ecuador:   battle    of    (1863), 

21,  88,  112 

Cuautla  de  Amilpas,  Mexico:  siege  of 
(1812),  22,  243 

Cuba,  the  largest  of  the  West  Indies, 
called  the  Queen  of  the  Antilles: 
discovered,  21,  7,  22,  3,  466,  23, 
32;  conquered  by  the  Spaniards,  21, 

17,  22,  7,  448;  reduced  by  English, 
11,  505;  in  treaty  of  Paris,  23,  198; 
growth  of,  20,  73;  conspiracies  and 
revolutions  in,  22,  451;  Pierce  on 
annexation  of,  24,  624;  Buchanan 
desires  annexation  of,  657;  purchase 
recommended  by  Buchanan,  671;  in- 
surrection of  (1868-1878),  888,  1022; 
(1895),  1022;  American  intervention 
in,  22,  456;  wins  independence,  22, 
323;  under  protection  of  the  United 
States,  24,  1032,  1045;  military  gov- 
ernment in,  22,  464;  present  condi- 
tions, 474;  first  general  election,  24, 


192 


THE   HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


1046;  reciprocity  between  the  United 
States  and,  22,  482,  24,  1053;  his- 
tory of,  hi  the  nineteenth  century, 
20,  325 

Cubagua,  a  South  American  island: 
discovered   (1498),  21,   12 

Cuenca,  Ecuador:  description  of,  21, 
1 06 

Cuernavaca  (Guauhnahuac),  Mexico: 
battle  of  (1521),  22,  47 

Cuesta  (ca.  1810),  a  Spanish  comman- 
der: at  battle  of  Talavera,  8,  430 

Cuestas,  Juan  Lindolfo  (1837),  a 
South  American  politician:  his  ad- 
ministration as  president  of  Uru- 
guay, 21,  259 

Cuevas,  Louis  G.  (ca.  1848),  a  Mexi- 
can statesman:  signs  treaty  with 
United   States,   22,  377 

Cuitlahua  (d.  1520),  Emperor  of  Mex- 
ico: accession  of,  22,  41;  death  of, 

44 

Cullen  (d.  1835),  a  South  American 
patriot:  death  of,  21,  124 

Culloden  Moor,  Scotland:  battle  of 
(1746),   11,  488,   12,  368 

Cullom,  Shelby  Moore,  a  United 
States  Senator  (ca.  1886) :  investi- 
gates charges  against  the  railways, 
24>  956;  chairman  of  senate  commit- 
tee on  foreign  relations,  1076 

Culpeper,  Lord  Thomas  (d.  1719),  a 
colonial  governor  of  Virginia:  re- 
ceives grant  of  Virginia,  23,  64; 
governor,  64 

Culpeper  Court  House,  Virginia: 
battle  of   (1862),  24,  763 

Culp's  Hill,  Pennsylvania:  connection 
with  battle  of   Gettysburg,  24,  780 

Culture  System  of  the  Dutch  East 
Indies,  20,  289 

Cumae,  Italy:  first  Greek  town  in  It- 
aly, 2,  82;  settled,  2,  83,  3,  25;  bat- 
tle of  (474  B.  C),  2,  219,  3,  57;  cap- 
tured by  the  Romans  (420  B.  C.), 
3,  65;  taken  by  Sabellians  (415  B. 
C),  2,  414 

Cumana,  Venezuela:  occupied  by  the 
revolutionists  (1821),  21,  73 

Cumans,  a  Ugric  tribe:  invade  Hun- 
gary, 17,  51;  favored  by  Ladislav 
IV  of  Hungary,  59 


"Cumberland,"  a  United  States  sloop: 
fires  on  the  "  Merrimac,"  24,  754 

Cumberland,  William  Augustus,  Duke 
of  (1721-1765),  an  English  general, 
younger  son  of  George  II,  called 
the  Bloody  Butcher:  in  the  War  of 
Austrian  Succession,  9,  238,  18,  335; 
in  the  Seven  Years'  War,  9,  245; 
at  battle  of  Fontenoy,  11,  487;  his 
campaign  against  the  Young  Preten- 
der, 11,  488,  12,  367;  defeated  at 
Hastenbeck,    IX,    499;    names    fort, 

23,  176 

Cumberland  Road:   building    of,    23, 

441 
Cummings     Point,     South     Carolina: 

battery  opens  fire  on  Fort  Sumter, 

24,  711 

Cunaxa,  near  Babylon:  battle  of 
(401  B.  C),  1,  167,  2,  389 

Cunegunda,  Princess  (ca.  1200), 
daughter  of  Emperor  Philip:  be- 
trothal of,  17,  68 

Cunegunda  of  Russia,  Princess  (ca. 
1250) :  marries  Premysl  Otokar  II 
of  Bohemia,  17,  73;  throws  herself 
on  the  mercy  of  Rudolf  of  Haps- 
burg,  77;  marries  Zavisa  of  Falken- 
stein,  79 

Cunha,  Nuno  da,  a  Portuguese  official: 
governor  of  the  Indies  (1529),  5, 
150,  8,  434 

Cunha,  Pedro  Vas  da  (ca.  1487),  Por- 
tuguese explorer:  sent  to  make  con- 
quests in  Africa,  8,  323 

Cunha,  Tristan  da  (1460-1540),  a  Por- 
tuguese navigator:  his  campaign  in 
Africa,  19,  21 

Cuno  von  Stoffeln  (ca.  1379),  Abbot 
of  St.  Gall,  Switzerland:  administra- 
tion of,  13,  389 

Curagao,  an  island  of  the  Dutch  West 
Indies:  under  Dutch  rule,  20,  73; 
government  of,  286 

Curia,  a  division  of  the  Roman  State: 
importance  of,  3,  13 

Curio,  Gaius  (d.  49  B.  C),  a  Roman 
politician:  sells  his  services  to  Cae- 
sar, 3,  331;  his  campaigns  in  Sicily 
and  Africa,  342;  death,  342 

Curium,  an  ancient  city  of  Cyprus: 
Greek  colony  of,  2,  57 


GENERAL    INDEX 


193 


Curran,  John  Philpot,  a  celebrated 
Irish  orator:  born  at  Newmarket, 
County  Cork,  Ireland,  July  24,  1750; 
studied  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
and  at  the  Middle  Temple,  London; 
was  admitted  to  the  Irish  bar,  1775; 
entered  the  Irish  Parliament,  1783; 
pleaded  for  the  leaders  of  the  Irish 
insurrection  of  1798  when  they  were 
prosecuted  by  the  government;  was 
master  of  the  rolls  in  Ireland,  1806- 
1814;  died  at  Brompton,  near  Lon- 
don, England,  October  14,  1817 

Favors  the  Rotunda  Bill,  12,  192; 
defends  Rowan,  202;  defends  Wolfe 
Tone,  214 

Currant  Convention,  The,  held  in 
Greece   to   protect   the    interests    of 

•  the    currant   cultivators     (1905),    2, 

549 

Currency:  see  Coins  and  Coinage 

Currency  Question  in  India,  5,  383 

Curry,  Dr.  (ca.  1700),  Irish  physician: 
assumes  leadership  of  Catholic 
movement,  12,  173 

Cursor,  Lucius  Papirius  (ca.  300  B. 
C),  Roman  dictator:  in  command  of 
Roman  forces,  3,  70;  defeats  the 
Etruscans,  71 

Curtis,  Benjamin  Robbins  (1809- 
1874),  an  American  jurist:  dissents 
from  Taney  decision,  24,  660 

Curtis,  George  William  (1824-1892), 
an  American  journalist,  orator  and 
author:  joins  liberal  movement,  24, 
890;  refuses  to  support  Blaine's 
nomination,  943;  opposes  election  of 
Blaine   (1884),  946 

Curupayti,  Uruguay:  battle  of  (1865), 
21,  145 

Curzon,  George  Nathaniel,  Baron 
Curzon  (1859 ),  English  states- 
man and  publicist:  his  governor- 
generalship  of  India,  5,  279;  his  sec- 
ond governor-generalship  of  India, 
302 

Cushing,  Caleb  (1800-1879),  an  Ameri- 
can jurist,  politician  and  diplomat: 
attorney  general,  24,  624;  counsel 
in  Geneva  commission,  885 

Custer,  George  Armstrong,  an  Ameri- 
can soldier:  born  at  New  Rumley, 
Ohio,  December  5,  1839;  graduated 


from  West  Point,  1861,  and  was 
appointed  lieutenant  of  United 
States  cavalry;  led  a  brigade  in  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg,  1863;  took 
part  in  the  Richmond  and  Shenan- 
doah campaigns,  1864-1865,  and  in 
the  pursuit  of  Lee's  army,  1865;  ap- 
pointed lieutenant-colonel,  with  the 
brevet  rank  of  major-general,  in  the 
regular  army,  1866;  commanded  an 
exploring  expedition  to  the  Black 
Hills,  1874;  while  leading  an  expe- 
dition against  the  Sioux  Indians,  he 
together  with  his  entire  force  was 
killed  at  Little  Big  Horn  River, 
Montana,  June  25,  1876 

In  expedition  against  Sitting  Bull, 

24,  90S 
Custine,    Adam    Philippe,     Count    of 

(1740-1793),  French  soldier:  com- 
mands the  army  of  the  north,  9, 
285;  superseded  by  general  Hou- 
chard,  10,  276;  his  campaigns 
against  the  allied  powers,  18,  356; 
death  of,  9,  287,  10,  279 

Custozza,  Italy:  battle  of  1866,  4,  390, 
17,  392 

Cutha,  chief  of  the  West  Saxons  (d. 
584  A.  D.) :  his  campaign  against 
the  Angles,  11,  24;  death  of,  25 

Cutler,  Manasseh  (1 742-1823),  an 
American  botanist  and  clergyman: 
plans  government  for  Northwest 
Territory,  23,  318 

Cuzco,  Peru:  supports  Vivanco,  21, 
196 

Cyaxares,  King  of  Medea,  635-584  B. 
C. :  reign  of,  2,  120;  empire  of,  122 

Cyclades,  a  group  of  islands  in  the 
./Egean  Sea,  2,  18;  Ionic  coloniza- 
tion of,  54;  conquered  by  Saracens, 
I,  289;  captured  by  Turks,  2,  539 

Cyclic  Poets,  The,  authors  of  Greek 
epic  poems  composed  between  800 
and  550  B.  C,  relating  to  the  Trojan 
war  and  the  Theban  war,  2,  31 

Cydnus,  Cilicia,  Asia  Minor:  Alexan- 
der at  the,  2,  491 

Cydonia,  Crete:  battles  of  (71  B.  C.)» 
3,  260;  (68  B.  C),  260 

Cylon  (ca.  600  B.  C),  Athenian  noble: 
conspiracy  of,  2,  99 

Cymburga  (ca.  1425),  Mazovian  prin- 


194 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


cess:  marries  Ernest,  the  Man  of 
Iron,  17,  107 

Cyme,  Asia  Minor:  named  by  Lo- 
crians,  2,  53;  taken  by  Persians,  135; 
besieged  by  Tissaphernes,  391 

Cynoscephalae,  Thessaly:  battle  of 
(197  B.  C),  2,  518,  3,  141 

Cynric,  King  of  the  West  Saxons  (ca. 
550  A.  D.):  attacks  Britons,  11,  24 

Cyprus,  in  the  Mediterranean:  con- 
quered by  the  Saracens,  1,  289; 
early  syllabary  used  in,  2,  27,  56; 
Greek  settlements  in,  56;  submits  to 
Persia,  127;  subdued,  135;  joins  the 
Ionian  revolt,  135;  invaded  by  Ci- 
mon,  247;  submits  to  Alexander, 
494;  liberated  from  Egyptians,  514; 
massacres  in,  543;  annexed  to  Ro- 
man empire,  3,  277;  conquered  by 
Turks,  14,  195;  history  of,  20,  253; 
government  of,  254 

Cypselus,  Tyrant  of  Corinth,  655-625 
B.  C:  reign  of,  2,  92 

Cyrene,  northern  Africa:  site  fixed  by 
oracle,  2,  44;  founded,  2,  87,  19,  7; 
submits  to  Persia,  2,  128 

Cyric  (Grig),  King  of  Scotland,  ca. 
900  A.  D. :  usurps  throne,  12,  255 

Cyril,  grand  duke  of  Russia  (ca. 
1900) :  at  Port  Arthur,  7,  307 

Cyril,  Saint  (820-869  A.  D.),  Greek 
scholar  and  prelate:  mission  of,  17, 
31;  death  of,  32 

Cyrillic  Alphabet:  created,  17,  32 

Cyrus  the  Elder,  also  called  the  Great, 
King  of  Persia,  559-529  B.  C,  and 
founder  of  the  Persian  empire:  birth 
and  early  life  are  lost  in  fabulous 
tales;  incited  the  Persians  to  revolt, 
dethroned  Astyages  of  Media  and 
ascended  the  throne,  559  B.  C.;  in- 
creased his  power  by  the  conquest 
of  Croesus,  King  of  Lydia,  546; 
marched  with  a  large  army  against 
Babylon,  and  captured  it,  538; 
showed  great  consideration  to  the 
conquered  city;  allowed  the  Jewish 
exiles  in  Babylon  to  go  back  to 
their  own  country;  authorities  differ 
as  to  the  manner  of  his  death,  but 
it  is  generally  believed  that  in  the 
invasion  of  the  country  of  the  Mas- 


sagetae,  he  was  drawn  into  ambush 
and  killed,  529  B.  C. 

Rise  of,  1,  93;  conquers  Babylonia 
and  Assyria,  94;  Lydia,  146;  ances- 
try of,  160;  becomes  king  of  the 
Medes,  161;  conquers  Babylonia, 
161;  career  of,  I,  401,  2,  122,  124,  125, 
126;  estimate  of,  2,  127;  death  of,  127 

Cyrus  the  Younger  (d.  401  B.  C): 
governor  of  Asia  Minor,  2,  369;  aids 
Lysander,  369;  rebels  against  his 
brother,  388;  march  of  the  "Ten 
Thousand  "  under,  389;  killed,  389 

Cythera,  in  the  ^Egean  Sea:  a  Phoeni- 
cian possession,  2,  27 

Cyzicus,  Asia  Minor:  settled,  2,  80; 
battle  of,  365 

Czaikowski,  Michael  (Sadyk  Pasha) 
(1808-1886),  Polish  novelist  and 
general:  memoirs  of,  15,  287 

Czapek  of  San  (ca.  1400),  Polish  com- 
mander: given  command  of  Hussite 
army,  17,  138 

Czartoryski,  Prince  Adam  Casimir 
(1734-1823),  Polish  politician:  his 
account  of  Paul's  death,  15,  209 

Czartoryski,  Prince  Adam  George 
(1770-1861),  Polish  general  and  pol- 
itician: his  influence,  15,  263;  in  the 
Polish  insurrection,  293;  in  Eng- 
land, 296;  death  of,  325 

Czartoryski,  Ladislaus  (d.  ca.  i860), 
son  of  Prince  Adam  George  Czar- 
toryski: leads  the  Poles,  15,  325 

Czech  Museum  at  Prague:  see  Prague: 
museum  at 

Czechs,  branch  of  the  Slavic  race:  set- 
tle in  Bohemia,  17,  18;  form  alli- 
ance with  Charles  the  Great,  30; 
clamor  for  their  political  rights,  403 

Czermak,  Jaroslaw  (1831-1878),  Bo- 
hemian historical  painter:  sketch  of, 
17,  416 

Czernowitz,  Austria-Hungary:  Swed- 
ish loss  at,  14,  275 

Czerny  (Black),  George  (1766-1817), 
a  Servian  leader:  rebellion  of,  14, 
389,  395,  15,  218;  fails  in  Bosnia, 
14,  403;  deserts  Servia,  410;  assas- 
sinated, 411 

Czolgosz,  Leon  (1873-1901),  anarch- 
ist: assassinates  McKinley,  24,  1049 


D 


Dacia,  a  Roman  province:  part  of, 
occupied  by  the  Goths,  17,  14;  set- 
tled by  Servians,  22 

Dacia,  Martinus  de  (ca.  1290),  Danish 
statesman:   chancellor  of  Denmark, 

16,  no 

Dacians,  inhabitants  of  Dacia:  rise  of, 

17,  11 

Dacre,  Thomas  Fienes,  Lord  (1517- 
1541),  an  English  soldier  and  poli- 
tician: his  campaign  against  the 
Scots,  12,  302 

Dacres,  Captain,  British  naval  officer: 
commands  "  Guerriere,"  23,  422 

Daedels,  Herman  Willem  (1762- 
1818),  a  Dutch  general:  his  work 
in  Java,  20,  288 

Dagmar,  Queen  of  Denmark:  sketch 
of,  16,  90 

Dagobert  I  (602-638  A.  D.),  King  of 
the  Franks,  628-638  A.  D.:  reign  of, 
9,  31,  18,  64;  at  war  with  Samo  the 
Merchant,  17,  20 

Dagobert  II  (654-679  A.  D.),  King  of 
Franks:  sent  to  Ireland,  9,  331 
reign    of,    34;    educated    in    Ireland, 

12,  34 
Dagobert  III,  Frankish  king,  711-714 

A.  D.:  reign  of,  9,  33 
Dahae,  Persian  Nomadic  tribe:  invade 

India,  5,  73 
Dahlberg,  Erik  (ca.  1700),  a  Swedish 

commander:  defends  Riga,  16,  215 
Dahlgren,  John  Adolf  (1 809-1 870),  an 

American  rear   admiral:   commands 

Federal  fleet,  24,  805 
Dahlmann,         Friedrich         Christoph 

(1785-1860),     a     German     historian: 

his  historical  investigations,  16,  267 
Dahomans,    an    African    tribe:    resist 

the  French,  19,  163 
Dahomey,   Africa:    description  of,  20, 

281 
d'Ailly,  Pierre:  see  Ailly,  Pierre  d' 
Dakota:  see  Sioux 


Dakotas,  The,  two  of  the  United 
States:  affected  by  Missouri  Com- 
promise, 23,  456 

Dalai-lama,  one  of  the  two  popes  of 
Lamaism:  Galdan's  alliance  with,  6, 
70;  seeks  aid  from  Peking,  101; 
flight  of,  from  Lhasa,  316 

Dalberg,  Duke  of,  a  French  senator 
1814:  member  of  provisional  gov- 
ernment, 9,  349 

Dale,  Richard  (1 756-1 826),  an  Ameri- 
can commodore:  commands  squad- 
ron, 23,  394 

Dale,  Sir  Thomas  (d.  1619),  a  colo- 
nial governor  of  Virginia,  23,  60 

Dalgorukov,  Prince  Gregory  (ca. 
1725),  a  Russian  official  at  War- 
saw: tampers  with  the  Polish  diet, 
15,  81 

Dalhousie,  James  Andrew  Brown 
Ramsay,  Earl  of  (1812-1860),  an 
English  soldier:  his  governor-gen- 
eralship of  India,  5,  222 

Dallas,  Alexander  James  (1750-1817), 
an  American  statesman:  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  23,  439 

Dallas,  George  Mifflin  (1792-1864),  an 
American  politician:  nominated  for 
Vice-president,     24,    537;     hung    in 

effigy,  554 

Dalmatia,  Austria-Hungary:  subject 
to  the  Republic  of  Venice,  17,  4; 
Italian  element  in,  8;  conquered  by 
the  Romans,  12;  St.  Luke's  work  in, 
14;  recognizes  the  authority  of 
Theodoric,  16;  attacked  by  Croats, 
21;  comes  under  Frankish  rule,  38; 
annexed  to  Hungary,  52,  152; 
sketch  of  its  history,  284;  under 
Napoleon,  301;  government  of 
(1848),  355;  under  the  dual  system 
of  government,  405 

Dalny,  Manchuria:  port  of,  6,  310; 
Russia  cedes  lease  of,  314 

Dalrymple,    Sir    Hew    (1750-1830),     a 


195 


196 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


British  officer:  concludes  conven- 
tion of  Cintra,  8,  529 

Dalta  (Rita),  King  of  the  Medes, 
ca.  709  B.  C. :  placed  on  the  throne 
by  Sargon,  I,  158 

Dalziel,  Thomas  (1599-1685),  a  Brit- 
ish general:  attempts  to  crush  the 
Scottish   Presbyterians,   12,   346 

Daman,  British  India:  captured  by 
the  Portuguese,  5,  151;  under  Por- 
tuguese rule,  20,  298 

Damascus,  capital  of  Syria:  sieges  of 
(842  B.  C),  1,  81,  392;  (805  B.  C), 
393;  (734  B.  C),  83;  (633  A.  D.), 
269;  taken  by  the  Persians  (615 
A.  D.),  5,  320;  captured  by  the  Em- 
peror Zimisces  (969  A.  D.),  I,  369; 
taken  by  Selim  I  of  Turkey  (1516), 
14,    130;   adorned  by   Suleiman,    188 

Damaseppus,  Lucius  Brutus  (d.  82  B. 
C.)>  Roman  pretor  and  soldier:  at- 
tempts to  succor  Rome,  3,  227; 
death,  228 

Dambray,  Charles  Henri  (1 760-1 829), 
a  French  statesman:  made  chancel- 
lor and  keeper  of  the  seals,  9,  356 

Dames  (ca.  637  A.  D.),  an  Arabian 
slave:  at  siege  of  Aleppo,  1,  284 

Damghan,  Persia:  battle  of  (1730), 
5,  350 

Damid  AH  (Ali  Kumurzi),  Grand 
Vizier  of  Turkey  (ca.  1715) :  ac- 
count of,   14,  285 

Damiens  (ca.  1759),  French  fanatic: 
attempts  to  assassinate  Louis  XV, 
9,  242 

Damietta,  Egypt:  captured  by  the 
Crusaders  (1219),  1,  36,  9,  81 

Damocles,  a  Syracusan  courtier: 
story   of,   2,   412 

Dampierre,  Henry  of  (ca.  1619),  an 
Austrian  general:  his  campaign  in 
Bohemia,  17,  203 

Dan  (I)  Mykillati,  King  of  Denmark, 
ca.  1000  B.  C:  the  legend  of,  16, 
17 

Dan  (II)  Mykillati,  King  of  Den- 
mark, ca.  270  A.  D. :  the  legend  of, 
16,  17 

Dana,  Francis,  an  American  states- 
man: sent  as  minister  to  Russia, 
23,   268 

Danai,     Greek    mythological    charac- 


ters: in  Homer,  2,  33;  in  Egyptian 
inscriptions,  33 
Danby,    Thomas    Osborne,    Earl    of 

(1631-1712),  English  statesman: 
given  the  Treasurership,  11,  399; 
in  the  confidence  of  Charles  II, 
402;  committed  to  the  Tower,  407; 
released,    415;    joins    William    III, 

429 
Dandelot    (ca.    1560),   brother  of   Co- 

ligny:   plots   against   the    Guises,   9, 

ISO 
Dane,    Sir   Louis    (1856 ),   British 

official:    his    mission    to    Kabal,    5, 

295 

Dane,  Nathan  (1752-1835),  American 
jurist:  supports  plan  of  govern- 
ment for  Northwest  Territory,  23, 
319;  opposes  ratification  of  the 
Constitution,  335 

D'Andrade,  Don  Fernao  Peres  (ca. 
1522),  a  Portuguese  naval  comman- 
der: in  China,  6,  32 

Danegeld,  primitive  Saxon  tax: 
Thomas  a  Becket  resists  the  levy- 
ing of,   11,    101 

Danelaw,  the  name  applied  to  that 
part  of  England  which  was  under 
the  laws  of  the  Danes:  extent  of,  11, 

43 

Danes,  the  natives  of  Denmark:  in- 
vade England,  2,  535,  it,  42,  57; 
conclude  peace  with  Alfred  the 
Great,  11,  43;  invade  Ireland,  12,  39 

Danican,  General  (ca.  1770),  French 
revolutionist:  summons  the  con- 
vention to  withdraw  its  troops,  10, 
358 

Daniel  (d.  1303),  Russian  prince: 
reign   of,    15,    12 

Daniel,    John    Warwick     (1842 ), 

American  politician:  chairman  of 
Democratic  convention  (1896),  24, 
1013 

Danish  Expedition,  for  Arctic  ex- 
ploration  (1906),   16,  339 

Danish  Revolution,  The,  making  Den- 
mark an  absolute  hereditary  state 
(1660),  16,  232 

Dannebrog,  Danish  national  stand- 
ard: the  origin  of  the,  16,  86;  Or- 
der of  the   (1670),  234 

Dannenberg,  General  (ca.  1800),  Rus- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


197 


sian  general:   at  the  siege  of  War- 
saw, 15,  295 

Danneskjold-Samsoe,  Count  (ca. 
1750),  Danish  admiral:  exile  of,  16, 
241 

Dannevirke,  an  ancient  entrenchment 
erected  in  the  9th  century  as  a  pro- 
tection of  Denmark  against  inva- 
sion from  the  South,  16,  30  note, 
18,  85 

Dannoura,    Japan:    battle    of,    7,   62 

Danrin-ji,  Buddhist  temple  in  Japan: 
built,  7,  41 

Dante  Aligheri,  an  Italian  poet:  born 
at  Florence,  Italy,  May,  1265;  first 
met  Beatrice  Portinari  in  1274 
and  was  inspired  to  write  poetry 
through  his  love  for  her;  never 
married  Beatrice,  but  two  years  af- 
ter her  death,  wedded  Gemma  Do- 
nati,  1292;  lived  a  very  unhappy 
married  life  and  finally  separated 
from  his  wife;  early  took  up  the 
cause  of  the  Guelphs  and  fought 
at  C~rnpaldino,  1289;  performed 
several  missions  to  foreign  courts; 
was  elected  one  of  the  priors  of 
Florence,  1300;  was  condemned  to 
perpetual  c:cil2  by  the  Neri  and  his 
estates  confiscated,  1302;  for  nine- 
teen years  wandered  from  place  to 
place  in  Italy,  and  is  even  said  to 
have  visited  Paris  and  Oxford; 
died  at  Ravenna,  Italy,  September 
14,  1321 

Sketch   of,   4,   213,   280,   18,    186 

Danton,  Georges  Jacques  (1759- 
1794),  French  Revolutionary 
leader:  excites  insurrection,  9,  270; 
leader  of  the  Cordelier  club,  9,  272, 
10,  128;  leader  of  the  Mountain, 
9,  278;  his  character  and  policy,  10, 
204;  his  interview  with  Robes- 
pierre, 290;  his  refusal  to  defend 
himself,  292;  his  arrest,  293;  death 
of,  9,  288,  10,  294 

Dantonists,  in  French  history,  the 
followers  of  Danton:  policy  of,  10, 
285;  fall  of,  290;  execution  of  their 
leaders,  295 

Dantzig,  West  Prussia:  taken  by  the 
Swedes    (1703),    16,    216;    sieges    of 


(1733),  9,  235,  15,  119;  (1793),  189; 
(1807),  9,  330 

Danube  River,  Central  Europe:  made 
frontier  of  the  Roman  Empire,  17, 
12 

Dara  (d.  1660),  Indian  prince:  death 
of,  5,  121 

Daras,  Mesopotamia:  battle  of  (529 
A.  D.),  2,  532;  captured  by  the  Per- 
sians (572  A.  D.),  5,  319 

Darboy,  Georges  (1813-1871),  French 
prelate:  death  of,  9,  473 

d'Arc,  Jeanne:  see  Jeanne  d'  Arc 

Dardanelles,  a  straight  connecting 
the  Sea  of  Marmora  with  the 
^Egean   Sea:   control  of,   14,  437 

Dardania,  Asia  Minor:  settled  by 
Servians,    17,   22 

Dardsha  (ca.  1750),  Chinese  leader: 
usurps  power,  6,  85 

Dare,  Virginia  (b.  1587):  first  Eng- 
lish child   born   in  America,  23,   53 

Dar-es-Salaam,  German  East  Africa: 
growth   of,    19,    T43 

Darfur,  Africa:  annexed  to  Egypt, 
19,  56 

Dargo,  Russia:  taken  by  the  Rus- 
sians, 15,  299 

Darien,  Colony  of,  an  unsuccessful 
Scottish  settlement  on  the  Isthmus 
of  Panama  (1695),  12,  354 

Darius  (I)  Hystaspis,  King  of  Per- 
sia, 521-486  B.  C. :  was  born  about 
548  B.  C;  was  the  son  of  Hystas- 
pis, one  of  the  noble  race  of  Ach- 
asmenidas;  killed  the  usurper  Gom- 
ates  (known  to  the  Greeks  as 
Smerdis),  521,  and  assumed  the 
crown;  reorganized  the  great  em- 
pire of  Cyrus  and  Cambyses,  and 
divided  it  into  twenty  satrapies; 
suppressed  two  revolts  of  the  Bab- 
ylonians; undertook  an  expedition 
against  the  Scythians  which  was 
unsuccessful;  in  revenge  for  the 
part  played  by  Athens  in  the  Ionic 
revolt  of  501  B.  C,  Darius  sent  an 
army  under  Mardonios  against  that 
city,  492  B.  C. ;  this  expedition  fail- 
ed and  when  he  again  sent  a  force 
against  Attica,  Athenian  valor 
saved  Greece  at  the  battle  of  Mara- 


198 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


thon,  490  B.  C;  was  preparing  to 
renew  the  struggle  when  he  died, 
487  B.  C. 

Accession  of,  2,  128;  reign  of,  1, 
163;  reorganizes  his  empire,  2,  130; 
invades  Scythia,  132;  incensed  with 
Athens,  139;  sends  out  Datis  and 
Artaphernes,  165;  his  conquest  of 
Babylon,  1,  94;  death,  2,  172 

Darius  II,  King  of  Persia,  424-405  B. 
C:  reign  of,  I,  167;  his  treaty  with 
Sparta,  2,  352;  sends  Cyrus  to  Asia 
Minor,  369;  death  of,  2,  388 

Darius  III,  King  of  Persia,  336-330 
B.  C. :  ascends  the  throne,  2,  487; 
reign  of,  1,  168;  at  Issus,  2,  492; 
makes  proposals  to  Alexander,  493; 
at  Arbela,  496;  death  of,  499 

Darkness,  Sea  of:  see  Atlantic  Ocean 

Darling,  Sir  Ralph  (1775-1858),  Eng- 
lish colonial  statesman:  conditions 
in  Australia  under,  20,   186 

Darney  (ca.  1850),  French  legislator: 
introduces  compulsory  education 
bill,  9,  454 

Darnley,  Henry  Stuart,  Lord  (1541- 
1567):  marries  Mary  Queen  of 
Scots,  11,  281 

Daroca,  Spain:  battle  of  (1120),  8, 
233 

Dartmouth  College,  Hanover,  New 
Hampshire:  founded,  23,  140;  Su- 
preme Court  decision  on,  440; 
Amos  Kendall  a  graduate  from,  485 

Daru,  Napoleon,  Count  (1 807-1 890), 
French  statesman:  minister  of  for- 
eign affairs,  9,  459 

Dashkov,  Catherine  Romanovna 
(1744-1810),  Russian  princess:  mem- 
oirs of,  15,  154;  favorite  of  Cath- 
erine the  Great,  155;  travels  of,  159, 
162 

Datis  (5th  century  B.  C.)»  Persian 
general:  at  Marathon,  I,  166,  2, 
165 

Dathen,  Peter  (ca.  1550),  Flemish 
reformer:  preaches  Protestantism, 
13,  92 

Daun,  Leopold  Joseph  Maria,  Count 
(1705-1766),  Austrian  general,  call- 
ed the  Fabius  of  Austria:  cam- 
paigns of,  9,  246,  17,  244,  18,  335, 
337,  339 


Daunou,      Pierre      Claude      Frangois 

(1761-1840),  French  statesman  and 
author:  opposes  Napoleon,  9,  319; 
his     character     and     principles,    10, 

354 

Davalos,  Fernando  (ca.  1500),  Span- 
ish magistrate:  arrested,  8,  346 

Davalos,  Ildefonzo  (ca.  1650),  Span- 
ish bishop:  his  work  among  the  In- 
dians, 22,  172 

Davatsi  (ca.  1750),  Chinese  insur- 
gent: opposes  Dardsha,  6,  85 

Davel,  Daniel  Abraham  (d.  1723), 
Swiss  military  officer:  leads  insur- 
rection in  the  Vaud,  13,  501 

Davenport,  John  (1598-1670),  English 
Puritan:  founds  New  Haven,  23, 
92 

David,  Saint  (490-544  A.  D.),  patron 
of  Wales:  his  piety,  II,  31 

David  ben  Jesse  (1090-1015  B.  C), 
Hebrew  poet,  prophet  and  king: 
career  of,  1,  383;  character  of,  387 

David  I,  King  of  Scotland,  1124- 
1153:  his  hostility  to  Stephen  I  of 
England,   II,  93;   reign   of,   12,   262 

David  (II)  Bruce,  King  of  Scotland, 
1329-1371:  reign  of,  11,  157,  12, 
284 

David  (d.  1284),  Welsh  prince:  joins 
revolt,  11,  144 

David,  C.  N.  (ca.  1825),  Danish 
scholar:  arrest  of,  16,  263 

David,  City  of:  see  Jerusalem 

Davidovitch  (ca.  1800),  Russian  gen- 
eral: his  campaigns  against  Napo- 
leon, 9,  301 

Davie,  William  R.  (1756-1820),  Am- 
erican   colonist:     appointed    envoy, 

23,  376 

Davies,  Robert  Henry  (1 824-1 902), 
Anglo-Indian  statesman:  sketch  of, 
5,  252 

Davis,  Charles  Henry  (1807-1877), 
American  naval  commander:  cap- 
tures Memphis,  24,  750 

Davis,  Cushman  Kellogg  (1838-1900), 
American  legislator:  member  of 
Spanish-American  Peace  Commis- 
sion, 24,  1031 

Davis,  David  (18 15-1886),  American 
lawyer:  joins  liberal  movement,  24, 
800;      candidate      for      Presidential 


GENERAL    INDEX 


199 


nomination  (1872),  891;  proposed 
for  a  member  of  the  Electoral 
Commission,  912;  member  of  the 
Senate,  916 

Davis,  George  Whitefield  (1839- 
1899),  American  general  and  states- 
man: made  governor  of  canal  zone, 
20,  333,  24,  1036;  arranges  judicial 
system  and  various  departments 
for  Porto  Rico,  1040 

Davis,    Henry    Gassaway    (1823 ), 

American  capitalist:  nominated  for 
Vice-president,  24,  1066 

Davis,  Henry  Winter  (181 7-1865), 
American  Statesman:  protests 
against  Lincoln's  actions,  24,  838 

Davis,  Jefferson,  an  American  sol- 
dier and  statesman:  born  in  Chris- 
tian County,  Kentucky,  June  8, 
1808;  graduated  from  West  Point, 
1828;  was  Democratic  Representa- 
tive from  Mississippi  in  Congress, 
1845-1846;  was  with  General  Tay- 
lor in  the  Mexican  War,  1846-1847; 
was  United  States  Senator,  1847- 
1851  and  1857-1861;  was  Secretary 
of  War,  1853-1857;  was  made  pro- 
visional President  of  the  Confeder- 
acy, February  18,  1861,  and  Presi- 
dent, February  22,  1862;  was  cap- 
tured near  Irwinsville,  Georgia, 
May  10,  1865,  and  imprisoned  in 
Fortress  Monroe,  Virginia,  1865- 
1867;  received  his  pardon,  Decem- 
ber, 1868;  published  a  book,  1881, 
entitled  "  Rise  and  Fall  of  the  Con- 
federate States,"  in  which  he  vindi- 
cates his  policy  as  President;  died 
in  New  Orleans,  December  6, 
1889;  his  body  was  removed  from 
there  and  interred  at  Richmond, 
Virginia,  May  31,  1893,  with  appro- 
priate ceremonies  and  without  a 
display  of  sectional  bitterness 

In  Mexican  War,  24,  554;  quoted 
on  the  righteousness  of  slavery, 
591;  opposes  Compromise  of  1850, 
608;  heads  protest  against  admission 
of  California,  609;  Secretary  of  War, 
624;  Lincoln  sworn  into  volunteer 
service  by,  666;  denounces  John 
Brown's  raid,  676;  his  resolutions  on 


the  slavery  question,  678;  parting 
address  in  Congress,  690;  earlier 
career,  692;  elected  President  of 
Confederacy,  692;  inaugurated,  693; 
quoted  on  grievances  of  the  South, 
699;  votes  against  Crittenden's 
compromise  measure,  701;  message 
concerning  conduct  of  government 
at  Washington  toward  commis- 
sioners, 710;  calls  for  troops,  717; 
rejoices  over  secession  of  Virginia, 
718;  quoted  on  motives  of  Confed- 
eracy, 726;  orders  Johnston  to  aid 
Beauregard  at  Bull  Run,  734;  fa- 
vors an  advance  on  Washington 
after  battle  of  Bull  Run,  736;  re- 
fuses to  remove  A.  S.  Johnston 
from  command,  745;  his  prophecy, 
778;  removes  J.  E.  Johnston  from 
his  command,  795;  plans  new  cam- 
paign with  Hood,  802;  in  Hampton 
Roads  Conference,  809;  receives 
news  of  fall  of  Richmond,  810; 
flight  from  Richmond,  810;  Greeley 
signs  bail  bond  of,  892 

Davis,  Jefferson  C.  (1828-1879), 
American  general:  captures  Modoc 
band,  14,  905 

Davis,  John  (d.  1605),  English  navi- 
gator: searches  for  the  Northwest 
Passage,  5,   156,  16,  301 

Davis,  Sir  John  Francis  (1795- 
1890),  an  English  officer  and  writ- 
er, 6,  143 

Davis,  Reuben  (ca.  1850),  American 
congressman:  secessionist  leader, 
24,  701 

Davis,  Thomas  Osborne  (1814-1845), 
Irish  poet  and  politician:  founds 
"  The  Nation,"  12,  226,  228 

Davout,  Louis  Nicolas  (1770-1823), 
French  marshal:  made  marshal, 
9,  322;  joins  Napoleon  after  his 
return,  10,  50;  camjaign  against 
Russia,  15,  219;  occupies  Presburg, 
*7>  334!  campaign  against  allied 
forces,    18,   372 

Dawes,  Henry  Laurens  (1816-1903), 
American   lawyer:    supports    Hayes, 

24,  915 
Dawkins,  Clinton  Edward  (ca.   1900), 
English  official  in  India,  5,  274 


200 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Day,  Francis  (1830 ),  British  ich- 
thyologist: founds  Fort  Saint 
George,  5,   163 

Day,   William    Rufus    (1849 ),    an 

American  statesman:  member  of 
Spanish-American  Peace  Commis- 
sion, 24,  1031 

Day  of  the  Camel,  victory  of  the 
Mohammedan  Ali  over  the  rebels 
(660  A.  D.),  i,  246 

Dayton,  William  Lewis  (1807-1864), 
an  American  statesman:  nominated 
for  Vice-president,  24,  654;  in  Re- 
publican  Convention,  680 

Daza,    Hilarion    (1838 ),    Bolivian 

general  and  politician:  in  the  war 
with  Chili,  21,  235;  deposed  as 
president  of   Bolivia,  236 

Dazaifu,   Japan:   battle   of    (1281),    7, 

75 

Deak,  Francis  (1803-1876),  an  Hun- 
garian orator  and  statesman:  in 
the  diet  of  Presburg,  17,  338;  in 
the  diets  of  1831,  339;  of  1836,  352; 
draws  up  the  plan  of  the  opposi- 
sition  (1847),  354;  made  minister  of 
justice,  368;  opposes  the  Austrian 
constitutions,  388;  in  the  negotia- 
tions for  the  dual  alliance,  397;  re- 
fuses all  honors,  399 

Dean,  Richard  (1610-1653),  an  Eng- 
lish admiral:  in  the  war  with  the 
Dutch,  13,  230 

Deane,  Sir  Harold  Arthur  (1854 ), 

British  official:  chief  commissioner 
of  the  Northwest  Frontier  Prov- 
ince, 5,  286 

Deane,  Silas  (1737-1789),  American 
diplomat:  delegate  to  first  Conti- 
nental Congress,  23,  223;  sent  to 
France  to  procure  supplies  for  the 
army,  238;  sent  to  Europe,  265; 
commissioned  as  minister  to 
France,  265;  signs  Treaty  of  Ver- 
sailles, 267 

Dearborn,  Henry  (1751-1829),  Ameri- 
can soldier:  Secretary  of  War,  23, 
389 

Dease,  an  Arctic  explorer  (ca.  1839) : 
explorations  of,   16,  309 

Debris  (ca.  1575),  a  notorious  Span- 
ish councilor:  member  of  the  gov- 


erning council  of  the  Netherlands, 
13,   120 

Debs,     Eugene     Victor      (1855 ), 

American  labor  leader:  arrested,  24, 
1003;  nominated  President  by  So- 
cial Democratic  Party,  1067 

Debt,  Law  of,  in  Rome:  suspended,  3, 
40 

Decarchies,  committees  of  philo- 
Spartan  citizens:  in  Asia  Minor,  2, 
381 

Decatur,  Illinois:  Lincoln  nominated 
by  State  convention  at,  24,  681 

Decatur,  Stephen  (1751-1808),  Amer- 
ican naval  officer:  commands 
squadron,  23,   375 

Decatur,  Stephen  (1779-1820),  Amer- 
ican naval  officer:  commands  frig- 
ate "United  States,"  23,  422;  naval 
hero  in  War  of  1812,  433 

Decazes,  £lie  (1780-1860),  French 
jurist  and  statesman:  made  minis- 
ter of  police,  9,  367;  made  minis- 
ter of  the  interior,  370;  forms  min- 
istry, 372 

Deccan  Agricultural  Relief  Act 
(1880),  an  act  preventing  the  ex- 
ploitation of  the  peasants  of  India 
by  money  lenders,  5,  256 

Decebalus  (d.  104  A.  D.),  King  of 
Dacia:  reign  of,  17,  13 

Decelea,  Greece:  seized  by  Spartans, 
2,  342 

December,  The  Man  of:  see  Napo- 
leon III,  Emperor  of  the  French 

Decemvirate,  The,  in  Roman  history 
the  commission  of  ten  appointed  to 
codify  Roman  law:  appointed,  3,  44 

Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court:  see 
Supreme  Court  Decisions 

Decius,  Caius  Messius  Quintus  Tra- 
janus,  Roman  Emperor,  249-251  A. 
D. :  reign  of,  4,  109;  death  of,  18, 
28 

Decius  Mus,  Publius  (d.  340  B.  C). 
Roman  consul:  at  battle  of  Senti- 
num,  3,  72 

Decken,  Karl  Klaus  von  der  (1833- 
1865),  an  African  explorer:  explo- 
rations of,  19,  54 

Declaration,  The  Czech,  the  formu- 
lated claims  of  the  Czechs  present- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


201 


ed    to    Francis    Joseph    (1868),    17, 

403 

Declaration  of  Breda  (1660),  a  dec- 
laration containing  the  promises 
of  Charles  II,  II,  375  , 

Declaration  of  Independence,  the 
public  act  whereby  the  Continen- 
tal Congress  declared  the  Ameri- 
can colonies  independent  of  Great 
Britain  (1776),  9,  254,  10,  86,  11, 
516,  20,  127,  23,  236;  advocated, 
23,  239;  adopted,  241;  its  reception 
among  the  people,  241;  written  by 
Jefferson,  383;  first  draft  contains 
slavery  clause,  24,  552 

Declaration  of  Rights,  in  American 
history,  the  protest  of  the  colonies 
against  policy  of  the  English  gov- 
ernment: drawn  up  by  American 
colonies,  23,  212;  issued  by  first 
Continental  Congress,   223 

Declaration  of  Rights,  Venezuelan: 
granted  to  Venezuelans  (1863),  21, 
98 

Declaration  of  Secession,  South  Car- 
olina,  24,  685 

Declaration  of  the  Rights  of  Man, 
France   (1789),  9,  265 

Declarations  of  Indulgence:  (1672), 
11,  397;  (1687),  425;  (1688),  427 

Declaratory  Act,  an  act  affirming  the 
right  of  Parliament  to  legislate  for 
the  colonies   (1766),  23,  214 

Dedannans,  Greek  tribes:  settle  in 
Ireland,    12,    24 

Dediulin,  General,  a  Russian  official: 
becomes  commandant  of  the  pal- 
ace  (1906),  15,  368 

Dee,  Bridge  of,  Scotland:  battle  of 
(1639),  12,  338 

Deer  Creek,  Tennessee:  in  Vicksburg 
campaign,   24,  776 

Deerfield,  Massachusetts:  burned  in 
King  Philip's  War,  23,  97;  attacked 
in  the  French  and  Indian  War,  160 

Defender  and  Baron  of  the  Holy 
Sepulcher:  see  Godfrey  of  Bouillon, 
King  of  Jerusalem 

Defender  of  the  Faith:  see  Henry 
VIII,  King  of  England 

"  Defenders,"  a  secret  society  in  Ire- 
land, ca.   1785,  12,   196 

Defense,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 


the  English  and  the  Dutch  (1619), 
5,  161 

Definitive  Treaty,  a  treaty  between 
England,  France,  and  Spain  (1763), 
20,    120 

Degennes  (18th  century),  a  French 
explorer  in  South  America:  explo- 
rations of,  21,  34 

Degollado,  General  (ca.  i860),  Mexi- 
can general:  in  the  Reform  War, 
22,  383 

Deities,  Age  of  the,  legendary  age  in 
Japanese  history  extending  to  reign 
of  Emperor  Jimmu,  7,  3 

Dekabrists,  a  political  party  in  Rus- 
sia,   1825:    insurrection   of   the,    15, 

273 

Dekker,  Edouard  Douwes  (1820- 
1887),  a  Dutch  writer:  aids  reform 
movement  for  Dutch  East  Indies, 
20,  294 

Delacroix,  J.  P.  (1754-1794),  a  French 
statesman:  attacked  by  mob,  9,  284 

Delagoa  Bay,  Indian  Ocean:  present 
status  of,  19,  250 

Delaunay,  Jourdan  (1740-1789), 
French  soldier:  at  the  siege  of  the 
Bastile,  10,  63 

Delaware,  one  of  the  United  States, 
called  the  Blue  Hen  State,  the  Dia- 
mond State,  and  the  Musk  Rat 
State:  first  settlements,  23,  108; 
joined  to  Pennsylvania,  108;  Penn 
grants  separate  legislature,  112;  sta- 
tistics at  outbreak  of  Revolution, 
126;  status  of  society  at  outbreak 
of  the  Revolution,  132;  land  of 
Quakers  and  Lutherans,  149;  re- 
fuses to  surrender  power  of  regu- 
lating commerce,  311;  produce  from, 
taxed  by  Pennsylvania,  311;  fails  to 
pay  her  share  of  national  govern- 
ment expenses  (1781),  313;  chooses 
delegates  for  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, 322;  ratifies  the  Constitu- 
tion, 335;  opposes  Lincoln's  re- 
election, 24,  802;  Presidential  elec- 
tions (1868),  861;  (1892),  992; 
(1896),  1018 

Delaware,  Thomas  West,  Lord  (1577- 
1618) :  governor  of  Virginia,  23,  60 

Delaware  Indians:  tribe  of  North 
American  Indians:  belong  to  Algon- 


202 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


quian  stock,  23,  8;  negotiate  with 
Penn,  11 1 

Delaware  River,  United  States:  Wal- 
loons settle  on,  23,  102;  Washing- 
ton crosses,  247 

Delbred  (ca.  1799),  a  French  politi- 
cian: proposes  the  renewal  of  the 
oath  to  the  constitution  of  the  year 
III,  10,  414 

Delbriick,  Martin  Friederich  Rudolph 
(ca.  1873),  German  minister  of  com- 
merce: policy  of,  18,  443 

Delcasse,  Theophile  (1852 ),  min- 
ister of  Foreign  Affairs:  his  visit  to 
Russia,  15,  356 

Delessart,  Antoine  de  Valdec  (d. 
1792),  French  secretary  of  foreign 
affairs:  imprisoned,  10,  168 

De  Lesseps  Company:  see  Lesseps, 
Ferdinand  de 

Delhi,  India:  captured  by  Mohammed 
of  Ghor  (1193),  5,  95;  adorned  by 
Shah  Jahan,  120;  battle  of  (1398), 
104;  (1804),  136,  201;  sack  of  (1736), 
127;  siege  of  (1857),  237 

Delight  of  Mankind,  The:  see  Titus, 
Roman  Emperor 

Delisle,  Joseph  Nicholas  (1688-1768), 
a  French  astronomer:  mission  of, 
15,  114;  services  of,  195 

Delium,  Greece:  battle  of  (424  B.  C.)> 
2,  311 

Delia  Rocca,  General  (ca.  i860),  Ital- 
ian general:  in  the  war  against  the 
Papacy,  4,  381 

Delos,  one  of  the  Cyclades:  confed- 
eracy of,  2,  217;  strengthened  by 
Pericles,  238;  synod  and  treasury  of, 
removed  to  Athens,  241;  organiza- 
tion of,  257;  name  of  war  fund 
changed  on  account  of,  429;  as  a 
slave-market,  3,  172 

Delphi,  Greece:  oracle  of,  2,  11,  43; 
not  referred  to  in  Homeric  poems, 
33;  influence  on  colonization,  88; 
protected  by  Solon,  103;  ambiguity 
of,  123;  bribed  by  Cleomenes,  163; 
prophecies  of,  before  Persian  War, 
179;  attacked  by  Xerxes,  198;  seized 
by  the  Phocians,  460;  delivered  by 
Philip,  469 

De  Lucy,  Richard  (ca.  11 50),  English 
Justiciar,  11,  98 


Delvasto  (ca.  1550),  Italian  general: 
at  siege  of  Antwerp,  13,  149 

Delyanni,     Theodore     (1826 ),     a 

Greek  politician:  in  politics  of  mod- 
ern Greece,  2,  548 

Delzons,  Alexis  Joseph  (1775-18 12), 
French  general:  his  campaign 
against  Russia,  15,  244 

Demaratus,  King  of  Sparta,  510-491 
B.  C.:  reign  of,  2,  143,  163,  190 

Demarcation,  Bulls  of,  issued  (1493) 
in  struggle  between  Spain  and  Por- 
tugal over  the  Indies:  issued,  5,  146, 
21,  14,  23,  32;  false  interpretations 
of,  21,  39,  23,  46 

Dembinski,  Henryk  (1791-1864),  a  Po- 
lish general:  in  the  Hungarian  re- 
volt, 15,  301,  18,  401 

Demerara,  British  Guiana:  taken  by 
the  English,  20,  143 

Demes,  territorial  subdivisions  of  At- 
tica, 2,  145 

Demeter,  Greek  goddess  of  vegeta- 
tion, 2,  39 

Demetrius  Poliorcetes  (335-283  B.  C), 
Macedonian  general,  2,  513,  514 

Democracy: 
AMERICA:  principle  introduced, 
23,  62;  in  Plymouth  colony,  87;  in 
Massachusetts  Bay  colony,  88;  in 
the  New  England  colonies,  124; 
rise  of  democratic  party  (1824- 
1828),  459;  Jackson's  administration, 

477 

AUSTRALIA:  among  the  settlers, 
20,  190 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  in  Hun- 
gary, 17,  331,  332,  353;  in  the  diet 
(1848),  375 

CANADA:  organized  democracy, 
20,  150;  democratic  spirit  of  consti- 
tution, 172 

ENGLAND:  of  Eliot,  11,  329;  work 
of  Pym,  Hampden,  Holies  and 
Strode,  343;  the  commonwealth, 
362;  Declaration  of  Rights,  431; 
John  Wilkes,  508;  struggle  of,  1789- 
1827,  539;  growth  of,  581;  Reform 
Bill  (1832),  587;  of  the  Chartists, 
608 

FRANCE:  teaching  of  Rousseau, 
10,  15;  Jacobite  ideas,  128;  in  Na- 
tional Assembly,   155;  establishment 


GENERAL    INDEX 


of  First  Republic,  9,  278,  10,  215; 
victory  of  the  Jacobins  (1793),  10, 
254;  extreme  democracy  of  Robes- 
pierre and  Danton,  264;  during  the 
Reign  of  Terror,  272,  273,  297;  dur- 
ing Revolution,  9,  278,  10,  368,  20, 
138;  under  the  Directory,  10,  375, 
376;  in  1830,  9,  396;  spread  by  the 
journals,  404;  Second  Republic 
(1848),  435;  Third  Republic  (1870), 
467 

GERMANY:  liberal  ideas  promul- 
gated, 9,  373;  in  the  Universities, 
18,  394;  in  1848,  403;  growth  of 
democratic  party,  438 
GREECE:  reforms  of  Solon,  2,  104; 
at  Athens  (509  B.  C),  141;  Consti- 
tution of  Cleisthenes,  152;  in  Aegina 
173;  at  Athens  in  Age  of  Pericles, 
238,  256,  257;  in  Theban  cities,  245; 
in  cities  of  Confederacy  of  Delos, 
351;  at  Athens,  358;  efforts  to  lib- 
erate herself  from  Turkey,  9,  373 
HAYTI:  effect  of  French  Revolu 
tion,  22,  492 

IRELAND:  in  one  branch  of  Cath- 
olic party,  12,  199 

ITALY:  in  Greek  cities,  2,  221;  in 
the  Lombard  cities,  4,  186;  in  the 
republics  of  the  13th  century,  203; 
in  Austrian  provinces,  17,  327;  up- 
rising  in    Naples,   9,    373;    in    1830, 

397 

MEXICO:  republic  established 
(1824),  22,  258;  republic  reestab- 
lished (1867),  398 

NETHERLANDS:  at  beginning  of 
Revolution,  13,  85;  declaration  of 
independence,  134;  effect  of  Ameri- 
can Revolution,  257;  during  French 
Revolution,  266,  272 
POLAND:  in  1830,  9,  397 
ROME:  reforms  of  Cato,  3,  158; 
after  death  of  Sulla,  255;  under  1st 
coalition,  267;  restoration  of,  279, 
280 

SICILY:  in  Greek  cities,  2,  221 
SOUTH  AMERICA:  under  Simon 
Bolivar,  21,  58;  Colombia,  69;  Para- 
guay, 69,  147;  Argentine  Republic 
120;  Uruguay,  137;  Brazil,  253;  ef- 
fect of  American  and  French  Revo 
lutions,  266 


SWITZERLAND:  at  Geneva 
(i737),  13,  498,  500;  effect  of  French 
Revolution,  10,  399,  13,  503,  506;  in 
Zurich  (1838),  13,  542;  in  the  va- 
rious states,  564 

WEST  INDIES:  outbreaks  in  Ja- 
maica, 20,  139;  Republic  of  Cuba 
(1902),  22,  471 

Democratic  Party,  in  the  United 
States:  origin,  23,  434;  rise  of,  459; 
followers  of  Jackson,  498,  501;  sec- 
ond national  convention,  509;  con- 
vention at  Baltimore  (1840),  24, 
522;  pleased  with  Tyler,  529;  con- 
ventions at  Baltimore  (1844),  536; 
(1848),  555;  (1852),  619;  at  Cincin- 
nati (1856),  652;  dissension  due  to 
Lecompton  policy,  663;  disruption 
of  Northern  and  Southern  Demo- 
crats, 679;  conventions  at  Baltimore 
(i860),  682;  at  New  York  (1868), 
858;  theories  of,  sustained  by  Chief 
Justice  Chase,  859;  regains  control 
in  Southern  States,  873,  932;  con- 
ventions at  Baltimore  (1872),  892; 
at  St.  Louis  (1876),  908;  at  Cincin- 
nati (1880),  930;  at  Chicago  (1884), 
944;  tariff  issue  of  1888,  963;  plat- 
form in  1888,  966;  "  landslide  elec- 
tion "  of  1890,  975;  convention  at 
Chicago  (1892),  989;  platform 
(1892),  990;  absorbs  Populists,  1012; 
convention  at  Chicago  (1896),  1012; 
platform  (1900),  1038;  convention  at 
St.  Louis  (1904),  1064 

Democrats,  in  the  French  Revolution: 
system  of,  10,  297;  revolutionary 
power  of,  325;  reestablish  their  club 
at  the  Pantheon,  375;  their  society 
closed  by  the  directory,  376;  last 
attempt  and  final  defeat  of,  378; 
elections  of  the  year  VI,  400;  of  the 
year  VII,  403 

Democrats,  Gold,  in  United  States  his- 
tory those  Democrats  who  were  op- 
posed to  free  silver:  convention  at 
Indianapolis  (1896),  24,  1015 

Demon  of  the  South,  The:  see  Philip 
II,  King  of  Spain 

Demosthenes  (d.  413  B.  C),  Athenian 
general:  his  campaign  in  the  Pelo- 
ponnesus, 2,  300,  301;  fortifies  Pylos, 
302;  takes  Sphacteria,  307;   sent  to 


204 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Sicily,  342;  captured,  346;  slain,  347 

Demosthenes  (385-322  B.  C),  Athen- 
ian orator,  2,  464;  Olynthiac  ora- 
tions of,  466;  sent  on  embassy  to 
Pella,  467;  political  activity  of,  469; 
travels  in  Peloponnesus,  470;  urges 
the  Athenians  to  war,  472;  per- 
suades the  Thebans  to  war,  476; 
stirs  up  Greece  against  Alexander, 
485;  incites  revolt,  512 

Demosthenes,  The  High-born:  see 
William  the  Silent 

Demosthenes  of  America,  The:  see 
Webster,  Daniel 

Demosthenes  of  France,  The:  see 
Mirabeau,  Gabriel  Honor e  Riquetti, 
Count 

Denain,  France:  battle  of  (1712),  9, 
224,  11,  463 

Denby,  Charles  (1 830-1 904),  Ameri- 
can lawyer:  minister  to  China,  6 
298;  member  of  Philippine  commis- 
sion, 24,  1042 

Dendermonde  Conference,  The,  be- 
tween William  of  Orange  and  his 
nobles  (1566),  13,  100 

Denina,  Carlo  (1731-1813),  Italian 
historian  and  priest:  sketch  of,  4, 
409 

Denis,  Saint  (d.  272  A.  D.),  patron 
saint  of  France,  called  the  Apostle 
of  France  and  the  Apostle  of  the 
Gauls:  martyred,  9,  12 

Denison,  Sir  William  Thomas,  Gov- 
ernor-general of  India,  December  2, 
1863-January  12,  1864:  administra- 
tion of,  5,  245 

Denmark,  a  kingdom  in  northern 
Europe:  legendary  history  of,  16 
16;  consolidation  of,  20,  22;  Adam 
of  Bremen's  description  of,  61;  un- 
der the  Estridsens,  67;  under  the 
Valdemars,  80;  at  the  close  of  the 
Middle  Ages,  141;  Sweden  dissolves 
union  with,  154;  benevolent  despot- 
ism in,  230;  in  the  age  of  political 
revolution,  247;  allied  with  Russia 
(1760),  14,  322;  withdraws  support 
from  Russia,  360;  treaty  with  China 
(1870),  6,  221;  approves  cession  of 
St.  Thomas,  24,  879;  concludes 
treaty  with  Japan,  7,  189;  consti- 
tutional government  in,   16,  288 


Dennewitz,  Germany:  battle  of 
(1813),  9,  343,  18,  384 

Deogiri,  India:  captured  by  Ala-ud- 
din,  5,  99;  captured  by  Malik  Kafur, 
100 

Departments,  districts  of  France:  in- 
surrection of  the,   10,  267 

Dependent  Pension  Bill,  a  bill  allow- 
ing $12  per  month  to  all  who  had 
served  in  the  Civil  War  as  long  as 
90  days:  vetoed  by  President  Cleve- 
land, 24,  952;  effect  on  election 
(1890),  975 

Depew,  Chauncey  Mitchell  (1834 
),  an  American  lawyer  and  poli- 
tician:  agitated  for   Presidency,  24, 

965 
Deposed  Rulers: 
B.  C. 

1090.     Herhor  of  Egypt,  1,  29 
Terhakah  of  Egypt,  1,  30 
Peisistratus  of  Athens,  2,  no 
Pausanias  of  Sparta,  2,  398 
Nektanebos,  1,  33 
Darius  of  Persia,  2,  497 
Demetrius  of  Macedon,  3,  76 


670. 

558. 

395- 

343- 

331. 

287. 

A.  D. 

456.     Childeric,  King  of  the  Franks, 

9,  17 

912.     Charles  the  Simple,  9,  54 
945.     Muiz  ad-Daula,  1,  366 
1010.     Mohammed  of  Toledo,  8,  138 
1037.     Archbishop  Herebert  of  Mi- 
lan, 18,  127 
1061.     Andrew,    King    of    Hungary, 

17,  Si 

1 142.     Emperor  Sutoku  of  Japan,  7, 

56 
1152.     Dermot    MacMurrogh,    King 

of  Leinster,  12,  48 
1236.     Frederick    the    Quarrelsome, 

Duke  of  Austria,  18,  164 
1240.     Raziya,  5,  97 

Frederick  II,  4,  205 

Edward    II    of    England,    II, 


I24S- 
1327. 

155 
i33i. 

7,i 
1399- 

186 
1435. 
1439- 


Emperor    Godaigo   of  Japan, 

Richard    II    of   England,    II, 

Pope  Eugenius  IV,  4,  224 
King  Erik  VII  of  Denmark, 


Norway,  and  Sweden,  16,  129 


GENERAL    INDEX 


205 


1445.     Mohammed  VIII  of  Spain,  8, 

119 
1512.     Bayezid    II    of    Turkey,    14, 

117 

1568.  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  11,  274 

1569.  Aben  Humeya,  8,  370 

1569.     Erik  XIV  of  Sweden,  16,  163 
1622.     Othman    II    of    Turkey,    14, 
213 

1648.  Ibrahim  of  Turkey,  14,  227 

1649.  Charles  I  of  England,  IX,  361 
1667.     Alfonso    VI    of    Portugal,    8, 

468 

1687.  Mohammed  IV  of  Turkey, 
14,  251 

1688.  James  II  of  England,  II,  430 
1771.     Ali  Bey  of  Egypt,  1,  37 
1792.     Louis  XVI  of  France,  8,  482, 

9,  269,  10,   198 
1798.     Charles   Emanuel   II   of  Sar- 
dinia, 4,  344,  9,  307 
1798.     Pope  Pius  VI,  9,  307 
1806.     Prince    Morutzi    and    Prince 

Ipsilanti,  14,  396 
1806.     Ferdinand  of  Naples,  10,  467 
1808.     Charles  IV  of  Spain,  8,  486, 
9,  332,  10,  47s,  20,  142 

1808.  Mustapha  of  Turkey,  14,  401 

1809.  Pope  Pius  VII,  9,  337 

1814.  Napoleon  I,  Emperor  of  the 
French,  8,  486,  9,  350,  10,  494,  11, 
566,  18,  388 

1815.  Napoleon  I  (second  time), 
8,  487,  532,  9,  365,  10,  502,  11,  568, 
18,  390 

1840.     Maria   Christina  of  Spain,  9, 

418 
1848.     Pope  Pius  IX,  4,  365 
1851.     Diego    Noboa,    president    of 

Ecuador,  21,  no 
1858.     Prince        Alexander        Kara- 

georgevitch,  14,  465 
1863.     King  Otho  of  Greece,  2,  546 
1868.     Isabella  II  of  Spain,  9,  461 
1870.     Napoleon    III    of    France,    9, 

466 
Depretis,   Agostino    (1813-1887),    Ital- 
ian statesman:  head  of  Italian  gov- 
ernment, 4,  397 
Derar  (7th  century  A.  D.),  an  Arabian 
warrior:  attacks  Turks,  1,  271 


Derbent,  Russia:  surrenders  to  Peter 
(1722),  15,  79 

Derby,  Edward  Geoffrey  Smith  Stan- 
ley, Earl  of:  see  Stanley,  Edward 
Geoffrey  Smith,  Earl  of  Derby 

Derby,  Henry,  Earl  of:  see  Henry  IV, 
King  of  England 

Dercyllidas  (ca.  399  B.  C),  Spartan 
general,  2,  391,  401 

De  Romanov  (ca.  1808),  a  Russian 
diplomat:  minister  for  Russia,  14, 
404  ^ 

Derqui,  Santiago,  a  South  American 
statesman:  president  of  Argentina, 
1868,  21,  129;  flees  from  Argentina, 
130 

Derry  (Londonderry),  Ireland:  siege 
of  (1689),  12,  134 

Dervishes,  Revolt  of  the:  a  revolt  of 
the  dervishes  of  Europe  and  Asia 
against  the  Sultan   (1420),   14,  57 

Derwentwater,  James  Radcliffe,  Earl 
of  (1689-1716),  an  English  Catholic 
nobleman:  supports  claims  of  the 
Old  Pretender,  12,  362 

Derzhavin,  Gabriel  Romanovitch 
(1714-1816),  a  Russian  lyric  poet: 
account  of,  15,  193,  269 

Deshnev,  Simon,  a  Russian  explorer 
in  Arctic  regions:  explorations  of, 
16,  305 

Desiderius  (Didier),  King  of  Italy, 
756-774  A.  D.:  reign  of,  4,  173;  war 
with  Charlemagne,  9,  41,  18,  79 

Desmond,  Thomas  Fitzgerald,  Earl 
of:  see  Fitzgerald,  Thomas,  Earl  of 
Desmond 

Desmoulins,  Benoit  Camille  (1760- 
1794),  a  French  revolutionist:  in- 
duces populace  to  arm  against  court 
party,  9,  263,  270,  10,  56;  leader  of 
the  Cordelier  club,  9,  272,  10,  128; 
his  character,  10,  286;  expelled  from 
the  Jacobins,  289;  death  of,  9,  288, 
10,  294 

Desor,  Edouard  (1811-1882),  a  Swiss 
scientist:   sketch  of,   13,  584 

De  Soto,  Hernando:  see  Soto,  Her- 
nando de 

De  Sousa  (ca.  1889),  an  African  half- 
caste:  sketch  of,  19,  226 


206 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Despans  of  Cubieres  (19th  century),  a 
peer  of  France:  scandal  concerning, 
9,  428 

Despenser,  Hugh  le,  Earl  of  Winches- 
ter (1262-1326),  an  English  court 
favorite;  exiled  by  Parliament,  11, 
154;  executed,  155 

Despenser,  Hugh  le  (d.  1326),  son  of 
Hugh  le  Despenser,  Earl  of  Win- 
chester: exiled  by  Parliament,  II, 
154;  executed,  155 

Dessalines,  Jean  Jacques  (1758-1806), 
a  negro  revolutionist  of  Hayti,  em- 
peror of  Hayti,  1804-1806:  leads  war 
against  French,  20,  140;  accession 
of,  10,  445,  20,  141,  22,  493 

Dessau,  Germany:  battle  of  (1626), 
18,  275 

Desseffoy,  Joseph  (ca.  1815),  Hunga- 
rian member  of  Austrian  diet:  ex- 
cluded from  the  diet,  17,  336 

Dessolle,  Jean  Joseph  Paul  Augustin, 
Marquis  (1767-1828),  a  French  gen- 
eral and  politician:  ministry  of,  9, 
370;  made  member  of  Louis 
XVIII's  council,  355 

Destiny,  Stone  of:  see  Stone  of  Des- 
tiny 

Destiny,  The  Man  of:  see  Napoleon 
(I)  Bonaparte 

Detmold,  Germany:  battle  of  (783  A. 
D.),  18,  82 

Detroit,  Michigan,  called  the  City  of 
the  Straits:  in  French  claims,  23, 
•  168;  besieged  by  Indians,  200;  given 
up  by  England,  362;  surrendered  by 
Hull,  20,  154,  23,  420;  Harrison  re- 
captures, 23,  425 

Dettingen,  Bavaria:  battle  of  (1743), 
9,  238,  13,  255,  18,  330 

Deuntzer,  J.  H.,  premier  of  Denmark, 
1901:  ministry  of,  16,  290 

Deutscher  Bund:  see  German  Confed- 
eration, The 

Devay  (ca.  1548),  a  Lutheran  reform- 
er: his  work  in  Hungary,  17,  221 

Devens,  Charles,  an  American  politi- 
cian: Attorney-General  (1877),  24, 
916 

Devlet  Ghirai,  Khan  of  Crimea,  ca. 
1710:  urges  war  upon  Russia,  14, 
276 


Devlet  Ghirai,  Khan  of  the  Crimea,  ca. 
1769:  succeeds  Krim  Ghirai,  14,  323, 
345 

Devon,  Earl  of  (ca.  1843) :  commis- 
sioned to  inquire  into  grievances  of 
Irish  tenants,  11,  604 

Devon  Commission,  a  commission  ap- 
pointed by  Peel  to  investigate  con- 
ditions of  the  tenants  in  Ireland 
(1843),  11,  604,  12,  238  note 

Devonshire,  William  Cavendish,  1st 
Duke  of  (1640-1707),  an  English 
nobleman:  joins  William  III,  11, 
429 

Devonshire,  William  Cavendish,  4th 
Duke  of  (1720-1764),  English  states- 
man: becomes  First  Lord  of  the 
Treasury,  11,  497 

Dewey,  George,  an  American  naval 
officer:  born  at  Montpelier,  Ver- 
mont, December  26,  1837;  graduated 
from  the  naval  academy  at  Annapo- 
lis, 1858;  served  on  thz  steam  fri- 
gate "  Wabash,"  Mediterranean 
squadron,  1858-1S61;  on  the  sloop- 
of-war  "  Mississippi,"  West  Gulf 
squadron,  1861-1862,  when  that  ves- 
sel was  destroyed  during  the  battle 
of  Port  Hudson;  afterward. 3  was 
on  several  vessels  of  tho  North  At- 
lantic squadron;  was  commissioned 
lieutenant,  1861;  commander,  1872; 
captain,  1884;  commodore,  1896; 
took  command  of  the  Asiatic  squad- 
ron, January,  1898;  completely  de- 
stroyed the  Spanish  Asiatic  squad- 
ron, in  Manila  Bay,  May  I,  1898; 
upon  receipt  of  official  news  of  this 
victory,  was  made  rear  admiral  and 
thanked  by  act  of  Congress;  was  a 
member  of  the  Philippine  Commis- 
sion, 1899;  commissioned  admiral, 
March  2,  1899;  lives,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

At  battle  of  Manila  Bay,  8,  520, 
20,  315,  22,  458,  24,  1028;  commands 
Asiatic  Squadron,  24,  1028;  member 
of  the  Philippine  Commission,  1042 

De  Witte:  see  Witte 

Dhanis  Mutiny,  The,  revolt  of  natives 
in  Africa  (1897),  19,  254 

Dhulip  Singh  (ca.   i860),  native  ruler 


GENERAL    INDEX 


207 


in  India:  recognized  as  raja  in  In- 
dia, 5,  221 
Dhu  Nuwas,  King  of  Arabia,  ca.  525 
A.  D. :  persecutes  the  Christians,  1, 
187;  overthrown  by  the  Abyssinians, 

415 
Diamond,  Battle  of  the  (1795),  12,  205 
Diamond  State,  The:  see  Delaware 
Dias,  Count  Diego  (ca.  1230),  a  Span- 
ish   noble:    takes    up    arms    against 
accession  of  Ferdinand  III  of  Cas- 
tile, 8,  151 
Dias  de  Haro,  Lope  (d.  1288),  Spanish 

noble:  career  of,  8,  157 
Diaz   (ca.   1868),  a   Cuban   revolution- 
ist:   leads    Cuban    insurrection,    20, 

327 

Diaz,  Bartholomew  (1445-1500),  Por- 
tuguese navigator:  rounds  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  5,  144,  8,  323,  19,  18 
23,  25 

Diaz,  Diego  (ca.  1500),  a  Portuguese 
navigator:  discovers  Madagascar, 
19,  211 

Diaz,  Dinis  (ca.  1445),  a  Portuguese 
explorer  in  Africa:  explorations  of, 

19,  17 
Diaz,  Enrique   (ca.   1654),  a  Brazilian 
negro       patriot:       leads       rebellion 
against   foreign   rule   in    Brazil,   21, 

33 

Diaz,  Juan,  Mexican  licentiate:  labors 
for  the  conversion  of  the  Aztecs,  22, 
12 

Diaz,  Luciano,  Cuban  statesman:  a 
member  of  cabinet   (1902),  22,  468 

Diaz,  Porfirio   (1830 ),  a  Mexican 

general  and  statesman:  his  cam- 
paign against  the  French,  22,  385; 
at  the  capitulation  of  Mexico  (1863), 
387;  sketch  of,  398;  candidate  for 
the  presidency  (1870),  401;  his  ad- 
ministration as  president  of  Mexico, 
404;   second  administration  of,  409 

Diaz  del  Castillo,  Bernal  (1498-1593), 
a  Spanish  soldier  and  author: 
quoted  on  the  capture  of  Mexico, 
22,  61 

Dicasteries,  The  Athenian,  judicial  tri- 
bunals, 2,  149,  252 

Diceto  de,  Ralph:  see  Ralph  de  Diceto 

Dicho,  Irish  chief  (ca.  430  A.  D.): 
conversion  of,  12,  28 


Dick,  Indolent:  see  Cromwell,  Richard 

Dick,  Queen:  see  Cromwell,  Richard 

Dickens,  Charles  (1812-1870),  English 
novelist,  11,  612 

Dickens,  Guy  (ca.  1750),  English  min- 
ister: his  description  of  the  court  of 
Elizabeth,  15,  142 

Dickinson,  John  (1 732-1808),  an 
American  statesman  and  orator: 
uses  his  eloquence  in  favor  of  re- 
bellion, 23,  216;  delegate  to  first 
Continental  Congress,  223;  opposes 
a  declaration  of  independence,  240; 
supposed  author  of  the  Articles  of 
Confederation,  300 

Dickon  of  the  Broom:  see  Richard  (I) 
Cceur  de  Lion 

Dictator,  temporary  supreme  officer  in 
Rome:  powers  of,  3,  31;  opened  to 
the  plebeians,  49 

Dictator  of  Letters,  The:  see  Voltaire 

Dicuil  (ca.  825  A.  D.),  Irish  monk  and 
geographer:  writes  of  Thule,  16,  298 

Diderot,  Denis  (1712-1784),  French 
philosopher  and  savant:  aids  Cath- 
erine, IS,  159;  receives  the  Princess 
Dashkov,  162;  Catherine's  relations 
with,  197 

Didier:  see  Desiderius 

Didius  (ca.  100  B.  C),  Roman  praetor: 
defeated  by  Sertorius,  8,  20 

Diebitsch  Sabalkanski,  Count  Ivan 
Ivanovitch  (1785-1831),  Russian 
general:  treaty  with  York,  15,  256, 
18,  381;  his  campaign  against  Tur- 
key, 14,  62,  428,  15,  284;  in  the  Po- 
lish insurrection,  15,  294;  death  of, 

295 
Diedrich,  Admiral  von,  German  naval 

commander:     attempts    to     send     a 

warship  into  the  harbor  of  Manila 

(1898),  24,  1035 
Diego,  Italy:  battle  of  (1796),  9,  298 
Diego,    Prince    of    Viseo    (ca.    1450), 

Spanish     noble:     schemes     for    the 

throne  of  Portugal,  8,  320 
Diego    Alguazil    (ca.     1550),    Spanish 

rebel:  plots  ruin  of  Mohammed  ben 

Humeya,  8,  370 
Diego  Gomez,  Don  (ca.   1100),  Span- 
ish noble:  at  battle  of  Sepulveda,  8, 

144 
Diego  Lopez  ben  Aboo    (Muley  Ab- 


208 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


dalla)  (ca.  1550),  Spanish  rebel: 
leads  Morisco  reolt,  8,  367;  sub- 
mits, 369;  again  joins  the  rebels, 
370;  acknowledged  as  chief  of  the 
Moriscos,  370 

Diego  Nunez  (ca.  950  A.  D.),  Spanish 
count:  revolt  of,  8,  136 

Diego  Suarez,  Madagascar:  ceded  to 
France,  20,  278 

Diepold  of  Lobkovitz:  see  Lobkovitz, 
Diepold  of 

Diepolt  (ca.  1150),  Czech  prince:  re- 
gent of  Bohemia,  17,  66 

Dieppe,  France:  importance  of,  in  the 
middle  ages,  19,  15 

Dieskau,  Ludwig  August  von  (d. 
1767),  German  officer  in  French 
service:  defeated  and  mortally 
wounded,  23,  123 

Dietrich,  Count  of  Holland  (ca.  1050) : 
revolt  of,  18,  130 

Dietrichstein,  Franz  (1570-1636),  Ger 
man  prince:  his  rule  as  governor, 
of  Moravia,  17,  209 

Diets: 

1 132.     Arad,  17,  53 
1245.     Verona,  17,  94 
1388.     Oslo,  16,  120 
1397.     Temesvar,  17,  155 
1405.     Buda,  17,  155 
1413.     Hrodlo,  15,  379 

1431.  Nuremberg,  17,  135 

1432.  Prague,  17,  136 

1433.  Prague,  17,  137 
1435.     Holmstadt,  16,  128 
1435.     Presburg,  17,  156 
1444.     Rakos,  17,  159 
1453.     Buda,  17,  160 
1495.     Worms,  18,  226 

1521.     Worms,  13,  55,  18,  240 

1526.  Vadstena,  16,  155 

1527.  Vesteraas,  16,  155 

1529.  Speyer,  18,  246 

1530.  Augsburg,  18,  248 
1532.     Nuremberg,  18,  249 
1555.     Augsburg,  9,  147 
1569.     Lublin,  15,  379 
1630-1631.     Ratisbon,  9,  187,  190 
1788-1793.     Grodno,  15,  189 
1797.     Aarau,  13,  509 

1809.  Borga,  15,  217 
1818.  Poland,  15,  263 
1820.     Poland,  15,  268 


1825-1829.     Presburg,  17,  294 
1831.     Balogli,  17,  339 
1836.     Beszeredy,  17,  352 
1847.     Berne,  13,  551 

Dietzmann  (ca.  1300),  Count  of  Thu- 
ringia:  quarrels  with  his  father,  18, 
183;  defeats  Albert  I  of  Germany, 
184 

Diez,  Johann:  see  Tetzel,  Johann 

Dig,  India:  battle  of  (1804),  5,  136 

Digby,  John  (1580-1653),  English 
lord:  his  mission  to  Vienna,  II,  316 

Dijon,  France:  siege  of  (1513),  9,  135 

Dilemite  Dynasty,  Persian  rulers,  ca. 
900  A.  D.:  reign  of,  5,  328 

Dilke,  Sir  Charles  (1843 ),  Eng- 
lish Commoner:  brings  charges 
against  the  administration  in  Congo 
Free  State,  19,  254 

Dillon,  John  (1850 ),  Irish  patriot: 

reads  Mitchell's  speech  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  12,  232;  leads 
Anti-Parnellite  majority,  242  note 

Dillon,  John  Blake  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Irish  patriot:  founds  "The 
Nation,"  12,  226,  228 

Dillon,  Theobald  (1745-1792),  French 
marshal:  ordered  to  advance  upon 
Tournai,  10,  173 

Dimick,  Justin  (ca.  1850),  American 
commander:  in  the  Mexican  War, 
22,  346 

Dingley,  Nelson  (1832-1899),  Ameri- 
can legislator:  introduces  a  tariff 
bill,  24,  1019 

Dinis,  King  of  Portugal,  1279-1325: 
reign  of,  8,  282 

Dinner  Bell,  The:  see  Burke,  Edmund 

Dinwiddie,  Robert  (1 690-1 770),  Scotch 
colonist:  claims  under  Indian  treat- 
ies, 23,  170;  sends  Washington  to 
warn  French  fort,  170 

Diocletian  (245-313  A.  D.),  Emperor 
of  Rome,  284-305  A.  D. :  reign  of,  2, 
522,  526,  4,  112,  113;  persecutes 
Christians,  8,  31;  policy  in  Austro- 
Hungarian  countries,  17,  14;  divides 
the  empire,  II,  14 

Diodotus  (ca.  400  B.  C),  Athenian 
orator:  opposes  Cleon,  2,  295 

Diomedes,  legendary  Greek  hero:  in 
Homer,  2,  33 

Dion     (410-353     B.     C),     Syracusan 


GENERAL    INDEX 


209 


statesman:  expels  Dionysius  II,  2, 
416;  banished  and  killed,  416 

Dionysius  the  Elder  (430-367  B.  C.)» 
Tyrant  of  Syracuse,  406-367  B.  C: 
reign  of,  2,  410;  founds  Syracusan 
colonies  on  Illyrian  coast,  3,  57; 
contest  with  Carthage  for  suprem- 
acy, 93;  his  death,  2,  415 

Dionysius  the  Younger,  Tyrant  of 
Syracuse,  367-344  B.  C.:  his  reign, 
2,  415;  exiled,  416;  at  Corinth,  417 

Dionysus,  Greek  god  of  wine,  2,  39 

Diopeithes  (ca.  344  B.  C.)>  Athenian 
general,  2,  472 

Diospolis:  see  Thebes 

Dipa  Negara,  Java:  revolt  of,  20,  288 

Directory,  The,  the  body  of  five  men 
who  held  the  executive  power  in 
France,  1795-1799:  created,  9,  296, 
*<>,  3535  duration  of,  and  powers  of 
its  members,  353;  first  composition 
of,  361;  wretched  condition  of,  in 
the  Luxembourg,  370;  its  division 
of  labor,  370;  its  address  to  its 
agents,  371;  attempts  to  revive  paper 
money,  372;  proposes  mandats  ter- 
ritoriaux,  372;  attacked  by  the  royal- 
ists and  democrats,  375;  changes  in, 
385;  determines  to  attack  the  legis- 
lative majority,  391;  removes  the 
place  of  sittings  of  the  councils,  391; 
its  message  explaining  the  reason 
of  its  measures,  392;  the  act  of  os- 
tracism, 392;  returns  to  the  revolu- 
tionary government,  395;  its  con- 
dition makes  war  its  only  support, 
395;  its  unavowed  object  in  the  ex- 
pedition to  Egypt,  397;  annuls  the 
democratic  elections  of  the  year 
VI,  400;  disorganized  by  the  coun- 
cils, 403;  two  new  parties  in,  405; 
reorganized,  406;  end  of,  412 

Dirk,  Count  (ninth  century),  governor 
of  Friesland,  ca.  1018:  founds  Dor- 
drecht, 13,  24 

"Discovery,"  an  English  vessel:  car- 
ries settlers  to  Virginia,  23,  57 

Discovery  and  Exploration: 

AFRICA:  by  Phoenicians,  19,  5;  by 
the  Romans  along  the  Nile  (60  A. 
D.),  10;  by  the  Arabs  in  14th  cen- 
tury, 12;  along  the  west  coast  by 
Italians,   15;  by  the  Portuguese,   8, 


328,  19,  15,  20,  33,  35;  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  by  Diaz,  5,  144;  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  by  Vasco  da  Gama,  8,  325, 
20,  39,  31,  14,  23,  25;  by  the  Eng- 
lish, 19,  28,  50;  by  Livingstone,  47; 
of  Lake  Tanganyika,  53;  of  Victoria 
Nyanza,  by  Speke,  53;  of  Albert 
Nyanza,  by  Baker,  55;  by  Von  der 
Decken,  54;  by  Stanley,  59,  64,  66, 
68;  by  De  Brazza,  71;  by  the  Ger- 
mans, 89,  139,  143,  178;  of  Niger 
basin,  147;  by  the  French,  147,  151, 
161,  201;  from  the  Cameroons,  165; 
under  Lugard,  192;  under  British 
East  African  Company,  204;  expe- 
dition to  Mashonaland,  229 
AMERICA,  NORTH:  by  Scandina- 
vians, 16,  44,  21,  3,  23,  19;  Green- 
land, by  Gunnibiorn,  21,  3;  by  Co- 
lumbus, 8,  186,  16,  300,  19,  19,  23, 
31;  Newfoundland,  by  Cabots 
(1497),  5,  156,  19,  19;  Florida  by 
Ponce  de  Leon,  23,  38;  Carolinas 
by  Vasquez  de  Ayllon,  38;  of  Mis- 
sissippi River  by  De  Soto,  23,  42; 
by  Verazzano,  20,  49,  81;  voyages 
of  Henry  Hudson,  16,  304;  St.  Law- 
rence River,  by  Cartier,  20,  49,  81, 
23,  46;  Islands  of  St.  John,  New- 
foundland, and  coast  of  Labrador, 
by  John  Cabot,  20,  49,  84,  21,  15, 
23,  34;  St.  John's  River  by  Jean 
Ribaut,  23,  47;  by  the  English,  51; 
Labrador  by  Gilbert,  52;  New  Eng- 
land'by  Bartholomew  Gosnold,  Mar- 
tin Pring,  and  George  Weymouth, 
54;  Mississippi  River  by  La  Salle, 
20,  85;  Alaska  by  Bering,  305; 
of  California,  22,  73,  143;  explora- 
tion of  West  by  Lewis  and  Clark, 
23,  400,  542;  of  West  by  Zebulon 
Pike,  23,  401;  Columbia  River  by 
Captain  Gray,  541;  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, by  John  C.  Fremont,  23,  654 
AMERICA,  SOUTH:  by  Christo- 
pher Columbus,  20,  38,  21,  12,  23, 
33;  by  Cabral,  8,  326,  459,  20,  43,  21, 
15;  by  Sebastian  Cabot,  20,  92;  of 
Magellan,  8,  331,  332;  by  Rodrigo  de 
Bastidas  and  Juan  de  la  Cosa,  21, 
16;  by  Juan  Diaz  de  Solis  and 
Yaiiez  Pinzon,  16;  by  Pedro  Arias 
de  Avila,  17;  by  Diaz  de  Solis,  17; 


210 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Orinoco  River  by  Diego  de  Ordaz, 
25;  under  John  VI,  165;  voyages 
of  Drake  (1577),  II,  290;  along  the 
Orinoco  by  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  312 
ARCTIC  REGIONS:  main  treat- 
ment, 16,  295;  Pytheas  (3rd  cen- 
tury B.  C.)>  298;  of  the  Norsemen, 
300;  of  Willoughby  (1533),  300;  the 
Muscovy  Company,  301;  by  Fro- 
bisher,  23,  52;  expedition  of  Willem 
Barents,  16,  302;  Henry  Hudson 
(1607),  303;  of  Hudson  Bay  by  Luke 
Fox  and  Captain  James,  305;  of 
Bering  Strait  by  Vitus  Bering 
(1728),  305;  Liakhov  in  Siberian 
Ocean  (1777),  306 

ASIA:  of  Alexander  the  Great,  2, 
502 

ENGLAND:  of  Pytheas  and  Pose- 
donius,  II,  5 

INDIA:  Vasco  da  Gama,  5,  138,  8, 
434;  of  Jenkinson  (1558),  5,  140;  of 
Marco  Polo,  Nicolo  Conti  and  Nik- 
itin,   141;   of   Portuguese,   5,   142,  8, 
329;  of  Thomas  Stevens   (1579),  5, 
156;  exploration  of  Tibet,  378 
ITALY:  of  Phoenicians,  3,  25 
MEXICO:  by  Cortez,  23,  39 
NEW  SPAIN:  by  Juan  de  Grijalva, 

22,  4,  23,  38;  Isthmus  of  Panama 
and  Pacific  Ocean  by  Vasco  Nunez 
de  Balboa,  21,  16,  23,  36 
NORWAY:  of  Spitzbergen  by  Rijp 
and  Heemskirk,  13,  167 
PACIFIC  ISLANDS:  New  Zea- 
land, New  Holland,  Sandwich 
Islands  and  western  coast  of  North 
America,  20,  123;  Philippine 
Islands,  by  Magellan,  20,  51,  23,  37 
WEST  INDIES:  by  Christopher 
Columbus,  20,  37,  21,  6,  7,  22,  491, 

23,  3i 

YUCATAN:  by  Columbus,  Pinzon, 
Grijalva  and  Cortez,  22,  423 

Disestablishing  Act,  the  act  disestab- 
lishing and  disendowing  the  Irish 
Church   (1868),  12,  238  note 

Disraeli,  Benjamin,  Earl  of  Beacons- 
field,  an  English  statesman  and  au- 
thor: born  in  London,  December  21, 
1805;  produced  his  first  novel,  1826; 
was  elected  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, 1837;  became  one  of  the  lead- 


ers of  the  Young  England  party 
about  1841;  was  the  acknowledged 
leader  of  the  Protectionist  party 
about  1848;  was  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  1852,  1858-1859,  and 
1866-1868;  author  of  the  Reform 
Bill  of  1867;  was  Premier,  1868,  and 
1874-1880;  was  created  Earl  of  Bea- 
consfield,  1876;  was  plenipotentiary 
at  the  Congress  of  Berlin,  1878;  died 
at  London,  April  19,  1881 

Becomes  leader  of  opposition 
party,  11,  605;  defeats  Peel  minis- 
try, 606;  made  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  609;  introduces  a  Re- 
form Bill  (1851),  621;  first  ministry 
of,  625;  second  ministry  of,  628;  ef- 
fect of  Bulgarian  massacres  on  pol- 
icy of,  14,  477;  his  view  of  the 
Treaty  of  San  Stefano,  487;  foreign 
policy  of,  15,  337;  his  Afghan  pol- 
icy, 5,  256 

District  of  Columbia,  the  federal  dis- 
trict which  contains  the  capital  of 
the  United  States:  building  of 
Washington,  23,  380;  center  of  do- 
mestic slave  trade,  24,  570;  Quakers 
petition  for  abolition  of  slavery  in, 
572;  Compromise  of  1850  and,  601; 
slavery  abolished,  609 

Ditmarshers  (Marshmen),  inhabitants 
of  Ditmarsh  in  Prussia:  revolt  of 
the,  16,  .138;  Frederick  II  at  war 
with  the,  196 

Diu,  India:  battles  of  (1509),  5,  148; 
(1546),  151;  sieges  of  (1529),  8,  434; 
(1537),  435;  (1538),  5,  150;  under 
Portuguese  rule,  20,  298 

Divan,  The,  Turkish  council,  14,  369 

Divico  (ca.  107  B.  C),  Helvetian  gen- 
eral: leads  revolts  of  Helvetii,  3, 
193;  defeats  the  Romans,  13,  329 

Dix,  John  Adams  (1798-1879),  Ameri- 
can statesman  and  general:  member 
of  Buffalo  convention  (1848),  24, 
558;  telegraphs  to  a  New  Orleans 
customs  officer,  715 

Dixon  (ca.  1798),  an  Irish  insur- 
gent: in  the  Rebellion  of  1798,  12, 
211 

Dixon,  Archibald,  United  States  Sen- 
ator, 1853:  proposes  repeal  of  Mis- 
souri Compromise,  24,  633 


GENERAL    INDEX 


211 


Djala-ud-din  (ca.  1220),  Persian  ruler: 
death  of,  5,  334 

Djem,  Prince  (ca.  1480),  a  Turkish 
poet,  son  of  Mohammed  II:  account 
of,  14,  107;  buried  at  Brusa,  113 

Djenguiz  Khan:  see  Genghis  Khan 

Djezzar  Pasha  (18th  century):  rebel- 
lion of,  14,  366;  commands  Syrian 
forces  against  France,  381;  returns 
to  insubordination,  386 

Djouneid,  Ottoman  governor  (ca. 
1410) :  revolt  of,  14,  55 

Djunis,  Turkey:  battle  of  (1876),  14, 
478,  17,  419 

Dlombrovski,  Jan  Henryk  (1755- 
1818),  Polish  general:  at  the  Bere- 
sina,  15,  252 

Dmitri  (1581-1591),  Tsarevitch  of  Rus- 
sia: death  of,  15,  19 

Dmitriev,  Ivan  Ivanovitch  (1760- 
1837),  a  Russian  poet:  sketch  of,  15, 
269 

Dmitris,  The  False,  Russian  impos- 
tors: the  first  (d.  1606),  15,  19;  the 
second  (d.  1610),  20;  the  third  (d. 
1612),  20;  Sweden  aids  Vassili  Shui- 
ski  against,  16,  173 

Doblado,  General,  a  Mexican  general 
(ca.  i860):  in  the  Reform  War,  22, 

383 
Dobroe,  Russia:  battle  of  (1708),  15, 

47 

Dobrovsky,  Joseph  (1753-1829),  a 
noted  Hungarian  philologist:  aids 
Slav  philology,  17,  341 

Doctrine  of  Implied  Powers:  see  Im- 
plied Powers,  Doctrine  of 

Docwra,  Sir  Henry,  English  officer  in 
Ireland:  builds  forts  in  Lough 
Foyle,  12,  100 

Doddington,  Bubb  (1691-1762),  Eng- 
lish politician:  intrigues  of,  II,  489 

Dodge,  Andres  (d.  1844),  a  Cuban  in- 
surgent: death  of,  22,  452 

Dodona,  Greece:  oracle  of,  2,  8,  43 

Does,  Peter  Van  der  (17th  century), 
a  Dutch  admiral:  his  expedition 
against  the  Spanish,  13,  171 

Doffingen,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1388),  13,  384,  18,  197 

Dog,  The  Butcher's:  see  Wolsey, 
Thomas 


Dogali,  Africa:  Abyssinians  attack 
Italian  garrison  at,  19,  207 

Dogger  Bank,  a  sand  bank  in  the 
North  Sea:  battle  of  (1781),  13,  258 

Dogger  Bank  Incident,  Russian  fire 
into  English  fishing  fleet  (1904),  7, 
313,  15,  363 

Dokhtorov,  a  Russian  general,  ca. 
1812:  his  campaign  against  France, 
15,  243 

Dokyo  (ca.  764  A.  D.),  Japanese 
prime  minister:  influence  of,  7,  36 

Dolabella,  Gnaeus  Cornelius  (1st  cen- 
tury B.  C),  Roman  consul:  Caesar 
prosecutes,  3,  266 

Dolabella,  Publius  Cornelius  (ca.  70- 
43  B.  C),  a  Roman  patrician:  de- 
feated by  Pompeians'  fleet,  3,  343; 
attempted  reforms  of,  365 

Dolabella  Maximus,  Publius  Cornelius, 
Roman  consul,  283  B.  C. :  expels 
the  Celts  from  Italy,  3,  75 

Dole,  Sanford  Ballard,  an  American 
living  in  Hawaii:  provisional  presi- 
dent of  Hawaii  (1893),  24,  997 

Dolgoruki,  Prince  Basil  (ca.  1730),  a 
Russian  statesman:  his  mission  to 
Anne,  15,  106 

Dolgoruki,  Catherine,  Russian  prin- 
cess: sketch  of,  99,  15,  103 

Dolgoruki,  Prince  Dmitri  (d.  ca.  1735), 
Russian  prince:  imprisonment  of, 
15,  no 

Dolgoruki,  Prince  Ivan  (d.  1738),  Rus- 
sian prince:  claims  throne  for  Cath- 
erine Dolgoruki,  15,  103 

Dolgoruki,  Michael  (d.  1682),  Russian 
prince:  in  the  outbreak  of  the  stre- 
litz,  15,  27 

Dolgorukis,  noble  Russian  family: 
faction  of  the,  15,  96,  106;  banish- 
ment of  the,  107;  conspire  against 
Anne,  125 

Dolores,  South  America:  battle  of 
(1879),  21,  235 

Domejko  (ca.  1863),  Polish  noble:  in 
the  Polish  insurrection,  15,  328 

Domesday  Book,  a  book  containing 
a  census  taken  by  order  of  William 
the  Conqueror,  II,  79 

Domina  Anglorum:  see  Matilda,  Holy 
Roman  Empress 


212 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Domingue,  Michel,  a  negro  general: 
elected  ruler  of  Hayti  (1874),  32, 
5oi 

Dominguez,  Miguel  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Mexican  revolutionist:  mem- 
ber of  provisional  government,  22, 
264 

Dominic,  Saint  (1170-1221),  Spanish 
monk:  founds  order  of  Dominicans, 

ii,  133 

Dominica,  an  island  in  the  West  In- 
dies: discovered,  21,  9;  ceded  to 
England,  20,  120;  seized  by  France 
(1778),  128 

Dominican  Republic,  West  Indies: 
history  of,  22,  503;  proposed  annex- 
ation of,  to  the  United  States,  24, 

879 
Dominicans,     The,     religious     order: 
founded,  II,  133;  arrive  in  China,  6, 

40,  73 

Dominion  State,  The  Old:  see  Vir- 
ginia 

Domitian,  Titus  Flavius,  Roman  Em- 
peror, 81-96  A.  D. :  accession  of,  4, 
82;  reign  of,  83;  condition  of  Spain 
under,  8,  26;  recalls  Agricola  from 
Britain,  II,  11;  concludes  treaty 
with  Dacia,  17,  13;  death  of,  4,  85 

Domitius,  Roman  pretor,  82  B.  C. : 
defeated  by  Sertorius,  8,  20 

Domitius  Ahenobarbus,  Lucius  (d.  48 
B.  C),  Roman  consul,  54  B.  C:  de- 
feated by  Pompeius,  3,  228;  candi- 
date for  consul  (56  B.  C),  315; 
elected  consul,  318;  captured  by 
Caesar,  337;  flees  to  Macedonia,  343 

Domokos,  Greece:  Greeks  defeated  at 
(1897),  14,  505 

Donald  VIII  (Donald  Bane)  (d.  1097), 
King  of  Scotland:  reign  of,  11,  86, 
12,  259 

Donald,  Lord  of  the  Isles  (ca.  1400), 
Celtic  chieftain:  at  war  with  Scot- 
land, 12,  288 

Donald  Dhu  (ca.  1500),  Celtic  chief- 
tain: leads  disaffected  chiefs,  12,  299 

Donall  of  Mar  (d.  1014),  Irish  war- 
rior: accepts   Danish  challenge,  12, 

43 
Donatello  (Donato  di  Niccolo  di  Betto 
Bardi)         (1386-1466),        Florentine 


sculptor:  his  effect  on  the  Renais- 
sance, 4,  284 

Donation  of  Charlemagne,  The,  a  gift 
of  land  made  to  the  Church  by  Pip- 
pin, 18,  80 

Donauworth,  Germany:  seized  by 
Maximilian  of  Bavaria,  18,  265; 
taken  by  Gustavus  Adolphus,  282; 
taken  by  the  imperialists,  288;  bat- 
tles of  (1645),  18,  292;  (1703),  9,  221 

Donelson,  Andrew  Jackson  (1800- 
1871),  American  politician:  nomi- 
nated for  Vice-President,  24,  652 

Dongan,  Thomas  (1634-1715),  colonial 
governor  of  New  York:  yields  lib- 
erty to  people,  23,  105 

Donough,  King  of  Munster,  ca.  1000 
A.  D.:  reign  of,  12,  46 

Dorchester  Heights,  Massachusetts: 
occupied  by  Washington,  23,  235 

Dorcis  (ca.  478  B.  C),  Spartan  ad- 
miral, 2,  223 

Dordrecht,  Netherlands:  founded,  13, 
24 

Dorgun,  Manchurian  regent  (ca. 
1650):  account  of,  6,  53 

Doria,  Andrea  (1468-1560),  Genoese 
admiral  and  statesman,  called  the 
Father  of  his  Country:  enters  serv- 
ice of  the  emperor,  9,  141;  defeats 
Barbarossa,  143;  governs  Genoa,  4, 
305;  at  battle  of  Lepanto,  8,  355,  14, 
162,  165 

Doria,  Pietro  (ca.  1400),  Italian  com- 
mander: besieges  Venice,  4,  239 

Doris,  central  Greece:  conquered  by 
Phocians,  2,  244;  inhabitants  of,  12; 
conquer  Peloponnesians,  31,  47;  in 
age  of  migrations,  46 

Dorislaus,  Isaac  (1595-1649),  a  Dutch- 
English  diplomat:  death  of,  13,  229 

Dorjiev  (ca.  1900),  Russian  diplomat: 
agent  at  Lhasa,  5,  298 

Dornbiihl,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1298),  13,  363 

Dorneck  (Dornach),  Switzerland:  bat- 
tle of  (1499).  13,  419 

Dorokhov  (ca.  1800),  Russian  general: 
his  campaign  against  France,  15, 
244 

Doroshenko  (ca.  1650),  Cossack  chief: 
sketch  of,  15,  25 


GENERAL    INDEX 


213 


Dorothea  of  Brandenburg  (ca.  1450), 
Queen  of  Denmark,  crowned  Queen 
of  Sweden,  16,  130;  marries  Chris- 
tian, 132 

Dorpat,  Russia:  created  a  German 
bishopric,  15,  10;  captured  by  the 
Russians  (1558),  17;  siege  of  (1703), 
44;  name  changed  to  Yuriev,  332 

Dorr  ego,  Manuel  (1 787-1 828),  an  Ar- 
gentine statesman:  aids  the  policy 
of  union  in  Argentina,  31,  122; 
death  of,   123 

Dorset,  Thomas  Grey,  Marquis  of  (ca. 
1450),  English  noble:  plots  against 
Gloucester,  11,  220 

Dorsey,  Stephen  W.  (ca.  1880),  Amer- 
ican Congressman:  implicated  in 
"  star  route  "  frauds,  24,  936 

Dorst,  Joseph  H.  (living),  American 
officer:  in  the  Spanish- American 
War,  22,  459 

Dort,  Synod  of,  an  assembly  of  the 
Reformed  Church  of  the  Nether- 
lands, with  delegates  from  England 
and  other  countries,  to  decide  the 
Armenian  controversy  (1618-1619), 
13,  199 

Dorus,  mythical  progenitor  of  the 
Dorians,  2,  24 

Dost  Mohammed  (1798-1863),  an  Af- 
ghan chief:  sketch  of,  5,  216;  at  war 
with  Persia,  361,  363;  death  of,  247 

Dosza  (ca.  1500),  Hungarian  peasant: 
leads  Hungarian  peasant  revolt,  17, 
168 

Douai,  Merlin  of  (1754-1838),  French 
jurist  and  politician:  made  member 
of  the  Directory,  9,  305 

Doubleday,  Abner  (1820-1893),  Amer- 
ican general:  at  bombardment  of 
Fort  Sumter,  24,  711 

Douglas  (ca.  1700),  Scottish  comman- 
der: at  the  battle  of  the  Boyne,  12, 
142;  at  the  siege  of  Athlone,  144 

Douglas  (ca.  1750),  Scottish  French 
envoy:  mission  of,  15,  145,  147 

Douglas,  Sir  Archibald  (1296-1333), 
Scottish  chief:  his  campaign  against 
the  English,  12,  285 

Douglas,  Archibald,  Earl  of  (d.  1439), 
Scottish  chief:  sketch  of,  12,  294 

Douglas,   Archibald,   Earl  of   Angus: 


see  Angus,  Archibald  Douglas,  Earl 
of 

Douglas,  Gawin  (1474-1522),  Scottish 
poet:  sketch  of,  12,  309 

Douglas,  Sir  James  of  (ca.  1286-1330), 
Scottish  chief,  called  Good  Lord 
James:  aids  Robert  Bruce,  12,  280; 
death  of,  284 

Douglas,  James,  Earl  of  (1426-1488), 
Scottish  chief:  rebellion  of,  12,  295 

Douglas,  Stephen  Arnold  (1813-1861), 
an  American  politician:  candidate 
for  Presidential  nomination,  24,  619; 
introduces  a  bill  for  organizing  Ne- 
braska, 630;  speech  in  favor  of 
Kansas-Nebraska  Bill,  634;  intro- 
duces a  bill  providing  for  admission 
of  Kansas,  650;  indorses  Dred  Scott 
decision,  660;  denounces  Lecompton 
scheme,  662;  sketch  of,  664,  668;  in 
Lincoln-Douglas  debates,  667;  fa- 
vored by  North  and  West  for  Presi- 
dent, 678;  nominated  (i860),  682; 
supports  Lincoln  in  contest  with 
South,  715;  Johnson  lays  corner 
stone  of  monument  to,  846 

Douglas,  Sir  William  of  (d.  1298), 
Scottish  chief:  joins  Wallace's  re- 
bellion, 12,  275 

Douglas,  William,  Earl  of  (d.  1440), 
Scottish  chief:  death  of,  12,  294 

Douglas,  William,  Earl  of  (1425?- 
1452),  Scottish  chief:  conspires  with 
Livingstone,  12,  294;  death  of,  295 

Douglass,  Frederick  (1817-1895), 
American  orator:  leader  of  the  ne- 
gro race,  24,  587;  aids  slaves  to  es- 
cape, 617 

Dourado,  Argentine  Republic:  taken 
by  the  Paraguayans  (1864),  21,  157 

Dousa  (John  van  der  Duye)  (1545- 
1604),  Dutch  scholar,  poet  and  pa- 
triot: at  siege  of  Leyden,  13,  118 

Douzy,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1870),  9, 
464 

Dover,  England:  battles  of  (1216),  11, 
130;  (1604),  13,  180;  (1652),  229 

Dover,  New  Hampshire:  founded,  23, 
95;  attack  on,  158 

Dover,  Treaty  of,  a  secret  treaty  con- 
cluded between  Charles  II  and 
Louis  XIV  (1670),  11,  394 


214 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Dow,  Neal  (1803-1897),  American 
Congressman:  Prohibition  Party- 
nominee,  24,  930 

Dowager  Empress  of  China:  coup  d' 
etat  of  (1898),  6,  277;  adopts  reform 
measures,  322 

Downpatrick,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1260), 

13,  58 

Downs,  The,  a  portion  of  the  North 
Sea  east  of  Kent,  England:  battles 
of  (1639),  13,  213;  (1666),  11,  387 

Doyer  (ca.  1795),  a  Russian  philolo- 
gist: account  of,  15,  195 

Draco  (7th  century  B.  C),  Athenian 
legislator:  laws  of,  2,  100;  laws  of, 
abolished  by  Solon,  107 

Draft  Riots,  in  American  history: 
riots  which  arose  as  the  result  of 
drafting  soldiers  for  the  Civil  War 
(1865),  24,  817 

Dragon,  Order  of  the,  an  order  of 
light  troops  intended  to  fight  infi- 
dels and  heretics:  founded,  17,  155 

Dragon,  The:  see  Drake,  Sir  Francis 

Dragut  (Torghud)  (d.  1565),  a  Turk- 
ish corsair:  ravages  coast  of  Italy, 
9,  147;  Turkish  admiral,  14,  165;  in 
expedition   against   Malta,   171 

Drake,  Sir  Francis,  an  English 
navigator  and  naval  hero,  called 
the  Dragon:  born  probably  at 
Tavistock,  Devonshire,  England, 
about  1540;  commanded  a  small 
vessel  in  the  fleet  of  Sir  John 
Hawkins,  1567-1568;  visited  the 
Spanish  main,  1570  and  1571;  raided 
the  Spanish  main,  1572;  served  un- 
der the  Earl  of  Essex  in  Ireland, 
1573-1576;  set  out  on  a  marauding 
expedition  to  the  Pacific,  December, 
I577>  plundered  the  coasts  of  Chili 
and  Peru,  sailed  across  the  Pacific 
and  returned  to  England  by  way  of 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  1580;  was 
knighted  by  Queen  Elizabeth  on 
board  his  own  vessel;  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Parliament,  1584-1585;  com- 
manded an  expedition  against  the 
Spanish  main  and  the  West  Indies, 
1585-1586;  destroyed  the  vessels 
which  were  being  built  by  Spain  at 
Cadiz  to  use  in  the  Invincible  Ar- 


mada, 1587;  commanded  under  Lord 
Howard  in  the  fight  which  de- 
stroyed the  Armada,  1588;  again 
elected  to  Parliament,  1592;  com- 
manded with  Sir  John  Hawkins  an 
expedition  to  the  West  Indies,  1595; 
died  near  Porto  Bello,  January  28, 
1596 

Circumnavigates  the  globe,  5,  156; 
his  depredations  on  Spanish  posses- 
sions, 8,  363,  31,  30,  22,  449,  24,  52; 
sketch  of,  11,  289;  singes  the  King 
of  Spain's  beard,  295;  his  services 
against  the  Armada,  296;  his  voyage 
to  the  East  Indies,  20,  58;  captures 
St.  Augustine,  22,  135;  carries  colo- 
nists from  Roanoke  Island  to  Eng- 
land, 23,  53;  in  the  war  with  Spain, 
54;  death  of,  11,  298 

Drakul    (ca.    1444),   Prince   of  Walla- 
chia:  joins  against  the  Turks,  14,  65 

Drama: 
AFRICA:  at  Alexandria,  1,  296 
AUSTRIA:  Osterspiel,  17,  97 
BOHEMIA:  of  the  Czechs,  17,  116; 
national  theatre  at  Prague,  427 
CHINA:     under     Emperor     Taok- 
wang,  6,  124 

ENGLAND:  Shakespeare,  11,  302; 
of  the  Restoration,  392;  Age  of 
Queen  Anne,  461 

GREECE:  theatres  at  Regilla,  and 
Corinth,  2,  523;  greatness  of,  524 
HUNGARY:  theatre  at  Pesth,   17, 
338 

INDIA:  description  of,  5,  54 
ITALY:  Alfieri,  creator  of  Italian 
tragedy,  4,  338;  work  of  Goidoni, 
409;  work  of  Manzoni,  410;  musical 
drama  of  17th  century,  414;  excel- 
lence of  opera,  415 
NETHERLANDS:  tragedies  of 
Vondel,  13,  220 

ROME:  theatre  of  Pompey,  re- 
stored, 4,  56 

RUSSIA:  theatre  opened  by  Vol- 
kov,  15,  149;  work  of  Sumarokov, 
192;  work  of  Catharine  the  Great, 
193;  comedy  of  Von  Visin,  193 
SICILY:  work  of  Dionysius,  2,  411 
SOUTH  AMERICA:  dramatic  au- 
thors in  Lima,  21,  214 


GENERAL    INDEX 


215 


Draper,  Sir  William  (1721-1787),  Eng- 
lish general:  captures  Manila  (1762), 
5,  181,  20,  120 

Drappes  (ca.  51  B.  C),  a  Gallic  sol- 
dier: at  Uxellodunum,  3,  308 

Dreadful  Woman,  The:  see  Caroline, 
wife  of  George  IV  of  England 

Dred  Scott  Decision,  a  decision  ren- 
dered by  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court  in 
1857  defining  the  status  of  the  slave 
in  America:  denounced  by  Repub- 
licans and  Free  Soilers,  24,  660;  not 
to  be  confused  with  Chief  Justice's 
opinion,  661;  repudiated  in  Repub- 
lican platform  (i860),  681 

Drennan,  William  (ca.  1793),  an  Irish 
writer:  his  labors  in  behalf  of  Cath- 
olic emancipation,  12,  201 

Drepana,  Sicily:  battle  of,  3,  103 

Dresden,  capital  of  Saxony:  occupied 
by  the  Prussians  (1748),  18,  331; 
(1756),  17,  244,  18,  335;  by  Daun 
(1759),  18,  340;  battle  of  (1813),  9, 
343,  10,  488,  15,  261,  18,  382;  taken 
by  the  Prussians  (1866),  18,  410 

Dresden,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  between 
Prussia,  Austria,  and  Saxony  (1745), 
17,  242,  18,  332 

Dress: 
AMERICA:  of  the  Indians,  23,  11; 
in  the  colonies,  155;  of  Washington 
at   inauguration,    341;    of   Jefferson, 
384;   American  diplomatic  costume, 

24,  639 

ARABIA:  distinction  between  the 
Fatimites,  the  Omayyids,  and  the 
Abbasids,  1,  340 

CHINA:  changes  in,  vetoed,  6,  277 
EGYPT:  of  Semnites,  1,  19;  in  the 
Old  Empire,  58,  59 
ENGLAND:  at  the  court  of  Eliza- 
beth, 11,  298;  in  18th  century,  533 
FRANCE:    during    Revolution,    10, 
121;  298;  of  the  Chouans,  349 
GERMANY:  among  the  tribes,  18, 

55 

GREECE:  of  Spartans,  2,  66 
HUNGARY:   national  dress   of  the 
noblemen,  17,  16 

IRELAND:  in  ancient  times,  12,  13, 
14;  of  the  Irish  Chiefs,  54;  regu- 
lated  by    Statute   of   Kilkenny,   65; 


attempts  to  change  the  native  dress 
for  English,  85 

ISRAEL:  of  the  prophets,  1,  391 
JAPAN:  in  ancient  times,  7,  8;  in- 
troduction of  silk  garments,  18 
LYDIA:  Hittite  costume,  1    148 
NETHERLANDS:    of   the    Franks 
and    Saxons,    13,    13;    at    court    of 
Philip  the  Good,  61 
PERSIA:    among    the    ancients,    1, 
180;     assumed     by     Alexander     the 
Great,    2,    500;    time    of    Harun    al 
Raschid,  5,  327 

ROME:  of  ancient  times,  3,  14;  of 
the  consul,  32;  during  Revolutionary 
period,  248 

RUSSIA:  reforms  of  Peter  the 
Great,  15,  70,  71;  of  Catherine  I, 
94 

SOUTH    AMERICA:    in    Ecuador, 
21,  106;  of  the  natives,  311 
SPAIN:  in  early  times,  8,  5;  of  the 
.  Celts,  8 
SWITZERLAND:    after    Reforma- 
tion, 13,  450;  restrictions  on,  484 
TURKEY:   of  Sultan  Ibraham,   14, 
227;  of  Europe  introduced,  440 

Dreux,  France:  battles  of  (1562),  9, 
154,  13,  460;   (1590),  9,   167 

Drogheda,  Ireland:  captured  by  Par- 
liamentary forces    (1649),   11,  363 

Drogheda,  Marquis  of,  a  British  sol- 
dier in  Ireland:  his  campaign 
against  the  Whiteboys,  12,  175 

Druids,  the  priesthood  of  Ancient  Gaul 
and  Britain:  influence  of,  in  Gaul, 
3,  297;  teachings  of,  11,  6 

Drum,  Simon  H.,  an  American  officer: 
at  the  siege  of  Mexico  (1847),  22, 
363 

Drum-Kelta,  Ireland:  meeting  of  (574 
A.  D.),  12,  38 

Drummond,  Thomas  (ca.  1841),  Un- 
der-Secretary in  the  Melbourne 
Cabinet:  his  Irish  policy,  11,  596 

Drummond,  William  (ca.  1667),  Scotch 
clergyman:  first  governor  of  Albe- 
marle, 23,  74 

Drusilla  (d.  37  A.  D.),  sister  of  the 
Emperor  Caligula:  death  of,  4,  56 

Drusus,  Marcus  Livius  (d.  109  B.  C), 
a   Roman   politician:   outbids   Gaius 


216 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Gracchus  for  popular  favor,  3,  183; 
reaches  the  Danube,  192 

Drusus,  Marcus  Livius  (ca.  120-91  B. 
C.),  a  Roman  politician:  reforms  of, 
3,  203;  death,  204 

Drusus  Caesar  (10  B.  C.-23  A.  D.),  son 
of  the  Emperor  Tiberius:  sent  to 
quiet  the  soldiers  in  Pannonia,  4, 
47;  death,  50 

Drusus  Claudius  Nero  (38-9  B.  C), 
Roman  soldier:  campaigns  of,  in 
Germany,  4,  40,  18,  14;  sketch  of,  4, 
41;  begins  the  construction  of  dikes 
and  canals  above  the  Rhine,  13,  8; 
death  of,  4,  42,  18,  15 

Drzislav,  Duke  of  Dalmatia,  ca.  1000 
A.  D.:  renounces  the  overlordship 
of  Byzantium,  17,  38 

Dschengis  Khan:  see  Genghis  Khan 

Dualism,  Establishment  of,  in  Austria- 
Hungary,  17,  397 

Duane,  William  John  (1780-1865), 
American  lawyer  and  statesman:  re- 
sists Jackson,  23,  503 

Duarte  (Edward),  King  of  Portugal, 
1433-1438:   reign  of,  8,  304 

Dubienka,  Poland:  battle  of  (1792), 
x8,  358 

Dublin,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1649),  12, 
123 

Dubois,  Guillaume  (1656-1725),  French 
cardinal  and  minister  of  state:  ne- 
gotiates alliance  with  England,  9, 
228;  made  prime  minister,  233 

Dubouchage  (ca.  1800),  French  states- 
man: made  minister  of  marine  af- 
fairs, 9,  367 

Dubravka  of  Bohemia  (950  A.  D.), 
Slavic  princess:  marries  Mieczyslaw 
of  Poland,  17,  63 

Dubthach  (Duffa)  (ca.  400  A.  D.), 
Irish  poet:  conversion  of,  12,  29 

Duchatel,  Charles  Marie  (1803-1867), 
French  minister  of  state:  becomes 
minister  of  trade,  9,  405;  made  min- 
ister of  finance  in  Mole's  cabinet, 
410 

Duchatel,  Gaspard  (1766-1793),  French 
Girondist:  death  of,  10,  279 

Duckworth,  Sir  John  Thomas  (1748- 
1817),  English  admiral:  destroys 
Turkish  fleet,  14,  397 

Duclerc  (d.  1710),  French  naval  com- 


mander: his  expedition  against  Bra- 
zil,  31,  34 

Ducos,  Jean  Frangois  (1765-1793), 
French  Republican:  death  of,  10, 
279 

Ducos,  Roger  (1750-1816),  French 
lawyer  and  politician:  made  member 
of  the  Directory,  9,  309,  10,  405; 
appointed  consul,  9,  315,  10,  432 

Ducrot,  Auguste  Alexandre  (1817- 
1882),  French  general:  in  the 
Franco-Prussian  War,  18,  423 

Dudley,  Edmund  (1462-15 10),  English 
lawyer:  instrument  of  Henry  VII, 
11,  230;  death  of,  235 

Dudley,  Guilford  (d.  1554),  English 
noble:  executed,  11,  270 

Dudley,  Lord  Robert  (1532-1588), 
English  noble:  his  relations  with 
Elizabeth,  11,  280 

Dudley,  Thomas  (1 576-1 652),  Amer- 
ican colonist:  deputy  governor  un- 
der Winthrop,  23,  88 

Duelling:  practised  in  the  South,  24, 
590 

Duff,  Sir  Mountstuart  Elphinstone 
Grant  (1829-1906),  British  politician: 
5,  263 

Dufferin,  Lady  (d.  1867),  British  au- 
thor: her  efforts  in  behalf  of  Indian 
women,  5,  268 

Dufferin,  Frederick  Temple  Black- 
wood, Lord  (1826-1902),  British  au- 
thor and  scholar:  his  governor-gen- 
eralship of  India,  5,  264 

Duffle  Conference,  The,  between  the 
Prince  of  Orange  and  the  Dutch 
States-General  (1566),  13,  93 

Duffy,  Charles  Gavan  (1816-1903), 
Irish  journalist:  founds  "The  Na- 
tion," 12,  226,  228 

Dufour,  Guillaume  Henri  (1787-1875), 
Swiss  general:  at  head  of  Liberal 
forces,  13,  551 

Dufour,  Peter  (d.  1594),  Dutch  con- 
spirator: attempts  to  assassinate 
Maurice  of  Orange,  13,  161  . 

Dugdale  (ca.  1770),  English  naval 
commander:  at  the  battle  of 
Tchesme,  15,   179 

Duguay,  Trouin  Rene  (1673-1736), 
French  admiral:  destroys  English 
commerce,  9,  219 


GENERAL    INDEX 


217 


Duiluis,  Gaius,  a  Roman  general: 
elected  consul  261  B.  C;  built  ships 
in  the  first  Punic  war  in  imitation  of 
one  captured  from  the  enemy,  and 
this  fleet  of  his  conquered  that  of 
Carthage  near  the  Lipari  Islands 
260  B.  C;  afterwards  commanded 
the  army  on  land  and  vanquished 
the  Carthaginians  in  Sicily 
At  battle  of  Mylae,  3,  101 

Duke,  The  Great:  see  Wellington,  Ar- 
thur Wellesley,  Duke  of 

Duke,  The  Iron:  see  Wellington,  Ar- 
thur Wellesley,  Duke  of 

Duke  of  Thunder,  The:  see  Nelson, 
Horatio 

Duke's  Laws,  The,  providing  system 
of  town  government  for  New  York 
(1683):  provisions  of,  23,   104 

Dulce  y  Garay,  Domingo  (1808-1869), 
Spanish  general  and  administrator: 
rebels  against  Isabella  II,  8,  504 

Duma,  elective  Russian  assembly:  the 
tsar  calls,  15,  365;  elected,  366;  dis- 
solved, 366 

Dumergues  (ca.  1800),  French  com- 
mander: at  the  Beresina,  15,  253 

Dumnorix  (d.  59  B.  C),  Gallic  chief: 
effect  of  his  death  on  Gaul,  3,  305 

Dumouriez,  Charles  Frangois  (1739- 
1823),  French  general  and  states- 
man: member  of  ministry,  9,  273;  in 
Franco-Austrian  War,  9,  276,  13, 
263;  joins  Austrians,  13,  283;  char- 
acter and  ministry  of,  10,  169;  his 
report  as  to  the  political  situation  of 
France,  171;  campaign  of,  209;  ex- 
pedition into  Holland,  241;  hostili- 
ties between  him  and  the  Jacobins, 
242;  his  design  of  reestablishing  con- 
stitutional monarchy,  245;  defection 
of,  249;  his  interview  with  a  deputa- 
tion from  the  Jacobins,  249;  declared 
a  traitor  by  the  convention,  252;  ar- 
rests the  commissioners  of  the  con- 
vention, 252;  at  the  Russian  court, 
15,  207;  his  campaigns  against  the 
allied  powers,  18,  356 

Dunbar,  Scotland:  battles  of  (1296), 
11,  148;  (1650),  11,  364,  12,  343 

Dunbar,  Thomas  (d.  1767),  British 
soldier:  in  Braddock's  expedition, 
23,  177 


Dunbar,  William  (1465-1530),  Scottish 
poet:  sketch  of,  12,  309 

Dunboy,  Ireland:  siege  of  (1602),  12, 
102 

Duncan  I,  King  of  Scotland,  1034- 
1040:  reign  of,  12,  256 

Duncan  II,  King  of  Scotland,  1093- 
1094:  reign  of,  11,  86,  12,  259 

Duncan,  Adam,  Viscount  of  Camper- 
down  (1731-1804),  British  admiral:  at 
battle  of  Camperdown  (1797),  11, 
547,  12,  208,  13,  266 

Duncan,  James  (ca.  1850),  American 
officer:  in  the  Mexican  War,  22, 
348 

Dundas,  Henry,  Viscount  Melville:  see 
Melville,  Henry  Dundas,  Viscount 

Dundas,  Sir  James  Whitley  Deans 
(1785-1862),  British  admiral:  in  Cri- 
mean War,  15,  311 

Dundee,  John  Grahame  of  Claver- 
house,  Viscount  (1 643-1689),  Scot- 
tish officer:  commands  Jacobite 
forces  in  Scotland,  12,  352 

Dunes,  Battle  of  the  (1658),  9,  206, 
",  372 

Dungannon  Resolutions:  adopted  by 
the  Irish  popular  party  (1782),  12, 
187 

Dungi  I,  King  of  Sumer  and  Accad 
(ca.  2600  B.  C.) :  reign  of,  1,  76 

Dungi  II,  King  of  Sumer  and  Accad 
(ca.  2400  B.  C):  reign  of,  1,  76 

Dunkeld,    Scotland:   battle   of    (1689), 

12,  353 

Dunkirk,  France:  siege  of  (1793),  9, 
286 

Dunmore,  John  Murray,  Earl  (1732- 
1809),  colonial  governor  of  Vir- 
ginia: burns  Norfolk,  23,  236 

Dunois,  Francois,  Count  of,  son  of 
John  of  Orleans:  rebels  against 
Anne  of  Beaujeu  (ca.   1480),  9,  127 

Dunstan,  Saint  (925-988  A.  D.),  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  959-978:  his 
early  career,  11,  47;  becomes  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  50;  takes  the 
part  of  Edward  the  Martyr,  56; 
death  of,  56 

Duperre,  Victor  Guy  (1775-1846),  a 
French  admiral:  his  expedition 
against  Algiers,  9,  389 

Dupetit-Thouars,  Abel  Aubert  (1793- 


218 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


1864),  French  admiral:  takes  posses- 
sion of  the  Society  Islands  for 
France,  9,  422 

Duphot,  Leonard  (1 770-1 797),  a 
French  general:  death  of,  9,  306, 
10,  399 

Dupin,  Charles  (1 784-1873),  a  French 
deputy  and  political  economist:  his 
relations  to  the  revolution  of  1830, 

9,  391 

Dupin,  Jean  Henri  (1783-1865),  a 
French  politician:  his  relations  to 
the  revolution  of  1830,  9,  391 

Duplain  (ca.  1792),  a  French  politi- 
cian: leader  of  the  commune,  10, 
203 

Dupleix,  Joseph  Francois  (1 697-1764), 
a  French  general:  sketch  of,  5, 
178;  his  career  in  India,  9,  240, 
242,  11,  502,  20,  115;  recalled  from 
India,  20,  119 

Duplessis-Praslin  (ca.  1650),  French 
general:  defeats  Turenne  at  Rethel, 

9,  203 

Dupont  de  l'Etang,  Count  Pierre 
(1765-1840),  a  French  general:  min- 
ister of  war,  9,  356 

Dupont  de  l'Eure,  Charles  Jacques 
(1767-1855),  a  French  politician: 
keeper  of  the  seals,  9,  396;  member 
of  the  provisional  government,  435 

Duport,  Adrien  (1759-1798),  a  leader 
in  French  National  Assembly:  an- 
nounces the  capture  of  the  Bastile 
to  the  assembly,  10,  (9;  leader  of 
the  national  party,  81 ;  executes  the 
confederation  of  the  clubs,  82 

Duport-Dutertre  (d.  1793),  a  French 
revolutionist:  death  of,  9,  287 

Du  Portail  (ca.  1790),  French  min- 
ister of  war:  replaced  by  Narbonne, 

10,  164 

Diippel,  Germany:  battle  of  (1864),  18, 
408 

Duprat  (d.  1793),  a  French  revolution- 
ist: death  of,  10,  279 

Duprat,  Antoine  (1463-1535),  French 
cardinal  and  minister  of  France: 
advises  sale  of  offices  of  the  magis- 
tracy, 9,  138;  plans  union  of  Brit- 
tany with  France,  141 

Duquesne,   Fort,   a   fort  formerly   on 


the  site  of  Pittsburg:  Braddock's 
expedition  against,  20,  117,  23,  177 

Duquesne,  General  (ca.  1700),  a 
French  soldier:  besieges  Genoa,  4, 
325 

Durand,     Algernon     George     Arnold 

(1854 ),  British  official  in  India: 

establishes  British  influence  north 
of  Kashmir,  5,  278 

Durand,  Henry  Marion  (ca.  1869), 
British  official  in  India:  military 
member  of  the  governor-general's 
council,  5,  248 

Durand,        Sir       Henry       Mortimer 

(1850 ),    British   ambassador   to 

United  States,  1903-1907:  negotiates 
treaty  with  the  Amir  of  Afghanis- 
tan, 5,  277 

Durango,  Mexico:  founded,  22,  118 

Duranthon  (ca.  1792),  a  French  poli- 
tician: made  provisional  minister  of 
the  marine,  10,   176 

Duras,  Jacques  Henri  de  Durfort 
(1626-1704),  a  French  general:  his 
campaign  in  Germany,  9,  217 

Durfort,  Count  Alphonse  de  (ca.  1790), 
French  diplomat:  at  the  Mantua  Con- 
ference, 10,  136 

Durfort,  Henry  of  (ca.  1690),  French 
general:  his  campaign  in  Germany, 
9,  217 

Durham,  John  George  Lambton,  Earl 
of  (1792-1840),  English  Whig  poli- 
tician: made  governor-general  of 
Canada,  11,  596,  20,  156 

Durilu,  Babylonia:  battle  of  (729  B. 
C),  1,  84 

Durocq,  Grand  Christoph  Michel,  Due 
de  Frioul  (1772-1813),  French  gen- 
eral: mission  of,  15,  208 

Dur-Papsukul,  Babylonia:  battle  of 
(ca.  800  B.  C),  1,  81 

Dushratta,  King  of  Mitanni,  ca.  1400 
B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  141 

Dusseldorf,  Prussia:  siege  of  (1795). 
18,  359 

Dustin,  Hannah  (ca.  1697),  a  colonial 
heroine:  story  of,  23,  159 

Dutch,  the  people  of  the  Netherlands: 
begin  trade  with  Japan,  7,  134;  in 
India,  5,  154;  in  Brazil,  21,  33;  seek 
religious  freedom  in  Maryland,  23, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


219 


j2;  emigrations  of,  from  New  York 
to  South  Carolina,  75;  conflict  with 
Connecticut  settlers,  91;  as  navi- 
gators, 101;  settlements  of,  in  Amer- 
ica, 102;  allied  with  England  against 
Spain,  102;  maritime  supremacy  of, 
104;  claims  in  Delaware,  107;  in- 
cluded in  Penn's  colony,  113;  large 
element  in  New  York  (1775),  126 

Dutch  East  India  Company:  see  East 
India  Company,  Dutch 

Dutch  Reformed  Church:  enforced  by 
Stuyvesant,  23,  103;  established  in 
New  York,   148;   disestablished,   148 

Dutch  Trading  Company,  a  company 


chartered  in  1824  for  trade  with  the 
Indies:  chartered,  20,  291 

Duvergier  de  Hauranne,  Prosper 
(1798-1881),  a  French  royalist  poli- 
tician: opposes  Mole's  ministry,  9, 
415;  opposes   Guizot's  ministry,  431 

Duye,  John  van  der:  see  Dousa 

Dwight,  Theodore  (early  18th  cen- 
tury), American  politician:  Secre- 
tary of  Hartford  Convention  (1814), 
23,  431 

Dybbel,  Sleswig-Holstein:  battles  of 
(1849),  16,  271;  (1864),  274 

Dyveke  (ca.  1523),  mistress  of  Chris- 
tian II  of  Denmark,  16,  191 


E 


Eadgar,  King  of  England,  959-975  A 

D. :   accession  of,   11,  49;   reign  of, 

50;  death  of,  56 
Eadgar  the  Aetheling,  King  of  Eng 

land,    1066-1120:    chosen    king,    1 1, 

67;    as    a    refugee    at    the    Scottish 

court,    12,    257;    places    Eadgar   on 

Scottish  throne,  259 
Eadgar,  King  of  Scotland,  1097-1107 

accession  of,  II,  87,  12,  259 
Eadmer   (d.   1124),  Archbishop  of  St 

Andrews:  quarrels  with  Alexander  I 

of  Scotland,   12,  262 
Eadmund  I,   King  of  the  West  Sax-t 

ons,   941-946   A.    D.:    reign   of,    II, 

46 
Eadmund    (II)    Ironside"    (989-1016), 

King    of    the    West    Saxons,    1016: 

reign  of,  II,  59 
Eadred,    King    of   the    West    Saxons, 

946-955  A.  D.:  reign  of,  11,  47 
Eadward  (d.  925),  King  of  the  West 

Saxons,  901-925:  reign  of,  11,  45 
Edward    the    Martyr     (ca.    963-979), 

King  of  the  West  Saxons,  975-979: 

reign  of,  II,  56 
Eadward  or  Eadwerd:  see  Edward 
Eadwig,  King  of  England,  955-958  A. 

D.:  reign  of,  11,  48 
Eadwine,  King  of  Northumbria,  617- 

633  A.  D.:  reign  of,  11,  32,  34 
Eaglets,  Peter  of  Russia's  assistants: 

account  of,  15,  88 
Ealdhelm     (650    A.     D.),     Abbot    of 

Malmesbury:   teaches   in    school   at 

Canterbury,  11,  38 
Eamuses:  see  Yamassus 
Eannatum  (ca.  4200   B.   C),   King  of 

Lagash:  conquers  Kish,  I,  75 
Eannes,  Gil  (ca.  1400),  Portuguese  ex- 
plorer: explorations  of,  19,  17 
Earls,   Rising  of  the,  an   English  re- 
bellion (1075),  11,  78 
Early,    Jubal    Anderson    (181 6-1 894), 

American  Confederate  general:  de- 


feated at  Opiquan  Creek,  24,  792; 
sent  against  Washington,  792;  his 
generalship,  793 

East,  The  Napoleon  of  the:  see  Me- 
hemet  Ali,  Pasha  of  Egypt 

East  Africa  Plantation  Company,  a 
German  company  to  explore  Africa: 
formed,    19,    139 

East  Florida:  see  Florida 

East  India  College,  for  Indian  Civil 
Services:  established  at  Haileyburg, 
5,  202 

East  India  Company,  the  name  of 
various  mercantile  associations 
formed  in  different  countries  in  the 
17th  and  18th  centuries  for  the  pur- 
pose of  conducting  under  the  aus- 
spices  of  the  government  a  monop- 
oly of  the  trade  of  their  respective 
countries  with  the  East  Indies 
BRITISH:  organized,  5,  158,  11, 
501,  20,  59;  growth  of,  20,  62;  suc- 
cess of,  20,  102,  23,  56;  allowed  a 
drawback  on  tea  shipped  to  the 
colonies,  23,  219;  charter  renewed 
(1813),  5,  206;  (1833),  214;  (1853), 
225;  sketch  of,  239;  fall  of,  11,  618 
DANISH:  founded,  5,  171,  20,  101 
DUTCH:  organized,  5,  154,  13,  166, 
167,  20,  56;  growth  of,  13,  221; 
sends  out  Henry  Hudson,  16,  303, 
23,  101;  decline  of,  20,  102;  im- 
portance of,  121;  dissolved,  141;  ca- 
reer of,  286 

FRENCH:  organized,  5,  169,  9,  214, 
20,  78,  114 

OSTEND:  founded,  17,  192;  sketch 
of,  5,  171,  13,  253 

SWEDISH:  organized,  5,  175,  20, 
101 

Eastern  Archipelago,  The  Queen  of 
the:  see  Java 

Eastern  Question,  The,  the  collective 
name  for  the  several  problems  in 
the  international  politics  of  Europe 


220 


GENERAL    INDEX 


221 


growing  out  of  the  presence  of  the 
Turkish  power  in  the  southeast:  ex- 
planation of,  9,  445,  14,  3;  effect  on 
Greece,  2,  547;  relations  of  Austria  to, 
*7,  323>  submitted  to  arbitration 
(1840),  15,  292,  17,  348;  the  Crimean 
War  (1853-1856),  15,  305,  17,  383; 
effect  of  the  Treaty  of  Berlin  on, 
17,  422;  the  Macedonian  question, 
14,  506 

Eastern  Trading  Company,  Vienna, 
to  develop  commerce:  founded  1719, 
17,  192 

Eaton,  John  H.  (ca.  1800),  American 
legislator:  in  Jackson's  Cabinet,  23, 

48S 
Eaton,  Theophilus  (d.  1658),  American 

colonist:    founds    New    Haven,    23, 

92 
Eba,  King  of  the  Goths,  ca.  700  A.  D.: 

restored  to  his  throne,  I,  319 
Ebbeson,  Niels  (d.  1340),  Danish  pa- 
triot: frees  Denmark,  16,  113 
Ebbo    (d.   851   A.   D.),   Archbishop  of 

Rheims:  mission  of,  16,  25 
Ebel,    Johann    Gottfried    (1764-1830), 

German    geologist:    sketch    of,    13, 

494;  pleads  for  unity  in  Switzerland, 

508 
Eberhard  (d.  939  A.  D.),  Duke  of  the 

Franks:    his    mission    to    Henry    of 
'    Saxony,  18,  105;  conspiracy  of,  109; 

death  of,  no 
Eberhard  I  (ca.  1300),  Count  of  Wur- 

temberg:    revolt    of,    18,    180;    out- 
lawed,  186 
Eberhard     (II)    the    Whiner     (1344- 

I392)>  Count  of  Wurtemberg:  wars 

of,  18,  195,  197 
Eberhard    of    the    Beard    (ca.    1500), 

Duke   of  Wurtemberg:  at  the   Diet 

of  Worms,  18,  226 
Eberhard  Ludwig  (ca.  1700),  Duke  of 

Wurtemberg:    oppressions    of,     18, 

323 

Eberhardt  (ca.  1280),  Bishop  of  Bran- 
denburg: regent  of  Bohemia,  17, 
78 

Eble,  Jean  Baptiste  (1758-1812),  a 
French  general:  at  the  Beresina,  15, 
252 

Eboric,  King  of  the  Suevi,  ca.  580  A. 


D.:    consigned   to   a    monastery,    8, 
42  _ 

Ebroin  (ca.  670  A.  D.),  major-domo  of 
Clotaire  III:  mayor  of  the  palace, 
9,  34;  death  of,  35 

Ebu  Bekir  (ca.  1800),  governor  of 
Servia:  sent  to  control  Janissaries, 
14,  387 

Ecclesia,  The,  the  public  assembly  of 
Athens:  made  powerful  by  Solon, 
2,  107;  altered  by  Cleisthenes,  147 

Ecclesiastical  Titles  Bill,  a  bill  intro- 
duced by  Lord  Russel  declaring  all 
acts  done  by  Catholic  Bishops  and 
all  deeds  bestowing  property  on 
them  null  and  void  (1851),  11,  609 

Ecgberht,  King  of  Niercia,  794  A.  D.: 
becomes  over-lord  of  England,  11, 
40;  his  struggles  with  the  North- 
men, 42 

Echavari  (ca.  1825),  Mexican  general: 
revolt  of,  22,  264 

Echavarria,  Francisco,  a  Cuban  states- 
man: chosen  governor  of  Santiago 
de  Cuba  (1902),  22,  468 

Echaverri,  Francisco  (ca.  1760),  a 
Mexican  statesman:  acting  viceroy 
of  New  Spain,  22,  200 

Echenique,  Jose  Rufino  (1808-1879), 
Peruvian  soldier  and  statesman:  at 
the  battle  of  Jauja,  21,  195;  made 
president  of  Peru,  199;  candidate 
for  the  presidency  (1872),  210 

Echevarria  (Echeverria),  Esteban 
(1809-1851),  an  Argentine  poet: 
sketch  of,  21,  118 

Echezuria,  Colonel  (ca.  i860),  a  Ven- 
ezuelan soldier:  leads  insurrection 
in  Venezuela,  21,  97;  imprisoned, 
98 

Eck,  Johann  von  (1486-1543),  a  Ger- 
man theologian:  his  discussions  with 
Carlstadt  and  Luther,  18,  237 

Eckernforde,  Sleswig-Holstein:  battle 
of  (1848),  18,  400 

Eckmuhl,  Germany:  battle  of  (1809), 
9,  335,  10,  479,  18,  376 

Ecluse,  France:  battle  of  (1340),  9, 
93 

Ecnomus,  Sicily:  battle  of,  3,  101 

Economic  Conditions: 

AFRICA:   after   Arabian   conquest, 


222 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


i,  308;  Central  Africa  19,  125;  in 
general,  19,  286 

ARABIA:    before    the    coming    of 
Mohammed,  I,  189 
AUSTRALIA:   among  the   settlers, 
20,    182;    policy   of   Wakefield,    191, 
192 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  under  Ma- 
ria Theresa,  17,  258;  under  Joseph 
II,  269;  under  Francis  II,  303;  in 
1848,  375;  1878-1894,  430;  progress 
in  recent  times,  432;  progress  in 
Hungary,  452 

CHINA:  early  18th  century,  6,  108; 
famine  of   1850,    156;   famines   1874- 
1875,    242;    after    war    with    Japan, 
273,  274;  at  present  time,  318 
DENMARK:  under  Christian  V,  16, 

234 

EGYPT:  under  the  Arabs,  1,  299, 
300 

ENGLAND:  before  Roman  inva- 
sion, 11,  6;  among  the  Angles,  19; 
effects  of  Black  Death  (1348),  163; 
under  Richard  II,  174,  177;  agricul- 
ture abandoned  for  sheep-raising 
208;  under  Elizabeth,  298;  plague  of 
1665,  387;  under  Charles  II,  417; 
after  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  569, 
575;  19th  century,  592,  600,  601,  603 
FRANCE:  views  of  the  physiocrats, 
9,  14;  in  feudal  times,  67;  1359,  11, 
165;  under  Charles  VII,  9,  117;  re- 
forms of  Sully,  173;  under  Colbert, 
208,  209;  before  the  Revolution,  10, 
9;  reforms  of  Turgot,  27;  reforms 
of  Clugny,  28;  reforms  of  Necker, 
29;  under  Calonne  Ministry,  31;  dur- 
ing the  Revolution,  332;  after  the 
Reign  of  Terror,  9,  292;  at  estab- 
lishment of  Directory,  10,  369;  re- 
sults of  the  Revolution,  424;  under 
Louis  XVIII,  9,  369;  under  Mole 
ministry,  413;  (1848),  426;  (1856), 
449;  at  present  time,  489,  490 
GAUL:  at  time  of  Caesar,  3,  294 
GERMANY:  among  the  ancient 
tribes,  18,  7;  of  the  Franks,  65; 
under  Frederick  II,  174;  after  Thirty 
Years'  War,  295;  Prussia,  under 
Frederick  the  Great,  332;  after  Con- 
gress of  Vienna,  395;  under  Bis- 
marck, 446 


GREECE:  of  Aegean  peoples,  2, 
27;  of  Attica,  99,  103;  of  Athens, 
under  Solon,  104;  of  Athens  in  Age 
of  Pericles,  276;  at  Athens  during 
Peloponnesian  War,  282,  283;  during 
decline  of  Athens,  361;  at  present 
time,  547,  55 1 

INDIA:  main  treatment,  5,  20; 
famine  of  1770,  189;  under  Lord 
Mayo,  248;  famine  of  1877,  255;  un- 
der Lord  Elgin,  274;  effects  of  Bu- 
bonic plague  (1896),  282;  famine  of 
1900,  285;  reforms  of  Lord  Curzon, 
290 

IRELAND:  famine  of  1602,  12, 
106;  in  1 64 1,  114;  famine  and  pesti- 
lence (1652),  126;  under  penal  laws, 
165;  need  of  reform,  193,  195;  fam- 
ines of  1846-1847,  226,  230 
ISRAEL:  influence  of  Canaanite 
culture,  1,  379,  390,  391 
ITALY:  of  Greek  cities,  3,  27; 
among  the  Celts,  58;  under  Theod- 
oric,  4,  157;  effect  of  plague  and 
pestilence  (1855),  369;  last  part  of 
19th  century,  397 

JAPAN:  the  Taikwa  Reforms,  7, 
22,  23;  in  *.  ra  epoch,  33;  under 
Kamakura  government,  82;  Muro- 
machi  period,  97;  under  Edo  govern- 
ment, 129,  153;  abolition  of  the 
"  han,"  174;  since  1893,  199,  242 
MEXICO:  famine  of  1691,  22,  181; 
development  of  resources,  194,  413; 
famine  of  1750,  198 
NETHERLANDS:  in  1555,  13,  74; 
effects  of  the  Continental  System, 
268;  after  French  Revolution,  283; 
in  Belgium  since  1870,  309,  311 
NORWAY:  after  1838,  16,  262,  263 
PERSIA:  at  present  time,  5,  369 
ROME:  reforms  of  Licinius  and 
Sextius,  3,  49;  under  tribunate  of 
the  Plebs,  38;  system  of  farming, 
159,  160;  reforms  of  the  Gracchi, 
171;  after  the  fall  of  Gracchi,  183; 
reforms  of  Drusus,  203;  reforms  of 
Sulpicius,  209;  during  Revolutionary 
period,  242;  farming  system  revived 
by  Pompey,  267;  under  Caesar,  376, 
382;  under  Augustus,  4,  37 
RUSSIA:  under  Catharine  the 
Great,  15,  182;  under  Alexander  II, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


223 


325;    under    Nicholas    II,    352,    353, 

356 

SCOTLAND:  reforms  in,  12,  374 
SICILY:    among    the    Greek    colo- 
nists, 2,  85 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  in  Spanish 
colonies,  20,  93;  in  Colombia,  31, 
91;  in  Uruguay,  after  1850,  140;  sys- 
tem of  Francia  in  Paraguay,  151; 
in  Chili,  233;  in  Peru,  234;  effects 
of  war  on,  241;  of  Peru  since  de- 
feat by  Chili,  242;  wealth  of  the 
continent,  269 

SPAIN:  effect  of  Arabian  conquest, 
I,  320;  under  Roman  rule,  8,  30; 
reforms  of  Olivares,  376,  427;  re- 
forms under  Carlos  III,  418,  429; 
under  Philip  II,  425;  under  Philip  V, 
428;  general  resources,  430;  present 
resources,  480 

SWEDEN:  famines  (1446),  16,  130; 
improvement  in,  226;  under  Karl 
Johan,  260 

SWITZERLAND:  during  Roman 
occupation,  13,  322;  in  prehistoric 
times,  328;  1860-1880,  564;  since 
1874,  580,  581,  588 
TURKEY:  under  Suleiman  the 
Great,  14,  184;  famine  of  1575,  201; 
under  Mahmud  II,  435;  at  present 
time,  491 

UNITED  STATES:  among  Dutch 
colonists,  20,  65;  in  Virginia  colony, 
23,  60;  in  the  colonies,  125,  133; 
famine  of  1714  in  Spanish  colony  of 
Texas,  22,  187;  after  American  Rev- 
olution, 23,  312;  during  "  Era  of 
Good  Feeling,"  436,  441;  economic 
aspect  of  slavery,  24,  580;  in  1873, 
896;  under  the  Hayes  administra- 
tion, 917;  during  yellow  fever  epi- 
demic of  1878,  923;  during  Cleve- 
land's second  administration,  1002; 
during  last  century,  1086 
WEST  INDIES:  in  English  colo- 
nies, 20,  no,  in;  at  Santo  Domingo, 
I37l  of  Jamaica,  241;  abnormal  con- 
ditions, 242 

Economical  Reform  Bill,  a  bill  pro- 
posed by  Edmund  Burke  (1782),  11, 
522 

Ecuador,  a  political  division  of  South 


America:  separates  from  Colombia, 
21,  84;  formation  of,  84;  from  183 1 
to  1876,  105;  from  1876  to  1906, 
244 

Ecumenical  Council,  a  Church  Coun- 
cil held  at  Rome  (1869-1870),  4, 
393 

Eddas,  The,  collections  containing  the 
old  mythology  of  Scandinavia:  main 
treatment,  16,  7 

Edeco  (ca.  710  A.  D.),  a  Spanish  sol- 
dier: defeated  by  Arabs,  I,  312 

Eden,  Sir  Ashley  (1831-1887),  a  Brit- 
ish official  in  India:  sketch  of,  5, 
263 

Eden,  Charles  (d.  1729),  American  co- 
lonial statesman:  governor  of  North 
Carolina   (1714-1722),  23,  75 

Eden,  Emily  (1797-1869),  English  nov- 
elist: sketch  of,  5,  215 

Eden,  George,  Baron  Auckland:  see 
Auckland,  George  Eden,  Earl  of 

Edgar:  see  Eadgar 

Edge  (17th  century),  an  Arctic  ex- 
plorer: exploration  of,  16,  304 

Edgecomb,  Sir  Richard  (ca.  1487), 
English  official  in  Ireland:  his  mis- 
sion to  Ireland,  12,  72 

Edgehill,    England:    battle   of   (1642), 

xi,  344 

Edgeworth  of  Firmont,  Henry  Essex 
(1745-1807),  a  French  priest:  at- 
tends  Louis  XVI,  9,  281 

Edict,  The  Perpetual,  a  treaty  signed 
by  states  of  the  Netherlands  at 
March-en-Famenne    (1577),    13,    126 

Edict  of  Nantes:  see  Nantes,  Edict 
of 

Edinburgh,  Scotland,  called  the  Queen 
of  the  North  and  the  Maiden  Castle: 
siege  of  (1572),  12,  322 

Edinburgh,     Alfred     Ernest     Albert, 

Duke  of  (1844 ),  second  son  of 

Queen  Victoria:  visits  India,  5,  249 

Edinburgh,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  be- 
tween France  and  England  (1560), 

12,  313 

Edith  (ca.  935),  daughter  of  Athel- 
stan,  wife  of  Otto  I,  18,  108 

Edlibach,  Gerold  (15th  century),  a 
Swiss  writer:  sketch  of,  13,  428 

Edmer:  see  Eadmer 


224. 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Edmonstone,  Neil  Benjamin  (1754- 
1812),  foreign  secretary  for  Welles- 
ley,  5,  202 

Edmund:  see  Eadmund 

Edmund,  Saint:  see  Rich,  Edmund 

Edmund  Crouchback  (ca.  1250),  son 
of  Henry  III:  offered  crown  of  Si- 
cily and  Naples,  II,  136 

Edmund  Gamle,  King  of  Sweden, 
1050-1060:  reign  of,  16,  60;  death  of, 
100 

Edmunds,     George     Franklin     (1828 

),    an    American    statesman:    in 

Congress  organized  1869,  24,  862; 
member  of  the  Electoral  Commis- 
sion, 913  note;  as  Presidential  nom- 
inee (1880),  926;  support  transferred 
to  Garfield,  929;  candidate  for  Pres- 
idential nomination  (1884),  943 

Edmunds  Act,  an  act  passed  by  Con- 
gress to  suppress  Mormonism 
(1882):  passed,  24,  983 

Edmunds-Tucker  Act,  an  act  passed 
by  Congress  (1887)  providing  for 
the  dissolution  of  the  Mormon 
church  and  the  confiscation  of  its 
property:  passed,  24,  983 

Edo,  Japan:  rise  of,  7,  123;  taken  by 
imperial   forces,    169;   made   capital, 

174 

Edonian  Thracians:  see  Thracians, 
Edonian 

Edred:  see  Eadred 

Education: 
AFRICA:   in    government   schools, 
19,  268 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  under  King 
Stephen  of  Hungary,  7,  48;  restric- 
tions on,  in  Hungary,  61;  Univer- 
sity of  Prague,  17,  104,  18,  192; 
University  of  Vienna,  17,  104; 
Prague  as  a  center,  116;  University 
of  Funfkirchen,  154;  under  Ferdi- 
nand II,  182;  under  Maximilian, 
175;  in  Jesuit  schools,  189;  under 
Maria  Theresa,  257,  260,  261;  under 
Joseph  II,  267,  268;  under  Francis 
II,  289;  the  Hungarian  Academy, 
338;  under  the  Ausgleich,  400;  since 
1867,  417;  improvements  in  Hun- 
gary, 452 

CHINA:  under  the  Ming  rulers,  6, 
39;     proposed    reforms     of     Prince 


Kung,  260;  Imperial  University  re- 
organized, 291;  reforms  of  K'ang 
Yuwei,  276;  interest  in  western  edu- 
cation, 289;  reforms,  290;  at  present 
time,  320 

DENMARK:  under  Christian,  16, 
200 

ENGLAND:  under  Alfred  the 
Great,  11,  44;  in  the  monasteries, 
76,  92;  University  of  Oxford,  116; 
Merton  College  at  Oxford,  142;  first 
great  public  school  founded  at  Win- 
chester, 170;  during  Renaissance, 
238,  239;  under  Wolsey,  244;  in 
19th  century,  570;  Forster's  system, 
626 

FRANCE:  under  Charles  the  Great, 
9,  45;  University  of  Paris,  9,  79,  11, 
116;  school  established  at  St.  Cyr 
by  Madame  de  Maintenon,  11,  226; 
Douai  College,  11,  291,  13,  169;  un- 
der the  National  Convention,  io, 
362,  363;  reforms  of  Napoleon,  448; 
under  Charles  X,  9,  387;  reforms  of 
1833  and  1834,  403;  under  Louis 
Philippe,  421;  under  Third  Republic, 
482;  present  time,  487,  490 
GERMANY:  at  present  time,  18, 
436 

GREECE:  of  Spartans,  2,  67;  Ath- 
ens the  center  of,  for  Romans,  521; 
at  present  time,  550 
HOLY  ROMAN  EMPIRE:  under 
Charles  the  Great,  18,  87;  under 
Ludwig,  son  of  Charles  the  Great, 
89 

INDIA:  among  the  Aryans,  5,  48; 
status  of  women  instructors,  86;  un- 
der Wellesley,  202;  19th  century, 
232;  under  Lord  Mayo,  250;  en- 
couraged by  Lord  Curzon,  291 
IRELAND:  College  of  Maynooth, 
11,  604,  12,  204;  Bardic  school,  12, 
15;  progress,  33;  religion  con- 
nected with,  34;  revival  of  learning, 
46;  under  Brian  Boru,  47;  college 
founded  at  Youghal  (1463),  70;  un- 
der penal  laws,  161;  of  Catholics, 
200;  national  system  established, 
224;  the  Nation  newspaper  founded 
(1842),  228;  Queen's  colleges  and 
Queen's  University  founded  (1847), 
234 


GENERAL    INDEX 


225 


ITALY:  revival  of  learning,  4,  279; 
at  Universities  of  Bologna,  Padua, 
and  Salerno,  II,  116,  18,  176 
JAPAN:  progress  during  Nara 
epoch,  7,  34,  35;  Hei-An  epoch,  42; 
decline,  78;  under  Edo  government, 
129;  among  the  masses,  142 
MEXICO:   among  the   Aztecs,  23, 

7 

NETHERLANDS:  in  Belgium,  13, 

310;  new  system  in  Holland  (i860), 

315 

PERSIA:  neglect,  1,  180;  university 
founded  at  Susa,  5,  320;  revival  un- 
der Harun  Al  Raschid,  326 
PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS:  in  gov- 
ernment schools,  20,  320;  efficiency, 
364,  366 

POLAND:  suppression  of,  15,  296; 
University  of  Cracow,  375 
PORTUGAL:  establishment  of  Uni- 
versity of  Lisbon,  8,  284;  Univer- 
sity of  Evora,  449;  reforms  of  Joam 
V,  471;  reforms  of  Jose,  473 
ROME:  under  Vespasian,  4,  82;  see 
also  Italy 

RUSSIA:  at  Kiev,  15,  72;  Academy 
of  Science,  113,  114;  reforms  under 
Anne,  114;  University  of  Moscow, 
149;  under  Catharine  the  Great,  195; 
during  reactionary  period,  265;  un- 
der Nicholas  II,  350 
SCOTLAND:  University  of  St.  An- 
drews, 12,  290;  introduction  of 
printing,  301;  University  of  Aber- 
deen, 301;  compulsory  school  law 
applying  to  sons  of  barons  and  free- 
holders (1496),  309;  national  system 
recast  under  William,  356 
SERVIA:  establishment  of  schools, 
M,  423 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  Jesuit  College 
in  Brazil,  20,  92;  Jesuit  schools, 
93;  in  republic  of  Colombia,  91;  in 
Quito,  106;  in  Ecuador,  108;  in 
Argentine  Republic  under  Mitre, 
133;  in  Paraguay,  155,  260;  in  Lima, 
214;  condition  of,  in  Chili,  228,  241; 
defects  of  system  in  Peru,  242;  of 
Uruguay,  259 

SPAIN:  among  the  Saracens,  1, 
347;  at  Osca  during  Roman  occupa- 
tion, 3,  256;  Academies  founded  by 


Philip  I,  8,  412;  at  University  of 
Cordova,  18,  176;  improved  under 
Carlos  III,  8,  419;  at  present  time, 

517 

SWEDEN:  under  Gustaf  Vasa,  16, 
159;  under  Gustavus  Adolphus,  178, 
179 

SWITZERLAND:  under  Charles 
the  Great,  13,  341;  at  the  monaster- 
ies, 343,  346;  at  St.  Gall's,  343;  Uni- 
versity of  Basle,  428;  during  the 
Renaissance,  428;  University  of  Lau- 
sanne, 448;  after  Reformation,  452; 
study  of  the  classics,  453;  progress, 
482,  483;  reforms  of  Pestalozzi,  496, 
522,  523;  reforms  of  Stapfer,  514; 
after  the  French  Revolution,  521, 
522;  reforms  in  Glarus,  542;  under 
Jesuits,  549;  establishment  of  Fed- 
eral University,  557;  since  1874, 
583 

TURKEY:  under  Mohammed 
(Mahmud)  II,  14,  98,  435;  encour- 
agement of,  under  Selim  III,  377, 
278 

UNITED  STATES:  in  Spanish  and 
Indian  colonies,  23,  44;  in  Virginia 
colony,  67;  Harvard  College  founded 
(1636),  91,  140;  Yale  College 
founded,  140;  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 141;  University  of  Virginia, 
383;  among  the  Southern  upper  class, 
24,  589;  of  negroes  in  South,  874 

Education  Act,  an  act  regulating  edu- 
cation in  England  (1870):  passed, 
11,  626 

Edward  the  Confessor  (ca.  1004-1066), 
King  of  England,  1041-1066:  acces- 
sion of,  11,  61,  16,  33;  reign  of, 
16,  61 

Edward  (I)  Longshanks,  King  of 
England  (1272-1307),  called  the  Eng- 
lish Justinian,  the  Hammer  of  Scot- 
land and  the  Scourge  of  Scotland: 
born  at  Westminster,  June  17,  1239, 
eldest  son  of  Henry  III  and  Eleanor 
of  Provence;  married  Eleanor  of 
Castile,  1254;  took  part  in  the  civil 
war  between  Henry  and  the  barons 
under  the  Earl  of  Leicester  and  was 
captured  by  the  latter,  1264,  but  es- 
caped and  defeated  the  baron  at 
Evesham,   1265;  was  with  the  Cru- 


226 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


saders,  1270-1272;  succeeded  to  the 
throne,  1272,  and  was  crowned,  1274; 
engaged  in  the  conquest  of  Wales, 
1276-1284;  expelled  the  Jews  from 
England,  1290;  appointed  arbitrator 
to  decide  between  the  claimants  of 
the  Scottish  throne,  Bruce  and  Ba- 
liol,  1290;  defeated  the  Scots  at  Dun- 
bar, 1296,  carried  the  Scotch  coro- 
nation stone  to  London,  and  placed 
Scotland  under  an  English  regent; 
the  latter  was  defeated  by  Sir  Wil- 
liam Wallace,  1297,  and  he  in  turn 
was  defeated  by  Edward  at  the 
battle  of  Falkirk,  1298;  Edward 
again  invaded  Scotland,  1303,  re- 
ceived the  submission  of  Bruce  and 
ordered  the  execution  of  Wallace, 
1305;  married  Margaret  of  France, 
1299;  concluded  the  Peace  of 
Amiens,  with  Philip  IV  of  France, 
1303;  died  at  Burgh-on-the-Sands, 
near  Carlyle,  England,  while  on  his 
way  to  Scotland  to  suppress  a  re- 
volt, July  7,  1307 

Marries  Eleanor  of  Castile,  8,  152; 
appeal  of  the  Knights  Bachelors  to, 

11,  139;  surrenders  to  baronial 
forces,  140;  carries  out  reforms  of 
Simon  de  Montfort,  141;  reign  of, 
143;  forms  alliance  with  Alfonso  III 
of  Aragon,  8,  247;  his  alliance  with 
Adolf  of  Nassau,  18,  183;  his  rela- 
tions with  Scotland,  12,  268;  condi- 
tion of  Ireland  under,  58;  his  dif- 
ferences with  Philip  III  of  France, 
9,87 

Edward  II  (1284-1327),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1307-1327:  birth,  11,  144;  reign 
of,  152;  persecutes  the  Templars,  9, 
89;     his     relations     with     Scotland, 

12,  278;  resigns  the  crown,  11,  155; 
murdered,  155 

Edward  III  (1312-1377),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1327-1377,  called  the  Father 
of  English  Commerce  and  King  of 
the  Sea:  reign  of,  II,  156;  claims 
French  crown,  9,  92,  11,  159,  13,  33; 
attempts  to  break  the  power  of  the 
Irish  lords,  12,  63;  condition  of  Ire- 
land under,  66;  his  relations  with 
Scotland,   II,    165,   12,   283;   his   al- 


liance with  Lewis  of  Bavaria,  18, 
189;  forms  alliance  with  Charles  the 
Bad  of  Navarre,  8,  210,  211;  death 
of,  11,  172 

Edward  IV  (1441-1483),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1461-1483:  concludes  alliance 
with  Charles  the  Rash  of  Burgundy, 
13,  44;  his  relations  with  Scotland, 
12,  296;  flees  to  Calais,  II,  211;  wins 
battle  of  Mortimer's  Cross,  212; 
crowned,  213,  214;  invades  France,  9, 
124,  13,  46 

Edward  V  (1470-1483),  King  of  Eng- 
land, April-June,  1483:  accession  of, 
11,  219;  death  of,  221 

Edward  VI  (1537-1553),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1547-1553,  called  the  Josiah 
of  his  Country  or  of  England:  birth 
of,  11,  258;  reign  of,  264;  condition 
of  Ireland  under,  12,  85 

Edward     VII     (1841 ),     King     of 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland  and  Em- 
peror of  India,  1901 :  ancestors 

of,  16,  70;  visits  India,  5,  253;  ac- 
cession of,  5,  288,  11,  642 

Edward  (1330-1376),  Prince  of  Wales, 
called  the  Black  Prince:  invades 
Normandy,  11,  160;  at  war  with 
Charles  V,  9,  94,  11,  168;  assumes 
leadership  of  the  Commons,  11, 
172;  reinstates  Pedro  the  Cruel,  8, 
167;  death  of,  11,  172 

Edward  (d.  1471),  Prince  of  Wales, 
son  of  Henry  VI:  birth  of,  11,  210; 
death  of,  217 

Edward  (14th  century),  Count  of  Sa- 
voy: reign  of,  4,  275 

Edward  of  Portugal:  see  Duarte 

Edwardes,  Herbert  Benjamin  (1819- 
1868),  an  English  general:  attempts 
to  prevent  outbreak  in  the  Punjab, 
5,  225 

Edwards,  Jonathan  (1 703-1 758),  an 
American  theologian  and  metaphy- 
sician: his  reputation,  23,  139;  his 
writings,  142 

Edwig:  see  Eadwig 

Edwin:  see  Eadwine 

Edzart  (ca.  1500),  Count  of  Friesland: 
chosen  count,  13,  51;  adopts  the 
Reformation,  54 

Eetionea,  Greece:  fort  of,  2,  361 


GENERAL    INDEX 


227 


Egede,  Hans  (1686-1758),  Danish  mis- 
sionary:   his    labors    in    Greenland, 

16,  48,  237 

Eger,  Bohemia:  annexed  by  Bohemia, 

17,  73',  surrendered  to  the  Empire, 
75;  siege  of  (1552),  219 

Egerton,    Robert    Eyles,    (1827 ), 

Indian  civil  service:  sketch  of,  5, 
263 

Egilbert  (ca.  1050),  Archbishop  of 
Prague:  crowns  Vratislav  and 
Svatova  of  Bohemia,  17,  65 

Egilona  (700  A.  D.),  widow  of  Rod- 
eric:  hostage  to  the  Saracens,  1, 
319,  8,  52 

Eginus  (ca.  1050),  Bishop  of  Dalby: 
sketch  of,  16,  62 

Egmont,  Lam  oral,  Count  of  (1522- 
1568),  Dutch  nobleman:  attempts  to 
gain  regency  of  Low  Countries,  8, 
367;  his  campaigns  against  the 
French,  13,  70;  permits  no  persecu- 
tions in  his  provinces,  77;  joins  plot 
against  Granvelle,  78;  envoy  to  Spain, 
82;  joins  confederates,  89;  resigns 
his  government  position,  90;  yields 
to  the  seductions  of  the  government, 
99;  takes  the  new  oath  of  allegiance, 
102;  arrest  of,  8,  359,  13,  105;  death 
of,  8,  359,  13,  108 

Egnatius,  Gellius  (d.  295  B.  C.)»  Sam- 
•  nite  leader,  3,  72 

Egnen,  Polish  Prussia:  battle  of 
(1621),  16,  179 

Egusquiza,  President  of  Paraguay 
1894-1898:  administration  of,  31,  2C0 

Egypt,  northeastern  Africa,  called  the 
Granary  of  Turkey:  the  land  and 
the  people,  I,  3;  chronology  and 
history,  11;  religion  and  mythology, 
41;  arts  and  general  culture,  50; 
relation  of  civilization  to  Greece,  2, 
21;  to  Crete,  22;  inscriptions  in,  re- 
lating to  Greece,  25,  33;  ravaged  by 
Achaians  and  Danai,  33,  51;  religion 
of,  compared  to  religion  of  Greeks, 
40;  Greek  intercourse  with,  87;  re- 
duced by  Cambyses,  127;  Athenian 
campaigns  in,  240,  246;  Agesilaus 
in,  452;  conquered  by  Alexander, 
495;  assigned  to  Ptolemy  I  after 
death  of  Alexander,  512;  Greek  pros- 


perity in,  513;  absorbed  by  Rome,  2, 
522,  3,  151;  condition  under  Roman 
rule,  3,  162;  schemes  to  unite  her 
with  Rome,  276;  governed  by  Rufio, 
3,  371,  4,  27;  conquered  by  Saracens, 
2>  533.  14,  45  aids  Turks  against 
Greeks,  2,  544;  French  expedition  to, 
IO,  398;  comes  under  the  control  of 
England  and  France,  II,  633;  Ti- 
mur's  attack  on  empire  of,  14,  48; 
Prince  Djem  aided  by,  108,  112; 
Turkish  wars  with,  114;  subdued  by 
the  Turks,  133;  disorders  in,  292, 
326;  Mamelukes  rebel  in,  344; 
wrested  from  France,  384;  English 
expedition  against,  398;  Turko- 
Egyptian  war,  437;  sketch  of  her 
history,  19,  266;  government  of,  20, 
262 

Ehrenskiold,  Nils  (1674-1728),  Swed- 
ish admiral:  taken  prisoner,  15,  64 

Ehrestfer,  Russia:  battle  of  (1702), 
IS,  42 

Eikyo,  Korea:  captured  by  the  Jap- 
anese, 7,  1 18 

Einhard  (Eginhard)  (d.  844  A.  D.), 
French  historian:  at  court  of 
Charlemagne,   18,  86 

Eion,  Asia  Minor:  conquered  by  Athe- 
nians, 2,  228;  Thucydides  at,  314 

Eira,  Greece:  fall  of,  2,  75 

Eisleben,  The  Monk  of:  see  Luther 

Ejnar  (ca.  900  A.  D.),  Scandinavian 
noble:  driven  into  exile,  16,  42 

Ejsten,  King  of  Denmark,  ca.  1100  A. 
D.:  chosen  king,  16,  97 

Ekbert  (ca.  1050),  Count  of  Bruns- 
wick: companion  of  Henry  IV  of 
Germany,  18,  131 

Ekkehard  I  (d.  973  A.  D.),  German 
scholar:  sketch  of,  13,  345 

Ekkehard  II  (d.  990  A.  D.),  German 
scholar:  sketch  of,  13,  346 

Ekkehard  IV  (d.  1056),  German 
scholar:  sketch  of,   13,  346 

Ekmtthl,  Austria:  battle  of  (1809),  17, 
298 

Elagabalus  (Bassianus),  Roman  Em- 
peror, 218-222  A.  D.:  reign  of,  4, 
104;  death,  105 

Elah,  King  of  Israel,  ca.  870  B.  C: 
reign  of,  1,  389 


228 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Elam,  Arabia:  conquered  by  the  As- 
syrians, i,  91 

El-Arisch,  Egypt:  taken  by  Napoleon, 
14,  382;  convention  of  (1801),  be- 
tween France  and  Egypt,  9,  317 

El  Asiento,  Treaty  of,  concluded  be- 
tween Spain  and  England  (1712), 
22,  187 

Elbee,  Gigot  d'  (1752-1794),  Vendean 
general:  supports  insurrection  in  the 
Vendee,  9,  283 

Elbing,  West  Prussia:  taken  by  the 
Russians   (1758),  15,  148 

El  Caney,  West  Indies:  battle  of 
(1898),  22,  459,  24,  1029 

Elchingen,  Bavaria:  battle  of  (1805), 
9,  326 

Eleanor  of  Castile  (d.  1290):  marries 
Edward  I  of  England,  8,  152;  death 
of,  11,  147 

Eleanor  of  Guienne  (1 122-1203),  Aqui- 
taine  princess:  marries  Louis  VII 
of  France,  9,  72;  marries  Henry  II 
of  England,  9,  74,  11,  96;  defends 
Aquitaine  against  France,  11,  122 

Eleanor  of  Provence  (d.  1291):  mar- 
ries   Henry    III    of    England,    11, 

134 

Eleanor:  see  also  Leonora 

Elector,  The  Great:  see  Frederick 
William,  the  Great  Elector  of  Bran- 
denburg 

Electoral  Commission,  The,  a  board 
of  Commissioners  created  by  act  of 
Congress  (1877)  for  the  purpose  of 
deciding  disputed  cases  in  the  presi- 
dential election  of  1876,  24,  911 

Electoral  Laws,  sanctioning  a  legal 
course  in  the  nomination  of  French 
deputies   (1817),  9,  369,  374 

Electoral  Reform  Act  in  Jamaica 
(1840),  enfranchising  the  negroes, 
20,  244 

Elegia,  Asia:  battle  of,  4,  96 

El  Embudo,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1847), 
22,  305 

Elephant,  Order  of  the,  Danish 
Knighthood,   16,   234 

Elepoo:  see  Ilipu 

Eleusis,  division  of  Attica:  mysteries 
of,  2,  332;  seized  by  Thirty  Tyrants, 
387 


Elgin,  James  Bruce,   Earl  of   (1811- 

1863),  British  statesman:  his  admin- 
istration as  governor  of  Canada,  20, 
158,  162;  appointed  British  ambas- 
sador to  China,  6,  160;  arrives  at 
Hongkong,  161;  presents  ultimatum, 
162;  arrives  at  Tientsin,  165,  175; 
goes  to  Peiho,  165;  signs  treaty,  166; 
advances  towards  Peking,  177;  signs 
treaty  in  Peking,  185;  again  ap- 
pointed ambassador,  6,  278,  9,  451; 
his  governor-generalship  of  India, 
5,  244 

Elgin,  Victor  Alexander  Bruce,  Earl 

(1849 ),    British    statesman:    his 

governor-generalship  of  India,  5, 
274 

Elhadj  Mohammed  Pasha  (ca.  1725), 
Grand  Vizier  of  Turkey:  account  of, 
14,  314 

El-Haj  Omar  (ca.  1830),  African 
chief:  at  war  with  the  French,  19, 
48 

Elias,  Domingo  (ca.  1850),  Peruvian 
statesman:  declares  himself  presi- 
dent of  Peru,  21,  198 

Elie  (ca.  1790),  French  Revolutionist: 
leads    attack    on    the    -Bastile,    10, 

65 

Elijah  (ca.  900  B.  C),  Hebrew 
prophet:  sketch  of,  1,  391 

Eliot,  John,  called  the  "  Apostle  of  the 
Indians:"  born  at  Nasing,  Essex, 
England,  1604;  was  educated  at 
Cambridge;  emigrated  to  Boston, 
1631,  and  became  minister  of  the 
church  at  Roxbury;  after  learning 
the  Indian  tongue,  he  traveled  from 
tribe  to  tribe  preaching  to  them; 
had  great  influence  over  the  Indi- 
ans; translated  the  Bible  into  the 
Indian  language,  1661-1663;  died  in 
Roxbury,  Mass.,  May  20,  1690 

Reduces  Indian  language  to  writ- 
ing, 23,  12;  imprisoned,  88;  called 
Apostle  to  the  Indians,  97;  aids  in 
editing  Bay  Psalm  Book,  143 

Eliot,  Sir  John  (1590-1632),  English 
statesman  and  orator:  leader  of  Op- 
position Party,  11,  321;  death  of, 
329 

Eliott,  George  Augustus,  Lord  Heath- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


229 


field  (1718-1790),  British  general: 
defends  Gibraltar  (1779),  8,  417,  9, 
256 

Elis,  Greece:  description  of,  2,  17;  feud 
with  Pisa,  74,  75;  makes  war  on 
Sparta,  321,  440;  wars  of,  with  the 
Arcadians,  446;  civil  war  in,  leads  to 
alliance  with  Philip  of  Macedon,  470 

Elisha  (850  B.  C),  Hebrew  prophet: 
sketch  of,  1,  391 

Elissa  (9th  century  B.  C.),  Phoenician 
princess:  founds  Carthage,  1,  123 

Elizabeth,  Queen  of  England,  1558- 
1603,  called  the  Queen  of  the 
Northern  Seas:  born  at  Greenwich, 
England,  September  7,  1533;  was 
the  daughter  of  Henry  VII  and 
Anne  Boleyn;  was  educated  under 
reform  influence,  being  taught  the 
classical  languages  by  Roger 
Ascham;  was  confined  in  the 
Tower,  1554,  by  Queen  Mary  on 
charge  of  being  concerned  in  Wy- 
att's  rebellion;  succeeded  to  the 
throne  on  the  death  of  Mary,  1558; 
repealed  the  Catholic  statutes  of 
Mary's  reign  and  reestablished  the 
Anglican  Church;  concluded  the 
Treaty  of  Troyes  with  France,  1564; 
signed  the  death  warrant  of  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots,  1587;  defeated  the 
Spanish  Armada,  1588;  supported 
the  Protestant  cause  in  the  Nether- 
lands; encouraged  commercial  and 
literary  undertakings;  died  at  Rich- 
mond, near  London,  March  24,  1603 
Birth  of,  II,  254;  imprisoned,  270; 
reign  of,  274;  aids  Henry  IV  of 
France  against  Philip  II  of  Spain, 
8,  356,  13,  71;  aids  Protestant  refu- 
gees from  the  Netherlands,  8,  360; 
attempts  to  restore  Antonio  to  Por- 
tuguese throne,  454;  aids  the  Con- 
gregation in  Scotland,  12,  313;  im- 
prisons Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  319; 
opens  English  ports  to  Flemish  ref- 
ugees, 13,  107;  intercedes  for  Dutch 
Protestants,  121;  concludes  treaty 
with  Dutch  Protestants,  126;  re- 
fuses to  marry  the  Duke  of  Anjou, 
137;  abandons  the  Dutch  Republic, 
171;  seeks  aid  of  Turkey,  14,  202; 
her    relations    with    Russia,    15,    17; 


Erik  XIV  solicits  the  hand  of,  16, 
161;  charters  African  Company,  19, 
30;  encourages  English  seamen,  23, 
51;  her  commercial  restrictions  on 
colonists,  66;  death  of,  13,  177 

Elizabeth,  Queen  of  Hungary,  ca. 
1430:  reign  of,  17,  157 

Elizabeth  (ca.  1250),  wife  of  Conrad 
IV:  guardian  of  Conradin,  18,  168 

Elizabeth  (ca.  1300),  wife  of  Albert  I 
of  Germany:  revenge  of,  18,  185 

Elizabeth  (ca.  1300),  daughter  of  Wen- 
zel  II  of  Bohemia:  marries  John, 
son  of  Henry  of  Luxemburg,  18, 
185 

Elizabeth  (1764-1794),  Princess  of 
France:  death  of,  9,  289 

Elizabeth  (ca.  1350),  Princess  of  Hol- 
stein-Gottorp:  sketch  of,  16,  116 

Elizabeth  (ca.  1400),  Countess  of  Hol- 
stein:  makes  war  upon  Danes,  16, 
125 

Elizabeth  of  Bavaria  (1 837-1898), 
Empress  of  Austria:  marries  Fran- 
cis Joseph,  17,  383;  death  of,  456 

Elizabeth  of  Bohemia  (ca.  1400) :  mar- 
ries Albert  V  of  Austria,  17,  106 

Elizabeth  of  Brunswick-Bevern  (1715- 
I797)>  Queen  of  Prussia:  wife  of 
Frederick  the  Great,  18,  328 

Elizabeth  of  France  (1 545-1 568):  mar- 
ries Philip  II  of  Spain,  8,  355,  9, 
149 

Elizabeth  of  York  (1466-1503):  mar- 
ries Henry  VII,  11,  223 

Elizabeth  Alexievna  (1779-1826),  Em- 
press of  Russia:  sketch  of,  15,  268 

Elizabeth  Petrovna  (1 709-1761),  Em- 
press of  Russia:  plans  for  her  mar- 
riage, 15,  94;  account  of,  103,  109; 
conspiracies  to  place  her  on  the 
throne,  125,  129,  131;  reign  of,  15, 
I33i  !6,  228;  forms  alliance  with 
Austria,  18,  332 

Elizabeth  Stuart  (1596-1662),  Queen  of 
Bohemia,  called  the  Queen  of 
Hearts  and  Goody  Palsgrave:  mar- 
ries  Frederick  V,   Elector  Palatine, 

11,  3ii 
Elizabethtown,    New   Jersey:    settled, 

23,  108;  first  assembly  meets  at,  108 
Elizalde    (19th    century),    minister    of 

Foreign    Affairs    of    Argentine    Re- 


230 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


public:  favors  a  Brazilian  alliance, 
31,  132 

Elkins  Law,  a  law  in  the  United 
States  aimed  at  the  character  of 
trusts  (1901),  24,  1052 

Ellauri,  Jose,  a  South  American 
statesman:  president  of  Uruguay 
(1873-1875),  31,  146 

Ellenborough:  see  Law,  Edward 

Elles,  Eir  Edmond  Roche  (1848 ), 

English  official  in  India:  sketch  of, 
5,  279;  resigns  as  military  member 
of  council,  305 

Elliot,  Captain  (ca.  1836),  English  of- 
ficer in  China:  in  Opium  War,  6, 
130 

Elliot,  Gilbert,  Earl  of  Minto,  gov- 
ernor-general of  India,  1807-1813: 
appointed,  5,  205 

Ellis,  Sir  Barrow  Helbert  (1 823-1 887), 
member  of  council  of  India,  1875- 
1885:  sketch  of,  5,  251;  negotiates 
Treaty  of  Teheran,  360 

Ellis,  Edward  (ca.  1579),  English 
merchant:  sent  to  Constantinople, 
14,  202 

Ellmaker,  Amos,  American  politician: 
nominated  for  Vice-President 
(1833),  23,  498 

Ellsworth,  Ephraim  Elmer  (d.  1861), 
American  soldier:  killed,  24,  731 

Ellsworth,  Oliver,  American  states- 
man and  jurist:  in  constitutional 
convention,  23,  324;  in  first  Con- 
gress, 343;  plans  organization  of  na- 
tional judiciary,  346;  administers 
oath  to  President  Adams,  371;  ap- 
pointed envoy,  376 

El-Melik-el-Mo'izz :  see  Eybek 

El  Mina  (St.  Jorge  da  Mina),  Africa: 
founded,  19,  18;  captured  by  the 
Dutch,  36 

Elms,  City  of:  see  New  Haven,  Con- 
necticut 

Elobey,  island  in  Pacific  Ocean  near 
Africa:  under  Spanish  rule,  20,  299 

Eloquent,  Old  Man:  see  Adams,  John 
Quincy 

Elorriega,  Francisco,  a  Mexican  poli- 
tician: candidate  for  president  of 
Mexico,  1846,  22,  315 

Elphinstone,     John      (1722-1785),     a 


Scotch  naval  officer:  at  the  battle  of 
Tchesme,   15,   178 

Elphinstone,  Mountstuart  (1 779-1859), 
British  governor  of  Bombay:  envoy 
to  Afghanistan,  5,  205,  216 

Elphinstone,  William  George  Keith 
(1782-1842),  an  English  general  in 
India:  sketch  of,  5,  218 

El  Pilar,  Peace  of,  a  peace  concluded 
in  1820  between  South  American 
provinces,  31,  71,  119 

Elulaeus  (Luli),  King  of  Tyre,  ca.  728- 
692  B.  C. :  defeated  by  Sennacherib, 
I,  87;  reign  of,  124 

Elvas,  Spain:  battle  of  (1659),  8,  465 

Elvira,  Dona  (ca.  965  A.  D.),  abbess 
of  San  Salvador  convent:  regent  of 
Leon,  8,  137 

Elwas  Mohammed  (ca.  1697),  Grand 
Vizier  of  Turkey:  unpopularity  of, 
14,  262 

Emancipation,  of  negroes  in  United 
States:  Fremont  declares  Missouri 
slaves  free,  24,741;  agitated  as  a  war 
measure,  766;  Confiscation  Act 
(1862),  effecting,  766;  gradual,  766; 
importuned  by  delegations,  767 

Emancipation  Act,  Catholic,  in  Eng- 
lish history:  an  act  admitting  Cath- 
olics to  both  Houses  of  Parliament 
(1829),  12,  222 

Emancipation  Proclamation,  issued  by 
Abraham  Lincoln  freeing  slaves  in 
America  (1863):  preliminary,  24, 
766;  final,  767;  Lincoln's  justification 
for,  768;  made  permanent  by  thir- 
teenth amendment,  841 

Embalmed  Beef  Scandal,  scandal  con- 
cerning the  beef  given  to  the  sol- 
diers during  the  Spanish-American 
War  (1898),  24,  1034 

Embree,  Elihu,  an  American  editor: 
publishes  first  abolition  paper  in 
America,  24,  573 

Emeran,  St.,  of  Poitiers  (ca.  710  A. 
D.),  a  German  prelate:  founds  the 
bishopric  of  Salzburg,  17,  88 

Emerich,  St  (d.  1031),  Prince  of  Hun- 
gary, son  of  St.  Stephen:  death  of, 
17,  50 

Emerich,  King  of  Hungary,  1 196-1204: 
reign  of,  17,  55 


GENERAL    INDEX 


231 


Emerson,  Ralph  Waldo  (1803-1882), 
an  American  poet,  lecturer  and  es- 
sayist: in  American  literature,  23, 
481;  member  of  American  Anti- 
Slavery  Society,  24,  574 

Emesa,  ancient  city  in  Arabia:  de- 
scription of,  1,  279;  conquered  by 
the  Saracens,  279 

Emi  Oshikazu  (ca.  760  A.  D.),  Prime 
Minister  of  Japan:  rebellion  of,  7, 
36 

Emigrant-Aid  Society,  organized  in 
Massachusetts,  24,  647 

Emigrants,  The  (Emigres,  Les),  the 
royalists  who  left  France  in  1789 
and  succeeding  years:  consternation 
of,  on  the  king's  arrest,  10,  142; 
Girondists  desire  rigorous  measures 
against,  157;  invited  by  the  king  to 
return,  159;  act  of  pardon  proposed 
in  favor  of,  446 

Emin  Mohammed  (d.  1769),  Grand 
Vizier  of  Turkey:  recalled,  14,  324 

Emin  Pasha  (1840-1892),  a  noted  Af- 
rican explorer:  beleaguered  by  the 
Mahdi,  19,  138;  enters  the  service 
of  Germany,  143;  the  German  expe- 
dition for  relief  of,  186 

Emishi,  Japan:  rebellion  of,  7,  10; 
brought  into  subjection,  27 

Emma,  Queen  of  England,  ca.  1000 
A.  D. :  influence  of,  16,  32 

Emma  of  Waldeck,  Queen  of  Holland, 
1879-1890:  marriage  of,  13,  318;  re- 
gency of,  318 

Emmanuel  (I)  the  Great  (1469-1521), 
King  of  Portugal,  1495-1521:  rela- 
tion of  Indian  sovereigns  to,  20,  39 

Emmanuel  (Manuel)  Philibert  (1528- 
1580),  Duke  of  Savoy,  an  Italian 
general:  at  battle  of  St.  Quentin,  4, 
307;  reign  of,  307;  aids  Venice 
against  Turks,  309;  claims  throne 
of  Spain,  8,  448;  commands  Spanish 
forces,  13,  70;  asserts  his  claim  in 
Switzerland,  458 

Emmet,  Robert  (1 778-1803),  an  Irish 
revolutionist:  insurrection  of,  12, 
218 

Emmet,  Thomas  Addis  (1 764-1 827), 
an  Irish  lawyer  and  politician:  joins 
the  United  Irishmen,  12,  207 


Emperor,   the   Iron:    see   Nicholas   I, 

Emperor  of  Russia 
Emperor  of  China:  title  first  assumed 

by  Manchu  rulers  (1635),  6,  49 
Emperors,   Battle  of  the  Three:   see 

Austerlitz:  battle  of  (1805) 
Emperors,  The  Five  Good:  see  Nerva, 

Trajan,  Hadrian,  Antonius  Pius,  and 

Marcus  Aurelius,  Roman  Emperors 
Empire  State,  The:  see  New  York 
Empire  State  of  the  South,  The:  see 

Georgia 
Emporiae,  Spain:  makes  alliance  with 

Rome,  3,  113 
Empremesnil,    d'    (ca.    1789),    French 

deputy:  joins   advocates  of  liberty, 

10,  46 

Empson,  Richard  (d.  1510),  English 
politician:  instrument  of  Henry  VII, 

11,  230;  executed,  235 

Ems,  Syria:  battle  of  (1832),  14,  434 

Encumbered  Estates  Act,  in  Irish  his- 
tory: an  act  providing  for  the  com- 
pulsory sale  of  estates  whose  rents 
were  mortgaged  (1848),  11,  607,  12, 
238  note 

Enderby  Land,  Antarctic  Ocean:  dis- 
covered (1831),  16,  334 

Endicott,  John  (1589-1665),  American 
colonist:  breaks  up  settlement  of 
Merrymount,  23,  85;  receives  grant 
from  Plymouth  Company,  86 

Endicott,  William  Crowinshield  (1827 
),  American  politician:  Secre- 
tary of  War,  24,  950  note 

Endius  (ca.  420  B.  C),  Spartan  leader: 
member  of  the  Ephoralty,  2,  351; 
envoy  to  Athens,  365 

Enfant,  Major  1'  (ca.  1790),  French 
engineer:  plans  City  of  Washington, 
23,  350 

Enforcement  Acts,  giving  jurisdiction 
to  Federal  Courts  over  offenses 
against  the  negroes:  passed,  24,  870; 
decision  of  Supreme  Court  respect- 
ing, 873 

Engelbrechtsson,  Engelbrecht  (ca. 
1420),  Danish  rebel:  leads  Swedish 
revolt,  16,  127 

Engelbrechtsson,  Olaf  (d.  1538), 
Archbishop  of  Drontheim:  death  of, 
16,  196 


232 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Enghien:  see  Steenkirk 

Enghien,  Louis  Antoine  Henri  (1772- 
1804),  a  French  prince:  death  of,  9, 
321,  10,  456,  18,  366 

Enghien,  Louis  of  Bourbon,  Duke  of: 
see  Conde,  Louis  of  Bourbon, 
Prince  of 

England,  the  largest  division  of  Great 
Britain,  called  the  Ocean's  Queen: 
condition  of  the  Jews,  1,  419;  pro- 
tests against  action  of  Russia,  6, 
311;  signs  treaty  with  Japan  (1902), 
312;  signs  new  treaty  with  Japan 
(1905),  315;  begins  trade  with  Japan, 
7»  135;  concludes  treaty  with  China 
277;  her  relations  with  Turkey,  14, 
7,  160,  202;  attitude  toward  Russia 
14,  358,  360,  361;  allied  with  Russia 
322;  joins  triple  alliance  (1788),  360; 
allies  against  France,  380;  interven- 
tion of,  in  Turkey,  267,  284,  290,  299, 
347,  423;  refuses  aid  to  the  Sultan, 
435;  in  agreement  of  the  Darda- 
nelles, 437;  hostile  to  Russia,  487; 
in  Africa,  19,  71;  present  African 
possessions  of,  266;  claims  in  Dela- 
ware, 23,  107;  dominate  in  colonies, 
126;  population  of,  in  French  and 
Indian  war,  173;  attitude  toward 
Indians,  175;  Northwest  boundary 
dispute,  443;  opposes  intervention 
in  South  America,  446;  Northeast 
boundary  dispute,  514;  prepares  for 
war  with  United  States  (1861),  34, 
729;  in  joint  intervention  against 
Mexico,  875;  appoints  Behring  Sea 
arbitrators,  980;  Alaskan-Canadian 
boundary  dispute,  1054;  see  also 
Great  Britain  and  England,  History 
of 

England,  History  of:  prehistoric  and 
Roman  Britain,  11,  3;  the  English 
settlements,  17;  the  strife  of  the 
English  kingdoms,  27;  the  kingship 
and  struggle  with  the  Danes,  41; 
Eadgar's  England,  50;  England  and 
Normandy,  56;  William  I,  71;  Wil- 
liam II,  97;  Richard  I,  112;  John, 
121;  Henry  III,  130;  Edward  I  — 
Edward  II,  143;  from  the  accession 
of  Edward  III  to  the  Treaty  of 
Bretigni,  167;  Richard  II  and  the  so- 


cial revolution,  173;  Richard  II  and 
the  political  revolution,  180;  Henry 
IV  —  Henry  V,  191;  Henry  VI  and 
the  loss  of  France,  201;  the  later 
years  of  Henry  VI,  208;  the  Yorkish 
kings,  214;  Henry  VII,  223;  Henry 
VIII  and  Wolsey,  235;  the  breach 
with  the  Papacy,  243;  the  royal  su- 
premacy, 254;  Edward  VI  —  Mary, 
264;  the  Elizabethan  settlement  in 
church  and  state,  274;  Elizabeth 
and  the  European  conflict,  285; 
Elizabeth's  years  of  triumph,  295; 
James  I,  307;  the  growth  of  the 
personal  government  of  Charles  I, 
332;  the  formation  of  parliamentary 
parties  and  first  years  of  the  civil 
war,  340;  the  New  Model  Army, 
351;  the  commonwealth  and  protec- 
torate, 362;  Charles  II  and  Claren- 
don. 3795  Charles  II  and  the  cabal, 
391;  Danby's  administration  and  the 
three  short  Parliaments,  462;  the 
last  years  of  Charles  II,  412;  James 
II,  421;  William  III  and  Mary  II, 
435;  William  III  (alone),  444; 
Queen  Anne,  453;  establ'shment  of 
Parliamentary  supremacy,  Town- 
shend,  Sunderland,  and  Walpole, 
468;  establishment  of  Parliamentary 
supremacy;  Walpole,  Carteret,  and 
the  Pelhams,  481;  Newcastle  and 
Pitt,  493;  the  breakup  of  the  Whig 
party,  504;  the  struggle  of  the  Amer- 
icans for  Independence,  513;  Pitt 
and  Fox,  524;  the  French  Revolu- 
tion, 539;  the  union  with  Ireland 
and  trouble  with  France,  545;  the 
ascendency  of  Napoleon,  555;  the 
downfall  of  Napoleon,  562;  England 
after  Waterloo,  569;  First  Reform 
Bill — Catholic  Emancipation  and 
Parliamentary  reform,  581;  the  re- 
formers in  power,  591;  free  trade, 
602;  the  Crimean  War  and  the  end 
of  the  East  India  Company,  611; 
antecedents  and  results  of  the  Sec- 
ond Reform  Act,  626;  the  last  years 
of  the  19th  century,  632 
England,  The  Apostle  of:  see  Latimer 
England,  The  Josiah  of:  see  Edward 
VI,  King  of  England 


GENERAL    INDEX 


233 


English,    The    Apostle    of    the:    see 

Gregory,  Saint,  the  Great 
English,  The  Hammer  and  Scourge  of 

the:  see  Wallace,  William 
English,      William      E.      (1850 ), 

American     Congressman:     his     bill 

brought  forward,  24,  663;  nominated 

for  Vice-President,  930 
English    Commerce,    Father    of:    see 

Edward  III,  King  of  England 
English    East    India    Company:    see 

East  India  Company,  British 
English  Justinian,  The:  see  Edward  I, 

King  of  England 
English  Poetry,  Father  of:  see  Chau- 
cer, Geoffrey 
English  Pope,   The:   see  Adrian  IV, 

Pope 
Englishman,     The     Handsome:     see 

Marlborough,  John  Churchill,  Duke 

of 
Enkoping,   Sweden:  battle   of    (1365), 

16,  108 
Enna,  Sicily:  slave  uprising  at,  3,  173; 

siege  of,   173;   garrison  defeated  by 

revolted  slaves,  187 
Enniscorthy,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1798), 

12,  210 
Enomoto  Takeaki  (ca.  1850),  Japanese 

officer:  rebellion  of,  7,  169;  sent  to 

St.  Petersburg,  188 
Enotake,  Japan:  siege  of,  7,  181 
Enrique  I   (1204-1217),   King  of  Cas- 
tile: reign  of,  8,  149 
Enrique    II,     King    of    Castile:     see 

Henry  of  Transtamore 
Enrique    III,    King    of    Castile:    see 

Henry  (III)  the  Infirm 
Enrique    IV,    King    of    Castile:    see 

Henry  (IV)  the  Impotent 
Enrique,  Don:  see  Henry,  Don 
Enrique  de  Rivera,  Payo:  see  Rivera, 

Payo  Enrique  de 
Enryaku-ji,  Japanese  temple:  built,  7, 

41 
Ensenada,    Zenon    Silva,    Marquis    de 

(1690-1762),    a    Spanish    statesman: 

policy  of,  8,  413 
En-shag-kushana,     Babylonian     ruler, 

4500  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  75 
Ensheim,  Germany:  battle  of   (1674), 

9,  211 


Entefa,  King  of  Egypt,  ca.  2500  B.  C: 
reign  of,  1,  18 

Entragues,  Count  of  (ca.  1600), 
French  noble:  conspiracy  of,  9,  174 

Entraigues,  Emmanuel  Louis  Henri 
de  Launey  (d.  1812),  French  noble: 
his  pamphlet  on  the  States-General, 
10,  38;  joins  advocates  of  liberty,  46 

Entragues,  Henrietta  d':  see  Verneuil, 
Henrietta  d'  Entragues,  Marquise  of 

Enzio  (1225-1272),  King  of  Sicily,  son 
of  Frederick  II:  captures  prelates 
bound  for  general  council,  4,  205; 
invested  with  Sardinia,  18,  164;  at 
war  with  the  Pope,  165;  taken  pris- 
oner by  Bolognese,  167 

Eorls,  a  division  of  the  Anglian  divi- 
sion of  Britain:   description  of,  11, 

20 

Eotvos,  Baron  Jozsef  (1813-1871), 
Hungarian  author  and  statesman: 
made  minister  of  public  education, 
17,  368 

Epaminondas  (418-362  B.  C),  Theban 
soldier  and  statesman:  patriot  of 
Greece,  2,  13;  character  of,  427;  in 
Congress  at  Athens,  431;  commands 
at  Leuctra,  432;  invades  Pelopon- 
nesus, 440,  443;  invades  Thessaly, 
444;  invades  Peloponnesus,  445;  at- 
tempts to  take  Sparta,  448;  com- 
mands at  Mantinea,  449;  killed,  450 

Epariti,  a  Greek  band  of  soldiers:  in 
Arcadia,  2,  440 

Eperies,  Butchery  o£  (1687),  period 
of  30  days  of  execution  in  Hungary 
after  conquest  by  Leopold  I,  17,  230 

Epernon,  Jean  Louis  de  Nogaret  de  la 
Valette,  Duke  of  (1554-1642), 
French  nobleman:  leader  of  discon- 
tented nobles,  9,  172;  conspires  with 
Marie  de'  Medici,  180 

Ephesus,  Asia  Minor:  Greek  settle- 
ment of,  2,  55;  taken  by  the  Per- 
sians, 126;  recaptured  after  Ionian 
revolt,  137;  Athenians  defeated  at, 
367;  Lysander  at,  369;  Agesilaus  at, 
394;   submits  to  Alexander,  490 

Ephialtes  (ca.  480  B.  C),  Malian  trai- 
tor: gives  information  to  the  Per- 
sians at  Thermopylae,  2,  192 

Ephialtes    (d.    456    B.    C),    Athenian 


234 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


statesman  and  general:  leads  anti- 
Spartan  party,  2,  238;  murdered,  240 

Ephors,  overseers  or  police  magis- 
trates in  Sparta:  introduced,  2,  68 

Epidamnus,  Greece:  founded,  3,  27; 
civil  war  at,  2,  264 

Epidaurus,  Greece:  at  war  with  Ath- 
ens, 2,  240;  allied  to  Sparta,  274,  324, 
440;  besieged  by  Epaminondas,  443 

Epinoi,  Prince  of  (ca.  1633),  Dutch 
patriot:  plots  for  overthrow  of 
Spanish  power  in  Belgium,  13,  211 

Epinoi,  Princess  of  (ca.  1582),  wife 
of  governor  of  Tournay:  at  the 
siege  of  Tournay,  13,  137 

Epirus,  Greece:  geography  of,  2,  7; 
tribes  of,  attack  the  Acarnanians, 
289;  conquered  by  Philip,  471;  Ro- 
mans plunder  cities  of,  3,  151 

Episcopal  Church:  established  in 
South  Carolina,  23,  78;  in  Ports- 
mouth, 95;  toleration  of,  after  Res- 
toration, 99;  disfranchisement  of 
members,  99;  befriended  by  Andros, 
100;  opposed  in  New  England,  147; 
established  in  New  York,  149 

Epistates,  president  of  the  assembly 
of  Athens:  office  of  the,  2,  148 

Epitadas  (4th  century  B.  C.)»  Spartan 
general:  in  the  war  with  Athens,  2, 

307 

Epre,  Corporal  d':  see  Napoleon  (I) 
Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the  French 

Epremesnil  (Espremesnil),  Jean  Jac- 
ques Duval  d'  (1746-1794),  a  French 
advocate:  arrest  of,  9,  259,  10,  35; 
death  of,  9,  289 

"Era  of  Good  Feeling,"  in  United 
States  history  (1817-1824):  begins 
with  Monroe's  election,  23,  435; 
named,  459 

Erasmus,  Desiderius,  a  celebrated 
Dutch  scholar  and  philosopher: 
born  at  Rotterdam,  probably  Octo- 
ber 28,  1465;  was  the  natural  son  of 
Gerhard  de  Praet;  left  an  orphan  at 
thirteen  years  of  age  and  defrauded 
of  his  inheritance  by  his  guardians, 
he  was  forced  by  them  to  enter  the 
monastery  of  Stein;  served  as  secre- 
tary to  the  Bishop  of  Cambray,  who 
gave  him  the  opportunity  to  study 
at  the  University  of   Paris;   visited 


England,  where  he  became  a  friend 
of  Sir  Thomas  More  and  John  Co- 
let;  and  studied  Greek  at  Oxford, 
1498;  returned  to  the  continent, 
1499;  went  to  Italy,  1506;  visited 
England  again,  1510,  and  became 
professor  of  divinity  and  Greek  at 
Cambridge;  wrote  his  "Praise  of 
Folly";  received  various  invitations 
from  different  monarchs  to  their 
capitals;  pensioned  by  the  Archduke 
Charles,  and  was  thus  able  to  in- 
dulge his  love  of  travel;  published 
an  edition  of  the  Greek  Testament 
with  a  Latin  version  and  notes, 
1516;  at  Bale  published  his  "  Collo- 
quies"; engaged  in  a  dispute  with 
Luther,  1524;  died  at  Bale,  July  12, 
1536 

Aids  the  Reformation,  13,  55; 
sketch  of,  63;  contemporary  of 
Luther,  18,  234 

Eratosthenes  (276-196  B.  C),  Alexan- 
drian scientist:  his  catalogue  of 
Theban  kings,  1,  12;  believes  the 
earth  to  be  a  sphere,  23,  23 

Erchanger,  Count  of  Suabia  (ca.  913 
A.  D.),  German  general:  at  the  bat- 
tle of  the  Inn,  18,  104 

Erechtheum,  a  temple  at  Athens:  de- 
scription of,  2,  255  note 

Eremon,  legendary  king  of  Ireland: 
reign  of,  12,  24 

Eretria,  Greece:  colonial  energy  of,  2, 
79,  83;  aids  the  Ionians,  134;  taken 
by  the  Persians,  165;  revolts  against 
Athens,  248;  battle  of,  361;  tyrants 
of,  473 

Erfurt,  Prussia:  surrender  of  (1806), 
18,  372 

Erfurt,  Conference  of,  a  conference 
between  Napoleon  I,  Alexander  I, 
and  German  princes  (1808),  15,  218 

Erfurt,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
Napoleon  and  Alexander  I  of  Rus- 
sia (1808),  9,  334,  18,  374 

Erfurt,  University  of:  Luther  at,  18, 
234 

Eric  (XIII)  of  Pomerania,  King  of 
Sweden:  see  Erik  (VII)  of  Pomer- 
ania, King  of  Denmark,  Norway, 
and  Sweden 

Ericksen,    L.    Mylius,    a    Danish    ex- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


235 


plorer  in  Arctic  regions,  1906:  com- 
mands the   Danish   Expedition,    16, 

339 

Ericksson,  Jossen  (Jens  Erichsen) 
(ca.  1435),  royal  bailiff  of  Denmark: 
cruelties  of,  16,  128 

Ericsson,  John,  a  Swedish  engineer 
and  inventor  of  the  "Monitor": 
born  in  the  parish  of  Fernebo, 
Wermland,  Sweden,  July  31,  1803; 
served  a  few  years  in  the  army; 
went  to  England,  1826;  invented  an 
engine  to  run  on  the  Liverpool  and 
Manchester  Railway  and  a  caloric 
engine,  1833;  applied  the  screw  or 
propeller  to  steam  navigation;  went 
to  United  States,  1840,  and  received 
aid  from  the  government  in  putting 
his  inventions  into  use;  produced 
the  iron-clad  steamer,  "  Monitor," 
1862;  his  last  work  was  upon  a  mo- 
tor worked  by  solar  heat;  died  in 
New  York  City,  March  8,  1889 
Designs   the    "  Monitor,"    24,   755 

Erie  Canal,  a  canal  connecting  Hud- 
son River  and  Lake  Erie:  increases 
industrial  activity,  23,  479 

Erik  (I)  Ejegod,  King  of  Denmark 
1095-1103:  made  jarl  of  Sjaelland 
16,  72;  reign  of,  74;  death  of,  75 

Erik  (II)  Emun,  King  of  Denmark, 
1135-1137:  avenges  the  death  of  his 
brother,  16,  76;  reign  of,  80 

Erik  (III)  Lamb,  King  of  Denmark 
1137-1147:  reign  of,  16,  80 

Erik    (IV)    Ploopeng,    King   of    Den- 
mark,   1241-1250:   reign   of,    16,  91 
his  relations  with  Slesvig,  266 

Erik  (V)  Glipping,  King  of  Denmark, 
1259-1286:  accession  of,  16,  96; 
death  of,  no 

Erik  (VI)  Menved,  King  of  Denmark, 
1286-1320:  pawns  Danish  provinces 
16,  107;  accession  of,  no 

Erik  (VII)  Pomerania,  King  of  Den 
mark,  Norway,  and  Sweden,  1397- 
1440:  chosen  to  succeed  Margaret, 
16,  120;  coronation  of,  122;  reign  of 
126;  deposition  of,  129 

Erik  (I)  Blodoxe,  King  of  Norway 
898-940  A.  D.:  career  of,  16,  52 

Erik  II  Praesthader,  King  of  Norway, 


1280-1299:  forms  alliance  with  John 

Balliol,    13,   273;   reign  of,    16,   100; 

patronizes  Danish  rebels,   no 
Erik    Edmundson,    King    of    Sweden, 

10th  century:  the  legend  of,  16,  59 
Erik  Sejrsael,   King  of  Sweden,    10th 

century:  the  legend  of,  16,  58 
Erik    (I    or   IX)   Jedvardsson,   Saint, 

King   of    Sweden,    1155-1160:    reign 

of,  16,  101 
Erik    (II   or   X)    Knudsson,   King   of 

Sweden,    1210-1216:    defeats    Valde- 

mar  Sejr,   16,  85;   marriage  of,   103 
Erik    (III    or    XI)    Laespe,    King   of 

Sweden,  1222-1250:  death  of,  16,  103 
Erik  (IV  or  XII),  King  of  Sweden, 

co-ruler  with  Magnus  II:  career  of, 

16,   108 
Erik    XIV,    King    of    Sweden,    1560- 

1569:  accession  of,  16,  161;  deposi- 
tion of,  163;  death  of,  164 
Erik  (ca.   1521),  Duke  of  Brunswick: 

befriends  Luther,  18,  241 
Erik  (ca.  1280),  Duke  of  Slesvig:  con- 
firmed in  his  duchy,  16,  95 
Erik   (ca.    1270),   son   of   Birger  Jarl: 

his  quarrels  with  Valdemar,  16,  104 
Erik  (ca.  1330),  son  of  Christopher  II 

of  Denmark:  sketch  of,  16,  113,  114 
Erik  (d.  1319),  son  of  Magnus  Ladis- 

laas   of   Sweden:    his    quarrels  with 

his  brother,  16,  106 
Erik  Raudi   or   the   Red    (ca.   985   A. 

D.),    Scandinavian   explorer:    settles 

Greenland,  16,  47,  31,  3 
Eriksson,   Jacob    (ca.    1634),    Swedish 

soldier:  marks  the  spot  where  Gus- 

tavus  Adolphus  fell,  16,  185 
Eritrea,  Africa:  present  condition  of, 

19,  249;  description  of,  20,  300 
Erivan,    Russia:    battle    of    (1800),    5, 

358 
Erkinvald  (ca.  656  A.  D.),  a  Merovin- 
gian   leader:    made    mayor    of    the 

palace,  9,  33 
Erlach,     Hans    Ludwig    von     (159s- 

1650),  a  Swiss  general:  at  the  Miin- 

ster  Conference,  13,  465 
Erlach,    Ludwig    von    (1 746-1 798),    a 

Swiss    general:    incites   war   against 

France,  13,  511 
Erlach,    Rudolf   von    (d.    1369),    Ber- 


286 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


nese  nobleman:  leads  relief  for  Lau- 
pen,  13,  374;  in  the  Helvetic  civil 
war,   519 

Erlach,  Sigmund  von  (1614-1699),  a 
Swiss  general:  in  the  peasant  re- 
volts, 13,  473 

Erlach,  Sigmund  von  (ca.  1655), 
Swiss  statesman,  nephew  of  the  pre- 
ceding: draws  up  a  Federal  char- 
ter, 13,  475 

Erlandsen,  Jacob,  Archbishop  of 
Roeskilde,  primate  of  Denmark,  ca. 
1283:  his  struggle  with  Christopher, 

16,  95 

Erlau,  Hungary:  taken  by  imperial- 
ists (1687),  14,  255 

Erlau,  Count  of,  a  French  officer:  at 
battle  of  Waterloo  (1815),  9,  363 

Ermanfroi  (ca.  714  A.  D.),  a  Merovin- 
gian lord:  kills  Ebroin,  9,  35 

Ermengarde  (d.  818  A.  D.),  queen  of 
Louis  the  Pious:  plots  against  Ber- 
nard of  Italy,  9,  47;  death  of,  48 

Ermengaudo  (ca.  1089),  Count  of  Ur- 
gel:  campaigns  of,  8,  225 

Ermenigild  (6th  century  A.  D.), 
Gothic  prince:  career  of,  8,  41 

Ernest  (i553-i59S),  Archduke  of  Aus- 
tria: made  governor  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 13,   161;  death  of,   162 

Ernest  (ca.  1400),  Austrian  prince, 
called  the  Man  of  Iron:  sketch  of, 

17,  107 

Ernest  the  Pious  (ca.  1650),  Duke  of 
Gotha:  policy  of,  18,  299 

Ernest  the  Valiant  (ca.  1093),  Mar- 
grave of  Babenberg:  reign  of,  17, 
90 

Ernest  II  (ca.  1025),  Duke  of  Suabia: 
rebellion  of,  18,  125 

Ernest  Augustus  (1629-1698),  Elector 
of  Hanover:  made  elector,  18,  308 

Ernest  Augustus  (1771-1851),  Duke  of 
Cumberland:  made  viceroy  of  Han- 
over (1830),  18,  395;  overthrows  the 
constitution,  396 

Errasuriz,  Federico  (1825-1877), 
South  American  statesman:  his  ad- 
ministration as  president  of  Chili, 
21,  226,  238;  given  the  command  of 
the  Congressionalist  troops,  239;  his 
second  administration,  240 


Errizzo,  Paul  (15th  century),  Venetian 
commander:  bravery  of,  14,  84 

Erskine,  John,  Earl  of  Mar:  see  Mar, 
John  Erskine,  Earl  of 

Erskine,  Thomas,  Baron  Erskine 
(1750-1823),  British  statesman:  his 
conduct  while  minister  to  the 
United  States,  23,  415 

Ertoghrul  (ca.  1250),  founder  of  Ot- 
toman Empire:  leads  band  of  Og- 
huz  Turks  into  Asia  Minor,  14,  9; 
compared  to  Suleiman  the  Great, 
180 

Erythrea,  Africa:  founded,  4,  404 

Erzerum,  Asia:  taken  (1829),  15,  286 

Esarhaddon,  King  of  Assyria,  680-668 
B.  C:  reign  of,  I,  88;  razes  Sidon, 
124 

Escalona,  Diego  Lopez  Pacheco, 
Duke  (d.  ca.  1640),  Spanish  noble: 
made  viceroy  of  New  Spain,  22,  163 

Escandon,  Jose  (ca.  1750),  Spanish 
noble:    governor    of    new    colonies, 

22,   197 

Eschenbach,  Walter  von:  see  Walter 
von  Eschenbach 

Escher,  Alfred  (ca.  1840),  Swiss  en- 
gineer: his  efforts  in  behalf  of  the 
St.  Gotthard  Railway,  13,  574 

Escher,  Johann  Kaspar  (1 678-1 762), 
Swiss  magistrate:  administration  of, 

13,  484 

Escobar,  Patricio,  President  of  Para- 
guay, 1886-1890,  21,  260 

Escobar  y  Llamas,  Diego  Osorio  (ca. 
1650),  Bishop  of  Puebla:  made  vice- 
roy of  New  Spain,  22,  172 

Escobedo,  Mariano  (1828 ),  Mexi- 
can soldier:  his  campaign  against 
the  French,  22,  385;  sketch  of,  395 

Escocesses,  The,  Mexican  political 
lodge  (1825):  sketch  of,  22,  265 

Escovedo,  Juan  de  (d.  1578),  Spanish 
noble:  assassination  of,  8,  373 

Escurra,  Juan  B.,  South  American 
statesman:  President  of  Paraguay, 
1902,  21,  260 

Esher,  Johann  Conrad  (1768-1823), 
Swiss  geologist:  upholds  revolu- 
tionary ideas,  13,  503,  522 

Eshmunazar  II,  King  of  Tyre,  ca.  550 
B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  125 


GENERAL    INDEX 


237 


Eskil,  Bishop  of  Roeskilde  (d.  1187), 
Swedish  prelate:  sketch  of,  16,  80 

Esklmauan  Indians,  a  linguistic  stock 
of  North  American  Indians:  de- 
scendants of  Palaeolithic  men,  II, 
14;    independent    of    other    families, 

23,  7 

"Esmeralda,"  Chilian  battle-ship: 
captures  the  "  Virgen  de  Cova- 
donga,"  21,  221;  sunk,  235 

Esnambuc,  d'  (ca.  1600),  French  pri- 
vateer: makes  settlements  in  the 
West  Indies,  20,  68 

Espanola:  see  Haiti 

Espartero,  Baldomero  (1792-1879), 
Spanish  general  and  statesman:  his 
campaign  against  the  Carlists,  8, 
497;  made  regent  of  Spain,  500;  at- 
tempts to  restore  peaceful  relations 
after  revolution  of  1854,  505 

Espinosa,   Spain:  battle  of   (1808),  9, 

334 

Espinosa,  Javier  (1815-1870),  a  states- 
man of  Ecuador:  elected  president 
of  Ecuador,  21,  116 

Essequibo,  British  Guiana:  taken  by 
the  English,  20,   143 

Essex,  a  political  division  of  England 
origin  of,    11,   18 

"Essex,"  American  frigate:  destroyed 
.  23,  424 

Essex,  Arthur  Capel,  Earl  of  (1631- 
1683),  English  statesman:  impli- 
cated in  Rye  House  Plot,  11,  414 

Essex,  Robert  Devereux,  Earl  of 
(1567-1601),  English  statesman:  at 
the  capture  of  Cadiz  (1596),  11,  298, 
13,    163;    his    campaign    in    Ireland, 

11,  303,  12,  98;  death,  12,  303 
Essex,     Robert     Devereux,     Earl     of 

(1591-1646),  English  general:  ap- 
pointed head  of  Parliamentary 
forces,  11,  344 

Essex,  Thomas  Cromwell,  Earl  of: 
see  Cromwell,  Thomas 

Essex,  Walter  Devereux,  Earl  of 
(1541-1576),  English  nobleman:  at- 
tempts to  plant  colonies  in  Ireland, 

12,  92 

Essling  (Esslingen),  Austria-Hun- 
gary: battle  of  (1809),  9,  335,  17, 
298 


Estaing,    Charles    Hector,    Comte    d' 

(1729-1794),  French  general:  com- 
mands fleet  to  aid  American  colo- 
nies, 9,  254;  bombards  Savannah, 
23,  272 

Este,  Ferdinand  d'  (ca.  1850),  Aus- 
trian noble:  in  the  Cracow  insurrec- 
tion, 17,  348 

Esterhazy,  Nicholas  (ca.  1600),  Hun- 
garian diplomat:  his  mission  to 
Transylvania,  17,  225 

Esterhazy  de  Galanta,  Nicolas,  Prince 
(1765-1833),  Hungarian  magnate: 
raises  troops  against  Napoleon,  17, 

334 
Esthonia,   Baltic   province   of  Russia: 

protected  by  Sweden,  15,  17;  passes 

to  Russia,  65,  68 
Estigarribia,   Colonel    (19th   century), 

traitor  of  Paraguay:  treason  of,  21, 

157 

Estrees,  Louis  Cesar  Letellier,  Comte 
d'  (1697-1771),  French  marshal: 
president  of  council  of  marine  af- 
fairs, 9,  227;  in  the  Seven  Years' 
War,  245;  occupies  St.  Lucia  and 
St.  Vincent,  20,  76 

Estrees,  Cesar  d'  (1628-1714),  French 
cardinal:  sketch  of,  8,  392 

Estridsens,  Danish  dynasty  beginning 
1047:  inauguration  of  the  line  of, 
16,  33;  Denmark  under,  67 

Estrup,    Jacob    Bronnum    (1825 ), 

Danish  statesman:  ministry  of,  16, 
289 

Etampes,    France:    battle   of    (ca.    600 

A.  D.),  9,  30 

Etaples,     Treaty    of,     concluded     be- 
tween  England  and   France   (1492), 
9,  129;  11,  226 
Eternal  City,  The:  see  Rome 
Ethbaal,    King    of    Tyre,   9th    century 

B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  123;  forms  alli- 
ance with  king  of  Israel,  390 

Ethelred  (II)  the  Unready,  King  of 
England,  978-1016  A.  D.:  his  rela- 
tions with   Svend   Tveskaeg,   16,   31 

Ethnike  Hetairia,  Greek  secret  patri- 
otic society:  adopts  cause  of  Crete, 
14,  503,  504 

Ethnology,  Bureau  of,  in  Washing- 
ton: classifies  Indians,  23,  7 


238 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Eto  Shimpei  (ca.  1870),  Japanese 
politician:  rebellion  of,  7,  177 

Etruria,  land  of  the  Etruscans,  Italy: 
location  of,  3,  45  inhabitants  of,  2, 
83,  3,  22;  defeated  at  Cumae,  2, 
218;  aids  Athens,  339;  league  with 
the  Phoenicians,  3,  28;  collapse  of 
its  power,  56 

Etruscans:  see  Etruria 

Etterlin,  Petermann  (ca.  1450),  Swiss 
historian:  sketch  of,  13,  427 

Etting,  Solomon  (ca.  1800),  American 
Jew:  elected  member  of  city  coun- 
cil of  Baltimore,  I,  426 

Ettrick  o£  Ettrick,  Francis  Napier, 
Baron:  see  Napier,  Francis,  Baron 
Ettrick  o£  Ettrick 

Etzel:  see  Attila 

Etzel,  Switzerland:  battles  of  the 
(1439),  13,  399;   (1440),  399 

Eu,  Count  d'  (d.  1350),  French  noble: 
execution  of,  9,  96 

Eu,  Louis  Philippe,  Count  d'  (1842 
)  French  nobleman:  his  cam- 
paign against  Peru,  31,  159 

Euboea,  Island  of,  in  Aegean  Sea: 
description  of,  2,  14;  revolts  from 
Athens,  248,  361;  joins  the  Thebans, 
438;  wars  in,  464,  474;  taken  by  Ve- 
netians, 536;  taken  by  Saracens,  537; 
taken  by  Turks,  2,  539,  14,  84 

Euclid,  work  of  the  Greek  geometer, 
Euclid:   translated   into   Chinese,   6, 

34,  77 
Eudamidas   (ca.   400   B.    C),   Spartan 

general:    in    the    war    against    the 

Chalcidian  League,  2,  421 
Eudes,  King  of  France,  888-898  A.  D.: 

defends   Paris,   9,   53;   elected  king, 

53 
Eudes     (665-735     A.     D.),     Duke     of 
Aquitaine:  invasions  of  Saracens,  1, 
335,  336,  8,  64;  rebellion  of,  9,  36,  18, 

71 

Eudo:  see  Eudes 

Eudoxia  (b.  422  A.  D.),  Roman  Em- 
press: summons  Geiseric  to  Rome, 
4,  149,  18,  43 

Eudoxia  (Evdokia)  Fecdorovna 
Lopukhin,  Empress  of  Russia,  ca. 
1700:  marriage  of,  15,  30;  plots 
with  Alexis,  76;  at  Peter  IPs  coro- 
nation, 96 


Eugene  (Eugenius)  III  (d.  1153), 
Pope,  1145-1153:  opposes  Neapolitan 
policy  of  Alfonso  V  of  Aragon,  8, 
264;  calls  the  second  crusade,  18, 
145;  accepts  the  doctrines  of  Arnold 
of  Brescia,  146 

Eugene  (Eugenius)  IV  (1383-1447), 
Pope,  1431-1447:  calls  the  Council 
of  Basel,  18,  210;  loses  Rome,  4, 
224;  deposed,  4,  277,  18,  213;  recog- 
nizes Alfonso  V  of  Aragon  as  king 
of  the  Two  Sicilies,  8,  265;  aids  cru- 
sades, 14,  62,  65;  opposes  compro- 
mises with  the  Hussites,  17,  136; 
intervenes  in  Bohemian  affairs,  142; 

Eugene  (Eugenius),  Emperor  of 
Rome:  proclaimed  emperor  in  Gaul 
(392  A.  D.),  4,  135,  18,  34;  captured 
by  Theodosius,  35 

Eugene,  Prince  of  Savoy  (1 663-1 736), 
Austrian  general:  career  of,  4,  326; 
sends  expedition  to  India,  5,  172; 
campaigns  in  Italy,  8,  390,  9,  218,  11, 
454,  13,  249,  16,  218,  18,  312,  323;  in 
the  War  of  Spanish  Succession,  9, 
220,  13,  247;  against  the  Turks,  13, 
246,  14,  286,  287,  15,  119,  17,  231, 
235,  18,  304,  319 

Eugenie  Marie  of  Montijo  (1826 ), 

Empress  of  France:  marries  Na- 
poleon III  of  France,  9,  445;  in  the 
Franco-Prussian  War,   18,   417,  420 

Eugenius:  see  Eugene 

Euler,  Leonhard  (1707-1783),  Swiss 
mathematician:  services  of,  15,  195, 
20,   122 

Eumines  (361-316  B.  C),  secretary  of 
Alexander  the  Great:  his  share  of 
Alexander's  empire,  2,  512 

Eupatoria,  Turkey:  battle  of  (1855), 
14,  458 

Eupatridae,  The,  landowning  aristoc- 
racy  of  Athens:   description   of,   2, 

98,  99 
Euphemia    (14th    century),    sister    of 

Magnus  Smek:  mother  of  Albert  of 

Mecklenburg,  16,  108 
Euphron    (ca.    360    B.    C),   tyrant   of 

Sicyon:     attempts    to    enslave     his 

country,  2,  453 
Eupompidas    (ca.   428    B.    C),    Greek 

soldier:  at  the  siege  of  Plataea,  2, 

297 


GENERAL    INDEX 


£39 


Eureka,  Australia:  insurrection  in 
(1854),  20,  202 

Euric  (d.  484  A.  D.),  King  of  the 
Goths:  reign  of,  8,  38 

Euripides  (480-406  B.  C.)>  Greek  tra- 
gedian: at  the  court  of  Archelaus, 
2,  456 

Europe,  First  Gentlemen  of:  see 
George  IV,  King  of  England 

Europe,  The  Gold  Mine  of:  see  Tran- 
sylvania 

Europe,  The  Granary  of:  see  Hun- 
gary 

Europe,  The  Jewel  of:  see  Sicily 

Europe,  The  Nestor  of:  see  Leopold 
I,  King  of  Belgium 

Europe,  The  Scourge  of:  see  Na- 
poleon (I)  Bonaparte,  Emperor  of 
the  French 

Eurybiades  (ca.  480  B.  C),  Spartan 
admiral:  sketch  of,  2,   186,   199 

Eurymedon,  river  in  Asia  Minor: 
battle  of  the,  2,  234 

Eurymedon  (d.  413  B.  C),  Athenian 
general:  at  Pylos,  2,  303,  308;  tried 
and  condemned,  313;  killed  at  Syra- 
cuse, 344 

Eusebia  (ca.  350  A.  D.),  Empress  of 
Rome,  wife  of  Constantine:  shows 
favor  to  Julian,  4,  127 

Eustace  (d.  1153),  son  of  Stephen: 
character  of,  11,  95;  death  of,  96 

Eutaw  Springs,  South  Carolina:  bat- 
tle of  (1781),  23,  282 

Euxine,  The  Queen  of  the:  see  Se- 
bastopol 

Euxine  Sea,  Russia:  Greek  settle- 
ments on  shores  of,  2,  80 

Evangelical  Union,  a  league  of  Prot- 
estant princes  of  Germany  against 
Emperor  Rudolph  II   (1609),  9,  175 

Evangeline,  an  idyllic  poem  by  Long- 
fellow: portrays  expulsion  of  Ar- 
cadians, 23,   180 

Evans,  Sir  George  De  Lacy  (1787- 
1870),  British  general:  his  services 
in  the  Spanish  cause,  9,  410;  in  the 
Crimean  War,  15,  311 

Evarts,  William  Maxwell  (1818 ), 

American  lawyer:  counsel  in  Ge- 
neva commission,  24,  885;  Secre- 
tary of  State,  916 


Evekhoos,  mythical  King  of  Babylon: 
reign  of,   1,  73 

Everett,  Edward  (1794-1865),  Ameri- 
can statesman,  author,  and  orator: 
makes  campaign  speeches  (1840), 
24,  524;  nominated  for  Vice-Presi- 
dent, 680;  supports  Lincoln  in  con- 
test with  the  South,  715;  address  at 
Gettysburg,  783 

Evergreen  Pam:  see  Palmerston, 
Henry  John  Temple,  Viscount 

Evesham,  England:  battle  of  (1265), 
11,  141 

Evibach,  Zwier  von  (ca.  1648),  a 
Swiss  diplomat  at  the  Minister  Con- 
ference, 13,  465 

Evil-Merodach,  King  of  Babylon,  561- 
559  B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  93 

Evliya  (1611-1680),  Turkish  historian: 
quoted,  14,  215 

Evora,  University  of,  Portugal: 
founded,  8,  449 

Evreux,  France:  battle  of  (1364),  9, 
103 

Ewald,  Johan  (1743-1781),  Danish 
lyric  poet:  sketch  of,  16,  202  note 

Ewell,  Richard  Stoddard  (1817-1872), 
an  American  general  in  the  Con- 
federate service:  at  Gettysburg,  24, 
780;  at  fall  of  Richmond,  811 

Excelsior  State,  The:  see  New  York 

Exchequer,  Court  of,  in  English  his- 
tory: established,  11,  145 

Executions: 
B.  C. 
413.     Nicias    and    Demosthenes,    2, 

347 

404.     Theramenes,  2,  386 

316.  Olympias,  mother  of  Alexan- 
der the  Great,  2,  511 

87.  Gnaeus  Octavius,  Lucius  Cae- 
sar, Marcus  Antonius,  Lucius 
Merula  and  Quintus  Catulus,  3, 
223 

62.     Catilinarians,  3,  284 

47.     Vercingetorix,  3,  307 

42.     Marcus  Tullius  Cicero,  4,  15 

40.     The  Sadducees,  1,  409 

40.     Antigonus,  1,  409 

A.  D. 

33.  Sejanus,  favorite  of  Tiberius, 
4,  52 


240 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


37.     Macro,  pretorian  captain,  4,  56 

46.     Vercingetorix,  18,  13 

ca.     70.     Helvidius     Priscus,     Stoic 

philosopher,  3,  82 
1268.     Conrad  of  Hohenstaufen  and 

Frederick  of  Baden,  18,  170 
1280.     Conradin  of  Sicily,  9,  85 
1283.     Zavisa  of  Falkenstein,  17,  80 
1312.     Gaveston,     favorite     of     Ed- 
ward II,   11,  153 
1320.     Magnus,   son  of   Birger  Jarl, 

16,  107 
1327.     Hugh   le    Despenser,   the   El- 
der, 11,  155 
1327.     Hugh      le      Despenser,      the 

Younger,  11,  155 
1355-     Count  of  Harcourt,  9,  97 
1358.     Fabrique  of  Santiago,  8,  164 
1387.     John  Pomuk,  17,  118 
1389.     King  Lazarus,  14,  36 
1392.     Prince  of  Carmania,  14,  38 

1404.  Earl  of  Worcester,  11,  193 

1405.  Archbishop  Scrope  and 
Mowbray,  the  Earl  Marshal,  11, 
194 

1415.     John  Huss,  17,  124 

1417.     Sir  John  Oldcastle,  11,  196 

1424.     Robert,  Duke  of  Albany,  12, 

291 
1431.     Joan  of  Arc,  9,  116,  11,  204 
1477.     Paul   Erizzo,   Venetian   com- 
mander, 14,  85 
1477.     Hugonet      and      Imbercourt 

Burgundian  nobles,  13,  48 
1483.     Lord    Hastings,    11,    220 
1483.     Sir    Richard    Grey   and    Earl 

Rivers,  11,  220 
1483.     Buckingham,  11,  221 
1485.     Landais,  9,  128 
1492.     John  Walter,  12,  73 
1492.     Perkin  Warbeck,  12,  73 
1498.     Earl  of  Warwick,  11,  229 
1498.     Savonarola,  4,  283 
1513.     Prince  Korkud,  14,  121 

1520.  Bishop    Mads    of    Strangnas 
Erick  Johansson  Vasa,  16,  150 

1521.  Antonio  Villafaha,  Mexican 
conspirator,  22,  50 

1535-     More  and  Fisher,  11,  255 
1536.     Anne  Boleyn,  11,  256 
1540.     Catharine  Howard,  11,  261 
1545.     George  Wishart,  12,  307 


1547.     Earl  of  Surrey,  II,  262 

1553.  Earl  of  Northumberland,  11, 
269 

1553-     Prince  Mustapha,  14,  169 

1554.  Bishop    Hooper,    Ridley   and 
Latimer,  11,  271 

1554.     Suffolk  and  Wyatt,  11,  270 
1554.     Lady  Jane  Grey  and  Guilford 

Dudley,  11,  270 
1566.     Alonzo     de     Avila     and     Gil 

Gonzalez,  22,  124 
1568.     Counts    Egmont    and    Horn, 

Van  Straelers  and  Casambrot,  13, 

108 

1571.  Archbishop      Hamilton,      12, 
322 

1572.  Duke  of  Norfolk,  11,  287 
1574.     Montgomery,  9,  159 
1577.     Cuthbert  Mayne,  11,  291 
1581.     Father  Campeon,  II,  292 
1587.     Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  9,  162, 

11,  294,  12,  326 
1593.     Barrow,       Greenwood,      and 
Penry    (English   Separatists),   11, 
301 

1600.  Earl  of  Essex,  11,  303 

1601.  Due  de  Biron,  9,  173 
1605.     Guy  Fawkes,  II,  309 

1618.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  11,  312 

1619.  John  Barneveldt,  13,  199 
1625.  Duke  of  Chalais,  9,  184 
1627.     Chienghwan,  6,  48 

1631.  Marshal  de  Marillac,  9,  188 

1632.  Grand  Vizier  Hafiz,  14,  217 
1641.     Earl  of  Strafford,  11,-339,  12, 

113 
1645.     T'ang  Wang,  6,  56 
1645.     Ch'ang  Wang,  6,  56 

1649.  Charles    I    of    England,    11, 
361,   12,  342 

1650.  James  Graham,  Earl  of  Mon- 
brose,   12,  342 

1650.  Marquis  of  Hamilton,  12,  342 
1661.  Duke  of  Argyle,  12,  344 
1672.  The  De  Witts,  13,  238 
1683.  Lord  Russell,  11,  414 
1683.  Algernon  Sidney,  11,  415 
1685.  Duke  of  Argyle,  12,  350 
1689.  Shakloviti,  Russian  conspira- 
tor, 15,  31 
1706.  Augustus   II   of  Livonia,   15, 
46 


GENERAL    INDEX 


241 


1716.     Earl    of    Derwentwater,    12, 

369 
1718.     Gortz,  Swedish  minister,   15, 

67 
1718.     Prince  Alexis   of  Russia,  15, 

77 
1721.     Glebov,    Kikin,   and   Ignatier, 

15,  76 

J735-  Minicki,  a  Russian  conspira- 
tor,  15,    in 

1736.  Volinski,  Yeropkin,  and 
Khrustchov,  Russian  statesmen, 
15,  no 

1745.  General  Ma,  6,  86 

1746.  Charles  Radcliffe,  12,  369 

1747.  Simon  Fraser,  Lord  Lovat, 
12,  369 

1753-     Dr.     Cameron,     brother     of 

Lochiel,  12,  369 
1780.     Major  Andre,  23,  277 
1784.     Anton  Joseph  Suter,  13,  500 
1789.     Xavier,   South  American   pa- 
triot, 20,  106 
1793.     Louis  XVI  of  France,  8,  482, 

9,  282,  10,  237,  17,  281 

1793-     Charlotte  Corday,  10,  268 

1793.  Marie  Antoinette,  9,  287,  10, 
279 

1793.     Philip  Egalite,  9,  287 

1793.  Barnave,  Duport-Dutertre, 
Generals  Hauchard,  Custine,  Bi- 
ron,  and  Beauharnais,  9,  287 

J793-  Brissot,  Vergniaud,  Gen- 
sonne,  Fonfrede,  Ducos,  Valaze, 
Lasource,  Sillery,  Gardieu,  Carra, 
Duprat  Beauvais,  Duchatel 
Mainvielle,  Lacaze,  Boileau,  Le- 
hardy,  Antiboul,  Vigee  (Girond- 
ists), 10,  279 

x793-  Generals  Custine  and  Beau- 
harnais, 10,  279 

1793.  Sallas,  Gaudet,  and  Barba- 
roux  (Girondists),  xo,  279 

1793.  Madame  Roland  and  Con- 
dorcet,  10,  280 

1794.  Minister  Ho,  6,  114 

1794.     Hebert  and    Clootz,    9,    288, 

10,  292 

1794.  Ronsin,  Monmoro,  and  Vin- 
cent, 10,  292 

1794.  Marshals  Noailles  and 
Maille,  Ministers  Machault  and 
Laverdi,     Lavoisier,     Lamoignon, 


D'      Epremesnil,      Thouret,      and 

Chapelier,  9,  289 
1794.     Danton,  9,  288,  10,  295 
1794.    Philippeaux,  Desmoulins,  and 

Lacroix,  10,  295 
1794.     Cecile  Renaud,  10,  301 

1794.  Robespierre,   9,  291,   10,  318, 

11,  543 

1795.  Bourbotte,  Duroy,  Soubrany, 
Romme,  Goujon,  Duquesnoy,  10, 
340 

1798.  Henry  Munro,  Irish  insur- 
gent, 12,  213 

1803.  Robert  Emmet,  12,  218 

1804.  Georges  Cadoubal,  French 
politician,  9,  322 

1818.     Arbuthnot     and     Ambrister, 

23,  444 

1835.  Fieschi,  Marcy,  and  Pepin, 
French  conspirators,  9,  408 

1836.  Alibaud,  French  fanatic,  9, 
409 

1858.  Orsini,  Pieri,  Rudio,  and  Go- 
mez, conspirators  against  Na- 
poleon III,  9,  449 

1859.  John   Brown,  24,  675 
1861.     Shu  Shun,  6,   188 

1865.     General  Maldonada,  21,  114 

1867.  Maximilian,  Emperor  of 
Mexico,  22,  397,  24,  877 

1867.  Miramon  and  Mejia,  imperi- 
alist commanders,  22,  397 

1882.     C.  J.  Guiteau,  24,  935 

1885.  Riel,  French  Canadian  rebel, 
20,   173 

1898.     Chinese  reformers,  6,  278 
Exilaratus  (d.  744  A.  D.),  governor  of 

Naples:   marches   against   Rome,  4, 

170 
Exodus  of  the  Israelites,  The:   date 

of,  1,  28 
Expansion,  Territorial: 

ARMENIA:    (75~74    B.    C),    under 

King  Tigranes,  3,  257 

ASSYRIA:    (745-727  B.   C),   under 

Tiglath  Pileser,  1,  183,  186;  (722  B. 

C),  Babylon,  394;  (717  B.  C),  Car- 

chemish,  85;  (670  B.  C),  Egypt,  30; 

(638  A.  D.),  Syria,  284;  (640-711  A. 

D.),  Africa,  1,  290,  19,  11;    (651  A. 

D.),   Persia,   1,  265,  2,  533;   (710  A. 

D.),    beyond    River    Oxus,    1,    265; 

(712    A.    D.),    Spain,    1,   315,    8,    63; 


242 


THE    HISTORY   OF    NATIONS 


(714-1526),  conquests  in  India,  5, 
88;  (721  A.  D.),  southern  France,  1, 
3355  (1453),  Constantinople,  2,  536; 
(I4S3),  Greece,  2,  538 
AUSTRIA:  (1477),  Netherlands, 
13,  409,  17,  175;  (1477),  in  Bur- 
gundy and  Italy,  17,  175;  (1500), 
Gorica,  Gradiska,  Mitterburg,  and 
the  Pusterthal,  173;  (1526),  Bohe- 
mia and  Hungary,  17,  3,  176,  194; 
(1657-1705),  Tyrol,  Hungary,  Cro- 
atia, Slavonia,  and  Transylvania, 
183;  (1713-1714),  Milan,  Naples, 
Sardinia,    and    Netherlands,    8,   401, 

17,  191,  18,  316;  (1718),  Belgrade, 
Semendria,  Rinnik,  Krasova,  Little 
Wallachia,  14,  292;  (1735),  Parma 
and  Piacenza,  18,  324;  (1772),  Podo- 
lia,  Sandomir,  Cracow,  Wieliczka, 
and  Bochnia,  17,  248;  (1774),  Bu- 
kovina,  249;  (1795),  part  of  Poland, 

18,  359;  (1797),  Dalmatia,  Istria, 
and  part  of  Venice,  17,  283,  18,  361; 
(1805),  Duchy  of  Salzburg,  17,  294; 
(1814),  Lombardy,  9,  359;  (1821), 
Lombardy,  Venetia,  Illyria,  Dal- 
matia, the  Tyrol,  Salzburg,  Galicia, 
18,  391;  (1878),  Bosnia  and  Herze- 
govnia,  14,  488,  17,  420 
BABYLON:  (3800  B.  C),  under 
Sargon,  1,  75;  (2250  B.  C),  under 
Hammurabi,  77 

BAVARIA:  (951  A.  D.),  Verona, 
Pavia,  Milan,  18,  112;  (1805),  the 
Tyrol,  Passau,  Trent,  Bruxen,  Eich- 
stadt,  10,  466 

BELGIUM:  (1886-1906),  posses- 
sions in  Africa,  13,  311,  19,  118 
CHILI:  (1883),  Tacna,  Arica,  and 
Tarapaca,  21,  238;  (1884),  Bolivian 
territory  ceded,  238 
CHINA:  (1752-1761),  in  India,  5, 
109 

DENMARK:  (1182-1202),  Pome- 
rania,  Hamburg,  Liibeck,  Holstein, 
Lauenburg,  and  Mecklenburg,  16, 
83;  (1219-1223),  Ditmarsh,  Schwerin, 
Rygen,  Esthonia,  Oesel,  86;  (1733), 
Island  of  St.  Croix,  20,  297;  (1814), 
Lauenberg,  16,  258 
EGYPT:  (2332  B.  C),  under  Usert- 
sen  III,  I,  19;  (1300-1324  B.  C),  un- 


der Rameses  II,  26,  27;  (1833). 
Syria,  Damascus,  Aleppo,  15,  292 
ENGLAND:  (1149),  acquisition  of 
Aquitaine,  9,  74;  (1171),  Ireland,  12, 
51;  (i347)»  possession  of  Calais,  11, 
162;  1360,  Aquitaine,  Calais,  and 
Ponthieu,  166;  (1536),  Newfound- 
land and  Cape  Breton  Island,  20, 
49;  (1607),  Virginia,  20,  84,  23,  53, 
575  (1613),  Acadia,  20,  83;  (1620), 
Plymouth  colony,  20,  84,  23,  83; 
(1622),  New  Hampshire,  23,  95; 
(1629),  Massachusetts  Bay  colony, 
87;  (1632),  Maryland,  68;  (1633), 
Connecticut,  91;  (1637),  Rhode 
Island,  94;  (1639),  Madras,  5,  178; 
(1653),  North  Carolina,  23,  72,; 
(1662),  possession  of  Tangier  and 
Bombay,  5,  164,  II,  384;  (1664),  New 
Netherlands  conquered,  20,  64,  23, 
104;  (1667),  South  Carolina,  23,  74; 
(1673),  St.  Helena,  20,  263;  (1681), 
Pennsylvania,  23,  no;  (1700-1805), 
in  India,  5,  178;  (1713),  Gibraltar, 
Minorca,  Nova  Scotia,  Newfound- 
land, and  St.  Christopher,  8,  401,  9, 
224,  11,  464,  20,  253;  (1713),  New- 
foundland and  Nova  Scotia,  20,  86, 
23,  162;  (1733),  Georgia,  20,  85,  23, 
80;  (1748),  Madras,  9,  242;  (1759), 
Quebec  and  Montreal,  20,  118;  1763, 
large  portion  of  Louisiana,  Canada, 
and  Cape  Breton,  Hanover,  Port 
St.  Philip,  Florida,  and  Ohio  Valley, 
9,  247,  11,  505,  20,  76,  86,  120,  23, 
198;  (1788),  Australia,  20,  132; 
(I795)»  Cape  Colony,  19,  38;  (1800- 
1906),  in  India,  20,  250;  (1800-1906), 
in  South  Africa,  218;  (1800-1906), 
in  the  South  Seas,  180;  (1806),  Cape 
Colony,  143;  (1810),  Guadeloupe, 
143;  (1810),  islands  in  the  Indian 
Ocean,  263;  (1814),  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  Isle  of  France,  Malta,  and 
Heligoland,  9,  359,  io,  499;  20,  253; 
(1815-1872),  in  Canada,  Australasia, 
and  South  Africa,  11,  629;  (1850), 
Danish  settlements  in  Africa,  19, 
49;  (1861),  Lagos,  Africa,  49;  (1865), 
Kaffraria,  51;  (1871),  Dutch  terri- 
tory in  Africa,  49;  (1871),  Basuto- 
land,  51;  (1876),  Island  of  Sokotra, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


243 


56;  (1877-1890),  in  Central  and 
South  Africa,  80,  214;  (1878),  Cy- 
prus, 20,  253;  (1884),  territory  north 
of  Cape  Colony  and  west  of  Trans- 
vaal, 19,  81;  (1884),  in  Lake  Nyasa 
region,  84;  (1886-1906),  in  British 
East  Africa,  19,  182 
FRANCE:  (1202-1205),  conquest  of 
Normandy,  Maine,  Anjou,  Touraine, 
Poitou,  Valvis,  Auvergne,  9,  79; 
(1258),  Languedoc  and  Provence, 
83;  (1477),  duchy  of  Burgundy,  13, 
409;  (1490),  Brittany,  11,  226; 
(1538),  in  Italy,  9,  143;  (i547), 
Metz,  Toul,  and  Verdun,  146;  (1558), 
Calais,  II,  273;  (1562-1628),  settle- 
ment in  America,  23,  46;  (1601), 
Bresse,  Bugey,  and  De  Gex,  9,  172; 
(1608),  region  of  Ht.  Lawrence,  20, 
49,  84;  (1625),  settlements  in  Mar- 
tinique, 68;  (1648),  Lorraine,  Metz, 
Toul,  Verdun,  southern  Alsace,  18, 
293;  (1660),  Guadaloupe,  Marti- 
nique, Grenada,  io,  76;  (1678), 
Alsace,  9,  212;  (1697),  Longwy  and 
Sarrelouis,  219;  (1698),  after  Hague 
partition,  8,  384,  385;  (1700),  New 
France,  20,  85;  (1713),  Lille,  Aire, 
Bethune,  and  Saint  Venant,  9,  224; 
(1714),  Landau  and  left  bank  of 
Rhine,  225;  (1792),  Savoy  and  Nice, 
4>  343!  (I79S)>  Dutch  Flanders,  10, 
400;  (1796),  in  Italy,  9,  298,  299; 
(1796),  in  Germany,  299;  (i797), 
Netherlands  annexed,  13,  264; 
(i797).  Ionian  Islands,  14,  384; 
(i797)»  in  Belgium  and  Italy,  10, 
385,  17,  283,  18,  361;  (1798), 
Geneva  annexed,  10,  399;  (i799)> 
in  Egypt,  9,  309;  (1800),  in  Italy, 
10,  440;  (1800-1906),  in  India,  20, 
271;  (1800-1896),  in  Africa,  20, 
280;  (1801),  left  bank  of  Rhine, 
9,  317;  (1801),  Louisiana,  20,  26; 
(1805),  Cleves,  Neufchatel,  Anspach, 
Berg,  9,  326,  10,  469;  (1805), 
Piedmont,  Piacenza,  and  Parma,  10, 
466;  (1807),  provinces  on  left  of  the 
Elbe,  9,  331;  (1809),  Croata,  Carin- 
ola,  Trieste,  Carinthia,  10,  480; 
(1810),  Holland,  9,  38;  (1830),  Al- 
geria, 20,  280;  (1840),  Island  of 
Mayotte,  19,  212;  (i860),  Savoy  and 


Nice,  9,  451;  (1865),  Algeria,  19,  48; 
(1881),  Tunis,  80;  (1884),  territory 
between  the  Congo  and  the  coast, 
*9>  50;  (1894),  territory  on  the 
Niger,  167;  (1899),  Bagirmi,  Wadai, 
Kanem,  Borku,  Tibesti,  168 
GAUL:  (486-511),  conquests  by 
Clovis,  9,  19 

GREECE:  (743-560  B.  C),  Spartan 
conquests,  2,  70;  (1881),  accessions 
from  Turkey,  2,  549 
HOLY  ROMAN  EMPIRE  and 
GERMANY:  (796  A.  D.)  con- 
quest of  Avars,  17,  38;  (768-814  A. 
D.)  under  Charles  the  Great,  9, 
41,  46,  18,  85;  (800  A.  D.),  annexa- 
tion of  Switzerland,  13,  340;  (1032), 
Burgundy,  18,  126;  (1438),  Austria, 
Hungary,  and  Bohemia  united,  17, 
106;  (1526),  acquisition  of  Flanders, 
Artois  and  Burgundy,  9,  140;  (1538), 
in  Italy,  143;  (1713-1714),  Naples, 
Milan  and  Spanish  Netherlands,  9, 
225;  11,  464;  (1714),  Freiburg,  Old 
Breisach  and  Kehl,  18,  316;  (1748), 
Bergen-op-Zoom,  9,  240;  (1797), 
Venice,  Istria,  and  Dalmatia,  303; 
( 1 800-1906),  in  Africa,  20,  300; 
(1864),  in  Africa,  19,  94;  (1865- 
1906),  in  German  West  Africa,  173; 
(1871),  Alsatia,  eastern  Lorraine, 
Metz,  and  Thionville,  18,  426; 
(1884),  Angra  Pequena,  19,  104; 
(1884-1885),  German  East  Africa, 
136;  (1894),  territory  on  the  Niger, 
167 

ITALY:  (1867),  Venice,  9,  455; 
(1875-1906),  in  Africa,  19,  207 
MACEDON:  (354  B.  C),  under 
Philip,  2,  462;  (336-323  B.  C),  .un- 
der Alexander  the  Great,  2,  483; 
(327-323  B.  C),  in  India,  5,  65;  (323 
B.  C),  Persia,  314 

NETHERLANDS:  (i595),  posses- 
sions in  East  Indies,  13,  167,  20, 
56;  (1607),  the  Moluccrs,  57;  (1609), 
New  York,  23,  101;  (1621-1624),  in 
Brazil,  20,  59;  21,  33;  (1800-1906), 
in  East  Indies,  13,  320,  321,  20,  288; 
(1800-1906),  in  West  Indies,  20,  285 
NORWAY:  (1241),  Iceland,  16,  99 
PERSIA:  (539  B.  C).  of  Babylon, 
1,  401;  (349-516  B.  C.)»  under  Cyrus 


244 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


and  Darius,  2,  119;  (218  A.  D.),  un- 
der Artaxerxes,  5,  315;  (531-579  A. 
D.)>  under  Shah  Khusru,  319 
PORTUGAL:  (1450-1580),  in  Af- 
rica, 20,  40;  (ca.  1500),  in  India,  39; 
(1500),  Brazil,  43;  (1557-1640), 
Congo,  Angola,  Guinea,  Calicut,  Co- 
chin, Ormuz,  Cananor,  Chaul,  Ba- 
zain,  Daman,  Malabar,  Brazil,  Cey- 
lon, Malacca,  and  Moluccas,  8,  461; 
(1890),  Angola  colony  extended,  19, 
irp 

PRUSSIA:  (1719-1720),  Stettin, 
Pomerania,  Wismar,  Stralsund,  and 
Rugen,  18,  318;  (1721),  Swedish 
Pomerania,  Rygen,  Usedom,  Stet- 
tin, and  Dantzig,  16,  226;  (1741), 
Silesia,  II,  485,  17,  241,  18,  330; 
(*793)>  Dantzic,  Thorn,  and  South 
Prussia,  15,  383;  (1795),  part  of  Po- 
land, 18,  359;  (1805),  Hanover,  9, 
326,  10,  469;  (1814),  Saxony,  Swed- 
ish Pomerania,  and  territory  be- 
tween Rhine  and  Meuse,  9,  359,  16, 
258;  (1821),  Posen,  Westphalia, 
Swedish  Pomerania,  part  of  Saxony, 
Mayence,  Treves,  and  Cologne,  and 
territory  on  Lower  Rhine,  18,  391; 
(1866),  Hanover,  Hesse-Cassel, 
Nassau,  Schleswig-Holstein,  and 
Frankfort,  18,  413 

ROME:  (500-290  B.  C),  Italy,  3, 
62;  (238  B.  C),  after  First  Punic 
War,  106,  107;  (218-202  B.  C),  dur- 
ing Second  Punic  War,  in;  (218  B. 
C),  Spain,  8,  16;  (195  B.  C.)»  Spain, 
3,  135;  (102  B.  C.-9  A.  D.),  in  Ger- 
many, 18,  5;  (88-84  B.  C),  during 
Mithradatic  War,  3,  213;  (62  B.  C), 
in  Gaul,  9,  8;  (63  B.  C),  Syria,  2, 
522;  (58-51  B.  C),  in  Gaul,  3,  292, 
13,  329;  (54  B.  C),  Britain,  9,  9,  11, 
7;  (50  B.  C),  Netherlands,  13,  5; 
(30  B.  C),  Egypt,  1,  35,  2,  522,  19, 
9;  (13  B.  C.-104  A.  D.),  Valley  of 
the  Danube,  17,  13;  (10  B.  C.)»  in 
Gaul,  4,  42;  (78  A.  D.),  North 
Wales,  83;  (100-106  A.  D.),  terri- 
tory beyond  the  Danube,  88 
RUSSIA:  (1462-1505),  Tver,  Ros- 
tov, and  Yaroslav,  15,  13;  (1667), 
Kiev,  22;  (1721),  Livonia,  Esthonia, 


Ingermannland,  and  Karelia,  22,  65, 
68;  (1739),  in  Moldavia  and  Bes- 
sarabia, 14,  316;  (1743),  eastern 
Finland,  16,  228;  (1772),  White 
Russia,  Mstislavl,  Witebsk,  and  ter- 
ritory beyond  Dnieper,  15,  173; 
(1774),  Azov,  Kertch,  Yenikale,  and 
Kinburn,  180;  (1783),  Crimea,  14, 
345J  (1783),  Tartar  territory,  347; 
(1793),  Lithuania,  15,  383;  0795), 
part  of  Poland,  18,  359;  (1808),  Fin- 
land and  Danubian  principalities, 
375;  (1809),  Galicia  and  Warsaw, 
377;  (1814),  Duchy  of  Warsaw,  9, 
359;  (1821),  Warsaw,  18,  391; 
(1829)  Anapa  and  Poti,  15,  287; 
(1832),  Poland,  296;  (1878),  Batum, 
Ardahan,  Kars,  and  Bayezid,  337 
SARDINIA:  (i735),  Tortona  and 
Novara,  18,  324;  (1748),  Novara  and 
Vigerano,  4,  336,  17,  242,  18,  332; 
(1815),  Genoa,  4,  351;  (1821),  Sa- 
voy, 18,  391 

SAVOY:  (1000),  Susa  and  Turin,  4, 
272;  (1 188-1253),  under  Thomas  I 
and  Amadeus  IV,  273;  (1253-1268), 
in  Switzerland  and  Provence,  274; 
(1285),  Piedmont,  275;  (1416),  Chab- 
lois,  Aosta,  Geneva,  277;  (1713), 
Sicily,  8,  401,  9,  224 
SPAIN:  (1492),  Hayti,  20,  37; 
(1504),  Naples,  4,  291;  (1510),  Cuba, 
Porto  Rico,  Jamaica,  20,  43;  (1516— 
1713),  in  South  America,  31,  17; 
(1519-1521),  Mexico,  20,  43,  21,  17, 
22,  12,  23,  39;  (1521),  Philippine 
Islands,  20,  51;  (1525),  Peru,  45; 
(1541),  Chile,  50;  (1580),  Portugal, 
8,  366,  424,  20,  55;  (1735),  Naples 
and  Sicily,  18,  324;  (1748),  Parma, 
Guastalla,  and  Placentia,  8,  412,  17, 
242,  18,  332;  (1763),  Louisiana,  11, 
505,  20,  120,  23,  198;  (1783),  Flori- 
das,  Minorca,  Tobago,  and  Goree,  8, 
417,  11,  523,  20,  128,  167 
SWEDEN:  (1617),  Karelia  and  In- 
germannland, 15,  22;  (1629),  Li- 
vonia, 22;  (1648),  western  Pom- 
erania, Wismar,  Stettin,  and  coast 
between  Bremen  and  Hamburg,  18, 
293;  (1658),  Drontheim,  Aggerhus, 
Skaania,    Halland,    Bleking,    Lesso, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


245 


Anhalt,  Femern,  and  Bornholm,  16, 
208;  (1814),  Norway,  9,  359,  16, 
258 

SWITZERLAND:  (1516),  acquisi- 
tion of  Ticino,  Valteline,  and  Cleves, 

13,  423 

TURKEY:  (1361),  Adrianople,  14, 
29;  (1392),  in  Asia  Minor,  38; 
(1453),  Constantinople,  79;  (1456). 
in  Asia,  84;  (1475),  Crimea,  84; 
(1516),  Syria  and  Egypt,  14,  119, 
20,  42;  (1520-1566),  under  Suleiman 
the  Great,  14,  179;  (1533-1554),  in 
Armenia  and  Mesopotamia,  158; 
(1639),  Bagdad,  223;  (1718),  Morea, 
Zarine,  Ottova,  and  Zubzi,  291; 
(1800),  Venetian  territory,  385 
UNITED  STATES:  (1803),  Louisi- 
ana purchase,  9,  320,  20,  136,  22, 
286,  23,  395;  (1819-1821),  Florida 
purchase,  20,  304,  23,  445;  (1845), 
Texas  annexation,  22,  282,  24,  534; 
(1848),    Mexican    cession,    22,    377 ', 


24,  595;  (1853),  Gadsden  purchase, 
22,  381,  24,  641;  (1867),  Alaska  pur- 
chase, 20,  306,  24,  878;  (1898),  Ha- 
waiian Islands  annexation,  20,  310, 
24,  999;  (1899),  Porto  Rico,  20,  299, 
24,  1031;  (1899),  Philippine  Islands, 
20,  299,  24,  1033 

Explanation,  Act  of,  an  act  under 
which  the  settlers  in  Ireland  agreed 
to  give  up  one-third  of  their  posses- 
sions after  the  Restoration  (1665), 
12,   129 

Eybek  (El-Melik-el-Mo'izz)  (ca.  1250), 
Sultan  of  Egypt:  reign  of,  1,  36 

Eyck,  John  van:  see  John  of  Bruges 

Eylau,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1807),  9, 
330,  10,  470,  15,  215,  18,  373 

Ezekiel  (ca.  590  B.  C),  prophet  of 
Israel:  carried  to  Babylon,  1,  399 

Ezra  Church,  Georgia:  Hood  defeated 
at,  24,  797 

Ezra  the  Scribe  (5th  century  B.  C.)> 
prophet  of  Israel:  sketch  of,  1,  402 


F 


Fabius  (ist  century  B.  C),  lieutenant 
of  Caesar:  his  campaigns  in  Spain, 
8,  22 

Fabius  Maximus,  Quintus  (d.  203  B. 
C),  Roman  general,  called  The  Lin- 
guer  and  The  Shield  of  Rome:  made 
dictator,  3,  118;  his  campaigns 
against  Hannibal,  119;  death  of,  130 

Fabius  Maximus,  Quintus,  surnamed 
Allobrogicus  (ca.  125  B.  C),  Ro- 
man general;  campaign  in  Gaul,  9, 

7 

Fabius  of  America,  The:  see  Wash- 
ington, George 

Fabius  of  Austria,  The:  see  Daun, 
Leopold  Joseph  Maria,  Count  von 

Fabius  of  France,  The:  see  Montmor- 
ency, Anne 

Fabius  Rullianus,  Quintus  (d.  290  B. 
C),  Roman  general:  defeats  Etrus- 
cans, 3,  71;  at  battle  of  Sentinum, 
72 

Fabre  d'  Eglantine,  Philippe  Frangois 
Nazaire  (1755-1794),  French  drama- 
tist and  revolutionist:  leader  of  Cor- 
delier club,  9,  272;  death  of,  288 

Fabri,  Friedrich  (d.  1891),  German 
writer:  influences  German  coloniza- 
tion efforts,  19,  91 

Fabricius  (ca.  1600),  Austrian  official: 
accused  of  inciting  the  Emperor 
Mathias  against  the  Protestants,  17, 
201 

Factory  Act  (1877),  passed  by  Swiss 
government  ameliorating  conditions 
of  laborers   (1877),  13,  571 

Faddiley,  England:  battle  of  (584  A. 
D.),  II,  25 

Fadilla  (d.  211  A.  D.),  daughter  of 
Marcus  Aurelius:  death  of,  4,  102 

Fadinger,  Stephen  (ca.  1600),  Aus- 
trian peasant:   leads  revolt,   18,  271 

Fadrique  (d.  1358),  grand  master  of 
Santiago:  remonstrates  with  Pedro 
the  Cruel,  8,  162;  death  of,   164 


246 


Faenza,  Italy:  siege  of  (1240),  13, 
358 

Faesulae:  see  Fiesole 

Fa-hsien  (5th  century  A.  D.),  Chinese 
Buddhist  monk:  his  expedition  to 
India,  6,  14 

Faidherbe,  Louis  Leon  Cesar  (1818- 
1889),  French  general:  in  the 
Franco-Prussian  War,  18,  425 

Failly,  Pierre  Louis  Charles  Achille 
de  (1810-1892),  French  general:  in 
the    Franco-Prussian    War,    9,    463 

Fairbanks,  Charles  Warren  (1852 
),  American  statesman:  Vice- 
President,  24,  1064 

Fairfax,  Lieutenant  (ca.  1850),  Amer- 
ican naval  commander:  in  the  Trent 
Affair,  24,  729 

Fairfax,  Thomas,  Lord  (1611-1671), 
English  general:  appointed  head  of 
New   Model  army,   11,   351 

Fairfax,  Thomas,  Lord  (1691-1782), 
American  colonial  planter:  employs 
Washington,  23,   170 

Fairmount  Park,  Philadelphia:  scene 
of  Centennial  Exposition,  24,  903 

Faith,  Defender  of:  see  Henry  VIII, 
King  of  England 

Fajardo  (ca.  1650),  Mexican  general: 
his  campaigns  in  the  Indian  rebel- 
lion, 22,   168,  169 

Falaise,  Convention  of:  concluded  be- 
tween England  and  Scotland  (1174): 
concluded,  II,  108,  12,  266;  aban- 
doned, II,  108 

Falcon,  Juan  Crisostomo  (1820-1870), 
a  Venezuelan  general;  promotes  a 
Federalist  movement,  21,  97;  made 
president  of  Venezuela,  98;  reelected 
president,    101 

Falconet,  fitienne  Maurice  (1716- 
1791),  French  sculptor  and  writer: 
his  statue  of  Peter  the  Great,  15,  88 

Falerii,  Etruria,  Italy:  ally  of  Rome, 
3,  60;  war  with  Rome,  109 


GENERAL    INDEX 


247 


Falieri,  Marino  (1278-1355),  Doge  of 
Venice:    treachery   of,   4,   248 

Falieri,  Vitael,  Doge  of  Venice,  1084- 
1096:  at  war  with  Hungary,  17,  54 

Falkirk,  Scotland:  battles  of  (1298), 
ix,  150,  12,  276;  (1746),  11,  488 

Falkland,  Lord  (ca.  1830),  English 
nobleman:  his  administration  as 
governor  of  New  Brunswick,  20, 
163 

Falkland,      Lucius      Cary,     Viscount 
(1610-1643)      English      commander 
leader  of  religious  toleration  party, 
11,  341;  lord  deputy  of  Ireland,  12, 
hi 

Falkland  Islands,  in  the  south  At- 
lantic Ocean:  history  of,  20,  249 

Falls  of  Iguazu,  South  America:  de- 
scription of,  21,  314 

False  Coiner,  The:  see  Philip  III, 
King  of  France 

Famagosta,   Cyprus:   siege   of,  4,  309 

Family  Compact,  a  name  given  to 
three  treaties  in  the  18th  century 
between  the  French  and  Spanish 
Bourbon  dynasties  in  consequence 
of  which  Spain  joined  with  France 
in  the  war  against  Great  Britain,  5, 
187,  8,  414,  416,  9,  247,  11,  480 

Fanariote   Period,  The,  during  which 
the    Greek    official    aristocracy    had 
.  great    influence    at    Constantinople: 
14,  294 

Faneuil,  Peter  (1700-1743),  American 
merchant:  engaged  in  African  trade, 
23,   136 

Fannin,  James  W.  (d.  1836),  Amer- 
ican soldier:  at  battle  of  Mission 
Conception,  24,  533 

Fanti,  Manfredo  (1808-1865),  Italian 
general:  in  war  against  Papacy,  4, 
381 

Far  Eastern  Question,  The,  an  inter- 
national problem  relative  to  the 
spheres  of  influence  in  farther  Asia 
and  the  Pacific:  Philippine  Islands 
discovered  (1521),  8,  332,  20,  51,  23, 
37;  British  East  India  Company  es- 
tablished (1599),  5,  158,  11,  501,  20, 
59;  Dutch  East  India  Company  es- 
tablished (1602),  5,  154,  13,  166,  167, 
20,  56;  the  Moluccas  conquered  by 
the  Dutch  (1607),  20,  57;  first  Dan- 


ish East  India  Company  organized 
(1612),  5,  171;  Batavia  founded  by 
the  Dutch  (1618),  20,  57;  Massacre 
of  Amboyna  (1623),  5,  154,  162,  20, 
59;  Madras  obtained  by  the  British 
(1639),  5,  163,  11,  502,  20,  62;  Treaty 
of  Munster  excludes  Spain  from 
Eastern  trade  (1648),  13,  217;  20, 
114;  Dutch  drive  the  Portuguese  out 
of  Ceylon  (1658),  5,  155,  20,  113; 
Cochin  becomes  Dutch  property 
(1662),  20,  112;  French  East  India 
Company  established  (1664),  5,  169, 
9,  214,  20,  114;  Surat,  India,  settled 
by  the  French  (1668),  20,  114;  sec- 
ond Danish  East  India  Company 
organized  (1670),  5,  171;  United 
Company  of  Merchants  Trading  to 
the  East  Indies  chartered  (1698),  5, 
159,  20,  63;  Pegu  becomes  Dutch 
property  (1719),  20,  112;  French 
take  possession  of  the  Isle  of 
France  (1720),  115;  effect  of  the 
Definitive  Treaty  of  1763,  or  Treaty 
of  Paris,  5,  181,  9,  247,  II,  505,  20, 
120;  British  colonies  in  the  South 
Sea  (1800-1906),  20,  180;  Napoleon 
I  of  France  signs  treaty  of  alliance 
with  Persia  (1807),  5,  205;  England 
sends  embassies  to  the  Punjab,  Af- 
ghanistan, and  Persia  (1807-1813), 
205;  Amboyna  annexed  to  the  Brit- 
ish Empire  (1809),  205;  the  Moluc- 
cas annexed  to  the  British  Empire 
(1810),  205;  the  commercial  colony 
of  Victoria  established  by  England 
on  the  island  of  Hong-Kong  (1841), 
6,  135,  20,  255;  Marquesas  Islands 
annexed  by  France  (1842),  20,  276; 
New  Caledonia  seized  by  the  French 
(1853),  275;  Pago  Pago  ceded  by 
Samoan  natives  to  the  United 
States  (1872),  20,  321,  24,  997;  Brit- 
ish New  Guinea  annexed  to  the 
British  Empire  (1874),  20,  256;  Eng- 
land extends  her  protection  over 
the  Federated  Malay  States  (last 
quarter  of  19th  century),  252; 
Kaiser  Wilhelm's  Land  and  Bis- 
marck Archipelago  annexed  by 
Germany  (1884),  302;  France  es- 
tablishes a  protectorate  in  Indo- 
China    (1885    and    1893),    273;    Mar- 


248 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


shall  Islands  annexed  by  Germany 
(1885),  302;  North  Borneo  made  a 
British  protectorate  (1888),  255; 
Japan  and  Russia  in  Korea  and 
Manchuria  (1893-1904),  7,  275,  15, 
358;  Germany's  discontent  with  the 
situation  (1895),  15,  346;  Russia's 
power  (1896),  348,  350;  Anglo- 
French  Agreement  (1896),  20,  274; 
England  leases  territory  from 
China  at  Hong-Kong  (1898),  255; 
Russia  leases  Port  Arthur  and  Ta- 
lien-wan  (1898),  6,  272,  296,  7,  277, 
20,  255;  England  leases  port  and 
bay  of  Wei-hai-wei  (1898),  6,  272, 
7,  278,  20,  256;  Bay  of  Kwang-Chan 
leased  to  France  by  China  (1898), 
6,  272,  20,  274;  Hawaiian  Islands 
annexed  by  the  United  States 
(1898),  20,  310,  24,  1034;  Caroline 
Islands,  Pelew  Islands,  and  La- 
drone  Islands  purchased  by  Ger- 
many (1898),  20,  302;  two  largest 
islands  of  the  Samoan  group  added 
to  the  Germa  Empire  (1898-1899), 
20,  302,  24,  978;  Guam  and  the 
Philippine  Islands  annexed  by  the 
United  States  (1898),  20,  316,  24, 
1032;  German-American  Agreement 
(1900),  20,  321;  Anglo-French  Agree- 
ment (1904),  274;  Cochin-China  un- 
der full  French  sovereignty,  274; 
present  possessions  of  France  in  the 
Pacific,  276;  present  status  of  Por- 
tugal, 298 

Farce,  The  Fifteen  Years':  see  French 
Revolution 

Farel,  William  (1489-1565),  French 
reformer  and  preacher  in  Switzer- 
land, 13,  447 

Fargeau,  Lepelletier  (d.  1793),  French 
revolutionist:  death  of,  10,  240 

Farias,  Valentin  Gomez  (1 781-1858) 
Mexican  politician:  elected  vi^e- 
president  of  Mexico,  22,  271,  315; 
character  of,  317 

Farini,  Carlo  Luigi  (1812-1866),  Ital- 
ian historian,  statesman,  and  orator: 
joins  Garibaldi  in  Sicilian  campaign, 
4,    378 

Farmer  (ca.  1675),  English  scholar: 
candidate  for  presidency  of  Magda- 
len   College,    11,    426 


Farmer     George:     see     George     III, 

King   of    England 

Farmers'  Alliance  Party,  in  United 
States  politics,  an  organization  de- 
voted to  the  interests  of  farmers 
(1873):   in   election    (1888),   24,   966 

Farnbuhler  (ca.  1500),  Swiss  patriot: 
leads  insurrection,  13,  416 

Farnese,  Alessandro,  Duke  of  Parma 
( 1 547-1 592),  a  general  in  the  Span- 
ish service:  marriage  of,  13,  85;  his 
campaigns  in  the  Netherlands,  II, 
289,  291,  13,  130,  145;  his  relation  to 
the  assassination  of  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  13,  144;  his  campaigns  in 
France,  8,  356,  9,  167 

Farnese,  Alessandro:  see  Paul  III 

Farnese,  Ottavio  (1 520-1 586),  Duke 
of  Parma  1547-1586:  at  war  with 
Pope  Julius  III  and  Emperor 
Charles  V,  9,   145 

Farnsburg,  Switzerland:  siege  of 
(1444),  13,  401 

Farragut,  David  Glasgow,  an  Ameri- 
can naval  officer:  born  at  Campbell's 
Station,  Tennessee,  July  5,  1801; 
was  adopted  by  David  Porter;  ob- 
tained an  appointment  as  midship- 
man in  the  United  States  navy, 
1810;  served  under  Porter  on  the 
"  Essex  "  when  that  vessel  was  cap- 
tured by  the  "  Phcebe "  and  the 
"  Cherub  "  in  the  harbor  of  Valpa- 
raiso, March  28,  1814;  was  made 
lieutenant,  1825,  commander,  1841, 
and  captain,  1855;  captured  New  Or- 
leans, 1862,  destroying  the  Confed- 
erate fleet  and  compelling  the  sur- 
render of  Fort  Jackson  and  Fort 
St.  Philip;  made  an  attack  on  the 
batteries  of  Vicksburg,  1862,  suc- 
ceeded in  passing  them  but  found 
the  city  impregnable  from  the  river; 
was  made  rear-admiral,  1862;  was 
engaged  in  operations  against  Port 
Hudson,  March  to  July,  1863;  put 
an  end  to  the  blockade-running  at 
Mobile  by  passing  the  forts  which 
guarded  the  city  and  capturing  the 
Confederate  ironclad  "  Tennessee," 
August,  1864;  Congress  created  the 
office  of  vice-admiral  for  him,  De- 
cember,  1864,   and  that  of  admiral, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


249 


1866;  commanded  the  European 
Squadron,  1867;  died  at  Portsmouth, 
New  Hampshire,  August  14,  1870 

Opens  the  lower  Mississippi,  24, 
750;  victory  in  Mobile  Bay,  798;  po- 
litical effect   of  his   victories,  801 

Farthings,  War  of,  an  armed  revolt 
of  the  Swiss  peasants  against  the 
town  of  Basle,  13,  469 

Fashoda  Episode,  The,  the  question 
of  the  possession  of  Fashoda,  Af- 
rica (1898),  11,  639 

Fasi  (ca.  1779),  a  Swiss  geographer 
and  scientist:  sketch  of,  13,  494 

Fassineto,   Italy:   battle   of    (1859),   4 

373 

Fatehpur  Sikri,  India:  battle  of 
(1527),  5,  109 

Fath  AH,  shah  of  Persia,  1797-1834: 
reign  of,  5,  351 

Father  and  Friend  of  the  People, 
The:  see  Henry  IV,  King  of  France 

Father  Fritz:  see  Frederick  (II)  the 
Great,  King  of  Prussia 

Father  of  English  Commerce:  see 
Edward  III,   King  of   England 

Father  of  English  Poetry:  see  Chau- 
cer, Geoffrey 

Father  of  his  Country,  The:  see  Au- 
gustus, Roman  emperor;  also,  Cic- 
ero, Marcus  Tullius;  also,  Medici, 
Cosmo  de';  also,  Doria,  Andrea;  also 
Caesar,  Julius;  also  Louis  XVIII, 
King  of  France;  and  also  Washing- 
ton, George 

Father  of  his  People,  The:  see  Louis 
XII,  King  of  France 

Father  of  History,  The:  see  Herod- 
otus 

Father  of  Letters,  The:  see  Louis 
XII,  King  of  France:  also  Francis 
I,  King  of  France;  and  also,  Medici, 
Lorenzo  de' 

Father  of  Roman  Philosophy,  The: 
see  Cicero,  Marcus  Tullius 

Father  of  the  Constitution:  see  Madi- 
son, James 

Father  of  the  People,  The:  see  Chris- 
tian III,  King  of  Denmark 

Father  Violet:  see  Napoleon  (I)  Bon- 
aparte,  Emperor   of  the   French 

Fatima   (606-632  A.   D.),  daughter  of 


Mohammed:    marriage    of,    1,    240; 

death  of,  242 
Fatimite  Caliphs,  an  Arabian  dynasty, 

909-1 171:  rise  of,  1,  339 
Fatio,  Pierre  (ca.  1705),  Swiss  lawyer: 

leads  reform  movement  in  Geneva, 

13,  498 
Faughart,    Ireland:    battle    of    (1318), 

12,  61 
Faur,  Louis  of   (ca.    1559),  a   French 

Protestant    leader:    persecution    of, 

9,  149 

Faustina  (104-141  A.  D.),  Roman 
Empress,  wife  of  Antoninus:  kind- 
ness of  Antoninus  toward,  4,  96 

Faustinus  I,  Emperor  of  Hayti:  see 
Solouque 

Faustus  Sulla  (88-46  B.  C),  Roman 
soldier:  arrival  in  Africa,  3,  359; 
death,  359 

Fava,  Baron,  Italian  diplomat:  am- 
bassador to  United  States  (1892), 
24,  976 

Favier,  Bishop,  Catholic  prelate  in  Pe- 
king:  quoted,   6,  299 

Favila,  King  of  Asturias  and  Leon, 
737-739  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8,  130 

Favored  Child  of  Victory,  The:  see 
Massena,  Andre 

Favorite,  France:  battle  of  (1797),  9, 
302 

Favras,  Thomas  de  Mahy,  Marquis  de 
(1744-1790),  French  conspirator: 
plans  abduction  of  the  French  king, 

10,  115 

Favre  (ca.  1870),  a  Swiss  engineer: 
builds  the  St.  Gotthard  Railway,  13, 

574 

Favre,  Gabriel  Claude  Jules  (1809- 
1880),  French  statesman  and  orator: 
in  the  elections  of  1869,  9,  458;  pro- 
claims the  third  republic,  466;  made 
a  member  of  the  provisional  gov- 
ernment, 467;  quoted,  18,  424 

Fawkes,  Guy  (1570-1606),  English 
conspirator:  joins  plot  against 
James  I  of  England,  II,  308 

Fayetteville,  North  Carolina:  Confed- 
erates   seize   arsenal,   24,   691 

Fazy,  James  (1796-1878),  Swiss  states- 
man and  journalist:  establishes  the 
Radical  party  in  Geneva,  13,  550 


250 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


February  Revolution,  in  French  his- 
tory, the  revolution  of  1848,  16, 
269 

Federal  Bankruptcy  Act,  in  United 
States  history,  an  act  providing  for 
both  voluntary  and  involuntary 
bankruptcy  (1898),  24,  1020 

Federal  Bureau  of  Immigration  and 
Naturalization,  in  United  States: 
created,  24,  1083 

Federal  City:  see  Washington,  D.  C. 

Federal  Hall,  New  York  City:  scene 
of    first    Presidential    inauguration, 

33,  34i 

Federal  Pact,  The,  a  Federal  constitu- 
tion for  Switzerland  (1815),  13,  527 

Federalist,  The,  a  collection  of  papers 
written  on  the  topics  of  the  day  by 
Hamilton,  Madison,  and  Jay:  pub- 
lished, 23,  335 

Federalists,  American  political  party: 
origin  of,  23,  335;  strength  in  first 
congress,  343;  growth,  355;  John 
Adams  leader  of,  370;  reach  height 
of  power,  376;  unpopular  enactments 
of,  376;  New  England  chief  seat  of, 
431;  change  grounds  with  republi- 
cans in  New  England,  433;  fall  of, 
433;  service  to  the  nation,  433;  last 
nomination  of,  434;  absorbed  by 
Whigs,  434;  change  ground  with 
Republicans  on  bank  question,  439; 
end  of,  459 

Federated   Malay   States:    history    of, 

20,  252 

Federation  Alsacienne,  a  French  fra- 
ternal association:  formed  (1789), 
10,  120 

Federation  de  l'Est,  French  associa- 
tion: formed  (1790),  10,  120 

Federation  de  l'Etoile,  French  asso- 
ciation: formed  (1789),  10,  120 

Federation  de  Lyons,  Fiench  associa- 
tion: formed  (1790),  10,  120 

Fehrbellin,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1675), 
16,  211,  18,  301 

Fei,  Chinese  military  officer:  com- 
mander-in-chief of  army  (1695- 
1696),  6,  70 

Feijo,  Antonio,  Bishop  of  Mariana 
(1784-1843),  Brazilian  priest  and 
statesman:   made   regent   of   Brazil, 

21,  169 


Fejervary,  Baron  (living),  Hungarian 
statesman:  made  premier  of  Hun- 
gary (1905),  17.  445 

Felbinger  (ca.  1774),  Silesian  educa- 
tor:  summoned  to  Vienna,   17,   261 

Feleciano,  Senator  (ca.  1840),  South 
American  patriot:  leads  insurrection 
in  Minas  Geraes,  21,  170 

Felice  Peretti:  see  Sixtus  V 

Felipe,  Don  (ca.  1260),  brother  of 
Alfonso  X  of  Spain:  revolt  of,  8, 
108;  becomes  regent  for  Alfonso 
XI,   159 

Felipe:  see  Philip  . 

Felix  (I),  Saint,  Bishop  of  Rome,  269- 
274:  martyred,  13,  334 

Felix  II  (d.  365),  Pope,  335-358:  made 
Bishop  of  Rome  by  Constantius,  4, 

125 
Felix   V    (Amadeus   VIII    of   Savoy) 

(1383-1451),  Pope,  1440-1449:  acces- 
sion of,  4,  277;  pontificate  of,  18, 
213 

Felix,  Antonius,  Roman  procurator  of 
Judea,  55-60  A.  D.:  misgovernment 
of,   1,  410 

Fellenberg,  Emanuel  von  (1 771-1844), 
Swiss  philanthropist  and  educator: 
sketch  of,  13,  522;  aids   Pestalozzi, 

523 

Felton,  John  (d.  1628),  English  as- 
sassin: kills  the  Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham, 11,  325 

Feltre,  Henri  Jacques  Guillaume 
Clarke,  Duke  of  (1765-18 18), 
French  general  and  statesman: 
made   minister  of  war,   9,   360,   367 

Feng  Tai,  China:  Boxer  outrages  at, 
6,   300 

Feng-hwang-cheng,  China :  captured 
by  Japanese,  7,  309,  15,  361 

Feng-shui  (Wafangao)  Pass,  Japan: 
captured  by  the  Japanese,  7,  310 

Fenian  Brotherhood,  an  association 
of  Irishmen:  organized,  12,  234; 
rising  of,  XI,  625 

Feodor  (I)  Ivanovitch  (1557-1598), 
Tsar  of  Moscow,  1584-1598:  reign 
of,  15,  18;  Sweden  refuses  to  make 
peace  with,  16,  167 

Feodor  (II)  Alexievitch  (1580-1605), 
Tsar  of  Moscow,  1605:  reign  of,  15, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


251 


Feofan  Prokopovitch,  Bishop  of  Nov- 
gorod (b.  1681),  Russian  ecclesiastic 
and  statesman:  sketch  of,  15,  72 

Ferag  ben  Ferag  (ca.  1568),  Spanish 
rebel:    leader   of    Moriso    revolt,   8, 

367 

Feraud  (ca.  1795),  French  deputy: 
killed  by  the  insurgents,  10,  337; 
condemnation  and  rescue  of  his 
murderer,  339 

Ferdinand  I  (1503-1564),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1556-1561:  betrothed  to 
Anne  of  Hungary,  17,  168,  175;  mar- 
ries Anne  of  Hungary,  176,  18,  231; 
claims  crown  of  Hungary,  14,  152; 
proclaimed  king  of  Hungary,  17, 
216;  reign  of,  as  King  of  Bohemia 
and  of  Hungary,  176,  194;  accession 
to  German  possessions  of  the  House 
of  Hapsburg,  18,  242;  calls  second 
Diet  of  Speyer,  246;  elected  to  Ger- 
man crown,  249;  accession  to 
imperial  crown,  4,  307,  9,  147,  13. 
59,  18,  260;  reign  of,  as  emperor, 
*7>  177'>  opposes  the  Reformation, 
*3>  443>  x8,  245;  seeks  peace  with 
Turkey,  14,  159;  unites  with  Mau- 
rice of  Saxony,  18,  258;  his  rela- 
tions with  Suleiman,  261;  death  of, 
17,  179,  18,  262 

Ferdinand  II  (1578-1637),  Holy  Ro- 
man Emperor,  1619-1637:  persecutes 
the  Protestants,  18,  265;  works  in 
behalf  of  Catholicism  in  Styria,  17, 
180;  recognized  as  heir  to  Bohemian 
throne,  201;  becomes  King  of  Bo- 
hemia, 18,  267;  reign  of,  as  King 
of  Bohemia,  17,  206;  reign  of,  as 
King  of  Hungary,  225;  accession  of, 
to  imperial  throne,  9,  189,  17,  204; 
reign  of,  as  emperor,  17,  182,  18, 
269;  death  of,  9,   192,  18,  290 

Ferdinand  III  (1608-1657),  Holy  Ro- 
man Emperor,  1637-1657:  his  cam- 
paigns in  the  Thirty  Years'  War,  9, 
190,  18,  288;  crowned  King  of  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  209;  reign  of,  as  King 
of  Bohemia,  212;  reign  of,  as  King 
of  Hungary,  227;  reign  of,  as  Em- 
peror, 17,   182,  18,  290 

Ferdinand  (I)  the  Just  (1379-1416), 
King  of  Aragon  and  of  Sicily,  1412- 


1416:  accession  to  throne  of  Ara- 
gon, 8,  260 

Ferdinand  II,  King  of  Aragon:  see 
Ferdinand  V,  King  of  Spain 

Ferdinand  I  (1793-1875),  Emperor  of 
Austria,  1835-1848:  his  accession  to 
the  thrones  of  Hungary  and  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  3;  crowned  King  of  Hun- 
gary, 338;  reign  of,  17,  345,  18,  396; 
abdication  of,  17,  371,  377 

Ferdinand  (I)  the  Great  (d.  1065), 
King  of  Leon  and  Castile:  reign  of, 
8,  140;  defeats  Bermudo  of  Leon, 
200 

Ferdinand  II  (d.  1188),  King  of  Leon, 
1157-1188:  reign  of,  8,  146 

Ferdinand  (III)  the  Saint  (ca.  1200- 
1252),  King  of  Leon  and  Castile: 
birth,  8,  100;  campaigns  against  the 
Moors,  102,  104;  accession  to  throne 
of  Castile,  150;  accession  to  throne 
of  Leon,  151 

Ferdinand  IV  (1285-1312),  King  of 
Leon  and  Castile,  1295-1312:  reign 
of,  8,  157 

Ferdinand  V,  King  of  Castile:  see 
Ferdinand  V,  King  of  Spain 

Ferdinand  (V)  the  Catholic,  King  of 
Spain  (V  of  Castile,  II  of  Aragon 
and  Sicily,  and  III  of  Naples);  born 
at  Sos,  Spain,  March  10,  1452;  was 
associated  with  his  father,  John  II 
of  Aragon  in  the  government  of 
that  kingdom,  1466,  and  made  King 
of  Sicily,  1468;  married  Isabella  of 
Castile,  1469;  was  proclaimed  joint 
sovereign  of  Castile  with  Isabella 
on  the  death  of  Henry  IV  in  1474; 
fought  the  battle  of  Toro,  1476,  in 
defense  of  their  rights  against  Al- 
fonso V  of  Portugal  who  unsuc- 
cessfully supported  the  claims  of 
Juana,  daughter  of  Henry  IV;  suc- 
ceeded to  the  throne  of  Aragon, 
1479;  established  the  Inquisition  at 
Seville  (1480);  was  at  war  with  the 
Moors,  1482-1492;  expelled  the  Jews 
from  his  kingdoms,  1492;  listened  to 
Columbus's  schemes,  1492,  and  sanc- 
tioned his  voyages;  joined  the  coali- 
tion against  Charles  VIII  of 
France,   1495;   ascended   the   throne 


262 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


of  Naples,  1504;  on  the  death  of 
Isabella,  1504,  was  proclaimed  re- 
gent of  Castile;  invaded  Navarre  and 
conquered  it,  1512;  incorporated  Na- 
varre with  Castile,  1515;  died  at 
Madrigalejo,  Estremadura,  Spain, 
January  23,  1516 

Reign  of,  8,  185;  accession  to 
throne  of  Sicily,  267;  marries  Isa- 
bella, 182;  accession  to  throne  of 
Castile,  183;  at  war  with  the  Moors, 

8,  120,  122,  23,  28;  accession  to 
throne  of  Aragon,  8,  121,  184,  268; 
appoints  the  Spanish  Inquisition,  13, 
83  note;  patronizes  Columbus,  20, 
36;  wins  Naples,  4,  291;  concludes 
alliance  with  Louis  XII  of  France, 

9,  133;  joins  Holy  League,  11,  236; 
conquers  Navarre,  8,  216;  his  rela- 
tions with  the  Church  in  the  colo- 
nies, 20,  45 

Ferdinand  VI  (1713-1759),  King  of 
Spain,  1746-1759:  reign  of,  8,  412; 
death  of,  22,  199 

Ferdinand  VII  (1784-1833),  King  of 
Spain,  1808,  1814-1833:  intrigues  of 
8,  482,  485;  accession  of,  9,  332,  21, 
54,  22,  230;  reign  of,  488 

Ferdinand  I  (ca.  1424-1494),  King  of 
Naples,  1458-1494:  declared  legiti- 
mate, 8,  265;  accession  of,  4,  265,  8, 
266;  at  war  with  Florence,  4,  269; 
reign  of,  8,  268 

Ferdinand  II  (1469-1496),  King  of 
Naples  and  Sicily,  1495-1496:  reign 
of,  8,  269;  flees  before  Charles  VIII 
of  France,  9,  131 

Ferdinand  III,  King  of  Naples:  see 
Ferdinand  V,  King  of  Spain 

Ferdinand  IV,  King  of  Naples:  see 
Ferdinand  I,  King  of  the  Two  Sici- 
lies 

Ferdinand  I  (1 345-1 383),  King  of  Por- 
tugal, 1367-1383:  reign  of,  8,  290 

Ferdinand  II  (1816-1885),  Duke  of 
Saxe-Coburg,  titular  King  of  Por- 
tugal: marries  Maria  II  of  Portu- 
gal, 8,  537 

Ferdinand  I  (IV,  King  of  Naples) 
(1751-1825),  King  of  the  Two  Sici- 
lies, 1759-1825:  accession  of,  8,  414; 
marries  Maria  Caroline  of  Austria, 
17,  245;  abdicates,  4,  352 


Ferdinand  (16th  century),  Archduke 
of  Austria:  given  the  Tyrol,  17,  179; 
labors  for  the  restoration  of  Ca- 
tholicism in  the  Tyrol,  187 

Ferdinand  (18th  century),  Archduke 
of  Austria:  marries  the  Princess  of 
Modena,  17,  245 

Ferdinand  (early  19th  century), 
Archduke  of  Austria:  his  campaigns 
against  France,  9,  325,  15,  214 

Ferdinand  (18th  century),  Duke  of 
Parma:  marries  Marie  Amelia  of 
Austria,  17,  245 

Ferdinand  I  (1549-1609),  Grand  Duke 
of  Tuscany:  patronizes  Galileo,  4, 
320 

Ferdinand  (14th  century),  Infante  of 
Aragon:  rebellion  of,  8,  251 

Ferdinand  (I)  of  Saxe-Coburg  (1861- 

),   Prince   of   Bulgaria:   account 

of,  14,  495;  accession  of,  15,  342 

Ferdinand  (1402-1443),  Infante  of 
Portugal:  campaign  of,  in  Africa, 
8,  305 

Ferdinand  (1 721-1792),  Duke  of 
Brunswick:  in  the  Seven  Years' 
War,  9,  245;  commands  in  Hanover, 
11,  501 

Ferdinand  (1600-1641),  Archduke  of 
Toledo:  appointed  governor-general 
of  the  Netherlands,  13,  211;  death 
of,  214 

Ferdinand,  Treaty  of:  see  Alliance, 
Christian 

Ferdinand  Charles  III  (d.  1854),  Duke 
of  Parma:  assassination  of,  4,  369 

Ferdousi  (Firdausi)  (940-1020  A.  D.), 
Persian  poet:  sketch  of,  5,  93,  329 

Fere  Champenoise,  France:  battle  of 
(1814),  9,  348,  15,  262 

Fergus  (ca.  330  B.  C.)»  Irish  chief: 
leads  colonists  to  Scotland,  12,  38 

Ferguson,  General  (ca.  1780),  British 
officer  in  America:  at  battle  of 
King's  Mountain,  23,  279 

Fergusson,  James  (1808-1886),  a  Scot- 
tish writer  on  architecture:  sketch 
of,  5,  263 

Fermor,  William  (ca.  1758),  an  Eng- 
lish officer  and  diplomat  in  Russia: 
sketch  of,  15,  147;  campaigns  of, 
15,  148,  18,  338 

Fernan    GonsaJez     (ca.    950    A.    D.), 


GENERAL    INDEX 


253 


Count  of   Castile:  revolt  of,  8,   136 

Fernandez,  Ruperto  (ca.  1861),  a  Bo- 
livian statesman:  member  of  pro- 
visional government  of  Bolivia,  21, 
188;  leads  insurrection,   189 

Fernando,  one  of  Bahama  islands:  dis- 
covered and   named,  21,  6 

Fernando  de  Valor:  see  Mohammed 
ben  Humeya 

Fernando  Po,  island  west  of  Africa: 
sketch  of,  19,  213;  under  Spanish 
rule,  20,  299 

Ferney,  The  Patriarch  of:  see  Vol- 
taire 

Ferney,  The  Philosopher  of:  see  Vol- 
taire 

Ferocious  Beast  of  Ansonia,  The:  see 
Caracalla,  Roman  emperor 

Ferrand  (13th  century),  Count  of 
Flanders:  at  war  with  Philip  Au- 
gustus of  France,  9,  76 

Ferrara,  Italy:  elects  Azzo  VII  as  its 
lord,  4,  200 

Ferrol,  Spain:  battle  of  (1805),  9,  325 

Ferruccio,  Francesco  (16th  century), 
Italian  soldier:  defends  Florence  at 
siege,  4,  306 

Ferry,  Jules  Franc,  ois  Camille   (1832- 

I893),     French     statesman:     in     the 

elections    of    1869,    9,   458;    minister 

of  public  instruction,  482;   ministry 

'     of,  483 

Ferry  Bridge,  England:  battle  of 
(1461),  11,  213 

Fersen,  Count  Axel  (1 755-1810), 
Swedish  marshal:  death  of,  16,  253 

Fessing,  John  (ca.  1698),  an  English 
traveler:  induces  Peter  to  visit 
England,  15,  33 

Festus  Porcius,  Roman  procurator  of 
Judaea,  60-62  A.  D.:  government  of, 
1,  410 

Feth  Ghirai  (ca.  1736),  Khan  of  the 
Crimea:  wins  victories  over  Rus- 
sians, 14,  307 

Feudalism,  a  system  by  which  the 
holding  of  estates  in  land  is  made 
dependent  upon  an  obligation  to 
render  military  service  to  the  king 
or  feudal  superior:  growth  of,  in 
England,  11,  51;  in  Normandy,  58; 
systematized  by  William  the  Con- 
queror, 73;  feudal  dues,  84;    Henry 


II  attempts  to  lessen  the  power  of 
the  barons,  08;  general  breaking  up 
of,  226;  in  Switzerland,  13,  350;  its 
relations  to  Turkish  institutions, 
14,  96,  184,  203,  368,  377;  efforts  of 
Dutch  to  establish,  23,  102 

Feuillade,  Francois  d'  Aubusson  de  la 
(d.  1691),  Marshal  of  France:  at 
battle  of  St.  Gothard,  14,  240;  at 
siege  of  Candia,  243 

Feuillant  Club,  a  political  club  estab- 
lished at  Paris  during  the  Revolu- 
tion: organized,  10,  128;  opened  in 
opposition  to  the  Jacobins,  139 

Few,  William  (1748-1828),  an  Ameri- 
can patriot:  in  first  Congress,  23, 
343 

Fez,  a  sultanate  in  the  northern  part 
of  Morocco:  founded,  1,  364 

Fezier  (ca.  1700),  French  engineer: 
•  his  explorations,  21,  34 

Fiala,  Anthony   (1871 ),  American 

explorer:   explorations   of,    16,   328 

Fichte,  Johann  Gottlieb  (1762-1814), 
a  German  metaphysician:  his  ef- 
forts to  liberate  Germany,  18,  375 

Ficquelmont,  Count  Karl  Ludwig  von 
(1777-1857),  an  Austrian  general 
and  diplomatist:  made  leader  of  the 
cabinet,   17,  362 

Fidenae,  Italy:  early  wars  for  posses- 
sion of,  3,  20 

Field,  James  Gaven  (1826-1901), 
American  lawyer:  nominated  for 
Vice-President  (1892),  24,  991 

Field,  Stephen  Johnson  (1816-1899), 
an  American  jurist:  member  of  the 
Electoral  Commission,  24,  913 

Field  of  Lies,  The,  Germany:  a  battle 
between  Lewis  the  Pius  and  his 
three  sons  (833  A.  D.),  28,  91 

Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold,  near  Ar- 
dres,  France,  celebrated  as  the 
meeting  place  of  Francis  I  and 
Henry  VIII   (1520),  9,   137,  11,  240 

Fielden,  Samuel,  an  American  states- 
man: leader  of  Chicago  anarchists, 
24,  961 

Fielding,  Henry  (1707-1754),  English 
novelist:  sketch  of,  11,  494 

Fiennes,  Gislain  de  (ca.  1550),  a 
Dutch  noble:  given  command  of  the 
privateers,  13,  in 


254) 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Fieschi  Plot,  The:  a  plot  to  kill  Louis 
Philippe  (1835),  9,  408 

Fiesole  (Faesulae),  Italy:  battle  of 
(405  A.  D.),  4,  138,  18,  38 

Fifteen  Years'  Farce,  The:  see  French 
Revolution,  The 

Fifth  of  November,  Battle  of  the:  see 
Inkerman:  battle  of  (1854) 

"  Fifty-four  forty  or  fight "  in  United 

1  States  history,  an  election  cry  for 
the  campaign  of  1844:  meaning  and 
use  of,  24,  543 

Fighting  Bishop,  The:  see  Polk, 
Leonidas 

Figner  (ca.  1800),  a  Russian  captain: 
his  guerrilla  warfare,  15,  238,  246 

Figueras  y  Moracas,  Estanislao 
(1819-1822),  a  Spanish  statesman: 
made  minister  of  finance  in  provi- 
sional government,  8,  510 

Figulus,  Publius  Nigidius  (100-44  B 
C),  Roman  Pythagorean  philoso- 
pher: finds  difficulty  in  returning  to 
Italy,  3,  366 

Fiji  Islands,  an  archipelago  in  the 
South  Pacific:  British  take  posses- 
sion of  (1874),  30,  217;  government 
of,  256 

Filangieri,  Gaetano  (1 752-1 788),  Ital- 
ian editor:  sketch  of,  4,  339 

Filingshausen,  Germany:  battle  of 
(1761),  9,  247 

Fillmore,  Millard  (1800-1874),  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  July  9, 
1850-March  4,  1853:  nominated  for 
Vice-President,  24,  558;  becomes 
President,  609;  issues  proclamation 
concerning  execution  of  Fugitive 
Slave  Law,  616;  message  to  Con- 
gress (1851),  618;  candidate  for 
Presidential  nomination  (1852),  620; 
nominated  for  President  (1856),  652 

Fimbria,  Caius  Flavius  (d.  85  B.  C), 
Roman  general:  his  campaign 
against  Mithradates,  3,  219;  at- 
tempts to  kill  Quintus  Scaevola, 
224;  death,  220 

Finaghta  (ca.  675  A.  D.),  King  of 
Ireland:  renounces  the  Boru  Tax, 
13,  39 

Finan  (ca.  670  A.  D.),  an  Irish  bishop: 
governs  the  monastery  of  Lindes- 
farne,  12,  36 


Finance: 
ARABIA:  after  Mohammed,  1,  257 
ASSYRIA:  revenues  of  the  Second 
Empire,  1,  82 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  revenues 
(1200),  17,  93;  revenues  (1700),  188; 
situation  in  the  early  19th  century, 
303,  328 

CHINA:  condition  of  revenues 
(1895),  6,  275 

CONGO  FREE  STATE:  revenues 
(1894),  19,  123 

CUBA:  condition  of  revenues,  22, 
480 

EGYPT:  tributes  from  Asia,  1,  23; 
revenues  under  Arabian  control, 
299 

ENGLAND:  under  William  the 
Conqueror,  II,  79;  taxes  in  1198, 
114;  revenues  under  Edward  I,  144, 
149;  under  James  I,  309,  315;  ship- 
money  under  Charles  I,  334;  under 
Cromwell,  369;  under  Charles  II, 
389,  396;  revenues  under  James  II, 
422;  Bank  of  England  established 
(1694),  441;  under  George  III,  566 
FRANCE:  heavy  taxation  (ca. 
1300),  9,  89,  95;  debt  after  Louis 
XIV,  228,  232,  248;  revenues  (1765), 
10,  12;  under  Louis  XVI,  27,  29, 
31,  36;  during  the  Revolution,  no, 
165,  372,  418;  under  Necker,  9,  254; 
fiscal  laws  (1824),  381;  laws  passed 
by  legislative  chamber  (1831),  400; 
revenues  (1870),  458 
GERMANY:  in  the  early  18th  cen- 
tury, 18,  308,  324 

GREECE:  revenues  of  Athens  (431 
B.  C),  2,  276;  revenues  of,  547,  549 
INDIA:  revenues  under  the  Mo- 
hammedan rule,  5,  103;  under  the 
Mogul  dynasty,  116,  120,  124;  under 
British  governors  (1770),  189;  land 
revenue  of  Bengal,  195;  under 
British  control,  243,  247,  249;  finan- 
cial crisis  due  to  the  depreciation 
of  the  monetary  standard,  273;  ad- 
justment of  revenues  to  England, 
289 

ITALY:    under    Augustus,    4,    37; 
revenues   (1870-1900),  400 
JAPAN:   reforms  in   taxes    (645   A. 
D.),      7,      23;      taxes      systematized 
(1600),      115;     provincial     taxation, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


255 


143.  145;  financial  crisis  (1872),  175; 
land  tax  (1900),  223 
MACEDON:  in  the  time  of  Philip, 
2,  459 

MEXICO:  in  the  18th  century,  22, 
196 

PERSIA:  under  Darius,  I,  168; 
financial  crisis  due  to  debased  coin- 
age (1898),  5,  364 

ROME:  the  Senate  manages  the 
state  finances,  3,  34;  the  revenues 
of  the  Empire,  244;  the  revenues 
managed  by  an  oligarchy  of  capi- 
talists, 247;  in  the  time  of  Caesar, 
37i,  376 

RUSSIA:  revenues  in  (1897),  15, 
348 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  revenues  of 
Bolivia  (1830),  21,  186;  (1870),  191; 
revenues  of  Colombia  (1870),  91; 
revenues  of  Ecuador  (1875),  116; 
revenues  of  Venezuela  (i860),  99 
SPAIN:  under  Arabian  rule,  1, 
320;  revenues  in  the  17th  and  18th 
centuries,  8,  421,  422,  430;  reforms 
(1900),  520 

SWITZERLAND:  revenues  of  the 
Confederation   (1500),  13,  424 
TURKEY:     revenues      (16th     cen- 
tury),    14,     184;     revenues     (1830), 
440;   in   1905,   510 

UNITED  STATES:  at  the  time  of 
the  Revolution,  23,  292,  312;  Ham- 
ilton's policy,  348;  establishment 
of  national  bank  (1792),  350,  352; 
establishment  of  national  mint, 
353;  American,  in  the  first  half  of 
the  19th  century,  24,  1092;  meas- 
ures under  Jackson,  23,  500,  506; 
during  the  Civil  War,  24,  819;  na- 
tional finances  under  Grant,  897; 
legislation  under  Hayes,  922;  Sher- 
man Silver  Law  (1890),  974;  under 
Cleveland  (1893),  994,  1006;  legisla- 
tion under  McKinley,  1019 

Financier  of  the  Revolution:  see  Mor- 
ris, Robert 

Finch,  Edward  (18th  century),  Eng- 
lish ambassador:  at  the  Russian 
court,  15,  125,  132,  137 

Fingo,  Africa:  sold  to  the  English 
19,  36 

Finland,  grand  duchy  of  the  Russian 


empire:  recognizes  Gustavus  Vasa, 
16,  154;  in  the  Northern  War,  15, 
38,  42,  63;  passes  to  Russia,  15,  64, 
68,  217,  17,  306;  under  Nicholas  II, 
}1,  353,  358 

Finns,  inhabitants  of  Finland,  Russia: 
location  of,  15,  6;  the  progenitors  of 
the  modern,  16,  6;  assimilation  of, 
15,  8;  driven  out  by  the  Goths,  16, 
35;  conversion  of  the,  103;  as 
American  colonists,  23,   127 

Firbolgs,  early  race  of  Ireland:  set- 
tle in  Ireland,  12,  24 

Firdausi:  see  Ferdousi 

Fire,  The  King  of:  see  Napoleon  (I) 
Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the  French 

Firinghis,  Portuguese  settlers  in  In- 
dia; description  of,  5,  153 

Firozshah,  India:  battle  of  (1846),  5, 
221 

First  Gentleman  of  Europe:  see 
George  IV,  King  of  England 

Firth,  John  (ca.  1530),  English  Re- 
former: persecution  of,  11,  251 

Firuz  (ca.  650  A.  D.),  Persian  prince: 
accepts  the  station  of  captain  in 
Chinese  army,  1,  265 

Firuz  Shah  Tughlak  (ca.  1350),  Sul- 
tan of  India:  reign  of,  5,  103 

Fischer,  Olfert  (ca.  1800),  a  Danish 
commander:  at  the  battle  of  Copen- 
hagen, 16,  256 

Fish,  Hamilton  (1808-1893),  an 
American  statesman:  in  Grant's 
Cabinet,  24,  862;  in  Joint  High  Com- 
mission, 883;  protests  against  recog- 
nition of  Cuban  belligerency  rights, 
887 

Fisher,  John  0459-1535),  Bishop  of 
Rochester:  supports  cause  of  Catha- 
rine against  Henry  VIII  of  England, 
11,  246;   inprisoned,  254;   death   of, 

255 
Fisher's     Hill,     Virginia:     battle     of 

(1864),   24,   792;   political   effect   of 

victory,  801 
Fishery  Disputes: 

1783-1888.  Between  the  United 
States  and  Great  Britain  over 
privileges  in  British  North  Amer- 
ica, 23,  287,  310,  24,  641,  959 

1886-1893.  Between  Great  Britain 
and  the  United  States,  relating  to 


256 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Alaskan  seal  fishing,  20,  307,  24, 
979,  1020, 
1890.     Between  English  and  French 
fishermen  off   Newfoundland,  20, 
179 

Fishing  City,  The:  see  Sidon 

Fitch,  Ralph  (16th  century),  Eng- 
lish traveler:  visits  India,  5,  157 

Fitzgerald,  Prime  Sergeant  (ca.  1803), 
Irish  patriot:  opposes  Union,  12, 
215 

Fitzgerald,  Lord  Edward  (1 763-1 798), 
Irish  politician  and  revolutionist: 
joins  the  United  Irishmen,  12,  206; 
arrest  and  death  of,  209 

Fitzgerald,  Garret,  8th  Earl  of  Kil- 
dare:  see  Kildare,  Garret  Fitzger- 
ald, 8th  Earl  of 

Fitzgerald,  Gerald,  Earl  of  Kildare: 
see  Kildare,  Gerald  Fitzgerald, 
Earl  of 

Fitzgerald,  James  Fitzmaurice  (ca. 
1567),  an  Irish  patriot;  incites  Irish 
chiefs  to  insurrection,  12,  89 

Fitzgerald,  John  (ca.  1567),  Irish  pa- 
priot:  joins  rebellion,  12,  89 

Fitzgerald,  Maurice  (d.  1176),  Irish 
patriot:  agrees  to  aid  Dermot  Mac- 
Murrogh,  12,  49;  his  campaign  in 
Ireland  (1257),  58;  Earl  of  Des- 
mond, 63 

Fitzgerald,  Raymond,  surnamed  "le 
Gros "  (ca.  1170),  Irish  patriot:  his 
career  in  Ireland,  12,  50,  53 

Fitzgerald,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Desmond 
(i426?-i467),  called  the  Great  Earl, 
Irish  statesman:  made  lord  deputy 
of  Ireland,  12,  70;  fall  of,  71 

Fitzgerald,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Desmond 
(d.  1583),  Irish  nobleman:  rebellion 
of,  12,  89 

Fitzgerald,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Kildare 
(1513-1537),  Irish  nobleman:  made 
lord  deputy  of  Ireland,  12,  78;  re- 
bellion of,  79 

Fitzgerald,  Vesey  (ca.  1829),  Irish 
politician:  candidate  for  office 
against  O'Connell,  1 1,  584;  defeated 
for  Parliament  by  O'Connell,  221 

Fitzgerald,  Sir  William  Robert  Sey- 
mour Vesey  (1818-1885),  British 
official:   sketch  of,  5,  252 


Fitzgibbon,  John,  Earl  of  Clare  (1749- 
1802),  British  jurist:  supports  Irish 
cause,  12,  186;  proposes  a  crushing 
crimes  bill,  196;  leads  opposition  to 
emancipation  bill,  203;  made  Earl 
of  Clare,  204 

Fitz-Nigel,  Richard  (ca.  1199),  Eng- 
lish writer:  writings  of,  11,  115 

Fitzosbert,  William,  surnamed  Long- 
beard  (12th  century),  English  dema- 
gogue: leads  an  insurrection  of 
London  artisans,  IX,  117 

Fitz-Osborn,  William  (d.  1071),  Nor- 
man noble:  death  of,  13,  26 

Fitzpatrick,  Benjamin  (19th  century), 
American  politician:  offered  nomi- 
nation for  Vice-President  (i860),  24, 
682 

Fitzsimmons,  Thomas  (ca.  1789), 
American  politician  in  first  Con- 
gress, 23,  342 

Fitzstephen,  Robert  (12th  century), 
Welsh  gentleman:  his  career  in  Ire- 
land, 12,  49,  53 

Fitzwilliam,  Sir  William  (ca.  1597), 
Irish  statesman:  lord  deputy  of  Ire- 
land, 12,  94 

Fitzwilliams,  William  Wentworth, 
Earl  (1748-1833),  En~lish  states- 
man: made  lord  lieutenant  of  Ire- 
land, 11,  54s,  12,  202 

Fiume,  seaport  of  Hungary:  acquired 
by  the  house  of  Austria,  17,  108; 
made  a  free  port,  193;  annexed  to 
Hungary,  406 

Five  Forks,  Virginia:  battle  of  (1865), 
24,  810 

Five  Good  Emperors,  The:  see  Nerva, 
Trajan,  Hadrian,  Antonius  Pius, 
and  Marcus  Aurelius,  Roman  Em- 
perors 

Five  Knights'  Case,  The,  appeal  of 
five  knights  in  England  to  the  Court 
of  King's  Bench  (1627),  II,  323 

Five  Mile  Act,  in  English  history  an 
act  passed  for  the  persecution  of 
the  Dissenters  (1665),  11,  387 

Five  Nations,  The:  see  Iroquois  In- 
dians 

"  Five  Thousand,"  body  of  citizens  at 
Athens:  rule  of,  2,  358 

Flaccus,  Lucius  Valerius  (3rd  century 


GENERAL    INDEX 


257 


B.  C.)>  Roman  noble:  influences 
Cato  to  enter  upon  a  political  ca- 
reer, 3,  157 

Flaccus,  Lucius  Valerius,  Roman  con- 
sul, 86  B.  C. :  arrives  , in  Greece  with 
army,  3,  218;  aids  reforms  of  Sulla, 
230;  removed  from  command  by 
mutiny,  219;  proposes  the  law  con- 
ferring the  dictatorship  on  Sulla, 
231 

Flaccus,  Marcus  Fulvius  (d.  121  B. 
C),  Roman  consul,  125  B.  C: 
member  of  the  land  commission,  3, 
178;  proposes  that  the  question  of 
the  citizenship  of  allies  should  be 
considered  in  the  comitia,  179; 
death,  184 

Flaccus,  Quintus  Fulvius  (2nd  cen- 
tury B.  C),  Roman  general:  his 
success  in  Spain,  3,  136 

Flambard,  Ranulf  (Ralph)  (d.  1128), 
Bishop  of  Durham:  his  power  and 
influence,  II,  83;  deposed  by  Henry 
I,  88 

Flamininus,  Titus  Quintius  (ca.  225- 
ca.  165  B.  C),  Roman  consul  and 
general:  in  second  Macedonian  war, 
3,  140;  returns  to  Rome,  142 

Flaminius,  Gaius  (d.  217  B.  C),  Ro- 
man consul  and  general:  defeated 
at  Telamon,  3,  109;  at  battle  of 
Lake  Trasimene,  118;  excludes 
freedmen  from  the  centuries,   158 

Flanders,  province  in  Belgium:  origin 
of,  13,  20;  furnishes  assistance  to 
William  the  Conqueror,  25;  rebels 
against  Maximilian,  50;  growth  of 
the  towns,  II,  158;  aids  Edward  III 
of  England,  158;  under  control  of 
France,  180;  ruled  by  John  the 
Fearless,  194 

Flatters,    Colonel    (19th    century),    a 
French    officer   in    Africa:    attempt 
to   survey   an   African   railroad,    19, 
80 

Flavian  Emperors  of  Rome:  see  Ves- 
pasian, Titus,  and  Domitian 

Flavus  (ca.  9  A.  D.),  brother  of  Her- 
mann: becomes  a  Roman,  citizen, 
18,  18 

Fleetwood,  Charles  (d.  1692),  English 
general:  given  command  of  Puritan 


army,  n,  2>7y>  ms  campaigns  in 
Ireland,    12,    126 

Flegel,  Robert  (1855-1886),  African 
explorer:  explorations  of,  19,  90; 
his  mission  in  Africa,  155 

Fleix,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  between 
Henry  III  of  France  and  Protest- 
ants (1580),  9,  161 

Fleming,  Klas  (ca.  1680),  Swedish 
reformer:  aids  reform  in  Sweden, 
16,  212 

Fleming,  Klas  Eriksson  (Claudius 
Flemming)  (d.  1597),  Constable  of 
Sweden:  resists  the  surrender  of 
Kexholm,   16,   168 

Flesselles,  Jacques  de  (1 721-1789), 
French  provost:  attempts  to  quiet 
the  populace,  10,  60;  death  of,  67 

Fletcher,  Benjamin  (17th  century), 
colonial  governor  of  New  York, 
1692-1698:  appointed  governor,  23, 
106 

Fletcher,  Giles  (1549-1611),  English 
civilian  and  poet:  at  the  Russian 
court,  15,  72 

Fleurus,  Belgium:  battles  of  (1690), 
9,  218,  13,  245;  (1794),  9,  290,  10, 
345,  II,  543-  13,  264,  17,  281,  18,  357 

Fleury,  Andre  Hercule  de  (1653- 
1743),  Bishop  of  Frejus:  member  of 
king's  council,  9,  234;  sketch  of,  10, 
25  note;  ministry  of,  16,  226 

Fleury,  fimile  Felix  (1815-1884), 
French  general  and  diplomat:  as- 
sists schemes  of  Napoleon  III,  9, 
442 

Fleury,  Joly  of  (ca.  1783),  French 
politician:  made  minister  of 
finance,  9,   257 

Flint,  Mr.  (ca.  1759),  British  mer- 
chant: pioneer  of  commerce,  6,  109 

Flodden,  England:  battle  of  (1513), 
II,  236,  12,  300 

Floki  Rafn  (ca.  850  A.  D.),  Scandi- 
navian pirate:  visits  Iceland,  16,  44 

Flood,  Henry  (1732-1791),  Irish  ora- 
tor and  politician:  leader  of  the 
Patriot  Party,  12,  177;  loses  the 
confidence  of  the  people,   183 

Flood,  The  Great  (ca.  2000  B.  C),  in 
China:  supposed  to  have  been  the 
flood  of  Noah,  6,  6 


253 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Florence,  Italy:  Ghibellines  defeat  the 
Guelphs  (1260),  4,  212;  history  of, 
in  the  Middle  Ages,  225,  257;  siege 
of,  306;  made  capital  of  Italy,  388 

Florence  (Floris)  V  (1256-1296), 
Count  of  Holland:  claims  Scottish 
throne,  12,  271 

Florence,  Treaty  of  (1801),  concluded 
between    Naples    and    France:    10, 

444 

Flores,  Antonio  (ca.  1600),  Spanish 
explorer:  explorations  of,  22,  143 

Flores,  Antonio  (1833 ),  an  Ecua- 
dorian statesman:  his  administra- 
tion as  president  of  Ecuador,  21, 
244 

Flores,  Juan  Jose  (1800-1864),  Span- 
ish-American general  and  states- 
man: his  first  administration  as 
president  of  Ecuador,  21,  107;  made 
commander-in-chief  of  the  army 
108;  his  second  administration,  109; 
his  third  administration,  109;  at  the 
battle  of  Babahoyo,  11 1;  in  the 
battle  of  Cuaspud,  88,  112;  death  of, 
114 

Flores,  Manuel  (ca.  1780),  Spanish 
administrator:    in    New    Spain,    22, 

215 

Flores,  Venancio  (1800-1868),  Uru- 
guayan general  and  politician:  re- 
bellion of,  21,  131,  142;  becomes 
ruler  of  Uruguay,  144;  assassinated 
146 

Florida,  southeastern  state  of  the 
United  States,  called  the  Peninsular 
State:  discovered,  23,  38;  explored 
by  De  Soto,  42;  settlement  of  St. 
Augustine,  48;  Huguenots  attempt 
to  found  a  colony  in,  20,  82;  Ponce 
de  Leon  founds  colony  in,  21,  16; 
sacked  by  Drake  (1580),  30;  ceded 
to  England  (1763),  11,  505,  20,  104, 
120;  returned  to  Spain  (1783),  11, 
523,  20,  128;  ceded  to  the  United 
States  (1819),  304;  boundary  of,  23, 
364;  annexation  of  West  Florida, 
443;  troubles  in  territory  of  East 
Florida,  444;  purchase  of,  444;  in- 
creases slave  territory,  452;  dele- 
gates withdraw  from  Democratic 
convention  (i860),  24,  679;  secedes, 


689;  Confederates  seize  Forts  Ba- 
rancas  and  McRae,  691;  Confeder- 
ates seize  Pensacola  navy  yard, 
691;  end  of  carpet  bag  rule,  873; 
Presidential  election  of  1876,  910; 
collapse  of  the  "  negro  carpet  bag " 
government,  915 

"Florida,"  Confederate  ship:  built  in 
English  ship  yard,  24,  882 

Florida-Blanca,  Jose  Monino  (1729- 
1808),  Spanish  statesman:  favors 
American  rebellion,  8,  416,  22,  210 

Florizel,  Prince:  see  George  IV,  King 
of  England. 

Florizon,  Peter  (ca.  1650),  a  Dutch 
admiral:  in  the  war  with  Sweden, 
13,  232 

Floras,  Gessius,  procurator  of  Judaea, 
65  A.  D.:  government  of,  1,  410 

"Flour  Battle,  The"  (1590),  Paris 
(1590),  9,  168 

Floyd,  John  Buchanan  (1805-1863), 
American  politician  and  Confeder- 
ate general:  advises  against  re-in- 
forcement  of  Southern  forts,  24, 
696;  resigns  from  Cabinet,  704;  at 
siege  of  Fort  Donelson,  744;  es- 
capes from  Fort  Donelson,  745;  re- 
moved from   command,  745 

Flushing,  Netherlands:  revolts 

against  Spanish  rule,  8,  360;  siege 
of  (1809),  9,  336 

Flying  Squadron,  The,  American 
fleet:  at  Hampton   Roads,  24,   1028 

Fodevig,  Scandinavia:  battle  of 
(1134),  16,  76 

Fogelberg,  Bengt  Erland  (1786-1854), 
Swedish  sculptor:  sketch  of,  16,  264 

Fois,  Gaston  de  (1489-1512),  Duke 
of  Nemours:  successes  in  Italy,  9, 
134;    death,    4,    293 

Foix,  Count  de  (ca.  1200),  French 
soldier:  revolts  against  Louis  IX, 
9,  80 

Foix,  Andre  de  (ca.  1500),  French 
rebel:  attempts  to  restore  Navarre 
to  Henri  d'  Albret,  8,  349 

Foix,  Gaston,  Count  de  (d.  1470), 
French  noble:  death  of,  8,  214 

Foix,  Germaine  de  (1488-1538),  Queen 
of  Aragon:  marries  Ferdinand  V 
of  Spain,  8,   190 


GENERAL    INDEX 


259 


Foix,  Matthieu,  Count  de  (ca.  1400), 
Spanish  noble,  claims  throne  of 
Aragon,  8,  258 

Fokshani,  Rumania:  battle  of  (1789), 
15,    185 

Folger,  Charles  James  (1818-1884), 
American  jurist:  in  Arthur's  cab- 
inet, 24,  936;  candidate  for  gov- 
ernor of  New  York,  945 

Falkland,  land  granted  to  original 
settlers  in  England:  meaning  of 
term,  11,  52 

Folkungar,  influential  family  of 
Sweden:    rise    of,    16,    103;    era    of, 

143 

Fonfrede,  Jean  Baptiste  (1 766-1 793), 
French  Girondist:  death  of,  10,  279 

Fonseca,  Deodora  da  (1827-1892), 
Brazilian  general  and  politician: 
leads  revolution  in  Brazil,  21,  253; 
president  of  provisional  govern- 
ment, 253;   resigns,  254 

Fonseca,  Juan  Rodriquez  de  (1441- 
1524),  Spanish  ecclesiastic:  aids 
plot  against  Columbus,  31,  10; 
against  Cortez,  22,  63;  estimate  of, 
65 

Fontainebleu,  Treaties  of:  concluded 
between  England  and  France 
(1762),  18,  343;  between  Spain  and 
France  (1807),  8,  528,  9,  332;  be- 
tween allied  armies  and  Napoleon, 
(1814),   15,  262,    17,  311 

Fontaine-Frangaise,  France :  battle 
of   (iS9S),   9,    170 

Fontana,  Benedict  (ca.  1500),  Swiss 
leader:  at  the  battle  of  the  Calven, 
13,  419 

Fontarabia,  Spain:  taken  by  the 
French    (1795),  10,  347 

Fontenay,  France:  battle  of  (843  A. 
D.),  9.  50,  18,  92 

Fontenoy,  Belgium:  battle  of  (1745), 
9,  239,  11,  487,  13,  255 

Foochow,  China:  destruction  of 
Chinese   fleet  at,   6,  249 

Foote,  Andrew  Hull  (1806-1863), 
American  admiral:  at  capture  of 
Fort  Henry,  24,  744;  at  siege  of 
Fort  Donelson,  744;  at  capture  of 
Island  Number  Ten,  749 

Foote,   Henry   S.    (1800-1867),   Amer- 


ican politician:  altercation  with 
Senator  Benton,  24,  608;  elected 
governor  of  Mississippi,  611;  cen- 
sured by  Mississippi  legislature, 
611 

Foote,  Samuel  Augustus  (1 780-1846), 
an  American  politician:  his  reso- 
lution affecting  public  land,  23,  489, 
24,    618 

Foraker  Act,  providing  civil  govern- 
ment for  Porto  Rico:  passed  (1900), 
24,  1040 

Forbes,  Duncan  (1685-1747),  Scottish 
judge  and  patriot:  sketch  of,  12, 
370 

Forbes,  John  (1593-1648),  Scottish 
divine;  leader  of  the  Episcopal 
church,  12,  358 

Forbes,  John  (1710-1759),  British 
soldier:  commands  expedition 
against  Fort  Du  Quesne,  23,  190; 
death,   191 

Forbes,  Patrick  (1564-1635),  Scottish 
divine:  leader  of  the  Episcopal 
church,  12,  358 

Forcade,  de  la  Roquette  (1 534-1 573), 
French  jurist  and  legal  writer: 
made    minister    of    the    interior,    9, 

459 
Force,   Henri   Nompar    de    Caumont, 

Due     de     la     (1582-1678),     French 

Protestant    general:    defends    Mon- 

tauban,  9,  181 
Force  Act  of  Rhode   Island:   passed, 

23,  314 
Force    BilL    an    American    tariff   bill: 
passed,    23,    496;    obstructive    pro- 
cedure induced  by,  24,  969;  account 
of,    970;    effect    on    election    (1890), 

975 

Forcheim,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  be- 
tween Germany  and  Moravia  (874 
A.  D.),  17,  33 

Forde,  Francis  (d.  1770),  English 
soldier:  his  campaign  in  southern 
India,  5,   186 

Ford's  Theatre,  Washington:  scene 
of    Lincoln's    assassination,    24,    826 

Fordun,  John  of  (d.  ca.  1384),  a  Scot- 
tish   chronicler:    sketch    of,    12,   290 

Forest,  Friar  (d.  1538),  Welsh  monk: 
death  of,  11,  258 


260 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Forest,  Pierre  de  la  (ca.  1355),  arch- 
bishop of  Rouen:  opens  the  estates 
9,  96 

Forey,  filie  Frederic  (1804-1872),  a 
French  marshal:  assists  schemes 
of  Napoleon  III,  9,  442;  his  cam- 
paign in  Mexico,  9,  453,  22,  387 

Formiguy,  France:  battle  of  (1453) 
9,  118 

Formosa,  an  island  east  of  China: 
Koxinga  establishes  himself  in,  6 
60,  97;  trouble  in,  65,  98;  invaded 
by  Japanese,  7,  192;  massacre  of 
English  in,  6,  143;  ceded  to  Japan 
6,  270,  7,  273;  part  of,  seized  by 
France,   20,   273 

Formosus  (816-896  A.  D.)  Pope,  891- 
896  A.   D.:   crowns  Arnulf,   18,   100 

Fornovo,  Italy:  battle  of  (1495),  4 
290,  9,  131 

Forrest,  Nathan  Bedford  (1 821-1877), 
an  American  officer  in  Confederate 
service:  commands  Confederate 
cavalry,  24,  803;  joins  the  Ku- 
Klux-Klan,   871 

Forster  (ca.  1715),  member  of  Parlia- 
ment for  Northumberland:  supports 
claims  of  the  Old  Pretender,  12, 
362 

Forster,  Pancraz  (ca.  1795),  Abbot  of 
St.  Gall:  opposes  Beda,  13,  506; 
revokes  his  concessions  to  the 
people,  516 

Forster,  William  Edward  (1818-1886) 
an  English  politician:  educational 
reforms  of,  11,  626;  draws  up  Irish 
Land  Act  12,  238  note 

Fort  Barancas,  Florida:  seiged  by 
Confederates,  24,  691 

Fort  Beau  Sejour,  Nova  Scotia:  cap- 
tured by  Monckton,  23,  180 

Fort  Brown,  Texas:  seized  by  Con- 
federates,  24,   691 

Fort  Caswell,  North  Carolina:  seized 
by  Confederates,  24,  691 

Fort  Christina,  Wilmington:  estab- 
lished by  Swedes,  23,  108 

Fort  Conger,  Grinnell  Land:  estab- 
lished, 16,  319 

Fort  Cumberland,  Virginia:  named, 
23,    176 

Fort  Dauphin,  Africa:  sketch  of,  19, 
212 


Fort  Dearborn,  nucleus  of  Chicago: 
destroyed  by  Indians,  23,  420;  see 
also  Chicago 

Fort  Donelson,  Tennessee:  Confed- 
erates hold,  24,  742;  siege  of 
(1862),  744 

Fort  Duquesne,  original  name  of 
Pittsburg,  Penna.:  erected  by 
French,  23,  172;  expeditions  planned 
against,  176;  Braddock's  march  on, 
177;  captured  and  name  changed  to 
Pittsburg  (1755),  23,  191,  11,  500 

Fort  Edward,  New  York:  Americans 
abandon,  23,  253 

Fort  Erie,  Pennsylvania:  given  up  by 
England,  23,  362;  British  repulsed 
at   (1814),  426 

Fort  Fisher,  North  Carolina:  capture 
of  (1865),  24,  808 

Fort  Frontenac,  on  Lake  Ontario: 
captured  by  English  (1758),  23,  190 

Fort  Gaines,  Alabama:  guarding 
Mobile   Bay,  24,  798 

Fort  Gaspereau,  Nova  Scotia:  cap- 
tured by  Monckton   (1755),  23,   180 

Fort  George,  New  York:  taken  by 
the  French  (1757),  20,  118;  cap- 
tured by  the  Americans  (1813),  23, 
425 

Fort  Harrison,  Louisiana:  Taylor  at 
24,   592 

Fort  Henry,  Tennessee:  Confederates 
hold,  24,  742;  Federals  cap- 
ture   (1862),  744 

Fort  Jackson,  Georgia:  seized  by 
Confederates,  24,  691 

Fort  Jackson,  Louisiana:  seized  by 
Confederates,  24,  691;  Farragut 
runs  the  fire  of,  751;  surrenders 
to    Federals    (1862),    752 

Fort  Johnson,  South  Carolina:  opens 
fire  on  Fort  Sumter,  24,  711 

Fort  le  Bceuf,  Pennsylvania:  founded, 
23,  171;  reached  by  Washington, 
171 

Fort  Livingston,  Louisiana:  seized 
by  Confederates,  24,  691 

Fort  McAllister,  Georgia:  surrenders 
to  Sherman  (1864),  24,  805 

Fort  McHenry,  Baltimore:  bom- 
barded   (1814),   23,   427 

Fort  McRae,  Florida:  seized  by  Con- 
federates,   24,    691 


GENERAL    INDEX 


261 


Fort  Macon,  North   Carolina:   seized 

by  Confederates,  24,  691 
Fort   Meigs,    Ohio:   battle   of    (1813), 

23,  425 

Fort  Mims,  on  Alabama  River:  de- 
stroyed, 23,  427 

Fort  Monroe,  Virginia:  occupied  by 
General    Butler,    24,    734 

Fort  Morgan,  Alabama:  seized  by 
Confederates,  24,  691;  guarding 
Mobile   Bay,  798 

Fort  Moultrie,  Charleston:  troops 
sent  to  aid  collector  at,  23,  494; 
Osceola  confined  in,  515;  seized  by 
Confederates,  24,  691;  dismantled, 
703;  South  Carolina  takes  posses- 
sion of  (i860),  24,  704 

Fort  Nassau,  New  Jersey:  built  by 
Kieft,  23,  108 

Fort  Necessity,  Ohio:  erected  by 
Washington,    23,    172 

Fort  Niagara,  New  York:  importance 
of,   23,    182 

Fort  Orange:  see  Albany 

Fort  Pemberton,  Tennessee:  Grant 
turned  at  (1862),  24,  776 

Fort  Pillow,  Tennessee:  Confederates 
evacuate,  24,  750 

Fort  Pinckney,  South  Carolina:  seized 
by  Confederates,  24,  691 

Fort  Pulaski,  Georgia:  seized  by 
Confederates,   24,   691 

Fort    Saint    David:    see    Tegnapatam 

Fort  Saint  George:  see  Madras 

Fort  Saint  Jean  d'Ulloa,  Vera  Cruz: 
siege   of    (1837),   9,   413 

Fort  St.  Philip,  Louisiana:  seized  by 
Confederates,  24,  691;  Farragut 
runs  the  fire  of,  750;  surrenders  to 
Federals   (1862),  752 

Fort  Salisbury,  Africa:  built,  19,  228 

Fort  Smith,  Arkansas:  Confederates 
seize  government  property  at,  24, 
720 

Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota:  Dred  Scott 
taken  to,  24,  658 

Fort  Steadman,  Virginia:  Lee  as- 
saults   (1865),   24,  810 

Fort  Stoddert,  Alabama:  Burr  cap- 
tured at,  23,  404 

Fort  Sumter,  South  Carolina:  seized 
by  Confederates,  24,  691;  cost  of 
building,  696;   Major  Anderson  oc- 


cupies, 703;  women  and  children 
removed  to  New  York,  705;  bom- 
bardment of  (1861),  711;  surren- 
dered, 712;  effect  of  bombardment 
on  the  North,  715;  Lee  offered 
Federal   command    at,   760 

Fort  Venango,  Pennsylvania:  founded 
23,  170 

Fort  Wayne,  Indiana:  Harmar's  de- 
feat at  (i794),  23,  365 

Fort  William,  College  of,  India; 
founded,  5,  202 

Forty-niners,  the  settlers  in  Cal- 
ifornia, 24,  597 

Forty-times-Forty  Churches,  The  City 
of:  see  Moscow 

Forum  Julii  (Frejus),  Rome:  founded, 

3,  392 

Foster,  John  (1740-1828),  Irish  states- 
man:  opposes   Union,   12,  215 

Foster,  Murphy  J.  (1849 )»  Louis- 
iana governor,  United  States  Sen- 
ator, 24,  974 

Fotherby  (17th  century),  an  Arctic 
explorer:  explorations  of,  16,  304 

Fouche,  Joseph,  Due  d'Otranto  (1763- 
1820),  French  revolutionist  and 
minister  of  police:  becomes  min- 
ister of  police  in  Napoleon's  coun- 
cil, 9,  361,  365,  20,  436;  member 
of  provisional  government,  9,  365; 
aids    return    of    Napoleon,    10,    500 

Fould,  Achille  (1800-1867),  French 
financier  and  statesman:  becomes 
minister  of  finance,  9,  452 

Foulon,  French  Intendant,  1789: 
made  member  of  council,  9,  263, 
10,   56;   death  of,  73 

Founder  of  Cities,  The:  see  Henry 
(I)  the  Fowler,  Holy  Roman  Em- 
peror 

Fouque,  General  (ca.  1760),  Prussian 
soldier  in  the  Seven  Years'  War, 
18,  340 

Fouquet,  Nicolas  (1615-1680),  French 
official  and  financier:  arrest  and  im- 
prisonment of,  9,   207 

Fouquier-Tinville,  Antoine  Quentin 
(1747-1795),  French  revolutionist: 
his  accusation  decreed,  10,  322; 
death  of,  9,  292 

"Four  Hundred:"  conspiracy  of,  at 
Athens,  2,  358;  fall  of,  361 


262 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Fournier,  Captain,  French  officer  in 
China:  negotiates  in  matter  of 
Tongking,  6,  248 

Fowler,  The:  see  Henry  (I)  the 
Fowler,    Holy   Roman   Emperor 

Fox,  Charles  James  (1749-1806),  Eng- 
lish statesman  and  orator,  called 
the  Man  of  the  People  introduces 
a  new  India  bill,  5,  194;  makes 
overtures    of    peace    to    Napoleon, 

10,  467;  supports  reform  measures, 

11,  520;  member  of  cabinet,  522; 
resigns  office,  523;  becomes  Secre- 
tary of  State  (1783),  525;  favors 
the  French  Revolution,  540;  For- 
eign Secretary  in  All  the  Talents 
Ministry,  558;  death  of,  558;  quoted 
on  the  battle  of  Guilford  Court 
House,  23,  282 

Fox,  George  (1624-1691),  founder  of 
Society  of  Friends:  denounces 
slavery,   20,    130 

Fox,  Henry  (d.  1774),  English  states- 
man: becomes  leader  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  11,  494;  resigns  office, 

497 

Fox,  Luke  (1586-1635)  English  nav- 
igator: explorations  of,  16,  305 

Fox,  The  Old:  see  Soult,  Nicholas 
Jean  de  Dieu 

Fox  Indians,  North  American  tribe: 
belong  to  Algonquian  stock,  23,  8; 
in   Black  Hawk  war,  506 

Fox  State,  The:  see  Maine 

"  Fox's  Martyrs,"  supporters  of 
Charles  Fox  in  Parliament,  1784, 
ix,   529 

Fraenkel,  Dr.,  Swedish  explorer  in 
Arctic  regions:  attempts  to  find  the 
North  Pole,  16,  327 

Fraga,  Spain:  siege  of  (1134),  8,  234 

France:  invaded  by  the  Saracens,  1, 
335;  condition  of  the  Jews,  419,  422; 
in  relation  to  modern  Greece,  2, 
548;  in  relation  to  the  Eastern 
Question,  14,  7;  foreign  conquests 
of,  143;  intervention  of,  in  Turkey, 
307,  347,  423;  Turkey  seeks  alliance 
with,  332;  at  war  with  Turkey,  380; 
friendly  policy  toward  Turkey  re- 
vived, 385;  rivalry  with  Russia,  392, 
444,  445;  in  Peace  of  Tilsit,  404;  in 
agreement  of  the  Dardanelles,  437; 


in  Africa,  19,  71;  present  African 
possessions  of,  261;  rivalry  with 
Great  Britain,  23,  157;  commercial 
treaty  with  United  States,  347; 
American  sympathy  for,  357;  re- 
sents attitude  of  United  States, 
372;  interferes  for  Spain  in  South 
America,  446;  settlement  of  spoli- 
ation claims,  507;  occupies  Mexico, 
34»  875;  appoints  Behring  Sea  arbi- 
trator, 980;  in  general  arbitration 
treaty,  1055;  arbitration  treaty  with 
United   States,   1076 

France,  History  of:  independent  Gaul 
and  Roman  Gaul,  9,  3;  the  Ger- 
manic invasions  and  the  Mero- 
vingian kingdoms,  15;  the  empire  of 
Charlemagne,  40;  feudal  France, 
63;  reaction  against  feudalism: 
Philip  Augustus  and  Philip  the 
Fair,  75;  the  Hundred  Years'  War, 
92;  Joan  of  Arc  and  the  liberation 
of  France,  114;  territorial  unity  and 
wars  in  Italy,  121;  the  Reformation 
and  the  Huguenot  wars,  145;  Henry 
IV  and  the  reorganization  of 
France,  166;  Richelieu  and  the 
Thirty  Years'  War,  183;  Louis  XIV 
and  the  supremacy  of  France  in 
Europe,  199;  Louis  XIV  and  the 
decline  of  the  French  power  in 
Europe,  216;  the  struggle  against 
arbitrary  power  under  Louis  XV, 
227;  the  constitutional  monarchy, 
253;  the  fall  of  the  monarchy, 
272;  the  first  republic,  278;  the  di- 
rectory and  the  rise  of  Napoleon 
Bonaparte,  297;  the  consulate,  315; 
the  empire  of  Napoleon  I,  324;  fall 
of  the  empire,  340;  the  restoration 
of  the  Bourbons,  355;  the  reaction 
under  Charles  X  and  the  revolution 
of  1830,  374;  the  monarchy  of  the 
property  class,  394;  Guizot's  min- 
istry and  the  revolution  of  1848, 
415;  the  second  republic,  435;  the 
empire  of  Napoleon  III,  445;  the 
third    republic,   467 

France,  The  Apostle  of:  see  Denis, 
Saint 

France,  The  Cromwell  of:  see  Robes- 
pierre, Frangois  Maximilien  Joseph 
Isidore 


GENERAL    INDEX 


263 


France,  The  Demosthenes  of:  see 
Mirabeau,  Gabriel  Honore  Riquetti, 
Count 

France,  The  Fabius  of:  see  Mont- 
morency, Anne 

France,  The  Maecenas  of:  see  Francis 
I,   King  of  France 

Francesco:  see  Francis 

Francesco  della  Rovere:  see  Sixtus  IV 

Franceville,    Africa:    founded,    19,    72 

Francia,  Jose  Gaspar  Rodriguez  de 
(1761-1840),  a  dictator  of  Paraguay: 
holds  Artigas  as  a  prisoner,  31, 
119;  made  Secretary  of  State  of 
Paraguay,  147;  sketch  of,  148;  made 
dictator,  148;  death  of,  153;  esti- 
mate of,  154 

Francis  (I)  Stephen  (1708- 1765), 
Holy  Roman  Emperor,  1745-1765: 
marries  Maria  Theresa,  17,  239,  18, 
324;  given  command  of  the  imperial 
army,  17,  235;  made  co-regent  with 
Maria  Theresa  of  Austria,  13,  254; 
chosen  emperor,   17,  242,   18,  331 

Francis  II,  Holy  Roman  Emperor: 
see  Francis  I,   Emperor  of  Austria 

Francis  I  (II,  Holy  Roman  Emperor) 
(1768-1835),  Emperor  of  Austria, 
1806-1835:  accession  of,  10,  167,  18, 
355;  reign  of,  13,  263,  17,  279;  as 
King  of  Hungary,  17,  332;  his  rela- 
tions with  Napoleon,  17,  290,  18, 
359,  368;  abdicates  imperial  title,  9, 
327;  character  of,  17,  319;  death  of, 

345 
Francis  I  (1494-1547),  King  of 
France,  1515-1547,  called  the 
Maecenas  of  France  and  the 
Father  of  Letters:  marries  Claude, 
9,  133;  invades  Italy,  4,  293;  at 
war  with  the  Swiss,  13,  422;  seizes 
Lombardy,  18,  240;  claims  the  im- 
perial crown,  13,  55;  opposes  elec- 
tion of  Charles  V  to  the  imperial 
throne,  8,  343,  18,  231,  239;  struggle 
with  Charles  V,  4,  301,  11,  240,  18, 
245;  taken  prisoner  by  Charles  V, 
8,  350,  n,  241;  makes  alliance  with 
England,  11,  242;  concludes  treaty 
with  Charles  V,  4,  295,  18,  251;  con- 
temporary of  Suleiman  the  Great, 
14,  145,  159;  urges  the  Sultan 
against    Hungary,     151;    aids    John 


I  of  Hungary,  17,  216;  concludes 
alliance  with  the  Swiss  Protestants, 
13,  444;  Gustavus  Vasa  forms  an 
alliance  with,  16,  160;  interested  in 
discoveries  in  America,  20,  81; 
death  of,  9,   136 

Francis  II  (1544-1560),  King  of 
France,  1559-1560:  marries  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots,  II,  265,  12,  307; 
reign  of,  9,    149 

Francis  I,  King  of  the  Two  Sicilies: 
see   Francisco  I 

Francis  II,  King  of  the  Two  Sicilies: 
see   Francisco   II 

Francis  II,  Duke  of  Brittany,  ca. 
1460:  rebels  against  Louis  XI, 
9,  121,  124;  at  war  with  Anne  of 
Beaujeu,  127 

Francis  de  Borgia,  St.  (ca.  1510-1572), 
Duke  of  Gandia:  consoles  Emperor 
Charles  V,  8,  352 

Francis  of  Bourbon  (16th  century), 
Duke  of  Enghien:  wins  battle  of 
Cerisoles,  9,   144 

Francis,  Duke  of  Lorraine:  see  Fran- 
cis I,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

Francis  (1541-1587),  Grand  Duke  of 
Tuscany:  accession  of,  4,   332 

Francis  (d.  1758),  Prince  of  Bruns- 
wick: death  of,   18,  339 

Francis,   David   Rowland    (1850 ), 

an  American  merchant  and  poli- 
tician: secretary  of  the  interior,  24, 
993  note 

Francis,  Sir  Philip  (1740-1818),  the 
reputed  author  of  "Junius's  Let- 
ters": his  opposition  to  Hastings,  5, 
189,   190 

Francis  of  Assisi,  Saint  (Giovanni 
Francisco  Bernardone)  (1 182-1226), 
Italian  monk  and  preacher:  life  of, 
11,  132 

Francis  Charles  (early  19th  century), 
Archduke  of  Austria:  made  mem- 
ber of  council  of  regency,  17,  345 

Francis  Ferdinand  (living),  Archduke 
of  Austria:  becomes  heir  apparent 
to  Austrian  throne,  17,  456 

Francis  Joseph  I  (1830 ),  Em- 
peror of  Austria  1848:  accession  of, 
17,  37i,  377,  18,  402;  early  years  of 
his  reign,  17,  378;  dominated  by 
Nicholas     I     of     Russia,     14,     444; 


264 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


crowned  King  of  Hungary,  17,  397; 
marries  Elizabeth  of  Bavaria,  383; 
sketch  of,  455 

Francis  Xavier,  Saint,  a  Jesuit  mis- 
sionary called  the  Apostle  of  the 
Indies:  born  at  the  castle  of  Xavier, 
in  the  kingdom  of  Navarre,  Spain, 
April  7,  1506;  was  educated  at  Col- 
lege Saint-Barbe,  Paris;  taught 
philosophy  in  the  College  of  Beau- 
vais  and  was  given  the  degree  of 
doctor  in  philosophy  from  the 
Sorbonne,  1530;  joined  Loyola  in 
organizing  the  Jesuits,  1534;  labored 
in  Italian  prisons  and  hospitals, 
1537-1541;  toiled  in  India,  Ceylon, 
Japan,  and  Malacca,  1541-1552,  bap- 
tizing, it  is  claimed,  more  than 
1,000,000  persons  and  establishing 
Christianity  in  fifty-two  kingdoms; 
died  on  the  island  of  Hiang-Shan, 
near  Macao,  China,  December  2, 
1552;  was  canonized  in  1622 

Inaugurates  missionary  efforts  in 
the  East,  5,  151;  in  China,  6,  33; 
preaches  in  Japan,  7,  104;  goes  to 
India,  8,  435,  20,  48 

Franciscans,  an  order  of  mendicant 
friars  founded  by  St.  Francis  of 
Assisi,  authorized  by  the  Pope  1210: 
organization  of,  IX,  132;  advent  in 
England,  133;  work  of,  in  Texas, 
22,  187 

Francisco  I,  King  of  the  Two  Sicilies, 
1825-1830:  reign  of,  4,  352 

Francisco  II,  King  of  the  Two  Sici- 
lies, 1859-1861:  reign  of,  4,  377,  380, 
382 

Francisco  d'  Assisi  (ca.  1850),  Nea- 
politan prince:  marries  Isabella  II 
of  Spain,  8,  501 

Francisco  de  Xavier:  see  Francis 
Xavier 

Francke,  August  Hermann  (1663- 
1727),  German  preacher  and  philan- 
thropist:  sketch  of,   18,   308 

Franco,  Guillermo  (ca.  1850),  South 
American  patriot:  in  the  war  be- 
tween Ecuador  and  Peru,  21,  no; 
made  head  of  the  government  in 
Ecuador,  in 

Franco-Brazilian  Boundary  Dispute 
(1899),  ai,  262 


Franco-Dutch  Guiana  Boundary  Dis- 
pute (1891),  21,  262 

Franco-German  Convention,  settling 
boundary  lines  in  Africa  (1894),  19> 

■    166,  177 

Frangois:  see  also  Francis 

Frangois,  Duke  of  Anjou:  see  Alen- 
gon,  Frangois,  Duke  of 

Frangois  Phoebus  (d.  1482),  King  of 
Navarre:  reign  of,  8,  215 

Franco-Portuguese  Agreement,  over 
boundaries  in  Africa  (1886),  19,  173 

Franco-Prussian  War,  a  war  between 
Germany  and  France  (1870-1871): 
causes,  18,  416,  419;  battles  of  Saar- 
briick,  420;  Weissenburg,  Courcelles, 
Mars-la-Tour,  421;  Metz,  422;  Se- 
dan, 423;  siege  of  Strasburg,  424; 
of  Paris,  425;  battles  of  Orleans 
and  Le  Mans,  425;  peace  treaty, 
426;  results  to  France,  426;  to  Ger- 
many, 17,  408,  18,  427;  on  Poland, 
15,  387;  Russia  during,  14,  473; 
England's  protection  of  Belgium 
during,  13,  309 

Franco-Spanish  Agreement,  over 
boundaries  in  Africa  (1901):  19, 
168 

Frangipani,  The,  a  noble  Roman  fam- 
ily which  came  into  prominence 
early  in  the  nth  century:  given  the 
defense  of  Dalmatia,  17,  54;  treach- 
ery of,  18,  170 

Frankfort,  Diet  of,  composed  of  rep- 
resentatives from  all  the  German 
states    (1848),   18,  399 

Frankfort,  Treaty  of,  concluded  be- 
tween Germany  and  France  (1871), 
9,  469,  18,  426 

Frankfort  -  on  -  the  -  Main,  Prussia: 
founded,  18,  86;  Jews  driven  from, 

i,  423 

Frankfort-on-the-Oder,  Prussia:  taken 
(1631),  18,  279 

Frankfurt,  Council  of,  an  ecclesias- 
tical council  called  by  Charlemagne 
(794  A.  D.),  9.  43 

Franklin,  Tennessee:  Schofield's  army 
entrenched  at,  24,  803 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  an  American 
philosopher  and  statesman:  born  at 
Boston,  Mass.,  January  17,  1706; 
was     apprenticed     to     his     brother 


GENERAL    INDEX 


265 


James  to  learn  printing  but  broke 
his  indentures  and  ran  away,  1723, 
first  to  New  York,  then  to  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  secured  work  as 
a  journeyman  printer;  was  in  Eng- 
land, 1725-1726,  on  business  for  the 
governor  of  Pennsylvania;  became 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  "  Penn- 
sylvania Gazette "  at  Philadelphia, 
1729;  established  the  Philadelphia 
Library,  1731;  published  "Poor 
Richard's  Almanac,"  1732;  became 
clerk  of  the  Pennsylvania  assembly, 
1736;  appointed  postmaster  of  Phil- 
adelphia, 1737;  founded  the  Ameri- 
can Philosophical  Society  and  the 
Academy  of  Pennsylvania  (after- 
wards the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania), 1743;  discovered  electricity, 
17535  became  deputy  postmaster- 
general  for  the  British  colonies  in 
America,  1753-1774;  proposed  the 
"Albany  Plan,"  1754;  was  colonial 
agent  for  Pennsylvania  in  England, 
1757-1762  and  1764-1775;  was 
elected  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
!775;  was  chosen  as  a  member  of 
the  committee  to  draw  up  a  decla- 
ration of  independence,  1776;  acted 
as  ambassador  to  the  court  of 
France  at  Paris,  1776,  and  ar- 
ranged for  a  treaty  with  France, 
February  6,  1778;  corresponded  with 
Lord  Shelburne,  1782,  to  negotiate 
peace  with  England,  and  concluded 
the  Treaty  of  Paris  together  with 
Jay  and  Adams  on  September  3, 
1783;  returned  to  America,  1785, 
and  was  president  of  the  Coun- 
cil of  Pennsylvania,  1785-1788;  was 
chosen  delegate  to  the  constitutional 
convention,  1787;  wrote  his  auto- 
biography; died  at  Philadelphia, 
April  17,  1790 

Agent  for  colonies,  9,  254,  23, 
122;  believes  in  the  single  legisla- 
tive house,  10,  88  note;  honors 
Cook,  20,  124  note;  aids  in  found- 
ing University  of  Pennsylvania,  23, 
141;  early  American  author,  142; 
deputy  postmaster-general  of  the 
colonies,  153;  removed  from  office, 
J53',    appointed    postmaster-general 


by  Congress,  153;  proposes  Plan 
of  Union,  174;  in  Braddock's  expe- 
dition, 177;  interview  with  Gren- 
ville,  208;  summoned  before  the  bar 
of  the  House  of  Commons,  213; 
delegate  to  second  Continental 
Congress,  229;  opposed  to  independ- 
ence of  colonies,  237;  member  of 
committee  to  draft  a  declaration  of 
independence,  240;  member  of  Se- 
cret Committee  of  Correspondence, 
265;  commissioned  as  minister  to 
France,  265;  signs  Treaty  of  Ver- 
sailles, 267;  opens  negotiations  for 
peace  with  England,  286;  in  Con- 
stitutional Convention,  323;  sug- 
gests an  opening  prayer  in  Consti- 
tutional Convention,  326;  religious 
belief  of,  384;  signs  abolition  peti- 
tion, 24,  572 
Franklin,  Sir  John,  a  noted  English 
explorer:  born  at  Spilsby  in  Lin- 
colnshire, April  16,  1786;  entered 
the  royal  navy;  took  part  in  the 
battle  of  Trafalgar,  1805;  and  in 
the  attack  on  New  Orleans,  Jan- 
uary, 1815;  became  commander  of 
the  "  Trent "  in  the  Arctic  expedi- 
tion under  Captain  Buchan,  1818; 
led  an  overland  exploring  expedi- 
tion sent  to  follow  the  coast  line 
of  North  America,  1819-1822;  raised 
to  rank  of  captain  and  went  out 
with  another  exploring  party  to 
trace  the  coast  of  North  America, 
1825-1827;  knighted,  1829;  was  lieu- 
tenant-governor of  Van  Diemen's 
Land,  1836-1843;  commanded  an  ex- 
pedition to  find  a  Northwest  pas- 
sage, which  sailed,  May,  1845,  but 
never  returned;  from  a  document 
left  by  the  survivors  of  the  explor- 
ing party  in  a  cairn  on  the  shore  of 
King  William's  Land,  it  is  now 
known  that  Franklin  died,  June  1 1, 

1847 

Explorations,     16,    306,    307,    309 

Franklin,  William  Temple  (1729- 
1813),  American  politician:  prom- 
inent Tory  of  Philadelphia,  23,  294 

Frankopan,  Francis  (d.  1671),  Hun- 
garian conspirator:  leads  conspir- 
acy, 17,  229 


266 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Franks,  Confederation  of  German 
tribes  (3rd  century  A.  D.):  origin, 
18,  27;  capture  of  Syracuse,  30;  de- 
feat Romans  at  Soissons,  46;  con- 
quests of,  4,  107;  invade  Gaul,  162; 
invade  Spain,  8,  26;  sketch  of,  9, 
15;  invade  the  Netherlands,  13,  10; 
struggle  of,  with  the  Saxons,  11 

Franscini,  Stefano  (1796-1857),  Swiss 
statesman:  draws  up  a  new  govern- 
ment for  the  Vaud,  13,  532 

Franstadt,  Russia:  battle  of  (1706), 
16,  217 

Franz  Josef  Land,  an  archipelago  in 
the  Arctic  Ocean:  discovered,  16, 
3i8 

Franz  of  Taxis  (ca.  1500),.  German 
official:  sketch  of,  18,  231 

Fraser  (ca.  1800),  British  general:  his 
campaign  in  Egypt,  1,  37 

Fraser,  Simon,  Lord  Lovat  (1667- 
1747),  Scottish  nobleman:  death  of, 

12,  369 

Frasnes,    Belgium:    battle    of    (1815), 

13,  287 

Frastenz,  Austria-Hungary:  battle  of 

(1499),  13,  418 
Fraubrunnen,    Switzerland:    battle    of 

(i375),  13,  379 

Frazer,  Simon  (ca.  1800),  British  ex- 
plorer: explorations  of,  20,  129 

Frazier's  Farm,  Virginia:  battle  near 
(1862),  24,  761 

Fredegar  (Fredegarius)  (ca.  600  A. 
D.),  French  chronicler:  his  estimate 
of  Clotar  II,  18,  64 

Fredegonda  (Fredegunda)  (d.  597  A. 
D.),  Frankish  queen:  marries  Chil- 
peric,  9,  27,  18,  62 

Frederic  (d.  1504),  King  of  Naples, 
1496-1504:  reign  of,  8,  269,  9,  133 

Fredericia,  Denmark:  battle  of  (1849), 
16,  271 

Frederick  (I)  Barbarossa  (1121-1190), 
King  of  the  Germans  and  Holy  Ro- 
man Emperor,  1152-1190:  accession 
to  throne  of  Germany,  4,  190;  joins 
crusaders,  9,  75,  17,  55,  18,  145;  his 
relations  with  Denmark,  16,  80,  83; 
reign  of,  4,  191,  18,  147;  his  rela- 
tions with  Bohemia,  17,  66;  sets  up 
Calixtus  III  (anti-Pope)  in  opposi- 
tion to  Alexander  III,  11,  102 


Frederick  II  (1 194-1250),  Holy  Ro- 
man Emperor,  1214-1250:  claims  the 
throne  of  Germany,  18,  159;  reign 
of,  4,  201,  9,  84,  18,  160;  seeks  an 
alliance  with  Denmark,  16,  85;  his 
relations  with  Bohemia,  17,  69;  his 
relations  with  Leopold  VI  of  Aus- 
tria, 93;  condition  of  Switzerland 
under,  13,  358;  death  of,  18,  167 

Frederick  (III)  the  Handsome  (1286- 
1330),  King  of  the  Germans  and 
Duke  of  Austria:  claims  imperial 
throne,  13,  364,  17,  101;  18,  187; 
death  of,  220 

Frederick  III  (1415-1493),  (IV  as 
King  of  the  Germans),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1440-1493:  reign  of,  as 
Duke  of  Austria,  17,  107;  reign  of, 
as  emperor,  18,  212;  requests  aid 
from  Charles  VII  of  France,  9,  118; 
claims  throne  of  Hungary,  17,  162; 
quarrels  with  Charles  the  Bold,  13, 
406;  at  war  with  Mathias  of  Hun- 
gary, 17,  164;  condition  of  Switzer- 
land  under,    13,  417;    death   of,    17, 

174 

Frederick  I  (1471-1533),  King  of  Den- 
mark and  Norway,  1522-1533:  made 
Duke  of  Slesvig-Holstein,  16,  137; 
Christian  discovers  plot  in  favor  of, 
191;  reign  of,  192;  grants  freedom 
of  conscience  to  Denmark,  9,  142; 
death  of,  16,  194 

Frederick  II  (1534-1588),  King  of 
Denmark  and  Norway,  1559-1588: 
in  the  Seven  Years'  War,  16,  162; 
reign  of,  196 

Frederick  III  (1609-1670),  King  of 
Denmark  and  Norway,  1648-1670: 
joins  alliance  against  Sweden,  16, 
207;  reign  of,  230,  243 

Frederick  IV  (1671-1730),  King  of 
Denmark,  1699-1730:  sends  an  am- 
bassador to  Russia,  15,  56;  aids 
Hans  Egede,  16,  48;  in  the  Great 
Northern  War,  214,  221;  reign  of, 
236;  his  relations  with  Slesvig-Hol- 
stein, 267;  death  of,  238 

Frederick  V  (1 723-1 766),  King  of 
Denmark  and  Norway,  1746-1766: 
reign  of,  16,  239 

Frederick  VI  (1768-1839),  King  of 
Denmark    and    Norway,    1808-1839: 


GENERAL    INDEX 


267 


joint  ruler  with  his  father,  16,  243; 
reign  of,  257;  establishes  consulta- 
tive chambers,  263;  death  of,  264 

Frederick  VII  (1808-1863),  King  of 
Denmark,  1848-1863:  Oscar's  rela- 
tions with,  16,  264;'  in  the  Slesvig- 
Holstein  controversy,  269;  death  of, 
16,  273,  18,  408 

Frederick  VIII    (1844 ),   King  of 

Denmark,    1906 :    accession    of, 

16,  291 

Frederick  I  (1657-1713),  King  of 
Prussia,  1688-1713:  accession  of, 
18,  311;  his  campaign  against  the 
French  (1689),  9,  217;  elected  king 
of  Neuchatel,  13,  479;  meets  Peter 
the  Great,  15,  57;  death  of,  18,  319; 
estimate  of,  320 

Frederick  (II)  the  Great,  King  of 
Prussia:  born  at  Berlin,  January  24, 
1712;  educated  with  great  rigor  in 
accordance  with  his  father's  ideas; 
attempted  to  run  away,  1730,  was 
sentenced  to  death,  but  was  after- 
wards pardoned  on  the  petitions 
from  several  of  the  crown  heads  of 
Europe;  married  by  compulsion 
Elizabeth  Christina  of  Brunswick; 
succeeded  his  father,  June  1,  1740; 
took  part  in  the  War  of  the  Aus- 
trian Succession,  1740-1748,  by 
which  he  gained  Silesia;  fought  the 
Seven  Years'  War,  1756-1763,  with 
the  coalition  whose  chief  members 
were  Austria,  Russia,  and  France 
and  as  a  result  of  this  war  raised 
Prussia  to  the  front  rank  of  Euro- 
pean powers;  shared  in  the  par- 
tition of  Poland,  1772;  took  part  in 
the  War  of  the  Bavarian  Succession, 
1778-1779;  throughout  his  reign  he 
encouraged  commerce,  manufac- 
tures, and  the  fine  arts;  died  at 
Sans    Souci   near    Potsdam,    August 

17,  1786;  his  works  were  published 
in  30  volumes,  1846-1857 

Reign  of,  18,  326;  claims  Silesia, 
9,  236,  13,  254,  17,  240;  concludes 
treaty  with  Russia,  14,  320,  15,  129; 
his  intrigues  at  the  Russian  court, 
15,  138,  140,  146;  attempts  to  secure 
Indian    trade    for    Prussia,    5,    174; 


defines   the  privileges   of  the  Jews, 

I,  423;  in  the  Seven  Years'  War,  9, 
244;  forms  alliance  with  England, 
23,  188;  quoted  on  William  Pitt, 
188;  praises  Washington's  military 
genius,  250;  effects  treaty  with  Tur- 
key, 14,  319;  his  relations  with 
Sweden,  16,  228;  favored  by  Peter 
III  of  Russia,  15,  152;  ridicules 
Russian  generalship,  14,  324;  offers 
mediation,  332;  in  the  first  partition 
of  Poland,  15,  173,  384,  17,  246;  re- 
fuses to  conclude  alliance  with  the 
United  States,  23,  268;  growth  of 
Prussia  under,  10,  133;  death  of,  15, 
189 

Frederick  III  (1831-1888),  King  of 
Prussia  and  Emperor  of  Germany, 
1888:  campaigns  of,  18,  410,  420; 
reign  of,  448 

Frederick  II  (ca.  1340-1377),  King  of 
Sicily,  1355-1377:  at  war  with  James 
of  Aragon,  4,  258,  8,  248;  struggles 
of,   18,  186;  death  of,  8,  256 

Frederick  I  (1676-1751),  King  of 
Sweden,  1720-1751:  reign  of,  16, 
225;    continues   the  Northern   War, 

15,  67 

Frederick  I  (1372-1440),  Elector  of 
Brandenburg  (1415-1440),  originally 
Frederick  VI,  Burgrave  of  Nurem- 
berg: secures  Brandenburg,  18,  206; 
his  campaign  against  the  Hussites, 
209 

Frederick  III,  Elector  of  Branden- 
burg: see  Frederick  I,  King  of 
Prussia 

Frederick  V  (1596-1632),  Elector  Pal- 
atine, 1610-1620,  called  the  winter 
king:    Charles    IX's    relations   with, 

16,  172;    marries    Elizabeth    Stuart, 

II,  311;  chosen  King  of  Bohemia, 
9,  189,  13,  203,  17,  204,  18,  270;  de- 
posed from  the  Palatinate,   18,  272 

Frederick  (early  17th  century),  Elec- 
tor of  Saxony:  concludes  a  peace 
with  the  emperor,  17,  211 

Frederick  (III)  the  Wise  (ca.  1463- 
1525),  Elector  of  Saxony,  1468-1525: 
at  the  Diet  of  Worms,  18,  226; 
founds  the  University  of  Witten- 
berg,   234;    befriends    Luther,    237, 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


240,  241;  declines  election  as  em- 
peror, 239;  sends  a  preacher  to  Den- 
mark, 16,  190 

Frederick  I,  Duke  of  Austria,  1194- 
1198:  reign  of,  17,  92 

Frederick  the  Warlike  (1211-1246), 
Duke  of  Austria:  takes  advantage  of 
the  misfortunes  of  the  King  of 
Hungary,  17,  58;  reign  of,  93;  de- 
posed, 18,  164;  death  of,  17,  59 

Frederick  of  the  Empty  Purse  (1382- 
1439),  Duke  of  Austria:  reign  of, 
17,  106;  aids  Swiss  rebellion,  13, 
390;  forfeits  his  duchy,  18,  204;  aids 
John  XXIII  in  his  schism,  13,  396; 
death  of,  398 

Frederick  V,  Duke  of  Austria:  see 
Frederick  IV,  Holy  Roman  Em- 
peror 

Frederick  (early  17th  century),  Duke 
of  Holstein:  offers  shelter  to  Re- 
monstrants, 13,  201 

Frederick  IV  (Charles  Frederick)  (d. 
1702),  Duke  of  Holstein-Gottorp: 
minority  of,  16,  236;  his  relations 
with  Russia,  15,  80;  his  war  with 
Denmark,  16,  236;  death  of,  15,  80 

Frederick  III  (1 597-1659),  Duke  of 
Slesvig-Holstein:  in  the  Thirty 
Years'  War,  16,  201;  Denmark  pays 
indemnity  to,  208;  his  sovereignty 
recognized,  267 

Frederick  VIII,  Duke  of  Slesvig-Hol- 
stein, 1863:  assumes  his  title,  16, 
274 

Frederick  (I)  of  Hohenstaufen  (d. 
1105),  Duke  of  Suabia:  made  duke, 
I3»  347;  death  of,  18,  137 

Frederick  (II)  of  Hohenstaufen  (1090- 
1147),  Duke  of  Suabia:  his  relations 
with  Henry  V  of  Germany,  18,  141; 
his  war  with  Lothar  II  of  Germany, 

143 
Frederick  (late  18th  century),  Prince 

of  Denmark:  plots  against   Struen- 

see,  16,  242 
Frederick  (early  19th  century),  Prince 

of   the    Netherlands:    his    campaign 

against    Napoleon,    13,   287;    in   the 

Belgian  Revolution,  296 
Frederick  (early  19th  century),  Prince 

of    Noer:    in    the    Slesvig-Holstein 

controversy,  16,  268 


Frederick  (late  18th  century),  Prince 
of  Saxe-Coburg:  his  campaigns  in 
the  Franco-Austrian  War,  13,  263 

Frederick  ( 1707-175 1),  Prince  of 
Wales:  quarrels  with  George  II,  11, 
480;  sketch  of,  489 

Frederick  (late  13th  century),  Count 
of  Hohenzollern  and  Burgrave  of 
Nuremberg:  enters  into  an  alliance 
with  Rudolph  of  Hapsburg,  17,  75, 

18,  179 

Frederick  VI,  Count  of  Hohenzollern, 
Burgrave  of  Nuremberg:  see  Fred- 
erick I,  Elector  of  Brandenburg 

Frederick  (1256-1324),  Count  of 
Thuringia:  his  quarrel  with  his 
father,  18,  183;  defeats  Albert  I  of 
Germany,  184 

Frederick  VII,  Count  of  Toggenburg, 
1400-1436:  sketch  of,  13,  397 

Frederick  of  Baden  (1249-1268), 
friend  of  Conradin,  Duke  of  Suabia: 
sketch  of,  18,  169 

Frederic  of  Toledo  (late  16th  cen- 
tury), son  of  the  Duke  of  Alva:  his 
campaign  in  the  Netherlands,  13, 
113 

Frederick  Augustus  I,  Elector  of  Sax- 
ony: see  Augustus  II,  King  of  Po- 
land 

Frederick  Augustus  II,  Elector  of 
Saxony:  see  Augustus  III,  King  of 
Poland 

Frederick  Charles  (1828-1885),  Prince 
of  Prussia:  his  campaigns  against 
the  Danes,  18,  408;  his  campaigns 
against  the  Austrians,  410;  in  the 
Franco-Prussian  War,  9,  463,  18, 
420,  422,  425 

Frederick  City,  Maryland:  occupied 
by  Lee  (1862),  24,  764 

Frederick  Henry  of  Nassau  (1584- 
1647),  Prince  of  Orange:  at  battle 
of  Nieuport,  13,  174;  his  mission  to 
England,  178;  his  campaigns  in  the 
Thirty  Years'  War,  204;  becomes 
Prince  of  Orange,  208;  career  of, 
208;  death  of,  217 

Frederick  William  (1620-1688),  the 
Great  Elector  of  Brandenburg,  1640- 
1688:  policy  of,  18,  299;  befriends 
Jews,  1,  423;  fosters  African  trade, 

19,  31 


GENERAL    INDEX 


269 


Frederick  William  I  (1688-1740),  King 
of  Prussia,  1713-1740:  reign  of,  18, 
319;  power  of,  10,  133;  acquires 
Stettin,  15,  64;  invests  Stralsund, 
16,  222;  at  war  with  Napoleon,  9, 
328;  his  estimate  of  Peter  the  Great, 
15,  68 

Frederick  William  II  (1744-1797), 
King  of  Prussia,  1786-1797,  called 
the  Philosopher  of  Sans  Souci  and 
Father  Fritz:  reign  of,  18,  354; 
visits  Catherine,  15,  1745  joins  in 
the  Declaration  of  Pilnitz,  17,  276; 
in  the  second  Polish  partition,  15, 
189;   Poles  secure  an  alliance  with, 

385 

Frederick  William  III  (1770-1840), 
King  of  Prussia,  1797-1840:  reign  of, 
18,  363,  366;  makes  war  against 
France,  14,  396,  15,  213,  261;  makes 
an  alliance  with  Alexander  I  of 
Russia,  18,  373;  signs  Peace  of  Til- 
sit, 8,  485 

Frederick  William  IV  (1 795-1861), 
King  of  Prussia,  1840-1858:  reign  of, 
18,  396;  in  the  Slesvig-Holstein  con- 
troversy, 16,  269;  elected  hereditary 
emperor,  18,  402;  his  relation  to 
Nicholas  I  of  Russia,  14,  444 

Frederick  William  (d.  1710),  Duke  of 
Courland:  marries  Anne,   15,   57 

Fredericksburg,  Virginia:  Burnside's 
defeat  at  (1862),  24,  769 

Frederickstad,  Norway:  siege  of 
(1850),  16,  272 

Frederika  of  Baden  (ca.  1800),  Queen 
of  Sweden:  marriage  of,  16,  250 

Frederikshald,  Norway:  siege  of 
(1718),  15,  66,  16,  223 

Fredrikshamn,  Treaty  of  (1809),  con- 
cluded between  Sweden  and  Russia, 

15,  217 

Frederiksten,  Norway:  siege  of  (1716), 

16,  223 

Free  Conservatives,  German  political 
party:  description  of,  18,  435 

Free  Soil  Party,  political  party  in 
United  States:  organized,  24,  655; 
convention  at  Pittsburg  (1852),  621; 
summons  a  constitutional  conven- 
tion in  Kansas,  649;  denounce  Dred 
Scott  decision,  660 


"Free  Speech,  Free  Soil,  and  Fre- 
mont,"   campaign    cry    of    1865,   34, 

655 

Free  Trade:  see  Taxation 

Freedman's  Bureau,  in  American  his- 
tory, a  division  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment charged  with  aiding  and  pro- 
tecting the  freed  slaves:  established, 
24,  844;  description  of,  848 

Freedom  of  Speech,  Federalist  enact- 
ments against:  in  the  United  States, 
23,  378 

Freedom  of  the  Press:  victory  for,  in 
colonies,  23,  107;  Federalist  enact- 
ments against,  378 

Freedom  of  Worship:  sought  by  colo- 
nists of  Plymouth,  23,  83 

Freeman's  Farm,  New  York:  battle  of 

(1777),  23,  255 
Freeman  tie,       Port       of,       Australia: 

founded,  20,  187 
Freeport,     Illinois:      Lincoln-Douglas 

Debate  at,  24,  669 
Freethinking    Party    (1879),    German 

political    party:    description    of,    18, 

446  note 
Fregellae,  Italy:  revolt  of  (124  B.  C.)» 

3,  179 

Freiberg,  Germany:  battles  of  (1644), 
9,  199;  (1677),  18,  301;  (1762),  343 

Freienbach,.  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1443),  13,  400 

Frejus:  see  Forum  Julii 

Frelinghuysen,  Frederick  Theodore 
(1817-1885),  American  statesman: 
member  of  the  Electoral  Commis- 
sion, 24,  913  note;  succeeds  Blaine, 
936;  effort  to  abrogate  Clayton-Bul- 
wer  Treaty,  1058 

Frelinghuysen,  Theodore  (1753-1804), 
American  statesman:  nominated  for 
Vice-President,  24,  537 

Fremont,  John  Charles,  an  American 
soldier  and  politician,  called  the 
Pathfinder:  born  at  Savannah,  Geor- 
gia, January  21,  1813;  graduated 
from  Charleston  College,  South 
Carolina,  1830;  taught  mathematics 
and  afterwards  turned  his  attention 
to  engineering;  served  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi survey;  was  made  lieuten- 
ant of  engineers,  1838;  explored  the 


270 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


South  Path  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, 1842,  and  the  Pacific  slope, 
1843-1844  and  1845;  took  part  in 
the  conquest  of  California,  1846- 
1847;  was  United  States  Senator 
from  California,  1850-1851;  con- 
ducted an  exploring  party  to  the 
Pacific,  1853;  was  the  Republican 
nominee  for  President,  1856;  was 
appointed  major-general  of  volun- 
teers, 1861,  and  served  in  Missouri 
and  the  Shenandoah  Valley;  pro- 
claimed the  emancipation  of  the 
slaves  of  those  in  arms  against  the 
United  States,  1861,  but  the  procla- 
mation was  annulled  by  President 
Lincoln  as  being  premature;  re- 
signed from  service,  1864,  was  gov- 
ernor of  Arizona,  1878-1882;  retired 
as  major-general,  April  28,  1890; 
died  at  New  York  City,  July  13, 
1890 

His  explorations  in  California,  22, 
295;  elected  senator  from  California, 
34>  598;  earlier  career,  654;  nomi- 
nated for  Presidency  (1856),  652, 
654;  (1864),  799;  opposed  by  Choate, 
657;  commander  of  the  Military 
District  of  the  West,  741;  relieved 
from  command,  742;  Union  general 
in  Shenandoah,  759;  withdraws  from 
Presidential  campaign,  802 
French  and  Indian  Wars,  a  series 
of  wars  between  France  and 
Great  Britain  in  America  and 
forming  part  of  the  Hundred  Years 
War: 

I.  King  William's  War  (1689- 
1697),  known  in  Europe  as  the  War 
of  the  Palatinate:  causes,  23,  157; 
massacre  of  Schenectady,  158;  mas- 
sacre of  Salmon  Falls,  158;  capture 
of  Port  Royal  by  the  English  and 
its  recapture  by  the  French,  158; 
bombardment  of  Fort  Quebec,  159; 
sack  of  York,  Maine,  159;  ended 
by  Treaty  of  Ryswick,  159;  results, 
160. 

II.  Queen  Anne's  War  (1702-t 
1714),  known  in  Europe  as  the  War 
of  Spanish  Succession:  causes,  23 
160;  massacre  of  Deerfield,  160;  cap- 
ture of  Port  Royal  by  the  English, 


161;   ended   by   Treaty   of   Utrecht, 
162;  results,  162 

III.  King  George's  War  (1744- 
1748),  known  in  Europe  as  the  War 
of  the  Austrian  Succession:  causes, 
23,  163;  capture  of  Louisburg  by 
the  English,  164;  ended  by  Treaty 
of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  166;  results,  166 

IV.  The  French  and  Indian  War 
(1754-1763),  known  in  Europe  as 
the  Seven  Years'  War  (1756-1763): 
causes,  23,  167;  preliminary  opera- 
tions, 170;  resources  of  the  contend- 
ing belligerents,  173;  Braddock's  ex- 
pedition, 176;  expulsion  of  the  Aca- 
dians,  179;  English  disasters  and 
failures,  182;  the  victories  of  Pitt, 
187;  the  fall  of  Quebec,  193;  ended 
by  the  Treaty  of  Paris,  197;  results, 
198 

French  Club,  The  (ca.  1791),  French 
political  body:  established  by  Ber- 
trand  de  Molleville,  10,  160 

French  Congo,  Africa:  description  of, 
20,  281 

French  in  America:  colonies  inferior 
to  English,  23,  157;  population  of, 
157;  Indians  ally  with,  157;  claims 
in  Mississippi  Valley,  167;  popula- 
tion in  French  and  Indian  War,  173; 
influence  over  Indians,  174 

French  Maccabaeus,  The:  see  Mont- 
fort,  Simon  de 

French  Revolution,  The,  a  revolution 
in  France  at  the  close  of  the  18th 
century,  called  the  Fifteen  Years' 
Farce:  causes  of,  9,  253,  10,  3,  16, 
249;  principal  battles  were:  Valmy 
(1792),  9,  277,  10,  210,  18,  356;  Jem- 
mapes  (1792),  9,  279,  13,  263,  17, 
280,  18,  356;  Nurwinden  (1793),  9, 
283,  10,  249,  13,  263,  17,  281,  18, 
357;  peace  treaties  were:  Basel 
0795)»  *o>  347;  Campo  Formio 
(i797)»  395;  Luneville  (1801),  442; 
Amiens  (1802),  444;  principal  phases 
were:  the  old  regime,  10,  3;  the  be- 
ginning of  the  Revolution,  17;  es- 
tablishment of  the  States-General, 
41;  the  rise  of  popular  government, 
79;  separation  of  national  parties, 
101;  the  close  of  the  assembly,  132; 
the     national     legislative    assembly, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


271 


151;  the  national  convention  and  the 
trial  of  Louis  XVI,  215;  fall  of  the 
Girondists,  239;  beginning  of  the 
terror,  267;  fall  of  Robespierre,  296; 
the  Thermidorian  reaction,  320;  the 
close  of  the  national  convention, 
341;  the  government  of  the  direc- 
tory, 367;  fall  of  the  directory, 
395;  the  finances  of  the  French 
Revolution,  418;  Napoleon  and  the 
consulate,  431;  the  empire,  461;  the 
Hundred  Days,  498 

French  Tiberius,  The:  see  Louis  XI, 
King  of  France 

French  War,  Old:  see  French  and  In- 
dian War 

French  West  Africa,  present  condi- 
tion of,  20,  281 

Freneau,  Philip  (1752-1823),  American 
poet:  edits  the  "National  Ga- 
zette," 23,  356 

Frere,  Sir  Henry  Bartle  Edward  (Sir 
Bartle  Frere)  (1815-1884),  British 
official:  his  administration  of  Sind, 
5,  223;  introduces  adhesive  postage 
stamp  in  Sind,  224;  accompanies 
Edward  VII  in  his  visit  to  India, 
253;  his  mission  to  Africa,  19,  55; 
his  influence  on  African  affairs,  95; 
his  requirements  in  Zululand,  20, 
229 

Freron,  Louis  Stanislaus  (1765- 1802), 
French  revolutionist:  obtains  the 
accusation  of  Fonquier-Tinville,  10, 
275;   forms  the  jeunesse  doree,  326 

Frey,  Colonel  (19th  century),  French 
military  officer:  at  war  with  Sa- 
mory,   19,    149 

Freyre,  General  (ca.  1825),  Chilian 
statesman:    president    of    Chili,    21, 

215 

Freytag  (ca.  1793),  Austrian  military 
commander:  his  campaign  against 
the  allied  forces,  9,  286 

Frey-Yngre,  legendary  king  of  Swe- 
den: story  of,  16,  35 

Friars  Minorites:  see  Minorites,  Fri- 
ars 

Friars  Observant,  English  church- 
men: suppressed,   II,  255 

Friars  Preachers:  see  Preachers,  Fri- 
ars 

Frias,    Tomas    (1805-1884)',    Bolivian 


statesman:  made  provisional  presi- 
dent of  Bolivia,  then  president,  21, 
191 

Fribourg,  Switzerland:  submits  to  the 
Liberals  (1847),  13,  552 

Fridigern  (d.  381  A.  D.),  King  of 
Goths:  defeats  the  Romans,  18,  34 

Fridolin,  Saint  (ca.  481  A.  D.),  French 
missionary:  sketch  of,  13,  338 

Friedland,  Bohemia:  battle  of  (1807), 
9,  331,  10,  470,  11,  559,  15,  215,  16, 
251,  18,  373 

Friedlingen,  Germany:  battle  of 
(1703),  9,  221 

Friend,  Good:  see  Napoleon  III, 
Emperor  of  the  French 

Friend,  The  People's:  see  Marat,  Jean 
Paul 

Friend  of  the  People,  The  Father 
and:  see  Henry  IV,  King  of  France 

Friends,  Society  of:  see  Quakers 

Friends  of  the  Constitution,  The,  in 
French  history  a  body  of  revolu- 
tionists: organized,  9,  269 

Friesland,  Prussia:  annexed  to  Frank- 
ish  kingdom  (ca.  800  A.  D.),  18,  85 

Frischherz  (d.  1640),  Swiss  official: 
death  of,  13,  467 

Frisching,  Von,  Swiss  statesman: 
leads  peace  party  in  Berne  (ca. 
1798),  13,  511 

Frisons  or  Frisii,  The,  early  inhabit- 
ants of  the  Netherlands:  description 
of,  13,  7;  ancestors  of  the  Dit- 
marshes,  16,  138 

Fritz,  Father:  see  Frederick  (II)  the 
Great,   King  of  Prussia 

Friuli,  Italy:  taken  by  the  Austrians 
(1809),  17,  298 

Frobisher,  Sir  Martin,  an  English 
navigator:  born  at  Doncaster,  York- 
shire, England,  about  1535;  at- 
tempted to  discover  the  Northwest 
Passage,  1576;  made  two  more  voy- 
ages, 1577  and  1578;  accompanied 
Drake  to  the  West  Indies,  1585; 
was  knighted  for  his  services 
against  the  Spanish  Armada,  1588; 
commanded  a  fleet  sent  to  aid 
Henry  IV  of  France,  1594;  was 
mortally  wounded  in  an  attack  near 
Brest  and  died  at  Plymouth,  Eng- 
land, November  7,  1594 


!TO 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Searches  for  the  Northwest  Pas- 
sage, 5,  156,  16,  301,  20,  58,  23,  52; 
his  services  against  the  Armada,  n, 
296,  23,  54 

Frode  (I)  the  Peaceful  (ca.  270  A. 
D.),  King  of  Denmark:  the  legend 
of,  16,  17 

Frohlich,  Abraham  Emanuel  (1796- 
1865),  German-Swiss  poet  and  fable 
writer:  sketch  of,  13,  530 

Froissart,  Jean  (1337-1410),  French 
writer:  sketch  of,  13,  62;  chronicles 
of,  14,  43 

"Frolic,"  British  sloop:  captured,  23, 
422 

Frontenac,  Count  Lewis  de  Buade  de 
(1621-1698),  French  officer:  gov- 
ernor of  Canada,  23,  158;  defends 
Quebec,  158;  attitude  toward  In- 
dians, 175 

Froschweiler,  Battle  of:  see  Woerth, 
Battle  of 

Frossard,  Charles  Auguste  (1807- 
1875),  French  general:  in  the  Fran- 
co-Prussian War,  9,  463,  18,  420 

Froude,  James  Anthony  (181 8-1894), 
English  historian:  his  mission  to 
Africa,  19,  83 

Fruella  (Froila)  I,  King  of  Asturias, 
757-768  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8,  131 

Fruella  (Froila)  II,  King  of  Asturias, 
923-925  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8,  135 

Friind,  Johannes  (ca.  1450),  Swiss  his- 
torian: sketch  of,  13,  427 

Frundsberg,  George  von  (1475-1528), 
German  general:  befriends  Luther, 
18,  240;  at  siege  of  Rome,  246 

Fry,  Joshua  (ca.  1750),  English  col- 
onel: sent  against  French,  23,  172; 
succeeded  by  Washington,  172 

Frye,  William  Pierce   (1831 ),  an 

American  statesman:  member  of 
Spanish-American  peace  commis- 
sion, 24,  1031;  elected  president  of 
Senate,   1050 

Fu  Te  (18th  century),  Chinese  gen- 
eral :  sketch  of  6,  97 

Fu  Wang  (ca.  1650),  Chinese  com- 
mander: made  emperor,  6,  55;  flight 
of,  56 

Fuad,  Grand  (1814-1869),  Turkish 
statesman:  services  of,  14,  439,  442; 


resigns  as  foreign  minister,  449; 
sent  to  Damascus,  466;  policy  to- 
ward Crete,  467;  accompanies  Abdul 
Aziz  to  Paris  exposition,  472 

Fuchs,  Alois  (ca.  1800),  Swiss  en- 
thusiast: sketch  of,  13,  543 

Fuchs,  Christopher  (ca.  1800),  Swiss 
enthusiast:  sketch  of,  13,  543 

Fueillee  (ca.  1650),  French  astron- 
omer: his  voyages  of  exploration, 
21,  34 

Fuen-Clara,  Pedro  de  Castro  y  Agus- 
tin,  Count  de,  viceroy  of  New  Spain, 
1742-1746:     administration     of,     22, 

195 

Fuenleal,  Sebastian  Ramirez  de  (1480- 
1547),  Spanish  bishop:  made  presi- 
dent of  the  audiencia,  22,  107 

Fuentes,  Pedro  Hemiguez  d'  Azedo, 
Count  of  (1560-1643),  Spanish  en- 
voy: appointed  governor  of  the 
Netherlands,  13,  160;  his  intrigues 
with  the  Swiss  Catholics,  461 

Fuentes  de  Oriora,  Spain:  battle  of 
(181 1),  8,  530,  9,  339 

Fueter  (ca.  1700),  Swiss  conspirator: 
leads  uprising  in  Berne,  13,  499 

Fugitive  Slave  Laws,  in  United  States 
history:  I.  of  1793,  24,  567;  II.  pro- 
posed in  compromise  (1850),  602; 
passed,  610;  operation  of,  614;  vio- 
lations of,  in  Ohio,  672;  denounced 
in  Western  Reserve,  672;  modifica- 
tion of,  proposed,  701 

Fuhsi  (ca.  2300  B.  C),  Chinese  in- 
ventor: invents  written  characters, 
6,   5 

Fujiwara-no-Fuhito  (8th  century), 
Japanese  noble:  aids  the  spread  of 
Buddhism,  7,  32;  services  of,  45 

Fujiwara-no-Hidehira  (ca.  1186), 
Japanese  chief:  kindness  of,  to  Mi- 
namoto-no-Yoshitsune,  7,  65;  death 
of,  66 

Fujiwara-no-Hidesato  (ca.  800  A.  D.), 
Japanese  commander,  defeats  Tai- 
ro-no-Masakado,  7,  53 

Fujiwara-no-Kamatari  (ca.  800  A.  D.), 
Japanese  noble:  services  of,  7,  45 

Fujiwara-no-Michinaga  (ca.  1000  A. 
D.),  Japanese  noble:  influence  of,  7, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


273 


Fujiwara-no-Michinori  (ca.  1150), 
Japanese  politician:  influence  of,  7, 

57 
Fujiwara-no-Morosuke    (ca.    1000    A. 

D.),  Japanese  noble:  minister  of  the 

right,  7,  48 
Fujiwara-no-Mototsune     (ca.    880    A. 

D.),    Japanese    statesman:    ministry 

of,  7,  46 
Fujiwara-no-Narichika       (ca.       H7S), 

Japanese    noble:    plots    against   the 

Tairasway,  7,  59 
Fujiwara-no-Nobuyon       (ca.       1150), 

Japanese  noble:  rebellion  of,  7,  57 
Fujiwara-no-Sadakuni  (ca.  900  A.  D.), 

Japanese       conspirator:       conspires 

against    Sugawara-no-Michizane,    7, 

47 
Fujiwara-no-Sanesuke       (ca.       1050), 

Japanese  official:   opposes  influence 

of  Fujiwara-no-Michinaga,  7,  49 
Fujiwara-no-Saneyori     (ca.     1000     A. 

D.),  Japanese  noble:  minister  of  the 

left,  7,  48 
Fujiwara-no-Sumitomo       (ca.       1100), 

Japanese   commander:   rebellion  of, 

7,  53 

Fujiwara-no-Tadahira  (ca.  1000  A. 
D.),  Japanese  noble:  chief  minister 
of  state,  7,  48 

Fujiwara-no-Tadamichi  (ca.  1100), 
Japanese  diplomat:  regent  for 
Emperor  Konoye,  7,  56 

Fujiwara-no-Tokihira  (ca.  900  A.  D.), 
Japanese  noble:  conspires  against 
Sugawara-no-Michizane,  7,  47 

Fujiwara-no-Yasuhira  (ca.  1150), 
Japanese  noble:  kills  Minamoto-no- 
Yoshitsune,  7,  66 

Fujiwara-no-Yoritsune  (ca.  1200), 
Japanese  nobleman:  made  shogun, 
7,  70 

Fujiwara-no-Yoshifusa  (ca.  900  A. 
D.),  Japanese  noble:  influence  of,  7, 
46 

Fu  K'angan  (18th  century),  Chinese 
general:  his  campaign  against  For- 
mosa, 6,  98;  his  campaign  against 
Tibet,  102 

Fukushima  (ca.  1850),  Japanese  offi- 
cer: appointed  director  of  Korean 
administration,   7,  267 

Fukushima  Masanori  (ca.  1600),  Japa- 


nese leader:  at  battle  of  Sekigahara, 
7,    123;    his   estates   confiscated,    128 

Fulah,  Africa:  description  of,  19,  148 

Fuller,  J.  B.  (1854 ),  an  English- 
man in  the  India  Civil  Service: 
made  lieutenant  governor  of  East- 
ern Bengal  and  Assam,  5,  303 

Fulton,  Robert,  an  American  artist, 
engineer,  end  inventor:  born  at 
New  Britain,  1765;  did  miniature 
painting  in  Philadelphia,  1782-1786; 
studied  painting  in  London  under 
Benjamin  West  for  several  years; 
abandoned  this  profession  for  that 
of  mechanical  engineering,  1793; 
moved  to  Paris,  1794;  experimented 
with  a  submarine  boat  and  a  tor- 
pedo, 1797-1805;  invented  and  suc- 
cessfully launched  on  the  Seine  a 
steamboat,  1803;  returned  to  the 
United  States,  1806;  built  the  steam- 
boat "  Clermont,"  which  made  a 
successful  trial  trip  on  the  Hudson, 
1807;  supervised  the  building  of  nu- 
merous ferry-boats  and  river  steam- 
ers; launched  the  war-steamer  "  Ful- 
ton," 1815;  died  at  New  York  City, 
February  24,  1815 

Invents  steamboat,  23,  401 

Fulvia  (d.  40  B.  C),  wife  of  Anto- 
nius:  incites  insurrection  in  Italy, 
4,  19;  death,  19 

Fundamental  Articles  of  Bohemia 
(1871),  incorporating  Bohemia  into 
Austria-Hungary,  17,  410 

Fundamental  Constitution  or  "  Grand 
Model"  devised  by  Locke:  23,  74; 
religious  freedom  promised  by, 
76;  suspended,  78 

Fundamental  Law,  The  (1800),  giving 
religious  freedom  to  Belgium  and 
Holland,  13,  292 

Fundamental  Orders,  First  constitu- 
tion of  Connecticut  (1639):  charac- 
ter of,  23,  92 

Fundi,  Italy:  pillaged  by  the  Sara- 
cens, 1,  354 

Fiinfkirchen,  University  of,  Hungary: 
founded,   17,  154 

Funston,   Fred    (1865 ),  American 

general:  captures  Aguinaldo,  20, 
317;  his  expedition  to  Cuba  (1906), 
22,  490 


274 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Fur  Seal  Controversy,  between  Great 
Britain  and  United  States,  24,  1020 

Fur  trade  with  the  Indians:  important 
to  French,  23,  169;  rivalry  of  French 
and  English,  169,  174 

Furius  Camillus,  Lucius  (ca.  350  B. 
C.)>  Roman  commander:  defeats  a 
Gallic  host,  3,  59 

Furius  Camillus,  Marcus  (ca.  400  B. 
C.)>  Roman  general:  founds  the 
temple  of  Concord,  3,  49;  heroism 
of,  59;  at  battle  of  Alba,  59;  victory 
in  the  Pomptine  territory,  63 

Furmali:  see  Pelusium 

Furrer,  Jonas  (1805-1861),  Swiss 
statesman:  elected  president  of  the 
Swiss  Confederation,  13,  556 

Furtado,  Francisco   (1818-1870),  Bra- 


zilian statesman:  forms  ministry, 
21,  176 

Fury,  The  Spanish  (1576),  massacre 
at  Antwerp:  description  of,  13,  122 

Fury  and  Hecla  Strait,  Arctic  re- 
gions: discovered,   16,  307 

Fusan,  Korea:  attacked  by  Japanese 
(1510),  7,  104;  captured  by  the  Japa- 
nese (1592),  117 

Fushimi,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  168 

Fussachi:  see  Hard 

Fiissen,  Treaty  of,  concluded  between 
Austria  and  Bavaria  (1745),  17,  242 

Fussli,  Johann  Conrad  (1 705-1 775), 
Swiss  author:  sketch  of,  13,  494 

Fust,  Johann  (d.  1460),  German  prin- 
ter: his  quarrel  with  Gutenberg,  18, 
221 


G 


Gabel,  Christopher  (ca.  1660),  Dan- 
ish official:  at  diet  of  Copenhagen, 
1 6,  232 

Gabinius  Alus  (d.  48  B.  C),  Roman 
politician:  proposes  measures 
against  the  pirates,  3,  270;  subdues 
Jewish  revolts,  276;  reinstates  Ptol- 
emy Auletes  on  his  throne,  277;  ar- 
rested, 283;  elected  consul,  290;  re- 
fused a  public  thanksgiving,  318; 
banished,  319;  in  the  Parthian  war, 
322;  his  Egyptian  campaign,  322; 
defeat  and  death  in  Illyria,  354 

Gablenz,  Ludwig  Karl  Wilhelm, 
Baron  von  (1814-1874),  Austrian 
general:  campaigns  of,  18,  408 

Gabrielle  d'  Estrees,  Duchess  of  Beau- 
fert  (1571-1599),  French  court 
beauty:  her  relations  with  Henry 
IV  of  France,  9,  171 

Gabrielli  of  Agobbia  (Giacomo),  Ital- 
ian politician:  made  tyrant  of  Flor- 
ence (1336,  1340),  4,  229 

Gadalebi,  Morocco:  battle  of  the  (ca. 
•     1530),  8,  437 

Gade,  Hemming  (ca.  1503),  Bishop  of 
Linkoping:  his  estimate  of  the 
Danes,  16,  139;  sent  as  a  hostage 
to  Denmark,  141 

Gades:  see  Cadiz 

Gadsden,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  con- 
cluded between  United  States  and 
Mexico  (1853),  22,  381,  24,  641 

Gadsden  Purchase:  see  Gadsden, 
Treaty  of 

Gaeta,  Italy:  sieges  of  (ca.  846  A.  D.), 

I,  355;   (1435),  8,  265 

Gaetulicus,  Lentulus  (ca.  39  A.  D.), 
Roman  statesman:  plots  against 
Caligula,  4,  57 

Gage,  Thomas  (1721-1787),  British 
military  officer:  in  Braddock's  ex- 
pedition, 23,  177,  179;  boasts  of  fear 
of    colonists,    220;    sent    to    Boston, 

II,  515,    23,    221;    fortifies    Boston 

27. 


Neck,  23,  225;  attempts  to  arrest 
Adams  and  Hancock,  226;  offers 
amnesty  to  all  rebels,  231;  reen- 
forced,  231 

Gaileswintha  (ca.  567  A.  D.),  Visgoth- 
ian  princess,  wife  of  Chilperic: 
sketch  of,  9,  27 

Gaines,  Edmund  Pendleton  (1777- 
1849),  American  soldier:  sent  to 
Georgia  to  prevent  surveys  of  In- 
dian lands,  23,  470 

Gaines'  Mills,  Virginia:  battle  of 
(1862),  24,  761 

Gaj,  Louis  (1809-1872),  Croatian  jour- 
nalist: his  works  in  Croatia,  17,  343 

Gajitani,  General,  Belgian  military  of- 
ficer: at  siege  of  Antwerp  (1585), 
13,  149 

Galatia,  Asia  Minor:  settled  by  Gauls, 

2,  SIS 
Galatz,  Roumania:  siege  of  (1789),  15, 

185;  massacre  in  (1821),  14,  416 
Galba,      Servius     Sulpicius      (second 

century  B.  C),  Roman  general  and 

orator:    his    campaign   in   Spain,   8, 

19 

Galba,  Servius  Sulpicius  (3  B.  C.-69 
A.  D.),  Roman  emperor,  68-69  A. 
D.:  his  campaign  in  the  Alps,  3, 
303;  conspires  against  Nero,  4,  67; 
proclaimed  emperor,  4,  69,  8,  25; 
death  of,  4,  70 

Galdan  (d.  1697),  chief  of  the  Eleuths, 
Manchurian  military  officer:  account 
of,  6,  66;  defeat  of,  69;  death  of,  71 

Galen,  Christopher  Bernhard  von 
(1600-1678),  Dutch  prelate  and  com- 
mander: in  the  war  with  the  Eng- 
lish, 13,  230 

Galerius,  Valerius  Maximus  (d.  311 
A.  D.),  Roman  Emperor,  286-305  A. 
D.:  made  Csesar,  4,  114;  death,  118 

Galiano,  Antonio  Alcala  (1 790-1 865), 
Spanish  writer  and  orator:  leader  of 
Spanish  Revolution,  8,  492 


276 


THE    HISTORY   OF    NATIONS 


Galicia,  Austria-Hungary:  forms  part 
of  Poland,  17,  4;  relics  of  the  stone 
age  found  in,  10;  does  homage  to 
Hungary,  54;  taken  by  the  Bohe- 
mians, 63;  annexed  to  Austria,  248; 
spread  of  revolutionary  ideas  in, 
346;  revolution  of  1848,  366;  invaded 
by  the  Russians,  372  affected  by 
Polish  insurrection  (1863),  389; 
the  dual  system  of  government, 
404 

Galileo  Galilei,  an  Italian  astronomer 
and  philosopher:  born  at  Pisa, 
Italy,  February  14,  1564;  studied 
the  classics,  invented  small  ma- 
chines, and  became  an  accomplished 
musician;  studied  at  the  University 
of  Pisa,  1581-1586;  discovered  the 
principle  of  the  pendulum,  1583,  but 
did  not  apply  it  to  the  making  of  a 
clock  until  about  1633;  was  professor 
of  mathematics  at  Pisa,  1589-1591, 
and  at  Padua,  1592-1610;  invented 
a  thermometer,  1597,  and  a  tele- 
scope, 1609;  discovered  Jupiter's 
satellites,  1610;  removed  to  Flor- 
ence, 1610;  noticed  the  sun's  spots 
about  1610;  called  to  Rome,  where 
his  doctrines  were  condemned  by 
the  Pope,  1616;  compelled  to  reject 
the  Copernican  theory  by  the  In- 
quisition, 1633;  discovered  the 
moon's  libration,  1637;  died  at  Ar- 
cetri,  near  Florence,  Italy,  January 
8,  1642 

Sketch  of,  4,  320 

Galissoniere  (Gallisoniere),  Roland 
Michel  Barrin,  Marquis  de  la  (1693- 
I756),  French  naval  officer:  defeats 
English  at  Minorca,  9,  244;  made 
member  of  cabinet,  263 

Galitzin,  Prince  Alexander  Michail- 
ovitch  (1718-1783),  Russian  soldier: 
commands  Russian  forces,  14,  324; 
negotiates  for  Rulhiere's  manu- 
script, 15,  159 

Galitzin,  Prince  Alexander  Nikola- 
witch  (1774-1884),  Russian  states- 
man: his  campaign  against  Turks, 
15,  176;  his  influence  on  Alexander, 
265 

Galitzin,  Prince  Basil  (1633-1713), 
Russian      statesman      and      soldier: 


power  of,  15,  27;  his  campaign  in 
the  Crimea,  29;  exile  of,  31 

Galitzin,  Prince  Dmitri  I  (d.  1738), 
Russian  statesman:  library  of,  15, 
86;  in  the  supreme  privy  council, 
95;  his  relations  with  Anne,  103, 
106;  defeats  Pugatchev,  168 

Galitzin,  Prince  Michael  (1674-1730), 
Russian  general:  at  Poltava,  15,  54; 
his  campaigns  against  the  Swedes, 
64,  67 

Galitzins,  Russian  noble  family  of  the 
17th  century:  faction  of,  15,  26 

Gallas,  Matthias  von  (1 584-1 647),  Aus- 
trian soldier:  his  campaign  in  the 
Thirty  Years'  War,  9,  191,  18,  286, 
288,  291 

Gallatin,  Albert  (1761-1849),  American 
statesman  and  financier:  appointed 
Secretary  of  Treasury,  23,  388;  abil- 
ity of,  392;  sent  to  St.  Petersburg, 
428;  report  on  highway  construc- 
tion, 441;  describes  Jackson,  478 

Gallegas,  Mariquita  (Perichole)  (ca. 
1767),  Spanish  actress:  sketch  of, 
21,  50 

Galletti,  Joseph  (ca.  1848),  Roman 
revolutionist:  leader  in  insurrection 
in    Rome,    4,   365 

Gallia,  Province  of  Gaul:  description 
of,  3,  292 

Gallicians  (Gallaici),  tribe  of  Spain: 
description  of,  8,  7 

Gallieni,  Joseph  Simon  (b.  1849), 
French  officer  and  African  explorer: 
his  expedition  through  Africa,  19, 
149;  crushes  insurrection  in  Mada- 
gascar, 213 

Gallienus,  Publius  Lisinius  (d.  268  A. 
D.),  Roman  Emperor:  reign  of,  4, 
no 

Gallipoli,  Turkey:  siege  of  (1366),  4, 
276;  captured  by  the  Turks  (1356), 
14,  27 

Gallissoniere:  see  Galissoniere 

Gallo,  Pedro  Leon  (19th  century), 
Chilian  military  commander:  in  the 
revolt  of  Copiapo,  31,  219 

Galloway,  Joseph  (1730-1803),  Amer- 
ican loyalist:  delegate  to  first  Conti- 
nental Congress,  23,  223;  prominent 
Tory  of   Pennsylvania,   294 

Gallus,    .ffilius     (1st    century    B.    C), 


GENERAL    INDEX 


277 


Roman    general:    his    campaigns    in 

the  East,  i,  187 
Gallus     (Caius    Vibius    Trebonianus) 

(205-253  A.   D.),   Roman   Emperor: 

pays  tribute  to  Goths,  18,  29 
Gallus,     Hostilius     (d.     282     A.     D.), 

Roman    officer:    made    emperor,    4, 

109 
Galsunta    (ca.    550    A.    D.),    Spanish 

princess:  sketch  of,  18,  62 
Gait    (19th    century),    American    mili- 
tary officer:   in   the   Mexican   War, 

22,  348 
Gait,    Peder    (17th    century),    Danish 

admiral:    in   the   War   of    1643-1645, 

16,  202  note 
Galton,    Francis    (1822 ),    English 

scientist:  explorations  of,  19,  52 
Galvani    of    Bologna,     Luigo     (1737- 

1798),   Italian  physician:   sketch   of, 

4,  339 

Galvez,  Bernardo  de  (1756-1794), 
Spanish  count:  campaigns  in  Amer- 
ica, 22,  212,  213 

Galvez,  Jose  (1 729-1 787),  Spanish 
statesman:  conquers  West  Florida, 
8,  416;  appointed  visitador,  22,  202 

Galvez,  Jose  (d.  1866),  Peruvian 
statesman:  death  of,  31,  207 

Galvez,  Matias  de  (1731-1784),  Span- 
ish politician:  his  administration  as 
viceroy  of  New   Spain,  22,  212 

Gama,  Estavan  de  (16th  century), 
Portuguese  naval  officer,  cousin  of 
Vasco  de  Gama:  voyage  to  India, 
8,  327 

Gama,  Estavan  de  (16th  century),  son 
of  Vasco  de  Gama:  viceroy  of  the 
Indies,  8,  435 

Gama,  Franciso  de  (ca.  1550),  Portu- 
guese commander:  expels  Dutch 
from  the  Indian  seas,  8,  459 

Gama,  Paulo  de  (ca.  1500),  Portu- 
guese admiral:  suppresses  mutiny 
against  Vasco  de  Gama,  8,  325 

Gama,  Vasco  de,  Count  of  Vidigueira, 
a  Portuguese  navigator:  born  at 
Sives,  Portugal,  about  1409;  became 
a  skilled  mariner  and  a  gentleman 
of  the  king's  household;  com- 
manded a  royal  expedition  to  the 
East  Indies,  doubling  the  Cape  of 
Good   Hope,   1497;  arrived  at   Cali- 


cut, 1498;  returned  to  Lisbon,  1499; 
made  Admiral  of  the  Indies,  1499; 
made  a  second  voyage,  1502-1503; 
made  viceroy  of  India,  1524;  died  at 
Cochin,  India,  December  24,  1524 

Voyages  of,  5,  138,  148,  8,  325, 
327,  19,  18,  20,  39,  21,  14,  23,  25; 
death  of,  5,   149,  8,  434 

Gamaleya  (18th  century),  Russian  edi- 
tor: cooperates  with  Novikov,  15, 
194 

Gamarra,  Agustin  (1785-1841),  Peruv- 
ian general:  rebellion  of,  21,  193; 
made  president  of  Peru,  193;  death 
of,  187,  196 

Gambetta,  Leon  (1838-1882),  French 
statesman:  in  the  elections  of  1869, 
9,  458;  proclaims  the  third  republic, 
466;  escapes  from  Paris,  468;  op- 
poses Thiers's  government,  475;  in 
the  Franco- Prussian  War,  18,  425; 
his  influence  on  African  affairs,  19, 
154;   ministry  of,   9,  482;    death   of, 

483 

Gambia,  British  colony  in  Africa: 
government  of,  20,  258 

Gambier,  James,  Baron  (1756-1833), 
English  admiral:  bombards  Copen- 
hagen, 16,  256 

Gambier  Islands,  South  Pacific:  un- 
der French  rule,  20,  276 

Gandamak,  Treaty  of,  concluded  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  Afghan- 
istan (1879),  5,  257 

Ganges,  a  river  in  India:  description 
of,  5,  8 

Ganges  Canal,  India:  opened,  5,  223 

Gangud,  Finland:  victory  of  (1714), 
15,  64 

Ganilh,  Charles  (1758-1836),  French 
writer:  appointed  deputy  to  the 
Versailles   Assembly,   10,  69 

Ganjeh,    Persia:    battle   of    (1827),    5, 

359 

Gante,  Padre  (ca.  1500),  a  Spanish 
ecclesiastic:  preacher  in  Mexico,  22, 
67 

Garat,  Dominique  Joseph  (1749-1833), 
French  politician:  opposes  Napo- 
leon, 9,  319 

Garay  (d.  1573),  Spanish  administra- 
tor: usurps  the  governorship  of  the 
La  Plata  provinces,  21,  42 


278 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Garcia,  King  of  Asturias  and  Leon, 
910-914  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8,  134 

Garcia  (nth  century),  King  of  Ga- 
licia:  reign  of,  8,  142 

Garcia  (I)  Sanchez  (Garcia  Ifiiguez), 
King  of  Navarre,  885-905:  reign  of, 

8,   195,   197 

Garcia  (II)  el  Trembloso,  King  of 
Navarre,  924-970  A.  D.;  reign  of, 
8,  199 

Garcia  III,  King  of  Navarre,  1035- 
1054:  reign  of,  8,  200;  death  of,  141 

Garcia  (IV)  Ramirez,  King  of  Na- 
varre, 1 1 34-1 1 50:  at  war  with  Al- 
fonso VII  of  Leon,  8,  145;  acces- 
sion and  reign  of,  201,  235 

Garcia  (ca.  1800),  South  American 
patriot:  made  Minister  of  Finance, 
21,  120;  his  mission  to  Brazil,  121 

Garcia,  Lizardo  (ca.  1900),  South 
American  patriot:  his  administration 
as  ruler  of  Ecuador,  21,  244 

Garcia,  Sancho  (d.  1026),  Count  of 
Castile:  rebellion  of,  8,  138 

Gardar  (ca.  850  A.  D.),  Swedish  navi- 
gator: visits  Iceland,  16,  44 

Garden  of  the  West:  see  Kansas 

Garderike:  see  Russia 

Gardie,  Count  Magnus  de  la  (1622- 
1686),  Swedish  statesman:  a  mem- 
ber of  the  council  of  regency,  16, 
210;  impoverishment  of,  212 

Gardie,  Ponte  de  la  (1530-1585), 
French  general  in  Swedish  service: 
campaign    against    Russia,    16,    167, 

173 

Gardien  (d.  1793),  French  deputy: 
death  of,  10,  279 

Gardiner,  Luke,  Lord  Mountjoy  (d. 
1798),  English  statesman:  intro- 
duces bill  to  relieve  Irish  Catholics 
from  their  disabilities,  12,  181;  sup- 
ports free  trade  movement,  183; 
death  of,  212 

Gardiner,  Stephen  (1490-1555),  Eng- 
lish prelate:  obtains  appointment  of 
Wolsey  as  papal  legate,  11,  246; 
made  chancellor,  269 

Garfield,  James  Abram,  an  American 
general  and  statesman,  the  twen- 
tieth President  of  the  United 
States:  born  in  Orange,  Ohio,  No- 
vember    19,     1831;    was    graduated 


from  Williams  College,  Mass.,  with 
distinction,  1856;  elected  to  the  sen- 
ate of  Ohio,  1859;  became  colonel 
of  the  Forty-second  Ohio  Volun- 
teers, 1861;  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general,  1862;  was  ap- 
pointed chief  of  staff  by  General 
Rosecrans,  1863;  was  made  major- 
general  for  gallantry  at  the  battle 
of  Chickamauga,  1863;  served  in 
Congress,  1863-1880;  elected  United 
States  Senator  from  Ohio,  1880; 
elected  President  of  the  United 
States,  1880;  was  inaugurated, 
March  4,  1881;  shot  in  Washington 
by  an  assassin,  July  2,  1881;  died  at 
Long  Branch,  N.  J.,  September  19, 
1881 

Member  of  Electoral  Commis- 
sion, 24,  913  note;  candidate  for 
Speaker  of  the  House,  916;  nomi- 
nates Sherman,  928;  Presidential 
candidate  (1880),  929;  sketch  of, 
929;  resists  Conkling,  933;  assassi- 
nation of,  934 

Garganus,  Mount:  see  Mount  Gar- 
ganus 

Garibald,  King  of  the  Bavarians,  553- 
590  A.  D.:  his  daughter  marries 
Autharis,  18,  54 

Garibaldi,  Giuseppe,  an  Italian  soldier 
and  patriot,  called  the  Hero  of  Mod- 
ern Italy  and  the  Warrior  of  Free- 
dom: born  at  Nice,  Italy,  July  4, 
1807;  took  part  in  the  movement  of 
the  Young  Italians,  1833  and  1834, 
and  was  therefore  exiled;  went  to 
South  America,  1836,  and  entered 
the  service  of  the  Republic  of  Rio 
Grande,  winning  for  himself  the 
title  of  the  Hero  of  Montevideo;  re- 
turned to  Italy,  1848;  served  the 
Roman  Republic,  1849;  lived  as  an 
exile  in  the  United  States,  1850- 
1854;  lived  as  a  farmer  on  the 
Island  of  Caprera,  1854-1859;  served 
in  the  war  of  Sardinia  and  France 
against  Austri1,  1859;  led  an  expe- 
dition against  the  Two  Sicilies, 
i860;  retired  again  to  Caprera  upon 
the  union  of  Sardinia  and  the  Two 
Sicilies  and  the  proclamation  of 
Victor   Emanuel   as   King   of  Italy, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


279 


1861;  led  expeditions  against  the 
Papal  States,  1862  and  1867,  but  was 
defeated  both  times;  served  with  the 
French  in  the  Franco-Prussian 
War,  1870-1871;  became  a  member 
of  the  Italian  Parliament,  1875; 
died  on  the  Island  of  Caprera,  June 
2,  1882 

His  services  in  South  America, 
21,  126,  139;  aids  republicans  of 
Italy,  4,  367;  aids  Sicilian  insur- 
gents, 377;  enters  Naples,  380;  plots 
to  join  Rome  to  the  kingdom  of 
Italy,  386;  retires  to  Caprera,  384; 
his  campaign  in  the  Tyrol,  390;  in- 
cites revolts  in  Rome,  391;  defends 
Rome,  9,  439;  in  the  Franco-Prus- 
sian War,  18,  425 

Garibay,  Pedro  (ca.  1800),  Spanish 
viceroy:  his  administration  as  vice- 
roy of  New  Spain,  22,  231 

Garigliano,  Italy:  battle  of  (1504),  9, 

133 

Garland,  Augustus  Hill  (1832-1899), 
American  politician:  member  of  the 
senate,  24,  916;  Attorney-General, 
950  note 

Garland,  William  A.  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), American  colonel:  in  the 
Mexican  War,  22,  348 

Gamier,  Marie  Joseph  Frangois  (1839- 
l&73)>  French  explorer:  campaign 
in  the  Tonkin,  20,  273 

Garnier-Pages,  Louis  Antoine  (1803- 
1878),  French  politician:  made 
mayor  of  Paris,  9,  435;  fined,  454; 
in  the  elections  of  1869,  458 

Garrett,  Thomas  (ca.  1850),  American 
abolitionist:  aids  slaves  to  escape, 
24,  617 

Garrison,  Cornelius  (ca.  1850),  Amer- 
ican engineer:  manager  of  San 
Francisco  office  of  Accessory  Tran- 
sit Company,  24,  626 

Garrison,  William  Lloyd,  an  Amer- 
ican philanthropist  and  abolitionist, 
called  the  Great  Emancipator:  born 
at  Newburyport,  Mass.,  December 
10,  1805;  was  apprenticed  to  the 
printer's  trade  and  while  learning 
this  trade  wrote  extensively  upon 
political  topics,  carefully  reserving 
his  incognito;  was  joint  editor  with 


Benjamin  Lundy  of  Baltimore  of 
an  anti-slavery  paper;  was  in  prison 
on  libel  charges  for  seven  weeks, 
1830;  published  "  The  Liberator,"  an 
abolitionist  paper,  at  Boston,  183 1- 
1865;  established  an  abolition  so- 
ciety at  Boston,  1832;  was  President 
of  the  American  Anti-Slavery  So- 
ciety, 1843-1865;  died  in  New  York 
City,  May  24,  1879 

Leader  of  abolition  movement, 
34>  573;  attacked  by  mob,  574;  aids 
slaves  to  escape,  617;  joins  liberal 
movement,  890 

Garter,  Order  of  the,  highest  order  of 
knighthood  in  Great  Britain,  dating 
from  the  14th  century,  11,  163 

Garza,  Felix  la  (ca.  1800),  Mexican 
leader:  leads  revolt,  22,  258 

Gasparin,  Adrien  fitienne  Pierre 
(1783-1862),  French  politician  and 
agriculturist:  made  minister  of  the 
Interior  in  Mole's  cabinet,  9,  410 

"  Gaspee,  The,"  British  revenue 
schooner:  burned  by  colonials,  23, 
218 

Gassion,  Jean  de  (1609-1647),  French 
general:  suppresses  insurrection  in 
Normandy,  9,  193 

Gastein,  Treaty  of,  concluded  between 
Austria  and  Prussia  (1865),  16, 
275,  X7,  391 

Gaston,  Duke  of  Orleans:  see  Or- 
leans, Jean  Baptiste  Gaston,  Duke 
of 

Gate  of  the  Mediterranean,  The:  see 
Gibraltar 

Gates,  Horatio  (1728-1806),  American 
general:  in  Braddock's  expedition, 
23,  179;  his  campaign  against  Corn- 
wallis,  9,  255;  at  battle  of  Saratoga, 
12,  181;  appointed  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  Southern  forces,  23, 
274;  succeeds  Schuyler  in  New 
York,  254;  quarrels  with  Arnold, 
255;  plots  in  his  favor,  261 

Gath,  city  of  the  Philistines:  con- 
quered by  David,  1,  385 

Gauchos,  peasantry  in  the  Platine 
states  of  South  America:  descrip- 
tion of,  21,   118 

Gaudet,  Marguerite  Elie:  see  Guadet, 
Marguerite  Elie 


280 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Gaudin,  Emile  (ca.  1799),  French 
revolutionist:  proposes  a  vote  of 
thanks  to  the  council  of  ancients, 
10,  413 

Gaudin,  Martin  Michel  Charles,  Duke 
of  Gaeta  (1756-1844),  French  minis- 
ter of  finance:  his  financial  reforms, 

9,  319 

Gaugamela,  Assyria:  battle  of  (331  B. 
C),  1,  169 

Gaul,  the  ancient  name  for  France: 
conquered  by  Csesar,  11,  6;  suppres- 
sion of  the  mutiny  in,  4,  76;  out- 
break of  the  laboring  party,  115; 
overrun  by  barbarians,  139;  becomes 
France,  162;  see  also  France 

Gaul,  Cisalpine,  Gaul  south  of  the 
Alps:  receives  full  citizenship,  3, 
392 

Gaul,  The  Constantine  of:  see  Clovis 

Gaul,  Transalpine,  Gaul  beyond  the 
Alps:  growth  of  Italian  civilization 
in,  3,  392 

Gauls,  leading  division  of  the  Celtic 
race:  description  of,  3,  294;  revolt 
against  Rome,  18,  23;  invade  Brit- 
ain, 11,  6 

Gauls,  the  Apostle  of  the:  see  Denis, 
Saint 

Gaumala,  Israel:  siege  of  (67  A.  D.), 
1,  411 

Gautama:  see  Buddha 

Gautsch     von     Frankenthurn,     Paul 

(185 1 ),      Austrian      statesman: 

made  premier  of  Austria,  17,  435; 
second  premiership  of,  438 

Gaveston,  Piers,  Earl  of  Cornwall  (d. 
1312),  favourite  of  Edward  II  of 
England:  career  of,  IX,  152 

Gawler,  George  (1796-1869),  British 
colonial  official:  governor  of  South 
Australia,  20,  193 

Gaza,  Syria:  besieged  by  Alexander 
the  Great,  I,  168;  battle  of,  8,  205; 
taken  by  Alexander,  2,  495;  by  Na- 
poleon (1799),  14,  382 

Gazi  Hassan,  Turkish  admiral:  plans 
reorganization  of  Turkish  forces, 
14,  342;  policy  of,  350;  commands 
Turkish  army,  356;  his  unsuccessful 
efforts  to  improve  the  navy,  372; 
death  of,  357 


Gedge  (ca.  1890),  English  explorer: 
his   explorations   in   Africa,   19,    188 

Gedrosia  (Baluchistan),  ancient  Asi- 
atic country:  Alexander  in,  2,  502 

Geer,  Baron  Louis  Gerhard  de  (1818- 
1896),  Swedish  statesman:  minis- 
try of,  16,  278 

Geffrard,  Fabre  (1806-1879),  Haytian 
general  and  politician:  leads  insur- 
rection, 22,  500;  elected  president 
of  Hayti,  501 

Gehwor  ben  Mohammed  (ca.  1030), 
Cordovian  Caliph:  reign  of,  8,  85 

Geijer,  Erik  Gustaf  (1783-1847), 
Swedish  historian  and  poet:  quoted 
on  the  Act  of  Union,  16,  123;  sketch 
of,  264 

Geiseric  (Genseric)  (d.  477  A.  D.), 
King  of  the  Vandals:  invades 
Africa,  4,  147,  18,  39;  invades  Italy 
and  sacks  Rome,  4,  149;  summoned 
to  Rome,  18,  43;  death  of,  4,  150 

Geiza  I,  King  of  Hungary,  972-997  A. 
D.;  reign  of,  17,  44,  46 

Geiza  II,  King  of  Hungary,  1141- 
11 61:  reign  of,  17,  53 

Gela,  Sicily:  tyrants  of,  2,  217;  taken 
by   Carthaginians,  412 

Gelders,  Holland:  taken  by  the 
French  (1672),  18,  300 

Gelimer,  King  of  Vandals,  530-534  A. 
D.:  defeat  of,  18,  49 

Gellir,  Thord  (ca.  964  A.  D.),  Swed- 
ish  statesman:   reforms   of,   16,   299 

Gelo    (Gelon),    Tyrant    of    Syracuse, 

485-478  B.  C:  reign  of,  2,  217 
. Gelterkinden,    Switzerland:    battle    of 
(1832),  13,  537 

Gelves,  Diego  Carrillo  Mendoza, 
Marques  de,  viceroy  of  New  Spain, 
1621-1624:  administration  of,  22,  153 

Gembloux,  Belgium:  battle  of  (1578), 
13,  130 

Gemmyo,  Empress  of  Japan,  708  A. 
D.:  reign  of,  7,  31 

Gemot,  The  Great:  see  Great  Gemot, 
The 

General,  No-flint:  see  Grey,  Charles, 
Earl  Grey 

General,  The  Blind:  see  Zisca,  John 
of 

General  Court  of  Masachusetts :  pow- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


281 


ers  of,  23,  119;  directs  establishment 
of  public  schools,  140;  regulates 
dress,  154 

General  Society,  English  trading  com- 
pany: organized  (1698),  5,  158 

Genet,  Edmond  Charles  (1765-1834)* 
French  diplomat:  minister  to  the 
United  States,  23,  359 

Geneva,  Switzerland:  conditions  in, 
under  Calvin,  13,  449;  siege  of 
(1602),  459;  reforms  in,  498;  united 
to  France,  10,  399 

Geneva,  Convention  of,  international 
convention  of  various  European 
states  (1864),  13,  562 

Geneva  Arbitration,  The,  a  treaty  be- 
tween England  and  the  United 
States  (1872),  11,  628,  24,  884 

Genghis  Khan  (Jenghiz  Khan,  Jinghis 
Khan,  Jengis  Khan,  Chinghis  Khan, 
Chingis  Khan,  Djenguiz  Khan, 
Dschengis  Chan,  or  Tchenguyz 
Khan),  originally  Temujin  (Temu- 
chin,  Temuchen,  or  Temudjin),  a 
Mongol  conquerer  born  in  Mongolia 
about  1 162;  succeeded  his  father  as 
chief  of  the  tribe  Neyrun,  1175;  in 
consequence  of  civil  war  was 
obliged  to  flee  to  the  Khan  of  the 
Keraite  Tartars,  1178;  made  himself 
master  of  the  Keraites,  1203;  made 

•  himself  chief  of  Mongolia,  1204; 
took  the  name  "  Genghis  Khan," 
1206;  crossed  the  Great  Wall,  1211; 
sacked  and  burned  Peking,  1215; 
had  conquered  all  Turkestan,  1218; 
conquered  central  Asia,  1218-1221; 
ravaged  Balkh,  Khorassan,  and 
Persia;  penetrated  Europe  as  far  as 
the  Dnieper;  plundered  Asia  as  far 
south  as  the  Sutlej;  was  the  founder 
of  what  afterwards  became  the  Mo- 
gul Empire;  maintained  strict  order 
through  his  vast  domains;  estab- 
lished a  postal  system;  tolerated  all 
religions;  died  at  Liupan,  China, 
August   18,   1227 

Invades  India,  5,  97;  his  con- 
quests, 334;  plans  subjugation  of 
Japan,  7,  73;  ancestor  of  Timur  the 
Great,  14,  46 

Genlis,  Count  de:  see  Sillery,  Marquis 
de 


Genoa,  Italy:  wars  with  Pisa,  4, 
236;  at  war  with  Venice,  14,  25;  his- 
tory of,  in  the  Middle  Ages,  4,  238; 
in  the  fifteenth  century,  305;  at  war 
with  Turkey,  14,  84;  leader  in  com- 
merce with  the  East,  23,  22;  birth- 
place of  Columbus,  26;  bombarded 
C1683-1684),  4,  325,  9,  213;  surren- 
ders to  the  Austrians,  4,  334;  to 
Napoleon  (1797),  344;  siege  of 
(1800),  4,  345,  9,  3i6,  18,  363 

Genseric:  see  Geiseric 

Gensaleic,  King  of  the  Visgoths,  506- 
511  A.  D.:  usurps  the  throne,  8,  39 

Gensonne,  Armand  (1758-1793), 
French  revolutionist:  leads  Girond- 
ist party,  9,  272;  attacked  by  Robe- 
spierre and  Marat,  10,  254;  death  of, 
279 

Genthius  (second  century  B.  C),  King 
of  the  Illyrians:  defeated  by  the 
Romans,  17,  11 

Gentle  Shepherd,  The:  see  Grenville, 
George  (1712-1770) 

Gentleman  George:  see  George  IV, 
King  of  England 

Gentleman  of  Europe,  First:  see 
George  IV,  King  of  England 

Gentlemen,  Southern,  of  the  United 
States:  political  talents,  social  char- 
acter, 24,  590 

Gentz,  Frederick  von  (1764-1832), 
German  publicist  and  diplomat:  ca- 
reer of,  17,  292;  in  the  Austrian 
service,  320 

Genucius,  Gnaeus  (d.  473  B.  C), 
Roman  tribune:  murder  of,  3,  43 

Geoffrey,  Count  of  Brittany  (1158- 
1186),  English  nobleman:  marries 
Constance  of  Brittany,  II,  109; 
death,  109 

Geoffrey  Plantagenet,  Count  of  An- 
jou  (1113-1151),  Norman  noble: 
marries  Empress  Matilda,  11,  93; 
conquers  Normandy,  95;  death  of, 
96 

Geography,  The  Father  of  Physical: 
see  Humboldt,  Alexander  von 

Geok  Tepe,  Asiatic  Russia:  siege  of 
(1881),  5,  367 

George  (early  19th  century),  King  of 
Georgia:  resigns  crown  to  Russia, 
5,  358,  15,  213 


282 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


George  I  (1660-1727),  King  of  Great 
Britain,  1714-1727:  accession  of,  II, 
466,  18,  319;  reign  of,  II,  467;  as- 
sumes possession  of  Bremen  and 
Verden,  16,  222;  assists  Sweden 
against  Russia,  15,  67;  menaces 
Russia,  95 ;  death  of,  II,  477 

George  II  (1683-1760),  King  of  Great 
Britain,  1727-1760,  called  The  Little 
Captain,  and  Prince  Tite:  reign  of, 
II,  477;  campaigns  of,  18,  330; 
aids  Maria  Theresa,  13,  255;  loath 
to  yield  Louisburg,  23,  166;  death 
of,   11,  503,  18,  341 

George  III  (1738-1820),  King  of 
Great  Britain,  1760-1820,  called 
Farmer  George:  accession  of,  11, 
503;  reign  of,  504;  determines  to 
force  tax  on  colonists,  23,  218;  re- 
fuses to  receive  petition  from  Amer- 
ican colonies,  237;  his  communica- 
tions with  the  Emperor  of  China, 
6,  119;  death  of,  II,  573 

George  IV  (1762-1830),  King  of  Great 
Britain,  1820-1830,  called  the  First 
Gentleman  of  Europe,  Prince  Flori- 
zel  and  Gentleman  George:  assumes 
regency  for  his  father,  11,  564; 
reign  of,  573;  death  of,  585 

George  I  (1845 ),  King  of  Greece, 

1863 :  accepts  throne  of  Greece, 

2,  546 

George  V  (1819-1878),  King  of  Han- 
over, 1851-1878:  defeat  of,  18,  410 

George  (early  17th  century),  Duke  of 
Brunswick:  defeats  the  imperialists, 
18,  285 

George  I,  Elector  of  Hanover:  see 
George  I,  King  of  England 

George  (early  17th  century),  Duke  of 
Liineburg:  fails  Gustavus  Adolphus, 
16,   183 

George  (1653-1708),  Prince  of  Den- 
mark: joins  William  of  Orange,  11, 
430 

George  (1869 ),  Prince  of  Greece: 

supported  by  Russia,   15,  350 

George,  Farmer:  see  George  III, 
King  of  Great  Britain 

George,  Gentleman:  see  George  IV, 
King  of  Great  Britain 

George  of  Podiebrad:  see  Podiebrad, 
George  of 


George  von  Wildenstein  (14th  cen- 
tury), Abbot  of  St.  Gall:  adminis- 
tration of,  13,  389 

George  Brankovic  (ca.  1427),  Servian 
ruler:  succeeds  Stephen  Laserovic, 
14,  60 

George  Castriot:  see  Scanderbeg 

George  Frederick  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), Margrave  of  Baden:  defeat 
of,  18,  272 

George      Frederick      Ernest     Albert 

(1865 ),  Prince  of  Wales:  visits 

India,  5,  309 

George  Petrovich:  see  Czerny  George 

George  William  (early  17th  century), 
Elector  of  Brandenburg:  his  rela- 
tions with  Gustavus  Adolphus,  18, 
280 

Georgia,  Transcaucasian  Russia:  occu- 
pied by  Turkey,  15,  79;  annexed  to 
Russia,  5,  358,  15,  213 

Georgia,  State  of,  one  of  the  United 
States,  called  the  Empire  State  of 
the  South:  founded,  20,  85;  growth 
of,  109;  proprietary  colony  under 
Oglethorpe,  23,  80;  plan  of  govern- 
ment of,  80;  first  settlement,  81; 
dissatisfaction  after  departure  of 
Oglethorpe,  81;  becomes  a  royal 
colony,  81,  115;  first  representative 
assembly  introduced  (1752),  120;  ex- 
periments with  a  single  legislative 
house,  10,  88  note;  population  at 
beginning  of  the  Revolution,  23, 
126;  Scotch-Irish  settle  in,  127;  co- 
lonial newspapers,  144;  Church  of 
England  established,  149;  reduced 
to  subjection  to  Crown,  272;  refuses 
to  surrender  power  of  regulating 
commerce,  311;  fails  to  pay  her 
share  of  national  government  ex- 
penses (1780.  313',  choses  delegates 
for  Constitutional  Convention,  323; 
ratifies  the  Constitution,  336;  trou- 
bles over  Indian  claims,  469;  trouble 
with  Cherokees,  486;  delegates  op- 
pose slavery  clause  in  Declaration 
of  Independence,  24,  563;  cedes  ter- 
ritory to  national  government,  567; 
circulation  of  Garrison's  paper  for- 
bidden, 574;  secession,  688;  Confed- 
erates seize  Forts  Pulaski  and  Jack- 
son, 691;  Sherman's  march  through, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


283 


802;  legislature  refuses  seats  to  ne- 
gro members-elect,  847;  readmitted, 
848;  Democrats  regain  control,  873; 
The  Atlanta  Exposition,  1010 

Gepidae,  Germanic  tribe:  settle  in 
Transylvania  and  Hungary,  17,  14; 
drive  back  Huns,  16;  defeated  by 
the  Lombards  (565  A.  D.),  17;  de- 
struction of,  18,  51 

Geraldine  League,  Irish  clan:  First, 
formed  (1537),  12,  81;  Second, 
formed  (ca.  1567),  90 

Geraldine  Rebellion,  The  (ca.  1560), 
in  Ireland,  12,  89 

Gerard,  Archbishop  of  Mayence  (ca. 
1291),  German  churchman:  influence 
of,  18,  183 

Gerard,  Balthasar  (d.  1584),  French 
fanatic:  assassinates  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  II,  293,   13,   142 

Gerard,  Conrad  A.  (18th  century), 
English  diplomat:  signs  Treaty  of 
Versailles,  23,  267 

Gerard,  Count  fitienne  Maurice  (1773- 
1852),  marshal  of  France:  becomes 
minister  of  public  instruction,  9, 
401;  ministry  of,  406;  his  campaign 
in  the  Netherlands,  13,  302;  his  cam- 
paign against    Russia,   15,  248 

Gerbillon,  Jean  Frangois  (1634-1707), 
French  Jesuit  missionary:  in  China, 
6,  67,  77 

Gerdt,  Count  (15th  century),  Danish 
nobleman:  his  claims  on  Holstein, 
16,  135 

Gergovia  (Clermont),  Gaul:  siege  of 
(52   B.   C),  9,   10 

Gerhard  III  (Black  Geert)  (1292- 
1340),  Count  of  Holstein:  in  Den- 
mark, 16,  113 

Gerhard  VI  (d.  1404),  Duke  of  Sles- 
vig-Holstein:  in  the  Slesvig-Hol- 
stein  controversy,  16,  266;  death  of, 
125 

Gerhard  VII  (ca.  1413),  Count  of 
Holstein:  protests  his  loyalty,  16, 
126 

Gerlache,  fitienne  Constantin,  Baron 
de  (1785-1871),  Belgian  historian 
and  statesman:  member  of  Belgian 
provisional  government,  13,  297;  ex- 
plorations of,  16,  334 

Germain,      Lord      George      Sackville 


(1716-1785),  English  soldier:  plans 
invasion  of  New  York  State,  23, 
251;  fails  to  send  dispatch  to  Gen- 
eral Howe,  23,  252 

Germain  de  Paris  (of  Auxerre),  Saint 
(d.  576  A.  D.),  French  bishop: 
teaches  St.   Patrick,   12,  27 

German  African  Company  (1878): 
work  of,  19,  89 

German  Anti-Slavery  Society:  places 
a  steamer  on  Lake   Nyasa,   19,   142 

German  Colonial  Society:  formed 
(1882),  19,  90;  unites  with  the  Ger- 
man Colonization  Society,  138;  in- 
corporated, 174 

German  Colonization,  Society  for 
(1884):  founded,  19,  129 

German  Confederation,  The,  a  league 
of  German  states  formed  1815: 
description  of,  16,  258,  18,  392 

German  East  Africa,  German  depend- 
ency in  Africa:  sketch  of,  19,  127, 
20,  301 

German  East  Africa  Company,  asso- 
ciation of  Germans:  founded,  19, 
130;  incorporated  by  imperial  char- 
ter, 138;  buys  the  coast  rights  of  the 
sultan  of  Zanzibar,  142;  experiments 
with  tea,  coffee  and  other  cultures, 
144 

German  Knights,  Order  of  the,  Ger- 
man monks:  Otto  enters  the,  16, 
114;  description  of,  18,  173,  195,  199, 
215;  see  also  Teutonic  Knights 

German  Paul,  The:  see  Luther,  Mar- 
tin 

German  Plantation  Company:  work 
of,  19,  179 

German  Planters'   Company:   formed, 

19,  139 

German  Southwest  African  Company: 
obtains  land,  19,   106 

German  Togoland  Company:  sketch 
of,  19,  180 

German  West  Africa,  German  depend- 
ency in   Africa:   sketch  of,   19,   172, 

20,  300 

"  Germania,"  celebrated  work  by  Tac- 
itus relating  to  the  Germans:  issued, 
18,  439 

Germanicus  Caesar,  a  Roman  general, 
nephew  of  the  Emperor  Tiberius: 
born  in  15  B.  C. :  adopted  by  Tibe- 


284 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


rius  4  A.  D.;  accompanied  Tibe- 
rius in  his  campaigns  in  Dalmatia, 
7-10  A.  D.,  and  in  Germany,  11  A. 
D.;  made  commander-in-chief  of 
the  legions  on  the  Rhine,  14  A.  D.; 
gained  many  and  important  vic- 
tories; recalled  because  of  the  jeal- 
ousy of  Tiberius,  17  A.  D.;  given 
command  of  the  eastern  provinces, 
18  A.  D.;  died  near  Antioch,  19  A. 
D.,  and  is  said  to  have  been  poi- 
soned by  order  of  the  emperor 

Commands  forces  in  Germany,  4, 
45;  his  campaign  in  Germany,  4,  47, 
18,  20;  in  the  east,  4,  48;  death  of, 
18,  21 

Germans,  a  people  of  central  Europe: 
in  the  time  of  Caesar,  3,  300;  con- 
tribute to  Austrian  history,  17,  5; 
influence  of,  6;  seek  religious  free- 
dom in  Maryland,  23,  72;  settle  in 
North  Carolina,  74;  included  in 
Penn's  Colony,  113;  in  New  Jersey 
and  Delaware,  126;  see  also  Teu- 
tons 

Germans,  The  Apostle  of  the:  see 
Boniface,  Saint 

Germantown,  Pennsylvania:  battle  of 
(1777),  33,  260 

Germany,  a  county  of  central  Eu- 
rope: condition  of  the  Jews,  I,  420; 
in  relation  to  modern  Greece,  2, 
548;  to  China,  6,  264,  272,  296;  rela- 
tion to  the  Eastern  Question,  14, 
7;  treaty  with  China  (1898),  7,  277; 
neutrality  in  Berlin  Congress,  14, 
487;  becomes  ally  of  Turkey,  505, 
508;  enters  the  African  field,  19, 
86;  in  the  Cameroons  and  the  Gulf 
of  Guinea,  105;  present  African  pos- 
sessions of,  257;  recognizes  Sa- 
moan  independence,  24,  977;  arbi- 
tration treaty  with  the  United 
States,  1076 

Germany,  History  of:  the  ancient  Ger- 
mans and  their  country,  18,  3;  the 
wars  with  Rome,  10;  Hermann,  the 
first  German  leader,  17;  the  first 
three  centuries  of  our  era,  23;  the 
migration  of  the  Goths,  31;  the  in- 
vasion of  the  Huns,  38;  the  rise  and 
fall  of  the  Ostrogoths,  45;  Europe 
at  the  end  of  the  migrations  of  the 


races,  53;  the  kingdom  of  the 
Franks,  59;  the  dynasty  of  the  may- 
ors of  the  palace,  67;  the  reign  of 
Charlemagne,  78;  the  emperors  of 
the  Carolingian  line,  89;  Conrad  I 
and  the  Saxon  dynasty,  103;  the  de- 
cline of  the  Saxon  dynasty,  116; 
the  Franconian  emperors,  124;  end 
of  the  Franconian  dynasty,  and  rise 
of  the  Hohenstaufens,  139;  the  reign 
of  Frederick  Barbarossa,  147;  the 
reign  of  Frederick  II  and  the  end  of 
the  Hohenstaufen  line,  158;  the  in- 
terregnum, 171;  from  Rudolf  of 
Hapsburg  to  Lewis  of  Bavaria,  179; 
the  Luxemburg  emperors,  Charles 
IV  and  Wenzel,  192;  the  reign  of 
Sigismund  and  the  Hussite  war, 
201;  the  foundation  of  the  Haps- 
burg dynasty,  212;  the  reign  of  Max- 
imilian I,  225;  the  Reformation,  233; 
growth  of  Protestantism,  254;  be- 
ginning of  the  Thirty  Years'  War, 
265;  end  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War, 
288;  decline  of  imperial  power,  298; 
the  War  of  Spanish  Succession,  311; 
the  reign  of  Frederick  the  Great, 
326;  Maria  Theresa  and  Joseph  II, 
347;  the  end  of  the  German  empire, 
354;  Germany  under  Napoleon,  371; 
the  War  of  Liberation;  reaction, 
387;  the  Revolution  of  1848  and  its 
results,  398;  the  struggle  with  Aus- 
tria; the  North  German  Confedera- 
tion, 407;  the  Franco-Prussian  War, 
415;  the  German  empire,  428 

Gero,  Count  of  Saxony  (d.  965  A.  D.), 
German  hero:  his  campaigns  against 
the  Wends,  18,  no 

Gerona,  Spain:  siege  of  (1283),  8, 
246;  battle  of  (1808),  10,  477 

Gerry,  Elbridge  (1744-1814),  Amer- 
ican statesman:  in  Constitutional 
Convention,  23,  323;  refuses  to  sign 
the  Constitution,  334;  opposes  rati- 
fication in  Massachusetts  of  the 
Constitution,  336;  signs  Declaration 
of  Independence,  342;  in  first  Con- 
gress, 342;  sent  to  France  by  Wash- 
ington,  273\  Vice-President,  434 

Gershom  Mendes  Seixas,  Rabbi  (ca. 
I797)»  Jewish  churchman:  leads  col- 
ony of  Jews  to  Philadelphia,  1,  425 


GENERAL    INDEX 


285 


Gerstenzweig  (ca.  1861),  Polish  states- 
man: death  of,  15,  326 

Gertrude  (ca.  1230),  Austrian  prin- 
cess: betrothed  to  Vladislav  III  of 
Bohemia,  17,  70 

Gertrude,  daughter  of  Lothar  II  (ca. 
1 125),  German  princess:  marries 
Henry  the  Proud,  18,  143 

Gertrude  of  Meran  (ca.  1205),  Queen 
of  Hungary:  death  of,  17,  55 

Gervais,  Alfred  Albert,  French  ad- 
miral: his  visit  to  Russia  (1891),  15, 

344 
Geshov,  Ivan  (ca.  864),  Bulgarian  di- 
plomatist:  sketch  of,   15,  33s 
Gesiths,  the  war  band  of  the  Angles: 

description  of,  IX,  20 
Gessi   Pasha   (19th   century),   African 

soldier  in  English  army:  defeats  the 

forces   of  Suleiman,   19,   167 
Gessner,     Konrad     von     (1516-1565), 

Swiss       naturalist       and       scholar: 

sketch  of,  13,  455 
Gessner,    Salomon    (ca.    1758),    Swiss 

poet:   sketch  of,  13,  490 
Geta,    Publius    Septimus    (189-212    A 

D.),    Roman    Emperor,    211-212    A. 

D. :  death  of,  4,  102 
Getae,  tribe  of  Thrace:  invade  India, 

5,  73 
Gettysburg,    Pennsylvania:    battle    of 
(1863),    24,    778;    national    cemetery 
dedicated,  783;  Lincoln's  address  at, 

783 

Gevaerts,  Jan  Kaspar  (1 593-1 666), 
Belgian  philologist:  negotiates 
treaty  with  the  States  of  the  Neth- 
erlands,  13,   184 

Gezer,  Syria:  captured  by  the  Egyp- 
tians,  1,   387 

Ghats,  mountain  range  in  India:  de 
scription   of,   5,    15 

Ghazali  (d.  1520),  governor  of  Syria: 
crushed  by  Suleiman  the  Great, 
14,  146 

Ghazan  Mahmud  (1271-1304),  Persian 
ruler:  reign  of,  5,  336 

Ghazi  Mollah  (d.  1833),  Mohamme- 
dan leader:  in  the  insurrection  in 
the  Caucasus,  15,  298 

Ghazni,  Afghanistan:  siege  of  (1839), 
5,  217 

Ghent,      Belgium:      insurrections      of 


(1138),  13,  33;  (1539).  58;  siege  of 
(1789),  261 

Ghent,  Pacification  of,  a  union  con- 
cluded (1576)  between  the  provinces 
of  Netherlands  against  Spanish  su- 
premacy, 13,  123 

Ghent,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  concluded 
between  Great  Britain  and  the  Uni- 
ted States  (1814):  terms  of,  23,  429; 
disagreement  of  commission  pro- 
vided by,  443;  provides  for  a  com- 
mission to  settle  Northeast  Bound- 
ary Dispute,  24,  529 

Ghent,  van  (d.  1672),  Dutch  admiral: 
death  of,  13,  236 

Gherardesca,  Ugolino,  Count  of  the: 
see  Ugolino,  Count  of  the  Gher- 
ardesca 

Gheria,  India:  battle  of  (1763),  5,  187 

Ghibellines,  Imperial  party  of  Italy  in 
the  Midde  Ages:  rise  of,  4,  199;  po- 
litical cry  of,  18,  144 

Ghiberti,  Lorenzo  (1378-1455),  Italian 
sculptor:  his  effect  on  the  Renais- 
sance, 4,  284 

Ghika,  Gregory  (d.  1777),  Turkish 
soldier:  death  of,  17,  249 

Ghirlandaio  (Domenico  Corradi) 
(1450-1495),  Italian  painter:  in- 
structs Michael  Angelo,  4,  297 

Ghiyas-ud-din  Tughtak  (ca.  1300), 
Ruler  of  India:  founds  dynasty,  5, 
101 

Ghulam  Mohammed  (d.  1877),  Indian 
prince:   sketch   of,  5,  200 

Ghurgin  Khan  (d.  1707),  Russian  gov- 
ernor of  Kandahar:  oppresses  the 
Ghilzis,  5,  348 

Giafieri  (d.  1618),  French  conspira- 
tor: member  of  plot  against  Venice, 

4,  315 
Giambelli,    Federigo    (ca.    1 570-1 590), 

Italian    engineer:    at    the    siege    of 

Antwerp,  13,  148 
Gian  Galeazzo  (ca.  1350),  Italian  no- 
ble: reign  of,  4,  219 
Giano  della  Bella    (ca.    1250),   Italian 

statesman:  reforms  of,  4,  228 
Giants,  Battle  of  the:  see  Marignano: 

battle   of   (1515) 
Gibbon,  Edward  (1737-1794),  English 

historian:     visits     Switzerland,     13, 

489 


286 


THE   HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Gibbon,  John  (i 827-1896),  -American 
general:  in  expedition  against  Sit- 
ting Bull,  24,  905 

Gibbons  (ca.  1600),  English  explorer: 
voyages  of,  16,  304 

Gibbs,  James  (1825-1886),  Indian  civil 
service:  sketch  of,  5,  262 

Gibeon,  Palestine:  battle  of,  1,  377 

Gibraltar,  Spain,  called  The  Gate  of 
the  Mediterranean,  and  The  Key  of 
the  Mediterranean:  origin  of  the 
name,  I,  312;  sieges  of  (1329),  8, 
112;  (1607),  13,  183;  (1704),  9,  221, 
18,  33i;  (I70S),  8,  394,  IX,  456,  13, 
250;  (1779),  8,  417;  (1782),  9,  256, 
11,  523;  history  of,  20,  253;  govern- 
ment of,  254 

Gibraltar  of  America,  or  o£  the  New 
World,  The:  see  Quebec 

Gibraltar  of  the  West  Indies,  The:  see 
Bermudas,  The 

Giddings,  Joshua  Reed  (1795-1864), 
American  anti-slavery  leader:  mem- 
ber of  Buffalo  Convention  (1848), 
24,  548;  aids  cause  of  negro  abduc- 
tion, 617 

Gideon  (d.  1236  B.  C.)»  Hebrew  war- 
rior: defeats  the  Ammonites,  1,  377 

Giers,  Nikolaide  (1820-1895),  Russian 
statesman:  death  of,  15,  346 

Giglius  (ca.  1550),  Belgian  diplomat: 
member  of  governing  council  of  the 
Netherlands,  13,  120 

Gil  (Gill),  Juan  Bautista  (d.  1877), 
Paraguayan  politician:  made  presi- 
dent of  Paraguay,  21,  161;  his  ad- 
ministration, 260 

Gil  Colunje  (ca.  1850),  South  Ameri- 
can patriot:  made  president  of 
Panama,  21,  89 

Gilbert,  Sir  Humphrey,  an  English 
soldier  and  navigator,  half-brother 
to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh:  born  near 
Dartmouth,  England,  1539;  edu- 
cated at  Eton  and  Oxford  for  the  law, 
but  entered  the  army;  suppressed  a 
rebellion  in  Ireland,  1570,  was  made 
governor  of  Munster  and  knighted; 
served  in  the  Netherlands,  1570-1575; 
was  authorized  by  the  English  gov- 
ernment to  take  possession  of  any 
uncolonized  land  in  North  America 
upon  payment  to  the  government  of 


one-fifth  of  all  the  gold  and  silver 
found  there,  1578;  attempted  an  ex- 
pedition for  discovery  and  coloniza- 
tion, 1578-1579,  but  failed;  started 
again,  1583;  established  a  colony  on 
Newfoundland,  August  5,  1583;  on 
his  return  voyage,  was  lost  at  sea 
off  the  Azores,  September  9,   1583 

Expeditions   to    America,   20,   84, 
23,  52 

Gilbert  de  Clare,  Earl  of  Gloucester: 
see  Gloucester,  Gilbert  de  Clare, 
Earl  of 

Gilden,  political  organizations  of 
Flanders  in  the  9th  and  10th  cen- 
turies A.  D.:  description  of,  13,   18 

Gillespie  (ca.  1800),  English  colonel 
in  Indian  service:  suppresses  Vel- 
lor  mutiny,  5,  204 

Gillespie,  George  (1613-1648),  Scot- 
tish Presbyterian  minister:  sketch 
of,  12,  358 

Gillespie,  George  L.  (ca.  1825), 
American  lieutenant:  his  mission  to 
Fremont,  22,  295 

Gilyan,  Persia:  ceded  to  Russia 
(1722),  15,  79 

Gimirrai:  see  Kimmerians 

Ginkle  (Ginkel  or  Ginckell),  Godert 
(1630-1703),  Dutch  soldier:  at  sieges 
of  Limerick  (1690),  12,  146;  (1691), 
153;  of  Athlone,  150;  created  Earl 
of  Athlone,  155 

Giolitti,   Giovanni    (1844 ),   Italian 

statesman:  ministry  of,  4,  405 

Giornico,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1478),  13,  414 

Giotto  (Bondone)  (1276-1336),  Ital- 
ian painter:  sketch  of,  4,  412 

Giovanni  Maria  Visconti  (d.  ca.  1410), 
Duke  of  Milan:  death  of,  4,  250 

Gipps,  Sir  George  (1791-1847),  British 
statesman:  governor  of  New  South 
Wales,  20,  210 

Giraldus  Cambrensis  or  Gerald  of 
Wales  (1 146-1220),  British  histo- 
rian: work  of,  11,  116 

Girard,  Father  (1 765-1 850),  Swiss 
teacher:  persecuted,  13,  529 

Girard,  Stephen,  an  American  mer- 
chant and  banker:  born  near  Bor- 
deaux, France,  May  24,  1750;  was 
a  cabin-boy,  a  mate  and  finally  mas- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


287 


ter  of  a  coasting-vessel;  settled  in 
Philadelphia  and  became  the  owner 
of  a  fleet  of  merchant-vessels; 
founded  a  private  bank  in  Philadel- 
phia, 1812;  at  times  was  a  public 
benefactor,  but  had  no  friends;  died 
without  issue  at  Philadelphia,  De- 
cember 26,  1831,  and  left  two  mil- 
lions for  the  founding  of  a  school 
for  orphan  boys 

One  of  the  early  millionaires,  23, 

479 

Girondists,  The,  French  Revolution- 
ary party:  formed,  10,  168;  its  prin- 
cipal speakers,  154;  its  true  chiefs, 
155;  wishes  for  rigorous  measures 
against  the  emigrants,  158;  attacks 
the  ministry,  161;  motives  of,  164; 
its  principles  and  position  at  the 
opening  of  the  convention,  215;  de- 
nounced by  the  Mountainists,  240; 
struggle  of,  with  the  Jacobins,  247; 
conspiracies  against,  253;  attacked 
by  Guadet,  255;  accused  of  conspir- 
ing with  Dumouriez,  260;  insurrec- 
tion against,  260;  fall  of,  265 

Gisela  (nth  century  A.  D.),  Suabian 
princess:  sketch  of,   18,   124 

Giselbert  (d.  939  A.  D.),  Duke  of 
Lorraine:  revolts,  18,  105,  109; 
death  of,  no 

Gisella  (10th  century  A.  D.),  Bavarian 
princess:  marries  Prince  Stephen  of 
Hungary,   17,  46 

Gislikon,  Switzerland:  battles  of 
(1653),  13,  473J  (1847),  552 

Gist,  Christopher  (18th  century), 
American  soldier:  accompanies 
Washington,  23,  170 

Gitchin,  Bohemia:  battle  of  (1866), 
18,  411 

Giulay,  Prince  of  Transylvania,  Tur- 
kish ruler,  ca.  1000:  resists  St.  Ste- 
phen of  Hungary,  17,  47;  his  cam- 
paign in  Italy,  385 

Giurgevo,  Roumania:  battle  of  (1790), 
14,  357 

Giustiniani,  John  (ca.  1452),  Italian 
commander:  in  the  war  with  Tur- 
key, 14,  74,  76 

Gizeh,  The  Great  Pyramid  of,  Egypt: 
built,  x,  16 

Gjo,     Henrik     (early     16th     century), 


Danish  nobleman:  supports  Chris^ 
tian  II  of  Denmark,  16,  192 

Glabrio,  Manlius  Acilius  (ca.  191  B. 
C),  Roman  general  and  statesman: 
appointed  to  command  of  army  in 
the  East,  3,  269;  his  campaign  in 
Asia,  270 

Gladiatorial  Combats,  Etruscan  sport: 
advent  of,  3,  61 

Gladiatorial  War,  a  war  between  Rome 
and  its  slaves  (73  B.  C):  causes,  3, 
261;  battle  of  Apulia,  262;  results, 
263 

Gladstone,  William  Ewart,  an  emi- 
nent English  statesman,  financier, 
and  orator,  called  the  People's  Wil- 
liam: born  in  Liverpool,  December 
29,  1809;  was  graduated  at  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  with  the  rank  of 
double  first-class,  1831;  was  elected 
to  Parliament  by  the  Conservatives 
of  Newark,  1832;  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  lord  of  the  treasury 
by  Sir  Robert  Peel,  1834;  retired 
from  office,  1835;  upon  the  forma- 
tion of  a  new  ministry  by  Peel,  he 
became  vice-president  of  the  Board 
of  Trade,  1841,  and  president  of  the 
same,  1843;  appointed  secretary  of 
the  colonies,  1845,  and  gave  his  sup- 
port to  the  repeal  of  the  corn-laws, 
1846;  identified  himself  with  the 
Conservative  Liberals  and  acted  as 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  to 
Lord  Aberdeen's  ministry,  1852;  re- 
signed upon  Palmerston  becoming 
premier;  tried  to  end  the  Crimean 
War;  appointed  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer  in  the  cabinet  of  Pal- 
merston, 1859;  made  his  speech  of 
four  hours  on  the  Budget  of  i860; 
represented  Oxford  University  in 
Parliament,  1847-1865;  became  lead- 
er of  the  House  of  Commons  and 
kept  the  office  of  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer  under  Earl  Russell; 
helped  to  introduce  a  bill  for 
electoral  reform,  and  made  an  im- 
portant speech  upon  it,  1866;  advo- 
cated the  disendowment  of  the 
Episcopal  Church  of  Ireland;  was 
chosen  prime  minister,  December  4, 
1868;  retired,  1874;  came  into  office 


288 


THE   HISTORY   OF  NATIONS 


again,  1880,  and  brought  the  Boer 
War  to  an  end;  effected  parliamen- 
tary reform;  tried  to  carry  his 
Home  Rule  Bill  for  Ireland  through 
Parliament,  but  was  defeated;  re- 
tired on  account  of  ill-health,  1894; 
died  at  Hawarden,  May  19,  1898,  and 
was  buried  in  Westminster  Abbey 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  11, 
614;  opposes  China  War,  620;  be- 
comes leader  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, 624;  first  ministry  of,  625;  sec- 
ond ministry  of,  633;  third  ministry 
of,  635;  fourth  ministry  of,  637;  his 
efforts  for  Home  Rule,  12,  238; 
quoted  on  the  United  States  Con- 
stitution, 23,  330 

Glamorgan,  Herbert,  Earl  of,  see 
Somerset,  Edward,  Marquis  of 
Worcester 

Glarean  (Heinrich  Loziti  of  Glarus) 
(1488-1563),  Swiss  poet,  musician 
and  scholar:  sketch  of,  13,  428 

Glasgow,  University  of,  Scotland: 
founded,  12,  296;  graduates  of,  in 
Constitutional    Convention,   23,   323 

Glass:  invention  of,  1,  133 

Glaucia,  Caius  Servilius  (d.  100  B.  C.)> 
Roman  demagogue:  leader  of  the 
populace,  3,  199;  rupture  with 
Marius  and  death,  201 

Glaucus  the  Spartan:  consults  the 
oracle  of  Delphi,  2,  44 

Glebov  (ca.  1720),  Russian  noble: 
death  of,  15,  76 

Glen  Fruin,  Scotland:  battle  of 
(1604),  12,  333 

Glencairn,  William  Cunningham,  Lord 
(ca.  1654),  Scotch  noble  and  com- 
mander: rising  of,  12,  344 

Glencoe,  Scotland:  massacre  of 
(1692),  11,  437,  12,  353 

Glendower,  Owen  (1359-1415),  Welsh 
noble  and  rebel:  leads  Welsh  re- 
volt, 11,  192;  forms  alliance  with 
France,   193 

Glenelg,  Lord  (1778-1866),  British 
politician:  attempts  to  manage  Ca- 
nadian affairs,  11,  596 

Glenshiel,  Scotland:  battle  of  (1719), 
12,  365 

Glimes,  Admiral  de  (d.  1574),  Spanish 
naval  officer:  death  of,  13,  116 


Gloucester,  England:  siege  of  (1643), 

11,  345 

Gloucester,  Gilbert  de  Clare,  Earl  of 
(1291-1314),  English  nobleman:  ap- 
pointed Elector,  11,  140;  quarrels 
with  Simon  de  Montfort,  141;  at 
battle  of  Evesham,  141 

Gloucester,  Humphrey,  Duke  of 
(1391-1447),  English  nobleman: 
regent  for  Henry  VI  in  England, 
II,  201;  marries  Jacqueline  of  Hol- 
land and  Hainault,  202;  feud  with 
Beaufort,  202;  opposes  peace  with 
France,  206;  charged  with  treason, 
207;  gives  nucleus  of  Bodleian  Li- 
brary, 238;  death  of,  207 

Gloucester,  Richard,  Duke  of:  see 
Richard  III,  King  of  England 

Gloucester,  Robert,  Earl  of  (d.  1147), 
English  noble  and  commander:  re- 
volt against  Stephen  I,  11,  94 

Gloucester,  Thomas,  Duke  of  (1355- 
I397)>  English  nobleman:  quarrels 
with  Richard  II,  II,  180;  takes  up 
arms  against  Richard,  181;  restored 
to  favor,  182;  plots  against  Richard, 
183;  murder  of,  184 

Gliick,  Christopher  Willibald  (1714- 
1788),  German  operatic  composer: 
sketch  of,  17,  261 

Glycerius,  Emperor  of  the  Western 
Empire,  473-474  A.  D.:  reign  of,  4, 
150 

Gneisenau,  August  Wilhelm  Anton, 
Count  Neidhardt  von  (1760-1831), 
Prussian  general:  defends  Colberg, 
18,  372;  his  efforts  to  liberate  Ger- 
many, 375 

Go  Huei,  General  (18th  century), 
Chinese  military  officer:  bribes  the 
Gurkhas,  6,  100 

Goa,  Portuguese  possession  in  India: 
captured  by  the  Portuguese  (1510), 
5,  149;  sieges  of  (1603),  152;  (1639), 
152;  under  Portuguese  rule,  20,  298 

God,  Peace  of  or  Truce  of:  see  Truce 
of  God 

Godaigo,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1319- 
1339:  reign  of,  7,  83 

Godard,  Louis  (living),  French  aero- 
naut: builds  the  Wellman  airship, 
16,  340 

Goddard,  Thomas   (d.   1783),  English 


GENERAL    INDEX 


289 


soldier  in  the  first  Maratha  War,  5, 

193 

Goderich,  Viscount:  see  Robinson, 
Frederich  John,  Earl  of  Ripon 

Godfrey,  Count  of  Ardenne  (9th  cen- 
tury A.  D.),  Norman  leader:  made 
governor  of  Lorraine,  13,  21 

Godfrey,  Duke  of  the  Normans  (ca. 
882  A.  D.),  French  noble:  makes  an 
agreement  with  the  Netherlands, 
13,  21 

Godfrey,  Sir  Edmond  Barry  (d.  1678), 
English  magistrate:  murder  of,  11, 
406 

Godfrey  de  Bouillon,  King  of  Jeru- 
salem, 1099-1100,  called  Defender 
and  Bawn  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre: 
born  at  Baisy,  Brabant,  1061;  creat- 
ed Duke  of  Lower  Lotharingar, 
1088;  joined  the  Crusaders,  1096; 
fought  at  the  siege  of  Jerusalem, 
July  15,  1099;  was  elected  King  of 
Jerusalem,  July  23,  1099;  completed 
the  conquest  of  the  Holy  Land  by 
the  battle  of  Ascalon,  August  12, 
1099;  died  at  Jerusalem,  July  18, 
1 100 

Leads  crusade,  9,  70,  II,  87,  13, 
29;  concludes  an  Armistice  with 
Koloman  II  of  Hungary,  17,  52,  18, 
138 

Godfrey  of  Eenham  (early  nth  cen- 
tury), Duke  of  Lower  Lorraine:  his 
expedition  against  the  Frisons,  13, 
24;  revolt  of,  18,  130;  concludes 
peace  with  the  empire,  131;  death 
of,  132 

Godfrey  of  Strasburg  (ca.  1256),  Ger- 
man poet:  sketch  of,  18,  178 

Godolphin,  Sidney,  Earl  of  (1635- 
1712),  English  statesman  and  finan- 
cier: sketch  of,  11,  453;  promotes 
union  between  Scotland  and  Eng- 
land, 12,  356 

Godoy,  Manuel  de  (1767-1851),  Span- 
ish statesman,  called  the  Prince  of 
Peace:  wins  his  sobriquet,  20,  140; 
influence  of,  9,  332;  administration 
of,  8,  481 

Gods,  Dynasty  of  the,  Egypt:  reign 
of,  1,  14 

"Godspeed,"  English  ship:  carries 
settlers  to  Virginia,  23,  57 


Godthaab,  Greenland:  foundation  of, 
16,  237 

Godunov,  Boris  Feodorovitch  (1552- 
1605),  Emperor  of  Russia,  1598- 
1605:  career  of,  15,  19,  20,  25 

Godwine  (d.  1053),  Earl  of  the  West 
Saxons:  wins  confidence  of  Cnut, 
XI>  59;  quarrels  with  Edward  the 
Confessor,  61;  restoration  of,  63; 
bribes  Harthaknud,  18,  33 

Goethe,  Johann  Wolfgang  von,  an  il- 
lustrious German  poet:  born  at 
Frankfort-on-the-Main,  August  28, 
1749;  entered  the  University  of 
Strasburg,  1770;  received  the  degree 
of  licentiate  of  law,  1771;  returned 
to  Frankfort,  and  wrote  "  Gotz  von 
Berlichingen "  and  "Sorrows  of 
Young  Werther,"  of  which  the  lat- 
ter attracted  universal  admiration; 
was  invited  by  Charles  Augustus, 
Grand  Duke  of  Saxe-Weimar,  to  his 
court,  which  was  the  beginning  of  a 
long  and  sincere  friendship;  broke 
away  from  the  gayety  of  court  life 
to  seek  the  solitude  of  Waldeck,  but 
was  recalled  by  the  Duke  and  ap- 
pointed to  an  official  position;  de- 
voted himself  to  study;  went  to 
Italy,  1786;  returned  to  Weimar, 
1788,  where  he  met  the  young 
woman,  who  afterwards  became  his 
wife;  took  part  in  the  invasion  of 
France  by  the  Prussian  army,  1792, 
and  displayed  great  courage;  be- 
came a  friend  of  the  poet  Schiller, 
1789;  produced  the  first  part  of 
"  Faust,"  1806;  finished  the  second 
part,  1830;  studied  and  wrote  until 
a  few  days  before  his  death,  which 
occurred  at  Weimar,  March  22,  1832 
Influence  of,  18,  333,  353 

Goffe,  William  (1605-1679),  New  Eng- 
land patriot:  repels  attack  on  Had- 
ley,  23,  98 

Gohier,  L.  Jerome  (1746-1830),  French 
revolutionist:  made  member  of  the 
directory,  9,  309 

Gohorikawa,  Emperor  of  Japan,  ca. 
1222:  accession  of,  7,  72 

Goignies,  Antoine  de  (ca.  1578),  Bel- 
gian commander:  his  campaign 
against  the  Spanish,  13,  130 


290 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Goislard  (ca.  1788),  French  royalist: 
arrest  of,  10,  35 

Goitia,  Colonel  (ca.  1836),  South 
American  soldier:  leads  revolution 
in  Bolivia,  21,  187 

Gokameyama,  Emperor  of  Japan,  ca. 
1393:  abdication  of,  7,  91 

Gokashiwabara,  Emperor  of  Japan, 
1501-1527:  reign  of,  7,  100 

Gokhale,   Gopal  Krishna    (1866 ), 

East  Indian  official:  president  of 
Indian  National  Congress,  5,  293 

Gokomatsu,  Emperor  of  Japan,  ca. 
1393:  accession  of,  7,  91 

Gokomyo,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1644- 
1655:  reign  of,  7,  132 

Gokteik  Viaduct,  India:  construction 
of,  5,  289 

Gold  and  Silver  Ratio  in  United 
States:  as  first  established,  23,  354; 
changed,  506;  in  Independent  Treas- 
ury Bill,  514 

Gold  Coast,  British  colony  in  Africa: 
trade  with  New  England,  23,  136 

Gold  Fields  of  South  Africa  Company, 
southern  Africa:  obtains  rights  in 
Matabeleland,  19,  223 

Gold  Mine  of  Europe,  The:  see  Tran- 
sylvania 

Gold  Standard  in  Japan:  established 
(1898),  7,  226 

Golden  Bull,  Bavarian  law  (1222), 
promulgated,  17,  56 

Golden  Bull  of  Charles  IV:  promul- 
gated (1346),  17,  116,  18,  193 

Golden  Fleece,  Order  of  the,  Spanish 
royal  honor:  introduced  into  the 
Netherlands,  13,  43 

Golden  Gate,  The  City  of  the:  see 
San  Francisco 

Golden  League,  league  of  Catholic 
states  (1586):  formed,  13,  458 

Golden  State,  The:  see  California 

Goldie,  Sir  George  Taubman  (19th 
century),  English  officer:  checks 
French  plans  for  Africa,  19,  152;  in- 
fluence of,  154;  made  vice-governor 
of  the  Royal  Niger  Company,  156 

Goldli,  George  (ca.  1531),  Swiss  com- 
mander: at  the  battle  of  Kappel,  13, 

444 
Goldoni,    Carlo     (1770-1793),     Italian 


dramatist:  leader  in  the  drama  of 
the  18th  century,  4,  339 

Goliad,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1836),  24, 
533 

Golovchino,  Russia:  battle  of  (1708), 
15,  47 

Golovkin,  Count  Gabriel  (early  18th 
century),  Russian  diplomatist: 
sketch  of,  15,  89;  in  the  supreme 
privy  council,  95;  under  Anne,  105, 
112;  under  Anna  Leopoldovna,  128, 
132;  arrested,  133;  banished,  137 

Golovnin,  Count  Feodor  Alexievitch 
(d.  1745),  Russian  statesman:  ac- 
companies Peter  the  Great  in  his 
travels,  15,  33;  becomes  minister  of 
public  instruction,  324;  at  the  battle 
of  Narva,  39 

Goloyken,  Count  (early  19th  century), 
Russian  statesman:  his  embassy  to 
China,  6,  120 

Goluchowski,  Count  Agenor  (1812- 
1875),  Austrian  statesman:  made 
prime  minister,  17,  386;  leads  the 
diet  of  Lemberg,  404;  gives  warning 
to  Turkey,  449;  -policy  of,  450 

G.  O.  M.  (The  Grand  Old  Man):  see 
Gladstone,  William  Ewart 

Gomarus,  Francis  (1563-1641),  a  Bel- 
gian Calvinistic  controversialist:  op- 
poses doctrines  of  Arminius,  13,  193 

Gomates  (ca.  500  B.  C),  King  of  the 
Medes  and  Persians:  usurps  the 
throne,  1,  162 

Gomensoro,  Tomas  (b.  1820),  Uru- 
guayan politician:  concludes  armis- 
tice with  insurgents,  21,  146 

Gomer:  see  Kimmerians 

Gomez  (19th  century),  Italian  con- 
spirator: attempts  to  assassinate 
Napoleon  III,  9,  449 

Gomez  (19th  century),  South  Ameri- 
can general:  made  president  of 
Venezuela,  21,  246 

Gomez,  Jose  Miguel  (ca.  1880),  Cu- 
ban general:  chosen  governor  of 
Santa  Clara,  22,  468;  refuses  to  ac- 
quiesce in  the  reelection  of  Palma, 
490 

Gomez,    Maximo    (1822 ),    Cuban 

soldier:  leads  Cuban  patriots,  22, 
453 


GENERAL    INDEX 


291 


Gominoo,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1612- 
1630:  grieves  over  power  of  the  no- 
bles, 7,  132 

Gomphi,  Thessaly:  siege  of  (48  B. 
C)  3,  348 

Gomurakami,  Emperor  of  Japan 
1339-1350:  reign  of,  7,  90 

Gonara,  Emperor  of  Japan,  ca.  1400 
reign  of,  7,  100 

Gondebaud,  King  of  Burgundy,  491- 
516  A.  D.:  at  war  with  Clovis,  9, 
19;  reign  of,  13,  337,  18,  63 

Gondelour,  India:  siege  of  (1783),  9, 
257 

Gondemar,  King  of  Burgundy,  524- 
534  A.  D. :  defeats  Clodomir,  9,  24 

Gondevald  (d.  584  A.  D.),  Frankish 
chief:   rebellion  of,  9,  29 

Gondi,  Paul  of  (1614-1679),  French 
prelate:  becomes  leader  of  parlia- 
mentary party,  9,  201;  removes 
Conde  from  power,  203;  arrested, 
206 

Gondomar  (ca.  1600),  Spanish  ambas- 
sador: negotiates  a  Spanish  alliance 
with  James  I   of  England,   II,  312 

313 

Gonds,  aboriginal  race  of  India:  de- 
scription of,   5,  28 

Gonijo,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1301-1308 
accession  of,  7,  83 

Gonsalo  de  Cordova:  see  Gonsalvo  de 
Cordova 

Gonsalves,  Alvaro  (d.  1360),  Portu- 
guese traitor:  death  of,  8,  289 

Gonsalvez,  Antonio  (ca.  1400),  Portu- 
guese explorer:  explorations  of,  19, 

17 

Gonsalvo  (Gonzalvo)  de  Cordova, 
Hernando  (1443-1515),  Spanish 
commander:  career  of,  8,  269;  his 
campaign  in  Italy,  9,  133;  serves  as 
a  military  model  for  Europe,  14, 
144 

Gonzaga,  Charles  de  (d.  1637),  Duke 
of  Nevers:  revolt  of,  9,  178;  be- 
comes Duke  of  Mantua  and  Mont- 
ferrat,  186 

Gonzales,  Texas:  battle  of  (1835),  24, 
532 

Gonzalez  (19th  century),  South  Amer- 
ican   commander:    attempts    to    aid 


Pezet  against  the  insurgents,  21, 
206 

Gonzalez,  Juan  G.  (19th  century),  a 
Paraguayan  politician:  made  Presi- 
dent (1890),  31,  260 

Gonzalez,  Manuel  (1833-1893),  Mexi- 
can general  and  statesman:  at  the 
battle  of  Lecoac,  22,  406;  his  ad- 
ministration as  president,  408;  death 
of,  410 

Gonzalvo  de  Cordova:  see  Gonsalvo 
de  Cordova 

Good  Duke  of  Argyle,  The:  see  Ar- 
gyle,  John  Campbell,  Duke  of  (1678- 

1743) 

Good  Emperors,  The  Five,  in  Rome 
70-180  A.  D. :  condition  of  Germany 
under,  18,  25;  see  also  Nerva,  Tra- 
jan, Hadrian,  Antoninus  Pius  and 
Marcus  Aurelius,  Roman  Emperors 

Good  Friend:  see  Napoleon  III,  Em- 
peror of  the  French 

Good  Hope,  Cape  of:  see  Cape  of 
Good  Hope 

Good  Lord  James:  see  Douglas,  Sir 
James 

Good  Parliament,  The,  the  English 
Parliament  of   1376,   11,   172 

Good  Queen  Anne:  see  Anne  of  Bo- 
hemia, Queen  of  Richard  II  of  Eng- 
land 

Good  Regent,  The:  see  Murray,  James 
Stewart,    Earl   of 

Good  Swordsman,  The:  see  Murat, 
Joachim 

Goodwin  Lands,  England:  battle  of 
(1652),  13,  230 

Goody  Palsgrave:  see  Elizabeth, 
Queen  of  Bohemia 

Gopher  State,  The:  see  Minnesota 

Gorchakov,  Prince  Alexander  (1798- 
1883),  Russian  statesman:  proclaims 
abrogation  cf  Treaty  of  Paris,  14, 
473;   at   Berlin   Congress,  487 

Gorchakov,  Prince  Mikhail  (1795- 
1861),  Russian  general:  in  the  Cri- 
mean War,  15,  317;  made  governor 
of  Poland,  324 

Gordian,  Emperor  of  Rome,  238-244 
A.  D.:  reign  of,  4,  109,  5,  317 

Gordium,  Asia  Minor:  Alexander  at, 
2,  490 


292 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Gordon,  Lady  Catherine  (ca.  1450), 
English  noblewoman:  marries  Per- 
kin  Warbeck,  11,  227,  12,  298 

Gordon,  Charles  George,  known  as 
Chinese  Gordon,  an  English  gen- 
eral: born  at  Woolwich,  England, 
January  28,  1833;  was  trained  at 
the  Royal  Military  Academy;  ad- 
mitted to  the  Royal  Engineers  in 
1852;  took  part  in  the  Crimean 
War;  served  in  China,  1860-1862, 
and  commanded  the  Chinese  forces 
in  the  Taeping  rebellion,  1863-1865; 
was  "  Governor-General  of  the 
Equator "  under  the  Khedive  of 
Egypt,  1874-1876,  and  governor-gen- 
eral of  the  Sudan,  1877-1880;  went 
to  Khartum,  1884,  and  took  com- 
mand of  the  Egyptian  forces;  was 
killed  in  the  storming  of  the  city, 
January  26,   1885 

Takes  command  of  Ever  Victori- 
ous Army,  6,  199;  captures  Kun- 
shan,  201;  retires  from  force,  202; 
retakes  command,  203;  resigns,  204; 
campaign  in  the  Sudan,  1,  40,  II, 
635,  19,  271 

Gordon,  Lord  George  (1751-1793), 
English  agitator:  leads  anti-Catho- 
lic mob,  11,  520 

Gordon,  George  Hamilton,  Earl  of 
Aberdeen:  see  Aberdeen,  George 
Hamilton  Gordon,  Earl  of 

Gordon,  John  Campbell  Hamilton, 
Earl  of  Aberdeen:  see  Aberdeen, 
John  Campbell  Hamilton,  Earl  of 

Gordon,  Patrick  (1 635-1 699),  Scottish 
officer:  career  of,  15,  28,  36 

Gordon,  Thomas  (ca.  1700),  Scottish 
soldier:  plots  of,   15,  66 

Goremkin,  Count  (19th  century),  Rus- 
sian statesman:  becomes  premier, 
15,  366 

Gorey,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1798),  12, 
211 

Gorgas,     William     Crawford      (1854 

),    American    soldier:    aids    in 

stamping  out  yellow  fever  in  Cuba, 
20,  329 

Gorgei,  Arthur  (1818 ),  Hunga- 
rian general:  in  the  Hungarian  in- 
surrection,  15,  300,  401;   surrenders 


to  the  Russians,  17,  372;  made  min- 
ister of  war  under  Kossuth,  372; 
imprisoned,  373 

Gorges,  Sir  Ferdinando  (1 566-1647), 
English  colonial  proprietor;  ap- 
pointed councilor,  23,  57;  secures 
grant  for  New  Hampshire,  95;  made 
palatine  of  Maine,  96;  purchase  of 
claims  of  heirs  of,  99 

Gorica,  Austria-Hungary:  united  with 
Hungary  and  Bohemia,  17,  4;  con- 
dition of  peasants  relieved  by  Maria 
Theresa,  259;   under   Napoleon,  300 

Goritz,  Austria-Hungary:  battle  of 
(1809),  9,  336 

Gorman,     Arthur     Pue      (1839 ), 

United  States  Senator:  defeats 
Force  Bill,  24,  971 

Gormden  Gamle  (ca.  860-935  A.  D.), 
King  of  Denmark:  career  of,  16, 
20;  his  aversion  to  Christianity,  28; 
at  war  with  Henry  I,  18,  107 

Gormlaith  (ca.  1000  A.  D.),  wife  of 
Brian  Boru;  incites  the  Danes,  12, 
42 

Gorni  Dubinck,  Turkey:  battle  of 
(1877),  15,  336 

Gortz,  Georg  Heindrich  von  (1668- 
1719),  Swedish  statesman:  arrest  of, 
I3»  253;  his  relations  with  Peter  the 
Great,  15,  65;  policy  of,  16,  223; 
in  the  Holstein-Gottorp  difficulty, 
236;  execution  of,  15,  66,  16,  225 

Gosaga,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1242- 
1246:  reign  of,  7,  83 

Gosai-in,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1655- 
1663:  reign  of,  7,  132 

Goshenland,  Africa:  founded,  19,  214 

Goshirakawa,  Emperor  of  Japan, 
1158:  accession  of,  7,  56 

Goslin  (ca.  850  A.  D.),  Bishop  of 
Paris:  saves  Paris,  9,  53 

Gosnold,  Bartholomew  (d.  1607),  Eng- 
lish navigator:  voyages  of,  23,  54 

Gosvinda  (ca.  550  A.  D.),  Queen  of 
Leovigild:  her  quarrel  with  Ingunda, 
8,  41 

Gotama:  see  Buddha 

Goteborg,  Sweden:  foundation  of,  16, 
172;  relief  of  (1788),  248 

Gotha,  Germany:  siege  of  (1567),  18, 
262 


GENERAL    INDEX 


293 


Goths,  early  Teutonic  race:  location 
of,  18,  6;  invade  Greece,  2,  529,  4, 
108;  sketches  of,  136,  8,  35,  17,  14; 
found  kingdom  in  Spain,  4,  145; 
depart  from  Italy,  162;  condition  of 
the  people  under,  8,  53;  their  con- 
quest of  Scandinavia,  16,  6;  settle- 
ments of,  34;  plunder  Roman  terri- 
tory, 18,  29;  make  treaty  with  Au- 
relian,  29;  end  of  power  of,  50 

Goths,  The  Apostle  of  the:  see  Ulfilas, 
Saint 

Gothus  (ca.  1550),  Archbishop  of 
Sweden:  accession  of,  16,  165 

Goto  Shojiro  (ca.  1850),  Japanese 
statesman:  counsels  war  with  Ko- 
rea, 7,  178;  reforms  of,  182;  at- 
tempts to  negotiate  treaties  with  Eu- 
ropean powers,   190 

Goto  Sukenori  (ca.  1400),  Japanese 
sculptor:    sketch    of,    7,    107 

Gotoba  (ca.  1200),  Emperor  of  Japan: 
plots  against  feudal  administration, 
7,  70  < 

Gotsuchimikado,  Emperor  of  Japan, 
1465-1501:  reign  of,  7,  100;  death  of, 
100 

Gottfried  (ca.  800  A.  D.),  King  of 
Denmark:  invades   Holstein,   18,  85 

Gottfried  (ca.  850  A.  D.),  Chief  of  the 
Norsemen:  marries  a  Carolingian 
princess,   17,  97 

Gotthelf,  Jeremiah  (1797-1854),  Swiss 
author:  sketch  of,  13,  584 

Gottorp,  Germany:  taken  by  the 
Danes,  16,  214 

Gouda,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1276-1288: 
at  war  with  the  Mongols,  7,  76 

Goudchaux,  Michel  (1801-1862), 
French  financier;  member  of  the 
provisional  government,  9,  435 

Gough,  Sir  Hugh  (1779-1869),  British 
general:  his  services  in  the  Opium 
War,  5,  213;  his  campaign  against 
the  Sikhs,  5,  221,  6,  137 

Goupil  (living),  French  aeronaut: 
associated  with  the  Wellman  Expe- 
dition,  16,  340 

Gourges,  Dominique  de  (i530-i593)> 
French  adventurer:  his  vengeance 
on  the  Spaniards,  20,  82,  23,  48 


Government   and    Constitutional    De- 
velopment: 

AFRICA:  Cape  Colony,  19,  51,  20, 
223;   French  West  Africa,  20,  281; 
German   South   Africa,   303;    Congo 
Free    State,    13,   311,    19,    119,    122, 
250,  20,  299;  Liberia,  %o,  49;  Mada- 
gascar,  19,  211,  20,  278;   Rhodesia, 
20,  260;  Togoland,  19,  180;  Trans- 
vaal, 11,  41,  19,  276,  283,  20,  234 
ALGERIA:   French  rule,  20,  280 
ARABIA:  causes  of  the  fall  of  the 
Saracen   Empire,  1,  364,  365 
AUSTRALIA:    under    British   rule, 
11,    630,    20,    195;    self-government 
of,  20,  203,  342 

AUSTRIA  -  HUNGARY:  Golden 
Bull  (1222),  17,  56;  organization 
under  Leopold,  186;  Bohemia  in 
1300,  83;  Bohemian  Constitution  of 
1627,  209;  under  Maria  Theresa, 
258;  constitution  of  1848,  378;  of 
i860,  386;  of  1867,  398,  400 
BABYLONIA  and  ASSYRIA:  as 
a  firm  kingdom  (2200  B.  C),  1,  77; 
under  the  Second  Empire,  82;  an 
absolute  monarchy,  113 
CANADA:  a  British  royal  govern- 
ment (1791),  20,  131,  151,  155;  Upper 
and  Lower  Canada  united,  11,  596; 
administration  under  Lord  Elgin 
(1847-1854),  20,  159;  constitution  of 
1867,  11,  629,  20,  165,  171,  177,  342 
CARTHAGE:  main  treatment,  3, 
94,  96 

CENTRAL  AMERICA:  attempt  at 
uniting  the  five  republics,  22,  438; 
republic  of  Panama  organized 
(1904),  20,  333,  24,  1060 
CHINA:  organization  in  (900  B. 
C),  6,  8;  absence  of  constitutional 
unity  (1790),  103;  reforms  attempt- 
ed, 319,  322 

CUBA:  under  Spanish  rule,  20,  325, 
24,  1023;  constitution  of '  1895,  22, 
453;  under  United  States  protection, 
20,  330,  22,  463,  24,  1032,  1045;  in- 
auguration of  the  Republic  (1902), 
22,  468 

EAST  INDIES:  Dutch,  20,  295; 
French,  20,  272 


294* 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


EGYPT:  its  division  into  districts 
(3000  B.  C),  1,  9;  policy  of  the 
Ptolemies,  3,  137;  becomes  a  Roman 
province,  1,  35.  2,  522;  under  the 
rule  of  Arabia,  1,  298;  under  Turk- 
ish rule,  1,  36,  14,  134;  under  Brit- 
ish protection,  x,  40,  II,  638,  19, 
269,  273,  20,  262 

ENGLAND:  a  Roman  province,  4, 
75,  11,  10,  13,  clan  system  (500  A. 
D.),  11,  22;  in  7th  century,  A.  D., 
33,  39;  growth  of  king's  power  (975 
A.  D.),  51;  under  William  the  Con- 
queror, 80,  81;  the  Great  Council, 
under  Henry  II,  99;  growth  of  the 
power  of  the  state  under  Richard  I 
115;  Magna  Carta  (1215),  127;  first 
representative  Parliament  (1265), 
140;  rise  of  the  Commons  (1322), 
154,  182;  separation  of  the  two 
Houses  of  Parliament  (1341),  162; 
absolute  rule  under  Richard  II 
(i399)>  184;  Act  of  Appeals  and 
Act  of  Treasons  under  Henry  VIII, 
250,  254;  Act  of  Succession  under 
Henry  VIII,  256;  Act  of  Suprem- 
acy, under  Elizabeth,  275;  the  Privy 
Council  and  Charles  I,  323;  Peti- 
tion of  Right  under  Charles  I,  325; 
the  Star  Chamber  (1630),  329; 
"Long  Parliament"  (1640),  337, 
339;  the  Commonwealth,  367,  368, 
371;  popular  charters  confirmed  un- 
der Charles  II,  379;  Conventicle 
Act  and  Act  of  Settlement  under 
Charles  II,  385,  390;  Charles  II  and 
the  Cabal,  395;  recall  of  the  Dec- 
laration, 398;  Royalist  Parliament 
(1673),  398;  Catholics  excluded  from 
both  Houses  (1678),  407;  Exclusion 
Bill  relating  to  the  Succession,  408; 
constitutional  progress  under 
Charles  II,  416;  Ecclesiastical  Com- 
mission Court  (1686),  424;  Declara- 
tion of  Indulgence  under  James  II, 
426;  Declaration  of  Rights  (1688), 
431;  Toleration  Act  under  William 
and  Mary,  435;  Whigs  under  Wil- 
liam, 441;  Triennial  Act  of  1694, 
442;  restoration  of  coinage  (1695), 
444;  Act  of  Settlement  (1701),  449; 
Whig  ministry   under  William   and 


under  Anne,  458;  growing  strength 
of  the  Cabinet  and"  Parliament,  468, 
478;  Pelham's  ministry  under 
George  II,  486;  supremacy  of  the 
Cabinet  under  George  II,  490;  Pitt's 
ministry  under  George  III,  504;  Par- 
liament passes  Stamp  Act,  509;  the 
colonial  system,  514;  Pitt's  reforms 
under  George  III,  530,  551;  Parlia- 
ment under  George  IV,  583;  Reform 
Bill  of  1831,  587,  589;  postal  reform 
(1840),  597;  Peel's  ministry  under 
Victoria,  602,  604;  Reform  Bill  of 
1866,  624;  Ballot  Act  (1872),  627; 
Salisbury's  ministry,  635;  depend- 
encies (Ceylon),  20,  251;  (Gibral- 
tar), 254;  (Hong-Kong),  255; 
(Mauritius),  263 

FRANCE  (GAUL):  of  the  Celtic 
tribes,  3,  296,  9,  7;  a  Roman  prov- 
ince, 9,  11;  under  Clovis,  22;  in 
8th  century  A.  D.,  38;  under  Char- 
lemagne, 45;  under  the  feudal  sys- 
tem, 63;  an  absolute  monarchy,  9, 
214, 10,  4,  9,  11,  539;  the  States-Gen- 
eral (1789),  10,  41;  the  Assembly 
(1789),  74,  82,  85,  87,  88;  provisions 
of  the  Assemblies,  9,  258,  268, 
10,  89;  reorganization  under  the  As- 
sembly, 10,  103,  105;  constitution 
of  1 791,  145,  147,  148;  the  revolution- 
ary commune  (1792),  201;  the  na- 
tional Convention  (1792-1793),  215, 
252;  revolutionary  power  (1793), 
280,  302;  constitution  of  1795,  351, 
353,  362;  under  the  Directory  (1795- 
1797),  10,  370,  400,  11,  544;  under 
the  Consulate,  9,  315,  10,  432,  434, 
18,  363;  constitution  of  1802,  10, 
453;  under  the  First  Empire,  461; 
the  senatorial  constitution  (1814), 
9.  350,  356;  constitution  of  1848,  9, 
442;  under  the  Third  Republic,  471, 
473;  constitution  of  1875,  479,  480 
GERMANY:  tribal  system,  18,  8, 
56;  under  Charlemagne  (800  A.  D.), 
86;  Golden  Bull  (1356),  193;  admin- 
istrative system  under  Maximilian, 
228;  under  Napoleon,  371;  decen- 
tralization (1848),  297,  308;  the  Em- 
pire (1870),  428 
GREECE:  in  Homeric  times,  2,  34, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


295 


36;  ephors  in  Sparta,  73;  cities  un- 
der the  "Tyrants"  (600  B.  C),  95; 
oligarchy  at  Athens,  99;  Athens  un- 
der Solon's  constitution,  104;  Ath- 
ens under  the  reforms  of  Cleisthe- 
nes  (508  B.  C),  146;  archonship 
ceases  to  be  elective,  174;  demo- 
cratic reforms  at  Athens  (458  B. 
C.)»  239;  Athens  under  the  Four 
Hundred  (411  B.  C),  358;  Athens 
under  Spartan  rule  (404  B.  C.)»  384; 
under  Macedonian  rule  (338  B.  C), 
479,  512;  under  Roman  rule,  521; 
under  Mohammedan  rule,  537;  an 
independent  monarchy,  545;  consti- 
tution of  1864,  549 
HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS:  under  na- 
tive rule,  20,  308;  under  the  United 
States,  20,  310,  24,  997 
INDIA:  under  native  and  British 
rule,  5,  20;  in  the  time  of  the  Rig- 
Veda,  38;  under  Mohammedan  rule, 
96;  under  Akbar,  the  Mogul,  ill, 
115;  under  British  rule,  5,  128,  137, 
11,  527,  529;  under  Portuguese  con- 
trol, 5,  150,  8,  330;  colonial  empire 
of  the  Dutch,  5,  155;  under  Warren 
Hastings,  192;  under  English  gov- 
ernment and  the  British  East  India 
Company,  194;  under  the  vice  regal 
control  of  England,  240 
IRELAND:  tribal  system,  12,  18, 
21;  under  English  rule  (1173),  51; 
Poyning's  Law  (1494),  74;  Assem- 
bly of  1642,  119;  agrarian  legislation 
(1665),  130;  Parliament  declares  it- 
self independent  (1693),  155;  di- 
vision in  the  Parliament,  177;  con- 
cessions gained  (1782),  11,  522,  12, 
185,  188;  parliamentary  reform,  12, 
191,  216;  union  with  England,  217; 
Parnell's  platform,  237;  Home  Rule, 
239,  243 

ISRAEL  and  JUDAH:  as  a  tribal 
organization,  1,  378;  under  David 
and  Solomon,  384,  387,  389;  Judah, 
under  Persian  control  (500  B.  C.)» 
403;  under  the  Sanhedrim  (50  A. 
D.),  4,  78 

ITALY:  early  Latium,  3,  9,  12,  16, 
20,  21;  Etruria,  24;  under  Charle- 
magne,   4,     175;    Sicily    under    the 


Normans,  185;  under  Frederick  Bar- 
barossa,  192,  196;  in  the  republican 
cities  of  the  12th  and  13th  centuries, 
209,  210;  at  Florence  (13th  century), 
4,  226,  228;  Venice  (600-1400),  246, 
249;  under  Victor  Amadeus  (1720), 
331;  under  Napoleon's  governments, 
4,  345,  348,  18,  371;  Rome  under  the 
Papal  power  (1848-1859),  4,  369; 
Naples  under  the  dictatorship  of 
Garibaldi  (i860),  383;  a  united  mon- 
archy (1870),  396,  397;  see  also 
ROME 

JAPAN:  by  local  rule  (150  A.  D.), 
7,  11;  public  offices  in  the  hands  of 
guilds  (600  A.  D.),  19;  reforms  in 
(645  A.  D.),  23,  24;  feudal  system 
organized  (1190),  67,  68;  adminis- 
trative system  (1600),  114,  129,  133; 
end  of  the  feudal  system  (1868), 
170,  173;  local  administration  (1868), 
174;  Constitution  of  1890,  185,  186, 
201;  imperial  diet,  205,  207 
MEXICO:  under  the  Aztecs,  22, 
84;  as  a  Spanish  province,  98;  freed 
from  Spain,  becomes  a  republic,  8, 
519;  constitution  of  1824,  22,  263, 
279,  381 

NETHERLANDS:  Belgium,  a  Ro- 
man province,  13,  9;  under  Charle- 
magne, 17,  18;  under  Charles  V,  63; 
under  Philip  II,  71,  75,  105;  the 
States-General,  123,  134;  declared 
free  (1609),  189;  States-General 
(1701),  248;  as  the  Batavian  repub- 
lic, 266;  constitution  of  1815,  285; 
Belgium  an  independent  kingdom, 
304;  Thorbecke's  ministry,  315;  con- 
stitutional reforms  (1848),  20,  293 
PERSIA:  rise  of  a  single  monarchy 
(625  B.  C.)>  I,  158;  under  Darius, 
1,  164,  2,  130;  under  Macedonian 
rule,  5,  315;  under  Parthian  rule, 
315;  under  Sassania  dynasty  (580 
A.  D.),  319;  under  Mohammedan 
rule  (643-1502),  326;  under  the  Sa- 
fawi  dynasty  (1502-1733),  340;  pres- 
ent form,  372 

PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS:  under 
Spanish  rule,  20,  312;  under  United 
States  rule,  20,  318,  355,  24,  1033, 
1036,  1043 


296 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


PHOENICIA:  founded  on  an  oli- 
garchy of  wealth,  I,  134 
POLAND:  aristocratic  republic  (ca. 
1500),  15,  377  \  divided  among  Rus- 
sia, Prussia,  and  Austria  before 
1800,  371 

PORTUGAL:  under  a  liberal  con- 
stitution (1820),  9,  373;  constitution 
of  1822,  8,  534;  present  constitution, 

539 

ROME:  the  end  of  the  monarchy 
(509  B.  C)»  3,  30;  magistrates  of 
the  Republic,  32;  as  a  Republic,  33, 
35.  4*>  96;  with  the  Senate  as  the 
governing  power,  53;  the  colonies  of 
Rome,  83,  85;  by  the  city  officials, 
154;  appearance  of  the  new  demo- 
cratic spirit,  158;  under  popular 
leaders,  191;  under  the  Gracchan 
reforms,  200;  under  the  Sullan  con- 
stitution, 233;  collapse  of  oligarchic 
rule,  269;  under  the  Triumvirate, 
313;  in  the  time  of  Caesar,  368,  390, 
393;  under  Augustus,  4,  30,  40;  after 
Augustus,  103;  under  Diocletian, 
114,  115;  under  the  pontifical  power, 
4,  172;  see  also  ITALY 
RUSSIA:  in  the  9th  century  A.  D., 
I5»  6,  7;  constitution  of  1730,  105; 
reforms  under  Nicholas  II,  357,  360, 

36s,  367 

SAMOA:  under  the  United  States, 
20,  321,  24,  978 

SCANDINAVIA:  early  tribal  sys- 
tem, 16,  11,  12;  Union  of  Calmar 
(i397)»  1255  Sweden  under  Gustav 
Adolph,  178;  monarchy  becomes 
hereditary  in  Denmark  (1665),  232; 
reforms  under  Oscar  of  Sweden, 
277,  279 

SCOTLAND:  under  Irish  rule,  12, 
38;  dependent  on  English  king 
(1174),  266;  of  the  cities  (1150), 
270;  under  English  rule  (1303),  276; 
an  independent  kingdom  (1314- 
1603),  282,  292,  308,  310,  329;  under 
the  Commonwealth,  343;  Privy 
Council  of  1661,  345;  union  with 
England,  356,  371 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  Argentine 
Republic,  21,  119,  128;  Brazil,  under 
Portuguese   sovereignty    (1534),   37; 


kingdom  of  Brazil  (1815),  20,  299, 
21,  164,  169,  171,  172;  republic  of 
Brazil  (1889),  8,  519,  20,  299,  21, 
253;  Chilian  constitution  of  1833, 
21,  216;  Colombia  as  a  republic 
(1821),  yy,  Peru,  under  Spanish 
sovereignty,  41;  Peruvian  constitu- 
tion of  i860,  200;  Uruguay's  consti- 
tution of  1830,  137;  present  consti- 
tution of  Venezuela,  246 
SPAIN:  Roman  province,  3,  136, 
8,  28;  under  the  Visigoths,  8,  54; 
under  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  185, 
193;  constitution  of  1869,  511;  con- 
stitution of  1886,  517;  Canary 
Islands,  19,  248 

SWITZERLAND:  as  a  Roman 
province,  13,  330;  under  Charle- 
magne, 340;  under  the  German  Em- 
pire, 349,  353;  as  a  Confederation 
(1390),  13,  384,  414;  (1500),  423; 
Calvin's  ecclesiastical  system  (1541), 
449;  aristocratic  systems,  467,  474, 
497;    constitutions    of    1798,    9,    306, 

13,  512,  515,  5i8;  of  1815,  528;  of 
1830,  532,  539;  of  1848,  13,  553;  of 
1874,  565,  583 

SYRIA:   as   a    Roman   province,   1, 

409,  413 

TIBET:   under   nominal   suzerainty 

of  China,  5,  377 

TURKEY:    an    absolute    monarchy, 

14,  89,  91,  92;  local  self-government, 
97;  in  the  18th  century,  364;  reforms 
of  1876,  478,  491 

UNITED  STATES:  Spanish  rule, 
23,  43;  charters  granted  in  Virginia, 
56,  59,  62;  annulled  (1624),  63;  Vir- 
ginia under  the  Commonwealth,  64; 
Maryland  as  a  proprietary  govern- 
ment, 69;  legislature  in  Maryland 
made  bicameral,  71;  Georgia  a  royal 
province  (1752),  82;  Massachusetts 
Bay  charter,  87;  Connecticut  char- 
ter (1662),  93;  charter  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 111;  colonies  before  the  Rev- 
olution, 20,  107,  no;  general  colo- 
nial system,  23,  116;  Stamp  Act 
passed  (1765),  210;  repealed  (1766), 
214;  Boston  Port  Bill  (1774),  220; 
Massachusetts  charter  annulled 
(1774),  220;  First  Continental  Con- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


297 


gress,  222;  Second  Continental  Con- 
gress, 229,  299;  Articles  of  Confed- 
eration, 301;  constitution  (1787),  23, 
324,  24,  1088;  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory (1789),  23,  319;  organization 
of  departments,  344;  Federalist 
measures  under  John  Adams,  376; 
Republican  reforms  (1801),  388; 
Monroe  Doctrine  (1823),  447;  South 
Carolina  convention  (i860),  24,  685; 
Southern  Confederacy,  695;  Recon- 
struction (1865),  834,  836,  844;  Ten- 
ure of  Office  Act  (1867),  850; 
Alaska,  20,  306,  24,  878;  civil  serv- 
ice reform  (1883),  24,  938;  presi- 
dential succession  (1886),  953;  natu- 
ralization laws  reformed  (1906), 
1083 

WEST  INDIES:  Dutch,  20,  286; 
Porto  Rico  under  the  United  States, 
20,  324,  24,  1035,  1040;  see  also 
CUBA 

Government  of  India,  Act  for  the  Bet- 
ter  (1858),  s,  240,   11,  527 

Governors,  American  Colonial:  ap- 
pointment of,  23,  116;  tenure  of 
office  of,  116;  salary  of,  116;  powers 
of,  117;  powers  limited,  121 

Gower,  John  (ca.  1325-1408),  English 
poet:  his  poetry,  II,  187 

Gowrie,  William  Ruthven,  Earl  of  (d. 
1584),  English  conspirator:  forcibly 
detains  James  VI  of  Scotland,  12, 
325 

Gowrie  Conspiracy,  The:  against 
James  VI  of  Scotland,  by  Earl  of 
Gowrie   (1600),  12,  328 

Graaf  Reinet,  Cape  Colony:  magis- 
tracy established  at,  19,  37 

Grabe,  General  (ca.  1800),  Russian 
soldier:  his  campaign  in  the  Cau- 
casus,  15,   298 

Gracchus,  Gaius  Sempronicus  (159- 
121  B.  C),  Roman  statesman:  re- 
forms of,  3,  171;  death  of,  184;  his 
schemes  revived,  200;  his  principles 
adopted  by  Caesar,  366 

Gracchus,  Tiberius  Sempronius  (210- 
158  B.  C),  Roman  general:  his  rule 
in  Spain,  3,  136 

Gracchus,  Tiberius  Sempronius  (168- 


133  B.  C.)»  Roman  politician:  re- 
forms of,  3,   171;  death,   176 

Grace,  Richard  (ca.  1650),  Irish  gov- 
ernor: defends  Athlone,  12,  144 

Grace,  Act  of,  granting  amnesty  to 
Scottish  rebels    (1717),    12,   364 

Gradac,  Austria-Hungary:  battle  of 
(1878),  17,  423 

Gradiska  (Gradisca),  Austria-Hun- 
gary: united  with  Hungary  and  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  4;  condition  of  peasants 
relieved  by  Maria  Theresa,  259 

Graeco-Turkish  War,  war  between 
Turkey  and  Greece  (1897):  causes 
of,  14,  504;  battles  of  Metuna  Pass, 
504;  Domokos,  505;  ended  by  Treaty 
of  Constantinople,  505;  results  of, 
2,  548,  14,  505 

Graf,  Michael  (ca.  1400),  Swiss  offi- 
cer: opposes  Reding,  13,  398 

Graff,  Frau:  see  Merian,  Maria  Sibylla 

Grafton,  Augustus  Henry  Fitzroy, 
Duke  of  (1736-1811),  English  noble- 
man: becomes  nominally  Prime 
minister,  11,  510 

Graham,  James,  Marquis  of  Montrose: 
see  Montrose,  James  Graham,  Mar- 
quis of 

Graham,  Sir  James  Robert  George 
(1792-1861),  British  statesman: 
member  of  Peel's  ministry,  II,  602 

Graham,  John  (1643-1689),  Scottish 
soldier:  attacks  covenanters,  12, 
348 

Graham,  Sir  Robert  (d.  1437),  Scotch 
nobleman:  conspires  against  James 
I  of  Scotland,  12,  292 

Gramont,  Antoine  Agenor  Alfred 
(1819-1880),  French  diplomat:  made 
minister  of  foreign  affairs,  9,  461; 
in  the  Franco-Prussian  war,  18,  416 

Gran,  Hungary:  taken  by  the  Mon- 
gols   (1241),   17,   58 

Granada,  Spain:  massacre  of  the 
Jews,  I,  417;  conquest  of,  by  Chris- 
tians, 8,  124,  23,  29;  battle  of  (1319), 
8,  159;  siege  of  (1810),  9,  337 

Granada,  Kingdom  of:  history  of,  8, 
104 

Granada,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
France  and  Spain   (1500),  9,  133 


298 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Granadine  Confederation:  see  Colom- 
bia 

Granary  of  Europe,  The:  see  Hun- 
gary 

Granary  of  Turkey,  The:  see  Egypt 

Grand,  Johan  (ca.  1300),  Archbishop 
of  Lund:  account  of,  16,  111 

Grand  Alliance,  The,  formed  between 
the  Emperor,  England,  and  Hol- 
land against  France  and  Spain 
(1701),  11,  451,  13,  247 

Grand  Banks,  Newfoundland:  fre- 
quented by  English  fishermen,  23, 
51;   fisheries  off,  443 

Grand  Bassam,  Africa:  claimed  by 
France,  19,  49 

Grand  Champ,  France:  battle  of 
(1800),  10,  441 

Grand  Corrupter,  The:  see  Walpole, 
Robert 

Grand  Gulf,  Mississippi:  in  Vicksburg 
campaign,  24,  776 

Grand  Model:  see  Fundamental  Con- 
stitution 

Grand  Monarque,  Le:  see  Louis  XIV, 
King  of  France 

Grand  Old  Man:  see  Gladstone,  Wil- 
liam Ewart 

Grand  Remonstrance,  The,  protest 
passed  in  House  of  Commons,  Eng- 
land  (1641),  11,  341 

Grandella,  Italy:  battle  of  (1266),  9, 
84 

Grand-Pre  Proclamation,  the  English 
decree  exiling  the  people  of  Aca- 
dia (1755),  23,  81 

Grandson  (Granson),  Switzerland: 
taken  by  the  French  (1475),  13, 
407;  battle  of  (1476),  9,  124,  13,  47, 
408,  18,  217 

Graneikos,  Persia:  battle  of,  1,  168 

Grange  (d.  1573),  Scotch  commander: 
at  battle  of  Langside,  12,  319;  death 
of,  324 

Grangers  or  Patrons  of  Husbandry, 
an  organization  in  the  United  States 
to  promote  the  interests  of  the 
farming  class:  rise  of,  24,  917 

Granlcus,  river  in  Asia  Minor:  battle 
of  the  (ca.  335  B.  C),  2,  488 

Granite  State,  The:  see  New  Hamp- 
shire 


Grant,  James  Augustus  (1 827-1 892), 
Scotch  explorer  of  Africa:  arouses 
an  interest  in  Africa,  19,  59 

Grant,  Sir  James  Hope  (1808-1875), 
British  general:  his  expedition  to 
China,  6,  171,  9,  451 

Grant,  Ulysses  S.,  an  American  gen- 
eral and  eighteenth  President  of 
the  United  States:  born  at  Point 
Pleasant,  Ohio,  April  27,  1822;  was 
graduated  at  West  Point,  1843; 
served  in  the  Mexican  War,  1846- 
1848;  settled  at  St.  Louis;  went  to 
Galena,  Illinois,  i860;  became 
colonel,  1861,  then  brigadier-gen- 
eral; captured  Fort  Donelson,  1862, 
and  received  the  appointment  of 
major-general  of  volunteers;  put  in 
command  of  the  Army  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  West  Tennessee,  and  won 
the  battles  of  Shiloh  and  Iuka;  be- 
came commander  of  the  department 
of  the  Tennessee;  captured  Vicks- 
burg, 1863;  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  major-general  in  the  regular 
army;  was  put  in  command  of  the 
Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi; 
won  the  battle  of  Chickamauga, 
Nov.  23-25,  1863;  appointed  lieuten- 
ant-general and  became  commander 
of  all  the  Union  armies;  received  the 
surrender  of  Lee  at  Appomattox 
Court-House,  1865;  appointed  to  the 
specially  created  grade  of  General  of 
the  Army  of  the  United  States; 
became  secretary  of  war  ad  interim, 
1867,  but  gave  it  up  against  the  will 
of  Johnson,  1868;  received  the  nom- 
ination to  the  Presidency  and  was 
elected  by  a  large  majority,  1868; 
reelected,  1873;  made  a  tour  of  the 
Old  World  and  was  given  ovations 
everywhere;  died  of  cancer  at  Mount 
McGregor,  near  Saratoga  Springs,  N. 
Y.,  July  23,  1885 

In  Mexican  War,  24,  554;  visits 
Japan,  7,  191;  sends  troops  into 
Kentucky,  24,  742;  commands  forces 
at  Cairo,  Illinois,  743;  captures  Fort 
Henry,  744;  captures  Fort  Don- 
elson, 745;  early  life,  746;  at  battle 
of    Pittsburg    Landing,    747;    with 


GENERAL    INDEX 


299 


Rosecrans  in  North  Mississippi, 
773;  in  siege  of  Vicksburg,  775;  re- 
ceives surrender  of  Vicksburg,  778; 
ordered  to  Chattanooga,  784;  made 
lieutenant-general,  786;  his  theory  of 
war,  787;  changes  plan  against  Lee, 
788;  tactics  criticized,  790;  urges 
Thomas  to  attack,  804;  favors  Lee's 
overtures  for  peace,  811;  receives 
Lee's  surrender,  812;  approves  Lin- 
coln's reconstruction  plans,  836; 
made  full  general,  846;  Secretary 
of  War  ad  interim,  850;  quarrels 
with  President  Johnson,  850;  nom- 
inated for  President,  857;  elected 
President,  860;  inaugurated,  861; 
favors  annexation  of  Dominican  Re- 
public, 879;  settlement  of  Alabama 
claims,  881,  883;  summary  of  his 
first  term,  889;  renominated  for 
President  (1872),  892;  second  in- 
auguration, 894;  approves  the  Re- 
sumption Act,  900;  strengthens  mili- 
tary forces  about  Washington,  911; 
urged  for  third  term,  925;  his  ef- 
forts to  check  spoils  system,  938; 
appoints  canal  commission,  1056; 
death,  962  note;  Roosevelt's  Presi- 
dential majority  compared  to  that 
of,  1072 

Granvelle,  Antoine  Pierrenot  de  (1517- 
1586),  Spanish  ecclesiastic  and 
statesman,  Bishop  of  Arras:  influ- 
ences Margarita  of  Parma,  8,  357; 
his  speech  before  the  estates,  13, 
72;  made  Primate  of  the  Low  Coun- 
tries, 77;  conspiracy  against,  78; 
recalled  from  the  Netherlands,  81; 
proposes  the  murder  of  William  of 
Orange,  135  note 

Granville,  France:  battle  of  (1793), 
10,  276 

Granville,  Lord  (ca.  1704),  English 
churchman  in  America:  proprietor 
of  South   Carolina,  23,   78 

Granville,  George  Leveson-Gower, 
Earl  of  (1815-1891),  English  states- 
man: negotiates  the  Congo  Treaty, 

19,  75 
Granville,  John  Cartaret,  Earl  of:  see 
Carteret,  John,  Earl  of  Granville 


Grasse,     Frangois    Joseph     Paul    de 

(1723-1788),  French  admiral:  in 
American  War,  9,  256,  23,  284;  de- 
feated by  Admiral  Rodney,  11,  522 

Gratian  (359-383  A.  D.),  Roman  Em- 
peror, 367-383  A.  D.:  reign  of,  4, 
132 

Grattan,  Henry,  an  Irish  statesman 
and  orator:  born  at  Dublin,  July  3, 
1746;  was  educated  at  Trinity  Col- 
lege and  afterwards  studied  law  in 
London;  became  representative  of 
the  borough  of  Charlton  in  the 
Irish  Parliament,  1775;  received 
fifty  thousand  pounds  from  the  Irish 
Parliament  in  recognition  of  his 
public  services;  opposed  the  propo- 
sitions concerning  trade  between 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  called 
Orde's  Propositions,  and  they  were 
given  up  through  his  influence;  rep- 
resented Dublin  in  Parliament,  1790, 
and  supported  the  bill  for  Catholic 
emancipation;  retired  for  a  short 
time,  but  took  his  seat  again  to  op- 
pose the  union  of  Ireland  with 
Great  Britain;  became  a  member 
of  the  Imperial  Parliament,  1805; 
refused  the  office  of  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer;  went  to  London  to 
present  a  petition  to  the  British 
Parliament,  and  died  there,  June  4, 
1820 

Leader  of  the  Patriot  Party,  12, 
177;  withdraws  from  Parliament, 
208;  opposes  Union,  217;  labors  for 
Catholic   emancipation,  220 

Gratton's  Parliament,  name  given  to 
the  Irish  Parliament  of  1783,  12, 
190 

Gratz,  Austria-Hungary:  progress  of 
the  Reformation  at,  17,  178;  influ- 
ence of  the  Jesuits  in,  180 

Grau,  Miguel  (1834-1879),  Peruvian 
naval  officer:  in  the  war  with  Chili, 
21,  235 

Grauholz,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1798),    13,    5ii 

Grave,  Belgium:  battle  of  (1586),  13, 
151;  surrenders  to  the  States-Gen- 
eral, 178 


800 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Gravelines,  France:  battle  of  (1558), 
9,  148,  II,  297,  13,  70 

Gravelotte,  France:  battle  of  (1870), 
9,  464,  18,  422 

Graves,  Thomas  (1725-1802),  British 
admiral:  attacks  French  fleet  in 
Chesapeake   Bay,  23,  285 

Gray,    George    (1840 ),    American 

legislator:  member  of  Spanish- 
American  peace  commission,  24, 
103 1 

Gray,  Robert  (1757-1806),  American 
sailor  and  discoverer:  discoveries 
of,  24,  541 

Grayson,  William  J.  (18th  century), 
American  politician  and  poet:  in 
first   Congress,  23,  343 

Great  Charter  of  Virginia,  Govern- 
ment   of    Virginia:    history    of,    23, 

63 

Great  Commoner,  The:  see  Pitt,  Wil- 
liam, Earl  of  Chatham 

Great  Contract,  agreement  between 
King  James  of  England  and  the 
House  of  Commons  (1610),  II,  310 

Great  Duke,  The:  see  Wellington,  Ar- 
thur Wellesley,  Duke  of 

Great  Elector,  The:  see  Frederick  Wil- 
liam, the  Great  Elector  of  Branden- 
burg 

Great  Gemot,  The,  Assembly  of  Eng- 
lishmen (1086):  William  the  Con- 
queror convokes,  II,  80 

Great  Indian  Peninsular  Railways,  In- 
dia: opened,   5,   223 

Great  Kanawha  River,  United  States: 
French  claims  of,  23,  169 

Great  Lakes,  United  States:  French 
explorations,  23,  167 

Great  Meadows,  Ohio:  battle  of 
(1757),  23,  172 

Great  Northern  Railroad,  United 
States:  United  States  Supreme 
Court  decision  respecting,  24,  972 

Great  Pan,  The:  see  Voltaire 

Great  Plains,  Africa:  battle  of  (204 
B.  C),  3,  130 

Great  Pyramid  of  Gizeh,  The,  Egypt 
built,  1,  16 

Great  Schism,  The,  division  in  the 
Catholic  Church   (1738),  11,   173 

Great   Sword    Society,    The,    a    semi- 


religious  organization  of  Chinese, 
6,  297 

Great  Wall,  The,  China:  description 
of,  6,  11 

Grebel,  Konrad  (ca.  1523),  Swiss 
churchman:  teachings  of,  13,  437 

Greco-Turkish  War:  see  Graeco- 
Turkish  War 

Greece,  History  of:  geography,  2,  3; 
Aegean  civilization:  origin  of  the 
Greek  nationality,  20;  Homeric 
poems  and  the  Greeks  of  the  Ho- 
meric age,  29;  religion  of  the 
Greeks,  Olympia  and  Delphi,  38;  the 
great  migrations,  46;  colonies  in 
Asia,  51;  Dorians  in  the  Pelopon- 
nesus —  the  legislation  of  Lycur- 
gus,  58;  establishment  of  Spartan  su- 
premacy in  the  Peloponnesus,  70; 
age  of  colonization,  78;  age  of  the 
tyrants,  90;  early  history  of  Attica, 
97;  Solon  and  Peisistratus,  102;  the 
Lydian  monarchy,  114;  Cyrus  and 
Darius,  119;  Darius  and  the  Greeks 
—  the  Ionian  revolt,  131;  consti- 
tution of  Cleisthenes,  140;  European 
Greece  —  jealousy  of  the  states, 
154;  battle  of  Marathon  to  the  in- 
vasion of  Xerxes,  165;  the  invasion 
of  Xerxes,  181;  Salamis  and  Pla- 
taea,  195;  Greeks  of  Italy  and  Si- 
cily, 214;  events  in  Asia  Minor  and 
Greece,  222;  rise  of  Athenian  em- 
pire, 232;  Athens  at  the  height  of 
her  power,  241;  the  years  of  peace, 
251;  rivalry  of  Sparta  and  Athens, 
262;  early  years  of  the  Peloponne- 
sian  War,  274;  siege  of  Plataea, 
286;  Sphacteria  and  Delium,  299; 
Brasidas  in  Thrace  —  the  Peace  of 
Nicias,  313;  Truce  of  Nicias,  320; 
expedition  to  Sicily,  328;  decline  of 
Athens,  349;  surrender  of  Athens, 
363;  Spartan  supremacy  in  Greece, 
379;  revolt  from  Sparta,  396;  the 
Greeks  of  the  West,  407;  last  years 
of  Spartan  hegemony,  419;  uprising 
of  Thebes,  426;  Theban  predomi- 
nance, 436;  the  peace  of  362  B.  C. 
to  Philip's  invasions,  452;  Philip  and 
Demosthenes,  463;  end  of  freedom, 
471;  Alexander  the  Great,  483;  Al- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


301 


exander's  successors  and  the  Greek 
leagues,  511;  under  Roman  rule,  2, 
521,  3,  166;  the  Middle  Ages  and 
the  Turkish  Yoke,  2,  532,  14,  45; 
the  War  of  Independence,  2,  542; 
in  Treaty  of  Adrianople,  14,  432; 
the  present  kingdom,  2,  546;  sup- 
ports   Cretan    revolt    from    Turkey, 

14,  503 

Greece,  The  Light  of:  see  Corinth 
Greek    Fire,    a    chemical    composition 
used  in   warfare:   description  of,   1, 

333,  14,  76 

Greek  Orthodox  Church:  status  of, 
2»  550;  projected  union  with  the 
Anglican,  15,  83  note;  in  Turkey, 
287;  its  reconciliation  with  the  Uni- 
ates,  297 

Greek  War  of  Independence,  a  war 
between  Greece  and  Turkey  (1821- 
1829):  causes,  2,  539,  14,  411;  15, 
268;  battle  of  Constantinople 
(1826),  2,  543,  14,  419;  Treaty  of 
Adrianople    (1829),   2,   545,    14,  431, 

15,  287;  results,  2,  545,  14,  418,  15, 
274 

Greeks:  in  Italy,  3,  25;  in  India,  5, 
67;   in   France,   9,  4 

Greeley,  Horace,  an  American  jour- 
nalist and  politician;  called  the  pre- 
mier of  American  editors:  born  at 
Amherst,  New  Hampshire,  Febru- 
ary 3,  181 1 ;  learned  printing  at  East 
Poultney,  Vermont,  where  he 
worked  from  1826-1830;  went  to 
New  York  for  employment,  183 1; 
became  a  partner  of  Francis  Story 
in  the  publishing  of  The  Morning 
Post,  1833,  which  was  the  first  daily 
penny  paper  ever  published;  pub- 
lished The  New  Yorker,  1833-1840; 
wrote  for  The  Daily  Whig,  The  Jef- 
fersonian,  and  The  Log  Cabin, 
1833-1840;  merged  The  New  Yorker 
and  The  Log  Cabin  into  The  Trib- 
une, 1841;  was  a  member  of  Con- 
gress, December  I,  1848,  to  March 
4,  1849;  visited  Europe,  1851,  and 
was  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
World's  Fair  at  the  Crystal  Palace, 
London;  made  a  second  visit  to  Eu- 
rope,   1855,    chiefly    to    attend    the 


French  exhibition;  visited  Califor- 
nia, 1859,  and  was  given  public  re- 
ceptions in  San  Francisco  and  Sac- 
ramento; opposed  the  Civil  War  at 
Republican  Convention,  i860;  advo- 
cated hostilities  before  their  actual 
commencement,  1861;  advocated 
universal  amnesty,  1865,  and  became 
one  of  the  bondsmen  for  Jefferson 
Davis;  was  nominated  for  the  Pres- 
idency of  the  United  States  by  the 
Liberal  and  the  Democratic  Parties, 
1872,  but  was  defeated  at  the  elec- 
tion; died  at  Pleasantville,  Winches- 
ter County,  N.  Y.,  November  29, 
1872 

Opposes  nomination  of  Clay  for 
Presidency,  24,  520;  favors  Doug- 
las's reelection,  664;  quoted  on  right 
of  secession,  714;  Lincoln's  letter 
to,  767;  opposes  Lincoln,  799;  joins 
liberal  movement,  890;  early  career, 
891;  nominated  for  President  (1872), 
891;  end  of  his  career,  893 
Greely,  Adolphus  Washington,  an 
American  Arctic  explorer:  born  at 
Newburyport,  Mass.,  March  27, 
1844;  graduated  from  Newburyport 
High  School,  i860;  served  in  the 
volunteer  army  of  the  North  during 
the  Civil  War,  1861-1865;  appointed 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Thirty- 
Sixth  U.  S.  Infantry,  March  7,  1867; 
assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  July 
14,  1869;  appointed  first  lieutenant, 
Fifth  Cavalry,  May  27,  1873,  and 
captain,  June  11,  1886;  commanded 
the  government  expedition  for  the 
establishment  of  the  American  Polar 
Station,  1881;  made  brigadier-gen- 
eral and  chief  signal  officer,  1887; 
during  the  Spanish-American  War 
and  consequent  military  operations, 
there  was  built  and  operated  under 
his  direction,  1000  miles  of  tele- 
graph in  Porto  Rico,  3800  miles  in 
Cuba,  250  miles  in  China,  and 
10,500  miles  of  lines  and  cables  in 
the  Philippines;  installed  a  system 
of  3900  miles  of  telegraph  lines,  sub- 
marine cables  and  wireless  in  Alas- 
ka,   1900-1904;    United    States   dele- 


302 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


gate  to  the  International  Telegraph 
Conference  at  London,  1903;  mem- 
ber of  board  to  regulate  wireless 
telegraphy  in  the  United  States, 
1904;  member  of  board  to  report  on 
coast  defenses,  1905;  lives  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

Establishes     the     United     States 

Polar  Station,  16,  319 

Green,    Beriah    (early    19th    century), 

American    statesman:    president    of 

American  Anti-Slavery  Society,  24, 

574 

Green,  Duff  (early  19th  century), 
American  journalist:  in  Jackson's 
"  Kitchen  Cabinet,"  23,  485 

Green,  Roger  (ca.  1653),  American 
colony  leader:  leads  Virginia  dis- 
senters and   founds   Albemarle,   23, 

73 

Green  Mountain  Boys,  body  of  sol- 
diers from  Vermont  in  American 
Revolution:  revolt  of,  23,  96 

Green  Mountain  State,  The:  see 
Vermont 

Greenback  Party,  United  States  po- 
litical party:  nominates  Peter 
Cooper  for  President  (1876),  24, 
909;  nominates  Weaver  (1880),  930; 
nominates  Ben  Butler  for  President 
(1884),  946 

Greene,  Nathaniel,  an  American  gen- 
eral: born  in  Warwick,  R.  I.,  May 
27,  1742;  was  elected  to  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  the  colony,  1770; 
appointed  brigadier-general  of  the 
Rhode  Island  militia,  1775;  was  put 
in  command  of  the  army  sent  to 
protect  Long  Island;  was  leader  of 

,  a  division  at  the  battle  of  Trenton, 
1776,  and  took  part  in  the  battles  of 
Brandywine  and  Germantown;  be- 
came quartermaster-general,  1778; 
won  a  victory  over  Sir  Henry  Clin- 
ton at  Springfield,  1780;  was  given 
command  of  the  Southern  army  and 
gained  the  victory  of  Cowpens, 
1781;  retreated  before  Cornwallis 
and  fought  at  Guilford  Court 
House;  was  defeated  at  Hobkirk's 
Hill;  won  the  victory  of  Eutaw 
Springs,  1781;  presented  with  a 
medal   by   Congress;   settled  on  an 


estate  in  Georgia,  near  Savannah; 
died  there  of  a  sunstroke,  June  19, 
1786 

Estimate  of,  23,  234;  sent  to  for- 
tify Brooklyn  Heights,  243;  aban- 
dons Fort  Lee,  245;  at  battle  of 
Brandywine,  259;  succeeds  Gates  in 
the  South,  280;  at  battle  of  Guilford 
Court  House,  281;  at  battle  of  Hob- 
kirk's Hill,  282;  at  battle  of  Eutaw 
Springs,  282 

Greene's  Cotton  Factory,  Jackson, 
Mississippi:  destroyed,  24,  776 

Greenland,  island  off  the  North  Amer- 
ican coast:  settlement  of,  16,  47,  21, 
3;  brought  under  the  control  of 
Norway,  16,  99;  reopened  to  the 
world,  237;  visited  by  Davis,  301 

Greensboro,  North  Carolina:  Davis 
holds  council  with  Confederate  cab- 
inet, 24,  813 

Greenville,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  con- 
cluded between  United  States  and 
the  Indians  (1795),  23,  366 

Greenwich  Hospital,  England: 

founded,  11,  443 

Greenwood,  John  (d.  1593),  English 
pilgrim:  death  of,  II,  301 

Gregg,  Maxcy  (1814-1862),  American 
general:  death  of,  24,  770 

Gregoire,  Abbe  Henri  (1750-1831), 
French  revolutionist  and  ecclesias- 
tic: opposes  Napoleon,  9,  319; 
elected  member  of  the  States-Gen- 
eral, 10,  39 

Gregorian  Calendar,  the  calendar  con- 
taining reforms  of  Gregory  XIII 
made  in  1582:  adopted,  4,  313;  re- 
places the  republican  calendar,  10, 
467;  adopted  in  England,  11,  488 

Gregory  (I),  Saint,  the  Great  (ca.  540- 
604),  Pope,  590-604:  accession  of,  4, 
167;  sends  St.  Augustine  to  Eng- 
land, 11,  28;  musical  reforms  of,  4, 
414 

Gregory  IT  (d.  731),  Pope,  715-731: 
opposes  Leo  the  Isaurian,  2,  534,  4, 
169;  his  relations  with  Karl  Martel, 
18,  74 

Gregory  III  (d.  741),  Pope,  731-741: 
accession  of,  4,  70;  opposes  Leo  the 
Isaurian,  2,  534 

Gregory  IV   (d.  844),   Pope,  827-844: 


GENERAL    INDEX 


303 


makes  Anscarius  Papal  legate,  16, 
27;  attempts  to  reconcile  Louis  the 
Pious  and  his  sons,  9,  48,  18,  91 

Gregory  V  (Bruno  of  Carinthia)  (d. 
999),  Pope,  996-999:  account  of,  18, 
119;  excommunicates  Robert  II  of 
France,  9,  67 

Gregory  VII,  Saint  (Hildebrand)  (ca. 
1020-1085),  Pope,  1073-1085:  power 
of,  130;  pontificate  of,  133;  quarrels 
with  Emperor  Henry  IV,  xi,  77', 
his  relations  with  William  the  Con- 
queror, 77;  aids  Hungary  against 
the  emperor,  17,  51;  his  relations  to 
Zvonimir,  38;  his  relations  with 
Svend  Estridsen,  16,  68,  70;  attempts 
to  reconcile  Catholics  and  Moham- 
medans in  Africa,  I,  323;  reforms 
of,  2,  535,  9,  69 

Gregory  IX  (Ugolino)  (ca.  1147- 
1241),  Pope,  1227-1241:  demands 
money  from  English  clergy,  11,  135; 
contention  of,  with  Frederick  II, 
4,  202,  18,  161,  164;  urges  the  crush- 
ing of  heresy  in  Germany,  18,  162 

Gregory  X  (Teobaldo  di  Visconti)  (d. 
1276),  Pope,  1271-1276:  character 
of,  9,  85;  enforces  measures  of 
reconciliation  in  all  Italian  cities,  4, 
213;  demands  the  election  of  a  Ger- 
man king,  18,  179;  his  relations  with 
Rudolf  of  Hapsburg,  17,  74,  18,  180 

Gregory  XI  (Pierre  Roger  de  Beau- 
fort) (d.  1378),  Pope,  1370-1378:  in- 
dignation of  the  Florentines  against, 
4,  232;  upholds  rights  of  daughter 
of  Frederic  II  of  Sicily,  8,  256; 
death  of,  9,  105 

Gregory  XII  (Angelo  di  Corraro) 
(ca.  1325-1417),  Pope,  1406-1415:  ac- 
knowledged by  the  emperor,  17, 
121;  deposed,  18,  201;  abdication  of, 
204 

Gregory  XIII  (Ugo  Buoncompagni) 
(1502-1585),  Pope,  1572-1585:  offers 
to  mediate  between  Spain  and  the 
Netherlands,  13,  133;  his  relations 
with  Sweden,  16,  165;  founds  the 
college  of  St.  Athanasius,  15,  72; 
reforms  the  calendar,  4,  313,  11,  488 

Gregory  XIV  (Nicolo  Sfondrati), 
Pope,  1590-1591:  supports  claims  of 
Charles  of  Guise,  9,  168 


Gregory    XV    (Alessandro    Ludovisi) 

(1554-1623),  Pope,  1621-1623:  re- 
ceives library  of  Heidelberg,  18,  272 

Gregory  XVI  (Bartolommeo  Alberto 
Cappellari)  (1765-1846),  Pope,  1831- 
1846:  promises  to  make  reforms  in 
the  Papal  states,  9,  399 

Gregory  V  (d.  1821),  Greek  Patriarch 
of  Constantinople:  death  of,  15,  268 

Gregory  (7th  century),  Roman  pre- 
fect: in  battle  with  the  Saracens,  X, 
301 

Greifensee,  Switzerland:  siege  of 
(1444),  13,  401 

Greig,  Admiral  (ca.  1829),  Russian 
sailor:  in  Russo-Turkish  war,  14, 
429,  15,  278 

Greig,  Sir  Samuel  (1735-1788),  Scot- 
tish sailor:  at  the  battle  of  Tchesme, 
*5>  179;  blockades  the  Swedish  fleet, 
187 

Grenada,  an  island  in  the  West  Indies: 
ceded  to  England,  20,  120;  seized 
by  France  (1778),  128;  becomes  a 
crown  colony,  246 

Grenadines,  group  of  islands  north  of 
Grenada:  ceded  to  England,  20,  120 

Grenelle,  Camp  of,  Paris:  reception  of 
the  Babceuf  conspirators  at,  10,  377 

Grengam,  island  near  Sweden:  victory 
of  (1721),  15,  67 

Grenier,  Paul  (1768-1827),  French 
general:  member  of  provisional  gov- 
ernment, 9,  365 

Grenoble  (ca.  1788),  French  rebel:  re- 
bellion of,  10,  102 

Grenville,  George  (1712-1770),  Eng- 
lish statesman,  called  The  Gentle 
Shepherd:  made  Prime  Minister,  II, 
507;  attempts  to  enforce  the  Navi- 
gation Acts,  23,  205;  proposes  the 
Stamp  Act,  207;  fall  of  his  ministry, 
212;  death  of,  II,  514 

Grenville,  Sir  Richard  (1541-1591), 
British  naval  officer:  his  part  in  the 
colonization  of  Virginia,  23,  53 

Grenville,  William  Wyndham,  Baron 
Grenville  (1759-1834),  English 
statesman:  his  reply  to  Napoleon, 
XI,  549;  made  Prime  Minister,  557 

Gresham,  Sir  Thomas  (15 19-1579), 
English  merchant:  agent  in  Ant- 
werp, 13,  74  note 


304 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Gresham,  Walter  Quinton  (1832- 
1895),  American  politician:  candi- 
date for  Presidential  nomination, 
24,  965;  Secretary  of  State,  993  note; 
death,  993  note,   1000 

Grevy,  Jules  (1807-1891),  President 
of  the  French  Republic:  presidency 
of,  9,  481 

Grey,  Charles,  Earl  Grey  (1764-1845), 
English  statesman,  called  No-Flint 
General:  proposes  Parliamentary  re- 
forms, 11,  586;  forms  ministry,  586; 
favors  Belgian  independence,  13, 
299;  his  attitude  toward  Poland,  15, 
296 

Grey,  Sir  George  (1837-1898),  British 
statesman:  governor  of  South  Aus- 
tralia, 20,  195;  made  governor  of 
New  Zealand,  212;  his  second  term 
of  office  in  New  Zealand,  215;  sends 
convicts  to  South  Africa,  223;  urges 
a  United  South  Africa,  228 

Grey,  Henry,  Earl  of  Suffolk  (d.  1554), 
English  nobleman:  rebellion  of,  II, 
270 

Grey,  Lady  Jane,  Queen  of  England, 
July  10-20,  1553,  daughter  of  Henry 
Grey,  Marquis  of  Dorset  and 
Frances  Brandon,  called  the  Nine 
Days'  Queen:  born  about  1537;  un- 
der the  tutorship  of  Roger  Ascham, 
she  exhibited  a  remarkable  capacity 
for  learning;  married  Lord  Guilford 
Dudley,  May,  1553;  upon  being  of- 
fered the  crown  she  at  first  refused, 
but  influenced  by  her  hushand  and 
father,  she  finally  accepted;  within 
ten  days,  upon  the  selection  of  Mary 
as  queen,  Lady  Jane  was  sent  to  the 
tower,  together  with  her  husband; 
was  executed  February  12,  1554 

Proclaimed  Queen  of  England,  II, 
269;  death  of,  270 

Grey,  Lord  Leonard  (ca.  1500),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  his  rule  in  Ireland, 

11,  261;  crushes  Geraldine  rebellion, 

12,  80 

Grey,  Sir  Richard  (d.  1483),  English 
noble:  taken  prisoner  by  Gloucester, 
11,  219;  death  of,  220 

Grey,  Thomas,  Marquis  of  Dorset:  see 
Dorset,  Thomas  Grey,  Marquis  of 


Grey,  Sir  William  (1818-1878),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  sketch  of,  5,  252 

Grey  of  Wilton,  Lord  Arthur  (1536- 
I593)>  English  general:  campaign  in 
Ireland,  12,  90 

Greynville,  Sir  Richard:  see  Grenville, 
Sir  Richard 

Greytown:  see  San  Juan,  Central 
America 

Griboiedov,  Alexander  Sergeivitch 
(1795-1829),  Russian  poet;  sketch  of, 
15,  272,  283 

Gridley,  Richard  (1711-1796),  Amer- 
ican general:  at  capture  of  Louis- 
burg,  23,  165 

Griffenfeld,  Peder  Schumacher,  Count 
(1635-1699),  Danish  statesman:  ca- 
reer of,  16,  232 

Griffin,  Lepel  Henry  (1840 ),  Eng- 
lish administrator;  political  agent  at 
Kabul,  5,  258 

Griffith,  De  Haven  (ca.  1850),  Ameri- 
can explorer:  commands  Arctic  ex- 
pedition, 16,  312 

Grifo  (ca.  740  A.  D.),  son  of  Karl  Mar- 
tel:  career  of,  18,  75 

Grig:  see  Cyric 

Grijalva,  Mexico:  battle  of  the  (1519), 
22,  13 

Grijalva,  Juan  de  (1490-1527),  Spanish 
soldier:  explorations  of,  22,  4,  23, 
38 

Grimkel,  Bishop  of  Norway,  ca.  1000 
A.  D.:  recalled  to  Norway,  16,  57 

Grimm,  Baron  Friedrich  Melchior 
(1723-1807),  German-French  critic: 
his  correspondence  with  Catherine, 
15,  140,  197 

Grimoald  (d.  656  A.  D.),  son  of  Pip- 
pin of  Landen:  made  mayor  of  the 
palace,  9,  33 

Grimoald  (d.  681  A.  D.),  mayor  of 
the  palace:  career  of,  18,  68 

Grimoald  (d.  714  A.  D.),  son  of  Pip- 
pin of  Heristal:  made  mayor  of  the 
palace,  9,  36 

Grindal,  Edmund  (1579-1583),  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury:  suspended 
from  his  office,  II,  290 

Grindelwald,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(ca.  1 190),  13,  349 

Grinnell,    Henry    (1799-1874),    Ameri- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


305 


can  merchant:  sends  out  Arctic  ex- 
peditions, 16,  312 

Grinnell  Land,  North  polar  regions: 
discovered,  16,  312 

Grippenberg  (ca.  1875),  Russian  gen- 
eral: at  battle  of  Hokau-tai,  7,  312 

Griqua-land-west,  Africa:  annexed  by 
Great  Britain,  19,  80,  216,  20,  227 

Griswold,  Roger  (1762-1812),  Ameri- 
can politician:  views  on  Louisiana 
Purchase,  23,  398 

Grobnik,  Austria-Hungary:  battle  of 
(1241),  17,  58 

Grochow,  Poland:  battle  of  (1831),  15, 
294 

Grocyn,  William  (1442-15 19),  English 
educational  reformer:  attempts  to 
introduce  the  study  of  Greek  into 
the  University  of  Oxford,  II,  239 

Groeneveldt,  Regnier  van  (ca.  1600), 
Dutch  conspirator:  plots  against  life 
of  Maurice  of  Nassau,  13,  205 

Grog,  Old:  see  Vernon,  Edward 

Groningen,  Holland:  siege  of  (1594), 
13,  161 

Groot,  Hugh  de:  see  Grotius,  Hugo 

Gros  (ca.  1850),  French  baron:  his 
expedition  to  China,  9,  451 

Grosbeeren,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1813), 
9,  343,  18,  383 

Grossetete,  Robert  (d.  1253),  an  Eng- 
lish divine:  leads  opposition  of 
clergy  to  papal  exactions,  II,  35 

Gross- Jagerndorf,    Prussia:    battle    of 

(i7S7),  15,  147 

Grosvenor  (ca.  1850),  English  diplo- 
mat: appointed  secretary  of  legation, 
6,  239 

Grote,  George  (1794-1871),  English 
historian:  sketch  of,  11,  613 

Grotius  (de  Groot),  Hugo,  a  Dutch 
jurist,  theologian,  and  scholar:  born 
at  Delft,  April  10,  1583;  studied  at 
Leyden;  went  to  Paris  on  a  Dutch 
embassy,  1598;  admitted  to  the  bar, 
1599;  appointed  pensionary  at  Rot- 
terdam, 1613;  connected  with  the 
Liberal  party,  upon  whose  defeat  he 
was  condemned  to  perpetual  impris- 
onment upon  the  charge  of  treason; 
studied  and  wrote  at  the  fortress  of 
Loevestein,  where  he  was  impris- 
oned;     escaped      within      eighteen 


months,  and  went  to  France;  was 
well  received  by  Louis  XIII  and 
given  a  pension;  returned  to  Hol- 
land, 1631,  upon  the  death  of  the 
stadtholder,  Maurice,  but  his  ene- 
mies were  still  active  and  he  had  to 
leave;  entered  the  services  of  Queen 
Christina  of  Sweden  and  was  ap- 
pointed privy  councilor  and  ambas- 
sador to  France,  1634;  asked  for  a 
recall  in  1645  because  he  had  tired 
of  court  life;  sailed  for  Germany 
and  encountered  a  severe  storm  on 
the  Baltic  which  made  him  ex- 
tremely ill  and  died  shortly  after 
reaching  Rostock,  August  28,  1645 

Arrest  of,   13,   199;   escapes  from 
prison,  201,  219 

Grouchy,  Marquis  Emmanuel  de 
(1766-1847),  French  marshal:  at  the 
battle  of  Waterloo,  10,  390,  501;  in 
expedition  to  Ireland,  12,  207;  in  the 
campaigns  of  the  Hundred  Days,  13, 
287 

Groveton,   Virginia:   battle  of   (1862), 

24,  763 

Grubenmanns,  The  (ca.  1700),  Swiss 
architects:  sketch  of,  13,  494 

Grudzinska,  Julia  (ca.  1800),  Princess 
of  Lowicz:  marriage  of,  15,  271 

Grumbach,  William  von  (1503-1566), 
German  adventurer:  sketch  of,  18, 
262 

Grumentum,  Italy:  battle  of,  3,  128 

Grundy,  Felix  (1 777-1840),  American 
lawyer:  in  Congress,  23,  417 

Guadaloupe,  West  Indies:  discovered, 
21,  9;  taken  by  the  English  (1759), 
20,  118;  (1810),  143;  restored  to 
France  by  Treaty  of  Paris,  23,  198 

Guadalupe-Hidalgo,  Treaty  of  (1848), 
concluded  between  Mexico  and 
United  States,  22,  379,  24,  552 

Guadet,  Marguerite  filie  (1758-1794), 
French  Girondist  leader:  attacked  by 
Robespierre  and  Marat,  10,  254;  at- 
tacks the  Girondists  in  the  conven- 
tion, 255;  incites  insurrection  in  the 
departments,  9,  272,  284;  death  of, 
10,  279 

Gual,  Pedro  (1 784-1862),  Venezuelan 
statesman:  suppresses  the  insurrec- 
tion, 21,  96 


S06 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Gualo    (13th    century),    papal    legate: 
appointed  guardian  of  Henry  III  of 
England,  II,   130 
Guam  (Guahan),  island  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean:    history    of,    20,   321;    ceded 
to  the  United  States,  24,  1032 
Guanahani:  see  San  Salvador 
Guantanamo,   Cuba:  battle  of   (1898), 
22,    459;    granted    to    the     United 
States,  479 
Guarantee,  Law  of  (ca.   1880),  secur- 
ing to  the   Pope  the  position  of  a 
sovereign,  4,  399 
Guarina,  Peru:  battle  of  (1547),  21,  27 
Guarnieri,    Duke    (ca.     1350),    Italian 
noble:  leader  of  mercenaries,  4,  252 
Guastalla,  Italy:  battle  (1734),  9,  236 
Guasto,  Marquis  of  (ca.   1550),  Span- 
ish soldier:  at  battle  of  Wernsfeld, 

13,  151 

Guatemala,  Central  America:  con- 
quered by  Spanish,  22,  429;  republic 
of,  founded,  438 

Guatemozin  (Guauhtemotzin),  Em- 
peror of  Mexico,  1520-1525:  acces- 
sion of,  22,  44;  at  the  siege  of  Mex- 
ico,  56;  tortured,  62;   death   of,  69, 

433 
Guauhnahuac:  see  Cuernavaca 
Guayaquil,    Ecuador:    description    of, 

21,   106;  insurrection  in  (1864),   114 
Guaynacapac  (16th  century),  Mexican 

ruler:  founds  a  kingdom  in  Guiana, 

21,  27 
Gubel,     Switzerland:     battle     of    the 

(iS3i),  13,  445 
Gudea,  King  of  Babylonia,  ca.  3000  B. 

C. :  reign  of,  1,  76 
Gudleif  (ca.  1000  A.  D.),  Iceland  trav- 
eler: account  of  his  voyage  to  Vin- 

land,  16,  49 
Gudrod   (ca.  900  A.   D.),   Norwegian 

prince:  mission  of,  16,  42 
Gudstadt,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1807),  9, 

33i 
Guebriant,  Jean  Baptiste  (1602-1643), 

French    marshal:    his    campaigns   in 

the  Thirty  Years'  War,  9,  194 
Guelders,   Charles   of  Egmont,   Duke 

of:  see  Charles  of  Egmont,  Duke  of 

Guelders 
Guelders,  War  of,  struggle  of  Gueld- 


ers against  Emperor  Philip  (1500), 
13,  52 

Guelf  or  Guelphs:  see  Welf 

Guerande,  Treaty  of,  concluded  be- 
tween Montfort  of  England  and 
Charles  Blois  (1365),  9,  103 

Guerra,  Lieutenant-Colonel  (ca.  1800), 
Colombian  soldier:   insurrection  of, 

21,  185 

Guerra,  Cristobal  (ca.  1500),  a  Span- 
ish merchant:  discoveries  of,  21,  15 

Guerra,  Garcia,  Archbishop  of  Mexico, 
(d.  161 1),  Spanish- American  prelate: 
made  viceroy  of  Mexico,  22,  151 

Guerrero,  Vicente  (1782-1831),  Mexi- 
can soldier:  in  the  rebellion  of  1821, 

22,  247;  member  of  provisional  gov- 
ernment, 264;  attempts  to  crush  re- 
bellion (1827),  266;  declared  presi- 
dent of  Mexico,  268;  death  of,  270 

Guerrier  (ca.   1825),   Haytian  patriot: 

made  ruler  of  Hayti,  22,  499 
"Guerriere,"  British  frigate:  captured, 

23,  422 

Guesclin,  Bertrand  du  (1314-1380), 
French  captain:  career  of,  9,  102,  11, 
168 

Gueux,  Dutch  confederates  (16th  cen- 
tury) :  name  adopted,  13,  88 

Gugger  (ca.  1750),  Swiss  divine: 
teachings  of,  13,  492 

Guiana  (Guayana),  South  America: 
settlement  of,  20,  87;  surrenders  to 
the  British,  139;  Indian  kingdom 
founded  in,  21,  27 

Guiana,  British,  a  British  colony  in 
South  America:  history  of,  20,  247 

Guiana,  Dutch,  a  Dutch  colony  in 
South  America:  history  of,  20,  285 

Guiana,  French,  a  French  colony  in 
South  America:  attempts  to  colo- 
nize, 20,  121 

Guiche,  Marshal  de  (ca.  1625),  French 
general:  his  campaign  against  the 
Spanish,  13,  214 

Guido,  Cardinal,  a  Papal  legate  (ca. 
1 160):  sent  to  Bohemia,  17,  66 

Guignes,  France:  battle  of,  9,  346 

Guilds,  leagues  instituted  for  the  pur- 
pose of  securing  to  their  members 
mutual  protection  (12th  century), 
16,  77 


GENERAL    INDEX 


307 


Guilford  Court  House,  North  Caro- 
lina: battle  of  (1781),  23,  281 

Guillemot,  Charles  Armand  (1774- 
1840),  French  general  and  diploma- 
tist:   negotiates    truce    of    Slobosia, 

14,  403 
Guillotin,  Joseph  Ignace   (1738-1814), 

a  French  physician:  elected  member 

of  the  States-General,  10,  39 
Guinea,   French,   a   French   colony  in 

Africa:  Germans  settle  in,  19,  107; 

sketch  of,  20,  281 
Guinea,     Portuguese,     a     Portuguese 

colony  in  Africa:  description  of,  20, 

298 
Guinegate,  France:  battle  of  (1479),  9, 

125,  13,  50;  battle  of  (1513),  called 

battle  of  the  Spurs,  9,  135,  236,  13, 

54 

Guines,  Treaty  of,  concluded  between 
England  and  France  (1547),  9,  144 

Guiomar  de  Castro  (ca.  1450),  a  Span- 
ish princess:  her  relations  with  En- 
rique IV  of  Leon,  8,  181 

Guise,  Charles  of  Lorraine,  Duke  of: 
see  Lorraine,  Charles,  Duke  of 
Guise 

Guise,  Frangois  de  Lorraine,  Duke  of 
(1519-1563),  leader  of  the  Catholic 
party  in  France,  called  the  Butcher 
of  Vassy:  his  campaign  against  the 

■  Spanish  in  Italy,  8,  354;  captures 
Calais,  9,  148;  regent  for  Francis  II 
of  France,  149;  death  of,  154 

Guise,  Henry  of  Lorraine,  Duke  of: 
see  Henry  of  Guise 

Guiteau,  Charles  Julius  (1841-1882), 
American  politician;  Garfield  assis- 
sinated  by,  24,  934;  probable  insan- 
ity of,  935 

Guizot,  Francois  Pierre  Guillaume 
( 1 787-1874),  French  statesman  and 
historian:  leader  of  the  doctrinaires, 
9,  372;  enters  parliamentary  life, 
389;  his  relation  to  the  revolution  of 
1830,  391;  made  minister  of  the  in- 
terior, 396;  in  Soult's  ministry,  402; 
made  minister  of  public  instruction 
in  Mole's  cabinet,  410;  ministry  of, 
9,  415,  14,  437 

Gujarat,  India:  battle  of  (1849),  5,  226 

Gujarat,  Kingdom  of,  India:  early  his- 


tory of,  5,  107;  conquered  by  Mo- 
guls, 113 

Gujer,  Jacob  (ca.  1700),  Swiss  farmer: 
sketch  of,  13,  490 

Gujer,  Jakob  (ca.  1800),  Swiss  politi- 
cian: opens  the  assembly  at  Uster, 
13,  535 

Guldberg,  Count  Ove  Hogh  (1731- 
1808),  Danish  historian  and  states- 
man: ministry  of,  16,  243;  dismissal 
of,  254 

Guld-Harald  (10th  century),  of  the 
royal  family  of  Scandinavia:  sketch 
of,  16,  29 

Gule  Law,  The  (ca.  950  A.  D.),  to  re- 
store allodial  lands  to  the  Scandi- 
navian peasantry:  promulgated  by 
Hakon,  16,  52 

Gulistan,  Treaty  of,  concluded  be- 
tween Persia  and  Russia  (1813),  5, 

359 
Gunderic  (ca.  400  A.  D.),  King  of  the 
Vandals:  leads  invasion  into  Spain, 

8,35 

Gundobad  or  Gundobald:  see  Gonde- 
baud 

Gungunyana  (19th  century),  King  of 
Gazaland,  Africa:  sends  envoys  to 
England,  19,  232 

Gunhild  (ca.  940  A.  D.),  Queen  of 
Norway:  sketch  of,  16,  52,  54 

Gunhilde  (ca.  1025),  daughter  of 
Canute:  betrothed  to  Henry  III  of 
Germany,  18,  125 

Gunner  (ca.  1241),  Scandinavian  prel- 
ate: revises  Valdemar's  code  of  law, 
16,  89 

Gunning,  Sir  Robert  (ca.  1775),  Eng- 
lish diplomat:  at  the  Russian  court, 

15,  165,  171 

Gunpowder:  introduction  into  Europe, 
4,  255;  trade  in,  made  a  state  mo- 
nopoly in  Switzerland,  13,  580 

Gunpowder  Plot,  in  English  history: 
a  plot  to  blow  up  the  king,  the 
Lords,  and  the  Commons  (1605), 
II,  308 

Gunter,  Edmund  (1581-1626),  English 
mathematician:  applies  logarithms 
to  nautical  calculations,  20,  122 

Gunther  (ca.  450  A.  D.),  King  of  the 
Burgundians:   Attila  defeats,   18,  41 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Gunther  of  Schwarzburg  (1304-1349), 
German  count:  rival  of  Charles  IV, 
18,  192 

Gunthram  (Guntram),  King  of  the 
Franks,  s6i-593  A.  D.:  reign  of,  9, 
26,  18,  61 

Gunzburg,  Germany:  battle  of  (1805), 
9,  326 

Gunzburg,  Baron  (ca.  1900),  Russian 
diplomat:  represents  Russia  at  Seul, 
7,  296 

Gupta  Dynasty,  India,  319-470  A.  D.: 
reign  of,  5,  74 

Gurkhas,  principal  race  in  kingdom  of 
Nepal:  seek  protection  from  Galdan, 
6,  68;  at  war  with  China,  100;  sub- 
mission of,  103;  at  war  with  the 
English,  5,  207 

Gurko,   Count  Joseph  Vladimirovitch 

(1828 ),     Russian     general:     his 

campaign  against  Turkey,  15,  334; 
removed  from  the  government  of 
Poland,  345 

Guru,  India:  battle  of  (1904),  5,  298 

Gurzon  (ca.  1830),  a  South  American 
colonel:  rebellion  of,  31,   138 

Gustaf  (d.  1607),  son  of  Erik  XIV  of 
Sweden:  sketch  of,  16,  164 

Gustaf  Adolf:  see  Gustavus  (II)  Adol- 
phus,  King  of  Sweden 

Gustavus  (I)  Vasa,  King  of  Sweden, 
1523-1560:  born  at  Lindholm,  Up- 
land, Sweden,  May  12,  1496;  re- 
ceived a  careful  education;  entered 
public  service,  1514;  was  a  hostage 
for  the  Danish  king,  1518,  and  was 
treacherously  imprisoned;  escaped, 
1519;  heard  Luther  and  returned  to 
Sweden,  1520;  led  a  rebellion  of 
the  Dalecarlians,  1521;  made  King 
of  Sweden,  1523;  favored  Protest- 
antism and  made  Lutheranism  the 
state  religion,  1528;  his  reign  was 
disturbed  by  domestic  wars  and  by 
contests  with  Russia;  died  at  Stock- 
holm, September  29,  1560 

Career  of,  16,  150;  sent  as  a  hos- 
tage to  Denmark,  141;  accession  of, 
I5i»  1545  adheres  to  the  Augsburg 
Confession,  9,  142;  at  the  diet  of 
Vesteraas,  16,  156;  reforms  of,  159; 
death  of,  160 

Gustavus     (II)     Adolphus,     King     of 


Sweden,  1611-1632;  called  The  Star 
of  the  North,  The  Lion  of  the 
North:  born  at  Stockholm,  Decem- 
ber 19,  1594;  succeeded  his  father, 
161 1,  at  a  time  when  Sweden  was  in- 
volved in  wars  with  Denmark,  Po- 
land, and  Russia;  concluded  a  treaty 
with  Denmark,  1613;  forced  the  Rus- 
sian emperor  to  a  disadvantageous 
peace,  1617;  concluded  an  armistice 
with  Poland,  1629;  led  the  Protes- 
tant forces  in  the  Thirty  Years'  War; 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Lutzen,  No- 
vember 6,  1632 

Early  life  of,  16,  175;  reign  of, 
176;  charters  Delaware  colony,  23, 
108;  offers  shelter  to  Remonstrants, 
13,  201;  acquires  Livonia,  15,  22; 
his  campaigns  in  the  Thirty  Years' 
War,  9,  190,  13,  211,  18,  278;  loses 
Livonia,  15,  382;  death  of,  13,  215, 
16,  184,  17,  211,  18,  284 

Gustavus  III  (1746-1792),  King  of 
Sweden,  1771-1792:  reign  of,  16, 
247;  visits  Catherine,  15,  174;  his 
war  with  Russia,  187;  death  of,  15, 
189,  16,  249 

Gustavus  (IV)  Adolphus  (1 778-1837), 
King  of  Sweden,  1792-1809:  reign 
of,  16,  250;  in  the  third  coalition, 
15,  214;  his  war  with  Russia,  216; 
forced  to  abdicate,  16,  252 

Gutenberg,  John  (1400-1468),  German 
inventor  of  printing:  sketch  of,  18, 
220 

Guthrie,  Oklahoma:  established  in  one 
day,  24,  985 

Guthrie,  James  (d.  1662),  Scottish  di- 
vine: death  of,  12,  345 

Guthrum  (d.  890  A.  D.),  Danish  chief- 
tain: struggle  with  Alfred  the 
Great,  11,  43,  16,  15 

Gutierrez,  Juan  Maria  (1809-1878),  an 
Argentine  author:  sketch  of,  21,  118 

Gutierrez,  Marcelino  (ca.  1875),  a 
South  American  colonel:  assassi- 
nates Balta,  21,  210 

Gutierrez,  Santos  Joaquin  (1820-1872), 
South  American  general  and  politi- 
cian: president  of  Colombia,  21,  90 

Gutierrez,  Tomas  (ca.  1870),  South 
American  Minister  of  War:  insur- 
rection of,  21,  210 


GENERAL    INDEX 


309 


Guttorm  (d.  1204),  King  of  Norway: 
reign  of,  16,  98 

Guzman  Blanco,  Antonio:  see  Blanco, 
Antonio  Guzman 

Guzman,  Luis  Enriquez  (ca.  1650), 
Mexican  commander:  made  viceroy 
of  New  Spain,  22,  167 

Guzman,  Nufio  de  (ca.  1485-1544),  a 
Spanish  lawyer  and  soldier:  ap- 
pointed president  of  the  audiencia, 
22,  67;  presides  over  trial  of  Cor- 
tez,  71 

Gwalior,  Hindustan:  siege  of  (1780), 
5,  193 

Gwin,  William  M.  (19th  century),  an 
American  politician:  elected  sena- 
tor from  California,  24,  598 

Gyda  (ca.  900  A.  D.),  Scandinavian 
princess:  sketch  of,  16,  141 

Gyges,  King  of  Lydia,  ca.  690-650  B. 
.C:  aids  Egyptian  revolt  against  As- 


syria, 1,  31;  sends  tribute  to  Ashur- 
bani-pal,  90;  reign  of,  1,  144,  2,  116 

Gyldensjerne,  Knud  (ca.  1525),  Scan- 
dinavian commander:  takes  Chris- 
tian II  prisoner,  16,  192 

Gylfe,  King  of  the  Goths,  1st  century 
B.  C:  the  legend  of,  16,  35 

Gylippus  (ca.  425  B.  C),  Spartan  gen- 
eral: in  Sicily,  2,  339;  defeats  the 
Athenians,  344,   347 

Gyllenborg,  Count  Karl  (1679-1746), 
Swedish  statesman:  the  party  of,  15, 
130 

Gyllenstjerna,  Johan  (ca.  1675),  Swed- 
ish diplomat:  aids  reform,   16,  212 

Gyogi  (Bosatsu)  (ca.  724  A.  D.), 
Japanese   priest:    doctrine  of,  7,   32 

Gyrth  (ca.  1050),  Earl  of  East  Anglia: 
made  earl,  11,  63 

Gythium,  Greece:  taken  by  Athenians, 
2,  246;  burned  by  Thebans,  441 


H 


Haan,  de  (ca.  1619),  Dutch  statesman: 

arrest  of,  13,  201 
Haarlem,    Holland:    siege    of    (1572) 

13,  113 

Habeas  Corpus,  Writ  of,  United  States 
law  suspended  by  Andros,  23,  100; 
Lincoln  suspends,  24,  738,  815 

Habeas  Corpus  Act,  law  of  England: 
passed  (1679),  II,  407 

Habibrilla,  Amir  of  Afghanistan  (1901 
) :  accession  of,  5,  287 

Habits,  Land  of  Steady:  see  Connect- 
icut 

Hadadezer  (Hadad-idri)  of  Damascus 
(ca.  854  B.  C.) :  opposes  Shalman- 
eser  II,  1,  80;  relations  with  Ahab, 
King  of  Israel,  390 

Hadji  Beytarch  (ca.  1326),  Ottoman 
dervish:  names  the  Janissaries,  14, 
21 

Hadji  Mustapha  (ca.  1803),  Servian 
Pasha:  becomes  Pasha  of  Belgrade, 

14,  387 

Hadlaub,  John  (ca.  1263),  German 
poet:  sketch  of,  13,  361 

Hadley,  Massachusetts:  attack  on 
(1675),  23,  97,  146 

Hadrian  (Publius  iElius  Hadrianus) 
(76-138  A.  D.),  Roman  Emperor, 
1 17-138  A.  D.:  reign  of,  4,  91;  con- 
dition of  Greece  under,  2,  524,  525; 
visits  Britain,  11,  11;  death,  4,  93 

Hadrian's  Wall,  Great  Britain:  built, 
4,  92,  12,  249 

Haedui,  Gallic  tribe:  aided  by  Rome, 
3,  300;  made  tributary  to  the  Se- 
quani,  301 

Haemon  (d.  1343),  Duke  of  Savoy: 
reign  of,  4,  275 

Haemstede,  Admiral  von  (16th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  naval  officer:  captured 
by  the  Dutch,  13,  117 

Haffkine,  Waldeman  Mordecai  Wolff 

(i860 ),    Russian   bacteriologist: 

discoveries  of,  5,  282 


Hafiz  (Lishan  ul  Ghaid)  (14th  cen- 
tury), Persian  philosopher  and 
poet:  sketch  of,  5,  336 

Hafiz,  Pasha  (17th  century),  Grand 
Vizier  of  Turkey:  account  of,  14, 
216 

Hafurstfjord,  Norway:  battle  of  (872 
A.  D.),  16,  41 

Hagenau,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  arrang- 
ing for  the  acquisition  of  Carinthia 
by  Austria  (1330),  17,  101 

Hagenbach,  K.  (19th  century),  a 
Swiss  theologian:  sketch  of,  13,  586 

Hagenbach,  Peter  von  (d.  1474),  Swiss 
favorite  of  Charles  the  Bold:  wid- 
ens breach  between  Burgundy  and 
the  Confederates,  13,  405;  death  of, 
406 

Hager,  Lorens  (ca.  1708),  Swedish 
Protestant  clergyman:  his  account 
of  the  death  of  Patkul,  15,  46 

Hagerup,  G.  F.,  Norwegian  states- 
man, premier,  1895-1898:  ministry 
of,  16,  285 

Haggard,    Henry    Rider     (1856 ), 

English  novelist  and  barrister:  visits 
East  Africa,  19,  133 

Hagiwara  Shigehide  (ca.  1650),  Japa- 
nese politician:  proposes  the  issue 
of  a  debased  currency,  7,  143 

Hague,  Congress  of,  meeting  of  the 
sovereigns  of  England,  Holland,  and 
Prussia   (1790),  14,  360 

Hague,  The,  capital  of  the  Nether- 
lands: taken  by  the  Spanish,  13,  114 

Hague,  Treaty  of  the,  a  treaty  be- 
tween the  Empire,  Prussia,  and  Rus- 
sia (1710),  15,  63 

Hague  Conference,  The  (1608),  con- 
ference of  representatives  of  Spain, 
France,  and  England:  13,  188 

Hague  International  Peace  Confer- 
ence, The  (1899),  13,  318,  15,  35i 

Hahn,  Michael  (19th  century),  Ameri- 
can politician:  elected  to  Congress, 


310 


GENERAL    INDEX 


Sll 


24,  833;  elected  governor  of  Louisi- 
ana. 834 

Hai-cheng,  China:  captured  by  the 
Japanese,  7,  268,  272 

Haida  Indians:  their  slate  carving,  23, 
14 

Haidar  Ali:  attempts  to  expel  English 
from  India,  5,  193 

Haidarabad  (Patala),  India:  founded, 
5,  69 

"  Hail,   Columbia,"  popularity  of,  23, 

374 
Haileybury,    India:    East    India    Col 

lege  established  at,  5,  202 
Hairan,   Hagib  of  Cordova,  ca.   1012: 

at  war  with  Solyman,  8,  80;  deserts 

Ali  ben  Hamad,  81 
Hajji     Ibrahim     (ca.     1790),     Persian 

officer:  treachery  of,  5,  356 
Hajji  Mirza  Aghasi   (ca.    1832),   Per- 
sian vizier:  under  Russian  influence, 

5,  360 
Hakar:  see  Akhoris 
Hakhi    Pasha    (early    19th    century), 

Turkish   commander:   his  campaign 

against  Russia,  15,  284 
Hakon  (I)  the  Good  (ca.  920-961  A 

D.),  King  of  Norway:  career  of,  16, 

52 
Hakon    (II)    Jarl,    King   of   Norway 

977-995  A.  D.:  secures  the  throne, 

16,  29;  reign  of,  54 
Hakon   III,    King  of  Norway,   1202- 

1204:  reign  of,  16,  98 
Hakon  IV,  King  of  Norway,  1217-ca 

1263:  reign  of,  16,  98 
Hakon    V,    King    of    Norway,    1299- 

13 19:  reign  of,  16,  100 
Hakon   VI,    King   of    Norway,    1350- 

1380:  Magnus  resigns  the  throne  to, 

16,   100;   marriage  of,   108,   117;  de- 
feated by  Hanseatic  League,  18,  195 
Hakon    VII,    King    of    Norway,    1906 

:  accession  of,  16,  288 

Hakozaki,  Japan:  battle  of  (1274),  7, 

74 

Hale,  John  Parker  (1806-1873),  Ameri 
can  statesman:  nominated  for  Presi- 
dent (1844),  24,  559;  (1852),  621 

Hale,  Nathan  (1756-1776),  American 
soldier:  fate  of,  23,  278 

Haleppa,  Pact  of,  in  Turkish  history 


a  pact  providing  for  reduction  of 
taxes  (1867),  account  of,  14,  467, 
502 

Hales,  Sir  Edward  (ca.  1686),  English 
nobleman:  trial  of,  II,  424 

Half  King  (ca.  1753),  Indian  chief: 
accompanies  Washington,  23,  170; 
efforts  of  French  to  alienate,  175 
note 

Half-breeds,  The,  Republican  faction 
in  United  States:  so  named,  24, 
934;  succeeded  by  Stalwarts,  945 

Halfdan  (9th  century  A.  D.),  Nor- 
wegian prince:  mission  of,  16,  42 

Halfdan  Svarte  (d.  863  A.  D.),  King  of 
Norway:  reign  of,  16,  41 

Haliartus,  Greece:  destroyed  by 
Xerxes,  2,  196;  battle  of,  398 

Halicarnassus,  Asia:  founded,  2,  56; 
siege  of,  489 

Halidon  HilL  England:  battle  of 
(1333),  12,  285 

Halifax,  Nova  Scotia:  fisheries  com- 
mission meet  at,  24,  884,  886 

Halifax,  Earl  of:  see  Sir  Charles 
Montague 

Halifax,  Charles  Wood,  Viscount:  see 
Wood,  Charles,  Viscount  Halifax 

Halifax,  George  Saville,  Marquis  of 
(1630-1695),  English  politician: 
supports  Charles  II  against  Shaftes- 
bury, 11,  408;  dismissed  from  office, 
423;  desires  reforms  in  Parliament, 

519 
Halket,  Sir  Peter   (d.    1755),   English 
.  -officer:  in  Braddock's  expedition,  23, 

179 
Halkett,    General    (19th    century),    a 

German  soldier:  in  the  Slesvig-Hol- 

stein  War,  16,  270 
Hall,    General    (early    19th    century), 

American     officer:     his     expedition 

against  Canada,  20,  154 
Hall,  Captain   (middle   19th  century), 

English  naval  officer:  his  expedition 

in  the  White  Sea,  15,  309 
Hall,    Charles    (1821-1871),    American 

Arctic  explorer:  explorations  of,  16, 

312 
Halle,  Germany:  taken  by  Tilly  (1631), 

18,  280;  taken  by  Schill  (1809),  376 
Halle,  University  of:  founded,  18,  320 


318 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Halleck,  Fitz  Greene  (i  790-1 867), 
American  poet:  in  American  litera- 
ture, 23,  481 

Halleck,  Henry  Wager  (1815-1872), 
American  soldier:  gives  permission 
to  Grant  to  capture  Fort  Henry,  24, 
744;  captures  Corinth,  750;  ap- 
pointed general  in  chief,  762;  sends 
Buell  to  Chattanooga,  773;  com- 
mander in  chief,  775 

Haller,  Albrecht  von  (d.  1777),  a  Swiss 
poet  and  naturalist:  sketch  of,  13 
488 

Haller,  Berthold  (ca.  1525),  Swiss  re- 
former: reforms  of,  13,  439 

Haller,  Karl  L.  von  (ca.  1820),  Ber- 
nese professor:  advocates  opposition 
to  all  liberal  institutions,  13,  528 

Halley,  Edmund  (1656-1742),  English 
astronomer:  aids  nautical  science, 
20,  122 

Hallvil,  Hans  von  (15th  century), 
Swiss  soldier:  at  the  battle  of  Mo- 
rat,  13,  409 

Halm,  Michael  (19th  century),  Ameri- 
can politician:  elected  to  Congress, 
24,  833;  elected  governor  of  Louisi- 
ana, 834 

Hals,  Frans  (1580-1666),  Dutch 
painter:  sketch  of,  13,  220 

Halys,  river  in  Lydia:  battle  of  the 
(547  B.  C.),  I.  146 

Hamada  Yahei  (ca.  1650),  Japanese 
adventurer:  conquers  Formosa,  7, 
136 

Hamadanites,  line  of  Arabian  princes: 
reign  of,  1,  365 

Hamburg,  Germany:  a  member  of  the 
Hanseatic  League,  18,  174;  sur- 
renders to  Wallenstein  (1628),  276; 
recovered  from  French   (1813),  382 

Hamburg,  Peace  of,  a  peace  between 
Prussia  and  Sweden  (1762),  16,  228 

Hamed  ben  Mohammed,  King  of  East 
Morocco,  ca.  1500:  reign  of,  8,  437 

Hamelin,  Germany:  siege  of  (1625), 
18,  274 

Hamilcar  (d.  480  B.  C),  Carthaginian 
commander:  invades  Sicily,  2,  218; 
killed,  218 

Hamilcar  Barca  (d.  ca.  229  B.  C), 
Carthaginian  soldier:  his  African 
campaign,  3,  102;  campaign  in  Sicily, 


104;  concludes  peace  with  Rome 
(241  B.  C),  105;  made  commander- 
in-chief  of  all  Africa,  ill;  his  ca- 
reer in  Spain,  3,  112,  8,  13;  killed,  3, 
112 

Hamilton,  Marquis  of  (ca.  1600),  Brit- 
ish nobleman:  appointed  commis- 
sioner to  Scotland,  12,  337 

Hamilton,  Alexander,  an  American 
statesman  and  soldier:  born  in  the 
Island  of  Nevis,  West  Indies,  Janu- 
ary 11,  1757;  was  sent  to  his 
mother's  relatives  in  Santa  Cruz 
while  a  child;  became  a  clerk  in  a 
counting-house  there,  1769;  was  sent 
to  a  grammar  school  at  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.J.,  1772;  entered  King's  Col- 
lege, 1773;  his  speeches,  pamphlets, 
and  newspaper  articles  attracted 
great  attention,  1774-1775;  received 
a  captain's  commission  in  the  ar- 
tillery, 1776,  and  served  with  honor, 
becoming  aide-de-camp  to  Washing- 
ton, 1777;  resigned  his  commission, 
1781,  but  received  the  command  of 
a  New  York  battalion  of  light  in- 
fantry; served  with  distinction  at 
the  siege  of  Yorktown,  1781;  was 
a  member  of  Congress,  1782-1783, 
and  1787-1788;  member  of  the  Con- 
stitutional Convention,  1787;  was 
the  chief  author  of  the  papers  after- 
ward called  "  The  Federalist;"  was 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  1789- 
!795!  was  made  inspector-general  of 
the  army  with  the  rank  of  major- 
general,  1798,  and  was  commander- 
in-chief  for  a  short  time,  1799; 
chosen  president-general  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati, 1800;  opposed  Aaron  Burr 
for  the  governorship  of  New  York 
State,  1804;  mortally  wounded  by 
Burr  in  a  duel  at  Weehawken,  N.  J., 
July  11,  1804,  and  died  the  follow- 
ing day 

Graduates  from  King's  College, 
23,  140;  defends  Joshua  Wadding- 
ton,  309;  proposes  the  Constitutional 
Convention,  322;  in  Constitutional 
Convention,  324;  writes  for  the 
Federalist,  335;  member  of  New 
York  ratification  convention,  337; 
absent    from    first    Congress,    343; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


313 


Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  344; 
proposes  tax  on  whiskey,  348;  plans 
payment  of  public  debts,  349;  pro- 
poses a  national  bank,  350;  plans  for 
national  currency,  353;  retires  from 
Cabinet,  357;  favors  neutrality,  358; 
def end's  Jay  Treaty,  363;  in  com- 
mand of  army,  375;  enmity  between 
Jefferson  and,  382;  duel  with  Burr, 
402 

Hamilton,  Andrew  (ca.  1775),  Ameri- 
can lawyer:  extent  of  his  reputa- 
tion, 23,  138 

Hamilton,  Gavin  (ca.  1610),  Bishop  of 
Galloway:  consecrated,  12,  332 

Hamilton,  Sir  James  (15th  century), 
Scottish  chieftain:  joins  cause  of 
James  II  of  Scotland,  12,  296 

Hamilton,  James,  first  Earl  of  Arran 
(ca.  1477-ca.  1529),  Scottish  politi- 
cian: commands  fleet  for  invasion  of 
France,  12,  300 

Hamilton,  James,  second  Earl  of 
Arran  (d.  1575),  Scottish  statesman: 
regent  for  Mary  Queen  of  Scots, 
13,  305 

Hamilton,  Richard  (17th  century), 
English  soldier:  at  siege  of  Derry, 

12,  135 

Hamilton,  Port,  an  island  off  the 
southern  coast  of  Korea:  occupied 
by  the  British,  6,  253 

Hamilton  of  Bothwellhaugh,  James 
(ca.  1570),  Scottish  desperado:  mur- 
ders Earl  of  Murray,  12,  321 

Hamley,  Sir  Edward  Bruce  (1824- 
1893),  a  British  soldier  and  author: 
in  the  Crimean  War,  15,  311 

Hamlin,  Hannibal  (1809-1891),  Ameri- 
can statesman:  nominated  for  Vice- 
President  (i860),  24,  682;  in  Con- 
gress, 862;  hostile  to  Hayes,  915 

Hammer  and  Scourge  of  the  English, 
The:  see  Wallace,  William 

Hammer  of  Scotland,  The:  see  Ed- 
ward I,  King  of  England 

Hammerlin,  Felix  (1389-ca.  1460), 
Swiss    theologian:    taken    prisoner, 

1 3,  402 

Hammurabi  (Amraphel),  King  of 
Babylonia,  2287-2232  B.  C:  reign  of, 
1,  76 


Hampden,  John  (1594-1643),  English 
statesman:  refuses  to  pay  ship- 
money,  n,  334;  impeached,  343 

Hampton,  Wade  (1818-1901),  Ameri- 
can confederate  general:  at  Colum- 
bia, 24,  807 

Hampden-Sydney  College,  Virginia: 
W.    H.    Harrison    educated    at,    22, 

524 

Hampton  Roads  Conference,  between 
Confederate  States  and  the  Union 
(1865):  failure  of,  24,  809 

Hamsad  Bey  (d.  1834),  Circassian 
commander:  leads  the  Circassians, 
15,  298 

Han  Dynasty,  The  (202  B.  C.-220  A. 
D.),  second  historical  and  fifth  im- 
perial dynasty  of  China:  reign  of, 
6,  12 

Hanabusa  Yoshimoto  (ca.  1875),  Japa- 
nese minister:  minister  to  Korea,  7, 

195 

Hanau,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1813),  9, 
343,  10,  489,  17,  310,  18,  385 

Hanazons,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1308- 
1319:  accession  of,  7,  83 

Hancock,  John,  an  American  states- 
man: born  in  Quincy,  Mass.,  Janu- 
ary 12,  1737;  graduated  at  Harvard, 
1754;  became  a  merchant  of  Boston, 
1764;  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  Massachusetts, 
1766;  delivered  an  address  at  the 
funeral  of  those  killed  in  the  Boston 
Massacre,  1770;  became  president  of 
the  Provincial  Congress,  1774,  and 
president  of  the  Continental  Con- 
gress, 1775;  signed  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  1776;  resigned  his 
seat  in  Congress  through  ill  health, 
and  was  chosen  Governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts, 1780;  was  annually  re- 
elected with  the  exception  of  two 
years    until    his    death,    October    8, 

1793 

Guilty  of  smuggling,  23,  205; 
president  of  Provincial  Congress  of 
Massachusetts,  225;  Gage  attempts 
to  arrest,  226;  delegate  to  second 
Continental  Congress,  229;  desires 
to  be  commander-in-chief  of  army, 
230;  excepted  from  amnesty  offered 


314 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


by  Gage,  231;  opposed  to  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  324;  not  in  favor 
of  the  Constitution,  336 

Hancock,  Winfield  Scott,  a  noted 
American  general:  born  in  Mont- 
gomery Co.,  Pa.,  February  14,  1824; 
was  graduated  at  West  Point,  1844; 
served  as  lieutenant  in  the  Mexican 
War,  1846-1847;  became  captain, 
1855,  and  brigadier-general  of  volun- 
teers, 1861;  fought  in  the  battle  of 
Antietam,  1862;  commanded  a  corps 
at  Gettysburg,  1863,  and  near  Spott- 
sylvania  Court-House,  1864;  was  ap- 
pointed brigadier-general  of  the 
regular  army,  1864,  brevet  major- 
general,  1865,  and  major-general, 
1866;  held  department  commands 
after  the  war;  was  a  Democratic 
candidate  for  the  Presidency;  died 
at  Governor's  Island,  near  New 
York,  February  9,  1886 

Arrives  at  Gettysburg,  24,  780; 
valor  at  Gettysburg  782;  wounded 
in  Pickett's  charge,  782;  at  Spott- 
sylvania,  789;  Presidential  nominee, 
930;  sketch  of,  930 

Handsome  Englishman,  The:  see 
Marlborough,  John  Churchhill,  Duke 
of 

Hanging  Gardens  of  Babylon,  6th 
century  B.  C:  description  of,  1,  92 

Hanging  Rock,  South  Carolina:  battle 
of  (1780),  23,  274 

Hanka,  Wenceslaus  (1791-1861),  Bo- 
hemian philosopher  and  poet:  sketch 

of,  17.  343 

Hanki  (ca.  1850),  Chinese  general: 
in  the  Anglo-China  War,  6,  175 

Hanlin  College,  Peking,  China:  es- 
tablished, 6,  27,  28;  destruction  of, 
283,  302 

Hanna,  Marcus  Alonzo  (1 837-1 904), 
United  States  Senator:  agitated  for 
Presidency,  24,  1063 

Hannecourt,  Netherlands:  battle  of 
(1642),  13,  214 

Hannibal  (d.  406  B.  C),  grandson  of 
Hamilcar,  Carthaginian  general: 
takes  Selinus,  2,  408;  Himera,  409; 
death  of,  410 

Hannibal,  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
conquerors  of  the  world:  born  about 


247  B.  C;  swore  everlasting  enmity 
to  the  Romans  as  a  child;  became 
commander-in-chief  of  the  army, 
221;  and  first  subjugated  some  Span- 
ish tribes;  attacked  Saguntum,  an 
ally  of  the  Romans,  219,  and  cap- 
tured it  after  a  siege  of  eight 
months;  thus  began  the  second 
Punic  War;  crossed  the  Alps  to  in- 
vade Italy;  gained  the  victories  of 
the  Ticino  and  the  Trebia,  218,  of 
Lake  Thrasymene,  217,  and  of 
Cannae,  216;  captured  the  city  of 
Capua  and  took  up  his  winter  quar- 
ters there;  won  Tarentum,  213; 
gained  a  victory  over  the  two  Scip- 
ios  in  Spain,  212;  fought  against 
superior  forces  for  nearly  four  years 
in  the  peninsula  of  Bruttium;  re- 
turned to  Africa,  203,  in  defense  of 
his  country;  was  defeated  at  Zama, 
202,  and  in  the  peace  which  fol- 
lowed the  Romans  dictated  the  con- 
ditions; became  chief  magistrate  of 
the  republic,  201;  went  into  volun- 
tary exile,  195;  went  to  Antiochus 
of  Syria  about  194  and  was  kindly 
received;  his  fortune  there  suffering 
reverses,  he  fled  to  the  court  of 
Prusias,  King  of  Bithynia;  upon  the 
demand  for  his  surrender  by  a  Ro- 
man embassy,  he  poisoned  himself, 
183  B.  C. 

At  battle  of  Mylae,  3,  101;  swears 
enmity  to  Rome,  112;  sketch  of,  113; 
character  of,  8,  14;  attacks  Sagun- 
tum, 3,  114;  invades  Italy,  114;  at 
the  battle  of  Lake  Trasimene,  118; 
at  battle  of  Nola,  123;  at  battle  of 
Grumentum,  128;  recalled  to  Africa, 
130;  reorganizes  Carthage,  134;  re- 
ceived at  the  court  of  Antiochus, 
144;  death,  146 

Hanno,  King  of  Gaza,  ca.  750  B.  G: 
revolts  against  Assyria,  1,  84 

Hanno  (ca.  264  B.  G),  Carthaginian 
naval  commander:  blockades  Mes- 
sana,  3,  100 

Hanno,  surnamed  the  Great  (ca.  240 
B.  C),  leader  of  the  aristocratic 
party  at  Carthage:  his  colonizing 
expedition  along  the  coast  of  Africa, 
19,  6 


GENERAL    INDEX 


315 


Hanno  (ca.  200  B.  C.)>  Carthaginian 
general,  son  of  Gisgo:  defeated  by 
Scipio,  8,  16;  taken  prisoner  by  the 
Romans,  18 

Hanno  (d.  1075),  •  Archbishop  of 
Cologne:  conspiracy  of,  18,  131 

Hanoi,  capital  of  Tongking,  China: 
taken  by  the  French,  20,  273;  made 
capital  of  Indo-China,  274 

Hanover,  province  of  Prussia:  sur- 
rendered to  the  French,  18,  336,  339; 
given  to  Prussia,  371;  taken  by  the 
Prussians   (1866),  41b 

Hanover,  Treaties  of: 

1725.  Concluded      between       Eng- 
land, France,  and  Prussia,  9,  234 

1726.  Concluded    between    Holland 
and  the  Emperor  Charles  VI,  13, 

253 

Hanriot  (Henriot),  Frangois  (1761- 
1794),  French  revolutionist:  receives 
the  title  of  commandant-general  of 
the  insurrectionists,  10,  258;  re- 
leased by  Coffinhal,  315;  outlawed 
by  the  convention,  315;  turns  the 
cannon  upon  the  convention,  316; 
arrest  and  death  of,  9,  291,  10,  318 

Hans  (14SS-1513),  King  of  Denmark 
and  Norway:  reign  of,  16,  137;  pro- 
claimed King  of  Sweden,  138;  re- 
signs the  Swedish  crown,  140 

Hans  (ca.  1550),  son  of  Frederick  I 
of  Denmark:  sketch  of,  16,  194 

Hans  von  Rapperswil,  Count  (ca. 
1350),  Swiss  political  leader:  at- 
tempts to  aid  the  councilors  of  Zu- 
rich, 13,  376 

Hanseatic  (Hanse)  League  (The 
Hansa),  defensive  commercial  con- 
federacy formed  (1241)  by  port 
towns  of  northern  Germany  for  the 
purpose  of  checking  the  growth  of 
Danish  power:  founded,  18,  174; 
growth  of,  195;  acknowledges  Val- 
demar  (II)  Syr,  16,  85;  accorded 
autonomy,  89;  Albert  bestows  privi- 
leges on  the,  109;  at  war  with  Val- 
demar  IV  of  Denmark,  115;  Chris- 
tian gives  a  monopoly  of  trade  to, 
136;  presses  claim  against  Gustavus 
Vasa,  154;  decline  of,  18,  231;  power 
of,  20,  15 


Hanway,  Jonas  (1712-1786),  English 
traveler  and  philanthropist:  his  ef- 
forts in  behalf  of  slaves,  20,  130 

Hapsburg,  House  of,  German  princely 
family  ruling  from  the  nth  to  the 
18th  century:  rise  of,  13,  361,  17,  99. 
18,  179;  as  kings  of  Bohemia,  17, 
194;  ends  with  death  of  Charles  VI, 
13,  254,  15,  133,  17,  192,  18,  328,  23, 
163 

Harald  (I)  Hildetand  (8th  century), 
King  of  Denmark:  at  the  battle  of 
Bravalla,  16,  19 

Harald  (II)  Blaatand  (d.  ca.  985), 
King  of  Denmark,  ca.  935-ca.  985) : 
accession  of,  16,  28;  his  enmity  to 
Hakon,  53;  repelled  by  Otto  I,  18, 
in;  pays  tribute  to  Otto,  16,  60 

Harald  III,  King  of  Denmark,  1014- 
1018:   reign  of,  16,  31 

Harald  (IV)  Hejn,  King  of  Denmark, 
1076-1080:  reign  of,  16,  71 

Harald  (I)  Haarfager,  King  of  Nor- 
way, ca.  895:  forms  kingdom,  12, 
254;  Scandinavian  expansion  under, 
16,  34;  collects  sagas,  37;  reign  of, 
4i,  5i 

Harald  (II)  Graafell  (d.  963),  King  of 
Norway,  950-963:  reign  of,  16,  54; 
death  of,  29 

Harald  (III)  Haardrade  (d.  1066), 
King  of  Norway,  1046-1066;  acces- 
sion of,  16,  33;  ravages  Denmark, 
67;  plunders  coast  of  England,  11, 
65;  killed  at  Stanford  Bridge,  11, 
66,  1 6,  68 

Harald  (IV)  Gille  (d.  1136),  King  of 
Norway,  1130-1136:  defeats  Magnus 
Sigurdson,  16,  80;  career  of,  98 

Harald  Kesia  (d.  1135),  brother  of 
Erik  II,  King  of  Denmark:  death 
of,  16,  80 

Harald  Klak  (9th  century),  King  of 
Slesvig:  convertion  of,  16,  25 

Harald:  see  also  Harold 

Haranguer  (ca.  1590),  Dutch  naval 
commander:  plans  capture  of  Breda, 
13,  156 

Harbin,  Manchuria,  China:  occupied 
by  Russia,  7,  285,  15,  363 

Harcourt,  Count  of  (d.  1355):  execu- 
tion of,  9,  97 


316 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Harcourt,  Henry  of  Lorraine,  Count 
of:  see  Lorraine,  Henry  of,  Count  of 
Harcourt 

Hard  (Fussach),  Switzerland:  battle 
of  (1499),  13,  4i8 

Hardcastle,  Edmund  (19th  century), 
American  commander:  in  the  Mexi- 
can War,  23,  348 

Hardee,  William  J.  (1815-1873), 
American  soldier  in  Confederate 
service:  at  battle  of  Pittsburg  Land- 
ing, 24,  747;  at  Stone  River,  774; 
defends  Savannah,  805;  evacuates 
Charlestown,  808 

Hardegon  (Hardeknud)  (ca.  850  A. 
D.),  King  of  Leire:  career  of,  16,  21 

Hardenberg,  Prince  Karl  August  von 
(1750-1822),  Prussian  statesman: 
concludes  the  Treaty  of  Basel,  18, 
357;  his  efforts  to  liberate  Germany, 
379,  381 

Hardicanute:  see  Harthaknud 

Hardinge,  Sir  Henry  (1785-1856), 
English  general:  his  governor-gen- 
eralship of  India,  5,  219 

Hardy  (ca.  1795),  English  factionist: 
trial  of,  11,  543 

Harebone,  William  (ca.  1579),  Eng- 
lish merchant:  sent  to  Constanti- 
nople, 14,  202 

Harfleur,  sea-port  of  northern  France: 
siege  of  (1415),  9,  IIIf  ",  197 

Hargraves,  Edward  Hammond  (b. 
1816),  English  farmer:  discovers 
gold  in  Australia,  20,  201 

Hargreaves,  James  (d.  1778),  English 
inventor:  invents  the  spinning-jenny 
(1767),  11,  533 

Harlaw,  Scotland:  battle  of  (141 1), 
12,  289 

Harlem  Heights,  New  York:  battle  of 
(1776),  23,  243 

Harley,  Robert  (1661-1724),  Earl  of 
Oxford:  holds  office  as  a  moderate 
Tory,  11,  455;  becomes  Lord  High 
Treasurer  and  Earl  of  Oxford,  463; 
resigns  office,  466;  impeached,  469 

Harmar  (ca.  1790),  American  general: 
sent  against  Indians,  23,  365 

Harmodius  (d.  527  B.  C),  Athenian 
patriot:  attempts  overthrow  of  tyr- 
anny at  Athens,  2,  112 


Harmon,      Judson      (1846 ),      an 

American  lawyer:  attorney-general, 
24,  993  note 

Harmosts  (ca.  404  B.  C),  Spartan 
governors:  system  of,  2,  381 

Harmozan  (ca.  650  A.  D.),  Persian 
satrap:  surrenders  to  Arabs,  I,  264 

Harney,  William  Selby  (1800-1889), 
American  general:  in  the  Mexican 
War,  22,  326 

Haro,  Nunez  de  (ca.  1787),  Arch- 
bishop of  Mexico:  his  administra- 
tion as  viceroy  of  New  Spain,  22, 
214 

Harold  I  (d.  1040),  King  of  England 
1 035-1040:  reign  of,  11,  60,  16,  32 

Harold  II,  King  of  England,  January 
10-October  14,  1066:  son  of  God- 
win, Earl  of  Kent;  was  appointed 
commander  of  the  royal  army  and 
won  victories  over  the  Welsh  about 
1062;  imprisoned  by  William,  Duke 
of  Normandy,  when  he  was  ship- 
wrecked upon  the  coast  of  France 
about  1065,  but  was  .et  free  upon 
his  oath  to  help  William  to  the 
throne  upon  the  death  of  Edward 
the  Confessor;  was  proclaimed  king 
himself,  1066,  and  William  soon  de- 
manded the  crown  of  him;  Harold 
refused;  defeated  his  brother  Tostig 
and  the  King  of  Norway,  but  three 
days  later  was  killed  in  the  Battle 
of  Hastings,  October  14,  1066,  by 
which  victory  William  became  the 
ruler  of  England 

Becomes  Earl  of  Wessex,  11,  63; 
accession  to  English  throne,  64;  at 
battle  of  Stamford  Bridge,  66;  de- 
feated by  William  the  Conqueror,  9, 
68;  death  of,  11,  67 

Harold:  see  also  Harald 

Haroun  Al  Raschid  (ca.  766-809  A. 
D.),  Eastern  caliph:  his  relations 
with  Charlemagne,  18,  85;  invades 
the  Eastern  Empire,  I,  350;  reign 
of,  1,  350,  5,  326 

Harpagus,  the  Mede  (6th  century  B. 
C),  Persian  general:  conquests  of, 
2,  125 

Harper's  Ferry,  West  Virginia:  John 
Brown's  raid  upon,  24,  674;  seized 


GENERAL    INDEX 


317 


by  confederates,  717;  Lee  enters 
Maryland  at,  764;  captured  by  Con- 
federates (1862),  765 

Harris,  George  (1746-1829),  English 
general:  at  siege  of  Seringapatam,  5, 
200 

Harris,  Isham  G.  (1818-1897),  Amer- 
ican statesman:  heads  secession 
movement  in  Tennessee,  24,  719 

Harris,  James,  Earl  of  Malmesbury: 
see  Malmesbury,  James  Harris,  Earl 
of 

Harris,  Townsend  (1804-1878),  Amer- 
ican diplomat:  sent  as  consul-gen- 
eral to  Japan,  7,  157 

Harris  Papyrus,  Egyptian  document 
of  13th  century  B.  C. :  value  of,  1, 
28 

Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania:  convention 
for  protection  of  manufacturers 
meets  at,  23,  472;  Whig  convention 
(1839),  24,  520;  Lincoln  makes 
speech  at,  706;  Lee's  objective 
point,  779 

Harrison,  Benjamin  (1740-1791), 
American  politician:  delegate  to 
first  Continental  Congress,  23,  223; 
great-grandfather  of  President  Har- 
rison, 24,  965 

Harrison,  Benjamin  (1833-1901),  Pres- 
ident of  the  United  States,  1889- 
1893:  nominated  President,  24, 
965;  sketch  of,  965;  election,  967; 
pardons  Mormon  polygamists,  984; 
nominated  for  President  (1892), 
988;  complications  with  Hawaii, 
998 

Harrison,  John  (1693-1776),  English 
mechanician:  aids  nautical  science, 
20,  123 

Harrison,  William  Henry  (1773-1841), 
President  of  the  United  States, 
March  4-April  4,  1841:  defeats  In- 
dians at  Tippecanoe,  23,  416;  Per- 
ry's dispatch  to,  423;  victory  at  Fort 
Meigs,  425;  recaptures  Detroit,  425; 
his  rise  in  War  of  1812,  433;  can- 
didate for  Presidential  nomination, 
510;  nominated  for  President,  24, 
521;  early  life  of,  524;  election,  524; 
inauguration,  525;  death,  525 

Harrison  Expedition,  The  (1905),  Arc- 


tic exploring  expedition:  history  of, 
16,  338 

Harrison's  Landing,  Virginia:  Mc- 
Clellan's  retreat  to,  24,  762 

Harry  the  Minstrel,  Blind  (15th  cen- 
tury), Scottish  bard:  sketch  of,  12, 
309 

Hart,  Sir  Robert   (1835 ),  British 

administrator:  his  services  to  China, 
6,  250 

Hartford,  Connecticut:  founded,  23, 
91;  convention  at  (1814),  433 

"Hartford,"  Union  ship:  at  the  cap- 
ture of  New  Orleans,  24,  751;  Far- 
ragut's  flagship,  24,  798 

Harthacnut:  see  Harthaknud 

Harthaknud  (ca.  1019-1042),  King  of 
Denmark,  1039-1042;  becomes  King 
of  England,  11,  60;  reign  of,  16,  32 

Hartmann  von  Kibung  (d.  1322), 
Swiss  rebel:  attempts  to  extend  his 
rights,  13,  360;  death  of,  373 

Hartslime,  Lieutenant  (19th  century), 
American  military  officer:  rescues 
the  Kane  expedition,  16,  312 

Harun  al  Raschid:  see  Haroun  al  Ra- 
shid 

Harvard,  John  (1607-1638),  English 
clergyman:  first  benefactor  of  Har- 
vard University,  23,  91;  bequeaths 
property  and  library  to  college,  140 

Harvard  University,  Cambridge,  Mas- 
sachusetts: founded,  23,  91,  140; 
early  catalogues  of,  131;  graduates 
in  Constitutional  Convention,  323; 
John  Adams  a  graduate  from,  371; 
Roosevelt,  a  graduate  from,  1068 

Harvey,  Bagenal  (d.  1798),  Irish  rebel 
leader:  in  the  Rebellion  of  1798,  12, 
211;  death  of,  213 

Harvey,  Sir  John  (1778-1852),  British 
soldier:  makes  concessions  to  the 
legislature  of  New  Brunswick,  20, 
163 

Hasan  (ca.  1600),  Pasha  of  Bosnia: 
defeated  at  Sisek,  17,  223 

Hasan  Uzum  (Hasan  the  Long)  (15th 
century),  Turkish  governor:  con- 
quests of,  5,  339 

Hasankin,  King  of  Shiragi,  ca.  200  A. 
D.:  submits  to  the  Japanese,  7,  13 

Hasdai    ben    Isaac    (915-970    A.    D.), 


318 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Jewish  councilor:  vizier  of  Cordova, 

1,417 

Hasdrubal  (d.  221  B.  C),  Cartha- 
ginian general,  son-in-law  of  Ham- 
ilcar  Barca:  his  campaign  in  Sicily, 
3,  102;  statesmanship  of,  112;  ac- 
companies Hamilcar  to  Spain,  3, 
112,  8,  13;  death,  3,  113 

Hasdrubal  (d.  ca.  200  B.  C.)»  son  of 
Gisgo,  Carthaginian  soldier:  de- 
feated by  Martius,  8,  17;  defeated 
by  Scipio  Africanus,  18 

Hasdrubal  (ca.  150  B.  C),  Cartha- 
ginian soldier:  defeated  by  Massin- 
issa,  3,  163 

Hasdrubal  Barca  (d.  207  B.  C),  Car- 
thaginian general,  son  of  Hamilcar 
Barca  and  brother  of  Hannibal:  de- 
feated by  Scipios,  8,  16;  in  com- 
mand in  Spain,  3,  114;  at  battle  of 
Cannae,  121 ;  at  battle  of  Baecula, 
127;  crosses  the  Pyrenees,  128; 
death,  128 

Hashiba  Hideyoshi:  see  Toyotomi  Hi- 
deyoshi 

Haspinger  (ca.  1800),  Tyrolese  insur- 
rectionist, called  Father  Joachim  of 
the  Red  Beard:  sketch  of,  17,  297 

Hassan  (625-699  A.  D.),  Mohammedan 
caliph:   abdicates,   1,  248 

Hassan  (ca.  690  A.  D.),  governor  of 
Egypt:  attempts  conquest  of  Africa, 
1,  306 

Hassan  ibn  as-Sabbah  (ca.  13th  cen- 
tury), leader  of  a  fanatic  sect  of 
the  Ismailites:  sketch  of,  5,  332 

Hassan  Pasha  (ca.  1800),  Turkish  gen- 
eral: at  the  battle  of  Tchesme,  15, 
179;  defeated  by  Repnin,  185 

Hasselaar,  Catherine  van  (16th  cen- 
tury), Flemish  patriot  woman: 
sketch  of,  13,  114 

Hasslach,  Germany:  battle  of  (1805), 
9,  326 

Hastenbeck,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1757), 
9,  245,  11,  499 

Hastings,  English  sea-port:  battle  of 
(1066),  9,  68;  see  also  Senlac 

Hastings,  Francis  Rawdon  (1754- 
1826),  English  general:  his  govern- 
orship of  India,  s,  206;  at  battle  of 
Hobkirk's  Hill,  23,  282 


Hastings,  John  (ca.  1300),  heir  of  Wil- 
liam the  Lion,  of  Scotland:  claims 
Scottish  throne,  12,  271 

Hastings,  Warren  (1732-1818),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  attempts  to  compro- 
mise with  Mir  Kasim,  5,  187;  made 
governor  of  India,  189;  appointed 
governor  of  Bengal,  11,  526;  im- 
peachment of,  5,  192,  11,  192 

Hastings,  William,  Lord  (ca.  1430- 
1483),  English  nobleman:  death,  11, 
220 

Hatakeyama  Masanaga  (ca.  1450), 
Japanese  war  official:  plots  against, 
7,98 

Hatakeyama  Yoshinari  (ca.  1450), 
Japanese  factionist:  claims  regency, 
7,98 

Hatasu  (ca.  1450  B.  C),  aunt  of 
Thothmes  III  of  Egypt:  regency  of, 
1,  23 

Hate  of  Englishmen,  The:  see  O'Neill, 
Shane,  Lord  of  Ulster 

Hatria,  Italy:  founded,  3,  57 

Hats  (Hattar),  political  party  of  Swe- 
den, 16,  226 

Hatti  Humaiun,  The,  decree  issued  by 
the  Porte  of  Turkey,  recognizing 
the  rights  of  Christians   (1856),  14, 

47i 
Hatto  (ca.  800  A.  D.),  Swiss  prelate: 
commands  the  collection  of  books, 

13,  341 

Hatto,  Archbishop  of  Mayence,  891- 
913  A.  D.:  appointed  regent  of  Ger- 
many, 18,   100 

Hatzfeld  (ca.  1650),  Austrian  general: 
at  the  battle  of  Jaukowitz,  16,   187 

Haugwitz,  Christian  August  Heinrich 
Kurt,  Prince  von  (1752-1832),  a 
Prussian  statesman:  policy  of,  15, 
214;  made  chancellor  of  the  hered- 
itary provinces,  17,  257 

Haultain  (ca.  1605),  Dutch  admiral:  at 
battle  of  Dover,  13,  180 

Havana,  Cuba:  founded,  22,  447;  battle 
of  (1628),  13,  209;  taken  by  the  Eng- 
lish (1762),  20,  118,  22,  201;  massa- 
cres of  (1869),  327 

Havelock,  Sir  Henry  (1795-1857),  a 
British  soldier:  his  campaigns  dur- 
ing the  Indian  Mutiny,  5,  237 


GENERAL    INDEX 


319 


Haverhill,  Massachusetts:  heroism  of 
Hannah  Dustin  at,  23,  159;  attack 
on  (1708),  161 

Havlicek,  Charles  (ca.  1850),  Bohe- 
mian satirist:  founds  the  "Official 
Gazette,"  17,  351 

Havre,  France:  bombarded  (1759),  II, 
501 

Hawaiian  Islands,  a  group  of  islands 
in  the  North  Pacific:  history  of,  20, 
307;  concludes  treaty  with  Japan, 
7,  189;  revolution,  24,  998;  Presi- 
dent Harrison  concludes  treaty  with, 
998;  republic  organized,  999;  an- 
nexed to  the  United  States,  1034 

Hawke,  Sir  Edward  (1705-1781),  an 
English  admiral:  sent  against  the 
French  (17SS).  "»  496;   (i7S9),  501 

Hawke's  Bay,  province  of  New  Zea- 
land: formed,  20,  213 

Hawkeye  State,  The:  see  Iowa 

Hawkins,  Sir  John  (1532-1595),  Eng- 
lish naval  hero:  his  voyages  to  Af- 
rica, 19,  29;  visits  the  French  colony 
on  the  St.  John's,  23,  47;  in  the  war 
with  Spain,  54 

Hawkins,  William  (ca.  1600),  English 
captain:  envoy  to  the  court  of  the 
Great  Mogul,  5,  160 

Hawkwood,  Sir  John  (ca.  1320-1394), 
English  adventurer:  in  the  Italian 
wars,  4,  253 

Hawley  (ca.  1700),  British  general:  his 
campaign  against  the  Young  Pre- 
tender, 11,  487 

Hawthorne,  Nathaniel  (1804-1864), 
American  author:  in  American  lit- 
erature, 23,  481 

Hay,  John,  an  American  writer  and 
diplomat:  born  at  Salem,  Ind.,  Oc- 
tober 8,  1838;  graduated  at  Brown 
University,  1858;  and  entered  the  bar 
at  Springfield,  Illinois,  1861;  became 
private  secretary  and  aide  to  Presi- 
dent Lincoln,  1861-1865;  employed 
in  diplomatic  service,  1865-1870; 
joined  the  editorial  staff  of  the  "  New 
York  Tribune;"  was  assistant  secre- 
tary of  state  in  Washington,  1879- 
1881;  and  ambassador  to  England, 
1897;  became  secretary  of  state, 
1898;  died,  1905 
His  negotiations   with   the   Great 


Powers,  7,  279;  his  note  to  Russian 
and  Chinese  governments  concern- 
ing Manchuria,  289;  decides  the  prin- 
ciple in  the  settlements  of  the  claims 
of  the  allied  powers  against  China, 
24,  1048;  the  isthmian  canal,  1058; 
concludes  treaty  with  Panama,  1060 

Hay  Bond  Commercial  Reciprocity 
Treaty,  proposed  treaty  between  the 
United  States  and  Newfoundland 
(1904),  24,  1077 

Hayashi,  Viscount  (ca.  1900),  Japa- 
nese representative  to  England:  ne- 
gotiates treaty  with  England,  7, 
232 

Haydn,  Joseph  (1732-1809),  Austrian 
musical  composer:  sketch  of,  17, 
261 

Hayes,  Isaac  Israel  (1832-1881),  Amer- 
ican Arctic  explorer:  explorations 
of,  16,  312 

Hayes,  Rutherford  Birchard  (1822- 
1893),  President  of  the  United 
States,  1877-1881:  nominated  for 
President  (1876),  24,  907;  early  ca- 
reer, 908;  elected  President,  913;  in- 
auguration, 914;  "star  route" 
frauds,  936;  civil  service  reform,  938 

Hay-Herran  Treaty,  concluded  be- 
tween United  States  and  Colombia 
(1903),  20,  332 

Haynau,  Julius  Jacob,  Baron  von 
(1786-1853),  Austrian  general:  in 
the  Hungarian  insurrection,  15,  301; 
17,  372,  18,  402 

Hayne,  Robert  Young  (1791-1840), 
American  politician:  attacks  Foote's 
resolution,  23,  489;  views  on  nullifi- 
cation, 495 

Hay-Pauncefote  Treaty,  concluded  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain   (1901),  20,  331,  24,   1058 

Hayti  (Hispaniolo),  one  of  the  West 
India  Islands:  discovered  and 
named,  21,  7,  23,  32;  becomes  inde- 
pendent, 20,  139;  French  expedition 
against,  140;  attacked  by  Spaniards, 
22,  180;  main  treatment,  491 

Hay-Varilla  Treaty,  concluded  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  the 
Republic  of  Panama  (1903):  liberal 
concessions  granted  by,  24,  1060 

Hazael   (ca.  886-842  B.  C),   King  of 


320 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Damascus:  reign  of,  I,  181;  at  war 
with  Israel,  392 

Hazlerigg,  Sir  Arthur  (ca.  1640),  Eng- 
lish  statesman;   impeached,   XI,  343 

Head,  Sir  Edmund  (1805-1868),  Eng- 
lish colonial  governor:  governor  of 
Canada,  20,  161 

Hearne,  Samuel  (1745-1792),  English 
explorer:  explorations  of,  16,  307 

Hearst,  William  Randolph  (1863 ), 

newspaper  publisher:  candidate  for 
Presidential  nomination,  24,  1065 

Hearts,  The  Queen  of:  see  Elizabeth, 
Queen  of  Bohemia 

Hearts  of  Oak,  association  of  Irish 
peasantry  in  Ulster  against  tyranny 
of  the  gentry  (ca.  1765),  12,  176 

Hearts  of  Steel,  Irish  insurgents 
against  tyranny  of  the  gentry 
(1769),  12,  176 

Heath,  William  (1737-1814),  American 
general:  at  West  Point,  23,  284 

Heathfield,  England:  battle  of  (633  A. 
D.),  11,  34 

Heber,  Reginald  (1783-1826),  English 
prelate  and  Bishop  of  Calcutta: 
made  bishop,  5,  206 

Hebert,  Jacques  Rene  (1755-1794). 
French  revolutionist:  arrest  of,  10, 
256;  death  of,  9,  288 

Hebertists,  The  (ca.  1790),  French 
revolutionary  party:  principles  of, 
10,  1283;  struggle  of,  with  the  com- 
mittee of  public  safety,  284;  attacked 
by  Robespierre,  284 

Hebrews:  see  Israel,  History  of 

Hebrides,  The,  group  of  islands  west 
of  Scotland:  Magnus  Lagabaeter 
sells,  16,  100 

Hecataeus  of  Miletus  (ca.  500  B  C), 
Greek  geographer  and  historian: 
ridiculed  by  Herodotus,  2,  21;  makes 
a  map  of  the  world,  19,  8 

Hecker,  Friedrich  Karl  Franz  (181 1- 
1881),  a  German  revolutionist:  leads 
political  faction,  18,  399 

Hector,  in  Greek  legend,  the  heroic 
son  of  Priam  and  Hecuba:  in  Ho- 
mer's Iliad,  2,  29 

Hedemann,  General  (ca.  1850),  Danish 
general:  in  the  Slesvig-Holstein 
War,  16,  270 


Hedervary,  Count  (living),  Hungarian 
statesman:  made  premier  of  Hun- 
gary, 17,  442 

Hedges,  Sir  William  (ca.  1650),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  made  governor  of 
Bengal,  5,  165 

Hedvig  Sofia  (ca.  1700),  Duchess  of 
Holstein-Gottorp:  her  claim  on  the 
Danish  throne,  16,  225;  regency  of, 
236 

Hedwig  (ca.  1350),  Queen  of  Den- 
mark: marriage  of,  16,  114 

Hedwig  Eleanore  of  Holstein-Gottorp 
(1660),  Queen  of  Sweden:  a  mem- 
ber of  the  council  of  regency,  16, 
210 

Hedwiga  (1371-1399),  Queen  of  Po- 
land: reign  of,  15,  277 

Heemskirk,  Jakob  van  (d.  1607), 
Dutch  navigator:  discovers  Spitz- 
bergen,  13,  167;  at  battle  of  the  Bay 
of   Gibraltar,   183 

Heemskirk,  Van  (ca.  i860),  Dutch  pol- 
itician: leads  Conservative  party,  13, 

315 

Heer,  Oswald  (1809-1883),  Swiss  natu- 
ralist: sketch  of,  13,  584 

Hegetschweiler  (1789-1839),  Swiss 
botanist:  publishes  his  plant  descrip- 
tions, 13,  521 

Hegira,  The,  the  flight  of  Mohammed 
from  Mecca  to  Medina:  forms  the 
starting  point  of  the  Mohammedan 
calendar  (622  A.  D.) :  1,  221 

Hegushagu,   Korea:  battle  of,  7,  119 

Hei-an  Epoch,  the  interval  during 
which  the  Japanese  seat  of  govern- 
ment was  at  Hei-an  Kyo  (794-1186 
A.  D.),  7,  38 

Heidegger,  Johann  Heinrich  (1633- 
1698),  Swiss  author:  sketch  of,  13, 
482 

Heidelberg,  Germany:  destroyed  by 
Tilly,  18,  272 

Heights  of  Abraham:  see  Abraham, 
Plains  of 

Heiji  Insurrection,  oligarchic  disturb- 
ance in  Japan  (1159),  7,  57 

Heilbronn,  Germany:  meeting  at,  18, 
285 

Heiligerlee,  Germany:  battle  of  (1568), 
13,  109 


GENERAL    INDEX 


321 


Heilsburg,  Germany:  battle  of  (1807), 

Heimskringla,  The,  history  of  the 
kings  of  Norway  to  12th  century: 
account  of,  16,  8;  quoted,  35,  57 

Hein,  Pedro:  see  Heyn,  Peter 

Heinrich  von  Bubenberg  (ca.  1450), 
Swiss  government  arbitrator:  sketch 
of,  13,  402 

Heinricksson  (ca.  1575),  a  Swedish 
traitor:  poisons  Erik,  16,  164 

Heinsius,  Antonius  (1641-1720),  Dutch 
statesman:  policy  of,  13,  248;  influ- 
ence of,  249 

Heister  (ca.  1700),  Austrian  general: 
defeats  the  Hungarians,  17,  233 

Hekitei-kan,  Korea:  battle  of   (1600), 

7,  119 
Helen        of        Mecklenburg-Schwerin 

(1814-1858):  marries  the  Duke  of 
Orleans,  9,  414 

Helen  of  Troy,  in  Greek  legend,  the 
wife  of  Menelaus:  story  of,  2,  29 

Heifer,     Hinton     Rowan     (1829 ), 

American  author:  author  of  "The 
Impending  Crisis,"  24,  677 

Helfmann,  Jessa  (19th  century),  a 
Jewish  conspirator  in  Russia:  ban- 
ishment of,  15,  339 

Heliaea  (ca.  500  B.  C.),  an  Athenian 
tribunal:  powers  of,  2,  147 

Helicon,  Mount,  in  Boeotia,  Greece, 
celebrated  in  mythology  as  the 
abode  of  the  Muses:  description  of, 
2,   11,   12 

Heligoland  (Holy  Land),  island  in  the 
North   Sea:   ceded  to  Germany,  19, 

145 
Heling,    Raphael    (ca.    1750),    Spanish 

government  regent:  examines  mines 

at  Talchapa,  22,  209 
Heliopolis,  a  city  in  Egypt:  conquered 

by   the    Saracens,   1,   279;    battle   of 

(1800),  9,  318,  10,  440,  14,  384 
Helius    (d.   68   A.    D.),    Roman   court 

favorite:    recalls   Nero   to   Rome,  4, 

66 
Hellas,    originally    a    town    and    small 

district      in       Phthiotis,      Thessaly, 

later    the    lands    inhabited    by    the 

Hellenes:   restricted  sense   of,  2,  7; 

mythical  inhabitants  of,  3,  33 
Hellen,   in   Greek   mythology,   a   king 


in  Thessaly:  mythical  father  of  the 
Hellenes,  2,  9,  23 

Hellenotamiae  (ca.  475  B.  C.),  Greek 
government  officials:  in  confederacy 
of  Delos,  2,  227,  258 

Hellespont,  in  ancient  geography  the 
name  of  the  strait  of  Dardanelles: 
bridged  by  Darius,  2,  131,  by  Xerxes, 
183;  Athenian  operations  in,  222; 
made  Spartan  base  of  operations, 
363 

Hellichius  (ca.  1775),  Swedish  captain: 
revolt  of,  16,  247 

Helots,  state-slaves  among  ancient 
Spartans:  introduced  in  Sparta,  2, 
70;  conspire  with  Pausanias,  228; 
rising  of,  237;  subdued,  246 

Helsingfors,  capital  of  Finland:  taken 
by  the  Russians  (1713),  15,  64: 
Swedes  capitulate  at,  16,  228 

Helt,  Mathew  (ca.  1600),  a  Dutch  sol- 
dier:  aids  in  capture  of  Breda,   13, 

156 

Helvetians  (Helvetii),  Celtic  tribe:  lo- 
cation of,  18,  7;  revolt  of  (107  B. 
C),  3,  193;  migration  of,  301;  Caesar 
defeats,  3,  302,  9,  8 

Helvetic  Constitution  (1798),  proposed 
to  the  Swiss  cantons:  forced  upon 
the  people,  13,  512 

Helvetic  Society  (1762),  association  of 
patriots  of  French  and  German 
Switzerland:  organized,  13,  491; 
made  a  political  association,  530 

Helvetii:  see  Helvetians 

Hembyse,  John  (d.  1584),  a  Dutch  in- 
triguer: becomes  a  demagogue,  13, 
129;  death  of,  141 

Hemmerli,  Felix  (ca.  1450),  Swiss 
canon:  sketch  of,  13,  428;  condemns 
the  laxness  of  the  clergy,  431 

Hemmingen,  Niels  (ca.  1570),  a  Dan- 
ish theologian:  persecution  of,  16, 
197 

Hemmingstedt,  Germany:  battle  of 
(1500),  16,  139 

Hen  State,  The  Blue:  see  Delaware 

Hen  State,  The  Sage:  see  Nevada 

Henderson,  Alexander  (1 583-1646),  a 
Scottish  ecclesiastic:  leader  of  the 
Scotch    Presbyterians,    12,   358 

Henderson,  David  Bremner  (1840 
),   United   States   congressman: 


322 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


elected  Speaker  of  the  House,  24, 
1050;  retirement  of,  1053 

Hendricks,  Thomas  Andrews  (1819- 
1885),  American  statesman,  nomi- 
nated for  Vice-President  (1876),  24, 
909;   (1884),  944 

Hendrik  Wittboi  (19th  century),  Af- 
rican chieftain:  resists  Germans,  19, 
173 

Hengist  (d.  488  A.  D.),  chief  of  the 
Jutes:  invades  England,  IX,  17,  18, 

39 

Hennepin,  Louis  (1640-1701),  French 
missionary  and  explorer:  explora- 
tions of,  23,  51 

Henri  (late  13th  century),  King  of 
Navarre:  marriage  of,  8,  206;  reign 
of,  207 

Henri:  see  also  Henry 

Henri  of  Besangon  (late  nth  century), 
Count  of  Portugal:  reign  of,  8,  272 

Henries,  War  of  the  Three,  between 
Henri  III  of  France,  Henri  of  Na- 
varre and  Henri,  Due  de  Guise 
(1584-1589),  9,    161 

Henrietta  (1644-1670),  Duchesse  d'Or- 
leans:  negotiates  alliance  between 
Louis  XIV  of  France  and  Charles  II 
of  England,  11,  394 

Henrietta  Maria  (1609-1669),  Queen 
of  England:  marries  Charles  I  of 
England,  II,  318;  names  Maryland, 
23,  68 

Henrik  (ca.  1400),  Duke  of  Osna- 
briick:  makes  war  on  Elizabeth  of 
Holstein,  16,  125 

Henrik  (ca.  1150),  Archbishop  of  Up- 
sala:  career  of,  16,  102 

Henriot:  see  Hanriot 

Henrique  (1512-1580),  King  of  Por- 
tugal: regent  for  Sebastian,  8,  440; 
reign  of,  447 

Henrique  (1394-1460),  Infante  of  Por- 
tugal: scientific  career  of,  8,  304; 
campaign  of,  in  Africa,  305 

Henrique:  see  also  Henry  and  Henri 

Henry  (I)  the  Fowler  (876-936),  Holy 
Roman  Emperor,  919-936:  at  war 
with  Conrad  I,  18,  104;  accession  of, 
105;  invades  Bohemia,  17,  62;  his 
relations  with  Gorm  den  Gamle,  16, 
28;  at  war  with  France,  9,  55 

Henry    (II),   Saint    (972-1024),   Holy 


Roman  Emperor,  1014-1024;  acces- 
sion of,  18,  121;  invades  Italy,  4, 
183 

Henry  (III)  the  Old,  the  Black,  or 
the  Pious,  Holy  Roman  Emperor, 
1039-1056:  born  at  Osterbeck  in  the 
Netherlands,  October  28,  1017;  was 
the  son  of  Conrad  II  whom  he  suc- 
ceeded; compelled  Hungary,  Bohe- 
mia, Apulia,  and  Calabria  to  ac- 
knowledge themselves  as  vassals  of 
the  empire;  deposed  the  Popes, 
Benedict  IX,  Sylvester  III,  and 
Gregory  IV  and  appointed  Clement 
II,  1046;  raised  the  imperial  power 
to  its  greatest  height;  died  at  Bod- 
field  in  the  Harz,  Germany,  October 
S»  1056 

Betrothed  to  Gunhilde,  18,  125; 
reign  of,  128;  condition  of  Switzer- 
land under,  13,  345 

Henry  IV,  Holy  Roman  Emperor, 
1056-1105:  born  at  Goslar,  Prussia, 
November  n,  1050;  succeeded  his 
father,  Henry  III,  in  1056;  struggled 
with  Pope  Gregory  VII  who  obliged 
him  to  sue  for  absolution  at  Ca- 
nossa,  1077;  was  crowned  emperor, 
1084,  by  Clement  III  whom  he  had 
raised  to  papal  power  in  opposition 
to  Gregory;  led  an  expedition  to 
Italy  to  protect  Clement  against 
Victor  III,  the  successor  of  Gregory, 
1090;  fought  against  his  son,  Con- 
rad, who  had  allied  himself  with 
the  papal  party,  1193;  was  deposed 
and  imprisoned  by  his  son,  after- 
ward Henry  VI,  1105;  escaped  and 
died  at  Liege,  Belgium,  August  7, 
1106 

Minority  of,  18,  131;  accession  of, 
131;  reign  of,  132;  at  war  with  the 
Pope,  9,  69,  18,  134;  seeks  assist- 
ance of  Svend  Estridsen,  16,  70; 
grants  charter  to  Pisa,  4,  187 

Henry  V  (1081-1125),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1111-1125:  rebellion  of, 
18,  137;  reign  of,  139;  heirs  of,  142 

Henry  VI  (1165-1197),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1190-1197:  marries  Con- 
stance of  Sicily,  4,  196,  18,  155;  his 
reign  in  Sicily,  4,  196;  crowned  King 
of  Germany,  18,  154;  reign  of,  156; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


imprisons  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion,  9, 
76,  11,  113 

Henry  (VII)  of  Luxemburg  (1262- 
1313),  Holy  Roman  Emperor,  1308- 
1313:  reign  of,  17,  1,13,  18,  185;  his 
influence  in  Italy,  4,  219;  condition 
of   Switzerland    under,    13,   364 

Henry  of  Carinthia  (d.  1335),  King  of 
Bohemia:  reign  of,  17,  113;  deposed, 
18,  185 

Henry  II  (1339-1379),  King  of  Castile, 
1369-1379:  rebellions  of,  8,  164,  11, 
167;  accession  of,  8,  166,  9,  103;  his 
second  conquest  of  the  kingdom,  8, 
169;  reign  of,  171;  at  war  with  Na- 
varre, 211 

Henry  (III)  the  Infirm  (1379-1406), 
King  of  Castile:  reign  of,  8,  175 

Henry  (IV)  "the  Impotent"  (1423- 
1474),  King  of  Castile:  campaigns 
against  the  Moors,  8,  120;  at  war 
with  Juan  II  of  Aragon,  178,  266; 
reign  of,  180 

Henry  I  (1068-1135),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1100-1135,  called  The  Lion  of 
Justice:  reign  of,  11,  88;  becomes 
Duke  of  the  Normans,  89;  marries 
Matilda,  12,  261;  at  war  with  Louis 
VI  of  France,  9,  72,  11,  92;  death, 

",  93 

Henry  II  (1133-1189),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1154-1189:  knighted,  12,  264; 
character  of,  XI,  96,  97;  invades 
England,  96;  reign  of,  97;  marries 
Eleanor  of  Aquitaine,  9,  74,  11,  96; 
agrees  to  aid  Dermont  MacMur- 
rogh,  12,  49;  invades  Ireland,  51; 
death  of,  9,  75,  11,  no;  summary  of 
his  reign,  11,  no 

Henry  III  (1207-1272),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1216-1272:  reign  of,  11,  130; 
at  war  with  Louis  IX  of  France, 
9,  80;  persecutes  the  Jews,  1,  420; 
concludes  treaty  with  Alfonso  X  of 
Leon,  8,  152;  his  relations  with 
Scotland,  12,  207;  death,  11,  141; 
summary  of  his  reign,  141 

Henry  IV  (1367-1413),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1399-1413:  takes  up  arms 
against  Richard  II,  11,  181;  created 
Duke  of  Herford,  185;  banished, 
185;  becomes  Duke  of  Lancaster, 
185;    claims    English    throne,    186; 


accession  of,  186;  condition  of  Ire- 
land under,  12,  67;  his  relations  with 
Scotland,  288;   death  of,   II,  96 

Henry  (V)  of  Monmouth,  King  of 
England,  1413-1422,  called  the 
Prince  of  Priests:  born  at  Mon- 
mouth, August  9,  1387;  fought  in  the 
battle  of  Shrewsbury  and  in  the 
war  with  the  Welsh;  succeeded  his 
father,  Henry  IV,  1413;  invaded 
France,  1415;  married  Catharine  of 
France,  1420,  and  was  recognized  as 
the  heir  presumptive  of  France;  the 
remainder  of  his  reign  was  mostly 
occupied  in  wars  with  the  French; 
died  at  Vincennes,  August  31,  1422 
Early  years,  11,  195;  reign  of, 
196;  invades  France,  9,  in,  11,  197; 
grants  protection  to  Jacqueline, 
Countess  of  Holland,  13,  39;  death 
of,  9,  113,  11,  200 

Henry  VI  (1421-1471),  King  of  Eng- 
land and  France,  1422-1461,  called 
The  Martyr  King:  accession  of,  9, 
113;  reign  of,  11,  201;  death,  217 

Henry  VII  (1457-1509),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1485-1509,  called  the  British 
Solomon:  his  claims  to  the  throne, 
11,  217;  invades  England,  221;  pro- 
claimed king,  222;  forms  alliance 
with  Maximilian  I  of  Germany,  18, 
220;  besieges  Boulogne,  9,  129;  sends 
out  expedition  to  search  for  the 
Northwest  Passage,  5,  156,  21,  15, 
23,  34;  detains  Philip  the  Handsome 
and  Juana  in  England,  8,  190;  con- 
dition of  Ireland  under,  12,  72;  his 
relations  with  Scotland,  298;  his 
commercial  restrictions  on  colonists, 
23,  66;  death  of,  11,  231 

Henry  VIII,  King  of  England,  1509- 
1547,  called  the  Royal  Butcher  and 
the  Defender  of  the  Faith:  born  at 
Greenwich,  June  28,  1491;  became 
Prince  of  Wales  on  the  death  of  his 
brother  Arthur,  1502;  succeeded  his 
father,  Henry  VII,  April  21,  1509; 
married  Catharine  of  Aragon,  the 
widow  of  his  brother  Arthur,  June 
n,  1509;  joined  the  Holy  League 
against  France,  1511;  invaded  France 
in  person,  1513,  and  with  the  Emper- 
or,  gained  a  victory  at   Guinegate; 


324* 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


made  Cardinal  Wolsey  his  chancel- 
lor, 1515;  met  Francis  I  of  France 
on  the  Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold, 
1520;  given  the  title  of  Defender  of 
the  Faith  by  Pope  Leo  X,  because 
of  his  book  of  sacraments  against 
Luther,  1521;  concluded  an  alliance 
with  France  against  the  emperor, 
1525;  first  attempted  to  get  a  divorce 
from  Catharine,  1527;  dismissed 
Wolsey  and  appointed  Sir  Thomas 
Moore  Chancellor,  1529;  secretly 
married  Anne  Boleyn,  January  25, 
1533;  his  marriage  with  Catharine 
was  declared  void  by  Cranmer 
whom  he  had  made  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  May  23,  1533,  and  that 
with  Anne  Boleyn  valid,  May  28, 
1533;  procured  the  passage  of  the 
Act  of  Supremacy,  1534,  thus  sepa- 
rating the  English  church  from  the 
Roman  church;  executed  Moore  for 
not  acknowledging  his  supremacy, 
1535;  suppressed  the  smaller  monas- 
teries, 1536;  sent  Anne  Boleyn  to 
the  block,  May  19,  and  married  Jane 
Seymour,  May  20,  1536;  suppressed 
the  larger  monasteries,  1539',  pro- 
cured the  passage  of  the  Statute  of 
Six  Articles,  1539;  married  Anne  of 
Cleves,  January  6,  1540;  divorced  her 
and  executed  Cromwell,  1540;  mar- 
ried Catharine  Howard,  1540;  di- 
vorced her,  1542;  married  Catharine 
Parr,  1543;  died  at  Westminster, 
January  28,  1547 

Reign  of,  II,  235;  dispensation 
granted  for  his  marriage  to  Cath- 
arine of  Aragon,  231;  aids  the  Em- 
peror Charles  V  against  Francis  I 
of  France,  13,  56;  at  the  Field  of 
the  Cloth  of  Gold,  9,  i37>  XI»  240; 
forms  alliance  with  Francis  I  of 
France,  9,  141,  11,  242;  declared 
head  of  Anglican  church,  9,  142;  his 
conquest  of  Ireland,  12,  82;  his  re- 
lations with  Scotland,  304;  contem- 
porary of  Suleiman  the  Great,  14, 
145;  Protestant  Reformation  in 
England,  23,  83 
Henry  I  (1011-1060),  King  of  France, 
1031-1060:   reign   of,   9,   67;    his   in- 


terview with  Henry  III,  18,  131 
Henry  II  (i5i9-T559),  King  of 
France,  1547-1559:  marries  Catha- 
rine de'  Medici,  9,  142;  befriends  the 
Jews,  1,  422;  reign  of,  9,  145;  vic- 
tories of,  13,  59;  his  alliance  with 
Maurice  of  Saxony,  18,  257;  con- 
cludes treaty  with  Emperor  Charles 
V,  8,  351;  at  war  with  Spain,  4,  307; 
death  of,  II,  278 
Henry  (III)  le  Mignon  (1551-1589), 
King  of  France,  1574-1589:  at  the 
battle  of  Jarnac,  9,  156;  becomes 
King  of  Poland,  158;  his  reign  in 
Poland,  15,  382;  reign  of,  as  King 
of  France,  9,  159,  11,  290;  war  with 
Charles  Emmanuel,  4,  317 
Henry  (IV)  of  Navarre,  King  of 
France,  1589-1610:  founder  of  the 
house  of  Bourbon,  called  Father  and 
Friend  of  the  People:  born  at  Pau, 
December  14,  1553;  educated  in  the 
Protestant  faith;  served  in  the  civil 
war,  1569,  and  became  the  head  of 
the  Huguenot  party;  ascended  the 
throne  of  Navarre,  1572;  escaped  the 
massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew,  1572; 
the  Holy  League  refused  to  recog- 
nize his  title  to  the  throne  and  as  a 
result  war  broke  out,  1585,  but  after 
defeating  the  Leaguers  at  Ivry,  1590, 
and  becoming  a  Roman  Catholic, 
he  was  recognized  and  crowned, 
1594;  issued  the  edict  of  Nantes, 
1598;  made  the  Peace  of  Vervins 
with  Spain  and  the  League,  1598; 
was  assassinated,  May  14,  1610 

Becomes  champion  of  religious 
freedom  in  France,  9,  156;  marries 
Margaret  of  Valois,  157;  at  war 
with  Philip  II  of  Spain,  8,  356;  in- 
tercepts letters  from  John  of  Aus- 
tria to  Philip  II  of  Spain,  13,  127; 
reign  of,  9,  166;  forms  alliance  with 
Elizabeth  of  England,  n,  298;  ac- 
cepts the  Catholic  faith,  13,  160; 
aids  the  Dutch  Republic,  171;  con- 
cludes alliance  with  the  Swiss,  461; 
grants  Acadia  to  De  Monts,  20,  82; 
his  alliance  with  the  Protestant 
Union,  18,  266;  assassination  of,  13, 
192,  16,  174 


GENERAL    INDEX 


325 


Henry  I,  King  of  Hayti:  see  Chris- 
tophe 

Henry  d'Albret  (1503-1555),  titular 
King  of  Navarre:  claims  throne  of 
Navarre,  8,  349;  taken  prisoner  at 
Pavia,  9,  139 

Henry  III,  King  of  Navarre:  see 
Henry  IV,  King  of  France 

Henry  (1211-1242),  King  of  the  Ro- 
mans, son  of  Frederick  II  of  Ger- 
many: coronation  of,  18,  160;  his 
rule  in  Germany,  162;  aids  growth 
of  Swiss  liberty,  13,  358;  revolt  of, 
8,   163 

Henry  (12th  century),  King  of  the 
Wends:  his  quarrel  with  Denmark, 
16,  76 

Henry  (nth  century),  Bishop  of 
Lund:  sketch  of,  16,  62 

Henry,  Due  d'Anjou:  see  Henry  III, 
King  of  France 

Henry  (II)  Iasomirgott,  Duke  of  Aus- 
tria, 1141-1177:  reign  of,  17,  91 

Henry  I,  .  Margrave  of  Babenberg, 
994-1018:  reign  of,  17,  89 

Henry  I  (10th  century),  Duke  of  Ba- 
varia: conspiracies  of,  18,  109,  no; 
invested  with  Bavaria,  in;  death 
of,  113 

Henry  II  (late  10th  century),  Duke 
of  Bavaria:  revolt  of,  18,  116;  aims 

•    to  usurp  throne,  118 

Henry  III,  Duke  of  Bavaria:  see 
Henry  (II),  Saint,  Holy  Roman 
Emperor 

Henry  "the  Proud"  (d.  1139),  Duke 
of  Bavaria  and  Saxony:  career  of, 
18,  143;  claims  imperial  crown,  17, 

9i 

Henry  the  Lion  (1129-1195),  Duke  of 
Bavaria  and  Saxony:  career  of,  18, 
144,  147,  149,  152,  155 

Henry  (13th  century),  Duke  of  Ba- 
varia: attacks  the  King  of  Hun- 
gary, 17,  74 

Henry  (14th  century),  the  Iron  Count 
of  Holstein:  avenges  his  father's 
death,   16,  114 

Henry  (late  nth  century),  Count  of 
Louvain  and  Count  of  Brabant:  adds 
Count  of  Brabant  to  his  title,  13, 
26 


Henry  (13th  century),  Count-Duke  of 
Schwerin:  treachery  of,  16,  86;  his 
war  with  Denmark,  18,  162 

Henry  (d.  1374),  Duke  of  Slesvig: 
death  of,  16,  118 

Henry,  Infante  of  Aragon,  ca.  1420: 
rebellions  of,  8,  176,  177 

Henry  (14th  century),  son  of  Lewis 
of  Bavaria;  marries  Margaret  of 
Tyrol,  18,  190 

Henry  (d.  1183),  son  of  Henry  II  of 
England:  coronation  of,  11,  105; 
death  of,  109 

Henry  the  Navigator  (1394-1460), 
Prince  of  Portugal:  career  of,  19, 
15.  20,  36,  23,  24;  enterprises  of,  5, 
143 

Henry  (1726-1802),  Prince  of  Prussia: 
in  the  Seven  Years'  War,  18,  336, 
339,  342 

Henry  (13th  century),  Infante  of 
Spain:  aids  Alfonso  X  to  crush  re- 
volt of  nobles,  8,  109 

Henry  of  Aoyta  (14th  century),  an 
Austrian  theologian:  teaches  in  the 
University  of  Vienna,  17,  105 

Henry  of  Blois  (12th  century),  Bishop 
of  Winchester:  anoints  Stephen, 
King  of  England,  11,  93;  acknowl- 
edges Matilda,  95 

Henry  of  Breslau  (13th  century),  a 
Bohemian  prince:  claims  guardian- 
ship of  Vacslav  IV  of  Bohemia,  17, 

77 

Henry  of  Dampierre:  see  Dampierre, 
Henry  of 

Henry  of  Guise  (16th  century),  a 
French  prince:  plots  to  obtain 
throne  of  France,  9,  160;  acknowl- 
edged as  heir  to  the  throne,  161; 
death  of,  164 

Henry  of  Lancaster:  see  Henry  IV, 
King  of  England 

Henry  of  Langenstein  (14th  century), 
an  Austrian  theologian:  teaches  in 
the  University  of  Vienna,  17,  105 

Henry  of  Nassau  (16th  century):  his 
campaign  against  the  Spanish,  13, 
117 

Henry  of  Oftedingen  (13th  century), 
a  German  minnesinger:  sketch  of, 
17,  98 


326 


THE   HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Henry    of    the    Netherlands,    Prince 

(1876 ),  Duke  of  Mecklenburg- 

Schwerin:  marriage  of,  13,  318 

Henry  of  Trastamare:  see  Henry  II, 

King  of  Castile 

Henry:  see  also  Henri  and  Henrique 

Henry,  Cape:  see  Cape  Henry 

Henry,  Guy  Vernor  (1839-1890),  an 
American  general:  military  gov- 
ernor of  Porto  Rico,  24,  1036 

Henry,  Patrick,  an  American  orator 
and  patriot:  born  at  Studley,  Vir- 
ginia, May  29,  1736;  studied  under 
his  father's  tuition,  but  was  more 
inclined  to  active  pleasures;  started 
in  business,  1753,  but  did  not  make 
a  success  of  it;  failed  *in  business 
and  took  a  small  farm,  but  sold  his 
land  in  two  years,  and  went  into 
business  again;  upon  a  second  fail- 
ure, he  took  up  law,  and  after  sev- 
eral years  of  obscurity,  gained  a 
reputation  through  a  speech  against 
the  clergy,  1763;  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  of  Burgesses,  1765, 
and  proposed  the  resolutions  against 
the  Stamp  Act,  which  were  passed, 
1765;  was  chosen  delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress,  1774;  elected 
Governor  of  Virginia,  1776,  which 
office  he  held  until  1779;  resisted 
the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Consti- 
tution; died  at  Red  Hill,  Virginia, 
June  6,  1799 

Elevates  the  legal  profession,  23, 
138;  defeats  clergy,  151;  wins  fame 
as  an  orator,  207;  his  speech  before 
the  House  of  Burgesses,  211;  uses 
his  eloquence  in  favor  of  rebellion, 
216;  delegate  to  first  Continental 
Congress,  223;  delegate  to  second 
Continental  Congress,  229;  his  esti- 
mate of  Washington,  230;  opposed 
to  Constitutional  Convention,  324; 
opposes  ratification  of  the  Constitu- 
tion, 336;  absent  from  first  Con- 
gress, 343 

Henry  Casimir  (17th  century),  Count 
of  Nassau:  death  of,  13,  213 

Henry  Hill,  Virginia:  in  Battle  of  Bull 
Run,  24,  735 

Henry  Rasper  (d.  1247),  Landgrave  of 


Thuringia:    usurps   throne    of    Ger- 
many, 18,  166 

Hentzi,  Henry  (1785-1849),  Austrian 
soldier:  defends  Buda,  15,  300 

Henzi,  Samuel  (1701-1749),  Swiss  con- 
spirator: sketch  of,  13,  498 

Hepburn,  James,  Earl  of  Bothwell: 
see  Bothwell,  James  Hepburn,  Earl 
of 

Hepburn  Bill,  in  United  States  his- 
tory, relating  to  commercial  pro- 
visions (1905),  24,  1075 

Hera,  a  Greek  goddess:  confused  at- 
tributes of,  2,  39;  of  Samos,  52 

Heraclea,  Asia  Minor:  siege  of,  1,  352 

Heracles  (Hercules),  a  Greek  mytho- 
logical hero:  was,  according  to  Ho- 
mer, the  son  of  Jupiter  and  Ale- 
mena;  supposed  to  have  been  born 
at  Thebes;  strangled  two  serpents 
while  in  his  cradle;  was  famed  for 
heroic  deeds  in  his  youth,  and 
for  delivering  the  city  of  Thebes, 
was  given  in  marriage,  Megara,  the 
daughter  of  the  King  of  Thebes;  ac- 
complished the  Twelve  Labors, 
which  were  the  slaying  of  the  Ne- 
mean  lion,  and  the  Lernsean  hydra, 
the  capture  of  the  stag  with  the 
golden  horns,  and  of  a  wild  boar, 
the  cleansing  of  the  Augean  stables, 
the  destruction  of  the  Stymphalian 
birds,  the  capture  of  the  Cretan  bull, 
and  the  horses  of  Diomedes,  the 
winning  of  the  girdle  of  the  Queen 
of  the  Amazons,  the  fetching  of  the 
red  oxen  of  Geryon,  the  procuring 
of  the  golden  apples  of  the  Hesper- 
ides,  and  the  bringing  to  the  upper 
world  of  the  dog  Cerberus;  became 
a  slave  of  the  Queen  of  Lydia;  mar- 
ried Dejanira;  was  poisoned  by  a 
garment,  on  which  Dejanira  had  put 
the  blood  of  Nessus  as  a  love  charm; 
was  about  to  kill  himself  through 
pain  on  Mount  Oeta,  when  he  was 
taken  by  a  cloud  to  Olympus,  and 
was   endowed  with  immortality 

Divine  ancestor  of  kings  of 
Sparta,  2,  21;  adopted  from  Phoeni- 
cians, 28;  temple  of,  at  Tyre,  494 

Heraclian    (d.   413   A.   D.),   a   Roman 


GENERAL    INDEX 


327 


general:  stops  supply  of  corn,  4, 
141 

Heraclius  (ca.  575-641  A.  D.),  Byzan- 
tine emperor,  610-641  A.  D.:  expels 
the  Persians  from  Egypt  (629  A. 
D.)>  I,  35;  his  friendship  with  Mo- 
hammed, 234;  annihilates  Persian 
forces,  2,  533;  his  wars  in  the  East,  5, 
321;  his  policy  toward  the  Avars, 
17,  21;  death  of,  1,  296 

Heraclius  of  Georgia  (d.  1793),  Czar 
of  Tiflis :  account  of,  14,  362;  reign 
of,  5,  357;  death  of,  15,  213 

Herakles  (Sandon)  (ca.  700  B.  C), 
King  of  Lydia:  founds  kingdom,  1, 

143 

Herard  (19th  century),  West  Indian 
patriot:  president  of  Hayti,  22, 
498 

Heraricus  (d.  540  A.  D.),  King  of 
Italy:  reign  of,  5,  160 

Herat,  Persia:  religious  toleration  in, 
1,  322;  battle  of  (1585),  5,  3435 
sieges  of  (1832),  360;  (1837),  216, 
361 

Herbert  (d.  943  A.  D.),  Count  of  Ver- 
mandois:  at  war  with  Hugh  the 
Great,  9,  54;  makes  alliance  with 
Hugh  the  Great,  56 

Herbert,  Arthur,  Earl  of  Torrington 
(d.  1716),  English  admiral;  defeated 
at  Beachy  Head,  11,  438 

Herbert,    Hilary    Abner     (1834 ), 

United  States  lawyer:  Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  24,  993  note 

Hercelles  (19th  century),  a  Peruvian 
colonel:  his  mission  to  Paita,  21, 
197 

Herculaneum,  city  near  Naples:  de- 
stroyed, 4,  83 

Herder,  Johann  Gottfried  von  (1744- 
1803),  German  critic  and  poet:  in- 
fluence  of,    18,   333,   353 

Heredia  (d.  1832),  South  American 
general:  death  of,  21,  124 

Hereford,  Roger,  Earl  of  (ca.  1075), 
Norman  rebel  leader:  leads  revolt 
of  the  Earls,  II,  78 

Hereux,  D.  Ulysses  (d.  1899),  Presi- 
dent of  San  Domingo:  his  adminis- 
tration, 22,   503 

Hereward  (d.  1072),  English  outlaw 
and  patriot:  revolt  of,  11,  73 


Herford,  Henry,  Duke  of:  see  Henry 

IV,  King  of  England 

Herhor,  King  of  Egypt,  ca.  1100  B. 
C. :  usurps  the  throne,  1,  29 

Heribert  (nth  century),  Archbishop 
of  Milan:  career  of,  18,  127 

Hericourt,  France:  siege  and  battle 
of  (1474),  13,  407 

Heriold  (ca.  900  A.  D.),  a  Norman 
prince:  gains  a  footing  in  the  Neth- 
erlands, 13,  20 

Herkimer,  Nicholas  (d.  1777),  an 
American  Revolutionary  general:  in 
battle  of  Oriskany,  23,  254 

Hermae,  busts  of  the  God  Hermes: 
mutilation  of,  2,  331 

Hermagoras,  Saint  (ca.  100  A.  D.), 
early  Christian  divine:  consecrated 
as  bishop  of  Aquileia,  17,  14 

Hermanaric  (Hermanric)  (d.  376  A. 
D.),  King  of  the  East  Goths:  unites 
the  Goths  into  one  nation,  4,  136; 
death  of,  18,  33 

Hermanfried  (ca.  525  A.  D.),  King  of 
Thuringia:  his  struggles  with  Theu- 
deric,  18,  60 

Hermann:  see  Arminius 

Hermann  of  Salza  (1 170-1239),  a  Ger- 
man prince:  career  of,  18,  173 

Hermanstadt,  Transylvania:  battle  of 
(1442),  14,  61,  17,  157;  taken  by 
Bern,  17,  371;  taken  by  the  Rus- 
sians (1849),  15,  301 

Hermanszoon,  Wolfert  (ca.  1600), 
Dutch  naval  commander:  defeats  the 
Spanish,  13,  180 

Hermelin  (ca.  1700),  Swedish  officer: 
Charles  XII  discloses  his  plans  to, 
16,  217 

Hermeric,  King  of  the  Suevi,  ca.  400 
A.  D. :  leads  the  invasion  of  the 
Suevi   into    Spain,    8,   35;   reign   of, 

37 
Hermingarde  (ca.  770  A.  D.),  wife  of 
Charlemagne:    repudiation     of,     18, 

79 

Hermione,  in  ancient  geography,  a 
Greek  state:  in  the  Spartan  alliance, 
2,  274,  440 

Hermocrates  (d.  408  B.  C),  a  Syra- 
cusan  general:  warns  Athenian  gen- 
erals of  their  fate,  2,  347;  in  Asia, 
352;  slain,  409 


328 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Hermopolis,  capital  of  the  Cyclades: 
in  modern  Greece,  2,  548 

Hermunduri,  a  German  tribe  in  the 
4th  century:  attack  Celts,  17,  II ; 
location  of,  18,  6;  incorporated  with 
Thuringians,  28 

Hernandez,  Francisco  (ca.  1505-1554), 
a  Spanish  soldier  and  explorer:  ex- 
plorations of,  22,  436 

Hernici,  ancient  Italian  tribe:  alli- 
ances with  Rome,  3,  22,  63 

Hero  of  Modern  Italy,  The:  see  Gari- 
baldi, Guiseppe 

Hero  of  Quebec:  see  Wolfe,  James 

Hero  of  San  Jacinto:  see  Houston, 
Sam 

Hero  of  the  Nile,  The:  see  Nelson, 
Horatio 

Hero  of  the  Nine  Hostages,  The:  see 
Nial  the  Great,  King  of  Ireland 

Hero  of  the  Peninsula,  The:  see  Wel- 
lington, Arthur  Wellesley,  Duke  of 

Herod  the  Great,  King  of  Judea,  40- 
4  B,  C:  suppresses  revolt  of  Antig- 
onus,  I,  408;  made  king  of  the 
Jews,  409;  receives  an  extension  of 
his  territory,  4,  39 

Herod  Agrippa:   see  Agrippa,  Herod 

Herod  Philip:  see  Philip 

Herodes  Atticus  (ca.  104-180  A.  D.), 
Greek  rhetorician:  his  benefits  to 
Athens,  2,  523 

Herodeum,  Palestine:  captured  by  the 
Romans,  1,  412 

Herodotus,  a  Greek  historian,  called 
the  Father  of  History:  born  at  Hali- 
carnassus  in  Caria,  about  484  B.  C. : 
took  part  in  the  expulsion  of  Lyg- 
damus  the  tyrant  of  Halicarnassus; 
left  his  native  land  and  traveled  in 
the  Persian  Empire,  Egypt,  Asia 
Minor,  and  Greece;  lived  in  Athens 
a  few  years;  settled  in  Thurium, 
Italy,  about  444  B.  C.;  his  works 
are  accurate  and  interesting;  died  at 
Thurium,  Italy,  about  424  B.  C. 

Quoted  on  Homeric  theology,  2,  38; 
ridicules  chronology  of  Hicataeus, 
21;  quoted,  54;  on  constitution  of 
Lycurgus,  64;  at  Thurii,  259;  his  rec- 
ognition of  the  Eastern  Question, 
*4>  35  visits  Africa,  19,  8 


Herradura,  Chili:  declared  to  be  in  a 
state  of  blockade  (1865),  21,  221 

Herran,  Pedro  Alcantara  (19th  cen- 
tury), Colombian  statesman:  envoy 
to  the  United  States,  24,  1058 

Herrera  y  Obes,  Julio  (19th  century), 
statesman  of  Uruguay:  his  admin- 
istration as  president  of  Uruguay, 
21,  259 

Herrerd,  Jose  Joaquim  de  (1 792-1 854), 
Mexican  general  and  statesman:  his 
administration  as  president  of  Mex- 
ico, 22,  279,  283 

Herrings,  Battle  of  the  (1429),  near 
Rouvray,  France,  9,  114 

Hersey,  Henry  B.  (living),  an  Amer- 
ican officer:  member  of  the  Well- 
man   Expedition,   16,  341 

Hertel  de  Rouville:  see  Rouville,  Her- 
tel  de 

Hertford,  Edward  Seymour,  Earl  of: 
see  Seymour,  Edward,  Duke  of  Som- 
erset 

Hertzberg  (1725-1793),  Count  Ewald 
Friedrich  von,  a  Prussian  statesman: 
policy  of,  18,  355 

Heruli,  an  early  Germanic  tribe:  their 
relations  with  the  Longobards,  18, 

51 

Hervieu,  Gaston  (living),  French 
aeronaut:  member  of  the  Wellman 
Expedition,  16,  341 

Hervilly,  Count  of  (d.  1795),  French 
officer:  joins  allied  forces,  9,  294 

Herwarth  von  Bittenfeld  (19th  cen- 
tury), a  Prussian  general:  cam- 
paigns of,  18,  410 

Herzegovina,  Austrian  province  for- 
merly under  Turkish  rule:  insur- 
rection of  the  Slavs  (1875),  17,  418; 
acquisition  and  incorporation  of,  by 
Austria-Hungary,  421 

Herzen,  Alexander  (1812-1870),  a  Rus- 
sian author  and  political  agitator: 
counsels  of,  15,  332 

Herzinger  (19th  century),  Austrian 
general:  in  the  Hungarian  insurrec- 
tion, 15,  301 

Herzog  (19th  century),  Swiss  officer: 
made  general  of  the  Federal  forces/- 
13,  562 

Herzog,    Marianus    (ca.    1800),    Swiss 


GENERAL    INDEX 


329 


ecclesiastic:  leads  opposition  to  the 
new  constitution,  13,  513 

Herzogenbuchsee,  Berne,  Switzerland: 
battle  of  (1653),  13,  473 

Hesiod  (ca.  735  B.  C),  Greek  poet: 
compared  to  Homer,  2,  13,  38 

Hessians,  inhabitants  of  Hesse,  Ger- 
many: hired  by  the  King  of  Eng- 
land to  subjugate  the  colonies,  23, 

237 

Hetaeria  Philike,  secret  political  or- 
ganization formed  for  the  purpose 
of  freeing  Greece  from  Turkey 
(1814),  2,  541,  14,  413 

Hewett  (19th  century),  British  con- 
sul: his  mission  to  Africa,  19,  109 

Hewitt,  Abram  Stevens  (1822-1903),  an 
American  statesman:  candidate 
against  Roosevelt  for  mayor  of  New 
York,  24,  1069 

Heyden,  Count  von  (1772-1850),  Rus- 
sian naval  commander:  in  the  Greek 
war,  15,  276 

Heyn,  Peter  (1570-1629),  a  Dutch  ad- 
miral: commands  fleet  of  West  In- 
dia Company,  13,  209;  captures  a 
Spanish  fleet,  22,  163 

Hezekiah,  King  of  Judah,  727-699  B. 
C. :  defeated  by  Sennacherib,  1,  87; 
reign  of,  396 

Hiarbas,  King  of  Numidia,  ca.  80  B. 
C:  defeated  by  Pompeius,  3,  228 

Hiawatha,  Indian  legendary  character: 
given  to  romance  by  Iroquois,  23,  8 

Hibernia:  see  Ireland 

Hickory,  Old:  see  Jackson,  Andrew 

Hicks  Pasha  (William  Hicks)  (1831- 
1883),  a  British  officer:  his  campaign 
against  the  Mahdi,  1,  40,  11,  634, 
19,  271 

Hidalzo  y  Costilla,  Miguel  (1753- 
1811),  leader  in  Mexican  war  of  In- 
dependence: death  of,  22,  240 

Hideyoshi  (ca.  1600),  Japanese  gen- 
eral: invades  Korea,  6,  37 

Hieda-no-Are  (ca.  700  A.  D.),  Japa- 
nese historian :  compiles  annals  of  the 
reigns    of    Japanese    sovereigns,    7, 

35 
Hiempsal    (ca.    80    B.    C),    Numidian 

prince:  restored  to  throne,  3,  228 
Hiero  (d.  467  B.  C),  Tyrant  of  Syra- 


cuse, ca.  478-467  B.  C:  reign  of,  2, 
218 

Hiero  (ca.  307-216  B.  C),  King  of 
Syracuse:  attacks  Messana,  3,  99; 
granted  his  independence  as  ruler  of 
Syracuse,  106 

Hieroglyphics,  ancient  Egyptian  and 
Mexican  system  of  writing:  used  by 
Aztecs,  23,  7 

Hieronymus:  see  Jerome  (Hierony- 
mus),  Saint 

Hierta  (ca.  1830),  Swedish  journal- 
ist: founds  the  "  Aftonbladet,"  16, 
259 

Higginson,  Thomas  Wentworth  (1823 

),    an    American    author:    aids 

cause  of  negro  abduction,  24,  617 

High-Born  Demosthenes,  The:  see 
William  the  Silent,  Prince  of 
Orange 

Hiketos  (ca.  340  B.  C),  Greek  gen- 
eral: tyrant  of  Leontini,  2,  417 

Hiki  Yoshikazu  (ca.  1200),  member 
of  the  Japanese  royal  family:  plots 
against  the  Hojo  family,  7,  69 

Hildebald  (ca.  540  A.  D.),  King  of 
Italy:  reign  of,  4,  160 

Hildebrand:  see  Gregory  VII 

Hilkiah  (ca.  625  B.  C),  Jewish  high 
priest:  finds  the  Book  of  Deuter- 
onomy, 1,  398 

Hill,  Abigail  (d.  1734),  English  court 
lady:  her  relations  with  Queen 
Anne,  11,  458 

Hill,  Benjamin  H.  (1823-1882),  Amer- 
ican statesman:  member  of  the  Sen- 
ate, 24,  916 

Hill,  David  Bennett  (1844 ),  Amer- 
ican statesman:  elected  governor, 
24,  968;  attempts  to  defeat  nomina- 
tion of  Cleveland  (1892),  990;  rec- 
ommended for  chairman  of  Demo- 
cratic convention   (1896),  1013 

Hill,  David  Harvey  (1821-1889), 
American  general:  in  plan  for  in- 
vasion of  North,  24,  764 

Hill,  Isaac  (1788-1851),  American 
journalist:  in  Jackson's  "  Kitchen 
Cabinet,"  24,  485 

Hill,  Sir  Rowland  (1795-1879),  author 
of  the  penny  postal  system:  sketch 
of,  11,  597 


330 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Himalayas,  mountain  system  in  Asia: 

description  of,  5,  5 
Himera,  in  ancient  geography  a  town 

of  Sicily:  victory  of  Gelo  at,  2,  218; 

destroyed  by  Hannibal,  409 
Himilco  (ca.  250  B.  C.)>  Carthaginian 

admiral:  at  the  siege  of  Lilybaeum, 

3,  103 
Himri,  Russia:  siege  of,  15,  298 
Himu    (d.    1556),   Persian   general:   at 

battle  of  Panipat,  5,   in 
Hincmar   (ca.   806-882   A.   D.),   Arch- 
bishop of  Rheims:  master  of  Gaul, 

9,  Si 
Hinduism:  see  Religions,  Pagan 
Hinze,     George     (ca.     1500),     Danish 

canon:    guardian    of    Christian,    16, 

147 

Hipparchus  (ca.  490  B.  C),  Tyrant  of 
Athens:  reign  of,  2,  11 1 

Hippias  (ca.  490  B.  C),  Tyrant  of 
Athens:  reign  of,  2,  in;  at  Sparta, 
155;  joins  the  Persians,  164;  at 
Marathon,  165 

Hippocrates  (ca.  425  B.  C),  Athenian 
general:  defeated  at  Delium,  2,  311 

Hippolyte  (Hyppolite),  Louis  Mon- 
destin  Florvil  (d.  1896),  Haytian 
general:  elected  president  of  Hayti, 
22,  501 

Hippolytus  a  Lapide:  see  Chemnitz, 
Philip 

Hira,  Arabia:  conquered  by  the  Sara- 
cens, 1,  259 

Hiraga  Tomomasa  (ca.  1200),  mem- 
ber of  the  Japanese  royal  family: 
plots  to  obtain  the  shogunate,  7, 
70 

Hiram  I,  King  of  Tyre,  ca.  1000  B 
C:  reign  of,  1,  123 

Hiram  II,  King  of  Tyre,  ca.  800  B. 
C:  reign  of,  1,  124 

Hiram  College,  Ohio:  Garfield  in 
faculty  of,  24,  930 

Hirtius,  Aulus  (d.  43  B.  C),  Roman 
politician:  attachment  to  Caesar,  3, 
362;  consul-elect,  4,  12;  death,  13 

Hirzel,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1443), 
13,  400 

Hirzel,  Bernhard  (1807-1847),  Swiss 
insurrectionist:  leads  conservative 
opposition,  13,  546 

Hirzel,     Hans     Kaspar     (1725-1803), 


Swiss  physician  and  senator:  sketch 
of,  13,  490 

Hispaniola:  see  Hayti 

Histiaeus  (d.  494  B.  C),  Tyrant  of 
Miletus:  favored  by  Darius,  2,  132; 
at  the  Danube  bridge,  132;  fosters 
Ionian  revolt,  133;  slain,  138 

History,  The  Father  of:  see  Herod- 
otus 

Hittites,  Canaanite  tribe:  conquer 
Phoenicia,  1,  122;  history  of  their 
empire,  1,  141,  2,  52 

Hiuen  Tsiang  (ca.  700  A.  D.),  a  Chi- 
nese pilgrim:  quoted  on  Siladitya, 
5,  63;  on  Valabhi,  74 

Hixem  (I)  ben  Abderahman,  Caliph  of 
Cordova,  787-796  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8, 
68,  71 

Hixem  (II)  ben  Alhakem  (ca.  1000  A. 
D.),  Caliph  of  Cordova:  reign  of,  8, 

?8 
Hixem  III,  Caliph  of  Cordova,  1026- 

103 1 :  reign  of,  8,  82 

Hjartvar  (ca.  600  A.  D.),  Danish 
leader:  treachery  of,  16,   18 

Ho  (18th  century),  a  Chinese  states- 
man: sketch  of,  6,  113,  114;  in  diplo- 
matic intercourse  with  England,  6, 
120,  121 

Hoangho  River:  see  Yellow  River 

Hoar,  Ebenezer  Rockwood  (1816- 
1895),  an  American  jurist;  in 
Grant's  cabinet,  24,  861;  as  Joint 
High  Commissioner,  883 

Hoar,  George  Frisbie  (1826-1904), 
American  senator:  member  of  Elec- 
toral Commission,  24,  913;  supports 
Hayes,  915;  elected  senator,  916; 
quoted  on  Grant's  nomination  for 
third  term,  926;  quoted  on  Garfield's 
speech,  928;  fathers  the  repeal  of 
the  Tenure  of  Office  Act,  951;  drafts 
Presidential  Succession  Law,  953; 
drafts  law  for  regulation  of  elec- 
toral count,  953 

Hobart,  Tasmania:  founded,  20,  188; 
conference  at  (1895),  204 

Hobart,  Garrett  Augustus  (1841-1899), 
American  statesman:  nominated  for 
Vice-President,  24,  1012 

Hobart,  George,  Earl  of  Buckingham- 
shire (ca.  1760),  English  statesman: 
minister  to  Russia,  15,  161 


GENERAL    INDEX 


331 


Hobhouse,  John  Cam,  Lord  Brough- 
ton  (1786-1869),  English  politician 
and  writer:  his  description  of  Al- 
bania, 14,  368 

Hobkirk's  Hill,  South  Carolina:  battle 

■    of  (1781),  23,  282  ■ 

Hobson,  Richard  Pearson  (1870 ), 

American  naval  engineer:  sinks  the 
Merrimac,  22,  459,  24,  1029 

Hoche,  Lazare  (1768-1797),  French 
general:   his  campaign  in  the  west, 

9,  297;  receives  the  chief  command 
of  the  republican  army,  10,  345;  suc- 
cessful attacks  on  the  Chouans  and 
the  English  army  on  its  landing, 
351;  his  generalship,  374;  receives 
the  command  of  the  coast,  374; 
commands  Bantry  Bay  Expedition, 
11,  546,  12,  207 

Hochkirch,  Saxony:  battle  of   (1758), 

18,  339 
Hochstadt,   Bavaria:  battle  of  (1800), 

10,  442 

Hocquincourt,  Charles  de  Monchy, 
Marshal  de  (1599-1658),  a  French 
soldier:  in  insurrection  of  the 
Fronde,  9,  204 

Hodel,  Emil  Heinrich  Max  (1857- 
1878),  German  Social  Democrat:  his 
attempt  to  assassinate  the  emperor, 
18,  445 

Hodge  (d.  181 1),  West-Indian  slave 
holder:  his  cruelty  toward  his 
slaves,  20,  240 

Hodson,  William  Stephen  Raikes 
(1821-1858),  English  soldier  in  In- 
dia: sketch  of,  5,  238 

Hodza  (19th  century),  a  Slav  leader: 
demands  a  place  for  his  nation 
among  civilized  peoples,  17,  357 

Hoeks,  Dutch  municipal  faction  of  the 
15th  century:  description  of,  13,  40 
note 

Hoemskerck,  Jacob  (ca.  1600),  Dutch 
naval  commander:  explorations  of, 
16,  302 

Hoevell,  Baron  von  (19th  century), 
Dutch  nobleman:  tells  Dutch  gov- 
ernment of  affairs  in  Java,  20,  293 

Hofer,  Andreas,  a  Tyrolese  patriot 
and  soldier,  called  the  Wallace  of 
Switzerland:  born  at  St.  Leonhard 
in  the   Tyrol,    November   22,    1767; 


commanded  a  party  of  riflemen 
against  the  French,  1796;  was  prom- 
inent in  public  affairs  in  the  Tyrol, 
1803-1809;  was  leader  of  the  Tyro- 
lese Insurrection,  1809,  and  won  the 
victories  of  Sterzing  and  Innspruck; 
became  the  head  of  the  Tyrolese 
government,  1809;  was  betrayed  for 
money  to  the  French  and  shot  by 
Napoleon's  order  at  Mantua,  Febru- 
ary 20,  1810 

Sketch  of,  17,  297;  leads  the  Ty- 
rolese revolt,  18,  375,  277',  death  of, 
17,  300 

Hogarth,  William  (1697-1764),  Eng- 
lish painter:  sketch  of,  11,  494 

Hogen  Insurrection,  a  war  between 
members  of  the  Japanese  royal  fam- 
ily (ca.  1 158),  7,  56 

Hogendorp,  Count  van  (1762-1834), 
Dutch  general:  leads  patriotic 
movement,  13,  272 

Hohenfriedberg,  Prussia:  battle  of 
(1745),    18,   331 

Hohenheim,  Theophrastus  Bombastus 
von:  see  Paracelsus  (of  Einsiedeln), 
Phileppus  Aureolus 

Hohenlinden,  Bavaria:  battle  of 
(1800),  9,  317,  10,  442,  17,  285,  18, 
364 

Hohenloe  (Hohenlohe),  Count  (ca. 
!575) >  Dutch  general:  at  the  Breda 
Conference,  13,  119;  made  lieuten- 
ant general,  147 

Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen,  Prince  Fred- 
erick Louis  of  (1746-1818),  Prus- 
sian general:  defeated  at  Jena,  9, 
328,  18,  372 

Hohenwart,  Karl  Sigismund  (1824 
— ),  Austrian  statesman:  his  pol- 
icy toward  the  Czechs,  17,  408; 
resignation  of,  411 

Hojo,  family  of  military  rulers  in 
Japan  (1225-1333):  rise  of,  7,  69 

Hojo  Morotoki,  Regent  of  Japan, 
1300-1311:  regency  of,  7,  77 

Hojo  Sadatoki,  Regent  of  Japan, 
1284-1300:  regency  of,  7,  77 

Hojo  Sanemasa  (ca.  1250),  Japanese 
general:  commands  Japanese  army, 

7,  75 
Hojo  Takatoki,  Regent  of  Japan,  1312- 
1326:  regency  of,  7,  77,  84 


332 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Hojo  Tokifusa  (ca.  1220),  Japanese 
general:  his  campaign  against  the 
imperial  forces,  7,  71 

Hojo  Tokimasa  (ca.  1200),  Japanese 
general:  restores  order  in  Kyoto, 
7,  66;  assumes  government  of  Ka- 
makura,  68 

Hojo  Tokimune,  Regent  of  Japan, 
1256-1284:  saves  Japan  from  Mo- 
gul conquest,  7,  73;  puts  Chinese 
envoy  to  death,  75 

Hojo  Tokiyori,  Regent  of  Japan,  1246- 
1256:  rule  of,  7,  72 

Hojo  Tsunetoki,  Regent  of  Japan, 
1243-1246:  rule  of,  7,  72 

Hojo  Yasutoki,  Regent  of  Japan, 
1225-1242:  campaign  against  the  im- 
perial forces,  7,  71;  rule  of,  72; 
raises  Gosago  to  the  throne,  83 

Hojo  Yoshitoki,  Regent  of  Japan, 
1205-1224:  power  of,  7,  71 

Hojo-ji,  Japanese  Buddhist  temple: 
built,  7,  41 

Hokau-tai,  Manchuria  :  battle  of 
(1905),  7.  312 

Holberg,  Ludwig  von  (1684-1754), 
Danish  author:  Bernstorf  cooper- 
ates with,  16,  240 

Holderness,  Robert  D'Arcy,  Earl  of 
(ca.  1775),  English  statesman:  at  the 
Russian  court,  15,  143 

Hoik,  Count  (ca.  1770),  Danish  court- 
ier: a  favorite  of  Christian  VII  of 
Denmark,  16,  241 

Holkar,  Jaswant  Rao  (d.  1811),  Indian 
chieftain:  at  war  with  the  English, 
5,  201 

Holland,  Europe:  conditions  of  the 
Jews,  I,  421;  joins  in  European  in- 
tervention in  Turkey,  14,  267,  284, 
290,  299;  joins  triple  alliance  (1788), 
360;  expedition  of  Dumouriez  into, 
10,  246;  conquest  of,  by  the  armies 
of  the  republic,  346;  converted  into 
a  kingdom,  10,  467,  18,  39;  treaty 
with  China,  6,  221;  commercial 
treaty  with  the  United  States,  23, 
347;  king  of,  asked  to  decide  North- 
east Boundary  Dispute,  24,  531;  see 
also  Holland  and  Belgium,  History 
of 

Holland  and  Belgium,  History  of:  be- 
fore the  invasion  of  the  Franks,  13, 


3;  struggle  of  Franks  and  Saxons, 
11;  rise  of  the  counts,  16;  decline  of 
feudalism  and  growth  of  the  towns, 
24;  power  of  the  house  of  Bur- 
gundy, 36;  Margaret  of  Austria  and 
Charles  V  of  Spain,  53;  condition 
under  Philip  II  of  Spain,  67;  com- 
mencement of  the  Revolution,  85; 
surrender  of  Valenciennes  and  tyr- 
anny of  Alva,  98;  appointment  of 
Requescens  and  Pacification  of 
Ghent,  116;  revolt  from  sovereignty 
and  declaration  of  independence, 
125;  edict  of  Philip  and  murder  of 
Prince  of  Orange,  135;  Alexander, 
Duke  of  Parma,  145;  successes  of 
Prince  Maurice  and  death  of  Philip 
II,  160;  Prince  Maurice  and  Spinola, 
170;  Dutch  disasters  and  the  Twelve 
Years'  Peace,  182;  renewal  of  war 
with  Spain  and  the  despotism  of 
Prince  Maurice,  201;  Frederich 
Henry  and  the  Peace  of  Westpha- 
lia, 208;  war  with  England,  225; 
William  III  and  Louis  XIV,  242; 
decline  of  the  republic,  253;  the 
French  invasion,  265;  William  I  as 
prince  and  sovereign  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 279;  the  Belgian  Revolution, 
291;  Belgium  as  an  independent 
kingdom,  304;  the  kingdom  of  the 
Netherlands,  313 

Hollander,      Jacob      H.      (1871 ), 

American  educator:  devises  system 
of  taxation  for  Porto  Rico,  20,  324 

Holle,  Count  (ca.  1550),  German  no- 
ble: proclaims  the  friendliness  of 
the  princes  of  the  empire  toward 
the  Belgiums,  13,  86 

Holies  or  Hollis,  Denzil,  Baron  Holies 
(1599-1679),  English  politician:  takes 
part  in  House  disturbance,  11,  327; 
fined  and  imprisoned,  329;  im- 
peached, 343 

Holly  Springs,  Mississippi:  battle  of 
(1862),  24,  775 

Holm,  Jan  (Leijonkrona)  (ca.  1654), 
Swedish  court  tailor:  ennobled,  16, 
205 

Holmes,  Sir  Robert  (ca.  1672),  Eng- 
lish admiral:  attacks  Dutch  fleet  in 
the  Channel  (1672),  11,  397,  13,  235 

Holmgang,   Scandinavian  word  for  a 


GENERAL    INDEX 


333 


fight   on   an   island:   description   of, 
1 6,  44  note. 
Holmstadt,    Diet    of    (1435),    Swedish 
nobles    renewed    their    homage    to 
King  Erik,  16,  128 
Holovin,  Russia:  battle  of  (1708),  16, 

219 
Holstein    War    (1413-1435),    war    be- 
tween     Denmark      and      Holstein: 
cause  of,  16,  126;  battles  of  Fernern 
(1418),   126;  of  Bergen   (1428),   127; 
ended    by     Peace    of    Vordingborg 
(1435),  127 
Holy  Alliance,  The  (1815),  an  alliance 
between  the  rulers  of  Austria,  Rus- 
sia, and  Prussia,  to  repress  the  revo- 
lutionary spirit  of  Europe  (1815),  9, 
374,   15,  265,  18,  393,  23,  446 
Holy  Alliance,  War  of  the,  war  be- 
tween     Austria,      Russia,      Poland, 
Venice,     and     Turkey     (1687-1699): 
battle    of    Lugos    (1695),    14,    262; 
ended  by  treaty  of  Carlowitz,  268 
Holy  Leagues: 

1511-1513.     Between  Pope  Julius  II, 
Spain,    and    Venice    to   expel   the 
French  from  Italy,  4,  293,  9,  134, 
140,  11,  236,  18,  228 
1538.     Between   Charles  V  and  the 
Catholic      princes      against      the 
League  of  Schmalkald,  18,  250 
1570.     Between    the    Pope,    Venice, 
and   Spain   against  the    Turks,   4, 
309,  8,  355,  14,  196 
1576.     Between    the    heads    of    the 
Catholic  party  in   France  for  re- 
sistance to  the  spread  of  Protest 
antism  and   for  opposition  to  the 
succession    of    Calvinistic    princes 
to  the  French  throne,  9,  160 
1609.     Between   the    Pope    and    the 
Catholic     states     of    Suabia     and 
Bavaria,   18,   265 
Holy    Mother    of   the    Russians:    see 

Moscow 
Holy    Roman    Empire:    first    use    of 
name,  4,  181;  founded,  18,  113;  dis- 
solution of,  368 
Holy  Sepulcher,  Defender  and  Baron 
of  the:  see  Godfrey,  King  of  Jeru- 
salem 
Holy  Vehm,  The,  a  secret  organiza- 
tion  in   northern    Germany  for   the 


preservation  of  democracy,  18,  230 
Holzer  (ca.  1463),  Vienna  cattle-mer- 
chant: leads  insurrection  in  Vienna, 
17,   108 
Homburg-on-the-Saale,  Bavaria:  sends 
a    deputation    of    children    to    Pro- 
capius,  17,  135 
Home  Rule,  attempts  in  the  English 
Parliament  to  secure  a  separate  leg- 
islative    body     for     Ireland:     main 
treatment,  12,  234;   (1886),  11,  635; 

(1893),  637 

Homem,  Vasco  Fernandez  (ca.  1566), 
a  Portuguese  explorer:  explorations 
of,  19,  23 

Homer,  Greek  poet,  called  the  Blind 
Man  of  Chios:  account  of  his 
poems,  2,  29;  the  Homeric  problem, 
30;  historic  value  of,  31,  32;  com- 
pared to  Hesiod,  38 

Homer  of  Philosophers,  The:  see 
Plato 

Homestead,  Pennsylvania:  strikes  of 
employees  of  Carnegie  Steel  Com- 
pany, 24,  992 

Homildon  Hill,  England:  battle  of 
(1402),  11,  193 

Honain,  Arabia:  battle  of  (630  A.  D.), 
1,  232 

Honda  Masazumi  (ca.  1603),  a  Japa- 
nese nobleman:  his  estates  confis- 
cated, 7,  128 

Hondtschoote,  France:  battle  of 
(1793),  9,  286,  10,  276 

Honduras,  a  republic  of  Central 
America:  discovered,  21,  13,  23,  34; 
Spanish  conquest  of,  22,  430;  be- 
comes independent,  439;  Walker 
executed,  24,  627;  Louisiana  Lot- 
tery removes  to,  974 

Honduras,  British  (Balize),  a  British 
dependency  in  Central  America:  be- 
comes a  crown  colony,  20,  120;  gov- 
ernment of,  245 

Hongi  Hika  (ca.  1814),  a  New  Zealand 
warrior:  sketch  of,  20,  210 

Hongkong,  an  island  off  the  coast  of 
China  belonging  to  Great  Britain: 
ceded  to  England,  6,  135;  sketch  of, 
20,  255 

Honorius  II  (d.  1130),  Pope,  1124- 
1130:  his  quarrel  with  Denmark,  16, 
78 


334 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Honorius  III  (d.  1227),  Pope,  1216- 
1227:  his  contention  with  Frederick 
II,  4,  201,  17,  93,  18,  160;  character 
of,  xi,  130 

Honorius,  Flavius  (384-423  A.  D.), 
Emperor  of  the  West,  395-423:  ac- 
cession of,  2,  528,  17,  16;  associated 
with  Theodosius  in  the  Empire  of 
the  West,  4,  137;  summary  of  his 
reign,  4,  146,  9,  16,  18,  35;  Britons 
implore  aid  from,  11,  16 

Honter  (ca.  1566),  a  Lutheran  pastor 
of  Transylvania:  his  work  in  Tran- 
sylvania, 17,  221 

Hood,  John  Bell  (1831-1879),  a  Con- 
federate general  in  the  American 
Civil  War:  succeeds  Johnston,  24, 
795;  endeavors  to  draw  Sherman 
from  Georgia,  802;  defeated  at 
Nashville,  803 

Hood,  Samuel,  Viscount  Hood  (1724- 
1816),  an  English  admiral:  his  cam- 
paign in  France,  9,  285;  enters  Tou- 
lon, 10,  274 

Hooft,  Pieter  Cornelissen  (1581- 
1647),  a  Dutch  poet  and  dramatist: 
sketch  of,  13,  220 

Hoogerbeets  (ca.  1609),  a  Dutch  pa- 
triot: arrest  of,  13,  199 

Hooghlede,  France:  battle  of  (1794), 
9,  290,  10,  345 

Hooghly:  see  Hugli 

Hoogstraeten,  Count  of  (ca.  1566),  a 
Dutch  patriot:  refuses  to  take  the 
new  oath  of  allegiance,  13,  102;  flees 
to  Germany,  103 

Hooker,  Joseph  (1814-1879),  an  Amer- 
ican soldier:  sketch  of,  24,  770,  779; 
outgeneraled  by  Lee,  771;  held  from 
pursuit  by  Lee's  rear  guard,  778; 
succeeded  by  Meade,  779 

Hooker,  Richard  (ca.  1553-1600),  an 
English  clergyman:  his  "Ecclesias- 
tical Polity,"  11,  301 

Hooker,  Thomas  (ca.  1586-1647),  an 
American  clergyman:  founds  Con- 
necticut colony,  23,  91;  notable  di- 
vine, 139 

Hooper,  John  (ca.  I49S-I555).  an 
English  bishop:  martyrdom  of,  11, 
271 

Hoorn:  see  Horn,  Philippe  de  Mont- 
morency-Nivelle 


Hoosier  State,  The:  see  Indiana 

Hope,  Sir  Henry  (1787-1863),  an  Eng- 
lish admiral:  defeated  at  Taku,  6, 
169 

Hope,  John  Adrian  Louis,  7th  Earl  of 
Hopetown  (i860 ),  English  co- 
lonial governor:  made  governor 
general  of  Australia,  20,  207 

Hope,  Sir  Theodore  Cracraft  (b. 
1831),  a  member  of  the  Bombay 
civil  service;  sketch  of,  5,  262 

Hophra:  see  Apries 

Hopkins,  Stephens  (1707-1785),  an 
American  statesman:  quoted  on 
Rhode  Island  trade  with  Africa,  23, 
135;  delegate  to  first  Continental 
Congress,  223;  refuses  to  take  cog- 
nizance of  any  case  arising  from 
the  Gaspee  Affair,  218 

Hopkinson,  Joseph  (1770-1842),  an 
American  jurist:  author  of  "Hail, 
Columbia,"  23,  374 

Hopton,  Sir  Ralph  (d.  ca.  1652),  an 
English  officer:  commands  Royal- 
ist forces,  11,  345 

Horace  (Quintus  Horatius  Flavius) 
(65-8  B.  C),  a  Latin  poet:  in  Ath- 
ens, 4,  17 

Horazdovce,  Bohemia:  siege  of 
(1307),  17,  113 

Horcasitas,  Presidio  of,  a  Mexican 
council:  founded,  22,  198 

Hor-em-heb  (Armais),  King  of  Egypt, 
ca.  1500  B.  C:  reign  of,  I,  25 

Hormayr,  Joseph  von  (1781-1848),  a 
German  historian:  reestablishes  the 
government  of  the  Tyrol,  17,  297 

Hormuz,  Persia:  battle  of  (218  A.  D.), 

5,  315 

Horn,  Count  (d.  1823),  a  Swedish  no- 
bleman: plots  to  assassinate  Gus- 
tavus,  16,  249 

Horn,  van  (ca.  1683),  a  Dutch  bucca- 
neer: leads  pirates,  20,  68 

Horn,  Count  Arvid  Bernard  (1664- 
1742),  a  Swedish  statesman:  the 
party  of,  15,  130;  surrenders  War- 
saw, 16,  217;  ministry  of,  226;  death 
of,  228 

Horn,  Evert  (ca.  1609),  a  Swedish  of- 
ficer: his  campaign  against  Russia, 
16,   173 

Horn,  Gustaf,  Count  of  (1592-1657),  a 


GENERAL    INDEX 


Swedish  general:  his  campaign  in 
Switzerland,  13,  464;  at  the  battle 
of  Nordlingen,  16,  186;  his  cam- 
paign against  Denmark,  187;  cam- 
paigns of,  18,  280,  285 

Horn,  Henrik  (ca.  1584),  a  Swedish 
captain:  his  campaign  against  Rus- 
sia,   16,    167 

Horn,  Klas  (ca.  1584),  a  Swedish  cap- 
tain: his  campaign  against  Russia, 
16,  167 

Horn  or  Hoorn,  Philippe  de  Mont- 
morency-Nivelle,  Count  of  (1522- 
1568),  a  Flemish  noble:  escorts 
Philip  II  to  Spain,  13,  73;  joins  plot 
against  Granvelle,  78;  joins  con- 
federation, 89;  resigns  his  govern- 
ment position,  90;  refuses  to  take 
the  new  oath  of  allegiance,  102;  ar- 
rest of,  8,  359,  13,  105;  death  of,  8, 
359,   13,   108 

Horn-men,  a  Swiss  political  party:  de- 
scription of,  13,  544  note 

Horsa  (d.  455  A.  D.),  Jutish  chief- 
tain:   invades    England,    II,    17,   18, 

39 

Horse  Shoe  Bend,  Tennessee:  battle 
of  (1814),  23,  461 

Hortensius,  Quintus,  Roman  dictator 
287  B.  C. :  reforms  of,  3,  50 

Hortensius,    Quintus    (114-50    B.    C), 

•  Roman  orator:  allied  with  Caesar, 
3,   338 

Hosameddin,  Pasha  (ca.  1770),  a 
Turkish  commander:  at  the  battle 
of  Tchesme,  15,  179 

Hosein  (Husein)  (7th  century),  son 
of  Ali,  Arabian  ruler,  claims  the 
command  of  the  faithful,  1,  248 

Hoshea  ben  Elah  (ca.  734  B.  C), 
King  of  Israel:  usurps  the  throne  of 
Israel,  1,  393;  revolts  against  As- 
syria, 394 

Hosokawa  Kazumoto  (ca.  1460),  Jap- 
anese nobleman:  rebellion  of,  7,  98 

Hosokawa  Mochiyuki  (ca.  1440),  Jap- 
anese nobleman:  crushes  revolt  of 
Akamatsu  Mitsusuke,  7,  96 

Hospital,  Marquis  de  1'  (ca.  1757),  a 
French  nobleman:  made  ambassa- 
dor to  Russia,  15,  147 

Hostages,  Hero  of  the  Nine:  see  Nial 
the  Great,  King  of  Ireland 


Hostages,  Law  of,  a  law  of  the 
French  Directory:  effect  of,  10,  406; 
abolished,  10,  432 

Hostilius,  Aulus  (ca.  171  B.  C),  Ro- 
man general:  in  the  third  Macedo- 
nian War,  3,  149 

Hotham,  Sir  John  (ca.  1642),  gover- 
nor of  Hull:  closes  Hull  against 
Charles  I,  1 1,  344 

Hother  (ca.  300  A.  D.),  a  legendary 
Scandinavian  warrior:  slain  by 
Stoerkodder,  16,  18 

Hotspur,  Henry:  see  Percy,  Henry 

Hotta  Masaatsu  (Bitchu-no-Kami) 
(ca.  1856),  Japanese  statesman:  at- 
tempts to  negotiate  treaty  with  the 
United  States,  7,  157 

Hotta  Masatoshi  (ca.  1680),  Japanese 
statesman:  made  tairo,  7,  140 

Hottinger,  Johann  Heinrich  (1620- 
1667),  a  Swiss  Orientalist  and  Prot- 
estant divine:  sketch  of,  13,  482 

Hottinger,  Johann  Jakob  (1652-1735), 
Swiss  theologian:  sketch  of,  13,  482 

Houchard,  Jean  Nicolas  (1740-1793), 
a  French  general:  commands  army 
of  the  north,  9,  286;  supersedes  Cus- 
tine,  xo,  276;  death  of,  287 

Hough,  John  (1651-1743),  an  English 
scholar:  chosen  president  of  Mag- 
dalen College,  11,  426 

House  of  Burgesses:  see  Burgesses, 
House  of 

House  of  Commons,  the  lower  branch 
of  the  English  Parliament:  germ  of, 
in  Assembly  at  St.  Albans,  11,  125; 
growth  in  importance  during  14th 
century,  182 

House  of  Representatives  of  the  Uni- 
ted States:  composition  of,  23,  332; 
salary  of  members,  346;  adopts  the 
"  twenty-first  rule,"  24,  579 

Houston,  Sam,  an  American  general 
and  statesman:  born  near  Lexing- 
ton, Va.,  March  2,  1793;  took 
part  in  the  War  of  1812;  was  a 
member  of  Congress  from  Tennes- 
see, 1823-1827,  and  Governor  of 
Tennessee,  1827-1829;  at  the  head 
of  the  Texans  defeated  the  Mex- 
icans at  San  Jacinto,  April,  1836; 
was  president  of  Texas,  1836-1838 
and    1841-1844;    was    United    States 


336 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Senator  from  Texas,  1845-1849,  and 
Governor  of  Texas,  1850-1861;  died 
at  Huntersville,  Texas,  July  25,  1863 
Defeats  Santa  Anna,  22,  273;  at 
battle  of  San  Jacinto,  24,  534;  com- 
mander-in-chief of  Texan  army, 
534;  elected  president  of  Texas, 
534;  opposes  Kansas-Nebraska  Bill, 
637;  refuses  to  join  secession  move- 
ment, 690 

Houtman,  Cornelius  (d.  ca.  1605),  a 
Dutch  navigator:  his  voyage  to  In- 
dia, 5,  154;  forms  a  Dutch  East  In- 
dia Company,  13,  167;  sketch  of,  20, 
56 

Howard,  Catherine  (d.  1542),  fifth  wife 
of  Henry  VIII  of  England:  mar- 
riage of,  11,  261 

Howard,  Charles,  Baron  of  Effing- 
ham (1536-1624),  English  admiral: 
commands  English  fleet  against  the 
Armada,  II,  296;  at  the  capture  of 
Cadiz  (1596),  298 

Howard,  Henry,  Earl  of  Surrey:  see 
Surrey,  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of 

Howard,   Oliver  Otis   (1830 ),  an 

American  general:  commands 
Hooker's  right,  24,  771;  commands 
Army  of  Tennessee,  804;  commands 
Sherman's  right,  806;  president  of 
Freedman's  Bureau,  849 

Howard,  Thomas,  4th  Duke  of  Nor- 
folk: see  Norfolk,  4th  Duke  of 

Howard,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Surrey  and 
3rd  Duke  of  Norfolk  (i473-i553)> 
English  statesman  and  general:  at 
Flodden,  11,  236;  made  lord  lieu- 
tenant of  Ireland,  12,  77 

Howard  Association,  a  body  of  peo- 
ple who  cared  for  the  yellow  fever 
patients  of  New  Orleans  in  the  epi- 
demic of  1878,  24,  924 

Howard  of  Escrick,  Edward  Howard, 
Lord  (ca.  1683),  an  English  states- 
man: implicated  in  the  Rye  House 
Plot,  11,  414 

Howden,  John  Cradock,  Lord:  see 
Cradock,  John,  Lord  Howden 

Howe,  George  Augustus,  Viscount 
Howe  (1724-1758),  English  soldier: 
killed  in  expedition  against  Ticon- 
deroga,  23,  189 


Howe,  Richard  Howe,  Earl,  an  Eng- 
lish admiral:  born  at  London,  Eng- 
land, March  8,  1725;  studied  at  Eton 
and  Westminster;  became  a  mid- 
shipman, 1739;  made  post-captain 
for  gallantry  at  Fort  William, 
1745;  captured  Cherbourg  and  Mar- 
tignan,  1758;  succeeded  his  brother 
as  viscount  in  the  Irish  peerage, 
1758;  defeated  the  French  under 
the  Count  of  Conflans,  1759;  was 
treasurer  of  the  navy,  1765;  made 
rear  admiral  of  the  blue,  with 
chief  command  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 1770;  was  appointed  with 
his  brother  William  commissioner 
to  avert  the  war  in  the  American 
colonies,  1776;  fought  D'  Estaing 
off  Rhode  Island,  1778;  made  ad- 
miral and  created  viscount  in  the 
British  peerage,  1782;  relieved  Gi- 
braltar, 1782;  made  first  Lord  of  the 
Admiralty,  1783;  created  earl,  1788; 
took  command  of  the  Channel  fleet, 
1793;  defeated  the  French  off  Brest, 
1794;  made  general  of  the  marines, 
1795;  died  in  London,  August  5, 
1799 

At  siege  of  Gibraltar,  9,  256;  wins 
Battle  of  the  First  of  June,  11,  543; 
quells  mutiny  in  the  navy,  547 

Howe,  Robert  (ca.  1779),  American 
soldier:  commander  of  American 
forces  in  the  South,  23,  272 

Howe,  Samuel  Gridley  (1801-1876), 
American  philanthropist:  in  San 
Domingo  commission,  24,  880 

Howe,  William,  Viscount  Howe 
(1729-1814),  English  general:  his 
campaigns  in  America,  11,  516;  at 
siege  of  Quebec,  23,  194;  arrives  at 
Boston,  231;  at  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill,  232;  evacuates  Boston,  235:  in 
battle  of  Long  Island,  242;  at  bat- 
tle of  White  Plains,  244;  captures 
Fort  Washington,  244;  his  army  pil- 
lages college  buildings  at  Princeton, 
249;  attempts  to  march  across  New 
Jersey  (1777),  258;  at  battle  of 
Brandywine,  259;  reduces  Forts 
Mercer  and  Mifflin,  260;  recalled, 
262 


GENERAL    INDEX 


337 


Hrodlo,  Diet  of,  to  arrange  relations 
between  Poland  and  Lithuania 
(1413),  15,  377 

Hrolf  (ca.  860-ca.  930  A.  D.),  first 
Duke  of  the  Normans,  Norwegian 
viking:     organizes     Normandy,     ix, 

57 

Hsi  Wang  (ca.  1645),  a  Chinese  rebel: 
tyranny  of,  6,  60 

Hsia  Dynasty,  The,  a  dynasty  of  the 
Chinese  Empire  lasting  from  1954 
to  1687  B.  C,  6,  6 

Hsian  Fu  (Sian  Fu),  China:  Nesto- 
rian  monument  at,  6,  15;  flight  of 
court  to,  285,  303 

Hsienfeng  (19th  century),  Emperor 
of  China:  accession  of,  6,  155;  death 
of,  188 

Hsing  Pu  (Board  of  Punishments), 
a  Chinese  torture  chamber  estab- 
lished in  early  times:  description  of, 

i     6,   180 

Hsu  (ca.  1900),  Chinese  minister: 
death  of,  6,  282 

Hsu  Ch'engyii  (ca.  1900),  a  Chinese 
official  connected  with  the  Boxer 
outbreak:  sentenced,  6,  285 

Hsu  Ching-Chen  (ca.  1900),  Chinese 
councilor:  in  Boxer  movement,  6, 
302 

Hsu     Tung     (ca.     1900),     a     Chinese 

'  statesman:  made  plenipotentiary,  6, 
303 

Hu  Weiyung  (ca.  1384),  a  Chinese 
minister:  plots  assassination  of 
Chinese  emperor,  7,  102 

Huacho,  Peru:  gold  mines  discovered 
at,  21,  209 

Huascar  (ca.  1530),  an  Inca  chief:  at 
war  with  Atahualpa,  21,  19 

"Huascar,"  a  Peruvian  monitor: 
sinks  the  "  Esmeralda,"  21,  235;  de- 
stroyed, 235 

Hubbardton,  Vermont:  battle  of 
U777),  23,  252 

Hubert  de  Burgh:  see  Burgh,  Hubert 
de 

Hubertsburg,  Peace  of,  between 
Prussia,  Austria,  and  Saxony,  end- 
ing the  Seven  Years'  War  (1763), 
«,  505,  17,  244,  18,  344 

Hudson,  Henry,  an  English  naviga- 
tor: date  and  place  of  his  birth  are 


unknown;  attempted  to  discover  the 
Northwest  Passage  in  1607,  but  was 
unsuccessful  and  returned  to  Eng- 
land; attempted  to  find  the  North- 
east Passage,  1608;  entered  the  serv- 
ice of  the  Dutch  East  India  Com- 
pany, 1609,  and  again  started  to 
find  the  Northeast  Passage  but  his 
crews  mutinied  and  one  of  his  two 
vessels  returned,  but  with  the  other, 
the  "  Halfmoon,"  he  sailed  across 
the  Atlantic  to  Nova  Scotia,  then 
southward  to  the  Chesapeake  Bay 
and  explored  the  Hudson  River  as 
far  as  where  Albany  now  stands; 
sailed  again,  1610,  in  an  English 
ship,  "The  Discovery";  discovered 
Hudson  Strait  and  Hudson  Bay; 
wintered  on  James  Bay;  his  crew 
mutinied  and  on  June  23,  181 1,  he 
with  eight  others  was  set  adrift  and 
never  again  heard  from 

Searches  for  the  Northwest  Pas- 
sage, 5,  156;  discoveries  of,  13,  167; 
explorations  of,  16,  303,  20,  63,  23, 
101;  his  treatment  of  the  Indians, 
23,  50 

Hudson  Bay,  an  inland  sea  in  North 
America:  ceded  to  English,  23,  162 

Hudson  Bay  Company,  an  English 
company  chartered  in  1670  for  the 
purpose  of  trading  with  the  North 
American  Indians:  incorporated,  16, 
305;  sketch  of,  20,  86,  168 

Hudson  River,  a  river  in  New  York: 
discovered  and  named,  23,  101 

Hue,  capital  of  Annam:  bombard- 
ment of  (1883),  20,  273 

Huehuetoca,  Canal  of,  intended  to 
drain  the  lake  of  Zumpango  in 
Mexico:  building  of,  22,  145 

Huger,  Benjamin  (1807-1877),  Con- 
federate general  in  the  American 
Civil  War:  at  the  siege  of  Mexico, 
22,  363 

Hugh  Capet  (d.  996  A.  D.),  King  of 
France,  987-996:  becomes  Duke  of 
France  and  Count  of  Paris,  9,  58; 
accession  of,  to  throne,  9,  59,  18, 
119;  reign  of,  63;  visits  Otto  II  in 
Rome,  18,  117 

Hugh  le  Despenser:  see  Despenser, 
Hugh  le 


338 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Hugh  of  Beauvais  (ca.  998),  a  French 
courtier:  murder  of,  9,  67 

Hugh  of  Peuset  (ca.  1199),  Bishop  of 
Durham,  English  prelate:  appointed 
Justiciar,  II,  112 

Hugh  the  Great  or  the  White  (d.  956 
A.  D.),  Count  of  Paris  and  Duke  of 
France:  career  of,  9,  54;  excom- 
municated, 57;  marries  sister  of 
^Ethelstan,  II,  46 

Hughes  (19th  century),  an  American 
soldier:    in   the    Mexican   War,   22, 

373 
Hughes,  Sir  Edward  (ca.  1763),  Eng- 
lish  admiral:   his   campaigns  in   In- 
dia, 5,  194;  at  battle  of  Gondelour, 

9,  257 

Hugh  or  Hooghly,  Bengal:  growth 
of,  5,  150 

Hugo,  Duke  (ca.  946),  a  French  no- 
bleman: claims  French  throne,  18, 
in 

Hugonet  (d.  1477),  Burgundian  no- 
ble: death  of,  13,  48 

Huguenots,  the  Puritans  of  France: 
Denmark  refuses  an  asylum  to  the, 
16,  235;  make  settlements  in 
America,  23,  47;  arrive  in  Virginia, 
67;  attracted  to  Maryland,  72; 
settle  in  North  Carolina,  74;  settle 
in  South  Carolina,  76;  value  as 
American  colonists,  127 

Hugues,  Bezanson  (ca.  1525),  a  Swiss 
politician:  sketch  of,  13,  447 

Hugues,  Victor  (1761-1826),  a  French 
administrator:  expels  the  English 
from  Guadeloupe,  20,  268 

Huing-yo-cheng,  China:  battle  of 
(1904),  7,  310 

Hulagu  or  Huluku  (ca.  1256),  a  Mon- 
golian ruler:  captures  Bagdad,  5, 
334 

Hulan,  King:  see  Alfonso  XII,  King 
of  Spain 

Hulin    or   Hullin,    Comte    Pierre    Au- 
gustan   (1758-1841),   a    French   gen 
eral:    leads    attack    on    the    Bastile, 
io,  65 

Hull,  Isaac  (1775-1843),  an  American 
commodore:  commands  "Constitu- 
tion," 23,  422 

Hull,  William  (1 753-1825),  an  Amer- 


ican soldier:  attacks  Canadians,  23, 
420 

Hullin:  see  Hulin 

Hiilseman,  Baron  (19th  century), 
Austrian  minister:  protests  against 
American  interference  with  Hun- 
gary, 24,  639 

Hulst,  Netherlands:  taken  by  the 
Spanish  (1596),  13,  163;  battle  of 
(1643),  214 

Huluku:  see  Hulagu 

Human  Sacrifice:  in  India,  5,  81; 
practiced  by  the  Aztecs,  23,  7 

Huraann  (early  19th  century),  French 
political  leader:  in  Soult's  ministry, 
9,  402 

Humayun  (d.  1556),  Mogul  emperor: 
reign  of,  5,  no;  receives  aid  from 
Tamasp  I  of  Persia,  342 

Humbert  I  (1844-1900),  King  of  Italy 
(IV,  King  of  Sardinia) :  reign  of,  4, 
397;  joins  alliance  of  Germany  and 
Austria,  17,  426;  assassinated,  4,  405 

Humbert  (I),  surnamed  Biancamano 
(ca.  993  A.  D.),  Count  of  Savoy: 
founds  house  of  Savoy,  4,  272 

Humbert  II  (d.  1103),  Count  of  Sa- 
voy: reign  of,  4,  272 

Humbert  (III),  St.  (1146-1188),  Count 
of  Savoy:  reign  of,  4,  273 

Humbert,  Joseph  Amable  (ca.  1760- 
1823),  a  French  general:  leads 
expedition  to  Ireland,  12,  214 

Humboldt,  Baron  Friedrich  Heinrich 
Alexander  von  (1769-1859),  a  noted 
German  scientist  called  The  Father 
of  Physical  Geography:  influence  of, 
18,  396;  forbidden  to  enter  Brazil, 
20,  27;  visits  Mexico,  22,  229 

Humboldt,  William  von  (1 767-1835),  a 
German  philologist  and  author:  in- 
fluence of,  18,  396 

Hume,  Allan  Octavian  (b.  1829),  of 
the  Indian  civil  service:  supports 
the  Indian  National  Congress,  5, 
270 

Hummelsdorf,  Sweden:  battle  of 
(1702),  15,  42 

Hun-chun,  China:  occupied  by  Rus- 
sia, 7,  285 

Hundred,  Council  of  a:  see  Council  of 
a  Hundred 


GENERAL    INDEX 


339 


Hundred  Days,  The,  the  period  dur- 
ing which  Napoleon  made  his  final 
effort  to  reestablish  his  power 
(1815),  10,  498,  11,  567,  15,  262 

Hundred  Years'  War,  a  series  of  dis- 
astrous wars  between  England  and 
France  (1338-1453):  causes,  9,  92, 
11,  157;  battles  of  Ecluse  or  Sluys 
(1340),  9,  93,  11,  160;  of  Crecy 
(1346),  9,  94,  11,  161;  of  Poitiers 
(1356),  9,  98,  11,  164;  of  Agincourt 
(1415),  9,  in,  11,  198;  Treaties  of 
Bretigny  (1360),  9,  101,  II,  166;  of 
Troyes  (1420),  9,  113,  II,  200;  re- 
sults, 11,  207;  see  also  French  and 
Indian  Wars 

Hunfrido:  see  Wifredo 

Hung  Hsiuts'uan  (d.  1862),  Chinese 
Emperor,  founder  of  T'aiping  dyn- 
asty: account  of,  6,  147;  death  of, 
205 

Hungarian  Insurrection,  a  revolt  of 
the  Hungarians  under  Kossuth 
agajnst  the  tyranny  of  Austria 
(1848-1849),  15,  300 

Hungarians,  the  inhabitants  of  Hun- 
gary: sketch  of,  18,  99;  incursions 
of,  17,  15,  18,  100;  make  a  truce 
with  Henry  I,  18,  106;  defeat  of,  107; 
invade  Germany,  112;  see  also  Hun- 
gary 

Hungary,  a  country  in  Central  Eu- 
rope, called  the  Granary  of  Europe, 
the  Ireland  of  Austria  and  the 
Realm  of  St.  Stephen:  invaded  by 
Tartars,  14,  4;  menaced  by  Murad, 
30;  attacked  by  Bayezid,  37;  dev- 
astated, 45;  at  war  with  Turkey, 
147,  151;  acquired  by  Suleiman  I, 
159;  recovered  from  Turkey,  291; 
offers  crown  to  Ferdinand  I  of  Aus- 
tria, 17,  3;  relics  of  the  stone  age 
found  in,  10;  invaded  by  the  Gepidae 
and  Burgundians,  14;  obtains  a  place 
among  European  states,  46;  be- 
comes an  independent  kingdom, 
47;  annexed  to  Croatia,  52;  at  war 
with  Bohemia,  59;  under  the  House 
of  Anjou  and  the  elective  mon- 
archy, 151;  divided,  216;  freed  from 
the  Turks  and  reconciled  to  Aus- 
tria, 227;  condition  of,  at  beginning 
of    the    Napoleonic    period,    279;    in 


the  struggle  against  the  French 
Revolution,  286;  under  Leopold  II 
and  Prancis  II,  330;  revolution  of 
1848,  368;  during  the  first  years  of 
the  reign  of  Francis  Joseph,  381; 
opposes  the  Austrian  constitution, 
388;  from  1894  to  1896,  439;  eco- 
nomic progress  (1894-1906),  452; 
present  political  status  in,  453 

Hungary,  The  Apostle  of:  see  Ste- 
phen I,  King  of  Hungary 

Hungwu  (Chu)  (ca.  1365),  Emperor 
of  China:  account  of,  6,  26,  27; 
death  of,  29 

Huningen,  a  town  of  Upper  Alsace: 
siege  of  (1815),  13,  527 

Hunkers,  the  conservative  wing  of 
the    Democratic    party   in    1848,   24, 

555 

Hunniades,  John:  see  Hunyady,  John 

Hunold  (ca.  735  A.  D.),  Duke  of 
Aquitaine,  735-745  A.  D.:  reign  of, 
9,  40 

Huns,  a  Mongolian  race  of  central 
Asia:  invade  Greece,  2,  529,  ad- 
vent of,  4,  136,  147,  17,  15,  18,  38; 
menace  Western  civilization,  14, 
4;  sketch  of,   18,  33 

Hunt,  Henry  (1773-1835),  an  English 
statesman:  arrest  of,  11,  572;  his 
reform  proposals,  583 

Hunt,   William   Henry    (1857 ),    a 

United  States  judge:  in  Garfield's 
cabinet,  24,  932  note;  governor  of 
Porto  Rico,  1041 

Hunter,  Robert  Mercer  Taliaferro 
(1809-1887),  an  American  states- 
man: acts  as  intermediary  for  Con- 
federacy, 24,  708;  in  Hampton 
Roads   Conference,  809 

Hunter,  William  (ca.  1753),  American 
patriot:  deputy  postmaster-general 
of  the  colonies,  23,   153 

Hunter,  Sir  William  Wilson  (1840- 
1900),  a  British  publicist:  directs  the 
Statistical  Survey  of  India,  5,  250 

Huntly,    Gordon,    Earl    of    (d. 

1562),  a   Scottish  chief:   fall   of,   12, 

314 

Huntly,    Gordon,    Earl    of    (ca. 

1588):  leader  of  the  Catholic  party 
in   Scotland   (1592),  12,  327 

Hunton,    Eppa    (b.    1822),    a    United 


340 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


States  lawyer:  member  of  the  Elec- 
toral Commission,  24,  913  note 

Hunyady,  John  (1387-1456),  a  re- 
nowned Hungarian  general,  called 
The  Raven  Knight:  origin  of,  14, 
38;  account  of,  60;  made  regent  of 
Hungary,  17,  157;  in  the  Hungarian 
wars  with  the  Turks,  159;  career  of, 
18,  214;  death  of,  14,  84 

Hunyady,  Vladislav  (d.  1457),  Hun- 
garian nobleman:  death  of,  17,  161 

Huron  Indians,  an  Indian  tribe  of 
North  America:  burial  customs,  23, 
10 

Hurricane,  The:  see  Mirabeau,  Ga- 
briel Hon  ore  Riquetti,  Count 

Hurtado  (ca.  1600),  a  Spanish  ad- 
miral: his  expedition  against  the 
Dutch,  13,  180 

Husam  ben  Dhizar,  surnamed  Abul- 
chatur  (ca.  736  A.  D.),  an  Arabian 
governor  of  Spain:  subdues  rebel- 
lion in  Spain,  8,  66 

Husbandry,  Patrons  of:  see  Grangers 

Husein:  see  Hosein 

Husein  Mirza,  Shah  of  Persia,  1694- 
1714:  reign  of,  5,  347 

Hu-shan,  Korea:  captured  by  the 
Japanese,  7,  267 

Huskisson,  William  (1770-1830),  an 
English  statesman:  labor  reforms 
of,  II,  575;  resigns  from  ministry, 
584;  death  of,  590 

Huss,  John,  a  Bohemian  religious  re- 
former: born  at  Husinetz,  southern 
Bohemia,  July  6,  1369;  studied  di- 
vinity and  the  liberal  arts  at  the 
University  of  Prague;  he  lectured 
there  on  the  doctrines  of  Wycliffe, 
1398;  appointed  dean  of  the  philo- 
sophical faculty,  1401;  was  rector  of 
the  university,  1402-1403;  preached 
the  doctrines  of  Wycliffe  in  the 
Bethlehem  Chapel  at  Prague;  re- 
elected rector  of  the  university,  1409; 
denounced  the  bull  of  John  XXIII, 
1412,  which  decreed  a  crusade 
against  Ladislaus,  King  of  Naples, 
and  together  with  Jerome  of 
Prague,  condemned  the  sale  of  in- 
dulgences; was  excommunicated; 
summoned  before  the  Council  of 
Constance,   1414;  was  given  a  safe- 


conduct  by  the  Emperor  Sigismund 
but  was  arrested;  as  he  would  not 
recant,  he  was  burned  at  Constance, 
Baden,  July  6,  1415 

Career   and  teaching   of,   17,   119, 
18,  202 

Huss,  Nicholas  (ca.  1418),  a  Bohe- 
mian divine:  becomes  a  leader  of 
the  populace,  17,  127 

Hussein  (ca.  1721),  Shah  of  Persia: 
asks  Peter  of  Russia  for  assistance, 
15,  78 

Hussein  Avni  (19th  century),  a  Turk- 
ish general:  account  of,  14,  475 

Hussein  Pasha  (1773-1838),  last  Dey 
of  Algiers:  his  campaign  against 
Russia,   15,   279 

Hussite  War,  The,  between  Bohemia 
and  Germany  (1420-1436):  cause  of, 
18,  201;  battle  of  Thauss  (1431), 
peace  treaty,  18,  210;  result,  211 

Hutchinson,  Anne  (1590-1643),  reli- 
gious enthusiast:  a  sketch  of,  23, 
89;  in  Rhode  Island  Colony,  94; 
adherents  in  New  Hampshire,  95 

Hutchinson,  John  Hely  (1715-1794),  an 
Irish  statesman:  supports  free  trade 
movement,  12,  183 

Hutchinson,  Thomas  (1711-1780),  royal 
governor  of  Massachusetts:  his 
house  sacked  by  mob,  23,  211; 
removes  soldiers  from  Boston,  217; 
prominent  Tory,  294 

Hutin  (Headstrong):  see  Louis  X, 
King  of  France 

Hutten,  Ulric  von  (1488-1523),  a  Ger- 
man poet  and  humanist:  befriends 
Luther,   18,  239 

Huy,    Belgium:    siege    of    (1694),    13, 

245 
Hvitsek    (ca.    750    A.    D.),    King    of 

Jutland:  legend  of,  16,  20 
Hwan   Bunko    (ca.    1256),    a    Chinese 

general:  his  campaign  in  Japan,  7, 

75 
Hwangchukki,      China:      murder      of 

Englishmen  at,  6,  147 
Hwang-hai:  see  Yellow  Sea 
Hwangho  River:  see  Yellow  River 
Hwangti,  Emperor  of  China,  ca.  2332 

B.  C. :  reign  of,  6,  5 
Hwiccan,  a  division  of  the  Saxons  in 

England:    separate   from   the    West 


GENERAL    INDEX 


841 


Saxons,  II,  25;  defeated  by  Penda, 

34 

Hyde  (ca.  1641),  an  English  politi- 
cian: leader  of  religious  toleration 
party,   II,  341 

Hyde,  Anne  (1637-1671),  daughter  of 
Lord  Clarendon:  marries  James  II 
of   England,   II,  399 

Hyde,  Edward,  1st  Earl  of  Clarendon 
(1608-1674),  an  English  historian 
and  chancellor:  Lord  Chancellor, 
11,  380;  disgraced,  390;  made  lord 
lieutenant  of  Ireland,   12,  131 

Hyde,  Edward,  Viscount  of  Cornbury 
(afterward  Earl  of  Clarendon) 
(1661-1723),  English  colonial  officer: 
governor  of  New  York,  23,  107 

Hyde,  Lawrence,  Earl  of  Rochester 
(1641-1711),  English  statesman: 
supports  Charles  II,  11,  415;  dis- 
missed from  office,  425;  leader  of 
the  High  Tories,  455 

Hyder  Ali  Khan  (1718-1782),  Hindoo 


prince:  at  war  with  the  English,  9, 
256,  11,  527,  20,  120 

Hyele:  see  Velia 

Hyksos,  Kings  of  Egypt,  ca.  2200-155 
B.  C. :  invade  Egypt,  1,  20 

Hylacomylus:  see  Waldseemuller 

Hyndford,  John  Carmichael,  Earl  of 
(1701-1767),  a  Scottish  diplomatist: 
negotiations  of,  15,  141 

Hyperbolus  (d.  411  B.  C.)>  Athenian 
demagogue:  death  of,  2,  357 

Hyperboreans  (Outside  Northwind- 
ers),  a  fabled  race  living  in  the  far 
north,  separated  from  the  rest  of 
the  world:  fable  of,  16,  3 

Hyperides  (ca.  396-323  B.  C),  Athe- 
nian orator:  death  of,  2,  512,  513 

Hypsaeus,  Lucius  (ca.  133  B.  C),  Ro- 
man pretor:  slaves  defeat,  3,  173 

Hyrcanus,  John  (d.  103  B.  C),  high 
priest  of  Jerusalem:  reign  of,  1,  407 

Hyrcanus  II  (d.  30  B.  C),  prince  of 
Judaea:  in  civil  war,  3,  274 


Ibarra  (19th  century),  governor  of 
Santiago  del  Estero:  cruelty  of,  21, 

125 

Ibarra,  Francisco  (ca.  1550),  a  Span- 
ish explorer:  explorations  of,  22, 
117 

Ibbetson,  Sir  Denzil  Charles  Jelf  (b. 
1847),  an  English  statesman  in  In- 
dia:  policy   of,   5,   282 

Ibernia:  see  Ireland 

Ibernians,  ancient  race  in  Spain  and 
Portugal:  earliest  inhabitants  of 
Spanish  peninsula,  8,  3;  divisions  of, 
10;  invade  England,  II,  4 

Iberville,  Pierre  Lemoyne,  Sieur  d' 
(1661-1706),  a  French  explorer:  at- 
tempts to  make  a  French  settlement 
in  America,  20,  85 

Iberville  River,  Louisiana:  Spanish 
boundary,  23,  400 

Ibn-Batuta:  see  Batootah 

Ibrahim  (ca.  744  A.  D.),  a  caliph  of 
the  Omeyyad  dynasty:  claims  the 
throne  of  the  caliphs,  I,  340 

Ibrahim  I  (d.  1648),  Sultan  of  Turkey, 
1640-1648:  preserved  from  death,  14, 
224;  accession  of,  225;  deposed,  227; 
put  to  death,  228 

Ibrahim  (d.  1535),  Grand  Vizier  of 
Turkey,  1523-153S:  sent  to  Egypt, 
14,  150;  account  of,  166;  wealth  of, 
confiscated,  184 

Ibrahim,  Grand  Vizier  of  Turkey, 
1718-1730:  account  of,  14,  292 

Ibrahim  Abu  Ishac  ben  Taxfin  (ca. 
1 145),  a  ruler  of  Morocco:  reign  of, 

8,  97 

Ibrahim  ben  Yussef  (ca.  1130),  a  Mo- 
roccan general:  sent  against  Mo- 
hammed ben  Abdalla,  8,  94 

Ibrahim  of  Aleppo  (d.  1549),  Ottoman 
jurist:  compiles  Ottoman  code,  14, 
187 

Ibrahim    Pasha    (1780-1848),    Viceroy 


of  Egypt:  his  campafgns  in  Syria, 
38;  reign  of,  1,  38;  revolt  of,  9, 
403;  son  of  Mohammed  AH,  14,  409; 
his  campaign  against  the  Greeks, 
417;  aids  Mohammed  Ali  in  rebel- 
lion, 433;  in  the  Greek  war,  15,  275; 
his    campaign    against    Turkey,    289 

Ibrahim  the  Devil  (Kara  Djehennin) 
(ca.  1826),  a  Turkish  general:  com- 
mands artillery  against  the  Janis- 
saries, 14,  419 

lea,  Peru:  insurrection  in  (1865),  21, 
207 

Iceland,  an  island  in  the  North  At- 
lantic Ocean:  settlement  of,  16,  44, 
299;  brought  under  the  control  of 
Norway,  99;  receives  a  constitution, 
291;  visited  by  the  Irish  Culdees, 
298;  visited  by  Columbus,  23,  26 

Iceni,  State  of,  an  ancient  division  of 
Roman  Britain:  formed,  11,  6 

Ichijo,  Emperor  of  Japan,  987-1012  A. 
D.:  reign  of,  7,  43 

Ichinotani,  Japan:  battle  of  (ca.  1183), 
7,  62 

Ichnae,  Arabia:  battle  of  (54  B.  C), 
3,  323 

Icilian  Law,  a  Roman  law  of  492  B. 
C,  granting  the  people  the  right  to 
hold  assemblies:  passed,  3,  41 

Iconium,  Turkey:  taken  by  crusaders, 
18,  155;  battle  of  (1387),  14,  3i 

Iconoclasts,  The,  opponents  of  image 
worship:  supported  by  Leo  the 
Isaurian,  2,  534;  sketch  of,  13,  94 

Ictinus  (ca.  450  B.  C),  a  Greek  archi- 
tect: designs  the  Parthenon,  2,  255 

Ida  (d.  559  A.  D.),  King  of  Bernicia, 
547-559  A.  D.:  11,  25 

Idaho,  one  of  the  Western  States  of 
the  United  States:  admitted  to  the 
Union,  24,  986;  Presidential  election 
of  1892,  993;  Presidential  election  of 
1900,  1040 


342 


GENERAL    INDEX 


343 


Idatius  (ca.  4th  century  A.  D.), 
Spanish  courtier:  persecutes  Pricil- 
lianists,  8,  31 

Idrieus,  King  of  Karia,  ca.  350  B.  C, 
reduces  Cyprus,  I,  168 

Idris  (ca.  1512),  Turkish  historian: 
favored  by  Selim  I,  14,  119 

Iermak:  see  Yermak 

Ierne:  see  Ireland 

Iglesias,  Jose  (19th  century),  a  Mexi- 
can statesman:  claims  presidency  of 
Mexico,  22,  407 

Iglesias,  Miguel  (b.  1822),  South 
American  statesman:  made  presi- 
dent of  Peru,  21,  242 

Ignacio  Elizondo  (ca.  1810),  a  Mexi- 
can statesman:  treachery  of,  22,  240 

Ignatiev  (d.  1721),  Russian  nobleman: 
death  of,  15,  76 

Ignatiev  Rikolai  Pavlovitch  (b.  1832), 
a  Russian  diplomat;  influence  of, 
14,  474;  his  negotiations  with  the 
Porte,  17,  419 

Ignatius,  Saint  (d.  ca.  no  A.  D.), 
bishop   of  Antioch:   martyrdom  of, 

4,  91 

Iguala,  Plan  of,  a  plan  of  government 

formulated  by  the  Mexican  soldier, 

Iturbide   (1821),  22,  252 
Iguazu,    Falls    of,    in    central    South 

America:  description  of,  21,  314 
Ii     Naosuke     (Kamon-no-Kami)      (d. 

i860):  a  Japanese  statesman:  made 

tairo,  7,  158;  assassination  of,  161 
Ilbert,  Sir  Courtenay  Peregrine  (1841 

),     British     official     in     India: 

sketch  of,  5>  262 
Ilbert  Act,  an  act  for  the  promotion 

of  self-government  in  India  (1884), 

5,  261 

Iliad,  The,  a  famous  Greek  epic  poem 
written  by  Homer:  description  of, 
2,  29 

Ilipu  (Elepoo)  (19th  century),  Chinese 
official:  commissioned  to  provide  for 
the  defense  of  Hangchow  (1842),  6, 

139 
Ilium  (Troy),  Asia:  Alexander  at,  2, 

488 
Illam,  King  of  Leinster   (5th  century 

A.  D.):  conversion  of,  12,  30 
Illinois,    one    of    the    United    States, 


means  "  a  tribe  of  men  "  or  "  Man- 
ly "  and  is  called  the  Prairie  State 
and  the  Sucker  State:  Connecticut 
gives  up  claim  to,  23,  317;  admitted, 
442;  free  state,  452;  impetus  to  de- 
velopment, 480;  not  represented  in 
several  Democratic  national  con- 
ventions, 509;  abolition  riot  at  Al- 
ton, 24,  575;  immigration  of  free 
negroes  forbidden,  588;  election  of 
1854,  645;  of  1856,  656;  of  1892,  992; 
Lincoln-Douglas  debates,  664;  legis- 
lature opposes  national  government 
(1862),  818;  Chicago  fire  (1872), 
902;  Blaine's  campaign  speeches 
(1884),  947;  Mormons  enter,  982 

Illinois  Indians,  a  tribe  of  American 
Indians:  belong  to  Algonquian 
stock,  23,  8 

Illumines,  The,  secret  society  in 
France:  Ku-Klux-Klan  compared 
to,  24,  871 

Illyricans,  ancient  tribe  on  shores  of 
Adriatic:  sketch  of,  17,  n 

Illyrism,  the  attempt  to  unite  the  vari- 
ous Illyrian  peoples:  rise  of,  17,  343 

Iloilo,  Philippine  Islands:  occupied  by 
Americans   (1899),  20,  317 

Ilubidi  (Ya'ubidi)  of  Hamath  (8th 
century  B.  C.) :  revolts  against  As- 
syria, 1,  84 

Ilyin  (ca.  1770),  Russian  naval  com- 
mander: at  the  battle  of  Tchesme, 

15,  179 

Imad  Shahi  Dynasty,  one  of  the  in- 
dependent Mohammedan  king- 
doms: founded   (1484),  5,   106 

Imagawa  Yoshimoto  (ca.  1650),  Japa- 
nese chieftain:  invades  Owari,  7, 
no 

Imbercourt  (d.  1477),  Burgundian  no- 
ble: death  of,  13,  48 

Imgrund,  Heinrich  (d.  1478),  gov- 
ernor of  Entlebuch,  Switzerland: 
sketch  of,  13,  411 

Immeroad,  Denmark:  battle  of  (1421), 

16,  126 

Immigration  and  Naturalization,  Fed- 
eral Bureau  of,  in  the  United 
States:  created,  24,  1083 

Impeachment,  the  exhibition  of 
charges         of         maladministration 


344> 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


against  a  high  public  officer  before 
a  competent  tribunal:  first  use  of 
the  right,  II,  172 

"  Impending  Crisis,"  book  published 
in  i860  in  United  States:  indigna- 
tion caused  by,  in  South,  24,  677 

Imperial  British  East  Africa  Com- 
pany: see  British  East  Africa  Com- 
pany, Imperial 

Imperial  University,  China:  reorgan- 
ized, 6,  291 

Imperialism,  in  United  States  history, 
the  name  given  by  the  Democratic 
party  to  the  policy  of  the  Republi- 
can- government  in  regard  to  status 
of  Porto  Rico  and  the  Philippines: 
in  the  Presidential  campaign  of 
1904,  24,  1068,  1070 

Impey,  Sir  Elijah  (1732-1809),  noted 
English  jurist:  chief-justice  of  In- 
dia, 5,  190 

Implied  Powers,  Doctrine  of,  in  United 
States:  authority  for,  23,  331;  ad- 
vocated by  Hamilton,  351 

Impressment  of  American  Seamen: 
practiced  by  England,  23,  361,  408; 
ignored  in  treaty  of  Ghent,  429 

Inaros  (Inarus)  (d.  455  B.  C),  King 
of  Libya:  leader  in  Egyptian  re- 
volt, 1,  32,  2,  246 

Inayatulla  Khan,  son  of  the  emir  of 
the  Punjab:  visits  Calcutta  (1905), 
5,  295 

Incas,  the  reigning  order  in  Peru 
(13th  to  16th  century) :  description 
of,  20,  45;  civilization  of,  23,  7;  de- 
stroy the  records  of  their  civiliza- 
tion, 21,  21 

Inchiquin,  Morrogh  O'Brien,  Baron 
(1618-1674),  Irish  soldier:  at  battle 
of  Knocknanuss,  12,  122 

Incorruptible,  The:  see  Robespierre, 
Maximilien  Marie  Isidore 

Indemnity,  Acts  of,  acts  passed  by 
English  Parliament:  (1662),  12,  345; 

(1747),  369 

Indented  Servants:  see  Servants,  In- 
dented 

Independence:  see  Liberty 

Independence,  Declaration  of:  see 
Declaration  of  Independence 

Independence  Bay,  Greenland:  discov- 
ered, 16,  296,  320 


Independence  Hall,  Philadelphia:  con- 
stitutional convention  meets  at,  23, 
323;    Lincoln's  body  rests  in,  827 

Independent  Party  or  Mugwumps,  po- 
litical party  in  United  States:  sup- 
port Cleveland   (1884),  24,  946 

Independents,  The,  English  political 
party:  rise  of,  1 1,  349 

India,  southern  Asia:  expedition  of 
Darius  to,  2,  131,  6,  13;  Alexander 
in,  2,  501;  Turkish  conquests  in,  14, 
164;  Denmark  sends  missionaries  to, 
16,  237;  Europe's  trade  with,  20,  11; 
Portuguese  in,  39;  work  of  the  Jesu- 
its in,  97;   British   conquest  of,   144 

India,  History  of:  the  country,  5,  3; 
the  people,  20;  the  non-Aryans,  25; 
the  Aryans,  36;  Buddhism,  56;  the 
Greeks  in  India,  67;  the  Scythic  in- 
roads, 72;  growth  of  Hinduism,  75; 
early  Mohammedan  conquerors,  88; 
the  Mogul  dynasty,  109;  the  Ma- 
rathas,  130;  early  European  settle- 
ments, 138;  growth  of  British  pow- 
er, 178;  the  consolidation  of  British 
India,  204;  the  Sepoy  Mutiny,  232; 
under  the  British  crown,  242 

India  Company,  Dutch:  see  East  India 
Company,  Dutch 

Indian  Affairs,  Bureau  of,  United 
States:  scandals  in,  24,  895 

Indian  Civil  Service  Act,  a  law  regu- 
lating the  civil  service  in  British  In- 
dia: passed   (1861),  5,  241 

Indian  Councils  Acts,  acts  relating  to 
the  governor-general  of  India's 
council,  (1861):  5,  240;  (1892),  271 

Indian  High  Courts  Act,  an  act  relat- 
ing to  the  establishment  of  law 
courts  in  India:  passed  (1861),  5, 
241 

Indian  Mutiny:  see  Sepoy  Mutiny 

Indian  National  Congress,  a  congress 
designed  to  enlarge  the  usefulness 
of  the  natives  of  India  in  legislative 
work;  first  meeting  of,  5,  260;  sketch 
of,  270,  293 

Indian  Ocean:  Ptolemy's  theory  of, 
23,  23 

Indian  Springs,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty 
between  the  Creek  Indians  and  the 
United  States:  concluded,  23,  470; 
annulled,  470 


GENERAL    INDEX 


345 


Indian  Territory,  a  former  territory  in 
the  western  part  of  the  United 
States:  created,  23,  488;  Seminoles 
resist  removal  to,  507;  receives 
Seminoles,  515;  Oklahoma  separated 
from,  24,  985;  refu'sed  admission  as 
State,  1054;  joined  to  Oklahoma, 
1083 

Indiana,  one  of  the  United  States, 
called  the  Hoosier  State:  Con- 
necticut gives  up  claim  to,  23, 
317;  protests  against  Louisiana, 
399;  admitted,  442;  free  state,  452; 
impetus  to  development,  480;  elec- 
tion of  1854,  24,  645;  Presidential 
campaign  of  1856,  655;  boyhood 
home  of  Lincoln,  665;  condemns 
Buchanan's  Kansas  policy,  670;  leg- 
islation opposes  national  govern- 
ment (1862),  818;  question  of  negro 
suffrage,  858;  Presidential  election 
of  1868,  861;  Presidential  election  of 
1876,  910;  Presidential  election  of 
1880,  931;  Blaine's  campaign 
speeches  (1884),  947;  Presidential 
election  of  1884,  947;  Presidential 
election  of  1888,  966,  967;  Presiden- 
tial election  of  1892,  992 

Indianapolis,  capital  of  Indiana:  Lin- 
coln makes  speech  at,  24,  706;  popu- 
lar respect  to  Lincoln's  remains, 
827 

Indians,  the  original  inhabitants  of 
North  America:  theories  as  to  the 
origin  of,  23,  3;  physical  character- 
istics, 9;  religious  instincts  and  be- 
liefs, 9;  burial  customs,  10;  habita- 
tions, 10;  dress,  11;  food  and  pur- 
suits, n ;  languages  and  literature, 
12;  social  and  political  organization, 
12.;  status  of  the  women,  13;  indus- 
trial activity,  14;  slavery  among,  14; 
war-customs,  15;  games  and  recrea- 
tions, 16;  personal  characteristics, 
i7»  97,  174;  population,  17;  named 
by  Columbus,  31;  treatment  of,  by 
colonists,  20,  17;  introduction  of 
Christianity,  23,  44;  unfitted  for 
hard  labor,  44;  Catholicism  intro- 
duced by  French,  51;  friendly  with 
early  Virginians,  65;  laws  for  pro- 
tection in   Pennsylvania,    ill;  influ- 


ence  of   French   over,    174;   trouble 
with,   in    Northwest,   365,  416;    land 
claims  in  Georgia,  469 

Indians,  The  Apostle  of  the:  see  Eliot, 
John 

Indies,  Council  of  the:  organized,  22, 
98;  governs  Spanish-American  col- 
onies, 23,  43 

Indies,  The  Paradise  of  the:  see  Cey- 
lon 

Indigo  Industry:  in  South  Carolina, 
23,  137 

Indo-China,  southeastern  Asia:  French 
rule  in,  20,  272 

Indolent  Dick:  see  Cromwell,  Richard 

Induff  (10th  century),  King  of  Scot- 
land; wins  Edinburgh  for  Scotland, 
12,  256 

Indulgences,  remission  of  the  tem- 
poral punishment  of  sins:  descrip- 
tion of,  18,  235 

Indus,  river  of  India:  description  of, 
5,  8 

Indutiomarus  (d.  54  B.  C),  Chief  of  the 
Treviri:  at  war  with  Rome,  9,  9 

Ine  (d.  729  A.  D.),  King  of  Wessex, 
688-726  A.  D.:  goes  on  a  pilgrimage 
to  Rome,  II,  39 

Ifies  de  Castro,  Dona  (d.  1355),  fa- 
vorite of  Pedro  of  Spain:  sketch  of, 
8,  286 

Infernal  Legion,  The,  a  band  of  South 
American  patriots:  description  of, 
21,  62 

Infidelity,  The  Apostle  of:  see  Vol- 
taire 

Ingago,  Africa:  battle  of  (1880),  20, 
230 

Ingavi,  Bolivia:  battle  of  (1841),  21, 
187 

Inge  Baardsen,  King  of  Norway, 
1205-1207:  reign  of,  16,  98 

Ingeborg  (1 176-1236),  Queen  of 
France:  Philip's  repudiation  of,  16, 
84 

Ingeborg  (14th  century),  Queen  of 
Sweden:  dowry  of,  16,  100 

Ingeborg  (14th  century),  Countess  of 
Mecklenburg:   marriage  of,   16,   118 

Ingegerd  (10th  century),  daughter  of 
Olaf  Skat-konung:  marriage  of,  16, 
59 


346 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Ingelram  von  Coucy,  Baron  (ca. 
I375)>  Austrian  noble:  invades  Swit- 
zerland, 13,  378 

Ingermannland,  Russia:  acquired  by 
Sweden,  15,  21;  passes  to  Russia,  65, 
68 

Ingersoll,  Jared  (19th  century), 
American  politician:  defeated  for 
Vice-President,  23,  434 

Ingersoll,  Robert  Green  (1833-1899), 
American  politician  and  lawyer: 
nominates  Blaine  for  President 
(1876),  23,  906 

Ingiomar  (1st  century  A.  D.),  uncle 
of  Hermann,  chief  of  the  Cherusci: 
joins  Marbod,   18,  21 

Ingjald  Illraada  (ca.  623  A.  D.),  King 
of  Sweden:  legend  of,  16,  36 

Ingoldstadt,  Bavaria:  resists  Gustavus 
Adolphus,    18,   282 

Ingolf  (ca.  874  A.  D.),  Norwegian 
refugee:  settles  in  Iceland,  16,  44 

Ingraham,  Duncan  Nathaniel  (1862- 
1891),  American  naval  officer:  de- 
mands Koszta's  release,  24,  640 

Ingria:  see  Ingermanland 

Ingunda  (6th  century  A.  D.),  Frank- 
ish  princess;  marries  Ermenigeld,  8, 

4i 

Inkerman,  Russia:  battle  of  (1854), 
called  the  Battle  of  the  British  Sol- 
dier and  the  Battle  of  the  Fifth  of 
November,  9,  447,   11,  616,  15,  316 

Inn,  tributary  of  the  Danube:  battle 
of  the  (913  A.  D.),  18,  104 

Innocent  I  (d.  417  A.  D.),  Pope,  402- 
417  A.  D.:  refuses  to  sanction  an- 
cient rites,  4,  140 

Innocent  II  (d.  1143),  Pope,  1130- 
1143:  confers  upon  Roger  Guiscard 
title  of  King  of  Sicily,  4,  186;  pon- 
tificate of,   18,   143 

Innocent  III  (Giovanni  Lothario 
Conti),  Pope  1198-1216:  born  at 
Anagni,  Italy,  1161;  was  educated  at 
Rome,  Paris,  and  Bologna;  became 
a  canon  of  St.  Peter's,  1181,  and  car- 
dinal deacon  of  St.  Sergius  and  St. 
Bacchus,  1 190;  was  made  Pope,  1198; 
compelled  Philip  Augustus  of 
France  to  restore  his  wife  to  her 
position  by  putting  the  country  un- 
der    an     interdict;     instigated     the 


fourth  crusade;  excommunicated 
and  dethroned  Otho,  Emperor  of 
Germany,  and  gave  the  throne  to 
Frederick  of  Sicily;  put  England 
under  an  interdict  because  King 
John  insisted  upon  his  right  to  ap- 
point the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
1207;  this  lasted  two  years,  and  then 
the  pope  deposed  John,  ordering 
Philip  Augustus  to  carry  out  the 
decree;  upon  this  event,  John  sub- 
mitted and  signed  a  treaty,  by 
which  England  and  Ireland  became 
fiefs  of  Rome,  and  an  annual  tribute 
was  paid  to  the  Pope;  he  inaugu- 
rated a  crusade  against  the  Al- 
bigenses  for  heresy;  died  at  Peru- 
gia, Italy,  July  16,  1216 

Pontificate  of,  4,  197;  forms  the 
Tuscan  union,  204;  demands  sepa- 
ration of  Alfonso  IX  of  Leon  and 
Berengaria  of  Castile,  8,  148;  op- 
poses the  choice  of  an  archbishop 
of  Canterbury  by  King  John,  11, 
123;  excommunicates  John  of  Eng- 
land, 9,  76,  11,  124;  supports  John's 
opposition  to  the  Barons,  II,  128; 
excommunicates  Louis  VIII  of 
France,  129;  intervenes  between 
Knud  and  Philip,  16,  84;  confirms 
the  royal  title  to  the  princes  of 
Bohemia,  17,  68;  policy  of,  18,  158; 
death  of,  160 

Innocent  IV  (d.  1254),  Pope,  1243-1254: 
his  contention  with  Frederick  II, 
4,  205;  deprives  Sancho  II  of  Por- 
tugal of  his  royal  powers,  8,  280; 
accession  and  character  of,  n,  135; 
offers  crown  of  Naples  and  Sicily 
to  Prince  Edmund  of  England,  136; 
excommunicates  Frederick  II  of 
Germany,  13,  359;  pontificate  of,  18, 
166 

Innocent  VI  (d.  1362),  Pope,  1352- 
1362:  sends  Rienzi  to  Rome,  18,  193 

Innocent  VIII  (1432-1492),  Pope, 
1484-1492:  receives  Prince  Djem, 
14,  in 

Innocent  X  (1572-1655),  Pope,  1644- 
1655:  condemns  the  Treaty  of  West- 
phalia,  18,  294 

Innocent  XI  (1611-1689),  Pope,  1676- 
1689:  his  struggle  with  Louis  XIV 


GENERAL    INDEX 


347 


of   France,    9,   213;    receives    Shere- 
metiev,    15,   36;    supports   John   So- 
bieski  against  the  Turks,   17,   184 
Innocent     XIII      (1655-1724),     Pope, 
1721-1724:  makes  Dubois  a  cardinal, 

9,  233 

Inns,  public  houses:  use  of,  in  Eng- 
land, 11,   178 

Innsbruck,  Austria:  taken  by  Hofer 
(1809),  17,  297,  18,  375 

Inouye  Kaoru  (19th  century),  Japa- 
nese minister  of  foreign  affairs:  at- 
tempts to  negotiate  treaties  with 
European  countries,  7,  190;  vice- 
ambassador  to  Korea,  194;  ambas- 
sador to   Korea,   196 

Inquisition,  system  of  ecclesiastical 
tribunals  for  cases  of  heresy:  in 
Germany,  18,  158,  163;  in  Nether- 
lands, 13,  59,  83;  in  Mexico,  22,  129; 
in  Portugal,  8,  439;  in  Spain,  8,  271, 
488,  13,  83  note 

Inscriptions: 

ARABIA:  cuneiform  annals  of  8th 
and  7th  centuries  B.  C,  1,  184;  of  a 
religious  character,  185;  giving 
names  of  kings,  186 
ASSYRIA:  historical  records,  I,  69, 
71;  early  ruler  (1820  B.  C),  78;  on 
bricks  and  metals,  106 
BABYLONIA:  accurate  table  of 
dynasties,  1,  72 

CRETE:  unintelligible  to  modern 
scholars,  2,  22 

EGYPT:  of  Thothmes  I  (1600  B. 
C.)»  *>  8;  giving  dates  of  dynasties, 
11,  13,  14,  17;  letters  in  the  Baby- 
lonian language,  24;  Thebes  has 
only  Egyptian  reference  to  the  Is- 
raelites, 27;  in  the  temple  of  Aby- 
dos,  the  names  of  the  family  of 
Ramses  II,  27;  the  Rosetta  stone,  1, 
56;  the  government  system  of 
Canaan,  379 

GREECE:  on  Etruscan  helmet,  2, 
219;  Athenian  memorial  pillar,  243 
INDIA:  Buddhism  propagated,  5, 
61 

JAPAN:  in  Chinese  style,  7,  14 
LYDIA:     showing     an     inflectional 
language,    1,    141;    Hittite    circular 
plate,   151 


MEXICO:  Aztec  Calendar  stone, 
22,  95 

PERSIA:  showing  Zoroastrian  re- 
ligion in  the  t^me  of  Darius,  1,  170; 
on  the  tomb  of  Cyrus,  179;  of  Ar- 
taxerxes,   5,   315 

PHOENICIA:  relating  only  to  re- 
ligious and  mortuary  affairs,  1,  135 
SCANDINAVIA:  runic  inscrip- 
tions, 16,  7,  9 

SPAIN:  traces  of  the  Phoenicians, 
8,  12 

SWITZERLAND:  an  official  Chris- 
tian inscription  found  at  Valais,  13, 

334 
Insurance,     Law     of,     a     compulsory 
workingmen's  insurance  in  Switzer- 
land: passed  (1899),  13,  573 
Insurrection  Act,  a  law  passed  by  the 

Irish  Parliament  (1796),  12,  207 
Insurrection    of  the    10th    of   August, 
a    revolt    of    the    French    populace 
against  the  government   (1792),  10, 
190 
Insurrections,  Popular: 
B.  C. 
!33>   I2S-     The  aristocrats  of  Rome 

oppose  the   Gracchan  reforms,  3, 

176,  179 
104.     The   slaves   revolt  throughout 

Italy,  3,  186 
91-87.     Italians   rise   against    Rome, 

3,  205 
72.     Of  the  slaves  in  Rome,  3,  262 
63-62.     Political    conspiracy   plotted 

by  Catilina,  3,  282 
53.     Gauls    under    Vercingetorix,   3, 

327 
52.     The    Roman    populace    at    the 

murder  of  Clodius,  3,  320 
48.     In  Alexandria,  3,  354 
A.  D. 
760.     Against      the      Mohammedan 

rule  in  Spain,  8,  69 
1038.     Of    Hungarian    peasants,    17, 

50 
1 125.     Of  Scotland,  12,  262 
1 173.     Uprising  against  Henry  II  of 

England,   11,    108 
1335-     Uprising  in  Ghent,  13,  33 
1347.     Uprising     of     Rome     under 

Rienzi,  4,  222 


348 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Insurrections,  cont. 

1360.     The   Jacquerie   in    France,   9, 
101,  11,  165 

1381.  Peasant    revolt    in    England, 
11,   174 

1382.  In  Paris,  9,  105 

1382.     In  Hungary  and  Croatia,  17, 

155 
1418.     Paris    rises    against    the    Ar- 

magnacs,  11,  199 
1440.     Agrarian     uprising     in     Den- 
mark, 16,  130 
1450.     Jack    Cade's     Rebellion,     11, 

210 
1489.     Swiss  peasants,  13,  415 
1505.     Hungarian  peasants,   17,    168 
1515.     Austrian  peasants,   17,    173 
1521.     Portugal    against    the    Jews, 

8,  336 
1525.     German  peasants,  13,  437 
1536.     In    England    against    Henry 

VIII    and    his    despoiling    of    the 

monasteries,  11,  257 
1549.     Uprising  in  England  against 

ecclesiastical  reforms,  11,  266 
1554.     Revolt   against   Henry   II   of 

France,  9,  145 
1554.     To    place    Elizabeth    on    the 

throne  of  England,  11,  270 
1566.     In  Netherlands  against  Span- 
ish rule,  13,  77,  102 
1576.     At  Antwerp,  13,  122 
1583.     In    Ireland    against    English 

authority,  II,  303 
1588.     In    Paris    against    the    Swiss 

troops,  9,  162 
1612.     Indians  in  Mexico,  22,  152 
1637.     Riot  in   Edinburgh,   12,   336 
1641.     Against  the  taxes  in   Berne, 

13,  469 
1661.     Independents  against  Charles 

II,  11,  382 
1666.     Scottish  peasants,  12,  347 
1700.     Madrid,    in    consequence    of 

scarcity  of  bread,  8,  385 
1703.     In   Constantinople,   14,  273 
1710.     Political     uprising     of     Per- 

nambuco,  20,  106 
1716.     Popular  disturbances  in  Brit- 
tany, 9,  230 
1730.     Riots    in     Canton    following 

earthquake  and  flood,  6,  82 


1734.  Servian  and  Hungarian  peas- 
ants, 17,  236 

1773-  Pugatchev's  rebellion  in  Rus- 
sia, 15,  166,  168 

1778.  Riots  in  Edinburgh  and  Glas- 
gow, 12,  370 

1780.     Riots  in  London,  11,  520 

1788.  In   the    Netherlands,    13,   261 

1789.  In  Paris,  9,  263,  10,  57,  60, 
66,  68,  93,  97 

1791.  In  Paris,  10,  142,  157 

1792.  In  Paris,  10,  180,  189 

1793.  In  the  departments  of 
France,  10,  249,  260,  268,  274 

1795-     Outburst  in  Paris,  9,  292,  10, 

336 
1795.     Insurrection  of  the  Vendeans, 

10,  350 

1795.     Riots  in  Dublin,  12,  205 
l79S-     The   Whiskey   Rebellion,   23, 
366 

1797.  Of  English  sailors,  11,  548 

1798.  Of  Ireland,  12,  209 
1804.     Riot  in  Dublin,  12,  217 
1809.     In  Spain,  against   France,  9, 

337 
1809.     Of     Tyrolian     peasants,     17, 

296 
1816.     Riots  of  the  poor  in  England, 

«,  570 
1821.     In     Crete,     against     Turkish 

rule,  14,  466 
1825.     In  Russia,  15,  272 
1830.     In  Paris,  9,  390 
1830.     In  Italy,  9,  397 
1830.     Of    Belgians    against    Dutch 

rule,  13,  296 

1830.  In  Poland,  15,  293 

1831.  Of  Italians  against  Austrian 
power,  17,  327 

1834.     In  France,  9,  405 
1839.     Riot    at    Birmingham,    Eng- 
land, 11,  600 
1839.     India,    against    British    rule, 

11,  618 

1846.  Galician    peasants,     15,    299, 

300 

1846.  Polish  uprising  against  Aus- 

trians,  17,  347 

1848.  Of  Ireland,  12,  230 

1848.  Uprisings   in   Stockholm,   16, 

277 


GENERAL    INDEX 


349 


1851.     In  Paris,  9,  441 

1854.     Madrid,  as  a  result  of  Carlist 

intrigues,  8,  504 
1861.     Riot  in  Baltimore,  24,  715 
1863.     In  Poland,  15,  324,  326,  329, 

17,  389 

1868.     In  Japan  in  opposition  to  the 

social  revolution,  7,  177 
1870.     In  Paris,  9,  469 
1875.     Slavs    against    Turkish    rule, 

17,  419 

1877.     Railroad    riots    in    Pittsburg, 

24,  918 
1877.     Labor  riots  in  Pennsylvania, 

24,  919 
1877.     Riot  against  Chinese  in  Los 

Angeles,  24,  920 
1886.     Anarchist    riots    in    Chicago, 

24,  961 
1889.     Of    Christians    in    Crete,    14, 

502 
1891.     Chinese  mobs  attack  mission- 
aries, 6,  262 
1894.     Strike    riots   in    Chicago,    24, 

1002 
1899.     Boxer   rebellion  in   China,   6, 

280,  24,   1047 

1902.  Coal  strikes  in  Pennsylvania, 
24,  1051 

1903.  In  Bulgaria,  14,  507 
1905.     In  St.  Petersburg,  15,  365 

Intercolonial  Railway,  a  railway  of 
Canada:  built,  20,  176 

Intercursus  Magnus,  a  treaty  between 
Henry  VII  of  England  and  Arch- 
duke Philip  of  the  Netherlands 
(1496),  11,  228 

Interdict,  The,  a  Papal  interdict  pro- 
hibiting all  priestly  offices:  descrip- 
tion of,  11,  123,  18,   188 

Interior,  Department  of  the,  one  of 
the  departments  of  the  United 
States  government:  scandals  of,  24, 
895 

International  African  Association,  an 
international  commission  for  the 
purpose  of  exploration  in  central 
Africa:  founded,  19,  62 

International  Conference,  Third,  a 
conference  of  American  Republics 
at  Rio  de  Janeiro  (July  23,  1906) : 
programme  of,  21,  277;  account  of, 
280 


International  Cotton  Exposition:  held 
at  Atlanta  (1881),  24,  940 

International  Financial  Commission, 
established  at  Athens  to  control  the 
financial  affairs  of  Greece:  estab- 
lished by  the  powers,  2,  548 

International  Geographical  Congress: 
a  congress  which  met  in  Hamburg 
in  1879  for  the  discussion  of  polar 
questions,   16,   318 

International  Peace  Conference,  a 
conference  of  the  states  of  the  civi- 
lized world  in  the  interests  of  inter- 
national peace  (1809):  13,  318 

International  Railway  Bureau,  an  or- 
ganization of  ten  states  of  Central 
Europe  to  deal  with  freight  traffic: 
established,  13,  591 

Interstate  Commerce  Commission  in 
the  United  States,  a  committee  of 
five  to  examine  into  interstate  rail- 
way commerce:  provided  for,  24, 
957;  in  Democratic  platform  (1904), 
1065;   in  relation   to   railroads,    1075 

Interstate  Commerce  Law,  designed 
to  bring  railways  of  the  United 
States  under  Federal  supervision: 
enacted,  24,  917,  956;  amendment 
to,  1050 

Intolerable  Acts,  acts  passed  by  the 
British  Parliament  against  the 
American  colonies  (1773-1774),  23, 
220 

Intolerance:  in  religious  worship  of 
New  England,  23,  147;  in  the  south- 
ern colonies,  149 

Invasions,  Barbarian: 
B.  C. 
18th  century.     Egypt  by  the  Hyksos, 

1,  21 
1750.     Babylonia    by    the    Cassites, 

I,  77 

nth  century.     Central  Greece,  by  the 

Dorians,  2,  46 
nth  century.     Of  northern  Greece, 

by  the  Thessalians,  2,  46 
1000.     Spain,  by  the  Celts,  8,  3 
ca.  600.     Latium  by  the   Etruscans, 

3,  23 
480.     Greece,    by    the    Persians,    2, 

182 
ca.  425.     Northern  Italy  overrun  by 

the  Celts,  3,  58 


350 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Invasions,  cont. 
278.     Macedonia    by    the    Celts,    3, 

137,  9,  5 

236.  Northern  Italy  by  the  Teu- 
tons, 3,  193,  9,  5 

2nd  century.  Scandinavia  by  the 
Goths,  16,  6 

113.  Italy  by  the  Cimbrians  and 
Teutons,  18,  4 

100.     India  by  the  Scythians,  5,   72 

79.     Gaul  by  the  Germans,  3,  301 

A.  D. 

2nd  century.  Middle  Europe  by  the 
Goths,  17,  14 

272.     Italy  by  the  Alemanni,  4,  107 

360.     Greece  by  the  Goths,  2,  529 

376.     Germany  by  the  Huns,  2,  529, 

17,  16 

378.     The    Roman    Empire    by    the 

Goths,   4,    133 
396.     Italy  by  the  Visigoths,  4,  138 
406.     Italy  by  the  Vandals,  4,  138 
412.     Spain    by    the    Visigoths,    18, 

37 
450.     Britain  by  the  Jutes,  II,  17 

450.  Britain  by  the  Saxons,  II,  18, 

18,  39 

451.  Gaul  by  the  Huns,  2,  530,  4, 
148,  18,  40 

452.  Italy  by  the  Huns,  2,  530,  4, 
148 

455.     Italy  by   the  Vandals,  4,   149, 

18,  38,  43 
493.     Italy    by    the    Ostrogoths,    4, 

157,  17,  16 
ca.  500.     Spain  by  the  Vandals  and 

other  barbarians,  8,  35 
550.     Germany  by  the  Avars,  18,  61 
568.     Italy  by  the  Lombards,  4,  163, 

18,  Si 
6th    century.     Italy    by    the    Goths, 

18,  50 
7th  century.     Egypt  by  the  Arabs,  I, 

6 
752.     France  by  the  Saxons,  18,  76 
9th  century.     Britain  by  the  Danes, 

2,  535,11,  42 
900.     China  by  the  Tartars,  6,  16 
935.     Germany  by  the    Hungarians, 

9,  55 
121 1.     China  by  the  Mongolians,  6, 

17 


1230.     Moravia  by  the  Mongols,  17, 

70 
1250.     Europe  by  the  Turks,  14,  5, 

10 
1280.     Japan  by  the  Mongolians,  7, 

74 
13th    century.     Russia   by   the    Tar- 
tars, 14,  4 
1526.     India  by  the  Moguls,  5,  109 
Inventions: 

Alembic,  1,  349 

Astronomical  instruments  by  Tycho 

in  Denmark,   16,   198 
Automobile,  in  France,  9,  490 
Bronze,  by  the  Phoenicians,  1,  135 
Cannon,  4,  255 
Carillon,  13,  63 
Chronometer,  by  John  Harrison  in 

England,  20,   123 
Coined    money     (ca.     1500    B.     C), 

credited     to     Lydia,     1,     153;     in 

China,  by  Hwangti,  6,  5 
Cymbals  and  tamborines,  1,   149 
Daguerreotype,  24,   1097 
Dynamite,  24,  1097 
Electric  light,  24,   1099 
Electric  railway,  24,    1099 
Fire-ships,  13,  148 
Gatling  gun,  24,  1099 
Glass,  I,  133 
Greek  fire,  1,  333 
Guns,  4,  256 
Lace  (ca.  1500),  in  the  Netherlands. 

13,  63 
Locomotive,   11,   590 
Mobile  field  artillery,  9,  490 
Painting  in  oil,  13,  63 
Painting  on  glass,  13,  63 
Phonograph,  24,   1099 
Platform  scales,  24,  1097 
Polishing   diamonds,    13,  63 
Porcelain,  1,  51 
Printing,   11,  232,   18,   178,  220 
Revolver,  24,   1097 
Sewing-machine,  24,  1097 
Shuttle,  11,  533 
Spinning-jenny,  11,  533 
Steam-boat,  11,  589,  590,  23,  401 
Steam-engine,  11,  534 
Submarine  boat,  9,  490 
Suspension  bridge,  6,  12 
Tapestry,  13,  63 


GENERAL    INDEX 


351 


Telegraph,  24,   1097 
Telephone,  24,  1099 
Telescope,  4,  321 
Typewriter,  24,  1099 

Inverary,  Scotland:  battle  of  (1314), 
12,  278 

Investiture,  The  Right  of,  the  power  to 
confer  the  dignities  and  possessions 
of  ecclesiastical  offices  on  vassals 
claimed  by  the  Popes  and  by  the 
temporal  rulers  of  the  Middle  Ages: 
Gregory  VII  promulgates  a  law 
against  simony  (1075),  18,  134;  the 
War  of  Investitures,  9,  69,  16,  74, 
18,  136;  quarrel  between  Henry  I 
of  England  and  Anselm,  11,  89;  the 
Concordat  of  Worms  (1122),  18, 
141 

Invincible,  The:  see  Medici,  Cosmo 
de';  also  Suvarov,  Count  Alexander 

Invincible  Armada,  The:  see  Armada, 
The  Invincible 

Invisible  Commander,  The:  see  Rag- 
lan, Fitzroy  James  Henry,  Baron 

Iolanthe  (ca.  1226),  daughter  of  Guy 
of  Lusignan:  wife  of  Frederick  II 
of  Germany,   18,   161 

Ion,  mythical  ancestor  of  the  Ionians: 
legend  of,  2,  24;  significance  of 
legends  concerning,  26 

Ionia,  Asia  Minor:  conquered  by  Per- 
sia, 2,  125;  revolt  of,  134;  freed  by 
the  Athenians,  212;  submits  to 
Alexander,  489 

Ionian  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  be- 
longing to  Ionia:  returned  to 
Greece,  2,  546;  guardianship  of,  14, 
384 

Ionians,  the  inhabitants  of  Ionia:  in 
relation  to  Pelasgians,  2,  23;  colo- 
nize Asia  Minor,  31,  54;  expelled  by 
Achaians,  48 

Ionic  Revolt,  The,  revolt  of  the 
Ionians  against  Persia  (501  B.  C), 
1,  166 

Iowa,  one  of  the  Northwestern  States 
of  the  United  States:  affected  by 
Missouri  Compromise,  23,  456;  elec- 
tion of  1854,  24,  645;  condemns  Bu- 
chanan's Kansas  policy,  670 

Iphicrates  (early  4th  century  B. 
C.)»  an  Athenian  general:  at  Cor- 
inth,  2,  402;   relieves   Corcyra,  431; 


in  Peloponnesus,  442;  in  the  Social 
war,  454 

Ipsilanti,  Alexander:  see  Ypsilanti, 
Alexander 

Ipsilanti,  Constantine  (d.  1816), 
Greek  statesman:  deposed  as  hospo- 
dar,  14,  396 

Ipswich,  England:  Wolsey  founds  col- 
lege at,   11,  244 

Iquique,  Chili:  taken  by  the  Congres- 
sionalists  (1891),  21,  239;  block- 
aded, 235 

Irala,  Domingo  Martinez  de  (1487- 
I5S7)»  a  Spanish  soldier:  explores 
the  Parana,  21,  25;  his  government 
of  the  La  Plata  provinces,  42 

Ireland  (Hibernia,  Ibernia,  Ivernia  or 
Ierne),  called  the  Isle  of  Saints: 
invasion  of  Henry  II  of  England, 
11,  107;  conditions  in,  under  Mary 
and  Elizabeth,  290;  conquest  of,  by 
Elizabeth,  304;  union  with  Great 
Britain    (1800),  545 

Ireland,  Duke  of:  see  Oxford,  Robert 
de  Vere,  Earl  of 

Ireland,  History  of:  the  country  in 
olden  times,  12,  3;  literature,  arts, 
and  buildings,  6;  daily  life  and  re- 
ligion, 12;  the  legends,  23;  St.  Pat- 
rick, 27;  progress  of  religion  and 
learning,  31;  the  Irish  kings,  38;  the 
Anglo-Normans,  46;  Anglo-Irish 
lords,  52;  Bruce's  invasion  and  in- 
ternal strife,  59;  decline  of  English 
rule,  67;  accession  of  Henry  VII 
—  Poyning's  Law,  72;  the  Geral- 
dines,  76;  renewal  of  strife,  82;  two 
rebellions,  87;  the  rebellion  of  Hugh 
O'Neill,  94;  the  flight  of  the  earls 
and  the  death  of  O'Neill,  100;  con- 
fiscation of  land,  108;  the  Rebellion 
of  1641,  114;  from  Kilkenny  to  Ben- 
burb,  118;  the  Commonwealth,  124; 
Ireland  after  the  Restoration,  129; 
the  siege  of  Derry,  134;  the  battle 
of  the  Boyne,  141;  the  siege  of  Lim- 
erick,- 144;  Athlone  and  Aughrim, 
150;  second  siege  and  Treaty  of 
Limerick,  153;  the  Penal  Laws,  157; 
trade  repression,  165;  parliamentary 
struggle,  169;  discontent  and  dan- 
ger, 174;  the  Volunteers,  180;  legis- 
lative     independence,      185;      Grat- 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


tan's  parliament,  190;  revival  of  se- 
cret societies,  195;  Catholic  eman- 
cipation (1792-1795),  199;  riot  and 
Tone's  invasion,  205;  the  Rebellion 
of  1798,  209;  the  Union,  215;  Cath- 
olic emancipation  (1803-1829),  219; 
aftermath  of  emancipation,  224;  the 
Young  Ireland  movement,  228; 
Home  Rule,  234 

Ireland  of  Austria,  The:  see  Hun- 
gary 

Irenaeus,  Saint  (2nd  century  A. 
D.),  Bishop  of  Lyons:  builds  up  the 
church  at  Lyons,  9,  12 

Irene  (752-803  A.  D.),  Byzantine  Em- 
press: concludes  a  peace  with  the 
Saracens,  1,  350 

Ireton,  Henry  (1611-1651),  English 
Parliamentary  general:  at  battle  of 
Naseby,  II,  353;  draws  up  "The 
Heads  of  the  Proposals,"  358;  his 
campaigns  in  Ireland,   12,   125 

Irish,  The  Apostle  of  the:  see  Patrick, 
Saint 

Irish  Land  Acts,  acts  compensating 
tenants  for  improvements  (1870), 
11,  625 

Irish  Liberator,  The:  see  O'Connell, 
Daniel 

Irkhulina  (9th  century  B.  C),  ruler 
of  Hamath,  Syria:  opposes  Shal- 
maneser,  1,  80 

Irmingarde  (d.  816  A.  D.),  wife  of 
Lewis  the  Pious:  death  of,  18,  90 

Irminpillar,  The,  monument  commem- 
orating defeat  of  Varus;  destruc- 
tion of,  18,  80 

Iron  Calvinist  of  Rosny,  The:  see 
Sully,  Maximilien  de  Bethune,  Duke 
of 

Iron  Chancellor,  The:  see  Bismarck, 
Otto  Eduard  Leopold,   Prince  von 

Iron  Crown  of  Lombardy,  The,  the 
crown  used  in  coronation  of  all 
kings  of  Lombardy:  story  of,  4, 
167 

Iron  Duke,  The:  see  Wellington,  Ar- 
thur Wellesley,  Duke  of 

Iron  Emperor,  The:  see  Nicholas  I, 
Emperor  of  Russia 

Iron  Gates,  The,  Hungary:  battles  of 
(1366),  17,  152;  (1442),  157 


Iron  Industry:  begins  in  Pennsylva- 
nia, 23,  136 

Ironside:  see  Edmund  II,  King  of  the 
West  Saxons 

Iroquoian  Indians,  tribe  of  North 
American  Indians,  called  the  Five 
Nations:  independent  of  other  fam- 
ilies, 23,  7;  location,  8;  their  long 
houses,  10;  rights  of  their  women, 
13;  defeated  by  Champlain,  50; 
friendly  feeling  toward  English,  50; 
attack  Schenectady,  158;  become 
subjects  of  Great  Britain,  162;  aid 
colonists  in  French  and  Indian  War, 
163;  in  Treaty  of  Utrecht,  168;  hos- 
tility to  Algonquins,  175 

Irving,  Washington  (1783-1859), 
American  historian  and  novelist:  in 
American  literature,  23,  481 

Isabel,  one  of  Bahama  Islands:  dis- 
covered  and   named,   21,   6 

Isabel  (1566-1633),  Infanta  of  Spain: 
marries  Albert  of  Austria,  8,  363, 
13,  164;  death  of,  13,  211 

Isabel  Farnese  (1692-1766),  Queen  of 
Spain:  marries  Philip  V  of  Spain 
(1715),  8,  404;  influence  of,  over 
Philip,  405 

Isabella:  see  San  Domingo 

Isabella  (ca.  1520),  Queen  of  Den- 
mark: introduces  Flemish  garden- 
ers, 16,  190 

Isabella  (I)  the  Catholic,  Queen  of 
Castile,  1474-1504:  daughter  of  John 
II,  King  of  Castile;  born  at  Mad- 
rigal, 1451;  recognized  by  her 
brother  Henry  IV  as  his  heir;  mar- 
ried Ferdinand  of  Aragon,  1469;  be- 
came Queen  of  Castile  and  Leon, 
1474;  under  her  favor,  Columbus 
discovered  America;  died  at  Me- 
dina del   Campo,   1504 

Marries  Ferdinand,  8,  182;  acces- 
sion to  throne  of  Castile,  183;  reign 
of,  185;  at  war  with  the  Moors,  8, 
120,  23,  29;  at  the  siege  of  Malaga, 
8,  123;  appoints  the  Spanish  In- 
quisition, 13,  83  note;  patronizes 
Columbus,  20,  36,  23,  29;  death  of, 
8,  188 

Isabella  (II)  Louisa  (1830-1904), 
Queen    of    Spain,    1833-1868;    birth 


GENERAL    INDEX 


353 


of,  8,  496;  reign  of,  497;  driven  from 
her  throne,  9,  461 

Isabella  (1214-1241),  sister  of  Henry 
III  of  England:  marries  Frederick 
II   of  Germany,  18,  163 

Isabella  of  Castile  (ca.  1500),  daughter 
of  Ferdinand  V:  marries  Alfonso 
of  Portugal,  8,  312;  marries  Manuel 
of  Portugal,  324,  325 

Isabella  of  France  (1292-1358),  Queen 
of  Edward  II  of  England:  charac- 
ter of,  9,  89;  marries  Edward  II  of 
England,  II,  152;  conspires  against 
Edward,  154 

Isabella  of  France  (1389-1409):  mar- 
ries Richard  II  of  England,  II,  183 

Isabella  of  Portugal,  sister  of  Joam 
III:  marries  Charles  V  (1525),  8, 
35o 

Isabella  Maria  (19th  century),  daugh- 
ter of  Joam  VI  of  Portugal:  regent 
of  Portugal,  8,  535 

Isabelle  de  Bourbon  (1602-1644), 
Queen  of  Spain:  marries  the  Prince 
of  the  Asturias,  8,  375 

Isabelle  of  Bavaria  (1371-1405),  Queen 
of  France:  character  of,  9,  109; 
made  regent  of  France,  112 

Isabelle  of  France  (ca.  1250),  daugh- 
ter of  St.  Louis:  marries  Thibault 
II  of  Navarre,  8,  206 

Isagoras  (ca.  510  B.  C),  Athenian 
politician,  2,  140,  151 

Isakcha,  Turkey:  battle  of  (1853),  15, 

305 
Isandlana,    South    Africa:    battle    of 

(1879),  20,  229 
Isaura,  Asia   Minor:  captured  by  the 

Romans,  3,  260 
Isebrand    Wolf     (ca.     1500),    Danish 

rebel:    leads    the    Ditmarshers,    16, 

139 

Iselin,  Isaak  (ca.  1750),  Swiss  philan- 
thropist: sketch  of,  13,  490,  492 

Ish-bosheth  (ca.  1000  B.  C.),  son  of 
Saul:    claims    throne    of    Israel,    I, 

384 

Ishida  Mitsunari  (ca.  1592),  Japanese 
soldier:  his  campaign  against  Ko- 
rea, 7,  it6 

Isidorian  Decretals,  forged  documents 
purporting  to  be  decretals  of  early 


Church   Councils:  discovery  of,   18, 
99 

Iskanderbeg:  see  Scanderbeg 

Iskra  (d.  1708),  Russian  conspirator: 
death  of,  15,  47 

Iskunka  (ca.  500  B  G),  chief  of  the 
Sakians:  war  with  Darius,  1,  165 

Islam  Ghirai  (ca.  1640),  Khan  of  Cri- 
mea: account  of,  14,  230 

Islam  Shah  (ca.  1550),  governor  of 
Bengal:  accession  of,  5,   no 

Island  Number  Ten,  an  island  in  the 
Mississippi  River:  Federals  cap- 
ture (1862),  24,  749;  Pope  distin- 
guished by  victory  at,  762 

Islay,  Earl  of  (ca.  1720),  a  Scottish 
soldier:  quells  disorders  in  Edin- 
burgh, 12,  365 

Isle  of  Saints,  The:  see  Ireland 

Isly,  a  small  river  in  eastern  Mo- 
rocco: battle  of  the   (1844),  9,  423 

Ismail,  capital  of  district  of  Ismail, 
Russia:  siege  of  (1790),  14,  359,  15, 
185 

Ismail  (d.  1536),  Shah  of  Persia: 
reign  of,  5,  341;  aids  Korkud  and 
Ahmed,  14,  115,  120;  founder  of 
Safawi  dynasty,  122;  at  war  with 
Turkey,  123,  147;  restorer  and  legis- 
lator of  Persia,  145 

Ismail  Ali  (1830-1895),  Khedive  of 
Egypt,  1863-1879:  reign  of,  1,  39, 
19,  267;  opens  Suez  Canal,  14,  469; 
extravagance   of,   496;    deposed,  496 

Ismail  ben  Yussef  (ca.  1342),  brother 
of  Mohammed  V  of  Granada:  revolt 
of,  8,  116 

Ismail  ibn  Ahmad  (ca.  874  A.  D.), 
Mohammedan  kalif:  founds  Sa- 
manid  dynasty,  5,  328 

Ismenias  (4th  century  B.  C),  a 
Greek  statesman:  warlike  policy  of, 
2,  397;  executed  by  the  Spartans, 
422 

Isnard,  Maximin  (1751-1830),  a  French 
republican:  leads  Girondist  party, 
9,  272;  opposes  Napoleon,  319;  his 
speech  on  the  question  of  a  declara- 
tion of  the  king,  10,  162;  his  reply 
to  the  deputies  of  the  agitation  of 
May,  1793,  256;  resigns  the  chair, 
257 


354. 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Ispahan,  Persia:  growth  of,  5,  344; 
siege  of  (1717),  349,  *5,  78 

Israel,  History  of:  the  kingdom  of 
Israel,  1,  373;  the  kingdom  of  Ju- 
dah,  395;  a  scattered  nation,  414; 
influence  of  the  Hebrews,  20,  8 

Issos  (Issus),  Persia:  battle  of  (333  B. 
C),  1,  168,  2,  492 

Isted,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1850),  16, 
272 

Istria,  Austria-Hungary:  part  of, 
united  with  Hungary  and  Bohemia, 
17,  4;  Italian  element  in,  8;  becomes 
Roman  province,  II ;  under  Napo- 
leon, 300 

Istuvegu:  see  Astyages 

Itagaki  Taisuke  (19th  century), 
Japanese  statesman:  counsels  war 
with  Korea,  7,  178;  reforms  of,  182; 
leads  Liberal  Party,  214;  made  home 
minister,  220 

Itajuba,  Count  d'  (19th  century),  a 
Brazilian  statesman:  in  Geneva  com- 
mission, 24,  885 

Itakura  Shigemasa  (ca.  1600),  a  Jap- 
anese baron:  attempts  to  crush  re- 
bellion of  Shimabara,  7,  138 

Italian  Question,  The,  the  prepon- 
derance of  Austrian  influence  in 
Italy,   17,   384 

Italians:  contribute  to  Austro-Hun- 
garian  history,  17,  5;  location  of, 
in  Austria-Hungary,  8;  see  also 
Italy 

Italinski  (ca.  1800),  Russian  ambassa- 
dor:   his    demands    on   Turkey,   14, 

393,  395 
Italy:  condition  of  the  Jews,  I,  418; 
Pelasgi  spread  to,  2,  23;  Greek  col- 
onization in,  83;  Greek  prosperity  in, 
513;  in  relation  to  modern  Greece, 
548;  geography  of,  3,  3',  early  mi- 
grations, 4;  in  the  hands  of  Rome, 
81;  revolt  against  Rome  (91-87  B. 
C.),  2°5!  social  reorganization  of, 
under  Caesar,  380;  concludes  treaty 
with  Japan,  7,  189;  conquest  of,  by 
the  French,  10,  381,  438;  relation 
to  the  Eastern  Question,  14,  7;  Mo- 
hammed projects  subjugation  of, 
85;  Turks  driven  from,  113;  in  Af- 
rica, 19,  207;  present  African  pos- 
sessions   of,    249;    protests    against 


execution  of  Italians  in  New  Or- 
leans, 24,  976;  appoints  Behring  Sea 
arbitrator,  980;  arbitration  treaty 
with  the  United  States,  1076 
Italy,  History  of:  the  death  of  Caesar, 
4,  3;  Octavius  and  the  Second  Tri- 
umvirate, 10;  the  battle  of  Philippi 
and  the  new  division  of  the  empire, 
17;  the  battle  of  Actium  and  end 
of  the  period  of  civil  war,  22;  the 
foundation  of  the  empire  by  Au- 
gustus, 29;  condition  of  the  empire 
under  Augustus,  36;  the  reign  of 
Tiberius  Caesar,  46;  the  reigns  of 
Caius  Caligula  and  Claudius,  55;  the 
reign  of  Nero,  62;  contest  for  the 
empire,  69;  affairs  in  the  Roman 
provinces,  75;  the  Flavian  emper- 
ors —  Vespasian,  Titus,  and  Do- 
mitian,  81;  prosperity  of  the  empire 
under  Nerva,  Trajan,  and  Hadrian, 
86;  the  age  of  the  Antonines,  94; 
transition  period  of  decline,  99;  ad- 
vance of  the  barbarians,  107;  the 
reforms  of  Diocletian  and  the  rise 
of  Constantine,  113;  Constantine  the 
Great  and  the  supremacy  of  Con- 
stantinople, 121;  progress  of  Chris- 
tianity, 127;  Gratian  and  Theodo- 
sius,  133;  the  sack  of  Rome  by  the 
Goths,  140;  farther  advance  of  the 
barbarians,  145;  Odoacer,  first  king 
of  Italy  and  the  invasion  of  Theod- 
oric,  155;  fall  of  the  Goths,  159;  the 
Lombards  —  Gregory  the  Great, 
163;  rise  of  the  temporal  power  of 
the  Popes,  171;  the  foundation  of 
the  Holy  Roman  Empire,  180;  Fred- 
erick Barbarossa,  191;  the  Lombard 
cities,  199;  the  rise  of  despots,  214; 
Florence  and  Pisa,  225;  Genoa  and 
Venice,  238;  the  condottieri,  251; 
Naples  and  Florence,  257;  the  house 
of  Savoy,  272;  the  Italian  Renais- 
sance, 279;  Ludovico  el  Moro  and 
the  French  in  Italy,  289;  the  golden 
age  of  Leo  X,  296;  the  struggle  be- 
tween Charles  V  and  Francis  I  — 
the  Peace  of  Cateau-Cambresis, 
301;  the  last  of  Italian  liberty,  309; 
Charles  Emmanuel  the  Great  and 
some  men  of  the  age,  317;  Victor 
Amadeus   and   the   founding  of  the 


GENERAL    INDEX 


855 


Italian  kingdom,  326;  celebrated 
men  of  the  middle  18th  cen- 
tury, 337;  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  341; 
Revolution  in  Italian  states — war 
with  Austria,  352;  Pope  Pius  IX  and 
the  Roman  Republic,  361;  growth  of 
Italian  unity,  371;  the  question  of 
Rome,  386;  Rome  becomes  the  cap- 
ital of  Italy,  391;  internal  condition 
of  the  kingdom,  397;  literature  and 
art  of  modern   Italy,  407 

Italy,  The  Hero  of  Modern:  see  Gari- 
baldi, Giuseppe 

Italica,  an  ancient  Roman  town  in 
Spain:   organization  of,  3,  207 

Italiots,  the  Greek  inhabitants  of 
Italy:   history  of,  2,  214 

"  Itata,"  Chilian  cruiser:  seized  by 
United  States,  24,  978 

Ithaca,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands: 
home  of  Odysseus,  2,  10 

Ithome,  Messenia,  Greece:  peak  of, 
2,  17;  in  Messenian  wars,  72;  strong- 
hold of  the  revolted  Helots,  237, 
246;  site  of  city  of  Mcssene,  442 

Ito  (19th  century),  a  Japanese  ad- 
miral: at  battle  of  Wei-hai-Wei,  7, 
270 

Ito  Hirbumi,  Marquis  (b.  1840),  a 
Japanese  statesman:    examines  con- 

•  stitutional  laws  of  European  coun- 
tries, 7,  184;  made  minister  of  state, 
185;  negotiates  convention  with 
China,  196;  forms  a  constitutional 
party,  214;  first  premiership  of,  215; 
second  premiership  of,  218;  fourth 
premiership  of,  227;  makes  tour  of 
the  world,  231 

Ittingen,  Monastery  of,  Switzerland: 
burned,   13,  438 

Iturbide,  Augustin  de  (1783-1824), 
Emperor  of  Mexico,  1822-1824:  re- 
bellion of,  22,  247,  251;  proclaimed 
emperor,  257;  abdication  of,  258; 
death  of,  259 

Iturrigaray,  Jose  (ca.  1800),  a  Mex- 
ican statesman:  his  administration 
as  viceroy  of  New  Spain,  22,  228 

Ituzaingo,  Brazil:  battle  of  (1827),  21, 
121 

Itzocan,  Mexico:  taken  by  Cortez,  22, 
42 


Iuka,  Mississippi:  battle  of  (1862), 
24,  774 

Ivan  (III)  the  Great,  Grand  Duke  of 
Moscow:  born,  1440;  ascended  the 
throne,  1462;  freed  his  kingdom 
from  the  domination  of  the  Golden 
Horde;  made  conquests  in  western 
Russia;  consolidated  the  Russian 
state;  promoted  art  and  learning  by 
encouraging  the  immigration  of 
Italian  and  Greek  artists  and  pro- 
fessors; died  at  Moscow,  October 
27.   1505 

Opens  relations  with  Turkey,  14, 
177;  frees  Moscow  from  the  Tar- 
tars,  192;   reign  of,   15,   12 

Ivan  (IV)  the  "Terrible"  (1530- 
1584),  Emperor  of  Russia,  1533- 
1584:  reign  of,  14,  192,  15,  15;  his 
relations  with  Sweden,  16,  167;  at- 
tacks the   Baltic  provinces,   18,  261 

Ivan  V  (1666-1696),  Emperor  of  Rus- 
sia, 1682-1689:  Sophia  guardian  for, 

15,  24;     shares    the    throne    with 
Peter,  15,  27;   death  of,  32 

Ivan  VI  ( 1 740-1764),  Emperor  of  Rus- 
sia, 1740-1741:  career  of,  15,  136; 
visited  by  Peter,  155;  plot  to  re- 
store, 163 

Ivar  (9th  century  A.  D.);  King  of 
Waterford:  establishes  his  kingdom, 

16,  43 

Ivar  Benlos  (ca.  8th  century  A.  D.), 
King  of  Northumbria:  legend  of, 
16,  20 

Ivar  Blaa  (13th  century),  a  Swedish 
statesman:  secures  the  election  of 
Valdemar,  16,  103 

Ivar  Vidfadme  (7th  century  A.  D.), 
King  of  Denmark:  legend  of,  16, 
38 

Ivernia:  see  Ireland 

Iviga,  one  of  the  Balearic  Isles:  siege 
of  (1235),  8,  241 

Ivory  Coast,  part  of  the  coast  of  Up- 
per Guinea,  west  Africa:  descrip- 
tion of,  20,  281 

Iwafune,  Japan:  built,  7,  27 

Iwakura  Tomomi  (19th  century), 
Japanese  statesman:  made  gijo,  7, 
167;  visits  United  States  and  Eu- 
rope, 189 


356 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Ixcuintepecs,  an  Indian  tribe  of  Cen- 
tral America:  defeated  by  the  Span- 
iards, 22,  429 

Izard,  Ralph  (1742-1804),  an  Amer- 
ican politician:   sent  as  minister  to 


Tuscany,  23,  268;  not  received,  268 
Izmaelov,  Vladimir  (ca.  1760),  a  Rus- 
sian officer:  mission  of,  15,  157 
Iztapalapan:  destroyed,  22,  45 


Jabalah  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Arabian 
prince:    commands    force    of    Chris- 
tian Arabs,  1,  280 
Jabesh,  Israel:  siege  of,  1,  381 
Jack,    Captain    (d.    1872),    Modoc    In- 
dian  chief:   captured  and   executed, 

24,  905 

Jackman  (d.  ca.  1580),  Arctic  ex- 
plorer: explorations  of,  16,  301 

Jackson,  Michigan:  first  Republican 
convention  held  at,  24,  644 

Jackson,  Mississippi:  Confederate 
stronghold  in  Vicksburg  campaign, 
24,  776;  secession  convention  at, 
687 

Jackson  (19th  century),  English  of- 
ficer in  Africa:  his  explorations  in 
Africa,  19,  188 

Jackson,  Andrew,  an  American  gen- 
eral and  statesman,  President  of 
the  United  States,  1829-1837,  called 
Old  Hickory,  Sharp  Knife,  and 
Pointed  Arrow:  born  at  Waxhaw 
Settlement,  North  Carolina,  March 
15,  1767;  his  education  was  very  lim- 
ited and  he  cared  nothing  for  books; 
joined  the  Revolutionary  forces  un- 
der General  Sumter,  1780;  taken 
prisoner  by  the  British,  1781;  stud- 
ied law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  1786;  moved  to  Nashville,  1788; 
when  Tennessee  was  made  a  sep- 
arate territory  he  was  appointed  by 
Washington  attorney  for  the  new 
district,  1790;  was  a  member  of 
Congress  from  Tennessee,  1796- 
1797;  United  States  Senator,  1797- 
1798;  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Tennessee,  1798-1804;  repulsed 
the  Creeks  at  Talladega,  1813,  and 
at  Emuckfau  and  Horseshoe  Bend, 
1814;  captured  Pensacola  from  the 
English,  1814;  won  a  victory  over 
the  English  at  New  Orleans,  1815; 
was  in  command  of  the  war  with 


the  Seminoles,  1817-1818;  became 
Governor  of  Florida  Territory, 
1821;  was  United  States  Senator 
from  Tennessee,  1823-1825;  was 
elected  President  by  the  Democratic 
Party,  1828,  and  was  reelected, 
1832;  instigated  the  "  spoils  sys- 
tem," in  politics;  vetoed  a  bill  re- 
newing the  charter  of  the  United 
States  Bank;  suppressed  the  nulli- 
fication acts  of  South  Carolina;  died 
at  the  Hermitage,  near  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  June  8,  1845 

Invited  to  join  Burr  in  coloniza- 
tion scheme,  23,  403;  defends  New 
Orleans,  427;  leads  expedition 
against  Creek  Indians,  427;  his  rise 
in  War  of  1812,  433;  drives  Semi- 
noles to  Everglades,  444;  first  gov- 
ernor of  Florida,  445;  sketch  of,  as 
Presidential  candidate,  461;  his  can- 
vass for  Presidency,  463;  candidacy 
agitated  throughout  Adams's  term, 
474;  account  of  administration,  477; 
sketch  of,  477;  as  type  of  "new 
democracy,"  480;  policy  of,  485; 
views  on  internal  improvement,  488; 
feud  with  Calhoun,  492;  opposes 
nullification,  492,  495;  general  ad- 
miration for,  499;  reelected  Presi- 
dent, 502;  censured  for  war  on 
United  States  Bank,  504;  success  in 
conducting  foreign  relations,  507; 
censure  of,  expunged  from  Senate 
journal,  508;  his  administration  sum- 
marized, 508;  retires  to  "  the  Her- 
mitage," 508;  denounces  abolition- 
ists, 24,  576;  interest  in  Panama 
Canal     during     administration     of, 

1055 

Jackson,  Hancock  (19th  century),  gov- 
ernor of  Missouri:  leader  of  seces- 
sionists in  Missouri,  24,  720;  de- 
posed, 721 

Jackson,  James  (1757-1806),  American 


357 


S58 


THE   HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


lawyer:  in  first  Congress,  23,  342; 
British  minister,  415 
Jackson,  Thomas  Jonathan,  called 
Stonewall  Jackson,  an  American 
soldier:  born  at  Clarksburg,  Vir- 
ginia (now  West  Virginia),  January 
21,  1824;  graduated  from  West 
Point,  1846;  served  in  the  war 
against  Mexico,  being  complimented 
for  gallantry  in  a  number  of  battles 
and  given  the  brevet  of  captain  for 
conduct  in  the  battles  of  Contreras 
and  Cherubusco  and  of  major  for 
conduct  in  the  storming  of  Chapul- 
tepec;  resigned  from  the  army, 
1852,  and  became  Professor  of  Phys- 
ics and  Artillery  instructor  in  the 
Virginia  Military  Institute;  made 
colonel  in  the  Confederate  Army  of 
Virginia,  April  17,  1861;  was  soon 
made  brigadier-general  and  given 
command  of  the  Virginia  Valley 
Brigade;  won  his  sobriquet  of 
"  Stonewall "  at  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  1861;  was  made  major-gen- 
eral and  placed  in  command  of  the 
Confederate  forces  in  the  Shenan- 
doah Valley,  September,  1861;  was 
defeated  by  General  Shields  near 
Winchester,  March  23,  1862;  defeated 
General  Banks  at  Winchester,  May 
25,  1862;  fought  an  indecisive  battle 
with  General  Fremont  at  Cross 
Keys,  June  8,  1862;  commanded  a 
corps  at  the  battles  of  Gaines'  Mill, 
June  27,  and  at  Malvern  Hill,  July 
1,  1862;  defeated  General  Banks  at 
Cedar  Mountain,  Virginia,  August 
9,  1862;  captured  Harper's  Ferry, 
September  15,  1862;  was  present  at 
the  battle  of  Antietam,  September 
17,  1862;  commanded  the  right  wing 
at  Fredericksburg,  December  13, 
1862;  was  mortally  wounded  by  his 
own  men  at  the  battle  of  Chancel- 
lorsville,  May  2,  1863,  and  died  near 
Chancellorsville,  Virginia,  May  10 

Wins  his  sobriquet,  24,  735;  in 
Shenandoah  Valley,  759,  792;  at  Cul- 
peper  Court  House,  763;  plans  in- 
vasion of  North,  764;  defeats  How- 
ard, 771;  sketch  of,  772;  death  of, 
771 


Jackson,    William    (1737-1795),    Irish 

Protestant  minister:  his  mission  to 

Ireland,  12,  202 
Jackson-Harmsworth  Expedition,  ex- 
pedition    to      Franz     Josef     Land 

(1894),  16,  326 
Jacob  (d.  ca.  900  A.  D.),  the  son  of 

Leith:    his    conquest    of    Persia,    I. 

364 
Jacobin  Club,  political  club  in  France 

during    Revolution:    founding    and 

growth    of,    Io,    127;    struggle    of, 

with   the   Girondists,   246;    attacked 

by  the  Thermidorians,  327 
Jacqueline    (1401-1436),    Countess    of 

Holland     and      Hainault:      marries 

John,    Duke    of    Brabant,     13,    38; 

sketch  of,  39;  death  of,  41 
Jacquerie,  Rising  of  the,  rebellion  of 

French  peasants  against  the  nobles 

(1358),  9,  Ml,  11,  165 
Jaen,  Spain:  sieges  of  (1228-1230),  8, 

150;  (1245),  105 
Jafar  Khan:  see  Murshid  Kuli  Khan 
Jaffa,    Turkey:    taken    by    Napoleon, 

14,  382 
Jaffnapatam,    India:    captured   by   the 

Dutch  (1658),  5,  155 
Jagiello,     Prince     of     Lithuania:     see 

Vladislav  II,  King  of  Poland 
Jagiellos,  dynasty  of  Poland:  Poland 

under  the,  15,  375,  377 
Jaguncos,  a  band  of  Brazilian  mixed 

bloods:  rebellion  of,  21,  255 
Jahandar    Shah,    Indian    ruler,    1712: 

reign  of,  5,  125 
Jahangir     (Selim),     Mogul     emperor, 

1605-1627:  marriage  of,  5,  112;  reign 

of,  117 
Jai  Singh  II  (ca.  1725),  Indian  native 

ruler:   corrects  list  of  stars,  5,  47; 

founds  the  city  of  Jaipur,  47 
Jains,  monks  of  India:  description  of, 

5,  65 
Jaipal  (ca.  1001),  chief  of  Lahore:  at 

war  with  the  Mohammedans,  5,  91 
Jaipur,  India:  founded  (1728),  5,  47 
Jalalabad,      Afghanistan:      siege      of 

(1841),  5,  218 
Jalal-ud-din  (d.  1296),  King  of  Delhi, 

1290-1296:  founds  dynasty,  5,  98 
Jalapa,   Mexico:  taken  by  the  Amer- 
icans, 22,  327 


GENERAL    INDEX 


359 


Jalula,  Arabia:  battle  of,  i,  263 

Jama  Masjid,  India:  built,  5,  120 

Jamac,  France:  battle  of  (1562),  3, 
460 

Jamaica,  one  of  the  West  Indies: 
captured  by  the  English,  n,  370, 
20,  71;  revolt  of  the  Maroons,  20, 
139;  increase  in  its  produce,  237; 
negro  insurrections  (1831),  240; 
(1865),  245;  decline  of,  241 

Jamasee:  see  Yamassees 

James  (Jayme)  II  (d.  1327),  King  of 
Aragon,  1291-1327:  reign  of,  8,  247; 
war  with  Sicily,  4,  258 

James  I  (1566-1625),  King  of  England 
(VI  of  Scotland),  1603-1625,  called 
the  British  Solomon:  birth  of,  II, 
282;  accession  of,  to  Scottish  throne, 
12,  318;  plots  against  William  of 
Orange  and  Elizabeth,  II,  292;  ac- 
cession of,  to  English  throne,  12, 
108,  329,  13,  178;  reign  of,  II,  307; 
Christian  IV  at  the  court  of,  16, 
199;  imprisons  Raleigh,  23,  54; 
charters  London  and  Plymouth 
Companies,  56;  hostility  toward 
Presbyterians,  83;  forms  alliance 
with  Maurice  of  Nassau,  13,  195; 
relations  of  Charles  IX  with,  16, 
174;  grants  Nova  Scotia  to  Sir  Wil- 
liam Alexander,  20,  83;  death  of, 
23,  63 

James  II  (1633-1701),  King  of  Eng- 
land (VII  of  Scotland),  1685-1688: 
accession  of,  12,  131,  349,  13,  242; 
reign  of,  11,  421;  in  the  war  with 
the  Dutch,  11,  386,  13,  233;  revokes 
colonial  charters,  23,  72;  colonial 
policy  of,  100;  receives  grant  in 
America,  104;  revokes  charter  of 
New  Jersey,  109;  abolishes  charter 
of  liberties,  105;  taxes  colonies,  20, 
89;  declares  his  conversion  to  Ca- 
tholicism, 11,  394;  commissioner  for 
Scotland,  12,  348;  deposed,  9,  217, 
12,  132,  351,  23,  72,  157;  attempts 
to  regain  his  crown,  9,  218;  cam- 
paign in  Ireland,  12,  134;  death  of, 
",  45i 

James  I,  Emperor  of  Hayti: 
see  Dessalines 

James  I  (i394-i437),  King  of  Scot- 
land,   1406-1437:   reign   of,   12,   288; 


held  as  hostage  by  Henry  IV,  1 1, 
194,  12,  288;  released  and  sent  home, 
11,  202 

James  II  (1430-1460),  King  of  Scot- 
land, 1437-1460:  reign  of,  12,  293 

James  III  (1451-1488),  King  of  Scot- 
land, 1460-1488:  reign  of,  12,  296 

James  IV  (1473-1513),  King  of  Scot- 
land, 1488-1513:  reign  of,  12,  298; 
marries  Margaret  Tudor,  11,  229; 
supports  claims  of  Warbeck,  227; 
attempts  invasion  of  England,  228; 
invades   England,  236;  death  of,  9, 

135 

James  V  (1512-1542),  King  of  Scot- 
land, 1513-1542:  reign  of,  12,  301; 
at  war  with  Henry  VIII  of  Eng- 
land, 11,  261 

James  VI  and  VII,  Kings  of  Scot- 
land: see  James  I  and  II,  Kings  of 
England 

James  the  Elder,  Saint,  one  of  the 
twelve  apostles:  introduces  Chris- 
tianity into   Spain,  8,   31 

James,  Francis  (d.  1900),  a  Chinese 
missionary:  murder  of,  6,  302 

James,  George  (19th  century),  an 
American  army  officer:  fires  first 
shot  of  Civil  War,  24,  711 

James,  Thomas  (ca.  1593-1635),  an 
English  navigator:  explorations  of, 
16,  305 

James,    Thomas   Lemuel    (1831 ), 

an  American  politician:  in  Gar- 
field's cabinet,  24,  932  note;  ap- 
pointment opposed  by  Conkling, 
933;  exposes  postal  frauds,  937 

James:  see  also  Jayme 

James  River,  Virginia:  named,  23,  58; 
in  McClellan's  operations,  24,  761; 
Grant  crosses,  791 

Jameson,  Colonel  (ca.  1780),  an  Amer- 
ican officer:  receives  Andre  as  a 
prisoner,  23,  277 

Jameson,    Leander    S.    (1853 ),    a 

Scottish  physician:  appointed  admin- 
istrator for  British  South  African 
Company,  19,  231;  effect  of  his  raid, 

19,  281,  20,  231 

Jamestown,    Virginia:    description   of, 

20,  24;  settled,  20,  84,  note,  23,  58; 
burned  by  Nathaniel  Bacon,  65 

Jancourt,    De    (ca.    1814),    a    French 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


statesman:  member  of  the  provi- 
sional government,  9,  349 

Jane,  Crazy:  see  Juana,  Queen  of 
Spain 

Jang,  Sir  Salar  (1829-1883),  a  states- 
man of  British  India:  sketch  of,  5, 

235 

Jang  Bahadur,  Sir  (ca.  1850),  minister 
in  Nepal:  assists  in  quelling  the  mu- 
tiny, 5,  238 

Janiculum,  a  long  ridge  or  hill  in 
Rome:  part  of  the  territory  of 
Rome,  3,  10,  21 

Janissaries  (Yeni  Tscheri),  a  former 
body  of  Turkish  infantry  constitut- 
ing the  sultan's  guard:  instituted  by 
Alaeddin,  14,  19,  20;  recruited  from 
conquered  Christians,  32;  condition 
under  Mohammed  II,  93;  tyranny 
and  turbulence  of,  120,  150,  203,  212, 
293,  386,  394;  at  siege  of  Vienna, 
156;  under  Suleiman  the  Great,  183; 
Mohammed  IV  reorganizes,  251;  de- 
struction of,  417 

Janizo,  Rear  Admiral  (d.  1865),  Pe- 
ruvian naval  officer:  death  of,  21, 
205 

Jannaeus,  Alexander:  see  Alexander 
Jannaeus 

Jansen  (ca.  1690),  a  Dutch  renegade: 
treachery  of,  15,  32;  death  of,  33 

Janssens  (ca.  1800),  Dutch-South  Af- 
rican statesman:  governor  of  Cape 
Colony,  20,  220 

January,  Edict  of,  an  edict  for  the 
French  Calvinists  (1562),  9,  153 

Januria  (early  19th  century),  Princess 
of  Brazil:  declared  heir  to  the  throne 
of  Brazil,  21,  170 

Japan,  an  island  country  off  the  east 
coast  of  Asia:  pirates  from,  raid 
Chinese  coast,  6,  23,  35;  invades 
China,  35;  invades  Korea,  36;  art 
of,  influenced  by  China,  39;  military 
reforms  in,  246;  secures  treaty  with 
Great  Britain,  312;  signs  treaty  with 
China,  315;  first  approached  by  Eu- 
ropeans, 8,  435 

Japan,  History  of:  the  mythical  age, 
7,  3;  the  beginning  of  the  empire, 
6;  relations  with  Korea  and  China, 
12;    the    Taikwa    Reform,    22;    the 


Nara  Epoch,  31;  the  Hei-an  Epoch, 
38;  the  Kamakura  government,  65; 
the  temporary  restoration  of  impe- 
rial power,  83;  the  Muromachi  pe- 
riod, 92;  internal  peace  and  external 
war,  109;  the  foundation  of  the  Edo 
government,  122;  the  decline  of  the 
Edo  government,  140;  the  fall  of 
the  Edo  government,  155;  internal 
affairs,  173;  foreign  relations,  188; 
the  Constitution  in  theory  and  in 
practice,  199;  parties  and  politics, 
213;  economic  progress,  243;  the 
Chinese-Japanese  War,  6,  265,  7, 
252;  Japan  and  Russia  in  Korea  and 
Manchuria,  7,  275;  the  Russo-Jap- 
anese War  and  its  aftermath,  6,  308, 

7,  303 
Japan,  Sea  of,  the  part  of  the  Pacific 

Ocean    which    lies    between    Japan 

and  Korea:  battle  of  (1905),  7,  316, 

15,  364 
Japanese  Perry:  see  Perry,  Matthew 

Calbraith 
Jaraba  (ca.  1566),  Spanish  statesman: 

appointed  jueces  pesquisidores,  22, 

125 

Jarauta  (ca.  1850),  a  Mexican  clergy- 
man: in  the  war  with  the  United 
States,  22,  330 

Jardins,  Des  (17th  century),  a  Flemish 
sculptor:  sketch  of,  13,  220 

Jarente  (ca.  1790),  Archbishop  of  Or- 
leans: takes  oath  of  loyalty  to  the 
nation,  10,  113 

Jarero  (19th  century),  a  Mexican  gen- 
eral: at  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo, 
32,  325 

Jarnac,  France:  battle  of  (1569),  9, 
156 

Jaroslav  of  Martini tz:   see  Martinitz 

Jaroslav  the  Great  (d.  1054  A.  D.), 
Grand  Prince  of  Russia,  1015-1054: 
befriends  Saint  Olaf,  16,  57;  mar- 
riage of,  59 

Jason  (Joshua)  (2nd  century  B. 
C),  high  priest  of  Jerusalem:  reign 
of,  1,  404 

Jason  of  Pherae  (d.  370  B.  C),  tyrant 
of  Thessaly:  career  of,  2,  437;  mur- 
dered, 438 

Jassy,   Rumania:   massacre   in    (1821), 


GENERAL    INDEX 


361 


14,  416;    taken    by    the     Russians 
(1828),  15,  278 

Jassy,  Treaty  of,  between  Russia  and 
Turkey  (1792),  10,  134,  14,  362,  374, 

15,  187 

Jauja,  Peru:  battle  of  (1833),  21,  195 

Jaukowitz,  Austria-Hungary:  battle  of 
(1645),  16,   187 

Jaureguay,  John  (d.  1583),  a  Spanish 
assassin:  attempts  to  assassinate 
William  of  Orange,  13,  138 

Java,  one  of  the  Sunda  Islands,  called 
the  Queen  of  the  Eastern  Archi- 
pelago: settled  by  the  Dutch,  20, 
56;  conquered  by  the  Dutch,  113; 
taken  by  the  English  (1811),  5,  205, 
20,  144;  returned  to  Holland,  20, 
144;  description  of,  286 

"Java,"  British  frigate:  destroyed  by 
the   "  Constitution,"   23,  422 

Jay,  John,  an  American  statesman  and 
first  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States:  born  at  New  York,  Decem- 
ber 12,  1745;  graduated  at  King's 
College,  1764,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  New  York  bar,  1768;  was  a 
delegate  to  Congress  from  New 
York,  1774-1777,  and  1778-1779; 
drew  up  the  constitution  of  New 
York,  1777;  was  United  States  min- 
ister to  Spain,  1780-1782;  peace  com- 
missioner at  Paris,  1782-1783;  secre- 
tary for  foreign  affairs,  1784-1789; 
was  contributor  to  the  "  Federalist;" 
was  the  first  chief  justice  of  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court, 
1789-1795;  was  unsuccessful  candi- 
date for  Governor  of  New  York, 
1792;  was  special  minister  to  Great 
Britain,  1794-1795,  and  governor  of 
New  York,  1795-1801;  died  at  Bed- 
ford, Westchester  .Co.,  N.  Y.,  May 
17,  1829 

Graduates  from  King's  College, 
23,  140;  delegate  to  first  Conti- 
nental Congress,  223;  delegate  to 
second  Continental  Congress,  229; 
member  of  Secret  Committee  of 
Correspondence,  265;  sent  as  min- 
ister to  Spain,  268;  appointed  mem- 
ber of  peace  commission,  286; 
writes  for  the  Federalist,  324;  not 
delegate   to    Constitutional    Conven- 


tion, 324;  concludes  treaty  with 
England,  362;  Chief  Justice  of  the 
United  States,  346;  governor  of  New 
York,  347;  absent  from  first  Con- 
gress, 343 

Jay  Treaty,  between  Great  Britain 
and  the  United  States  (1795):  pro- 
visions of,  23,  362;  effect  on  France, 
372 

Jayme  (I)  the  Conquistador,  King  of 
Aragon,  1213-1276:  birth  of,  8,  237; 
campaigns  against  the  Moors,  102, 
107;  named  as  successor  to  Sancho 
VI  of  Navarre,  204;  reign  of,  239 

Jayme  II,  King  of  Aragon:  see  James 
II,    King   of   Aragon 

Jayme  (ca.  1283),  King  of  Majorca: 
joins  crusade  against  Pedro  III  of 
Aragon,  8,  246;  at  war  with  Pedro 
IV  of  Aragon,  254 

Jayme,  Don  (d.  1347),  son  of  Alfonso 
IV  of  Aragon:  rebellion  of,  8,  251 

Jayme,  Don  (d.  ca.  1473),  a  prince  of 
the  royal  house  of  Aragon:  revolt 
of,  8,  268 

Jayme:  see  also  James 

Jazyges,  early  Hungarian  tribe:  settle 
in  Macedonia,  17,   15 

Jean  d'  Albret,  King  of  Navarre,  1494- 
1512:  at  war  with  Ferdinand  V  of 
Spain,  8,  192;  reign  of,  216;  attempts 
to  regain  his  throne,  340 

Jean:  see  also  Joam,  Joan,  Johan, 
John  and  Juan 

Jeanne  I  (1272-1305),  Queen  of  Na- 
varre, 1274-1305:  reign  of,  8,  207 

Jeanne  II,  Queen  of  Navarre,  1328- 
1349:  reign  of,  8,  209 

Jeanne  d'  Albret  (1528-1572),  Queen 
of  Navarre:  declared  to  have  for- 
feited her  royal  dignity,  9,  155; 
leads  Protestants,  156 

Jeanne  d'  Arc  (Joan  of  Arc),  called 
the  Maid  of  Orleans  and  La  Pucelle, 
a  French  heroine:  born  at  Dom- 
remy,  Vosges,  France,  112;  was 
the  daughter  of  poor  but  religious 
peasants;  was  devoted  to  the  cause 
of  the  Orleanists,  who  upheld  the 
claims  of  Charles  VII  as  against 
Henry  V  of  England;  believed  she 
had  been  divinely  commanded  to 
liberate    France;    was    sent    with    a 


362 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


small  guard  to  Chinon,  where 
Charles  held  his  court;  he  put  her 
in  command  of  a  body  of  troops, 
and  in  one  week  she  had  raised  the 
siege  of  Orleans,  1429;  gained  the 
battles  of  Meun,  jargeau,  Beau- 
gency,  and  Patay;  as  a  result 
Charles  was  crowned  at  Rheims; 
was  prevailed  upon  to  keep  com- 
mand of  the  army  and  was  cap- 
tured by  the  Burgundians,  who 
handed  her  over  to  the  English; 
after  a  pretence  of  a  trial,  she  was 
burned  in  the  market-place  of 
Rouen,  May  31,  1431 

Career  of,  9,  114,  II,  203 

Jeannin,  Pierre  (1 540-1622),  a  French 
statesman:  draws  up  the  Edict  of 
Nantes,  9,  171;  represents  France 
at  the  Hague  Peace  Commission 
(1607),  13,  186 

Jedburgh,  Scotland:  siege  of  (1524) » 
12,  302 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  an  American 
statesman  and  President  of  the 
United  States,  1801-1809,  called  the 
Apostle  of  Liberty:  born  at  Shad- 
well,  Va.,  April  2,  1743;  entered 
William  and  Mary  College,  where 
he  distinguished  himself  in  scholar- 
ship; studied  law  five  years  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  1767;  made  a 
remarkable  success  in  his  profes- 
sion; was  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
House  of  Burgesses,  1769-1775  and 
1776-1778,  and  of  the  Continental 
Congress,  1775-1776;  was  appointed 
chairman  of  the  committee  to  draw 
up  a  declaration  of  independence 
and  he  drafted  the  "  Declaration  of 
American  Independence;"  was  Gov- 
ernor of  Virginia,  1779-1781;  again 
in  Congress,  1783-1784;  United 
States  minister  to  France,  1785- 
1789;  was  secretary  of  state,  1790- 
1793;  Vice-President,  1797-1801,  and 
President  for  two  terms,  1801-1809; 
retired  to  Monticello,  and  died  there, 
July  4,  1826 

Elevates  the  legal  profession,  23, 
138;  graduates  from  College  of  Wil- 
liam and  Mary,  142;  delegate  to  sec- 


ond Continental  Congress,  229; 
member  of  committee  to  draft  a 
declaration  of  independence,  240; 
prepares  the  draft  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence,  240;  supplies 
Alexander  of  Russia  with  a  copy 
of  the  Constitution,  15,  266  note; 
Republican  nominee  for  President, 
23,  370;  submits  plan  of  government 
for  Northwest  Territory,  318;  min- 
ister abroad,  324;  his  theory  of  the 
Union,  378;  Secretary  of  State,  344; 
wins  National  Capital  for  the  South, 
350;  opposes  doctrine  of  implied 
powers,  352;  hostility  toward  Ham- 
ilton, 356;  urges  Washington  to  ac- 
cept reelection,  357;  candidate  for 
Vice-President,  357;  views  on  nulli- 
fication, 379;  enmity  between  Ham- 
ilton and,  382;  character,  383;  ad- 
ministration, 383;  religious  belief, 
384;  inaugural  address,  385;  political 
philosophy  of,  summarized,  385;  re- 
elected President,  402;  characteriza- 
tion of,  411;  last  years,  413;  advises 
on  Monroe  Doctrine,  447;  Demo- 
cratic banquet  commemorating  an- 
niversary of,  492;  quoted  on  slavery 
in  Virginia,  24,  564;  commissions 
Taylor,  592 

Jeffreys,  George  (1648-1689),  an  Eng- 
lish judge:  condemns  Richard  Bax- 
ter, 11,  422;  holds  the  Bloody  As- 
sizes, 423 

Jehangir  (ca.  1825),  a  Chinese  rebel: 
rebellion  of,  6,   124 

Jehlam,  India:  battle  of  (327  B.  C), 
5,  67 

Jehoahaz,  King  of  Israel,  815-798  B. 
C:  at  war  with  Damascus,  I,  392 

Jehoahaz  (ca.  600  B.  C),  King  of 
Judah:  accession  of,  1,  399 

Jehoiachin,  King  of  Judah,  597  B.  C: 
carried  captive  to  Babylon,  I,  399 

Jehoiada  (850  B.  C.)»  High  Priest  of 
Judah:  restores  Joash  to  the  throne 
of  Judah,  I,  395 

Jehoiakim,  King  of  Judah,  609-597  B. 
C. :  reign  of,   1,  399 

Jehoram,  King  of  Israel,  848-844  B. 
C :  defeated  by  King  of  Damascus, 
1,  392;   death   of,  392 


GENERAL    INDEX 


363 


Jehu,  King  of  Israel,  843-815  B.  C: 
usurps  throne  of  Israel,  1,  392 

Jehudah-ha-Nasi  (ca.  200  A.  D.),  Jew- 
ish Rabbi:  compiles  the  Mishnah,  1, 
414 

Jellachich  de  Buzin,-  Joseph,  Count 
(1801-1859),  a  Croatian  general:  in 
Hungarian  insurrection,  15,  300,  18, 
401;  sanctions  acts  of  Croatians, 
x7>  369;  leads  Croatian  forces,  370; 
his  campaign  against  Vienna,  376 

Jellinek  (d.  1848),  Hungarian  jour- 
nalist:  death  of,   17,  376 

Jemappes  (Jemmapes),  Belgium:  bat- 
tle of  (1792),  9,  279,  13,  263,  17, 
280,  18,  356 

Jemmingen,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1568), 
13,  109 

Jen  Tsung  (ca.  1325),  Chinese  em- 
peror: reign  of,  6,  25 

Jena,  Germany:  battle  of  (1806),  8, 
484,  9,  328,  10,  470,  16,  251,  18, 
372 

Jenatsch,  George  (1 596-1639),  a  Swiss 
soldier:  leads  revolt,  13,  462;  leads 
attack  on  Pompey  Planta,  463; 
death  of,  463 

Jenghiz  Khan  or  Jengis  Khan:  see 
Genghis  Khan 

Jenkins  Episode,  The,  abuse  of  Eng- 
lish captain  by  Spaniards,  given  as 
one  of  the  causes  of  the  war  with 
Spain  (1738),  11,  483 

Jenkinson,  Anthony  (d.  161 1),  an  Eng- 
lish explorer:  travels  of,  5,  140, 
342 

Jenkinson,  Robert  Banks,  Earl  of 
Liverpool:  see  Liverpool,  Robert 
Banks  Jenkinson,  Earl  of 

Jensenius  (d.  1621),  a  Bohemian 
scholar:  death  of,  17,  207 

Jerablus:  see  Carchemish 

Jericho,  Palestine:  conquered  by  He- 
brews, 1,  377 

Jernskoeg  (Ironbeard),  (ca.  1000  A. 
D.),  Norwegian  leader:  champions 
the  old  belief,  16,  55 

Jeroboam  I,  King  of  Israel,  953-927 
B.  C.:  rebels  against  Solomon,  1, 
388;  accession  of,  389 

Jeroboam  II,  King  of  Israel,  790-749 
B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  393 

Jerome  (Hieronymus),  Saint  (340-420 


A.  D.),  a  father  of  the  Latin  church: 
sketch  of,  18,  202 

Jerome,  King  of  Westphalia:  see  Bo- 
naparte Jerome,  King  of  Westpha- 
lia 

Jerome  of  Prague  (1365-1416),  a  Bo- 
hemian religious  reformer:  mar- 
tyred, 17,  124 

Jersey  Blue:  see  New  Jersey 

Jerusalem,  capital  of  Ancient  Pales- 
tine, called  The  City  of  David  and 
The  City  of  Peace:  conquered  by 
David  (1048  B.  C),  1,  384;  becomes 
capital  of  Israel,  385;  becomes  Aelia 
Capitolina,  413;  taken  by  Per- 
sians (615  A.  D.),  5,  320;  by  Sara- 
cens (637  A.  D.),  2,  533;  by  Godfrey 
of  Bouillon  (1099),  J8,  138;  by  Sal- 
adin  (1187),  11,  no,  18,  155;  by 
Selim  (1516),  14,  130;  proposed  for 
Mohammedan  kebla  of  prayer,  1, 
228;  sieges  of  (ca.  950  B.  C.),  30; 
(ca.  701  B.  C),  397;  (598  B.  C), 
399J   (587-586  B.   C),  92,  400;    (162 

B.  C),  406;  (70  A.  D.),  1,  411,  4, 
79;  (637  A.  D.),  1,  282,  14,  100 

Jerusalem  of  Russia,  The:  see  Mos- 
cow 

Jervis,  John,  Earl  St.  Vincent  (1734- 
1823),  English  admiral:  at  battle  of 
Cape  St.  Vincent,  11,  547 

Jessup,  Colonel  (ca.  1815),  American 
officer:  sent  to  keep  watch  on  Hart- 
ford convention,  24,  432;  captures 
Osceola,  515 

Jessup,  Morris  Ketchum  (b.  1830 ), 

American  philanthropist:  organizes 
North  American  Indian  Expedition, 
23,  3  note 

Jesuits  (Society  of  Jesus),  society 
founded  by  Ignatius  Loyola  (1534): 
founded,  17,  178;  plan  conquest  of 
the  Californias,  22,  183:  power  of, 
11,  281;  proselytizing  of,  15,  n, 
25;  expelled  from  Austria,  17,  260; 
from  Brazil,  21,  38;  from  Bohemia, 
18,  268;  from  France,  8,  418,  9,  247, 
387,  18,  351;  from  Germany,  18, 
441;  from  Holland,  13,  253;  from 
New  Spain,  22,  204;  from  Paraguay, 
21,  49;  from  Pernambuco,  178;  from 
Portugal,  8,  418,  472,  18,  351;  from 
Spain,  8,  418,  18,  351;  from  Switzer- 


364 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


land,  13,  49s,  552;  from  the  Two  Si- 
cilies, 4,  383,  18,  351;  return  to  Ar- 
gentina, 31,  136;  to  Bohemia,  18, 
270;  to  France  (1603),  9,  175;  to 
Lower   Austria,    17,   350;   to   Spain, 

8,  496;  sends  missionary  explorers 
to  America,  23,  51,  174;  sketch  of, 
22,  203;  suppression  of  (1773),  20, 
98;  work  of,  in  Bohemia,  17,  180, 
198,  213;  in  China,  6,  33,  34,  40,  73, 
88;  in  Germany,  18,  259,  273,  290, 
303;  in  Portugal,  8,  439;  in  South 
America,  20,  48,  92,  93,  21,  37,  48, 
144;  in  Switzerland,  13,  457,  529, 
549;  in  Transylvania,  17,  223 

Jesus,  Society  of:  see  Jesuits 

Jesus  Christ,  founder  of  Christianity: 

crucifixion  of,  1,  410,  2,  522 
Jeunesse  Doree,  The:  French  political 
faction:  formed  by  Freron,  10,  326; 
costume  and  composition  of,  326 
Jewel  of  Europe,  The:  see  Sicily 
Jewelry:  among  the  Indians,  23,  12 
Jews,  a  Semitic  nation  descended  from 
tribes  of  Judah  and  Benjamin: 
ARABIA:  settle  in,  1,  187,  415 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:      influence 
of,    17,   6;    condition   of,   96;    under 
Louis   the    Great   of   Hungary,    154; 
under  Joseph  II  of  Austria,  266 
BABYLONIA:     prosperity     of,     1, 
414 

BRAZIL:  settle  in,  20,  47;  condi- 
tion of,  1,  424;  establish  sugar  plan- 
tations, 20,  92 

EASTERN  EMPIRE:  condition  of, 
1,  416 

ENGLAND:  condition  of,  1,  419; 
William  Rufus  encourages  their  set- 
tlement in  England,  11,  83;  their 
unpopularity,  91;  massacre  of,  112; 
persecuted  by  John  of  England, 
124;  banished  by  Edward  I  of  Eng- 
land, 145 

FRANCE:  condition  of,  1,  419,  422; 
persecuted  by   Philip   V   of   France, 

9,  90;  expelled,  109;  declared  eligible 
for  all  civil  and  military  offices,  10, 
115  note 

GERMANY:    condition   of,    1,   420, 

18,  350 

GREECE:  condition  of,  2,  549 


HOLLAND:  condition  of,  1,  421; 
fleets,   X3,   168 

ITALY:  condition  of,  1,  418 
POLAND:  condition  of,  1,  420 
PORTUGAL:    persecution    of,    un- 
der Manuel  of  Portugal,  8,  336 
ROME:  influence  in  empire,  3,  391 
RUSSIA:  under  Peter,  15,  85;  Po- 
temkin    raises    a    regiment    of,    184; 
French    estimate   of    Russian    Jews, 
222,   223;   number,  341;   concessions 
to,  348;  massacred  at  Kishinev,  358; 
at  Odessa,  365 

SPAIN:  condition  of,  1,  416;  perse- 
cuted by  Sisebert,  8,  44;  persecu- 
tions, under  Ferdinand  and  Isabella, 
185;  massacre,  under  Jeanne  II  of 
Navarre,  209 

SWITZERLAND:  given  the  rights 
of  citizenship  in  Aargau,  13,  564 
TURKEY:  condition  of,  1,  421 
UNITED  STATES:  in  Pennsylva- 
nia, 1,  426;  denied  rights  of  Tolera- 
tion Act,  23,  72;  as  American  colo- 
nists, 127;  persecuted  in  New  Eng- 
land, 147;  denied  suffrage  in  New 
York  and  South  Carolina,  148 

Jews'  House,  at  Lincoln,  England: 
made  of  stone,  11,  118 

Jezebel  (d.  843  B.  C.)>  a  Phoenician 
princess:  marries  Ahab,  King  of 
Israel,  I,  390;  denounced  by  Elijah, 
392;  death  of,  392 

Jezreel,  Palestine:  battle  of,  1,  384 

Jhansi,  British  India:  escheats  to  the 
British   government,  5,  229 

Jimmu,  Emperor  of  Japan,  ca.  660  B. 
C. :   founds   dynasty,    7,    7 

Jinghis  Khan:  see  Genghis  Khan 

Jingo,  Empress  of  Japan,  ca.  200  A. 
D.:  her  expedition  against  Korea, 
7,   12 

Jito,  Empress  of  Japan,  690-697  A.  D.: 
reign  of,  7,  30 

Joab  (ca.  1000  B.  C),  Hebrew  gen- 
eral: attempts  to  comfort  David,  1, 
386;  death,  387 

Joachim  (1505-1571),  Elector  of  Bran- 
denburg: sends  tutor  for  Christian, 
16,  147 

Joachim  of  the  Red  Beard,  Father: 
see  Haspinger 


GENERAL    INDEX 


365 


Joachimi  (ca.  1650),  Dutch  envoy:  his 
mission  to  the  English  Parliament, 
13,  225 

Joam  I,  King  of  Portugal,  1385-1433: 
does  homage  to  Leonora,  8,  292; 
imprisoned,  294;  schemes  for  the 
throne  of  Portugal,  296;  made 
regent  of  Portugal,  297;  accession 
to  throne,  299 

Joam  (II)  the  Great,  King  of  Por- 
tugal, 1481-1495:  his  interest  in  dis- 
coveries, 8,  187,  316,  19,  8,  20,  38, 
23,  25,  28;  reign  of,  8,  318,  20,  35 

Joam  III,  King  of  Portugal,  1521- 
1557:  reign  of,  8,  433;  his  colonial 
policy,  20,  48 

Joam  IV,  King  of  Portugal,  1640- 
1656:  claims  throne  of  Portugal,  8, 
448;  plots  for  the  throne,  456;  ac- 
cession of,  8,  379,  462,  9,  193,  13, 
212 

Joam  V,  King  of  Portugal,  1706- 
1750:  reign  of,  8,  470 

Joam  VI,  King  of  Portugal,  1816- 
1826:  marries  Carlotta  of  Spain,  8, 
418;  made  regent  of  Portugal,  475; 
his  sojourn  in  Brazil,  21,  164;  ac- 
knowledges the  independence  of 
Brazil,  167;  reign  of,  8,  525 

Joam:  see  also  Jean,  Joan,  Johan, 
John  and  Juan 

Joan:  see  also  Jean,  Joam,  Johan 
John  and  Juan 

Joan  of  Arc:  see  Jeanne  d'  Arc 

Joan  of  Naples  (early  14th  century), 
daughter  of  the  Duke  of  Calabria: 
marries  Andrew  of  Anjou,    17,   151 

Joanna  I,  Queen  of  Naples,  1343-1382: 
reign  of,  4,  260 

Joanna  (Joan)  II,  Queen  of  Naples 
1414-1435:  marries  the  Count  de  la 
Marche,  8,  261;  appeals  to  the  king 
of  Aragon  for  aid  against  French, 
262;  reign  of,  4,  262 

Joanna:  see  also  Juana 

Joash,  King  of  Israel,  798-790  B.  C. 
at  war  with  Syria,  1,  393 

Joash,  King  of  Judah,  837-797  B.  C: 
reign  of,  1,  395 

Job:  see  Abu  Ayub 

Jodocus  (ca.  1400),  Margrave  of  Mo- 
ravia: conspiracy  of,  18,  198;  elected 
king  of  Germany,  201 


Johan  (I)  Sverkersson  (d.  1222),  King 
of  Sweden:  death  of,  16,  103 

Johan  II,  King  of  Sweden:  see  Hans, 
King  of  Denmark 

Johan  III  (d.  1593),  King  of  Sweden: 
invested  with  Finland,  16,  160;  de- 
poses his  brother,  163;  reign  of, 
164;  death  of,  168 

Johan  (ca.  1600),  Duke  of  East  Goth- 
land: refuses  the  Swedish  crown, 
16,  171;  regent  of  Sweden,  176 

Johan  (ca.  1650),  Duke  of  Holstein- 
Gottorp:  a  member  of  the  council 
of  regency,  16,  210 

Johan:  see  also  Jean,  Joam,  Joan, 
John  and  Juan 

Johannan  ben  Sacchai  (1st  century  A. 
D.),  Jewish  Rabbi:  unites  the  Jews 
of  Palestine,   1,  412 

Johannes  Scotus  Erigena  (ca.  850  A. 
D.),  Irish  scholar:  his  relations  with 
Charles  the  Bold  of  France,  12,  36 

Johannesburg,  Transvaal:  built,  20, 
231;  occupied  by  the  British  (1900), 

233 
Johanson,  Hjalmar  (19th  century),  a 

Norwegian    explorer:     accompanies 

Nansen,  16,  326 
John  I,  Pope,  523-526:  his  mission  to 

the  East,  4,  157 
John   VIII,    Pope,   872-882:    confirms 

privileges  granted  to  Methodius,  17, 

33 

John  IX,  Pope,  898-900:  receives  a 
factum  from  the  German  bishops 
of  Moravia,  17,  33 

John  XII  (d.  964),  Pope,  955-963, 
called  the  Boy  Pope:  his  relations 
with  Otto  I,  4,  181,  18,  113;  de- 
posed, 114 

John  XV,  Pope,  985-996:  his  relations 
with  Otto  III,  18,  119 

John  XVI  (Philagathus),  anti-Pope, 
997-998:  accession  of,  18,   121 

John  XIX,  Pope,  1024-1033:  crowns 
Conrad  II,  18,  125 

John  XXII  (Jacques  d'  Euse)  (ca. 
1244-1334),  Pope,  1316-T334:  opposes 
Lewis  of  Bavaria,  18,  187;  abets 
ambitions  of  Robert  of  Anjou,  4, 
218;  grants  dispensation  for  mar- 
riage of  Pedro  I  of  Portugal  and 
Ines  de  Castro,  8,  290 


366 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


John  XXIII  (Baltasare  Cossa)  (ca. 
1360-1419),  anti-Pope,  1410-1415: 
sketch  of,  13,  396,  17,  122;  pontifi- 
cate of,  18,  201;  honors  Frederick 
III  of  Austria,  17,  107;  imprisoned, 
18,  204 

John  (d.  1889),  King  of  Abyssinia:  at 
war  with  the  Italian  garrisons,  19, 
207 

John  (ca.  1296-1346),  King  of  Bohe- 
mia, 1310-1346:  becomes  king,  18, 
185;  reign  of,  17,  113;  opposes  Lewis 
of  Bavaria,  18,  189;  death  of,  190 

John  (I)  Zimisces,  Emperor  of  the 
East,  969-975  A.  D.:  reign  of,  1,  367; 
in  Damascus,  369 

John  (V)  Palasologus,  Emperor  of  the 
East,.  1341-1347  and  1355-1391:  aided 
by  Orkhan,  14,  25;  at  war  with  Can- 
tacuzene,  26;  his  fear  of  the  Otto- 
mans, 31;  appeals  to  the  Pope,  4, 
276;  asks  aid  of  Louis  the  Great  of 
Hungary,    17,    152 

John  (1167-1216),  King  of  England, 
1199-1216:  sent  to  Ireland,  11,  no, 
12,  54;  revolts  against  Henry  II,  9, 
75,  11,  no;  usurps  royal  power,  11, 
113;  accession  of,  9,  76,  11,  121;  in- 
vades Ireland,  12,  56;  at  war  with 
Philip  II  of  France,  18,  160;  his 
relations  with  the  Jews,  1,  420;  his 
relations  with  Scotland,  12,  266; 
death  of,  11,  129 

John  (II)  the  Good  (d.  1364),  King 
of  France,  1350-1364:  reign  of,  9, 
95;  accession  of,  11,  164;  defeated 
and  captured  at  Poitiers,  164;  re- 
leased, 167 

John  (I)  Szapolyai,  King  of  Hungary, 
1526-1540;  leads  nobles  in  peasant 
revolt,  17,  168;  proclaimed  king,  216; 
seeks  aid  from  Turkey,  14,  152; 
death  of,  159 

John  (I)  Albert  (1459-1501),  King  of 
Poland,  1492-1501:  reign  of,  15, 
377 

John  (II)  Casimir  (1609-1672),  King 
of  Poland,  1648-1668:  reign  of,  15, 
380;  claims  the  throne  of  Sweden, 
16,  207;  aided  by  Frederick  Wil- 
liam of  Brandenburg,  18,  300; 
abandons  his  pretensions,  16,  210 

John  (III)  Sobieski,  King  of  Poland, 


1674-1696:  born  at  Olesko,  Galicia, 
June  2,  1624;  at  an  early  age  distin- 
guished himself  by  repelling  the  in- 
vasions of  the  Cossacks,  Tatars, 
and  Russians;  was  made  grand  mar- 
shall  and  hetman  of  Poland,  1665; 
defeated  the  Turks  under  Mahomet 
IV  and  took  the  fortress  of  Kotzim, 
1671;  was  elected  King  of  Poland, 
1674;  went  to  the  relief  of  Vienna, 
which  was  besieged  by  the  Turks, 
1683;  was  successful  and  expelled 
the  Turks  from  the  country;  died, 
June  17,  1696 

Account  of,  14,  6,  248;  reign  of, 
15,  382;  campaign  against  the  Cos- 
sacks, 14,  244;  saves  Vienna  from 
the  Turks,   17,  184,  18,  303 

John,  Kings  of  Sweden:  see  Johan 

John  the  Parricide  (b.  12S9),  Duke  of 
Austria;  kills  the  Emperor  Albert, 
I3>  364;  sketch  of,  18,  185 

John  (1782-1859),  Archduke  of  Aus- 
tria: his  campaign  against  the 
French,  9,  317,  325,  18,  363;  takes 
command  of  the  army  of  the  Tyrol, 
17.  293;  defeated  by  the  French, 
336;  his  work  in  Vienna,  363;  his 
efforts  to  liberate  Germany,  18,  382, 
394;  proclaimed  vicar  of  the  em- 
pire, 17,  375,  18,  400 

John  (early  15th  century),  Duke  of 
Brabant:  influence  of,  13,  38;  death 
of,  40 

John  II  (d.  1488),  Duke  of  Bourbon: 
claims  guardianship  of  Charles  VIII 
of  France,  9,  126 

John  the  Fearless  (1370-1419),  Duke 
of  Burgundy  before  his  accession  to 
Burgundy,  known  as  the  Duke  of 
Nevers:  succeeds  to  county  of 
Burgundy,  13,  37;  his  campaigns 
against  the  Turks,  9,  109,  13,  37,  14, 
40;  taken  captive  by  Turks,  14,  43; 
ransomed,  44;  procures  assassina- 
tion of  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  9, 
no,  11,  194;  at  war  with  the  Count 
of  Armagnac,  9,  no;  forms  alliance 
with  Henry  IV  of  England,  11,  197; 
marches  to  Paris,  199;  uses  cannon 
in  his  army,  4,  256;  at  battle  of 
Azincourt,  9,  in;  death  of,  11,  200, 
13,  39 


GENERAL    INDEX 


367 


John  (15th  century),  Duke  of  Cala- 
bria: claims  throne  of  Naples,  4,  265 

John  (14th  century),  son  of  Charles 
IV,  King  of  Germany:  receives  Lu- 
satia,  18,  194 

John  (late  14th  century),  Count  of 
Gorlitz:  aids  the  Emperor  Vacslav, 
17,  118 

John  (late  7th  century),  Roman  pre- 
fect:  leads   force   against  Arabs,   1, 

307 
John  of  Austria,  Don  (1546-1578),  an 
Austrian  military  and  naval  com- 
mander: birth  of,  8,  353;  commands 
Spanish  forces  against  Turks,  4,  310; 
heads  maritime  league,  14,  196;  cap- 
tures Tunis,  200;  his  campaign 
against  the  Moriscos,  8,  371;  at  bat- 
tle of  Lepanto,  355;  appointed  re- 
gent of  the  Low  Countries,  8,  361, 
13,  120;  his  governorship  of  the 
Netherlands,  13,  125;  at  war  with 
Portugal,   8,  465;   death   of,  8,   361, 

13,  131 

John  of  Bavaria  (early  15th  century), 
Bishop  of  Liege:  reign  of,  13,  38 

John  von  Bubenberg  (14th  century), 
a    Swiss    soldier:    defends    Laupen, 

13,  374 
John  of  Bruges  (John  van  Eyck)  (ca 

1386-1440),      a      Flemish      painter 
sketch  of,  13,  63 

John  of  Gaunt  (1340-1399),  Duke  o£ 
Lancaster:  invades  France,  9,  104 
11,  168;  joins  baronial  and  anti- 
clerical party,  170;  supports  Wy- 
cliffe,  172;  claims  throne  of  Castile, 
181;  marries  Catherine  Swynford, 
183 

John  of  Giscala  (1st  century  A.  D.),  a 
Jewish  captain:  leader  of  Jewish 
revolt  (67  A.  D.),  1,  411 

John  de  Grey  (early  13th  century), 
English  prelate,  Bishop  of  Norwich: 
chosen  archbishop  of  Canterbury 
11,  123 

John  of  Leyden  (1510-1536),  an  Ana- 
baptist fanatic:  sketch  of,  18,  250; 
leads  uprising  of  Anabaptists,  9, 
142 

John  of  Luxemburg:  see  John,  King 
of  Bohemia 

John   of  Monte  Corvino   (early   14th 


century),  a  Franciscan  monk:  his 
career  in  the  East,  5,   142 

John  of  Nepomuck,  Saint  (d.  1393),  a 
Bohemian  ecclesiastic:  death  of,  18, 
198 

John  of  Pomuk:  see  Pomuk,  John  of 

John  of  Procida  (13th  century),  a  Ne- 
apolitan revolutionist:  leader  of  rev- 
olutionary party  in  Sicily,  4,  257 

John  of  Suabia:  see  John  the  Parri- 
cide 

John  of  Zeliv  (15th  century),  an  Aus- 
trian monk:  leads  insurrection  in 
Prague,  17,  128;  rules  in  Prague, 
132 

John  the  Marshal  (12th  century)  :  sues 
Thomas  a  Becket,  II,  102 

John:  see  also  Jean,  Joam,  Joan,  Johan 
and  Juan 

John  Balliol  (1249-1315),  King  of 
Scotland:  claims  throne,  12,  271;  ac- 
cession of,  272 

John  Casimir  (1 543-1 592),  Count  Pal- 
atine: assists  Dutch  Protestants,  13, 
131;  director-in-chief  in  Sweden,  16, 
181 

John  Castriot:  see  Castriot,  John 

John  Cicero  (late  15th  century),  Mar- 
grave of  Brandenburg:  at  the  Diet 
of  Worms,  18,  226 

John  Frederick  (1503-1554),  Elector 
of  Saxony:  sketch  of,  18,  255,  258; 
death  of,  262 

John  George  I  (1 585-1656),  Elector  of 
Saxony,  1611-1656:  candidate  for 
Bohemian  throne,  17,  205;  his  alli- 
ance with  the  emperor,  18,  270, 
272;  his  lands  ravaged  by  the  im- 
perial forces,  276;  unites  with  Gus- 
tavus  Adolphus,  280,  282;  makes  a 
treaty  with  the  emperor,  288 

John  George  II  (1613-1680),  Elector 
of  Saxony,  1656-1680:  policy  of,  18, 
299 

John  Maurice  (17th  century),  Prince 
of  Nassau:  in  Brazil,  20,  60 

John  Philoponus  (7th  century),  an  Al- 
exandrian scholar:  intercourse  with 
Amru,  1,  296 

John  Sigismund  (1572-1619),  Elector 
of  Brandenburg,  1608-1619:  in  the 
Succession  of  Cleves  dispute,  18, 
266 


368 


THE   HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


John  William  (d.  1609),  Duke  of 
CI  eves:  death  of,  18,  266 

Johnsen,  Nils  (19th  century),  a  Nor- 
wegian explorer:  explorations  of, 
16,  315 

Johnson,  Andrew  (1808-1875),  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  April  15, 
1865-1869;  nominated  Vice-Presi- 
dent, 24,  800;  reviews  Union  troops 
before  disbandment,  814;  takes  oath 
of  office  for  President,  830;  early 
life,  831;  threatens  vengeance  on 
Southern  leaders,  831;  issues  am- 
nesty proclamation,  839;  declares 
rebellion  at  an  end,  845;  lays  cor- 
ner-stone of  monument  to  Douglas, 
846;  Congress  abridges  powers  of, 
846;  quarrels  with  Grant,  850,  861; 
quarrels  with  Secretary  Stanton, 
850;  impeached,  851;  death,  855; 
summary,  855 

Johnson,  Herschel  V.  (1812-1880),  an 
American  politician:  nominated  for 
Vice-President  (i860),  24,  682 

Johnson,  Sir  Nathaniel   (d.   1713),  an 
English  colonist:  governor  of  South 
Carolina,  23,  yy;  excludes  dissenter 
from  Carolina  assembly,  78 

Johnson,  Reverdy  (1796-1876),  an 
American  lawyer:  concludes  treaty 
with  England,  24,  882 

Johnson,  Richard  Mentor  (1780-1850) 
an  American  politician:  Tecumseh 
slain  by,  23,  425;  nominated  Vice- 
President,  510;  elected  Vice-Presi- 
dent, 51 1 

Johnson,  Samuel  (1696-1772),  an 
American  educator:  president  of 
King's  College,  23,  140 

Johnson,  Sir  William  (1715-1774),  a 
British  commander:  influence  of, 
23,  175;  knighted,  183;  leads  expedi- 
tion against  Crown  Point,  183;  cap- 
tures Fort  Niagara,  192;  concludes 
treaty  with  Pontiac,  200 

Johnston,  Albert  Sydney  (1803-1862) 
an  American  Confederate  general: 
commands  forces  at  Bowling 
Green,  24,  743;  attempts  to  remove 
him  from  command,  745;  at  battle  of 
Pittsburg  Landing,  747;   death,  748 

Johnston,     Alexander     Keith     (1844- 


1879),  a  Scottish  geographer:  his 
work  in  the  Lake  Nyasa  region,  19, 
238 

Johnston,   Sir  Henry   H.    (1858 ), 

an  English  traveler:  obtains  land 
at  Mount  Kilimanjaro,  19,  132,  134; 
quoted  on  German  administration  in 
Africa,  261 

Johnston,  Joseph  Eccleston  (1807- 
1891),  an  American  general:  at  bat- 
tle of  Bull  Run,  24,  734;  advises 
against  attack  on  Washington,  736; 
commands  Confederate  army,  757; 
wounded,  759;  succeeded  by  Lee, 
760;  commands  at  Jackson,  776; 
succeeds  Bragg,  786;  generalship  of, 
794;  opposes  Sherman's  march,  794; 
his  removal,  795;  Lee's  effort  to 
join,  810;  surrenders  to  Sherman, 
814 

Joint  High  Commissions:  1,  ap- 
pointed for  Alabama  claims,  24, 
883;  2,  appointed  to  settle  fur  seal 
controversy,  1020 

Joinville,  Frangois  Ferdinand  Philippe 
Louis  Marie  d'  Orleans,  Prince  of 
(1818-1900),  third  son  of  Louis 
Philippe:  his  expedition  against 
Mexico,  9,  413;  his  campaign  in 
Algiers,  423 

Jokai,  Maurus  (1825-1904),  a  Hun- 
garian novelist  and  politician:  takes 
part  in  the  revolution  of  1848  in 
Hungary,  17,  368;  publishes  an  ap- 
peal against  the   Independents,  441 

Jolo:  see  Sulu 

Jomail  ben  Zeyan  (ca.  1224),  an  An- 
dalusian  chief:  revolt  of,  8,  102 

Jomsborg,  Brotherhood  of,  a  band  of 
Pagan  Vikings  who  scourged  the 
Christian  lands  adjoining  the  Baltic 
Sea:  founding  of,  16,  30;  defeated 
by  Erik  Sejrsael,  58 

Jonadab  ben  Rechab  (ca.  843  B.  C), 
founder  of  the  sect  of  Rechabites: 
aims  of,  I,  391 

Jonas  (7th  century  A.  D.),  a  nobleman 
of  Damascus:  betrays  Damascenes 
to  the  Saracens,  I,  275 

Jonas,  Justus  (1493-1555),  a  German 
Protestant  reformer:  befriends 
Luther,  18,  237;  at  the  conference  at 


GENERAL    INDEX 


369 


Marburg,  247;  at  Luther's  deathbed, 
252 
Jonathan  (nth  century  B.  C),  son  of 
Saul,  prince  of  Israel:  defeats  the 
Philistines  at  Gibea,  1,  382;  friend- 
ship of,   for   David,   383;   death   of, 

384 

Jonathan  (d.  143  B.  C),  son  of  Matta- 
thias,  a  Jewish  high  priest  and 
ruler:  leader  of  Jewish  revolt,  1, 
406;  becomes  high  priest,  407 

Jones,  Colonel  (ca.  1650),  governor  of 
Dublin:  defeats  Preston,  12,   122 

Jones,  Ernest  (d.  1869),  an  English 
barrister:  leader  of  labor  revolt,  11, 
600 

Jones,  Inigo  (1573-1652),  English 
architect:  sketch  of,  11,  419 

Jones,  John  Paul,  called  Paul  Jones, 
a  Scotch- American  naval  officer: 
born  at  Arbigland,  Scotland,  July 
6,  1747;  was  apprenticed  to  a  ship- 
master engaged  in  the  American 
trade,  1759;  later  became  third  mate 
on  a  slaver,  but  grew  disgusted  with 
the  traffic  and  entered  the  West  In- 
dian service;  emigrated  to  Virginia, 
1773,  and  entered  the  colonial  naval 
service  as  senior  lieutenant,  1775; 
became  captain,  1776,  and  comman- 
der of  the  "Ranger,"  1777;  sailed 
along  the  coast  of  Scotland,  and 
made  an  attack  on  Whitehaven, 
1778;  captured  the  "Drake";  was 
put  in  command  of  the  "  Bon- 
homme  Richard  "  and  some  smaller 
vessels,  1779;  attacked  the  "  Sera- 
pis,"  and  won  the  victory;  received 
a  gold  medal  from  Congress;  en- 
tered the  service  of  Russia  as  rear- 
admiral,  1788;  died  in  Paris,  July 
18,  1792 

His  depredations  round  the  Irish 
coast,  12,  182;  in  the  Russian  serv- 
ice, 15,  184;  naval  exploits  of,  23, 
290 

Jonesboro,  Georgia:  Sherman  seizes 
railroad  at,  24,  797 

Jonsen,  Rane  (d.  1293),  a  Danish 
rebel:  execution  of,  16,  no 

Jonsson,  Bo  (d.  1385),  Swedish  noble: 
his  rule  in  Sweden,  16,  109 

Jonsson,  Ture  (16th  century),  Swedish 


revolutionist:  at  the  diet  of  Ves- 
teraas,  16,  158 

Joost,  Jan  (ca.  1600),  a  Dutch  trader: 
settles  in  Japan,  7,  135 

Jordaens,  Jacob  (ca.  1593-1678), 
Flemish  painter:  sketch  of,  13,  220 

Jordan  (Jourdan)  Camille  (1771-1821), 
a  French  politician:  leader  of  the 
doctrinaires,  9,  371;  ridicule  at- 
tached to  him,  10,  387 

Jordanes  (6th  century  A.  D.),  a 
Gothic  historian:  his  account  of  the 
Visigoths,  16,  7 

Jordebog,  a  Danish  book  of  lands  on 
the  lines  of  the  English  Doomsday 
book:  description  of,  16,  89 

Jornandes:  see  Jordanes 

Jose  I  (d.  1777),  King  of  Portugal: 
reign  of,  8,  471 

Joseph  I  (1678-1711),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1705-1711:  carries  on  the 
War  of  Spanish  Succession,  9,  222; 
reign  of,  17,  190,  18,  313;  reign  of, 
as  king  of  Bohemia,  17,  214;  pro- 
claimed unworthy  of  Hungarian 
throne,  233;  death  of,  17,  234,  9,  224 

Joseph  II  (1741-1790),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1765-1790,  called  The  Ka- 
lapos  King:  reign  of,  13,  257,  17, 
245,  264,  18,  347;  offers  mediation 
on  behalf  of  Turkey,  14,  332;  allied 
with  Russia,  348;  declares  war  on 
Turkey,  352;  visits  Catherine  of 
Russia,  15,  174;  his  journey  in  the 
Crimea,   184;   death  of,  13,  262,   14, 

357 

Joseph  (ca.  1600),  an  English  ex- 
plorer: explorations  of,  16,  304 

Joseph  Frederich  (ca.  1883),  a  South 
African  chief:  concludes  treaty  with 
Liideritz,  19,  99 

Joseph  of  Navaro  (ca.  1740),  French 
admiral:  at  battle  of  Toulon,  9,  238 

Josephine  (Marie  Joseph  Rose  de 
Tascher  de  la  Pagerie),  Empress  of 
the  French:  born  at  Trois  Islets, 
Martinique,  West  Indies,  June  24, 
1763;  married  in  France  to  the  Vi- 
comte  de  Beauharnais,  1779;  was 
the  mother  of  Eugene  Beauharnais 
and  of  Hortense,  the  mother  of  Na- 
poleon III;  the  vicomte  was  exe- 
cuted   and    she    imprisoned    by   the 


370 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Jacobins,  1794;  was  released  from 
prison  by  the  efforts  of  Madame 
Tallien;  married  General  Napoleon 
Bonaparte,  1796;  was  crowned  em- 
press, 1804;  was  divorced  by  Na- 
poleon, 1809;  retired  to  Malmaison, 
where  she  died  May  29,  1814 

Crowned,    9,    323;    Napoleon    re- 
pudiates, 338 

Josephstadt,    Bohemia:   built,   17,   252 

Josephus,  Flavius,  a  Jewish  historian: 
born  at  Jerusalem  in  37  or  38  A.  D.; 
passed  through  the  schools  of  the 
three  Jewish  sects;  spent  three 
years  in  the  desert  with  the  hermit 
Banus;  adopted  the  views  of  the 
Pharisees  and  soon  attained  a 
prominent  position  in  Jewish  so- 
ciety; was  sent  to  Rome  on  a  dip- 
lomatic errand,  63  A.  D.,  and  was 
introduced  to  the  Empress  Poppsea, 
who  favored  the  Jews;  during  the 
Jewish  revolution,  he  commanded 
in  Galilee,  but  after  the  capture  of 
Jotapata,  he  was  taken  prisoner  by 
the  Romans  and  remained  in  their 
hands  until  the  close  of  the  war; 
was  present  in  the  Roman  army  at 
the  destruction  of  Jerusalem  and 
accompanied  Titus  to  Rome,  where 
he  resided  for  the  rest  of  his  life; 
as  long  as  the  Flavian  family  oc- 
cupied the  throne,  he  lived  in  great 
splendor,  but  nothing  is  known  of 
his  life  after  the  death  of  Domitian, 
96  A.  D.,  and  the  date  of  his  own 
death  is  uncertain,  although  it  is 
probable  that  he  was  living  in  103 
A.  D. 

Commands  Jewish  forces,  4,   78; 
spurned  by  the  Jews,  80 

Josetsu  (ca.  1390),  a  celebrated  Japa- 
nese painter:  sketch  of,  7,  106 

Joshua,  the  successor  of  Moses  as 
leader  of  the  Israelites:  conquests 
of,  1,  377 

Joshua:  see  Jason 

Joshua  of  Scotland,  The:  see  Robert 
Bruce,  King  of  Scotland 

Josiah,  King  of  Judah,  640-609  B.  C: 
defeated  by  the  Egyptians,  1,  31; 
reign  of,  398 

Josiah  of  his  Country,  or  of  England, 


The:  see  Edward  VI,  King  of  Eng- 
land 

Jotapata,  Galilee:  siege  of  (67  A.  D.), 
1,  411 

Joubert,  Barthelemy  Catherine  (1769- 
1799),  a  French  general:  put  at  the 
head  of  the  army  of  Italy,  10,  405; 
death  of,  408 

Jourdan,  Camille:  see  Jordan,  Camille 

Jourdan,  Count  Jean  Baptiste  (1762- 
1833),  French  marshal:  his  cam- 
paign against  the  allied  forces,  9, 
287,  10,  373,  18,  357,  360,  362;  made 
marshal  of  the  empire,  322 

Jourdenil  (ca.  1792),  French  revolu- 
tionist: leader  of  the  commune,  10, 
203 

Jovellanos,  Salvador,  president  of 
Paraguay,  1871-1874:  administration 
of,  21,  161 

Jovian  (Flavius  Claudius  Jovianus), 
Emperor  of  Rome,  363-364  A.  D. : 
reign  of,  4,  127 

Joyce,  Comet  George  (17th  century), 
English  soldier:  conducts  Charles  I 
to  Newmarket,  11,  358 

Joyeuse,  Anne,  Viscount  de  (1561- 
1587),  French  marshal:  at  battle  of 
Courtras,  9,  162 

Juafir  (ca.  1780),  Shah  of  Persia: 
reign  of,  5,  355 

Juan  I,  King  of  Aragon,  1387-1395: 
reign  of,  8,  257 

Juan  II  (d.  1479),  King  of  Aragon, 
1458-1479:  marries  Blanche  of  Na- 
varre, 8,  261;  accession  to  throne 
of  Navarre,  263;  accession  to  throne 
of  Aragon,  265 

Juan  I,  King  of  Leon  and  Castile, 
1379-1390:  reign  of,  8,  172;  usurps 
throne,  173;  marries  Beatrix  of  Por- 
tugal, 291;  claims  throne  of  Por- 
tugal, 295 

Juan  II,  King  of  Leon  and  Castile, 
1406-1454;  restores  Mohammed  VII 
to  throne  of  Granada,  8,  118;  aids 
revolt  of  Mohammed  ben  Ismail, 
119;  reign  of,  175;  his  relations  with 
Alfonso  V  of  Aragon,  263;  attempts 
to  restore  peace  between  the  Moors 
and  Duarte  of  Portugal,  309 

Juan  I,  King  of  Navarre,  1425-1479: 
reign  of,  8,  212 


GENERAL    INDEX 


371 


Juan   II,   King  of  Navarre:   see  Juan 

II,  King  of  Aragon 
Juan  (14th  century),  Infante  of  Spain: 

claims    regency,    8,    158;    death    of, 

I",  253 

Juan:  see  also  Jean;  Joam,  Joan, 
Johan,  and  John 

Juan  of  Austria  (b.  1629),  son  of 
Philip  V:  career  of,  8,  380 

Juan  de  Lara,  Don  (early  14th  cen- 
tury), a  Spanish  noble:  claims  re- 
gency of  Alfonso  XI,  8,  158 

Juan  el  Tuerto,  Don  (14th  century),  a 
Spanish  noble:  rebellion  of,  8,  159 

Juan  Manuel,  Don  (14th  century),  a 
Spanish  noble:  becomes  regent  for 
Alfonso  XI,  8,  159;  influence  of, 
285 

Juana  (Joanna)  (I479-I554),  Queen  of 
Castile,  1504,  called  Crazy  Jane: 
reign  of,  8,  t88;  becomes  insane,  13, 
53;  acknowledged  as  queen,  8,  347; 
death  of,  351 

Juana  (16th  century),  daughter  of 
Emperor  Charles  V:  marries  Joam, 
Infante  of  Portugal,  8,  439 

Juana  de  Castro,  Dona  (14th  century)  : 
her  relations  with  Pedro  the  Cruel, 
8,   162 

Juana:  see  also  Joanna 

Juangs  (Patuas),  a  tribe  in  India:  de- 
'  scription  of,  5,  29 

Juarez,  Benito  Pablo  (1806-1872) 
Mexican  soldier  and  statesman:  at 
war  with  the  French,  9,  453;  career 
of,  22,  383;  reelected  president 
(1861),  386;  administration  of,  399; 
reelected  president  (1868),  401;  Lib- 
eral leader  in  Mexico,  24,  875,  877; 
death  of,  22,  402 

Juarez,  Law  of,  law  in  Mexico  abol- 
ishing whole  system  of  class  legis- 
lation (1857),  22,  382 

Juba  (d.  ca.  46  B.  C),  King  of  Nu- 
midia:  raises  siege  of  Utica  (49  B 
C),  3,  342;  fury  of,  355;  death,  359 

Jubiles,  Spain:  massacre  of  (1568),  8 

368 
Jul,  Leo   (ca.   1530),  Swiss  reformer: 
reforms  of,    13,  445;   translates  the 
Bible  into  German,  453 
Judaea,  kingdom  in  Palestine:  Roman 
conquest  of,  4,  77 


Judah,  one  of  the  tribes  of  Israel:  con- 
quest of,  by  Sennacherib,  1,  87;  at- 
tempts to  win  Canaan,  377 

Judas  Maccabaeus,  Jewish  hero,  the 
second  of  the  five  sons  of  Mattathias 
the  Hasmonean:  succeeded  his 
father  as  commander  and  leader  in 
the  struggle  against  Antiochus  Epi- 
phanes;  gained  decisive  battles  at 
Bethhoron  and  Bethzur  over  the 
Syrians;  entered  Jerusalem,  Decem- 
ber 25,  164  B.  C,  and  reconsecrated 
the  temple;  was  defeated  and  slain 
in  battle,  160  B.  C. 

Leads  Jewish  revolt,  1,  406 

Judges,  The,  rulers  of  Israel:  rule  of, 
1,  378 

Judices,  the  two-year  kings  in  Rome: 
power  of,  3,  30 

Judith  (ca.  700  A.  D.),  Holy  Roman 
Empress:  stands  sponsor  for  Har- 
ald  Klak,  16,  25 

Judith  (ca.  820  A.  D.),  daughter  of 
Welf,  Bavarian  count:  marries 
Lewis  the  Pious,  18,  90 

Judith  (ca.  860  A.  D.),  daughter  of 
Charles  the  Bald:  marries  Baldwin, 
Count  of  Flanders,  13,  20 

Juel,  Esger  (ca.  1300),  Archbishop  of 
Lund:  appointment  of,  16,  112 

Juel,  Just,  Danish  ambassador  to  Rus- 
sia,  1710:  in  Russia,  15,  56 

Juel,  Niels  (ca.  1675),  Danish  admiral: 
defeats  the  Swedes,  16,  212 

Jugurtha  (d.  104  B.  C),  King  of  Nu- 
midia:  war  with  Rome,  3,  187;  cap- 
ture and  death,  190 

Juhlke,  Dr.  (19th  century),  German 
explorer  in  Africa:  his  expedition  to 
Africa,  19,  130 

Julia  (39  B.  C.-14  A.  D.),  daughter 
of  Augustus:  marriages  of,  4,  40; 
banished,  42 

Julia  Domna  (d.  217  A.  D.),  wife  of 
Severus,  Roman  Empress:  death,  4, 
104 

Julian  the  Apostate  (Flavius  Claudius 
Julianus)  (331-363  A.  D.),  Emperor 
of  Rome,  361-363  A.  D.:  reign  of,  4, 
127;  invades  Persia,  5,  318;  his 
campaign  in  Gaul,  9,  14;  aids  the 
Salian  Franks,  13,  12 
Julian,    Cardinal    (1398-1444),    Italian 


372 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


cardinal:  in  crusade  against  the 
Turks,  14,  62,  65,  66;  death  of,  68 

Julian,  Count  (ca.  650  A.  D.),  com- 
mander of  Goths:  surrenders  to 
Saracens,  I,  310;  summons  the 
Saracens  to  Spain,  8,  47 

Julian,  George  W.  (19th  century), 
American  politician:  nominated  for 
Vice-President,  24,  621;  joins  lib- 
eral movement,  890 

Julian  Calendar,  the  calendar  bearing 
the  reforms  of  Julius  Caesar,  3,  395 

Julian  Emperors,  Augustus,  Tiberius, 
Caligula,  Claudius,  and  Nero,  Em- 
perors of  Rome:  Greece  under  the, 
2,  S24 

Julian  Laws,  laws  passed  by  Lucius 
Julius  Caesar  granting  citizenship  to 
Italian  communities:  declared  null 
and  void,  3,  312 

Juliana  Maria  of  Brunswick  (ca. 
i75o)>  Queen  of  Denmark  and  Nor- 
way: sketch  of,  16,  239,  241 

Julianus,  Didius  (ca.  200  A.  D.),  a 
Roman  politician:  purchases  throne, 
4,  100 

Juliers,  Prussia:  siege  of  (1610),  9, 
177 

Julius  II,  Pope,  1503-1513:  imprisons 
Caesar  Borgia,  4,  291;  calls  Michael 
Angelo  to  Rome,  297;  requests  aid 
of  Ferdinand  V  of  Spain,  8,  192; 
favors  Spaniards  in  Italy,  9,  133; 
grants  dispensation  for  marriage  of 
Henry  VIII  and  Catharine  of 
Aragon,  11,  231;  joins  Holy 
League,  236;  at  war  with  France, 
13,  421;  his  relations  with  the 
League  of  Cambray,  18,  227;  death 
of,  9,  135 

Julius  III,  Pope,  I550-I555:  at  war 
with  the  Duke  of  Parma,  9,  145; 
grants  absolution  to  Ferdinand  I  for 
the  murder  of  Martinuzzi,  17,  219 

Julius  (ca.  300  A.  D.),  Christian  mar- 
tyr: death  of,  11,  14 

July,  Edict  of  (1561),  granting  am- 
nesty to  French  Protestants  (1561), 
9,    152 

Jumeyd  (ca.  1500),  Persian  ruler: 
power  of,  5,  340 

Jumna,  a  river  of  India:  description 
of,  5,  8 


Jumna  Canal,  The   Old,  India:   built, 

5,  104 

June,  Battle  of  the  First  of:  see  First 
of  June,  Battle  of 

Jung,  Emil  (19th  century),  a  German 
author:  influences  German  coloni- 
zation efforts,  19,  91 

Jungay,    Peru:    battle    of    (1839),    21, 

195 

Junin,  Peru:  battle  of  (1825),  21,  73 

Junot,  Andoche  (1771-1813),  a  French 
general:  his  campaign  in  Portugal, 
8,  527,  9,  332,  10,  474,  11,  562,  15, 
253 

Juntoku,  Emperor  of  Japan,  121 1- 
1222:  plots  against  the  Hojo  fam- 
ily, 7,  71 

Jupiter  Latiaris,  in  Roman  mythol- 
ogy, the  supreme  deity:  worship  of, 

3,  9 
Jurisprudence : 

ARABIA:  Arab  idea  of  equity,  1, 
196,  197;  Mohammed  introduces  be- 
nevolence as  the  foundation  of  jus- 
tice, 215;  the  Koran  the  code  of 
civil  and  criminal  law,  253 
ASSYRIA:  complete  code  (2250 
B.  C),  1,  112 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  municipal 
code  (1300),  17,  95;  provisions  in 
16th  century,  177;  codes  in  18th  cen- 
tury, 260,  270,  289,  303;  code  re- 
modelled (1867),  402,  431 
CHINA:  codification  of  laws 
(1370),  6,  28 

CONGO   FREE  STATE:  civil  law 
extended   (1897),   19,  251 
DENMARK:  code  in  1241,  16,  89 
EGYPT:    in    the    time    of    Ramses 
III   (1200  B.  C),  1,  55,  57;  judicial 
courts  in  the  19th  century,  39 
ENGLAND:  trials  among  the  early 
Britons,  11,  23;  royal  judicial  courts 
(12th  century),  91;  judicial  reforms 
under  Henry  II,  100;  origin  of  ju- 
ries    (1166),    103;    Edward    I's    ad- 
ministration,     145;      weakness      of 
courts,    209;    courts    under    Henry 
VII,     225;     Habeas      Corpus     Act 
(1679),   407;    under   the   Tory  reac- 
tion  (1680),  412;  reform  of  the  pe- 
nal code  (1823),  11,  575 
FRANCE:     systematized     in     13th 


GENERAL    INDEX 


878 


century,  9,  82,  86;  organization  un- 
der Charles  VII,  119;  reforms  under 
Louis  XI,  126;  codification  of  laws 
(1614),  185;  criminal  laws  revised 
(1770),  249;  decrees  of  assemblies 
given  a  constitutional  form  (1791), 
271;  criminal  courts,  10,  6;  under 
the  Assembly,  117;  the  Code  Napo- 
leon, 10,  448,  11,  555;  political  laws 
(1817),  9,  369,  375;  to  indemnify 
dispossessed  emigrants,  383;  liberal 
laws  (1828),  387 

GAUL:  in  the  6th  century  A.  D., 
9,  23,  32 

GERMANY:  penal  code  (570  A. 
D.),  18,  57;  remodeled  (1871),  433 
GREECE:  institutions  of  Lycurgus 
in  Sparta  (800  B.  C),  2,  62,  64; 
laws  of  Draco  at  Athens  (621  B. 
C.)i  100;  Solon's  constitution  at 
Athens  (594  B.  C.)»  104,  105;  first 
formal  constitution  under  Philip  of 
Macedon,  480 

ICELAND:  code  (930  A.  D.),  16, 
299 

INDIA:  under  the  direction  of  the 
Brahmans  (500  B.  C),  5,  49,  71 J  un- 
der English  control,  241 
IRELAND:  ancient  Brehon  law, 
12,  22;  St.  Patrick's  Code  (438  A. 
D.),  29;  penal  code  and  laws  of  re- 
pression, 158,  160,  165;  Emancipa- 
tion Act  (1829),  222 
JAPAN:    court   regulations    (1615), 

7,  131;  codification  of  criminal  law 
(1725),  145;  laws  of  1890,  185,  186 
MEXICO:  under  the  Aztecs,  22,  88 
NETHERLANDS:  laws  systema- 
tized, under  Charles  V,  13,  63;  an- 
cient laws  of  Holland  replaced  by 
Code  Napoleon  (1810),  271 
PERSIA:  religious  and  secular  law, 
5    373 

PORTUGAL:  debtor's  legal  status, 

8,  476 

ROME:  Publilian  law  (473  B.  C), 
3,  43;  code  of  the  Decemvirs  (451 
B.  C.)»  45;  Canuleian  law  (445  B. 
C.)»  47;  concessions  to  the  plebe- 
ians (367  B.  C),  49;  full  citizenship 
given  to  the  colonies  (268  B.  C.),82; 
Gracchan  reforms  (131-121  B.  C.)i 
175,     181;     constitutional     measures 


(98  B.  C),  202;  the  Sullan  laws  (88 
B.  C),  211,  233,  237;  the  monarchy 
(1st  century  B.  C),  394;  under 
Augustus,  4,  32;  system  of  delation 
under  Tiberius,  49;  codification  of 
laws  improved  (1st  century  A.  D.), 
103 

RUSSIA:     severity    of    the     penal 
code  (1720),  15,  71;  revision  of  the 
Code  under  Catharine,  181 
SCOTLAND:    changes    in,    12,    376 
SOUTH   AMERICA:   Brazil  under 
the  Empire  (1824),  21,  171;  reforms 
of  1859  in  Chili,  219;   French  penal 
code  in  Uruguay,  137 
SPAIN:    marriage   laws    under   the 
Visigothic  monarchy,  8,  57 
SWITZERLAND:  legislative  power 
(1874),  13,  570 

TURKEY:  under  Mohammed  II 
(1450),  14,  99;  reform  of  courts  at- 
tempted (1869),  471 
UNITED  STATES:  Blue  Laws  of 
Connecticut,  23,  154;  legal  status 
of  slaves,  24,  584;  penal  code  in 
Alaska  (1899),  20,  306;  Philippine 
Islands,  373 

Jury,  a  certain  number  of  men  selected 
according  to  law,  and  sworn  to  in- 
quire into  or  to  determine  facts  con- 
cerning a  cause  or  an  accusation 
submitted  to  them,  and  to  declare 
the  truth  according  to  the  evidence 
adduced:  origin  of,  11,  104 

Just,  The:  see  Louis  XII  and  Louis 
XIII,  Kings  of  France 

Justice,  The  Mirror  of:  see  Victoria 

Justices  of  the  Peace,  inferior  or  local 
judges:  origin  of,  11,  179 

Justin  of  Nassau  (ca.  1550),  Dutch 
admiral:  aids  in  the  destruction  of 
the  Armada,  13,  154;  his  campaign 
against  the  Spanish,  210 

Justinian  the  Great  (Flavius  Anicius 
Justinianus),  Emperor  of  the  East, 
525-565  A.  D.:  born  at  Tauresium, 
Dardania,  Illyricum,  probably  May 
11,  483  A.  D.;  was  educated  by  Jus- 
tin I,  his  uncle,  whom  he  succeeded; 
was  appointed  commander  of  the 
Asiatic  armies,  520  A.  D.;  married 
Theodora,  an  actress,  525  A.  D.; 
ascended    the    imperial    throne,    527 


374 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


A.  D.;  persecuted  Arians,  Jews,  and 
Pagans;  his  subjects  rose  in  revolt, 
532,  during  which  the  church  of 
St.  Sophia  was  destroyed  by  fire; 
he  rebuilt  the  church  in  beautiful 
style;  under  his  direction,  the  cele- 
brated jurist  Tribonian  revised  the 
Roman  Law  and  published  the 
Codes,  Pandects,  and  Institutions 
of  Justinian;  he  also  made  many 
new  laws,  called  Constitutiones 
Novellae;  his  generals,  Belisarius 
and  Narses,  extended  his  dominions 
by   conquest;   promoted   the   indus- 


-    tial  arts;  was  the  first  to  bring  the 

manufacture    of    silk    into    Europe; 

died  November  14,  565  A.  D. 
Reign  of,  2,  532,  17,  16,  18,  48 
Justinian,   The   English:   see   Edward 

I,  King  of  England 
Justinian    Code,    a    body    of    Roman 

laws:  compiled,  2,  532 
Justinger,    Konrad    (ca.    1400),    Swiss 

historian:  sketch  of,  13,  427 
Jutes,  a  German  tribe:  land  in  the  Isle 

of  Thanet,  11,  17 
Jutta  (ca.  1250),  Swedish  nun:  Valde- 

mar  marries,  16,  104 


K1 


Kaabeljauws,  a  political  faction  of 
Holland  and  Zealand:  description 
of,  13,  40  note 

Kabayama,  Rear  Admiral  (19th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  naval  officer:  at  bat- 
tle of  Yalu,  7,  266 

Kabilovic,  Milosh:  see  Milosh  Ka- 
bilovic 

Kabir  (ca.  1490),  Hindu  religious  re- 
former: teachings  of,  5,  84 

Kadashman-Kharhe  I,  King  of  Baby- 
lonia, ca.  1450  B.  C:  death  of,  I, 
78 

Kadesh  Barnea,  on  the  southern 
boundary  of  the  East  Jordan  terri- 
tory: headquarters  of  the  wander- 
ing Hebrews,  I,  374 

Kadesia,  Persia:  battle  of  (634  A.  D.), 
5,   322 

Kadijah  (6th  century  A.  D.),  a 
widow  of  Mecca:  marries  Moham- 
med,  1,  206 

Kaffa,  a  part  of  eastern  Africa:  taken 
by  Turks  (1456),  14,  84 

Kaffirs,  pagan  African  natives:  de- 
scription of,  20,  221 

Kaffraria,  South  Africa:  annexed  to 
Cape  Colony,  19,  51 

Kafur,  Malik  (ca.  1305),  a  eunuch 
slave:  campaigns  of,  5,  100 

Kagoshima,  Japan:  battle  of  (1863), 
7,  164;  captured  by  Saigo's  forces 
(1876),  182 

Kagul,  a  river  of  the  Crimea:  battle 
of  (1770),  15,  177 

Kaiekhos:  see  Kakau 

K'aifeng  Fu,  China:  fall  of,  6,  50 

Kai-Khatu  (ca.  1330),  Persian  ruler: 
introduces  paper  notes  into  Persia, 
5,   102;  reign  of,  335 

Kainardji,  Peace  of,  between  Russia 
and  Turkey  (1774):  account  of,  14, 
339,  342,  374 


Kaineifu,  China:  captured  by  the  Jap- 
anese, 7,  118 

Kai-ping,  a  town  in  Manchuria:  bat- 
tle of  (1904),  7,  310 

Kairwan,  North  Africa:  founded,  19, 
11 

Kaiser,  Jakob  (d.  1529),  a  Swiss  Re- 
formed pastor:  death  of,  13,  442 

Kakau,  King  of  Egypt,  4100-4066  B. 
C:  reign  of,  1,  15 

Kakhovski  (ca.  1825),  a  Russian  revo- 
lutionist: in  the  plot  of  the  Deka- 
brists,   15,  273 

Kakoma,  a  German  settlement  in  east 
Africa:  founded,  19,  90 

Kalakaua  (1836-1891),  King  of  Ha- 
waii, 1874-1891:  visits  Japan,  7,  191; 
reign  of,  20,  309 

Kalapos  King,  The:  see  Joseph  II, 
Holy  Roman  Emperor 

Kalb,  Baron  Johann  de  (1721-1780), 
German  soldier  in  American  Conti- 
nental army:  services  of,  23,  269 

Kalidasa,  father  of  Sanskrit  drama: 
sketch  of,  5,  54 

Kalinjar,  India:  siege  of  (1545),  5, 
no 

Kalisch,  capital  of  Kalisch,  Russian 
Poland:  battle  of   (1812),   15,  256 

Kalisch,  Treaty  of,  between  Alexander 
I  of  Russia,  and  Frederick  William 
of  Prussia  (1813),  15,  261 

Kallias,  Treaty  of,  between  Persia  and 
Athens  (449  B.  C),  I,  167 

Kalm,  Peter  (1715-1779),  a  Swedish 
botanist:  predicts  the  Revolution, 
23,  201 

Kalstennius  (19th  century),  a  Swed- 
ish  naturalist:   explorations   of,    16, 

324 
Kamaherero    (ca.    1885),    a    Damara 
chief,     Southwest     Africa:     accepts 
German   protection,   19,    173 


1  For  references  not  found  under  K,    look  under  C 
375 


376 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Kamal,  India:  battle  of  (1738),  5,  353 

Kamarun:  see  Cameron 

Kambyses:  see  Cambyses 

Kamehameha  IV  (1834-1863),  King  of 
Hawaii,  1863-1872:  death  of,  20,  309 

Kamenski,  Count  Michael  Feodor- 
ovitch  (1735-1810),  a  Russian  sol- 
dier: takes  Galatz,  15,  185 

Kamerun:  see  Cameron 

Karnes,  Prince  of  Thebes,  ca.  1580  B. 
C:  at  war  with  the  Hyksos,  1,  21 

Kameyama,  Emperor  of  Japan,  ca. 
1246:  reign  of,  7,  83 

Kamimura,  Admiral  (19th  century), 
Japanese  naval  officer:  defeats  the 
Vladivostok  squadron,  15,  362 

Kaminiets,  Podolia,  Russia:  siege  of 
(1672),  14,  245 

Kamon-no-Kami :  see  Ii  Naosuke 

Kanawha:  see  West  Virginia 

Kandahar,  city  of  southern  Afghanis- 
tan: captured  by  the  Moguls  (1594), 

5,  113;  battle  of   (1880),  258;   siege 
of  (i736-i737)>  352 

Kandhs,  a  mountain  tribe  of  India: 
description  of,  5,  31 

Kane,  Elisha  Kent  (1820-1857),  an 
American  scientist  and  explorer: 
explorations  of,  16,  312 

Kanem,  Sudan,  Africa:  tributary  to 
Wadai,  19,  165 

K'ang  Yuwei  (19th  century),  a  Chi- 
nese statesman:  advocates  reforms, 

6,  275,   276,   290;    reforms   the   civil 
service,  291;  escape  of,  278,  293 

K'anghsi,  Emperor  of  China,  ca. 
1670:  religious  views  of,  6,  39,  62; 
offers  prayer  to  Shangti,  70;  dia- 
mond jubilee  and  death  of,  70;  lit- 
erary works  of,  72 

Kang-wa-seh,  China:  captured  by  the 
Japanese,  7,  268 

K'ang-yi  (19th  century),  a  Chinese 
statesman:  influence  of,  6,  278;  in 
Boxer  movement,  298;  made  grand 
secretary,   302 

Kanishka,  Scythian  king,  ca.  15  B. 
C.-45  A.  D. :  summons  the  Fourth 
Council,  5,  61;  reign  of,  72 

Kanisza,  Hungary:  battle  of  (1601), 
17,  223 

Kannaghunut     Island,     in      Portland 


channel,  Alaska:  awarded  to  United 
States,  24,  1055 

Kannuna-gawamimi:  see  Sui  sei 

Kano  Masanobu  (ca.  1460),  a  Japa- 
nese painter:  sketch  of,  7,  106 

Kano  Oyenosuke  (ca.  1460),  a  Japa- 
nese painter:  sketch  of,  7,  106 

Kanounnami,  The,  a  code  of  Moham- 
medan law  on  ecclesiastical  and 
temporal  subjects,  14,  89 

Kansas,  a  state  of  the  United  States, 
means  "  Smoky  Water "  and  is 
called  the  Garden  of  the  West:  as 
affected  by  Missouri  Compromise, 
23,  456;  part  of  Northwest  Terri- 
tory, 24,  631;  struggle  for,  646;  Mis- 
souri slave  code  adopted,  648;  effect 
of  Dred  Scott  decision,  661;  account 
of  trouble  respecting  slavery,  661; 
opposes  negro  suffrage,  858;  Presi- 
dential election  of  1892,  993;  Presi- 
dential election  of  1900,  1040 

Kansas-Nebraska  Bill,  in  United 
States  history,  a  slavery  compro- 
mise (1854):  main  treatment,  24, 
629;  modifies  Missouri  Compromise, 
660 

Kansu  Ghawri,  Sultan  of  Egypt,  ca. 
1500:  at  war  with  Turkey,  14,  129 

Kanzelparagraph,  in  German  history, 
a  law  forbidding  the  clergy  to  use 
their  position  for  political  purposes 
(1872),  18,  441 

Kaoti,  Emperor  of  China,  ca.  200  B. 
C. :  his  rise  to  power,  6,  12 

Kapar,  Chief  of  the  Libyans,  ca.  1200 
B.  C:  defeated  by  the  Egyptians,  1, 
28 

Kaplan  Ghirai,  Khan  of  the  Crimea, 
ca.  1750:  deposed,  14,  307;  collects 
Tartar  host,  329;  his  campaign 
against  the  Russians,  15,   176 

Kappel,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1531), 
13,  444;  charter  of,  445 

Kappel,  Peaces  of,  concluded  between 
the  Catholic  and  Protestant  states  of 
Switzerland:  (1529),  13,  4435  (iS3l), 
445 

Kapunda  Mines,  South  Australia: 
sketch  of,  20,  195 

Kara  Djehennin:  see  Ibrahim  the 
Devil 


GENERAL    INDEX 


377 


Kara  George:  see  Czerny  George 

Kara  Mustapha  (d.  ca.  1645),  Grand 
Vizier  of  Ibrahim:  account  of,  14, 
226 

Kara  Mustapha  (d.  1683),  Grand  Viz- 
ier of  the  Turkish  Empire:  ac- 
count of,  14,  247;, besieges  Vienna, 
17,   184,  230,  18,  303 

Kara  Theodori  Bey  (ca.  1850),  a 
Turkish  envoy:  at  Berlin  Congress, 

14,  487 

Karafeto:  see  Sakalin 

Karakozov  (ca.  1850),  a  Russian  con- 
spirator: his  attempt  to  assassinate 
the  tsar,  15,  339 

Karamzin,  Nicholas  Mikhailovitch 
(1765-1826),  Russian  author:  ac- 
count of,  15,  195,  269 

Karasi,  Asia  Minor:  conquest  of,  14, 

23 
Karat  (ca.  750  A.  D.),  Prince  of  the 

Slovenes:    becomes    vassal    of    the 

Frankish  monarch,  17,  37 
Karazaridji:  see  Abdul  Hamid 
Kardis,   Peace  of,   concluded  between 

Sweden  and   Russia   (1661),  16,  211 
Karelia,  Finland:  acquired  by  Sweden, 

15,  21;  passes  to  Russia,  65 
Karema,  Africa:  founded,  19,  63 
Karim  (ca.  1800),  Indian  chief:  leads 

Pindari  revolt,  5,  208 
Karkar  (Croer),  Syria:  battle  of  (854 

B.  C.),  1,  80,  84,  123,  390 
Karl  (1804-1873),  Duke  of  Brunswick: 

deposed,  18,  395 
Karl  (VIII)  Knudsson  (d.  1470),  King 

of  Sweden,  1448-1457  and  1467-1470: 

joins    the    popular    cause,    16,    128; 

proclaimed    king,    132;    driven   from 

Sweden,  133;  recall  of,  134 
Karl:  see  also  Charles 
Karl    Gustaf    of   the    Palatinate:    see 

Charles     (X)     Gustavus,     King    of 

Sweden 
Karl  Johan:  see  Charles  X,  King  of 

Sweden 
Karl  Leopold  (18th  century),  Duke  of 

Mecklenburg:     marries     Catherine, 

IS,  92 
Karl     Ludwig     (late     19th     century), 

Archduke     of     Austria:     renounces 

succession  to  throne,  17,  456 


Karl  Philip  (early  17th  century), 
Prince  of  Sweden:  declared  Rus- 
sian heir-presumptive,  16,  173;  Gus- 
tavus Adolphus  champions  the 
claim  of,  177 

Karlmann  (ca.  725  A.  D.),  son  of 
Pippin  I  and  King  of  the  Franks: 
reign  of,  9,  41,  18,  77,  78 

Karlmann  (d.  884  A.  D.),  Frankish 
king:  reign  of,  9,  52,  18,  96 

Karlmann  (ca.  750  A.  D.),  son  of 
Charles  Martel:  career  of,  9,  38,  18, 

75 
Karlovo,  Bulgaria:  destruction  of,  15, 

334 

Karlstad  Agreement,  The,  an  agree- 
ment between  Norway  and  Sweden, 
recognizing  the  independence  of 
Norway   (1906),   16,  287 

Karlstadt,  Fortress  of,  Austria-Hun- 
gary: built,  17,  223 

Karmat  (ca.  900  A.  D.),  an  Arabian 
preacher:  teachings  of,  1,  361 

Karnawu  (Kama),  Arabia:  made  cap- 
ital of  the  kingdom  of  Ma'in,  1,  185 

Karo-la,  Tibet:  battle  of  (1904),  5, 
298 

Kars,  Russia:  sieges  of  (1828),  15, 
281;  (1877),  14,  484,  15,  335 

Karthada:  see  Carthage 

Kasagi,  Mount:  see  Mount  Kasagi 

Kaschan:  see  Kassa 

Kashmir,  Indian  state  under  British 
suzerainty:  conquered  by  the  Mo- 
guls (1587-1592),  5,  113 

Kasim  (ca.  710  A.  D.),  Mohammedan 
ruler:  his  campaign  in  India,  5,  88 

Kass,  Niels  (ca.  1600),  Danish  chan- 
cellor: his  relations  with  Christian 
IV  of  Denmark,  16,  199 

Kassa  (Kaschan),  Austria-Hungary: 
battle  of  (1601),  17,  224 

Kassakovski,  Bishop  (d.  1793),  Rus- 
sian prelate:  death  of,  15,  190 

Kassala,  Africa:  captured  by  the  Ital- 
ians (1894),  19,  208;  restored  to 
Egypt,  248 

Kasshu:  see  Cassites 

Kastemouni,  Turkey:  annexed  by 
Bayezid,  14,  38 

Katerina  (ca.  1660),  Countess  Pala- 
tine,  sister   of   Gustavus   Adolphus: 


378 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


educates  Charles  X  of  Denmark, 
16,  210 

Katerina  Jagellonica  (ca.  1575),  Queen 
of  Sweden:  favors  the  Catholic 
Church,  1 6,  164 

Katherine  or  Katharine:  see  Catha- 
rine or  Catherine 

Katkov,  Michael  (1820-1887),  Russian 
journalist:  policy  of,  15,  341;  death 
of,  344 

Kato  Kiyomasa  (ca.  1600),  Japanese 
soldier:  his  campaign  against 
Korea,  7,  116;  at  battle  of  Sekiga- 
hara,  123 

Katsura,  Viscount,  Japanese  minister: 
made  minister  of  the  navy  (1906), 
7,  220;  made  premier,  230;  his  cam- 
paigns in  the  Chino-Japanese  War, 
267 

Katte,  Hans  Hermann  von  (d.  1740), 
Prussian  military  officer:  career  of, 

18,  327 
Katzbach,  Germany:  battle  of  (1813), 

9,  343,  18,  383 

Kaufmann,  Konstantin  Petrovitch 
(1818-1882),  Russian  general:  his 
campaign  in  Khiva,  5,  256 

Kaulbars,    Alexander,    Baron     (1844- 

),  Russian  general:  his  services 

in  the  Russo-Japanese  War,  7,  312 

Kaundjik,  Turkey:  Turkish  defeat  at 
(1444),   14,  65 

Kaunitz,  Wenzel  Anton,  Prince  von 
(1711-1794),  Austrian  statesman:  at- 
tacks Jacobins,  10,  166  note;  policy 
of,  15,  142;  career  of,  17,  242;  given 
charge  of  foreign  affairs  in  the 
hereditary  provinces,  258;  negotia- 
tions of,  18,  334 

Kavanagh,  Art  Mac  Murrogh  (1357- 
1417),  King  of  Leinster,  1375-1417: 
career  of,  12,  67 

Kavanagh,  Donall  (ca.  1169),  son  of 
Dermot:  joins  the  English  invaders, 
12,  49 

Kavarna,  Bulgaria:  taken  from  Turks 
(1444),  14,  65 

Kawamura  Sumiyoshi  (19th  century). 
Japanese  naval  officer:  attempts  to 
crush  rebellion  of  Saigo,  7,  179,  180 

Kayounhissar  (Baphoeum),  Turkey: 
battle  of  (1301),  14,  17 


Kazan,  Russia:  conquest  of  (1550), 
15,  15;  plundered  by  Pugatchev, 
169;  battle  of  (1774),  170 

Kazars,  The,  tribe  of  Turkish  no- 
mads: border  warfare  of,  15,  6,  7 

Kazimir,  Prince  (ca.  1450),  brother  of 
King  of  Poland:  invades  Bohemia, 

17,  142 

Kearney,  Dennis  (19th  century),  Irish 
labor  agitator  in  California:  leader 
of  Chinese  agitation,  24,  920 

Kearneyism:  see  Kearney,  Dennis 

Kearny,  Philip  (1815-1862),  Amer- 
ican general:  in  the  Mexican  War, 
22,  289;  assembles  volunteers  at 
Leavenworth,  24,  548;  captures 
Santa  Fe,  549;  death  of,  763 

"Kearsarge,"  American  battleship: 
sinks  the  "  Alabama,"  24,  881 

Keble,  John  (1792-1866),  English 
clergyman  and  poet:  publishes  his 
"  Christian  Year,"  11,  611 

Kegushagushu,  Korea:  captured  by 
the  Japanese,  7,  117 

Kehl,    Baden:    taken   by   the    French, 

18,  323 

Keigwin,  Richard  (ca.  1685),  English 

naval   officer:   leads   insurrection   in 

Bombay,  5,  167 
Keiko,    Emperor   of  Japan,  first   cen- 
tury B.  C. :  reign  of,  7,  9 
Keilah,  Israel:  captured  by  David,  1, 

383 
Keishoki:  see  Shokei 
Keith,  James  Francis  Edward  (1696- 

!758),      Scottish     general:     in     the 

Seven  Years'  War,  18,  338 
Keith,     Robert     (ca.     1760),     English 

minister  at  Vienna:  at  Vienna,   15, 

144;   envoy  to   Russia,   148;   quoted, 

152,  156;  retires,  161 
Keller,    General    (1854-1904),    Russian 

soldier:    his    attempt    to    recapture 

Mo-tien-ling  Pass,  15,  361 
Keller,    Augustin     (ca.     1840),    Swiss 

politician:   proposes  the   dissolution 

of  the  religious  houses,  13,  548 
Keller,    Ferdinand,    Swiss   antiquarian 

of     19th     century:     sketch     of,     13, 

584 
Keller,  Gottfried,  Swiss  poet  of  19th 

century:  sketch  of,  13,  584 


GENERAL    INDEX 


379 


Keller,  Heinrich  (ca.  1810),  Swiss 
geographer:  publishes  his  maps,  13, 
521 

Keller,  Ludwig  (ca.  1830),  Swiss  re- 
former: joins  moyement  for  revi- 
sion   of   the    confederation,    13,   539 

Kellermann,  Frangois  Christophe 
(1735-1820),  French  marshal:  his 
campaigns  in  the  Franco-Austrian 
War,  9,  276,  18,  356;  at  battle  of 
Waterloo,  363 

Kellin,  Colonel  (ca.  1710),  Russian  of- 
ficer: defends  Poltava,  15,  51 

Kellogg,     William     Pitt     (1831 ), 

American  politician:  in  contest  for 
governorship,  34,  872  note;  in- 
dictment of,  937 

Kells,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1397),  12,  68 

Kelly,  James  Graves  (ca.  1898),  Brit- 
ish soldier  in  India:  his  campaign 
for  the  relief  of  Chitral,  5,  278 

Kemal  Reis  (ca.  1500),  a  Turkish  ad- 
miral: sketch  of,  14,  113 

Kernel  Pasha  Zade  (ca.  1500),  Turk- 
ish jurist:  favored  by  Selim  I,  14, 
119 

Kemenyi,  John  (ca.  1650),  Prince  of 
Transylvania:  reign  of,  17,  228 

Kemp  (ca.  1800),  an  Arctic  explorer: 
explorations  of,  16,  334 

Kempen,  Prussia-:  battle  of  (1641),  9, 
194 

Kempf,  Louis  (1841 ),  an  Ameri- 
can admiral:  commands  the  fleet  in 
China,  6,  301 

Kendall,  Amos  (1789-1869),  an  Ameri- 
can politician:  as  Jackson's  literary 
adviser,  23,  485;  quoted  on  exclu- 
sion of  abolition  literature  from  the 
mails,  24,  576 

Kenesaw  Mountain,  Georgia:  battle 
of  (1864),  24,  793;  political  effect  of 
repulse  at,  801 

Kenly,  John  R.  (ca.  1850),  an  Ameri- 
can soldier:  in  the  Mexican  War, 
22.  373 

Kenmure  (d.  1716),  Scottish  noble: 
supports  claims  of  the  Old  Preten- 
der,  12,  362 

Kennebec  River,  Maine:  boundary  of 
grant  to  Gorges  and  Mason,  23,  95 

Kenneth  (I)  MacAlpin  (d.  860  A.  D.), 


King  of  Scotland,  844-860  A.  D.: 
reign  of,  13,  253 

Kennilworth,  castle  of  Simonde  Mont- 
fort:  surrendered  to  Baronial  party, 
II,  138 

Kensington  Martyr,  The:  see  Caro- 
line, wife  of  George  IV  of  England 

Kent,  England:  conquered  by  the 
Jutes,  11,  18;  ravaged  by  William 
the  Conqueror,  67 

Kent,  Edmund,  Earl  of:  see  Plantag- 
enet,  Edmund,  Earl  of  Kent 

Kent,  James  (ca.  1800),  an  American 
jurist:  career  of,  23,  481 

Kentigern,  Saint  (518-603  A.  D.),  pa- 
tron saint  of  Glasgow:  revives  Chris- 
tianity among  the  Welsh,  12,  252 

Kentucky,  a  State  of  the  United 
States,  means  "  dark  and  bloody 
ground "  and  is  called  the  Corn 
Cracker  State:  Scotch-Irish  and 
Germans  settle,  23,  126;  admitted, 
23.  357,  24,  567;  riflemen  of,  at  New 
Orleans,  23,  428;  slave  state,  452; 
opposes  protection,  472;  votes  for 
Clay  as  President,  499;  state  elec- 
tion of  1855,  24,  646;  native  state  of 
Lincoln,  665;  Presidential  election 
of  i860,  683;  Confederates  attempt 
to  win  adhesion  of,  721;  military 
operations  in  (1862),  742;  Bragg's 
plan  for  invading,  773;  opposes  Lin- 
coln's reelection,  802;  Presidential 
election  of  1896,  1018;  Presiden- 
tial election  of  1904,  1072 

Kentucky  and  Virginia  Resolutions  on 
Constitutional  rights  (1798):  pre- 
pared by  Jefferson,  23,  378;  senti- 
ment of  Hartford  convention  com- 
pared to,  432 

Kenyer-Meso,  Transylvania:  battle  of 
(1479),  17,  164 

Keogh,  John  (ca.  1800),  an  Irish  poli- 
tician: leader  of  the  Democratic 
party,  12,  199;  his  efforts  for  Catho- 
lic emancipation,  221 

Keogh,  Matthew  (d.  1798),  an  Irish 
rebel:  death  of,  12,  213 

Kepler,  Johann  (1571-1630),  a  German 
astronomer:  his  relations  with 
Tycho  Brake,  16,  198;  encouraged 
by  Rudolf  II   of  Germany,  18,  263 


380 


THE   HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Keppel,  Augustus,  Viscount  (1725- 
1786),  an  English  admiral:  in  battle 
with  Orvilliers,  9,  254 

Keppel,  Sir  Harry  (ca.  1850),  an  Eng- 
lish naval  officer:  his  attack  on 
native  junks,  6,  161 

Keratry,  Count  Emile  de  (1832  ), 

a  French  politician:  in  the  Franco- 
Prussian  War,  18,  425 

Kerbela,  Asiatic  Turkey:  battle  of,  I, 
249;  siege  of  (1843),  5,  361 

Kerckhoven,  Van  der  (19th  century), 
Dutch  commissioner  to  Africa:  his 
dealings  with  the  Arabs,  19,  121 

Kerguelen,  Yves  Joseph  de  (1745- 
1797).  a  French  navigator:  explora- 
tions of,  16,  332 

Kerim  Khan,  ruler  of  Persia,  1760- 
1779:  reign  of,  5,  355 

Kermian  (ca.  1400),  Turkish  prince: 
reinstated  by  Timur,  14,  52 

Keroualle,  Louise  de:  see  Portsmouth, 
Duchess  of 

Kerr,  George  (ca.  1600),  Scottish  in- 
triguer: leader  of  the  Catholic  party 
in  Scotland,  12,  327 

Kerrl,  Michael  (ca.  1850),  an  Ameri- 
can politician:  Speaker  of  the 
House,  24,  897 

Kersten,  Otto  (ca.  1850),  a  Dutch  ex- 
plorer: explorations  of,  19,  54 

Kertch,  in  the  Crimea:  taken  by  the 
English  (1855),  15,  321 

Kesselring,  Kilian  (ca.  1650),  a  Swiss 
official:  imprisonment  of,  13,  464 

Kesselsdorf,  Germany:  battle  of 
(1745),  18,  331 

Kessler,  John  (ca.  1525),  a  Swiss 
writer:  reforms  of,  13,  439 

Ket,  Robert  (d.  1549),  an  English 
rebel:  rebellion  of,  II,  266 

Ketilmundsson,  Mats  (ca.  1300),  re- 
gent of  Sweden:  persuades  the  peo- 
ple to  accept  Magnus  Smek,  16,  107 

Ketteler,  Baron  Von  (d.  1900),  Ger- 
man minister  to  China:  murdered, 
6,  282,  301,  7,  280;  memorial  tablet 
to,  6,  285 

Kettlesson,  Erik  (ca.  1375),  a  Swed- 
ish leader:  leads  the  Swedish  forces, 
16,  121 

Keulens,   Van    (ca.    1700),   Dutch   ex- 


plorer: aids  geographic  science,  16, 

305 

Kexholm,  Finland:  surrender  of 
(1597),  16,  168 

Key,  Francis  Scott  (1780-1843),  an 
American  poet:  author  of  "Star 
Spangled  Banner,"  23,  427 

Key  of  Russia,  The:  see  Smolensko 

Key  of  the  Mediterranean,  The:  see 
Gibraltar 

Keymis,  Lawrence  (d.  1617),  an  Eng- 
lish explorer:  his  expeditions  to 
South  America,  31,  31 

Keystone  State,  The:  see  Pennsylva- 
nia 

Khabash,  Egyptian  ruler  (ca.  500  B. 
C.) :  rebellion  of,  I,  32 

Khafra  (Khephren),  King  of  Egypt, 
of  the  4th  dynasty:  reign  of,  I,   16 

Khaibar,  Arabia:  siege  of  (628  A.  D.), 
1,  229 

Khaibar  Rifles,  modern  Indian  regi- 
ment: organized,  5,  281 

Khaireddin  Pasha:  see  Barbarossa, 
Khaireddin 

Khalar  Mirza  (ca.  1875),  a  Persian 
commander:  flies  before  English 
forces,  5,  364 

Khalid  (d.  642  A.  D.),  a  Saracen  gen- 
eral: at  battle  of  Mount  Ohud,  1, 
227;  joins  the  standard  of  Moham- 
med, 231;  at  the  battle  of  Muta, 
234;  in  battle  against  Moseilama, 
255;  his  campaigns  in  Persia,  1,  259, 
5,  322;  conquers  Bosra,  1,  269;  brav- 
ery of,  269;  at  battle  of  Aiznadin, 
271;  at  the  battle  of  Yermuk,  281;  at 
the  siege  of  Aleppo,  285;  death  of, 
288 

Khalifa,  Sultan  (ca.  1875),  an  African 
chieftain:  leases  land  to  the  Ger- 
mans, 19,  139;  concludes  treaties 
with  the  English,  185 

Khalil  Pasha  (ca.  1770),  Grand  Vizier 
of  Turkey:  account  of,  14,  329;  his 
campaign  against  the  Russians,  15, 
176 

Khalule,  Elam:  battle  of  (693  B.  C), 
1,88 

Khama,  a  native  chief  of  British 
Bechuanaland,  Africa:  concludes  a 
treaty  with  the   British,   19,  82 


GENERAL    INDEX 


381 


Khan,  Amir  (ca.  1815),  a  Pindaric 
captain,  central  India:  leads  Pin- 
dari  revolt,  5,  208 

Khartoum,  a  city  of  Nubia:  siege  of 
(1884),  1,  40,  11,  635 

Khazars  (Chazars),  a  people  of  cen- 
tral Asia:  converted  to  Judaism,  1, 
416 

Kherrmitzer,  Ivan  Ivanovitch  (1745- 
1784),  Russian  writer:  value  of  his 
work,  15,  192 

Kheops:  see  Khufu 

Khephren:  see  Khafra 

Kheraskov,  Michael  (1733-1806),  a 
Russian  epic  poet:  account  of,  15, 
192 

Khilji  Dynasty,  a  line  of  Afghan  rul- 
ers in  India  (1290-1321):  rules  Del- 
hi, 5,  98 

Khomasbolos,  mythical  King  of  Baby- 
lon: reign  of,  I,  73 

Khorasan,  a  province  of  northeastern 
Persia:  conquered  by  the  Arabs,  1, 
263 

Khotinski  (ca.  1760),  a  Russian 
statesman:  mission  of,  15,  159 

Khozrev  Mirza  (ca.  1830),  son  of 
Abbas  Mirza,  a  Persian  prince:  at 
the  Russian  court,  15,  283 

Khsathrita:  see  Phraortes 

Khu-en-Aten:  see  Amenophis  IV 

Khufu  (Kheops),  King  of  Egypt,  ca. 
2750  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  16 

Khurrem  ("ha  Rossa  "  or  Roxalana), 
wife  of  Suleiman  the  Great  of  Tur- 
key: her  influence  over  Suleiman, 
14,  167 

Khusru  (ca.  1150),  King  of  Ghazni: 
defeated,  5,  94 

Khusru  (I)  Anushirwan,  King  of  Per- 
sia, 531-579  A.  D.:  reign  of,  5,  319 

Khusru  (II)  Parviz,  King  of  Persia, 
591-628  A.  D.;  invades  Egypt,  1,  35; 
reign  of,  5,  320 

Khusru  Khan  (ca.  131 1),  a  low-caste 
Hindu:  usurps  the  throne  of  Delhi, 

5,  101 

Kiaochow,  China:  seized  by  Germany, 

6,  264,  272,  296,  20,  301 
Kibalchich,  N.  (d.  1881),  Russian  con- 
spirator   in    plot    against   Alexander 
II:  execution  of,  15,  339 

Kibi-no-Makibi    (ca.    710    A.    D.),    a 


Japanese  scholar:  scholarship  of,  7, 

34 

Kickapoo  Indians,  a  tribe  of  Ameri- 
can Indians:  belong  to  Algonquian 
stock,  23,  8 

Kidd,  Captain  William  (d.  1701),  a 
renowned  pirate:  account  of,  23, 
106;  death  of,  20,  69 

Kido  Takakotoi  (ca.  1870),  a  Japa- 
nese statesman:  persuades  the  lord 
of  Choshu  to  surrender  his  feudal 
domains  to  the  crown,  7,  174 

Kieff  (Kiev),  a  province  of  south- 
western Russia:  the  Jerusalem  of 
Russia,  6,  18;  adopts  Christianity, 
8;  the  grand  prince  withdraws  from, 
9;  passes  to  the  Lithuanians,  11;  re- 
stored to  Russia,  22;  becomes  the 
seat  of  the  grand  prince,  15,  7 

Kieft,  William  (1600-1647),  Dutch 
governor  of  New  York:  governor- 
ship of,  23,  103;  disputes  with 
Swedes,  108 

Kiel,  Treaty  of,  between  Denmark, 
Sweden  and  Great  Britain  (1814), 
16,  254,  258 

Kiellmansegg,  Count  (19th  century), 
Austrian  statesman:  premier  of 
Austria,  17,  433 

Kiev:  see  Kieff 

Kikin  (d.  1721),  a  Russian  conspira- 
tor: death  of,  15,  76 

Kilah-Sherghat :  see  Asshur 

Kildare,  Garret  Fitzgerald,  Earl  of  (d. 
1513),  an  Irish  nobleman:  made  lord 
lieutenant  of  Ireland,  12,  72,  76,  77; 
supports  claims  of  Lambert  Simnel, 

11,  225;  deprived  of  office,  227;  re- 
appointed lord  lieutenant,  228 

Kildare,  Gerald  Fitzgerald,  Earl  of 
(d.  1583),  Irish  nobleman:  career  of, 

12,  80 

Kildare,  War  of,  an  Irish  uprising  in 
1224,  12,  57 

Kilkenny,  Confederation  of,  a  con- 
federation of  the  two  Catholic  par- 
ties in  Ireland,  the  Old  Irish  and 
the  Old  Anglo-Irish  Catholics 
(1642),  12,  119 

Kilkenny,  Statute  of,  a  statute  passed 
by  the  English  Parliament,  to  keep 
the  English  in  Ireland  apart  from 
the  Irish,  12,  64 


382 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Killiecrankie,  a  pass  in  Perthshire, 
Scotland:  battle  of  (1689),  11,  436, 
12,  352 

Kilwa,  a  seaport  in  German  East  Af- 
rica: founded,  19,   13 

Kimberley,  Cape  Colony,  Africa:  dis- 
covery of  diamonds  at,  19,  275; 
siege  of  (1900),  II,  641,  20,  233 

Kimbolton,  Lord:  see  Montagu,  Ed- 
ward, Earl  of  Manchester 

Kimmerians:  see  Cimmerians 

Kinburn,  a  former  fortress  of  Russia: 
siege  of  (1787),  15,  184 

Kin-chow,  a  town  of  Manchuria:  cap- 
tured by  the  Japanese  (1894),  7, 
268;    (1904),   15,  361 

Kinderhook,  New  York:  birthplace  of 
Van  Buren,  23,  511 

King,  a  title  of  royalty:  origin  of  the 
title  in  England,  II,  23 

King,  The  Black:  see  Henry  III,  Holy 
Roman  Emperor 

King,  The  Citizen:  see  Louis  Philippe, 
King  of  France 

King,  The  Kalapos:  see  Joseph  II, 
Holy  Roman  Emperor 

King,  The  Martyr:  see  Henry  VI, 
King  of  England;  also  Charles  I, 
King  of  England;  also  Louis  XVI, 
King  of  France 

King,  The  Paper:  see  Law,  John 

King,  The  Red:  see  William  (II)  Ru- 
fus,  King  of  England;  also  Otto  II, 
Holy  Roman  Emperor 

King,  The  Sailor:  see  William  IV, 
King  of  England 

King,  The  Seven  Days'  see  Masaniello 

King,  The  Winter:  see  Frederick  V, 
Count  Palatine  and  King  of  Bo- 
hemia 

King,  Rufus  (1755-1827),  an  American 
statesman:  in  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, 23,  323;  member  of  Massa- 
chusetts ratifying  convention,  336; 
in  first  Congress,  343;  candidate  for 
Vice-President  (1800),  403;  candi- 
date for  Vice-President  (1804),  414; 
nominated  for   President,  434 

King,  William  Rufus  (1786-1853),  an 
American  statesman:  nominated  for 
Vice-President,  24,  619 

King   George's   War,   between   Great 


Britain  and  its  American  colonies, 
and  France  and  its  Indian  allies 
(1744-1748):  causes,  23,  163;  treaty 
of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  166;  results,  166 

King  Hob:  see  Bruce,  Robert,  King  of 
Scotland 

King  Hulan:  see  Alfonso  XII,  King 
of  Spain 

King  of  Bourges,  The:  see  Charles 
VII,  King  of  France 

King  of  Fire,  The:  see  Napoleon  (I) 
Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the  French 

King  of  Scotland,  Leper:  see  Bruce, 
Robert,  King  of  Scotland 

King  of  Terror,  The:  see  Robespierre, 
Maximilien  Marie  Isidore 

King  of  the  Barricades:  see  Louis 
Philippe,  King  of  France 

King  of  the  Sea:  see  Edward  III, 
King  of  England 

King  Philip's  War,  between  New 
England  colonists,  and  the  confed- 
erated Indians:  cause  of  (1675- 
1676),  23,  97 

King  Smith:  see  Louis  Philippe,  King 
of  France 

King  William's  War,  between  Great 
Britain  and  France  in  America 
(1689-1697):  cause  of,  23,  157;  bat- 
tles of  Salmon  Falls,  158;  of  York, 
159;  Treaty  of  Ryswick,  159 

Kinglake,  Alexander  William  (1809- 
1891),  an  English  historian:  his 
book  on  the  Crimean  War,  15,  311 

King-Maker,  The:  see  Warwick,  Rich- 
ard Neville,  Earl  of 

King's  Bench,  Court  of,  in  English 
history,  a  court  to  deal  with  crim- 
inal offenses  reserved  for  the  king's 
judgment;  established,   11,  145 

King's  College:  see  Columbia  Univer- 
sity 

King's  Mountain,  South  Carolina:  bat- 
tle of  (1780),  23,  279 

Kings  and  Nations,  The  Battle  of:  see 
Leipsic,  battle  of  (1813) 

Kings  of  England,  Leper:  see  Henry 
III  and  Henry  IV,  Kings  of  Eng- 
land 

Kingston,  Canada:  in  French  claims, 
23,  168;  made  capital  of  Canada 
(1840),  20,   158 


GENERAL    INDEX 


383 


Kiniszy  (ca.  1480),  a  Hungarian  sol- 
dier: heroism  of,  17,  164 

Kino,  Father  (ca.  1680),  Jesuit  priest: 
accompanies  an  expedition  to  Cali- 
fornia, 22,  178 

Kinoshita  Hideyoshi':  see  Toyotomi 
Hideyoshi 

Ki-no-Tsurayuki  (ca.  nth  century), 
Japanese  poet:  compiles  the  "  Ko- 
kinshu,"  7,  43 

Kinsale,  a  small  seaport  of  County 
Cork,  Ireland:  battles  of  (1601),  8, 
375,  12,  101;  (1602),  12,  102 

Kinshun,  General  (ca.  i860),  a  Chinese 
general:  his  campaign  against  the 
rebels  of  central  Asia,  6,  218 

Kinsky,  Count  (ca.  1700),  an  Austrian 
statesman:  minister  to  Turkey,  14, 
268 

Kinsky,  Count  (ca.  1774),  a  Bohemian 
nobleman:  urges  the  development 
of  the  Bohemian  language,  17,  341 

Kirk,  Sir  David  (1596-1655),  a  Scotch 
soldier:  his  campaign  in  Canada,  20, 

83 

Kirk,  Sir  John  (b.  1832),  a  Scotch 
statesman:  his  work  in  Africa,  19, 
55;  his  influence  in  Africa,  84;  sketch 
of,  131;  resignation  of,  136 

Kirke,  Percy  (1646-1691),  an  English 
soldier:  brings  supplies  to  Derry,  12, 

137 

Kirkpatrick,  James  Achilles  (ca.  1805), 
English  resident  at  Haidarabad,  In- 
dia: sketch  of,  5,  202 

Kirkpatrick,  William  (1754-1812), 
Englishman  in  Indian  civil  service: 
military  secretary  for  Wellesley,  5, 
202 

Kirkwood,  Samuel  J.  (ca.  1877), 
American  politician:  member  of  the 
Senate,  24,  916;  in  Garfield's  cabi- 
net, 932  note 

Kirman,  Persia:  siege  of  (1794),  5,  356 

Kisfaludy,  Alexander  (1779-1844), 
Hungarian  poet:  aids  Hungarian 
language,  17,  333;  arouses  the  Hun- 
garian nation,  334;  attempts  to  re- 
vive the  glories  of  Hungary,  337 

Kisfaludy,  Charles  (1788-1830),  Hun- 
garian dramatist  and  novelist:  at- 
tempts to  revive  the  glories  of  Hun- 
gary, 17,  337 


Kish,  Babylon:  battle  of  (701  B.  C), 
I,  87 

Kishen,  China:  career  of,  6,  134,  137 

Kishinev,  Russia:  massacres  at,  15, 
358 

Kistler,  Peter,  mayor  of  Berne,  ca. 
1470:  sketch  of,  13,  413 

Kitabatake  Akiiye  (ca.  1340),  Japa- 
nese officer:  his  campaign  against 
Ashikaga  Takauji,  7,  88 

Kitabatake  Chikafusa  (ca.  1340), 
Japanese  soldier  and  imperialist:  his 
campaign  against  the  Hojo,  7,  90 

Kitabatake  Mitsumasa  (ca.  1390), 
Japanese  insurrectionist:  declares 
war  against  Ashikaga   Yoshimochi, 

7,  93 

K'  itan  Tartars,  tribe  of  Chinese  war- 
riors: description  of,  6,  16 

Kitano-no-Tenjin:  see  Sugawara-no- 
Michizane 

Kitchen  Cabinet,  group  of  American 
politicians:  Jackson's  advisors  so 
named,  23,  485 

Kitchener,  Horatio  Herbert,  Viscount 
Kitchener  (1850 ),  British  sol- 
dier: his  campaign  against  Nubia,  1, 
40;  commander-in-chief  in  India,  5, 
305;  his  campaign  in  the  Soudan,  II, 
638,    19,  266,  272,  20,  233 

Kittanning,  Pennsylvania:  destroyed 
by  English,  23,  184 

Kiuprili,  Hussein  (d.  1702),  Grand 
Vizier  of  Turkey:  account  of,  14, 
264 

Kiuprili,  Nuouman  (ca.  1710),  Grand 
Vizier  of  Turkey:  overthrow  of,  15, 
58 

Kiuprili,  Zade  Mustapha  (d.  1691), 
Grand  Vizier  of  Turkey:  account  of, 
14,  257;  death  of,  261 

Kiuprili  Ahmed  (d.  1676),  Grand 
Vizier  of  Turkey,  1661-1676:  ap- 
pointed, 14,  235;  estimate  of,  246; 
his  campaign  in  Hungary,  17,  228 

Kiuprili  Mohammed  (d.  1661),  Grand 
Vizier  of  Turkey,  1656-1661 :  account 
of,  14,  232 

Kiying  (ca.  1842),  Chinese  official:  at 
Nanking,  6,  141;  at  Canton,  144,  147; 
dismissed  from  office,  156 

Kiyomori,  Taira-no-:  see  Taira-no- 
Kiyomori 


384. 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Kizi-Kermen,  Russia:  siege  of  (1695), 

15,  32 
Kizil-Tepe,  Turkey:  battle  of   (1877), 

15,  335 
Klaazoon,    Vice    Admiral    (ca.    1606), 
Dutch  naval  officer:  bravery  of,  13, 

183 

Klapka,  Gyorgy  (1820-1892),  Hun- 
garian soldier:  surrenders  to  the 
Russians,  17,  372;  enters  Turkish 
service,  419 

Kleber,  Jean  Baptiste  (1753-1800), 
French  soldier:  commands  army  in 
Egypt,  9,  310,  14,  383;  concludes  the 
Convention  of  El-Arisch,  9,  317 

Klingspor,  Count  (ca.  1810),  Russian 
commander  of  Finnish  army:  his 
campaign  against  Russia,  15,  216 

Klissovo,  Russia:  battle  of  (1702),  15, 
80,  16,  216 

Klondike,  the  region  near  the  river 
of  the  same  name  in  Northwest 
Territory,  Canada:  opening  of,  20, 
307;  discovery  of  gold,  24,  1021 

Klopstock,  Friedrich  Gottlieb  (1724- 
1803),  German  poet:  influence  of, 
18,  332,  353,  381 

Klosterseven,  Convention  of,  compact 
between  the  Due  de  Richlieu  and 
the  Duke  of  Cumberland  (1757),  9, 

245 

Klus,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1632), 
13,  404 

Knaerad,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
Denmark  and  Sweden  (1613),  16, 
176 

Kneller,  Sir  Godfrey  (1646-1723),  Ger- 
man English  portrait  painter:  paints 
portrait  of  Peter  the  Great,  15,  35 

Knickerbocker  State,  The:  see  New 
York  State 

Knife,  Sharp:  see  Jackson,  Andrew 

Knight,  a  term  of  chivalry:  introduc- 
tion of  term,  n,  74 

Knight,  The  Raven:  see  Hunyadi, 
John 

Knights  Bachelors  of  England,  sub- 
tenants of  the  barons:  appeal  to 
Prince  Edward,  11,  139 

Knights'  Case,  The  Five,  a  test  case 
during  the  reign  of  Charles  I  (1627), 
11,  323 

Knights'  House:  see  Riddarhus 


Knights   of   Labor,    anarchist    society 

in  Chicago  (1888),  24,  961 
Knights  of  Malta:  see  Malta,  Knights 

of 
Knights   of   St.  John:   see   St.   John, 

Knights  of 
Knipperdolling,    Bernhard    (d.    1536), 

German  Anabaptist:  excesses  of,  16, 

155 

Knockdoe,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1496), 
12,  76 

Knocknanuss,  Ireland:  battle  of 
(1647),  12,   123 

Knorring,  General  (ca.  1800),  Russian 
soldier:  his  campaign  against  the 
Swedes,  15,  216 

Know-Nothing  Party,  an  American 
political  society:  methods,  24,  644; 
decline,  646;  convention  at  Phila- 
delphia (1856),  652 

Knox,  Henry  (1750-1806),  American 
statesman  and  soldier:  estimate  of, 
23,  234;  Secretary  of  War,  344; 
made  major-general,  375 

Knox,  John,  Scottish  reformer,  called 
the  Apostle  of  Presbytery:  born  at 
Gifford,  in  East  Lothian,  Scotland, 
1505;  was  educated  at  the  University 
of  St.  Andrew's;  ordained  priest 
about  1530,  but  renounced  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  religion,  1542;  was 
persecuted  and  retired  to  the  castle 
of  St.  Andrew's;  was  captured  in  the 
siege  of  this  place,  1547;  carried  to 
Rouen  and  confined  in  the  French 
galleys;  released,  1549;  became  chap- 
lain to  Edward  VI,  1551;  retired  to 
the  continent,  when  Mary  ascend- 
ed the  throne;  visited  Scotland, 
1555;  lived  a4:  Geneva  three  years; 
returned  to  Scotland,  1559,  where 
he  became  the  leader  of  the  Refor- 
mation; proposed  a  confession  of 
faith,  which  was  adopted  by  Parlia- 
ment, 1560;  died  at  Edinburgh,  No- 
vember 24,  1572 

Teachings  of,  1 1,  268;  leader  of 
the  Lords  of  the  Congregation,  278; 
sent  to  the  French  galleys,  12,  307; 
leads  reform  movement,  312;  death 
of,  323 

Knoxville,  Tennessee:  battle  of 
(1863),  24,  785 


GENERAL    INDEX 


385 


Knud  (II)  the  Great  (994-1035),  King 
of  Scandinavia  and  Britain:  acces- 
sion of,  11,  59,  60;  reign  of,  16,  31; 
receives  submission  of  Malcolm  II 
of  Scotland,  12,  256;  adds  Norway 
to  his  empire,  16,  56;  his  relations 
with    Conrad    II    of    Germany,    18, 

125 

Knud  (IV),  Saint  (d.  1086),  King  of 
Denmark,  1080-1086:  reign  of,  16, 
71;  death  of,  73 

Knud  V,  King  of  Denmark,  1147-1157: 
his  struggle  for  the  throne,  16,  80 

Knud  VI,  King  of  Denmark,  1182- 
1202:  reign  of,  16,  83;  his  relations 
to  Slesvig,  266 

Knud  (d.  936  A.  D.),  son  of  Gorm 
den  Gamle:  death  of,  16,  28 

Knud  Hlaford  (12th  century),  King  of 
the  Obotrites:  career  of,  16,  76,  266 

Knyphausen  (ca.  1780),  Hessian  sol- 
dier in  America:  at  battle  of 
Brandywine,  23,  259 

Kobun,  Emperor  of  Japan,  ca.  700  A. 
D.:  reign  of,  7,  29 

Kocel  (ca.  860  A.  D.),  Slav  prince: 
sends  young  ecclesiastics  to  Rome, 
17,  32 

Kochubei  (d.  1708),  Russian  conspira- 
tor: death  of,  15,  47 

Kodama,  Baron,  Japanese  governor  of 
Formosa:  becomes  member  of  cabi- 
net, 7,  239 

Kceprihissar,   Turkey:   fall   of    (1300), 

14,  17 
Koh-i-Nur,  the  largest  diamond  in  the 

possession    of    the    British    crown: 

carried  away  by  Nadir  Shah,  5,  354; 

presented  to  Queen  Victoria,  226 
Kohogen  Motonobu  (ca.   1450),  Japa- 
nese painter:  sketch  of,  7,  106 
Kokaku,     Emperor    of    Japan,     1780- 

1817:  reign  of,  7,  149 
Koko,  Emperor  of  Japan,  885-893  A. 

D. :  reign  of,  7,  46 
Kokyoku  (Samei),  Empress  of  Japan, 

642-645   A.   D.   and   655-668   A.    D.: 

reign  of,  7,  20,  25 
Kolaohv/ei,    Japanese    secret    society: 

power  of,  6,  29;  their  motto  adopted 

by  Shih  K'ofa,  55 
Kolbjornsson,  Hans   (ca.   1700),  Nor- 


wegian leader:  defends  Frederiksten, 
16,  223 

Kolbjornsson,  Peder  (ca.  1700),  Nor- 
wegian leader:  defends  Frederik- 
sten, 16,  223 

Kolczey,  Ferencz  (1790-1838),  Hun- 
garian critic  and  poet:  attempts  to 
revive  the  glories  of  Hungary,  17, 
337;  in  the  diet  of  1831,  339 

Kolding,  Denmark:  the  relief  of 
(1849),  16,  271 

Kolin  (Kollin),  Bohemia:  battle  of 
(1757).  9,  245,  17,  244,  18,  335 

Kolk,  Admiral  van  den  (ca.  1875),  a 
Brazilian  patriot:  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  in  provisional  government,  21, 
253 

Kollar,  Jan  (1793-1852),  Bohemian 
poet:  celebrates  the  union  of  Slav 
nations,  17,  341;  belongs  to  the 
Slovaks,  356 

Kollin:  see  Kolin 

Kolokotronis,  Theodoras  (1770-1843), 
a  Greek  patriot:  at  the  siege  of  Tri- 
politza,  2,  544 

Kcloman  (Salamon)  I,  King  of  Hun- 
gary, 1063-1077:  reign  of,  17,  51 

Koloman  II,  King  of  Hungary,  1095- 
11 14:  reign  of,  17,  52 

Kolovrat,  Franz  Anton  (1778-1861), 
Bohemian  minister  of  state:  made 
member  of  council  of  regency,  17, 
345;  named  president  of  the  coun- 
cil, 362 

Komarov  (ca.  1850),  Russian  general: 
his  campaigns  in  Afghanistan,  5, 
265 

Kcmei  (d.  1867),  Emperor  of  Japan: 
reign  of,  7,  158;  death  of,  166 

Komenski  (Comenius),  John  Amos,  a 
Czechic  theologian  and  educator: 
born  in  Moravia,  March  28,  1592; 
studied  theology  at  Herborn  and 
Heidelberg;  became  pastor  of  a  con- 
gregation of  Moravian  Brethren  at 
Fulnek,  1618;  expelled  by  an  imperial 
order  exiling  Protestant  pastors 
from  Bohemia,  162 1;  went  to  Lissa, 
Poland,  where  he  taught  school  and 
wrote  his  "  New  Method  of  Learn- 
ing Languages";  was  invited  to 
England,  1638,  and  to  Sweden,  1642, 


386 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


for  the  purpose  of  improving  their 
methods  of  public  instruction;  re- 
turned to  Lissa,  1648,  and  upon  the 
burning  of  Lissa  by  the  Poles,  he 
retired  to  Amsterdam,  where  many 
of  his  works  were  written;  died  No- 
vember 15,  1670 

Emigrates  from  Moravia,  17,  210 

Komorn,  Hungary:  battle  of  (1849), 
15,  302,  17,  372 

Komura,  Baron  (ca.  1900),  Japanese 
statesman:  his  negotiations  with 
Russia,  6,  312;  appointed  director  of 
Korean  administration,  7,  267;  ap- 
pointed peace  commissioner,  7,  317, 

15,  364 

Komura-Waeber  Memorandum,  agree- 
ment between  Russia  and  Japan 
concerning  Korea  (1896),  7,  296 

Komyo  (ca.  750  A.  D.),  Japanese  con- 
sort: her  devotion  to  Buddhism,  7, 
32 

Komyo,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1336- 
1349:  accession  of,  7,  89 

Kongobu-ji,  Japanese  Buddhist  tem 
pie:  built,  7,  41 

Konieh,  Asia  Minor:  battle  of  (1832), 
9,  403,  14,  434,  15,  290 

Koniggratz,  battle  of:  see  Sadowa, 
battle  of 

Konigsberg,  Prussia:  founded,  17,  72; 
taken  by  the  Russians  (1758),  15, 
148 

Kdnigseck  (ca.  1700),  Austrian  states- 
man: defends  Baturin,  15,  50 

Konigsmarck,  Aurora  (1 670-1 728) 
German  countess:  her  relations  with 
Charles  XII  of  Sweden,  16,  216 

Konigsmark,  Hans  Christ oph  (1600- 
1663),  German  general:  in  the  Thirty 
Years'  War,  17,  212,  18,  293 

Konigsmark,  Otto  Wilhelm  (1639- 
1688),  a  German  general:  his  cam 
paign  in  Germany,  16,  212 

Konin,  Emperor  of  Japan,  770-782  A 
D.:  accession  of,  7,  37 

Koning,  Henry  (ca.  1700),  a  Swed- 
ish official:  organizes  Swedish  East 
India  company,  5,  175 

Koning,  Peter  de  (ca.  1300),  Dutch 
leader:  leads  insurrection  of  Bruges, 
13,  31 


Konishi  Yukinaga  (ca.  1600),  a  Japa- 
nese general:  his  campaign  against 
Korea,  7,  116 

Kono  Hircnaka  (ca.  1880),  Japanese 
statesman:  attempted  reforms  of, 
7,  184 

Kono  Tokama  (ca.  1850),  Japanese 
politician:  forms  a  provisional  court 
in  Kiushu,  7,  182 

Konovnitsin  (ca.  1800),  Russian  gen- 
eral: his  campaign  against  France, 
15,  224 

Konoye,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1142-1156: 
reign  of,  7,  56 

Konstantinos       (1868  ),       crown 

prince  of  Greece:  sketch  of,  2,  548 

Koolhaas,  Gaspard  (ca.  1600),  Dutch 
Calvinist:  excommunicated,   13,   193 

Koperie,  Russia:  occupied  by  the  Rus- 
sians, 15,  44 

Kopp,  Joseph  Eutych  (1 793-1 866), 
Swiss  historian:  denies  the  truth  of 
the  William  Tell  legends,  13,  371 

Koppany  (ca.  1000  A.  D.),  Magyar 
chief:  revolts  of,  17,  47 

Koran,  the  sacred  book  of  the  Mo- 
hammedans: Murad's  vizier  seeks 
guide  from,  14,  35;  as  primary 
source  of  Turkish  law,  89;  teachings 
of,  99,  104,  139 

Korbach,  Germany:  battle  of  (1760), 
9,  246 

Korber,  Dr.  E.  von  (living),  Austrian 
statesman:  made  premier  of  Austria, 
17,  436 

Kordofan,  Sudan,  Africa:  annexed  to 
Egypt,  19,  56 

Korea,  a  peninsular  kingdom  of  east- 
ern Asia:  embassies  to  China,  6,  8; 
outbreak  in,  244;  ex-regent  of,  de- 
ported, 245;  convention  with  China, 
251;  revolution  in,  251;  war  in,  265; 
early  relations  with  Japan,  7,  12, 
134;  conquests  of  China  in,  26;  re- 
fuses to  acknowledge  the  new  gov- 
ernment in  Japan,  178;  adopts  some 
Western  civilization,  194;  Japan  in- 
terests in,  6,  313;  in  Russo-Japanese 
disputes,  6,  310,  7,  275;  the  Chino- 
Japanese  War,  6,  252;  effected  by 
treaty  of  Great  Britain  with  Japan, 
315 


GENERAL    INDEX 


387 


Koribut  (ca.  1400),  Lithuanian  prince: 
career  of,  18,  209 

Korkud  (d.  1513),  a  Turkish  prince: 
intrigues  for  sovereignty,  14,  115; 
slain  by  Selim  I,  121 

Kormend,  Hungary:  battle  of  (1664), 
17,  228 

Korner,  Karl  Theodor  (1791-1813), 
German  poet;  arouses  patriotism 
of  the  people,  17,  295,  305,  18,  381 

Kornilov  (ca.  1850),  Russian  admiral: 
in  the  Crimean  War,  15,  312,  317 

Korsakow  (Korssakoff),  Alexander 
Ivanovitch  Rimskoi  (1753-1840), 
Russian  soldier:  his  campaign  in 
Switzerland,  13,  517 

Kosciusko,  Tadeusz  (1 746-1817),  a 
Polish  patriot:  his  reforms  in  Po- 
land, 14,  362;  account  of,  15,  190, 
384,  18,  358;  released  by  Paul,  15, 
202,  his  services  to  America,  23, 
269 

Koslidje,  Bulgaria:  battle  of  (1774), 
14,  338 

Koslov,  Crimea:  sacked  by  the  Rus- 
sians (1736),  14,  3°S 

Kosovo,  Russia:  battles  of  (1389),  14, 
29,  34;  (1448),  17,  159 

Kossuth,  Louis,  an  Hungarian  orator 
and  statesman:  born  of  a  noble  fami- 
ly at  Monok,  Hungary,  April  27,  1802; 
studied  law  at  Sarospatak,  and  joined 
the  popular  cause  against  the  policy 
of  Austria;  was  a  prisoner,  1837- 
1840;  elected  by  the  national  party 
as  a  member  of  the  Diet,  1847,  and 
distinguished  himself  in  oratory;  be- 
came minister  of  finance  in  the  new 
ministry,  1848;  elected  president  of 
a  committee  of  defense  against  the 
Croatian  insurgents;  chosen  gov- 
ernor, when  the  Hungarians  re- 
nounced their  allegiance  to  the 
House  of  Hapsburg;  he  resigned  his 
office,  August  11,  1849,  and  went 
into  exile;  retired  to  Turkey  and 
was  imprisoned;  was  released  by 
the  intervention  of  England  and 
United  States,  1851,  and  visited 
those  countries;  lived  in  England 
and  later  in  Turin,  Italy,  where  he 
died  March  20,  1894 


Uses  the  Magyar  language  in  his 
"  Gazette  "  of  the  diet,  17,  339;  ar- 
rested, 352;  founds  the  "  Pesth  Ga- 
zette," 353;  elected  to  the  diet  of 
J847,  354;  in  the  Hungarian  insur- 
rection, 15,  300;  made  minister  of 
finance,  17,  368;  presides  over  com- 
mittee of  safety,  370;  made  gov- 
ernor-president of  Hungary,  372; 
takes  refuge  in  Turkey,  14,  443,  IS, 
303,  17,  372;  remains  an  exile,  17, 
399;  sketch  of,  18,  401;  visits  Ameri- 
ca, 24,  640;  death  of,  17,  431 

Kossuth,  Louis,  son  of  preceding  (ca. 
1900),  Hungarian  political  leader: 
leads  opposition  to  Liberals,  17, 
439;  asserts  claims  of  Magyarism, 
441;  leads  opposition  to  the  revision 
of  the  rules  of  order  in  the  Reichs- 
rath,  444;  accepts  universal  suffrage 
as  part  of  his  party's  policy,  447;  in 
Dr.  Wekerle's  ministry,  447 

Koszta,  Martin  (ca.  1850),  Hungarian 
revolutionist:  affair  of,  24,  640 

Kotchi  Bez  (ca.  1600),  Turkish  writer: 
quoted,  14,  189 

Kotishikhin  (ca.  1700),  a  Russian 
writer:  account  of,  15,  70 

Kotzebue,  August  Friedrich  Ferdi- 
nand (1761-1819),  German  dramatist: 
his  relations  with  Paul,  15,  204;  as- 
sassination of,  18,  394 

Kouron,  Guiana:  failure  of,  20,  121 

Koxinga  (d.  1663),  a  Chinese  pirate: 
his  origin  and  rise,  6,  57;  his  name, 
58;  wins  victory  over  the  Man- 
chus,  58;  his  defeat  and  death,  60 

Koya,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  85 

Kozenbo  (ca.  1850),  Japanese  prince: 
rebellion  of,  7,  169 

Kraminski  (ca.  1800),  Russian  gen- 
eral: his  campaign  against  Na- 
poleon, 9,  329 

Krapf,  Johann  Ludwig  (1810-1881), 
German  missionary  to  Africa: 
arouses  an  interest  in  Africa,  19,  59 

Krasnoe,  Russia:  battle  of  (1812),  9, 
341,  15,  250 

Krasovski  (ca.  1800),  Russian  general: 
at  Silistria,  15,  284 

Kray,  Paul,  Baron  of  Krajowa  (i735~ 
1804),    Austrian    general:    his    cam- 


388 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


paign  against  the  French,  9,  316,  17, 

285 
Kresimir,  Peter  (ca.  1000  A.  D.),  King 

of  Dalmatia:  reign  of,  17,  38 
Krilov,  Ivan  Andreivitch   (1768-1844), 

Russian  writer:   sketch  of,   15,  238, 

252 
Krim  Ghirai  (ca.   1750),  Khan  of  the 

Crimea:    devastates    southern    Rus- 
sia, 14,  323 
Krim  Tatars:  see  Tatars 
Kristina     of     Holstein-Gottorp      (ca. 

1600),   Queen  of  Sweden:   marriage 

of,  16,  174 
Krizhanick  (ca.  1700),  Russian  writer: 

account  of,  15,  70 
Krogh  (ca.   1850),  Danish  general:  in 

the  Slesvig-Holstein  War,  16,  272 
Krok     (ca.     700     A.     D.),     Bohemian 

prince:  sketch  of,  17,  29 
Kronstadt,  Russia:  building  of,  15,  45 
Kroonstad     Proclamation,     The,     an- 
nounce   the    annexation    of    Orange 

Free    State    to    the    British    Empire 

(1900),  20,  233 
Kropotkin,   Prince   Peter    (1842 ), 

Russian  geographer:  quoted,  15,  342 
Krotzka,    Hungary:   battle   of   (1739), 

14,  314 

Krudener,  Barbara  Juliane  von  Viet- 
inghoff-Scheel,  Baroness  of  (1766- 
1824),  Russian  mystic:  her  influence 
on  Alexander,  15,  266 

Kriiger,  Stephanus  Johannes  Paulus, 
South  African  statesman,  President 
of  the  South  African  Republic: 
born  at  Colesburg,  Cape  Colony, 
October  10,  1825;  served  in  the  Zulu 
wars  and  fought  against  the  English 
at  Bloomplaats,  1848;  became  sub- 
commandant  of  the  army,  1856, 
commandant,  1861,  and  was  appoint- 
ed head  of  the  provisional  gov- 
ernment, 1881;  elected  president 
of  the  republic,  1883,  1888,  1893, 
and  1898;  declared  war  against 
Great  Britain,  1899,  and  played  a 
prominent  part  in  it;  went  to  Eu- 
rope afterwards;  died  July  14,  1904 
Relations  with  Great  Britain,  11, 
641,  19,  280;  death  of,  283 

Krumpe,  Otto  (1500),  Danish  general: 


commands  the  Danish  army,  16, 
141,  148 

Krushevats,  Servia:  battle  of  (1456), 
17,  160 

Kruze  (ca.  1750),  Russian  admiral: 
defeats  the  Swedes,  15,  188 

Kshattriyas,  one  of  the  Indian  castes: 
rise  of,  5,  43 

Ktesias  (d.  ca.  398  B.  C),  Greek  his- 
torian: source  of  Babylonian  and 
Assyrian  history,  1,  69 

Kublai  Khan  (1216-1294),  Mongol  em- 
peror: extends  the  use  of  paper 
notes,  5,  102;  receives  Marco  Polo, 
6,  19;  invades  and  conquers  China, 
22;  and  Korea,  7,  73;  extent  of  em- 
pire of,  6,  22;  religious  toleration  of, 
23;  defeated  by  the  Japanese,  23; 
death  of,  25 

Kiichelbecker,  Wilhelm  (d.  1840),  a 
Russian  conspirator:  sketch  of,  15, 

273 

Kudo  Suketsun  (ca.  1700),  a  Japanese 
noble,  death  of,  7,  152 

Kudur-Nankhundi  (ca.  2285  B.  C), 
King  of  Elam:  reign  of,  I,  76 

Kufa,  Mesopotamia:  founded,  5,  322 

Kuilenburg,  Count  de  (16th  cen- 
tury), a  Dutch  statesman:  at  the 
Duffle  Conference,  13,  93;  flees  to 
Germany,  103 

Kiikai  (8th  century),  a  Buddhist 
priest:  teachings  of,  7,  41 

Kuki  Yoshitaka  (ca.  1592),  Japanese 
admiral:  commands  fleet  for  inva- 
sion of  Korea,  7,  116 

Ku-Klux-Klan,  an  American  secret 
society  formed  in  the  South  after 
the  Civil  War:  account  of,  24,  868 

Ku-Klux-Klan  Act:  decision  of  Su- 
preme Court  respecting,  24,  873 

Kukuo,  Prince  (ca.  1900),  a  leader  of 
the  Boxer  movement  in  China:  sen- 
tenced, 6,  305 

Kulevtcha,  Russia:  battle  of  (1829), 
14,  428,   15,  285 

Kulil  Sultan  (15th  century),  ruler  of 
Turkestan:  succeeds  Timur,  5,  339 

Kulm,  a  village  in  Bohemia:  battle  of 
(1813),  9,  343,  10,  488,  18,  384 

Kulturkampf,  The,  in  Germany,  the 
name  given  to  the  controversy  over 


GENERAL    INDEX 


389 


the  control  of  educational  and  ec- 
clesiastical appointments  between 
the  government  and  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church:  begun  by  Bismarck 
(1872),  18,  440 

Kumans,  Ugric  tribe  which  invaded 
Hungary:  invasion  of,  14,  4 

Kumamota  Castle,  Japan:  siege  of 
(1876),  7,  180 

Kumara-sambhava,  a  legendary  poem 
of  India:  sketch  of,  5,  53 

Kumarila  (8th  century  A.  D.),  a  Bra- 
ham  priest:   teachings   of,   5,  76,  80 

Kumaso,  a  Japanese  tribe:  rebellions 
of  (ca.  50  B.  C),  7,  95  (ca.  200  A. 
D.),  12 

Kumoi  Tatsuo  (ca.  1868),  a  Japanese 
noble:  plots  against  the  new  gov- 
ernment, 7,  177 

Kund,  Richard  (b.  1852),  a  German 
soldier  and  explorer:  his  campaigns 
in   Africa,   19,    178 

Kunersdorf,  Germany:  battle  of 
(1759),  15,  148,  18,  339 

Kung,  Prince  (d.  1898),  a  Chinese 
statesman:  passed  over  in  succes- 
sion to  the  throne,  6,  155;  in  com- 
mand at  Peking,  182;  opposes  pal- 
ace clique,  186;  effects  a  coup  d'  etat, 
188;  dismissed  and  reinstated,  235; 
again  dismissed,  248;  proposes  edu- 
cational reforms  (1866),  260;  op- 
poses radical  reforms,  290;  death  of, 
276 

Kunimund  (6th  century  A.  D.),  King 
of  the  Gepidae:  death  of,  18,  51 

Kunshan  (Quinsan),  China:  taken  by 
Gordon,  6,  201 

Kunwald,  Brotherhood  of,  a  peaceful 
religous  brotherhood  of  Bohemia: 
rise  of,  17,  145 

Kunzle,  John  (18th  century),  a  Swiss 
letter-carrier:  leads  revolt,  13,  506 

Kuprianov  (ca.  1830),  a  Russian  gen- 
eral: occupies  Pravadi,  15,  284 

Kurakin,  Prince  Alexander  Boriso- 
vitch  (18th  century),  a  favorite  of 
Paul  I  of  Russia:  destroys  Cath- 
erine the  Great's  will,  15,  201 

Kurbski,  Andrew  (16th  century),  a 
Russian  noble:  quoted,  15,  43 

Kuriah  Muriah  Islands,  a  small  group 


of  islands  in  the  Arabian  Sea:  sketch 
of,  5,  19 

Kurigalzu  II,  King  of  Babylonia,  1350 
B.  C:  reign  of,  I,  78 

Kuroda  Kiyotaka,  Count  (19th  cen- 
tury), a  Japanese  statesman:  his 
campaign  against  Saigo,  7,  180; 
made  minister  of  state,  185;  ambas- 
sador to  Korea,  194 

Kuroda  Nagamasa  (17th  century),  a 
Japanese  statesman:  at  battle  of 
Sekigahara,  7,  123 

Kuroki,  Itei  (b.  1845),  a  Japanese  gen- 
eral: his  campaigns  in  the  Russo- 
Japanese  War,  7,  309,  15,  361 

Kuropatkin,  Alexei  Nikolayevitch  (b. 
1848),  a  Russian  soldier:  sent  from 
Switzerland,  13,  589;  in  central 
Asia,  15,  349;  his  services  in  the 
Russo-Japanese  War,  7,  310,  15,  361, 
362;  removed  from  command,  15, 
363 

Kurt  Beg  (16th  century),  Mameluke 
hero:  at  battle  of  Ridania  (1517), 
14,  130;  his  audience  with  Selim  I 
of  Turkey,  131 

Kush-ab,  Persia:  battle  of  (1857),  5, 
363 

Kiissnach,  Memorial  of,  a  memorial 
setting  forth  the  wishes  of  the  popu- 
lation of  Zurich  as  to  governmental 
reforms  (1830),  13,  535 

Kiistrin,  Poland:  siege  of  (1758),  15, 
148 

Kusunoki  Masashige  (14th  century), 
Japanese  soldier:  revolt  of,  7,  85; 
his  campaigns  against  the  Hojo, 
86 

Kusunoki  Masatsura  (14th  century), 
Japanese  soldier:  death  of,  7,  91 

Kutab  Shahi  Dynasty,  a  Mohammedan 
dynasty  of  India:  founded,  5,  106 

Kutab-ud-din  (13th  century),  King  of 
Delhi:  founds  dynasty,  5,  96 

Kutaisov  (18th  century),  Turkish  fa- 
vorite of  Paul  1  of  Russia:  bought 
over  by  Napoleon,  15,  206 

Kutchuk  Kamardii,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty 
between  Russia  and  Turkey  (1774), 
14,  446,  15,  180,  17,  249 

Kuttenberg,  Bohemia:  siege  of  (1307), 
17.  "3 


S90 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Kuttenberg,  Agreement  of,  an  agree- 
ment between  the  Catholics  and  Ul- 
traquists  of  Bohemia  (1485),  17, 
148 

Kutusoff  (Kutusov),  Mikhail  Ilariono- 
vitch  Golenishtcheff,  Prince  of 
Smolensk  (1745-1813),  Russian  field 
marshal:  at  battle  of  Borodino,  9, 
341;  his  campaign  against  France, 
15,  224;  Alexander's  estimate  of,  259 

Kwakiutl  Indians,  a  tribe  on  Vancou- 
ver Island:  social  organization,  23, 

13 

Kwammu  (ca.  794  A.  D.),  Emperor 
of  Japan:  transfers  the  capital  to 
Kyoto,  7,  38 

Kwang  Provinces,  The,  China:  anti- 
Boxer  attitude  in,  6,  278,  279 


Kwang-Chau,  Bay  of,  China:  leased 
to  France,  20,  274 

Kwanghsii  (19th  century),  Emperor  of 
China:  accession  of,  6,  237;  sketch 
of,  289;  forced  to  abdicate,  277, 
294 

Kyaxares  (Uvakhshatara)  (8th  cen- 
tury B.  C),  King  of  Media:  unites 
the  tribes  of  Media,  1,  158;  defeats 
the  Assyrians,  158 

Kyme:  see  Cummae 

Kymry,  The,  the  name  which  the 
Welsh  gave  themselves:  union  of, 
11,  26 

Kyokutei  Bakim  (17th  century),  a 
Chinese  novelist:  sketch  of,  7,  142 

Kyoto,  capital  of  Japan:  made  capital, 
7,  38;  ruined,  99 


La  Barde,  De  (17th  century),  French 
envoy    to    Switzerland:    mission    of, 

13,  477 

Labastida  y  Davalos,  Pelagio  Antonio 
de  (1816-1891),  Mexican  ecclesiastic: 
member  of  provisional  government, 
22,  387 

La  Bastie,  Anthony  de  (d.  1522), 
French  soldier:  made  Warden  of 
the  Border,  12,  301 

Labaume,  French  historian:  in  the 
Russian  campaign,  15,  222,  240,  255 

La  Bedoyere,  Count  Charles  Angeli- 
que  de  (1786-1815),  French  soldier: 
death  of,  9,  368 

La  Berlotta  (ca.  1600),  officer  in  serv- 
ice of  Archduke  Frederick  Henry: 
his  campaign  in  the  Netherlands,  13, 

174 
Labienus,  Titus  (d.  45  B.  C.)»  Roman 

soldier:  with  Caesar  in  Gaul,  3,  302; 

refuses    obedience    to    Caesar,    334; 

executes     all     Caesarian     prisoners, 
.    344;  at  the  Corcyra  council  of  war, 

350;    battle    with    Caesar,    357;    be- 
comes a  pirate,  359 
Labor: 

AFRICA:   source   for   laborers,  20, 

19,  74;  forced  labor  of  natives,  19, 
260,  20,  62;  farming  done  by  slaves, 

20,  220;  present  status,  19,  310,  311 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  laboring 
class  excluded  by  electoral  law 
(1848),  17,  363;  Agricultural  Employ- 
er's and  Workmen's  Act  (1897), 
452;  reforms  (1905),  452 
CHINA:  Chinese  coolies  in  Amer- 
ica, 6,  320;  reservoir  for  laborers, 
20,  20 

EGYPT:   agriculture   under   Amru, 

I,  299 

ENGLAND:    in    early    settlements, 

II,  21;  serfs,  52;  villein-tenants, 
116;  hired  laborers,  163;  Statute  of 
Laborers  passed   (1349),   163;  labor 

391 


of  villeins  abolished,  208;  need  of  re- 
form in  18th  century,  535;  reform 
in  conditions,  575;  regulations  for 
child  labor,  593;  regulations  of  1844, 
603;  slavery  abolished,  20,  239 
FRANCE:  the  corvee,  10,  9;  under 
the  Terror,  271;  diminution  during 
Revolution,  332;  conditions  in  1834, 
9,  404;  strikes  at  Lyons  (1834),  405; 
reforms  under  Second  Republic 
(1848),  435 

GERMANY:      Social      Democratic 
Workingman's    Party,    18,   438;    re- 
forms under  Bismarck,  447 
GREECE:  in  Attica,  2,  103 
INDIA:  among  the  Kandhs,  5,  32, 
33;    absence    of   slaves,    70;    strikes 
(1872),  78;  surplus  of  laborers,  292 
ITALY:  laboring  classes  bear  arms 
for  own  defense,  4,  188 
MEXICO:  slavery,  22,  88 
NETHERLANDS:   strike  of  labor 
party,  13,  310;  rise  of  Labor  Unions, 
3I9>  320 
PORTUGAL:  slavery  abolished,  8, 

473 

ROME:  of  slaves,  3,  38,  49,  50,  160, 
172,  173,  247;  free,  49;  supplanted 
by  slaves,  172;  uprisings  of  slaves, 
187;  of  slaves  in  Gaul,  294;  condi- 
tion of,  during  time  of  Caesar,  381 
RUSSIA:  restrictions  on  child-labor, 
I5»  348;  strikes  of  working  classes, 
352;  improvements  in,  357;  strikes 
frequent,  365 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  African  slave 
labor,  20,  46;  native  Indians  and 
Maroon  negroes,  121;  abolition  of 
slavery  in  Brazil,  20,  75,  21,  249; 
forced  labor  in  Paraguay,  21,  150; 
strikes  of  railway  workmen  in 
Peru,  211 

SPAIN:  slavery  in  ancient  Spain, 
8,  32;  condition  of  slaves,  55;  fac- 
tory strikes   (1881),   516 


393 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


SWITZERLAND:  need  of  im- 
provement in  conditions,  13,  565; 
restrictions  on  child  and  woman  la- 
bor, 570 

TURKEY:  slave  labor,  14,  100 
UNITED  STATES:  women  the  la- 
boring class  among  Indians,  23,  14; 
slaves  in  Carolinas,  76;  slavery  for- 
bidden in  Georgia,  81;  slavery  in- 
troduced into  Georgia,  82;  slavery 
in  Colonies,  127;  rise  of  slavery  con- 
troversy, 24,  561;  slavery  abolished, 
20,  240,  24,  767;  growth  of  organi- 
zations, 24,  917;  labor  agitations  in 
Pennsylvania,  918;  movement 
against  Chinese  coolies,  919;  during 
Cleveland's  administration,  961,  963; 
Labor  party,  966;  Socialist  Labor 
Party,  991;  prevalence  of  strikes 
(1894),  1004;  anthracite  strike  in 
Pennsylvania,  1051;  Department  of 
Labor  created,  1053;  importance  of 
labor  question  since  Civil  War, 
1099;  Philippine  Islands,  20,  386 
WEST  INDIES:  negro  labor,  20, 
72,  74;  abolition  of  slave  labor,  75, 
132;  decline  of  white  labor,  111; 
condition  of  emancipated  slaves,  139 

Labor  Party,  an  American  political 
party:  Presidential  election  1888,  24, 
966 

Laborers,  Statute  of  (1349),  a  statute 
fixing  scale  of  wages  in  England: 
passed,  11,  163 

La  Bourdonnais  (Labourdonnaie), 
Bertrand  Frangois  Mahe  de  (1699- 
I753X  French  admiral:  his  career 
in  India,  9,  240 

Labrador,  peninsula  of  North  Amer- 
ica: becomes  England's  property, 
20,  86;  fishery  rights  secured  by  the 
United  States,  23,  443 

Labuan,  Island  of,  island  in  the  Pa- 
cific: made  a  British  colony,  20, 
254 

Lacave-Laplagne  (ca.  1840),  French 
statesman:  made  minister  of  finance, 
9,  412 

Lacaze  (d.  1793),  French  revolution- 
ist: death  of,  10,  279 

Laccadive  Islands,  group  in  Indian 
Ocean:  description  of,  5,  18,  20, 
253 


Lacedaemon:  see  Sparta 

Lacedaemonius  (5th  century  B.  C), 
Athenian  admiral:  in  the  war  with 
Sparta,  2,  268 

La  Cerda,  John  de  (16th  century), 
Duke  of  Medina-Celi:  made  gov- 
ernor of  the  Netherlands  (1572),  13, 
112 

La  Cerda,  Tomas  Antonio  Manrique 
de,  Marques  de  la  Laguna  (17th 
century),  Spanish  nobleman:  made 
viceroy  of  New  Spain  (1680),  22, 
175 

Lachares  (d.  ca.  279  B.  C),  Tyrant 
of  Athens:   reign   of,  2,   514 

Laches  (5th  century  B.  C),  Athenian 
admiral':  in  the  war  with  Sicily,  2, 
299  ^ 

Laconia,  division  of  Peloponnesus:  ge- 
ography of,  2,  16;  Dorian  state  in 
Peloponnesus,  60;  invaded  by  the 
Thebans,  440;  surrenders  to  Mithra- 
dates,  3,  217 

Laconia  Company,  English  colonizing 
company:   organized,   23,   95 

La  Cosa,  Juan  de  (ca.  1500),  Spanish 
navigator:  discoveries  of,  21,  16; 
with  Columbus  on  his  first  voyage, 
23,  30  note 

Lacoste  (ca.  1790),  French  revolution- 
ist: made  provisional  minister  of 
justice,  10,  176 

Lacroix  (d.  1794),  French  revolution- 
ist: death  of,  9,  288,  10,  294 

Lacy,  Franz  Moritz  von  (1725-1801), 
Austrian  soldier:  in  the  Seven 
Years'  War,  17,  244 

Lacy,  Hugh  de  (d.  1186),  English  sol- 
dier: receives  the  province  of 
Meath,  12,  51 

Lacy,  Hugh  de  (ca.  1200),  son  of  pre- 
ceding: career  in  Ireland,  12,  55; 
his  feud  with  William    Marshal,  57 

Lacy,  Peter  (1678-1751),  Irish-Russian 
general:  his  campaign  in  the  Cri- 
mea, 14,  308,  312,  15,  121;  in  Poland, 
119 

Lade,  island  in  Aegean  Sea:  battle  of, 
2,  137 

Ladies'  Peace:  see  Cambray,  Peace  of 

Ladislaus  (I)  the  Holy,  or  the  Pious 
(1041-1095),  King  of  Hungary, 
1078-1095:  reign  of,  17,  51 


GENERAL    INDEX 


393 


Ladislaus  II,  King  of  Bohemia,  1140- 
1173:  reign  of,  17,  66 

Ladislaus  III,  King  of  Hungary, 
1272-1290:  reign  of,  17,  59 

Ladislaus  IV,  King  of  Poland,  1434- 
1444,  King  of  Hungary,  1440-1444: 
account  of,  14,  61,  62;  reign  of,  15, 
379;  resists  breaking  of  treaty,  14, 
65;  slain  at  Varna,  67 

Ladislaus  (V),  the  Posthumous  (1440- 
1457),  King  of  Hungary  and  of  Bo- 
hemia, 1444-1457:  birth  of,  17,  157; 
reign  of,  142,  159;  death  of,  17,  106, 
18,  215 

Ladislaus  VI,  King  of  Bohemia, 
1471-1516,  King  of  Hungary,  1490- 
1516:  reign  of,  in  Bohemia,  17,  147; 
elected  king  of  Hungary,  149;  reign 
of,  in  Hungary,  166;  death  of,  168 

Ladislaus  (Lancelot),  King  of  Na- 
ples, 1386-1414:  reign  of,  4,  261 

Ladislaus:  see  also  Vladislav 

Ladmirault,  Louis  Rene  Paul  de  (late 
19th  century),  French  general:  in 
the  Franco-Prussian  War,  9,  463 

Ladrone  Islands,  group  of  islands  in 
the  Pacific:  purchased  by  Germany, 
20,  302 

Ladysmith,  South  Africa:  siege  of 
(1900),   11,  641,  20,  233 

Laegaire  (Leary),  King  of  Ireland,  ca. 
430  A.  D. :  reign  of,  12,  26 

Laelius,  Gaius  (ca.  236-ca.  160  B.  C.)» 
Roman  soldier:  accompanies  Scipio 
to  Spain,  3,  126 

Laenas,  Marcus  Popilus,  Roman  con- 
sul, 359,  356,  350,  348  B.  C:  in  the 
war  with  Numantia,  3,  162 

Laevinus,  Publius  Valerius,  Roman 
consul  280  B.  C:  at  battle  of  Siris, 

3,  77 
Lafayette,  Marie  Jean  Paul  Roch 
Yves  Gilbert  Motier,  Marquis  de,  a 
French  soldier  and  statesman:  born 
at  Chateau-Chavagnac,  Auvergne, 
France,  September  6,  1756;  attended 
the  College  du  Plessis;  inherited 
large  estates  on  his  mother's  death, 
1770;  entered  the  guards  and  while 
a  captain  of  dragoons,  1776,  deter- 
mined to  join  the  revolutionists  in 
America;  fitted  out  a  yacht  at  his 
own      expense      and      landed     near 


Georgetown,  S.  C.,  April  24,  1777; 
served  as  major-general,  1777-1783; 
was  wounded  at  Brandywine  and 
fought  with  great  honor  at  Mon- 
mouth; was  in  France,  1779-1780, 
and  induced  the  king  to  send  Ro- 
chambeau  to  the  United  States;  was 
with  Washington  at  Yorktown, 
1781;  returned  to  France  but  visited 
the  United  States,  1784;  advocated 
the  abolition  of  slavery  in  the 
French  colonies;  was  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  of  Notables,  Paris, 
1787;  demanded  the  convocation  of 
the  States-General,  to  which  he  was 
a  deputy,  1789;  became  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  National  Assembly,  com- 
mandant of  Paris,  and  chief  com- 
mander of  the  national  guards, 
which  he  organized,  1789;  founded 
the  Club  des  Feuillants,  1790;  pro- 
tected the  king  and  queen  from  the 
mob  of  October  5  and  6;  command- 
ed the  army  of  Flanders,  1792; 
denounced  the  Jacobins,  from  whom 
he  escaped  to  Flanders  but  was 
imprisoned  for  five  years  by  the 
Austrians  at  Olmiitz;  was  liberated 
by  Napoleon  and  returned  to 
France,  1799;  never  became  a  par- 
tisan of  Napoleon  but  lived  princi- 
pally upon  his  estate  of  La  Grange; 
was  a  member  of  the  French  House 
of  Representatives,  1815,  and  of  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies,  1818;  visited 
the  United  States,  1824-1825;  was 
again  chosen  to  the  Chamber  of 
Deputies,  1827;  took  part  in  the 
Revolution  of  1830;  died  in  Paris, 
May  20,  1834 

Assists  American  colonies,  11, 
517;  at  battle  of  Monmouth,  23, 
263;  his  services  to  America,  269; 
out-manceuvers  Cornwallis,  283; 
elected  vice-president  of  the  na- 
tional assembly,  9,  264,  10,  60;  at 
the  Champ  de  Mars,  9,  268;  his 
campaign  in  Belgium,  273;  ap- 
pointed commander-in-chief  of  the 
citizen  guard,  10,  71;  attempts  to 
quell  bread  riot,  93;  favors  war  with 
England,  118;  at  the  confederation 
of    the    kingdom,    122;    directs    the 


394 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Feuillant  Club,  128;  procures  an 
amnesty  for  those  who  favored  the 
king's  flight,  146;  begins  to  lose  his 
high  reputation,  177;  leads  constitu- 
tional party,  9,  358,  10,  181;  discus- 
sion of  his  accusation,  10,  189;  his 
acquittal,  189;  military  insurrection 
of,  against  the  authors  of  the  10th 
of  August,  199;  arrested  and  con- 
fined at  Magdeburg  and  at  Olmutz, 
10,  200,  17,  283;  his  relation  to  the 
revolution  of  1830,  9,  391 

La  Feuillade,  Count  of  (ca.  1660), 
French  soldier:  at  battle  of  Saint- 
Gothard,  9,  208 

Laffitte,  Jacques  (1767-1844),  French 
statesman  and  banker:  his  relation 
to  the  revolution  of  1830,  9,  391; 
ministry  of,  397 

Lafuente,  Antonio  Gutierrez  de  (b. 
1798),  Peruvian  general:  rebellion 
of,  21,  193;  made  vice-president  of 
Peru,  193;  leads  insurrection  (1835), 
195;  (1842),  196;  forms  a  conspiracy 
against  Vivanco,  198 

La  Galissonniere  (ca.  1790),  French 
statesman:  made  member  of  the 
ministry,  10,  56 

La  Gasca,  Pedro  de  (ca.  1550),  Span- 
ish colonial  statesman:  made  vice- 
roy of  Peru,  21,  27 

Lagos,  Africa:  acquired  by  England, 
19,  49;  German  factory  established 
at,  92;  sketch  of,  20,  257 

La  Grita,  South  America:  battle  of 
(1813),  21,  61 

La  Guayra,  South  America:  occupied 
by  the  revolutionists  (1821),  21,  73; 
blockaded  (1902),  246 

Laharpe,  Frederick  Caesar  (1754-1838), 
Swiss  politician:  career  of,  13,  504, 
507,  15,  266 

La  Hogue,  France:  battle  of  (1692),  9, 
219,  11,  440,  13,  245 

Laibach,  Austria-Hungary:  under  Ro- 
man occupation,  17,  12 

Laibach,  Congress  of,  a  meeting  of 
representatives  from  the  European 
powers  at  which  armed  intervention 
was  decided  on  to  repress  the  Pied- 
montese  and  Neapolitan  revolutions 
(1821),  15,  266 

Laine,   Joseph    Henry    Joachim,    Vis- 


count (1767-1835),  French  orator 
and  statesman:  made  minister  of 
the  interior,  9,  367;  admitted  to  the 
council,  375 

Laing,  Samuel  (1780-1868),  a  Scottish 
author:  sketch  of,  5,  244 

Laing's  Neck,  South  Africa:  battle  of 
(1880),  20,  230 

Laird,  Macgregor  (1808-1861),  Scot- 
tish African  explorer:  leads  African 
movement,  19,  153 

Lajarre  (ca.  1800),  French  statesman: 
made  minister  of  war,  10,  176 

Lake,  Gerard,  Viscount  Lake  (1744- 
1808),  an  English  general:  com- 
mands army  in  Ulster,  12,  207;  his 
campaign  in  India,  5,  136,  201 

Lake  Champlain,  New  York:  campaign 
fails  at,  23,  421;  McDonough's  vic- 
tory on   (1814),  423 

Lake  Erie,  one  of  the  Great  Lakes, 
United  States:  war  of  1812  opera- 
tions on,  23,  423 

Lake  George  (Lake  Sacrament),  New 
York:  battle  of  (i755),  23,  183 

Lake  Maggiore,  Italy:  battle  of  (1636), 
9,  192 

Lake  Nyasa  Region,  South  Africa: 
description  of,  19,  235 

Lake  of  the  Woods,  between  Minne- 
sota and  Canada:  established  as 
boundary,  23,  443 

Lake  Regillus,  Italy:  victory  of,  3, 
62 

Lake  Sacrament:  see  Lake  George 

Lake  State,  The:  see  Michigan 

Lake  Vadimo,   Italy:  battle  of,  3,  75 

Lakeview  Cemetery,  Cleveland,  Ohio: 
Garfield  buried  in,  24,  934 

Lakshman  Sen  (ca.  1200),  King  of 
Bengal:  defeated  by  the  Moham- 
medans, 5,  96 

Lalain,  Count  of  (ca.  1550),  Dutch  gen- 
eral: given  command  of  forces,  13, 
26 

Lalashahin  (ca.  1350),  Turkish  gen- 
eral: commands  Ottoman  forces  at 
Maritza,  14,  30 

Lally,  Thomas  Arthur,  Count  de 
(1700-1766),  French  general:  his 
campaign  in  India,  9,  246,  II,  502, 
20,   119 

Lally-Tollendal,      Trophime      Gerard, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


395 


Marquis  of  (1751-1830),  French  ora- 
tor and  writer:  urges  nobles  to  re- 
sume their  seats  in  the  assembly,  9, 
203;  pleads  for  Necker,  10,  59;  fa- 
vors the  English  constitution,  80; 
desires  the  creation' of  a  senate,  87; 
deserts  the  assembly,  101;  sketch 
of,  101  note 

Lamachus  (470-414  B.  C),  an  Athe- 
nian general:  in  the  expedition  to 
Sicily,  2,  329;  his  plans  of  Sicily, 
333;  killed  at  Syracuse,  338 

La  Mar,  Jose  (1778-1830),  South 
American  soldier:  his  campaign 
against  Colombia,  21,  82;  made 
president  of  Peru,  192 

Lamar,  Lucius  Quintus  Cincinnatus 
(1825-1893),  an  American  statesman: 
member  of  the  Senate,  24,  916;  his 
tribute  to  Senator  Sumner,  916;  af- 
fronts Conkling  in  Senate,  927  note; 
influence  over  Democratic  Party, 
941;  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  950 
note 

La  Mar,  Manuel  (ca.  1850),  a  Peru- 
vian patriot:  leads  the  Opposition 
party,  21,  201 

Lamar,  Mirabeau  Buonaparte  (1798- 
1859),  an  American  statesman:  vice- 
president  of  Texas,  24,  539 

La  Marche,  Olivier  de  (1426-1501),  a 
Burgundian  poet  and  chronicler: 
sketch  of,  13,  62 

La  Marmora,  Alphonse  Ferrero  (1804- 
1878),  Italian  general  and  states- 
man: in  the  Crimean  War,  14,  458 

Lamarque,  Maximilien,  Count  (1770- 
1832),  a  French  general:  his  cam- 
paign in  the  Vendee,  9,  361;  funeral 
of,  402 

Lamartine,  Alphonse  Marie  Louise 
(1790-1869),  French  orator,  poet,  and 
historian:  opposes  Guizot's  foreign 
policy,  9,  430;  member  of  the  pro- 
visional  government,  435 

Lamas,  Diego  (ca.  1850),  South  Amer- 
ican patriot:  defeated  by  Flores,  21, 
142 

Lamb,  Andrew  (ca.  1600),  Scottish 
bishop:  consecrated,  12,  332 

Lamb,  William,  Viscount  Melbourne: 
see  Melbourne,  William  Lamb,  Vis- 
count 


Lamballe,  Marie  Therese  Louise  de 
Savoie-Carignan  de  (1 749-1 792),  a 
French  princess:  death  of,  9,  276 

Lamberg  (d.  1848),  Hungarian  count: 
murder  of,  17,  370 

Lambert  II  (ca.  900  A  D.),  Count  of 
Louvain:  claims  duchy  of  Lower 
Lorraine,  13,  22 

Lambert  (ca.  1850),  Russian  general: 
in  Poland,  15,  326 

Lambert,  John  (d.  1538),  English  mar- 
tyr: death  of,  11,  259 

Lamberton,  William  (ca.  1300),  Bishop 
of  St.  Andrews:  swears  allegiance 
to  Robert  Bruce,  12,  277 

Lambesc,  Prince  de  (ca.  1775),  French 
general:  attempts  to  quell  insurrec- 
tion in  Paris,  10,  57 

Lambro  Canzani  (ca.  1800),  Greek  pa- 
triot: account  of,  14,  358 

Lambton,  John  George,  Earl  of  Dun- 
ham: see  Dunham,  John  George 
Lambton,  Earl  of 

Lamego,  Portugal:  siege  of  (1057),  8, 
142 

La  Meilleraye,  Charles  de  la  Porte  (d. 
1664),  a  French  marshal:  his  cam- 
paigns in  the  Thirty  Years'  War,  9, 
194 

Lameth,  Alexander  Theodore  Victor, 
Count  ( 1 760-1829),  a  French  revo- 
lutionist: elected  member  of  the 
States-General,  10,  39;  leader  of  the 
national  party,  81;  directs  the  Jaco- 
bin Club,  128 

Lameths,  The,  a  French  Revolution- 
ary party:  joins  with  the  Center  to 
reestablish  the  king,   10,   139 

Lamian  War,  The,  between  Athens 
and  Macedonia  (323-322  B.  C.)#  z> 
S12 

Lamoignon,  Chretien  Francois  (1735- 
1789),  a  French  judge:  keeper  of 
the  seals,  9,  258;  policy  of,  10,  35 

Lamont,  Daniel  Scott  (1851 ),  an 

American  official:  Secretary  of  War, 

24,  993 

Lamoriciere,  Christophe  Leon  Louis 
Juchault  de  (1806-1865),  a  French 
general:  takes  command  of  Papal 
forces,  4,  381;  his  campaign  in  Al- 
giers, 9,  429;  arrest  of,  441 

Lampadius    (ca.   400   A.    D.),    Roman 


396 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


leader:  made  captain  of  the  praeto- 
rians, 4,  141 

Lamponius  (ca.  100  B.  C.)>  Italian 
commander:  in  the  war  with  Sulla, 
3,  227 

Lampsacus,  Asia  Minor:  Lysander  at, 
2,  375 

Lamsdorf,  Count  Vladimir  Nikolai- 
vitch  (1845 ),  Russian  states- 
man: appointed  minister  of  foreign 
affairs,  15,  354 

Lan,  Duke  (ca.  1900),  Chinese  poli- 
tician: sentenced  to  banishment,  6, 
285 

Lancaster,  Pennsylvania:  congress 
meets  at,  23,  262 

Lancaster,  James  (d.  1618),  an  Eng- 
lish navigator:  visits  India,  5,  157; 
establishes  commercial  relations 
with  Indian  kings,  159 

Lancaster,  John  of  (ca.  1700),  Brazil- 
ian governor:  administration  of,  20, 
105 

Lancaster,  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of: 
see  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lan- 
caster 

Lancaster,  Thomas,  Earl  of  (d.  1322), 
an  English  baron:  leads  baronial 
opposition  to  Edward  II,  II,  153; 
defeated  at  Boroughbridge,  154; 
death  of,  154 

Lancaster,  Treaty  of,  concluded  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  the  Iro- 
quois Indians  (1744),  23,  168,  170 

Land  Acts,  Irish,  Acts  passed  by  the 
British  Parliament  for  the  settle- 
ment of  the  land  question  in  Ire- 
land: (1870),  12,  238  note;  (1881), 
11,  633;  (1896),  637 

Land  Laws  and  Tenures: 

AFRICA:   plantations,    19,   83;   the 
emigrants,    20,    62;    grants    to    the 
Boers,  109;  among  the  Boers,  219 
AUSTRALIA:    the    squatters,    20, 
185;  public  lands,  190 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  among  the 
Magyars,   17,  45;  conditions  among 
peasants   under   Maria  Teresa,  259; 
conditions  in  Hungary  (1833),  339 
ENGLAND:     under     William     the 
Conqueror,  11,  74,  75,  79,  80;  under 
Henry   VI,   208,   209;    18th    century, 


532;  bill  relating  to  freeholders  in 
Ireland,  585;  encumbered  estates  act 
for  Ireland,  607;  Irish  Land  Acts 
(1870),  625;  (1881),  633;  laws  for  Ire- 
land, 636 

FRANCE:  feudal  tenures,  9,  63,  10, 
21;    under    Philip    Augustus,    9,    79; 
results  of  Revolution,  10,  425 
GERMANY:    under    Merovingians, 
18,    67;    under    Charles    the    Great, 
87;   under   Hohenstaufens,    176 
GREECE:  tenures  in  Attica,  2,  103; 
regulated  by   Solon,   104,   105 
INDIA:  among  the  hills,  5,  23;  Ben- 
gal Tenancy  Act  (1859),  244;  Bengal 
and    Oudh    Rent   Acts    (1885),   261; 
Land  Alienation  Act,  282 
IRELAND:    in    ancient    times,    12, 
21;  under  Edward  VI  and  Mary,  92; 
17th  century,  109;  under  penal  code, 
164;     Middlemen,     174;     Gladstone's 
bill    of    1868,    239;    see    also    ENG- 
LAND 

ITALY:  land  tax  remitted  to  soil 
of  Italy,  4,  37 

JAPAN:  in  the  Hei-an  epoch,  7,  49, 
50;  under  the  Edo  government,  131, 
144,  145,  150;  reforms,  175,  176;  un- 
der new  regime,  223,  224 
MEXICO:  grants  to  settlers,  22,  68 
ROME:  among  the  clans,  3,  13;  in 
Regal  period,  21,  28;  original  tenure, 
37;  changes  in,  38;  reforms  under 
Cassius,  43;  reforms  under  Licinius 
and  Sextius,  49,  175;  under  Flamin- 
ius,  159;  need  of  reform,  173;  under 
Gracchi,  177;  public  lands,  186;  Ser- 
vilian  rogation,  281;  reforms  of 
Caesar,  387 

RUSSIA:  land  tax  for  Poles  remit- 
ted, 15,  348 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  feudal  grants 
in  Brazil,  20,  48;  among  the  colo- 
nists, 21,  49 

SWITZERLAND:  of  the  peasants, 
13,  469 

TURKEY:  in  conquered  lands,  14, 
94 

UNITED  STATES:  in  the  Caroli- 
nas,  20,  109;  public  lands,  191;  in 
Virginia,  23,  37;  feudal  system  in 
Maryland,   69;   in   Georgia,  80;   pri- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


397 


vate  holdings  in  Plymouth  Colony, 
86;  in  New  Amsterdam,  102;  under 
Penn,    in 

WEST  INDIES:  grants  to  bucca- 
neers, 20,  69;  plantations,  245 

Land  of  Steady  Habits:  see  Connecti- 
cut 

Land  Tax  Bill,  a  law  passed  by  the 
Japanese  government  increasing  the 
land  tax  (1898),  7,  225 

Landais  (d.  1485),  favorite  of  Duke 
Francis  II  of  Brittany:  influence 
of,  9,  127;  death  of,   128 

Landen:   see   Neerwindon 

Lander,  John  (ca.  i860),  an  English 
explorer:   explorations   of,   19,   50 

Landfrieden:  see  Perpetual  National 
Peace 

Landlord  and  Tenants:  relations  be- 
tween, in  early  Rome,  3,  38 

Lando,  Conrad  (ca.  1350),  Italian  ban- 
ditti: leader  of  band  of  robbers,  4, 
252 

Lando,  Michel  di  (14th  century),  a 
Florentine  wool-comber:  made  sig- 
nor  of  Florence,  4,  234 

Landrecies,  France:  siege  of  (1794) 
9.  289 

Landriano,  Italy:  battle  of  (1528),  9 
141 

Landshut,  capital  of  Lower  Bavaria 
Bavaria:  battle  of  (1760),  18,  340; 
taken  by  Napoleon  (1809),  17,  298 

Landsknechte,  German  troops  which 
would  hire  themselves  to  whoever 
would  pay  for  them:  rise  of,  18 
229 

Lane,  Joseph  (1801-1881),  an  Amer- 
ican soldier  and  politician:  in  the 
Mexican  War,  22,  372;  nominated 
for  Vice-President  (i860),  24,  682 

Lane,  Sir  Ralph  (d.  1603),  an  English 
adventurer:  governor  of  Roanoke 
Island  colony,  23,  53 

Lanfranc  (ca.  1005-1089),  Abbot  of  Bee 
(afterward  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury) :  confidant  of  William  the 
Conqueror,  11,  62;  made  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  76;  death  of, 
84 

Langdon,  John  (ca.  1790),  an  Amer- 
ican statesman:  in  first  Congress, 
33.  342 


Lange,  Villum  (ca.  1660),  a  Danish 
scholar:  at  the  diet  of  Copenhagen, 
16,  232 

Langenburg,  Prince  Hohenlohe  (ca. 
i860),  a  German  nobleman:  founds 
the  German  Colonial  Society,  19, 
129 

Langensalza,  Prussia:  battle  of 
(1866),  18,  410 

Langiewicz,  Marian  (1827-1887),  a 
Polish  insurgent  leader:  in  the 
Polish  insurrection,  15,  328 

Langland,  William  (ca.  1330-ca.  1400), 
an  English  poet:  his  "Vision  of 
Piers  the  Plowman,"  11,  169 

Langside,   Scotland:   battle  of   (1568), 

12,  319 

Langton,  Stephen  (d.  1228),  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury:  elected  arch- 
bishop, 11,  123;  leads  barons  against 
king,  125;  presents  demands  of  ba- 
rons to  John,  126 

Language  Decrees,  decrees  issued  by 
Austria-Hungary  putting  the  Czech 
language  on  an  equal  footing  with 
the  German  in  Bohemia  and  Mora- 
via (1897),  17,  434 

Lanier,  Sidney  (1842-1881),  an  Amer- 
ican poet  and  critic:  at  the  opening 
of    the    Centennial    Exposition,    24, 

903 

Lanjuinais,  Jean  Denis,  Count  (1753- 
1827),  a  French  politician:  pleads 
for  Louis  XVI's  life,  9,  281;  incites 
insurrection  in  the  departments,  284; 
opposes  Napoleon,  319;  leads  Con- 
stitutional party,  358 

Lannes,  Jean,  Due  de  Montebello, 
(1769-1809),  French  marshal:  made 
marshal  of  the  empire,  9,  322;  at 
battle  of  Pultusk,  329;  at  the  battle 
of  Esslingen,  17,  298 

Lannoy,  Count  de  (ca.  1560),  a  Dutch 
noble:    at   the  battle   of  Osterweel, 

13,  102 

La  Noue,  France:  battle  of  (1589),  9, 

165 
La  Noue,  Frangois  de,  surnamed  Bra3 

de  Fer  (1531-1591),  French  Huguenot 

general:  taken  prisoner,  13,  136 
Lansdowne,     Henry     Charles     Keith 

Petty-Fitzmaurice,    Marquis    of    (b. 

1845),    an     English    statesman:    his 


398 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


governor-generalship  of  India,  5, 
268 

Lanuvium,  in  ancient  times  a  town  of 
Latium,  Italy:  war  with  Rome,  3, 
64;  loses  its  independence,  67 

Lanuza,  Juan  de  (ca.  1520),  a  Spanish 
noble:  made  regent  of  Aragon,  8, 
346;  puts  down  rebellion  against 
Charles,  348 

Lao  Tsze  (b.  ca.  604  B.  C),  a  Chinese 
philosopher:  founder  of  Taoism,  6, 
10 

Laon,  the  capital  of  Aisne,  France: 
battle  of  (1814),  9,  347,  15,  262 

Laos,  a  race  of  Farther  India,  north- 
east of  Siam:  under  French  rule,  20, 

273 

La  Paz,  western  Bolivia,  on  the  Peru- 
vian frontier:  rebels  against  Spanish 
authority  (1809),  31,  58;  insurrec- 
tion in  (1861),  188;  defies  Melgarejo 
(1865),  190;  insurrection  in  (1875), 
191 

La  Paz,  Treaty  of,  between  Chili  and 
Bolivia  (1873),  21,  227 

La  Perouse,  Jean  Frangois  de  Galaup, 
Comte  de  (1741-1788),  French  ex- 
plorer: voyages  of,  20,  129 

La  Plata  River:  see  Rio  de  la  Plata 

Lapps,  branch  of  the  Finnic  race:  pro- 
genitors of  the  modern,  16,  6;  driven 
out  by  the  Goths,  35 

La  Puerta,  Venezuela:  battle  of  (1814), 
Mi    63 

La  Puerta  (ca.  1879),  a  Peruvian  gen- 
eral: acting  president  of  Peru,  31, 
236 

La  Ravardiere,  Daniel  de  la  Tousche, 
Sieur  de  (ca.  1570-ca.  1631),  French 
soldier:  organizes  a  maritime  com- 
pany, 31,  32 

Larcay,  Chili:  battle  of  (1829),  31, 
216 

La  Reveillere-Lepeaux,  Louis  Marie 
I755-i824),  French  Revolutionist: 
appointed  member  of  the  directory, 
9,  296,  10,  361;  endeavors  to  estab- 
lish the  deistical  religion,  10,  372; 
attacked  by  the  councils,  404;  re- 
signs  the   directorial   authority,  404 

Largos,  Portugal:  battle  of  (1759),  1 1, 
501 


Largs,  Scotland:  battle  of  (ca.  1261), 
16,  100 

La  Rioja,  a  province  of  Brazil:  insur- 
rections in  (1867),  31,  132 

Larissa,  Thessaly,  Greece:  invite  aid 
of  Macedonians,  2,  444;  taken  by 
Pelopidas,  444;  appeals  to  Philip, 
461;  in  modern  Greece,  548;  battle 
of  (171  B.  C),  3,  149 

La  Rochefoucauld-Liancourt,  Fran- 
gois  Alexandre  Frederic,  Duke  de 
(1747-1827),  French  philanthropist 
and  politician:  pleads  for  the  Con- 
stitution, 10,  59;  directs  the  Feuil- 
lant  Club,  128 

La  Roche jacquelin,  Henry  du  Verger, 
Count  de  (1 772-1 794),  French  Ven- 
dean  leader:  supports  insurrection 
in  the  Vendee,  9,  283 

La  Rossa:  see  Khurrem 

La  Rothiere,  France:  battle  of  (1814), 

9,  345 
La  Rotta,   Piedmont,   Italy:  battle  of 

(1639),  9,  193 

Lars  Porsena  (ca.  500  B.  C),  an 
Etruscan  chief:  conquers  Rome,  3, 
56 

Lars  Tolumnius,  King  of  Veii,  ca.  425 
B.  C:  at  war  against  Rome,  3,  58 

La  Salle,  Marquis  de  (ca.  1790),  a 
French  revolutionist:  made  second 
in  command  of  militia,  10,  62 

La  Salle,  Rene  Robert  Cavelier,  Sieur 
de,  French  explorer:  born  at  Rouen, 
France,  November  30,  1643;  was  ed- 
ucated by  the  Jesuits;  went  to 
Canada,  1666;  set  out,  1669,  in  search 
of  a  waterway  which  would  lead 
to  the  South  Sea  and  offer  a  route 
to  China;  discovered  the  Ohio 
River;  visited  France,  1674,  and  was 
ennobled;  explored  the  Great  Lakes 
and  attempted  to  colonize  their 
shores,  1679;  descended  the  Illinois 
and  the  Mississippi  and  reached  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  April  9,  1682,  and 
named  the  region  Louisiana;  en- 
deavored to  plant  a  colony  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  1684,  but 
failed  to  reach  this  point  and  landed 
on  the  coast  of  Texas,  probably  in 
the     neighborhood     of     Matagorda 


GENERAL    INDEX 


399 


Bay,  where  he  built  a  fort;  was  on 
his  way  to  Canada  to  obtain  pro- 
visions for  this  colony  when  he  was 
assassinated  by  some  of  his  dissatis- 
fied companions  near  the  Trinity 
River,  March  20,  1687 

Explorations  of,  20,  85,  23,  51 

Las  Amarillas,  Augustin  Ahumada, 
Marques  de  (ca.  1750),  Spanish 
statesman:  his  administration  as 
viceroy  of  New  Spain,  22,  199 

Las  Casas,  Bartolome  de  (1474-1566), 
Spanish  Dominican  priest,  Bishop  of 
Chiapa:  introduces  slavery  into 
South  America,  21,  44;  aids  natives 
in  Mexico,  20,  45 

Las  Casas,  Francisco  de  (ca.  1525),  a 
Spanish  explorer:  his  expedition  to 
Honduras,  22,  430 

Las  Cruces,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1810), 
22,  237 

La  Serna,  Alonzo  de  (ca.  1620),  Arch- 
bishop of  Mexico:  opposes  Mexia, 
22,  154 

Las  Heras,  Juan  Gregorio  de  (1780- 
1866),  Spanish-American  general: 
made  president  of  Argentine  Repub- 
lic, 21,  120 

Las  Navas  de  Tolosa:  see  Tolosa,  Las 
Navas  de 

Lasource,  Marine  David  Albin  (1762- 
I793)»  French  Girondist:  death  of, 
10,  279 

Las  Quasimas,  Cuba:  battle  of  (1898), 
20,  460,  24,  1029 

Lassalle,  Ferdinand  (1 825-1 864),  a 
German  socialist:  influence  of,  18, 
438 

Lassen,  Captain  (ca.  1800),  a  Danish 
sailor:  at  the  battle  of  Copenhagen, 
16,  256 

Last  of  the  Barons,  The:  see  Warwick, 
Richard  Neville,  Earl  of 

Lastera,  General  (ca.  1830),  a  Chilean 
soldier  and  statesman:  made  presi- 
dent of  Chili,  21,  216 

Laswari,  India:  battle  of  (1803),  5 
20,  136 

Latimer,  Lord  (ca.  1376),  an  English 
statesman:  impeached,  11,  172;  re- 
turns to  court,  172 

Latimer,  Hugh  (ca.  1485-1555),  Bishop 


of  Worcester,  English  ecclesiastic, 
called  the  Apostle  of  England:  re- 
forms of,  11,  252;  preaches  against 
the  vice  of  the  times,  267;  death  of, 
271 

Latin  America,  broadly  speaking,  is 
composed  of  South  America,  Central 
America,  Mexico,  and  most  of  the 
West  Indies;  present  conditions,  21, 
291 

Latin  League,  a  confederation  of  the 
cities  of  Latium  existing  from  the 
earliest  times  to  338  B.  C. :  forma- 
tion, 3,  9;  Rome  becomes  president 
of,  20;  dissolved,  64,  67 

Latin  Nations,  the  European  coun- 
tries touched  by  early  Roman  civ- 
ilization: characteristics  of,  20,  7, 
25 

Latins,  in  ancient  times  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Latium:  early  settlements, 
3,  7;  wars  with  neighboring  tribes, 
63;  contribute  to  Austro-Hungarian 
history,  17,  5 

Latium,  country  of  the  Latins,  Italy: 
location,  3,  4;  description  of,  7; 
early  civilization  in,  8;  league  with 
Rome,  21;  threatened  by  the  Etrus- 
cans, 56 

La  Torre,  Gomez  de  (19th  century), 
South  American  statesman:  candi- 
date for  president  of  Ecuador,  21, 
114 

Latorre,  Lorenzo  (19th  century), 
South  American  statesman:  made 
provisional  governor  of  Uruguay 
(1876),  21,  146;  his  dictatorship  in 
Uruguay,  258 

Latorre,  Miguel  de  (ca.  1820),  South 
American  statesman:  succeeds  Mo- 
rillo,  21,  72 

Latour,  Count  Theodore  Baillet  de 
(1780-1840),  Austrian  statesman: 
death  of,  17,  376,  18,  401 

La  Tour  d'  Auvergne  (19th  century), 
French  statesman:  made  minister 
for  foreign  affairs,  9,  459 

Latour-Maubourg,  Charles  Fay,  Mar- 
quis of  (ca.  1810),  French  soldier: 
becomes  minister  of  war,  9,  372; 
escorts  Louis  XVI  back  to  Paris, 
10,   138 


400 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


La  Tremouille,  Duke  of  (ca.  1600), 
French  noble:  leader  of  discontented 
nobles,  9,   172 

La  Tremouille,  Louis  II,  Sire  de 
(1460-1525),  French  soldier:  his 
campaign  against  the  rebel  princes, 
9,  128;  besieges  Novara,  132 

Laud,  William  (1573-1645),  English 
prelate,  Achbishop  of  Canterbury: 
advises  Charles  I  regarding  church 
matters,  II,  329;  imprisoned  in  the 
Tower,  337;  draws  up  a  Liturgy,  12, 
336;  severity  of,  in  England,  23, 
88;  execution  of,  II,  352 

Lauderdale,  John  Maitland,  Duke  of 
(1616-1682),  Scottish  politician: 
sketch  of,  11,  395;  appointed  com- 
missioner to  Scotland,  12,  347 

Laudon,  Baron  Gideon  Ernst  von 
(1717-1790),  Austrian  general:  in  the 
Seven  Years'  War,  9,  246,  14,  356, 
15,  148,  17,  244,  18,  338,  340;  his 
campaign  against  Turkey,  17,  271 

Laudonniere,  Rene  Goulaise  de  (d. 
1566),  French  Protestant  leader:  at- 
tempts to  plant  a  colony  on  the  St. 
John's  River,  23,  47 

Launceston,  Van  Diemen's  Land: 
founded,  20,   188 

Laupen,  Switzerland:  siege  of  (1339), 

13,  374 
Lauray  Valley,  Virginia:  devastated  by 

Sheridan,  24,  793 
Laurel  Hill,  Virginia:  battle  of  (1861), 

24,  733 

Laurens,  Henry  (1724-1792),  American 
diplomat:  sent  as  minister  to  the 
Netherlands,  23,  268;  appointed 
member  of  peace  commission,  286; 
quoted  on  slavery,  24,  562 

Lauria,  Roger  de  (ca.  1280),  Spanish 
soldier:  his  campaigns  in  the  Two 
Sicilies,  8,  245;  at  Rosas,  246 

Laurier,  Sir  Wilfred  (1841 ),  Cana- 
dian statesman:  wins  victory  for 
Liberals,  20,   173 

Lauriston,  General  (19th  century), 
French  military  officer:  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Sedan,  18,  423 

Lauriston,  Alexander  Jacques  Bernard 
Law,  Marquis  de  (1 768-1828),  French 
general:  at  the  Beresina,  15,  253 


Laurium,   Greece:   silver   mines  of,  2, 

75 

Lausanne,  University  of,  Switzerland: 
founded,  13,  448 

Lautrec,  Marshal  de  (1485-1528), 
French  soldier:  his  campaign  in 
Italy,  9,  141 

Lavalle  (ca.  1830),  South  American 
patriot:  leads  the  Unitarians,  21, 
122;  leads  rebellion,  123 

Lavalle,  Lopez  (ca.  i860),  Peruvian 
general:  leads  the  Opposition  party, 
21,  201 

Lavalleja,  General  (ca.  1840),  a  South 
American  patriot:  in  Gurzon's  re- 
bellion, ai,  139 

La  Vallette,  John  de  (1554-1642), 
Grand  Master  of  the  Knights  of  St. 
John:  defends  Malta,  14,  170,  172 

Lavarre  (ca.  1790),  Bishop  of  Nancy: 
at  opening  of  the  States-General, 
10,  41 

Lavater,  Johann  Caspar  (1741-1801), 
Swiss  poet  and  theologian:  sketch 
of,  13,  491,  492 

Lavater,  Rudolf  (ca.  1525),  bailiff  of 
Kilburg,  Switzerland:  quells  insur- 
rection, 13,  437;  at  the  battle  of 
Kappel,  444 

La  Vauguyon,  Duke  of  (ca.  1790), 
French  statesman:  made  member  of 
council,  9,  263,  10,  56 

Laverdi  (d.  1794),  French  minister: 
death  of,  9,  289 

Lavoisier,  Antoine  Laurent  (1743- 
1794),  French  chemist:  death  of,  9, 
289 

Law:  see  Government,  Statutes,  Con- 
stitutions, Jurisprudence,  Land  Laws 
and  Marriage  Laws  and  Customs 

Law,  Edward,  Baron  Ellenborough 
(1790-1871),  English  statesman  and 
soldier:  his  governor-generalship  of 
India,  5,  218;  finance  member  of 
the  governor-general's  council,  274; 
value  of  his  work  in  India,  282 

Law,  John  (1671-1729),  Scotch  finan- 
cier, called  The  Paper  King:  revives 
French  interest  in  India,  5,  170; 
schemes  of,  9,  229 

Law  of  Public  Safety,  The,  measure 
of  ostracism  during  French  Revolu- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


401 


tion:  presented  by  the  commission 
of  the  younger  council,  10,  392 

Lawfeld,  Netherlands:  battle  of  (1747), 
9,  240 

Lawrence,  Kansas:  sacked  (1861),  24, 

651 

"Lawrence,"  American  frigate:  Per- 
ry's flagship,  23,  423 

Lawrence,  Saint  (6th  century  A.  D.), 
English  prelate:  becomes  second 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  11,  30 

Lawrence,  Abbot  (1792-1855),  Amer- 
ican politician:  vituperates  govern- 
ment, 23,  513 

Lawrence,  Amos  (1 786-1852),  Amer- 
ican merchant  and  philanthropist: 
one  of  three  early  millionaires,  24, 

479 

Lawrence,  James  (1781-1813),  Amer- 
ican naval  officer:  death,  23,  424 

Lawrence,  .Sir  Henry  Montgomery 
(1806-1857),  English  soldier:  ap- 
pointed to  be  resident  at  Lahore,  5, 
221;  death  of,  237 

Lawrence  Sir  John  Laird  Mair  (181 1- 
1879),  English  archaeologist  and  dip- 
lomat: sketch  of,  5,  222;  adminis- 
trator of  the  Punjab,  223;  antici- 
pates the  Mutiny,  235;  becomes  gov- 
ernor-general of  India,  245 

Lawrence,  Stringer  (1697-1775),  Eng- 
lish soldier:  at  siege  of  Pondicherri, 

5,  179 

Lawrence,  Sir  Walter  Roper  (b.  1857), 
British  officer  in  India:  sketch  of, 
5,  277;  attends  the  Prince  of  Wales 
on  his  visit  to  India,  309 

Lawton,  Henry  Wade  (1843-1899), 
American  military  officer:  in  San- 
tiago campaign,  24,  1029;  death, 
1037 

Lazarev,  Admiral  (ca.  1830),  Russian 
naval  officer:  in  battle  of  Navarino, 
15,  277;  aids  Turkey  against  Me- 
hemet  AH*  290 

Lazarus,  King  of  Servia,  ca.  1390:  ac- 
count of,  14,  34,  ^6 

Lazear,  Jesse  W.  (d.  1899),  American 
physician:  heroism  of,  20,  330 

Lazzara,  Italy:  battle  of  (1702),  8, 
390 

Leaf  -  wearers :  see  Juangs 

League  above  the  Sea,  league  of  the 


towns  of  St.  Gall,  Werdenberg,  Sar- 
gaus,  Feldkirch,  Bludenz  (1405),  13, 

391 
League    of    God's    House,    league    of 

Swiss  states:  (1367),  13,  394;  (1498), 

394 
League  of  the  Public  Good,  a  union 

of  powerful    French   nobles   against 

Louis  XI   (1465),  9,  122 
League  of  the  Three  Emperors,  league 

of    Russia,    Germany,    and    Austria 

(1875),  14,  474 
Leagues  and  Alliances: 

Legendary  Age. 

Amphictyonic  Leagues,  2,  24 

Hexapolis,  2,  56 

Ionian,  2,  56 

B.  C.: 

753.     Etruscan  clans,  3,  24 

753.     Latin  League,  3,  9,  20,  21 

7th    century.     Boeotian    League,    2, 

13,  47,  148,  186 
ca.  660.     Arcadian  League,  2,  74 
560.     Laconian  Alliance,  2,  yy 
481.     Pan  Hellenic  League,  2,  178 
477.     Delian  League,  2,  227 
431.     Spartan  Alliance,  2,  274 
427.     Ionian   cities  in   Sicily,   2,  299 
399.     Persia,     Athens,     and     Greek 

states,  1,   167 
395.     Persia  and  Athens,  1,  167 
392-379.     Chalcidian       League,       2. 

420 
378.     Athens   and   Asiatic   cities,   2, 

454 
370.     Arcadian    League    revived,    2, 

439 
311.     Hernican  League,  3,  71 
285.     Against  Rome,  3,  75 
280.     Achaean    League    revived,    2, 

5i6 
251.     Aetolian    League    revived,    2, 

5i6 
205.     Philip  of  Macedon  and  Anti- 

ochus,  3,  139 
71.     Coalition   against  Pompeius,  3, 

267 
67-63.     Slaves    and    Celts    in    Italy, 

3,  280 
57.     Caesar  and  the  Remi,  3,  303 
50.     Gallic  tribes,  3,  298 
43.     Antonius,    Lepidus,    and    Octa- 

vius  form  triumvirate,  4,   15 


402 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Leagues,  cont. 
A.  D.: 

260.     Germanic  tribes,  9,  13 
451.     Aetius  and  Visigoths,  18,  41 
596.     Burgundy    and    Austrasia,    9, 

30 
630.     Dagobert  and   Lombards,   17, 

20 
791.     Charlemagne  and  Czechs,  17, 

30 
843.     Charles  the  Bald  and  Ludwig, 

18,93 
1164.     First     Lombard     League,    4, 

194 
1 167.     Second   Lombard   League,  4, 

202,  18,   151 
1241.     Hanseatic    League,    18,    174, 

273,  20,  15 
1278.     Hapsburg  and   Hungary,    17, 

76 
1291.     Perpetual  League,  13,  362 
1333-1336.     Perpetual      League      of 

Forest  States,  13,  373 
1334.     Louis    of    France    and    Bur- 
gundy against  Berne,  13,  374 
1340.     Ten    Years    League   between 

Austria  and  Berne,  13,  375 
1347.     League  of  Valencia,  8,  251 
1363.     Castile   and    England,    8,    166 
1367.     League  of  God's  House,   13, 

394 
1378.     Against  Venice,  4,  239 
1389.     Against    Murad,    14,   33 
I393-     Lucerne  League,  13,  385 
1393.     Zurich  League,  13,  385 
1395.     Upper  League,  13,  394 
1395-     Gray  League,  13,  394 
1405.     League  Above  the  Sea,  13,  391 
1435.     Burgundy    and    Charles    VII, 

11,    205 
1442.     Austria    and    Zurich,    13,   399 
I4SS-     Quadruple  League,  4,  264 
1467.     England    and     Belgium,    13, 

44 
1485.     Against  Anne  of  Orleans,  9, 

127 
1489.     Suabian  League,  18,  219 
1495.     League  of  Venice,  4,  290,  8, 

269 
1500.     Against  Milan,  4,  291 
1505.     Spain   and   France,   8,    189 
1508.     Against    Venice,    4,    292,    13 

53 


1511.     Holy  League,  9,  135,  ",  236 
1513.     England,     Netherlands,     and 

Emperor,   13,  54 
1518.     England,     France,     Leo     X, 

Maximilian,  and  Spain,  11,  237 
1520.     Cortez    and    the    Tlascalans, 

33,  43 

1525.  England  and  France,  11,  242 

1526.  League  of  Cognac,  4,  303 

1527.  Evangelical  Alliance,  13,  441 
1537-     League  of  Smalkalde,  9,  142, 

17,   I9S»  18,  250,  254 
1537-     First   Geraldine    League,    12, 

81 
1565.     Mohammedan  princes,  5,  151 
1567.     Second  Geraldine  League,  12, 

90 
1571.     Maritime       League       (Pope, 

Spain,    Venice    and     Knights     of 

Malta),  14,  196 
1576.     Union  of  Utrecht,  8,  361 
1586.     Borromean  or  Golden 

League,  13,  458 
1606.     Russia  and  Sweden,  15,  20 
1608.     Catholic  League,  17,  205,  18, 

264 

1608.  Protestant  League,  18,  265 

1609.  League  of  Prague,  17,  199 
1633.     Sweden        and        Protestant 

princes,  16,  186 
1637.     France  and  Holland,  13,  213 
1643.     New  England  Confederation, 

23,  96 
1656.     France  and  England,  9,  206 
1668.     Triple      Alliance      (England, 

Sweden,     and     Netherlands),     11, 

393,  13,  235,  18,  300 

1672.  France,  England,  and  Sweden 
against  Holland,  18,  300 

1673.  Holland  and  Spain,  18,  301 
1675.     Emperor,       Denmark,       and 

Brandenburg  against  France,   16, 

234 

1686.  League  of  Augsburg,  4,  326, 
9,  217,  13,  243,  18,  304 

1687.  Holy  Alliance,  14,  256 

1709.  Denmark  and  Saxony,  16, 
221 

1717.  Triple  Alliance  (France,  Eng- 
land, and  Netherlands),  8,  405,  9, 
228 

1717.  Sweden  and  Spain,  11,  472 

1718.  Quadruple      Alliance      (Em- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


403 


peror,  England,  France,  and  Hol- 
land), ii,  472,  13,  253,  18,  320 
1728.     Spain  and  France,  9,  235 
1731.     France,  the   Emperor,  Spain, 

and  Holland,  9,  235 
1733-     Family   Compact,   11,  480 
1738.     Francis    I    and    Suleiman   the 

Magnificent,  16,  227 
1741.     France,   Spain,   Prussia,   Sar- 
dinia, and  Poland  against  Austria, 
4,  333,  9,  237,  17,  241,  18,  329 
1741.     Austria,     England,     Holland, 

and  Hanover,  18,  330 
1743.     England  and  Austria,  9,  241 
1743.     Saxony  and  Austria,  17,  241 
1746.     Austria    and    Russia,    17,   242 
1748.     Triple  Alliance,  15,  142 
1756.     Austria,   Russia,   and   France, 

15,  144.  17,  243,  18,  334 
1778.     France    and    American    colo- 
nies, 11,  517,  23,  267 
1788.     Triple      Alliance      (England, 
Holland,    and    Prussia),    10,    133, 
14,   360 
1791.     First         Coalition         against 
France,  10,  134,  11,  541,  18,  356 

1796.  France  and  Spain,  11,  547 

1797.  Germany  and  Savoy  against 
France,  4,  327 

1798-1802.  Second  Coalition  against 
France,  10,  401,  11,  549,  18,  362 

1800.  Northern  Maritime  League 
(Russia,  Sweden,  and  Prussia),  16, 

255 

1801.  Russia,  Sweden,  and  Den- 
mark, 11,  552 

1802.  Third  Coalition  against 
France,  10,  454,  11,  553,  15,  214, 
18,  366 

1806.  Fourth  Coalition  against 
France,  10,  469,  11,  557 

1806.  Confederation  of  the  Rhine, 
9,  327,  17.  304,  18,  367 

1807.  Alexander  and  Napoleon,  15, 

215 

1807.  Tugendbund,    18,   376 

1808.  Fifth  Coalition  against 
France,  8,  529,  10,  476 

1808.     England     and     Portugal,     8, 

528 
1813.     Sixth         Coalition        against 

France,  10,  488,  16,  254,  18,  383 


1814.  Hetaeria  Philike  in  Greece, 
2,  541 

1815.  Holy  Alliance,  8,  494,  11,  574, 
15,  266,  18,  393,  21,  78,  23,  446 

1815.     Deutscher  Bund,  18,  392 

1833.  League  of  Sarnen,  13,  541 

1834.  Quadruple  Alliance,  8,  497 

1835.  Bolivia  and  Peru,  21,  195 

1837.  Slavs,   17,  343 

1838.  Anti-Corn-League,  11,  600 
1841.     Asuncion  and  Corrientes,  21, 

155 

1845.     Sonderbund,   13,  550 

1849.  Against  Russia  during  Cri- 
mean War,  4,  371,  14,  451,  458 

1861.  Spain,  France,  and  England, 
22,  384 

1865.  Triple  Alliance  against  Para- 
guay, 21,  131,  176 

1872.  Katipunan  (Philippine  Is- 
lands), 20,  314 

1875.     Three  Emperors,  14,  474 

1879.  Austria  and  Germany  against 
Russia,  17,  448 

1880.  Land  League  in  Ireland,  11, 

633 

1881.  Albanian  League,  14,  492 

1882.  Triple  Alliance,  4,  403,  17, 
426 

1893.     Federation  League,  20,  204 

1896.  Dual  Alliance  (France  and 
Russia),  9,  489 

1897.  Ethnike  Hetairia  (National 
League),  14,  503 

1902.  Anglo-Japanese  Alliance,  7, 
281,  11,  642 

Leahy,  Scandinavia:  battle  of  (1389), 
16,  121 

Leander,  Saint  (6th  century  A.  D.), 
Spanish  prelate,  Bishop  of  Seville: 
urges  Ermenigild  to  accept  Catholi- 
cism, 8,  41;  sketch  of,  59 

Learmouth,  of  Ereildoun,  Thomas, 
(13th  century),  Scottish  poet: 
sketch   of,   12,  268 

Lebas,  Philippe  Frangois  (1765-1794), 
French  Jacobin:  arrested,  9,  291, 
10,  314;  released,  315;  death  of,  9, 
291,  10,  318 

Lebceuf,  Edmond  (1809-1888),  French 
soldier:  becomes  minister  of  war, 
9,  459 


404 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Lebon,  Joseph  (i765-i795)»  French 
revolutionist:  character  of,  10,  324; 
impeachment  of,  324 

Le  Brun  (Lebrun),  Charles  Francois 
(1739-1824),  Duke  of  Piacenza, 
French  statesman:  appointed  con- 
sul, 9,  315;  made  arch-treasurer  of 
the  empire,  322 

Lech,  river  in  Tyrol:  battles  of  the 
(955  A.  D.),  18,  112;  (1632),  9,  190, 

16,  181,  18,  282 

Lech  (ca.  450  A.  D.),  a  Czech  chief- 
tain: leads  migration  of  the  Czechs, 

17,  18 

Lechelle  (ca.  1790),  French  Revolu- 
tionist: appointed  sole  general-in- 
chief  by  the  committee  of  public 
safety,  10,  276 

Lecher,  Doctor  (ca.  1900),  Moravian 
representative:  in  the  Reichsrath  of 
1897,  17,  434 

Lechfeld,  Bavaria:  battle  of  (955  A. 
D.),  17,  88 

Lecky,  William  Edward  Hartpole 
(1838-1903),  a  British  philosopher: 
quoted  on  the  Boston  tea-party,  23, 
220 

Leclerc,  Victor  Emmanuel  (1772- 
1802),  a  French  general:  his  expe- 
dition to  Santo  Domingo,  20,  140 

Lecointre,  Laurent  (d.  1805),  a  French 
regicide:  denounces  Billaud,  Collot, 
Barrere,  of  the  committee  of  public 
safety,  and  Nadier,  Amar,  and  Von- 
land,  of  the  committee  of  general 
safety,  10,  323 

Lecompton  Constitution,  a  pro-slavery 
constitution  drawn  up  for  Kansas 
(1857),  but  rejected:  24,  662 

Leconte,  Claude  Martin  (1817-1871), 
a  French  soldier:  captured  by  the 
commune,  9,  470 

Lecuona,  Domingo  (ca.  1900),  West 
Indian  soldier:  chosen  governor  of 
Matanzas,  22,  468 

Leczinski,  Maria  (1703-1768),  Polish 
princess:  marries  Louis  XV  of 
France,  15,  118 

Ledenberg  (d.  1619),  Dutch  patriot: 
arrest  and  death  of,  13,  199 

Ledru-Rollin,  Alexandre  Auguste 
(1808-1874),  French  politician:  mem- 
ber of  the  provisional  government, 


9»  4355  attempts  to  incite  insurrec- 
tion in  Paris,  439 

Lee,  Arthur  (1740-1792),  American 
diplomat:  commissioned  as  minister 
to  France,  23,  265;  signs  Treaty  of 
Versailles,  267;  sent  to  Berlin,  268 

Lee,  Charles  (1731-1782),  American 
Revolutionary  general:  appointed 
major-general,  23,  231;  disobeys 
Washington's  orders,  245;  early  ca- 
reer, 245;  captured  by  British,  247; 
exchanged,  263;  at  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth, 263;  court-martialed,  263;  ex- 
pelled from  the  army,  263;  death  and 
burial,  264 

Lee,   Fitzhugh    (1835 ),   American 

general:  recalled  from  Havana,  22, 
458;  appointed  major-general,  24, 
1028 

Lee,  Henry  (1756-1818),  American 
general:  member  of  Virginia  ratify- 
ing convention,  23,  337;  in  Jackson's 
"Kitchen  Cabinet,"  485;  quoted  on 
slavery  in  Virginia,  24,  564 

Lee,  Richard  Henry  (1 732-1 794), 
American  statesman:  delegate  to 
first  Continental  Congress,  23,  223; 
delegate  to  second  Continental  Con- 
gress, 229;  proposes  a  declaration 
of  independence,  238;  opposed  to 
Constitutional  Convention,  324;  op- 
poses ratification  of  the  Constitu- 
tion, 33s;  member  of  Virginia  ratifi- 
cation committee,  336;  in  first 
Congress,  342;  his  eulogy  of  Wash- 
ington, 380 

Lee,  Robert  Edward,  an  American  sol- 
dier: born  in  Westmoreland  Co., 
Va.,  January  19,  1807;  graduated  at 
West  Point,  1829;  took  part  in  the 
Mexican  War;  was  superintendent 
of  West  Point  Military  Academy, 
1852-1855;  gave  up  his  commission 
in  the  United  States  army,  1861;  be- 
came major-general  of  the  Virginia 
forces,  1861,  and  commander  of  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  1862; 
fought  in  many  battles  of  the  Civil 
War  and  finally  surrendered  to 
Grant  at  Appomattox,  April  9,  1865; 
died  at  Lexington,  Va.,  October  12, 
1870 
In  the  Mexican  War,  22,  326,  345, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


405 


24,  554;  captures  Brown  at  Harper's 
Ferry,  24,  674;  sketch  of,  760;  plans 
invasion  of  North,  764;  withdraws 
from  Maryland  after  Antietam,  765; 
generalship  praised,  771;  second  in- 
vasion of  North,  778;  makes  over- 
tures for  peace,  811;  surrenders  Con- 
federate army,  811 

Lee,  Stephen  D.  (ca.  1850),  American 
Confederate  general:  at  Chickasaw 
Bayou,  24,  776 

Lee,  William  (ca.  1750),  an  American 
ambassador:  sent  to  Austria,  23, 
268 

Leedes  (ca.  1550),  an  English  mer- 
chant: enters  the  service  of  the 
Great  Mogul,  5,  157 

Leesburg,   Virginia:   battle   of   (1862), 

24,  757 

Leeward  Islands,  in  the  West  Indies: 
government  of,  20,  245;  under 
French  rule,  276 

Lefebvre,  Frangois  Joseph  (1755— 
1820),  a  French  general:  his  cam- 
paign in  the  Tyrol,  17,  300 

Lefent  (ca.  1790),  French  revolution- 
ist: leader  of  the  commune,  10,  203 

Leflo,  Adolphe  Emmanuel  Charles 
(1804-1887),  French  general:  arrest 
of,  9,  441 

Lefort,  Frangois  (1656-1699),  a  Swiss 
general:  sketch  of,  15,  28;  sent  as 
Russian   ambassador,   33;    death   of, 

37 

Left,  The,  the  French  Radical  party: 
origin  and  use  of  the  term,  10,  82; 
its  principal  speakers,  155 

Legal  Tender  Act,  in  United  States 
history,  a  financial  war  measure 
(1862):  passed,  24,  819;  before  the 
Supreme  Court,  900 

Legations,  in  Peking:  siege  of  (1900), 
6,  283,  301,  302 

Legazpi,  Miguel  Lopez  de  (1510-1572), 
Spanish  conqueror  of  the  Philip- 
pines: establishes  Spanish  control  in 
the  Philippines,  5,  157 

Legendre,  Louis  (1756-1797),  French 
Revolutionary  demagogue:  renews 
Lecointre's  impeachment  of  the 
democratic  party  of  the  committees, 
10,  325 


Le  Gentil  (Labarbinais)  (ca.  1700),  a 
French  traveller:  his  explorations, 
21,  34 

Leger  (ca.  650  A.  D.),  Burgundian 
bishop:  rebellion  of,  9,  34 

Legge,  William,  Earl  of  Dartmouth 
(1731-1801),  English  statesman:  dis- 
missed from  office,  11,  496 

Legion,  The  Infernal:  see  Infernal 
Legion,  The 

Legion  of  Honor,  Order  of,  a  French 
honorary  order  for  civil  and  military 
services:  instituted  (1802),  9,  319, 
10,  451 

Legnano,  Italy:  battles  of  (1176),  4, 
195.  18,  152;   (1796),  9,  300;   (1799), 

10,  403 

Lehardy  (d.  1793),  a  French  revolu- 
tionist: death  of,  10,  279 

Lehwald,  Marshal  (ca.  1750),  a  Ger- 
man general:  at  Gross-Jagerndorf, 
15,  146;  campaign  of,  18,  336 

Leibnitz,  Baron  Gottfried  Wilhelm 
von  (1646-1716),  a  German  physi- 
cian: consulted  by  Peter  the  Great, 

15,  85,  18,  308,  320 

Leicester,    England:    siege    of    (1645), 

ii,  353 

Leicester,  Earl  of  (ca.  1150),  an  Eng- 
lish nobleman:   appointed   Justiciar, 

11,  98 

Leicester,  Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of 
(1532-1588),  an  English  politician: 
his  campaigns  in  the  Netherlands,  8, 
362,  13,  150 

Leif  Eriksson  (ca.  1000  A.  D.),  a 
Norse  adventurer:  introduces  Chris- 
tianity into  Greenland,  16,  47;  dis- 
coveries of,  49,  23,  19 

Leighton,  Alexander  (1 568-1649),  a 
Scottish  physician:  leader  of  the 
Episcopal  Church,  12,  358 

Leinder,  Lewis  (ca.  1750),  a  German 
mining  engineer:  sets  up  the  first 
laboratory  in  Mexico,  22,  217 

Leinster,  Duke  of  (ca.  1750),  an  Irish 
political  leader:  leader  of  the  Popu- 
lar Party,  12,  173 

Leipsic  (Leipzig),  Germany:  battles  of 
(1631),  9,  190,  18,  280,  283;   (1642), 

16,  187;     (1745),    18,    33U     (1813) 
(called  The   Battle   of  the   Peoples 


406 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


and  The  Battle  of  Nations),  4,  349, 
8,  486,  9,  343,  10,  488,  11,  566,  13, 
272,  524,  15,  261,  17,  308,  18,  384; 
(1866),  410 

Leipsic,  University  of,  Germany: 
founded,  17,  121,  18,  202 

Leisler,  Jacob  (d.  1691),  an  American 
patriot:  heads  revolution,  23,  105; 
execution  of,  106 

Leitha,  Austria-Hungary:  battle  of  the 
(1246),  17,  59,  94 

Leland  Stanford  University,  Califor- 
nia: suffers  from  San  Francisco 
earthquake,  24,  1084 

Lelantine  War,  a  war  between  Chalus 
and  Eretria  for  possession  of  Lelas 
(ca.  700  B.  C.)»  3»  115 

Lelewel,  Joachim  (1786-1861),  Polish 
historian:  in  the  Polish  insurrection, 
15,  293 

Lely,  Sir  Peter  (1618-1680),  Dutch- 
English  artist:  sketch  of,  II,  418 

Lemaire,  Jacques  (d.  1616),  Dutch 
navigator:  discoveries  of,  21,  32 

Lemaitre,  John  (ca.  1590),  President 
of  Parlement  of  Paris:  presents 
wishes  of  the  Parlement  to  May- 
enne,  9,  168 

Le  Mans,  France:  battle  of  (1871),  18, 

425 

Lemberg,  Austria-Hungary:  sieges  of 
(1672),  14,  245;  (1675),  245;  made 
the  capital  of  Galicia,  17,  248;  popu- 
lar uprising  in  (1848),  366 

Lemberg,  Count  (d.  1849),  governor 
of  Pesth:  murder  of,  15,  300 

Lemnos,  island  in  iEgean  Sea:  sieges 
of  (1771),  14,  328,  15,  180 

Lennox,  Matthew  Stuart,  Earl  of 
(1510-1571),  Scottish  soldier  and 
statesman:  supports  policy  of  Henry 
VIII  of  England,  12,  305;  made 
regent  of  Scotland,  321;  death  of, 
322 

Lens,  France:  battle  of  (1648),  9,  200 

Lentulus,  Publius  Cornelius  (d.  63  B. 
C),  Roman  politician:  member  of 
Catilinarian  conspiracy,  3,  283 

Leo  (I)  the  Great  (d.  461),  Pope,  440- 
461:  his  interview  with  Attila,  4, 
148,  18,  42 

Leo  III  (d.  816),  Pope,  795-8i6:  his 
relations  with  Charlemagne,  18,  84; 


crowns  Charlemagne,  4,  176;  im- 
plores aid  from  Charlemagne,  9,  44 

Leo  IV,  Pope,  847-855:  pontificate  of, 
Ii  3555  builds  defense  for  Rome 
against  barbarians,  4,  179 

Leo  IX  (Bruno)  (1002-1054),  Pope, 
1049-1054:  travels  through  western 
Europe,  II,  62;  assists  Henry  III  of 
Germany,  18,  130;  his  relations  with 
the  Normans,  4,  186,  18,  130 

Leo  X  (Giovanni  de'  Medici)  (1475- 
1521),  Pope,  1513-1521:  accession  of, 
9,  135;  golden  age  of,  4,  296;  op- 
poses election  of  Charles  V  of  Ger- 
many, 18,  231;  his  sale  of  indul- 
gences, 235;  joins  league  between 
England  and  France,  11,  237;  con- 
troversy with  Martin  Luther,  11, 
245,  18,  237,  238;  contemporary  of 
Suleiman  the  Great,  14,  145;  death, 
4,  300,  11,  243,  18,  245 

Leo  XIII  (Giacchino  Pecci)  (1810- 
1903),    Pope,    1878-1903:    pontificate 

of,  4,  399,  18,  442 

Leo,  King  of  Italy,  855-875:  succeeds 
Lothaire,  4,  179 

Leo  the  Isaurian  (d.  741),  Byzantine 
Emperor,  718-741 :  at  the  siege  of 
Constantinople,  1,  330,  2,  533,  14, 
4;  introduces  dissensions  into  the 
church,  4,  169 

Leoben,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
Napoleon  Bonaparte  and  the  Aus- 
trians  (i793),  9,  303,  10,  383,  13,  264, 
18,  361 

Leofric  (d.  1057),  Earl  of  Merced: 
mediates  between  Godwine  and  Ed- 
ward the  Confessor,  11,  61 

Leofwine  (d.  1066),  Earl  of  Mercia: 
his  influence,  11,  60 

Leogone,  Hayti:  battle  of  (1843),  22, 
498 

Leon,  Juan  Velasquez  de  (ca.  1515), 
Spanish  explorer:  joins  Cortez,  22, 
10 

Leon,  Ponce  de:  see  Ponce  de  Leon 

Leonardo  da  Vinci  (1452-1519),  Ital- 
ian painter,  architect,  sculptor,  mu- 
sician, mechanician,  and  scientist: 
sketch  of  his  career,  4,  208 

Leonidas,  King  of  Sparta:  succeeded 
his  brother,  Cleomenes  I,  400  B.  C.J 
was  in  command  of  the  small  band, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


407 


who  defended  the  pass  of  Ther- 
mopylae, 480  B.  C,  against  Xerxes 
and  his  host,  and  maintained  their 
position  until  they  were  all  slain 

Given  command  of  land  force 
against  Persians,  2,  186;  slain  at 
Thermopylae,  193 

Leonine  City,  part  of  City  of  Rome: 
founded,  4,  179 

Leonora  (d.  1479),  Queen  of  Navarre: 
reign  of,  8,  215 

Leonora  (ca.  1372),  Queen  of  Por- 
tugal: marries  Ferdinand  I  of  Por- 
tugal, 8,  291;  acknowledged  as 
queen,  292;  intrigues  of,  293;  taken 
as  prisoner  to  Spain,  298 

Leonora  (ca.  1220),  daughter  of  Al- 
fonso VIII  of  Castile:  marries 
Jay  me  I  of  Aragon,  8,  240;  mar- 
riage annulled,  243 

Leonora  (ca.  1347),  infanta  of  Portu- 
gal: marries  Pedro  IV  of  Aragon,  8, 

251 

Leonora  of  Castile  (d.  1356),  Queen 
of  Aragon:  her  quarrel  with  Pedro 
IV  of  Aragon,  8,  250;  death  of,  253 

Leonora  de  Guzman,  Dona  (ca.  1350), 
mistress  of  Alfonso  XI  of  Leon: 
sketch  of,  8,  160,  285 

Leonora  of  Sardinia  (ca.  1368) :  at  war 
with  Pedro  IV  of  Aragon,  8,  256 

Leontiades  of  Thebes  (4th  century 
B.  C),  polemarch  of  Thebes:  his 
treachery,  2,  421;  murdered,  424 

Leontiev,  Prince  (ca.  1730),  Russian 
deputy:  his  mission  to  Anne,  15,  106 

Leontini,  Sicily:  taken  by  Hiero,  2, 
219;  captured  by  Syracusans,  328; 
appeals  to  Athens,  329;  resettled  by 
Syracusans,  410;  in  the  hands  of 
Hiketas,  417 

"Leopard,"  a  British  frigate:  attacks 
the  "  Chesapeake,"  23,  409 

Leopold  I  (1640-1705),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1658-1705,  called  The  Lit- 
tle Man  in  Red  Stockings:  reign  of, 
17,  183,  18,  299;  reign  of,  as  King 
of  Hungary,  17,  228;  at  war  with 
Turkey,  14,  266;  receives  Shereme- 
tiev,  15,  36;  claims  Spanish  throne, 
4,  327,  8,  384,  13,  247 

Leopold  II  (1747-1792),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,     1790-1792:    reign    of,    as 


Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany,  4,  332; 
reign  of,  as  Emperor,  17,  275,  18, 
354;  his  Belgian  policy,  13,  262;  as 
King  of  Hungary,  17,  330;  as  King 
of  Bohemia,  340;  desires  peace  with 
Turkey,  14,  357;  death  of,  10,  167 

Leopold  I  (1790-1865),  King  of  Bel- 
gium, 1831-1865,  called  The  Nestor 
of  Europe:  election  of,  13,  299;  ac- 
cession of,  9,  399,  13,  300;  reign  of, 
13,  304 

Leopold  II,   King  of  Belgium,   1865- 

:    born    at    Brussels,    April    9, 

1835,  son  of  Leopold  I  and  Louisa, 
daughter  of  Louis  Philippe  of 
France;  married  Marie  Henriette  of 
Austria,  August  22,  1853;  ascended 
the  throne,  December  10,  1865; 
founded  the  International  African 
Association,  1876;  became  sovereign 
of  the  Congo  Free  State,  1885 

Reign  of,  13,  307;  plans  explora- 
tion and  civilization  of  Africa,  19, 
60;  made  ruler  of  Congo  Free  State, 
117;  wills  his  African  possessions  to 
Belgium,  250 

Leopold  (I)  the  Illustrious,  Margrave 
of  Austria,  973-994:  sketch  of,  17, 
89 

Leopold  (II)  the  Handsome,  Mar- 
grave of  Austria,  1075-1096:  reign 
of,  17,  90 

Leopold  III,  Margrave  of  Austria, 
1096-1136:  reign  of,  17,  90 

Leopold  IV,  Margrave  of  Austria, 
1136-1141:  reign  of,  17,  90;  acquires 
Bavaria,  18,  144 

Leopold  V  (1157-1194),  Duke  of  Aus- 
tria, 1177-1194:  reign  of,  17,  91;  be- 
trays Richard  Cceur  de  Lion,  9,  76, 
18,  156 

Leopold  (VI)  the  Proud,  Duke  of 
Austria,  1 198-1230:  reign  of,  17,  92 

Leopold  I  (1292-1326),  Duke  of  Aus- 
tria, 1308-1326:  at  battle  of  Morgar- 
ten,  18,  187;  conspiracy  of,  188;  his 
war  with  the  Swiss,  196 

Leopold  (II  or  III)  the  Pious  (1350- 
1386),  Duke  of  Austria,  1365-1386: 
reign  of,  17,  105,  106 

Leopold  (early  17th  century),  Arch- 
duke of  Austria,  a  general  in  the 
Thirty    Years'    War:    invades     Bo- 


408 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


hernia,  17,  200;  in  the  Succession  of 
Cleves  dispute,  18,  266;  at  the  battle 
of  Breitenfeld,  16,  187 

Leopold  I,  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany: 
see  Leopold  II,  Holy  Roman  Em- 
peror 

Leopold  II  (1797-1870),  Grand  Duke 
of  Tuscany,  1824-1859:  restored  to 
his  dominions,  4,  368 

Leopold  ( 1 676-1 747),  Prince  of  An- 
halt-Dessau:  campaigns  of,  18,  314; 
organizes  the  Prussian  army,  321 

Leopold  (1835 ),  Prince  of  Hohen- 

zollern:  sketch  of,  18,  416 

Leopold  (early  19th  century),  Prince 
of  Saxe-Coburg:  marries  Charlotte 
of  England,  II,  573 

Leopold  (17th  century),  son  of  Ferdi- 
and  II  of  Austria:  receives  Bremen 
and  Magdeburg,  18,  277;  defeats 
Baner,  291 

Leopoldville,  Africa:  founded,  19,  69 

Leosthenes  (d.  323  B.  C.)>  Athenian 
general,  2,  512 

Leotychides,  King  of  Sparta,  ca.  470 
B.  C:  accession  of,  2,  163;  at  My- 
cale,  212 

Leotychides  the  Younger  (d.  399  B. 
C),  Spartan  prince:  his  claims  on 
the  throne  of  Sparta,  2,  391 

Leovigild,  King  of  the  Visigoths,  569- 
586  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8,  41 

Lepanto,  Greece:  battle  of  (1571),  2, 
537,  4,  3io,  8,  355,  14,  5,  196;  ac- 
quired by  Turks,  14,  113 

Lepe,  Diego  de  (1460-1515),  Spanish 
navigator:  explorations  of,  21,  15 

Leper  King  of  Scotland:  see  Robert 
Bruce,  King  of  Scotland 

Leper  Kings  of  England:  see  Henry 
III  and  Henry  IV,  Kings  of  Eng- 
land 

Lepidus,  Marcus  .ffimilius  (d.  137  B. 
C),  Roman  consul  and  orator:  left 
in  command  of  Spanish  province,  8, 

23 

Lepidus,  Marcus  iEmilius  (d.  77  B. 
C),  Roman  consul,  78  B.  C.:  elected 
consul,  3,  255;  defeated  by  Pom- 
peius,  255 

Lepidus,  Marcus  .flSmilius  (d.  13  B. 
C.)»  Roman  politician:  blockaded  in 
his  house,  3,  320;  appointed  prefect 


of  the  city,  339;  splendor  of  his 
Roman  home,  383;  supports  Anto- 
nius  against  the  murderers  of  Ceesar, 
4,  7;  marches  from  Spain  to  join 
Antonius,  12;  joins  second  trium- 
virate, 14;  made  consul,  15;  quar- 
rels with  Octavius,  21;  death  of,  31 

Le  Plongeon  (ca.  1875),  a  Mexican 
archaeologist:  his  work  in  Mexico, 
22,  82 

Lepreum,  Greece:  attacked  by  Elis,  2, 
321 

Lerdode  Tejada,  Sebastian  (1825- 
1889),  Mexican  statesman:  sketch  of, 
22,  401;  becomes  provisional  presi- 
dent, 402 

Lerida,  Spain:  battles  of  (65  B.  C),  8, 
22;  (1642),  9,  194;  (1646),  199 

Lerma,  Francisco  de  Sandoval,  Duke 
of  (d.  1625),  Spanish  statesman:  de- 
sires peace  with  the  Netherlands,  13, 
187 

Lermontov,  Michael  Ivanovitch  (1811- 
1841),  Russian  poet:  parentage  of, 
15,  28;  sketch  of,  259 

Lesbos,  an  island  in  the  ^Egean  Sea: 
Pelasgis  displaced  in,  2,  53;  submits 
to  Persia,  126;  revolts  from  Athens, 
291;  subdued,  294;  conquered  by 
Memnon,  490;  taken  by  Saracens, 
537 

Lesches  (ca.  650  B.  C.),  a  Greek  poet: 
sketch  of,  2,  31 

Lescure,  Louis  Marie,  Marquis  de 
(1766-1793),  a  French  royalist:  sup- 
ports insurrection  in  the  Vendee,  9, 
283 

Lesdiguieres,  Frangois  de  Bonue  de 
(1543-1626),  French  marshal:  con- 
version of,  9,  182 

Leslie,  Alexander,  Earl  of  Leven  (d. 
1661),  Scottish  general:  leader  of 
the  Covenanters,  12,  338;  commands 
invasion  of  Scots  into  England,  11, 
348,  12,  339 

Leslie,  David  (d.  1682),  Scottish  gen- 
eral: commands  Scottish  forces,  11, 
363;  in  the  Civil  War,  12,  339 

Lessar,  Paul  (ca.  1875),  a  Russian 
statesman:  delimits  the  boundary 
between  Russian  territories  and 
Afghanistan,  5,  265;  appointed  min- 
ister to  Peking,  7,  288 


GENERAL    INDEX 


409 


Lesseps,    Ferdinand,    Vicomte    de,    a 

French  diplomat:  born  at  Versailles, 
France,  November  19,  1805;  entered 
public  life  as  consular  attachee  at 
Lisbon,  1828,  and  held  various  con- 
sular offices;  while  vice-consul  at 
Alexandria  his  conduct  during  the 
cholera  won  for  him  the  cross  of 
the  Legion  of  Honor;  was  consul  at 
Barcelona,  1842;  was  minister  at 
Madrid,  1848;  went  to  Rome  to  ne- 
gotiate a  peace  between  the  popular 
party  and  the  French  army,  1849; 
was  director  of  the  ship-canal  across 
the     Isthmus     of     Suez,     1859-1869; 

•  completed  a  plan  for  the  construc- 
tion of  a  canal  across  the  Isthmus 
of  Panama,  but  the  company  was 
forced  into  liquidation;  accused  of 
breach  of  trust  and  condemned  to 
imprisonment,  1893,  but  was  too  ill 
to  be  moved  and  died  at  his  home 
in  Paris,  December  7,  1894 

Sketch  of,  14,  468;  president  of 
French  canal  construction  company, 
24,   1056 

Lessing,  Gotthold  Ephraim  (1729- 
1781),  a  German  author:  influence 
of,  18,  332,  353 

Lestocq  (ca.  1800),  a  German  general: 
his   campaign  against   Napoleon,  9, 

329 

Lestocq,  Johann  Herman  (1695-1767) 
a  French  surgeon:  intrigues  of,  15, 
109,  131;  rewarded  by  Elizabeth, 
138;  recalled,  153 

Le  Tellier,  Michel  (1603-1685),  French 
statesman:  minister  of  war,  9,  207 

Le  Tourneur,  Charles  Louis  Frangois 
(1751-1817),  French  statesman:  ap- 
pointed member  of  the  directory,  9, 
296,  303,  10,  361 

Letters,  The  Dictator  of:  see  Voltaire 

Letters,  The  Father  of:  see  Louis 
XII,  King  of  France;  also  Francis 
I,  King  of  France;  and  also,  Medici, 
Lorenzo  de' 

Leu,  Joseph  (d.  1845),  Swiss  politi- 
cian: leads  the  Ultramontanists,  13, 
547;  death  of,  550 

Leucas,  Greece:  makes  war  on  Acar- 
nanians,  2,  289 

Leucopetra,  Greece:  battle  of,  3,  166 


Leuctra,  Greece:  battle  of,  2,  432 

Leuenberger,  Nicholas  (d.  1653),  a 
Swiss  leader:  incites  an  insurrection, 
13,  471;  death  of,  473 

Leuthen,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1757),  9, 
245,  11,  499,  17,  244,  18,  337 

Leuze,  Flanders:  battle  of  (1691),  9, 
218 

Levant,  Company  of  the:  see  Com- 
pany of  the  Levant 

Levashev  (ca.  1700),  Russian  general: 
implores  assistance,  15,  116 

Levelers,  The  (1650),  English  radical 
Democratic  party:  Cromwell  sup- 
presses, 11,  363 

Leven,  Alexander  Leslie,  Earl  of:  see 
Leslie,  Alexander,  Earl  of  Leven 

Levenhaupt,  Adam  (1659-1719),  a 
Swedish  soldier:  his  campaign  in 
Russia,  16,  219;  execution  of,  228 

Levitski,  General  (ca.  1850),  a  Russian 
military  officer:  his  campaign 
against  Turkey,  15,  333 

Levy-en-masse,  Decree  of,  French 
Revolutionary  measure  (1793),  10, 
272 

Lewes,  England:  battle  of  (1264),  11, 
140 

Lewes,  Mise  of,  an  agreement  between 
Henry  III  and  the  barons  under 
Simon  de  Montford  providing  for 
Parliamentary  reform  (1264),  II, 
140 

Lewis  (14th  century),  son  of  Lewis 
of  Bavaria:  receives  Brandenburg, 
18,  190;  treats  with  Charles  IV  of 
Germany,  192 

Lewis:  see  also  Louis  and  Ludwig 

Lewis,  Meriwether  (1774-1809),  an 
American  explorer:  explorations  of, 
20,  130,  23,  400 

Lewis,  William  B.  (19th  century),  an 
American  politician:  supports  Jack- 
son, 23,  463;  familiar  adviser  of 
Jackson,  485 

Lewis  and  Clark  Expedition,  an  ex- 
ploring expedition  in  the  northwest- 
ern part  of  the  United  States,  1804- 
1806:  main  treatment,  23,  400;  claim 
for  Oregon  territory,  24,  542 

Lex  Julia  (90  B.  C),  extending  citi- 
zenship to  Italians,  (90  B.  C),  3, 
208 


410 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Lex  Plautia  Papiria,  granting  citizen- 
ship to  Italian  allies  (90  B.  C.)»  3, 
208 

Lex  Sulplicia,  Fourth,  Roman  military- 
measure  (88  B.  C),  3,  210 

Lexington,  Massachusetts:  battle  of 
(1775),  11,  515,  23,  226 

Lexington,  Virginia:  seat  of  Virginia 
Military  Institute,  24,  772 

Leyden,  Holland:  siege  of  (1574),  13 
118 

Leyden,  John  of:  see  John  of  Leyden 

Leyden,  University  of,  Holland: 
sketch  of,  13,  169 

Leyva  y  de  la  Cerda,  Juan  de  (ca. 
iS5o),  Spanish  official  in  Mexico: 
made  viceroy  of  New  Spain,  22,  171 

Li  (ca.  1625),  a  Chinese  rebel:  cap- 
tures Peking,  6,  51;  defeated  by  Wu 
Sankwei,  53;  death  of,  54 

Li  Ching  Fang  (ca.  1890),  Chinese  en- 
voy: negotiates  treaty  of  peace  with 
Japan,  7,  273 

Li  Chiu  (ca.  1600),  Chinese  captain: 
his  campaign  against  the  Japanese 

7,  119 
Li  Han  Chang  (ca.   1875),  a  Chinese 
commissioner:  appointed  viceroy,  6, 

239 

Li  Hung  Chang  (1821-1901),  a  Chi- 
nese statesman:  secures  recognition, 
6,  153;  in  T'aip'ing  Rebellion,  198; 
campaign  against  Nienfei  rebels, 
209;  takes  command  at  Tientsin, 
226;  urges  increase  of  military  de- 
fenses, 246;  concludes  peace,  270; 
sent  as  envoy  to  Japan,  270;  made 
viceroy  of  Kwang  provinces,  279; 
appointed  plenipotentiary,  285;  ac- 
cepts terms  of  peace  with  powers, 
286;  dimissed  from  Tsungli  Yumen, 
292;  appointed  minister  plenipoten- 
tiary, 303,  305;  negotiates  conven- 
tion with  Japan,  7,  196;  negotiates 
treaty  of  peace  with  Japan,  273; 
death  of,  289 

Li  Ping-Heng  (ca.  1899),  governor  of 
Shantung:  in  Boxer  rebellion,  6, 
279;  removal  of,  297 

Li  Sei-kei  (ca.  1390),  a  Korean  gen- 
eral: revolt  of,  7,  102 

Li  Shunshin  (ca.  1575),  a  Korean  sol- 


dier: his  campaigns  against  the  Jap- 
anese, 7,  118,  120 

Li  T'aipo  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Chinese 
poet:  sketch  of,  6,  15 

Liais,  Emmanuel   (1826 ),   French 

astronomer:  organizes  the  observa- 
tory of  Rio  Janeiro,  2,  179 

Liakhov  (18th  century),  Russian  mer- 
chant and  Arctic  explorer:  explora- 
tions of,  16,  306 

Liam,  Pedro  Aranjo  de  (ca.  1830), 
Brazilian  patriot:  made  regent,  21, 
170 

Liaotung,  a  peninsula  in  southern 
Manchuria:  ceded  to  Japan,  6,  310; 
Japan  releases,  310 

Liaoyang,  Manchuria:  battle  of  (1904), 
6,  314,  7,  3io,  15,  362 

Liberal  Republican  Movement:  see 
Republican  Movement,  Liberal 

Liberal  Union,  German  political  party 
(1875):  description  of,  18,  446  note 

Liberation,  War  of:  see  Greek  War  of 
Independence 

Liberator,  The  Irish:  see  O'Connell, 
Daniel 

Liberator,  The  Russian:  see  Alexan- 
der II,  Emperor  of  Russia 

Liberator,  The  South  American:  see 
Bolivar,  Simon 

Liberia,  African  negro  republic:  re- 
sources of,  19,  162;  description  of, 
247 

Liberius,  Pope,  352-366  A.  D.:  exiled 
by  Constantius,  4,  125 

"Liberty,"  colonial  sloop:  seized  by 
authorities  for  smuggling,  23,  205 

Liberty,  The  Apostle  of:  see  Jefferson, 
Thomas 

Liberty,  Sons  of,  American  Revolu- 
tionary party:  organized,  23,  212 

"  Liberty  and  union,  now  and  forever, 
one  and  inseparable,"  closing  words 
of  Webster's  speech  (1830):  cred- 
ited, 23,  490 

Liberty  Party:  see  Abolitionist  Party 

Liberum  Veto,  Polish  legislature  regu- 
lation (15th  century):  description  of, 
15,  380 

Libno,  Treaty  of,  concluded  between 
Mathias  and  Rudolph  of  Austria 
(1608),  17,  199 


GENERAL    INDEX 


411 


Libo,  Lucius  Scribonius  (ca.  50  B.  C), 
Roman  leader:  in  battle  with  Dola- 
bella  (49  B.  C),  3,  343 

Libraries: 
ASSYRIA   and    BABYLONIA:   at 
Erech,    Larsa,    Ur,   Agade,   Asshur, 
Calah,  and  Ninevah,  I,  107 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:        Corvina 
Library,  17,   166;   Leopold  I  estab- 
lishes court  library,  189 
CHINA:  at  Hanlin   College,  6,  28; 
destroyed,  284 

DENMARK:  University  Library  at 
Copenhagen,  16,  237 
EGYPT:  Alexandrian,  1,  33,  297;  of 
the  Fatimites,  346 

ENGLAND:  Bodleian  at  Oxford, 
12,  6 

FRANCE:  established  by  Louis  IX 
at  Paris,  9,  83;  Biblotheque  Nation- 
ale  increased,  10,  363 
GERMANY:   Heidelberg,  18,  273 
GREECE:  Hadrian  establishes  pub 
lie  library,  2,  523 

ROME:  Caligula  rejects  works  of 
Virgil  and  Livy  from  public  libra- 
ries, 4,  57 

RUSSIA:  St.  Petersburg,  15,  34; 
Zaluski  Library,  199 
SOUTH  AMERICA:  at  Bogota, 
21,  92;  at  Quito,  106;  at  Guayaquil, 
108;  at  San  Juan,  Argentine  Repub- 
lic, 135 

SPAIN:  of  Omayyads,  1,  346;  at 
Cordova,  8,  xvi;  of  Alhakem  II,  78 
SWITZERLAND:  at  Zurich,  Berne, 
and  St.  Gall,  13,  452;  at  Wasser- 
kirche,  at  Schaffhausen,  Berne,  and 
Basle,  482;  monastic  libraries 
opened  (1798),  5*5 
UNITED  STATES:  at  Harvard, 
23,  91,  140;  at  College  of  William 
and  Mary,  141 ;  Congressional,  427 

Library  of  Congress,  Washington,  D. 
C:  burned  by  British  (1814),  23, 
427 

Libusa  (8th  century  A.  D.),  Bohe- 
mian princess:  career  of,  17,  29 

Libya,  northern  Africa:  relation  of 
civilization  of,  to  Crete,  2,  22 

Lichfield  House  Compact,  political 
agreement  between  the  Liberal 
Party    in    England    and    the    Irish 


emancipation  leader  (1835),  II,  594 

Lichnowsky,  Felix  Maria  Andreas, 
Prince  von  (1814-1848),  a  Prussian 
general:  murder  of,  18,  400 

Lichtenstein,  Charles  of  (ca.  1600), 
Bohemian  governor:  made  govern- 
or, 17,  207 

Lichtenstein,  Joseph  Wenzel,  Prince 
(1696-1772),  an  Austrian  general:  di- 
rects artillery,  17,  263 

Licinian  Laws  (367  B.  C),  a  series  of 
laws  to  adjust  issues  between  the 
Roman  patricians  and  plebeians  (367 
B.  C),  3,  48 

Licinius  (Caius  Flavius  Valerius  Li- 
cinianus)  (d.  324  A.  D.),  a  Roman 
Emperor:  made  Caesar,  4,  118;  his 
reign  in  the  East,  119;  death,  120 

Licinius,  Gaius  Calvus  Stolo  (4th  cen- 
tury B.  C),  a  Roman  tribune:  re- 
forms of,  3,  49 

Liebknecht,  Wilhelm  (1826- 1900),  a 
German  politician:  leads  the  Social 
Democrats,  18,  438 

Liege,  Belgium:  revolt  of  (1467),  9, 
123,  13,  44 

Liegnitz,    Prussia:    battles    of    (1241), 

15,  376;  (1760),  9,  246,  18,  340 
Liemar  (ca.  1100),  Archbishop  of  Bre- 
men: his  quarrel  with  Erik  Ejegod, 

16,  74 

Lien,  King  of  Korea,  ca.  1600:  at  war 

with  Japan,  7,  117 
Liesnoe,  Russia:  battle  of  (1708),  15, 

49 
Liestal,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1831), 

13,  537 

Lieven,  Prince  (ca.  1800),  a  Russian 
ambassador:  at  the  English  court, 
15,  296 

Light  Brigade,  Charge  of  the,  a  charge 
made  by  the  Light  Brigade  of  670 
men  on  a  Russian  battery  (1854) 
at  Balaklava:  description  of,  11,  616, 

15,  315 
Light  of  Greece,  The:  see  Corinth 
Light  of  the  World,  The:  see  Sigis- 

mund,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 
Lightning   or   Thunderbolt,   The:    see 

Stephen  II,  King  of  Hungary 
Ligny,   Belgium:   battle   of   (1815),   8, 

487,  532,  9,  362,  10,  501,  11,  568,  13, 

287,  18,  389 


412 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Ligunan  Republic,  The,  the  republic 
of  Genoa,  annexed  to  France  (1805)  : 
threatened  by  the  king  of  Sardinia, 
10,  402 

Likin  Tax  (1895),  Chinese  inland  tax; 
agreement  respecting,  6,  273,  318 

Lilienstedt  (ca.  1700),  a  Swedish  en- 
voy: represents  Sweden  at  Nystad, 
15,  68 

Liliuokalani,  Queen  of  Hawaii,  1891- 
1893:   reign  of,  20,  310;  dethroned, 

24,997 

Lille,  France:  sieges  of  (1708),  II, 
459,  18,  314;  (1792),  10,  212 

Lilybaeum,  Sicily:  sieges  of  (367  B. 
C),  2,  415;  (249  B.  C),  3,  103 

Lima,  Peru:  school  of  arts  and  trades 
established  in,  21,  203;  battle  in 
(1865),  206;  description  of,  213; 
Chilians  enter  (1881),  238 

Lima,  University  of,  Peru:  condition 
of,  under  the  Spaniards,  23,  45 

Limerick,  Ireland,  called  The  City  of 
the  Violated  Treaty:  sieges  of 
(1651),  12,  126;  (1690),  11,  438,  12, 
144;  (1691),  153 

Limerick,  Treaty  of,  concluded  be- 
tween England  and  Ireland  (1691), 
13,  153 

Limes,  Roman  fortification  wall:  built 
by  Romans,  18,  25 

Lin  (ca.  1770),  Formosan  bandit:  ac- 
count of,  6,  97 

Lin  (ca.  1830),  a  Chinese  statesman: 
sent  to  settle  opium  disputes,  6, 
132;  disgraced,  134;  denounced  by 
Emperor,  135 

Linacre,  Thomas  (1460-1524),  an  Eng- 
lish classical  scholar:  sketch  of,  II, 

239 

Lifian,  Pascual  (ca.  1800),  a  Mexican 
general:  besieges  Sombrero,  22,  250 

Linant  Pasha  (ca.  1800),  Egyptian  of- 
ficial: sketch  of,  19,  269 

Linares,  Fernando  de  Alencastre, 
Duke  of  (ca.  1700),  Mexican  vice- 
roy: his  administration  as  viceroy  of 
New  Spain,  22,  186 

Linares,  Jose  Maria  (1810-1861),  a 
Bolivian  statesman:  made  president 
of  Bolivia,  21,  188;  death  of,  189 

Lincoln,   England:   settlement   of,   II, 


19;  battles  of  (1141),  95;  (1217),  130; 
cathedral  at,  141 
Lincoln,  Abraham,  an  American 
statesman,  President  of  the  United 
States,  1861-1865,  called  The  Rail 
Splitter:  born  in  Hardin  (now  La- 
rue) County,  Kentucky,  February 
12,  1809;  his  family  moved  to  what 
is  now  Spencer  County,  Indiana, 
1816;  made  a  trading  voyage  to  New 
Orleans,  1828;  moved  to  Illinois, 
1830,  and  helped  his  father  clear  a 
farm  and  build  a  log  house  ten 
miles  west  of  Decatur;  built  a  flat- 
boat  and  made  a  voyage  to  New 
Orleans,  1831;  and  from  this  voy- 
age dates  his  deep  convictions  upon 
the  slavery  question;  took  part  in 
the  Black  Hawk  War,  1832;  was  a 
Whig  member  of  the  Illinois  State 
Legislature,  1834-1842;  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar,  1836;  was  Whig 
member  of  Congress  from  Illinois, 
1847-1849;  was  Republican  candi- 
date for  United  States  Senator,  1858, 
and  held  a  series  of  discussions  with 
Stephen  A.  Douglas  through  the 
State  of  Illinois;  was  nominated  and 
elected  President  of  the  United 
States  by  the  Republican  Party, 
i860;  was  inaugurated  President, 
March  4,  1861;  upon  his  election,  the 
secession  of  the  Southern  States  and 
the  organization  of  the  Confederate 
States  took  place;  he  called  for  75,- 
000  volunteers;  proclaimed  a  block- 
ade on  the  Southern  ports,  1861;  is- 
sued a  proclamation  emancipating 
all  slaves  in  the  States  that  had  se- 
ceded, 1863;  was  reelected  President, 
1864;  was  interested  in  the  problem 
of  reconstructing  the  South,  when 
he  was  shot  by  an  assassin  at  Ford's 
Theater,  Washington,  D.  C,  and 
died  the  day  after,  April  15,  1865 

Compared  with  Jackson,  23,  477; 
on  Dred  Scott  decision,  24,  660;  put 
forward  for  Senator,  664;  sketch  of, 
665,  668;  in  Lincoln-Douglas  de- 
bates, 667;  defeated  by  Douglas, 
670;  in  Republican  convention,  681; 
attracts    eastern    Republicans,    681; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


413 


candidate  for  President  (i860),  681; 
nominated  for  President  (i860),  682; 
inauguration,  706;  his  proclamation 
after  the  fall  of  Sumter,  715;  de- 
clares Southern  ports  to  be  block- 
aded, 723;  disavows  act  of  Captain 
Wilkes,  729;  fears  for  safety  of 
Washington,  730;  orders  McClellan 
to  West  Virginia,  732;  recognizes 
Pierpoint  as  governor  of  Virginia, 
732;  orders  Federal  advance  into 
Virginia,  734;  his  message  to  Con- 
gress (July  4,  1861),  738;  opposes 
Fremont's  abolition  policy,  742 
urges  McClellan  to  pursue  Lee,  765 
Emancipation  Proclamation,  766 
quoted  on  surrender  of  Vicksburg, 
778;  calls  upon  State  militias  for  de- 
fense against  Lee's  invasion,  779;  ad- 
dress at  Gettysburg,  783;  appoints 
Grant  lieutenant-general,  786;  his 
reelection,  799,  1381;  on  Hampton 
Roads  Conference,  809;  attitude  to- 
ward overtures  for  peace,  809;  sus- 
pends writ  of  habeas  corpus,  815; 
controversy  with  Taney,  816;  the 
Vallandigham  case,  817;  assassina- 
tion of,  826;  funeral  of,  827;  estimate 
of,  827;  plan  for  reconstruction  of 
South,  833;  last  public  speech,  839 

Lincoln,  Benjamin  (1733-1810),  an 
American  general:  commands  mili- 
tia in  Shays's  Rebellion,  23,  316; 
drives  Prevost  out  of  South  Caro- 
lina, 272;  appointed  to  command  of 
Southern  forces,  272;  surrenders 
Charleston  to  British,  273 

Lincoln,  John  de  la  Pole,  Earl  of:  see 
Pole,  John  de  la,  Earl  of  Lincoln 

Lincoln,  Robert  Todd  (1843 ),  an 

American  politician:  in  Garfield's 
cabinet,  24,  923  note;  retained  by 
Arthur,  936 

Lindet,  Robert  (ca.  1790),  a  French 
statesman:  his  report  concerning 
the  king,  10,  232 

Lindisfarne,  Monastery  of,  a  monas- 
tery on  the  island  of  Lindisfarne,  off 
the  coast  of  Northumberland: 
founded,  12,  36 

Lindsey,  Robert  Bertie,  Earl  of:  see 
Bertie,  Robert,  Earl  of  Lindsey 

Lindskold,  Erik  (ca.  1675),  a  Swedish 


noble:  aids  reform  in  Sweden,  16, 
212 

Line  of  Demarcation:  see  Demarca- 
tion, Line  of 

Linevitch,  a  Russian  general :  his  serv- 
ices in  the  Russo-Japanese  War,  7, 

313,  15,  363 

Lingeh'  ih,  Punishment  by,  the  Chi- 
nese punishment  by  slicing  to  death, 
6,  62,  85  note,  189 

Lingeres,  The:  see  Fabius  Maximus, 
Quintus 

Liniers  y  Bremont,  Jacques  Antoine 
Marie  Deliniers-Bremont  (1756- 
1810),  a  royalist  in  the  naval  service 
of  Spain:  organizes  the  Creoles  of 
the  La  Plata  provinces,  31,  57 

Linschoten,  John  Huyghen  van  (ca. 
1590),  a  Dutch  author:  publishes  a 
guide  to  India,  5,  154 

"  L'  Insurgente,"  French  frigate:  cap- 
tured, 23,  375 

Linth  Canal,  connects  the  Lake  of 
Zurich  with  the  Lake  of  Wallen- 
stadt:  built,  13,  522 

Linz,  the  capital  of  Upper  Austria  on 
the  Danube:  taken  by  Charles  Al- 
bert (1741),  17,  241;  by  the  French 
(1741),  18,  329 

Linz,  Peace  of  (1645),  between  Tran- 
sylvania and  Hungary  (1645),  17, 
227 

Lion,  The:  see  Louis  VIII,  King  of 
France;  also  William  I,  King  of 
Scotland 

Lion  of  Justice,  The:  see  Henry  I, 
King  of  England 

Lion  of  the  North,  The:  see  Gustavus 
(II)  Adolphus,  King  of  Sweden 

Lion-hearted,  The:  see  Richard  (I) 
Cceur  de  Lion,  King  of  England 

Lipany,  a  town  of  Bohemia:  battle  of 
(1434),  17,  138 

Lippe,  Count  de:  see  Schaumburg- 
Lippe 

Lippe,  Count  of  (ca.  1599),  a  German 
general:  given  command  of  the 
Army  of  the  Rhine  Circle,  13,  171 

Lisbon,  Portugal:  captured  by  Al- 
fonso the  Chaste,  8,  72;  siege  of 
(1147),  275 

Lisbon  Earthquake,  The  (i755)>  8, 
471 


414 


THE   HISTORY   OF  NATIONS 


Lisle,  Alice  (ca.  1614-1685),  an  Eng- 
lishwoman:   condemned    to    death, 

11,  423 

Lissa,  Austria-Hungary:  battle  of 
(1866),  17,  392 

Literati,  the  educated  class  of  China: 
resist  the  destruction  of  their  books, 
6,  11;  accept  the  Euclid,  34;  accept 
Christianity,  38;  massacre  of,  60;  op- 
pose Christianity,  78 

Literature: 

AFRICA:    character   of    Carthagin- 
ian, 3,  95 

ARABIA:  character  of,  I,  185; 
status  of  a  poet,  198,  199;  the  Koran, 
212;  art  of  history  unknown,  258 
ASSYRIA  and  BABYLONIA:  the 
Chaldeans,  I,  97;  incantations  and 
magical  texts,  100;  patronage  of 
Ashur-bani-pal,  90;  scope  of,  108 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  Bohemian 
legends,  17,  29;  Magyar  legends, 
42;  German  poets  in  Bohemia,  84; 
among  the  Czechs,  86;  minnesing- 
ers, 97,  98;  under  Charles  IV,  116; 
encouraged  by  Leopold  I,  187;  un- 
der Rudolf  II,  198;  scarcity  during 
Maria  Theresa's  reign,  260;  under 
Joseph  II,  272,  273;  patriotic  spirit 
in  Hungarian  writings,  334;  inter- 
est in  Czech  literature,  341;  among 
the  Slavs,  343;  renaissance  in  Bo- 
hemia, 351;  in  19th  century,  417 
CHINA:  native  histories,  6,  5; 
works  of  Confucius,  10;  burning  of 
the  classics,  n;  influence  of,  12; 
works  of  Buddha  introduced,  13; 
Augustan  Age,  14,  15;  encouraged 
by  Kublai,  25;  influence  of  Mongols 
on,  26;  dramatic,  26;  encyclopedia 
of  Chinese  literature,  31;  ideograph- 
ical and  political  record,  32;  work  of 
Michel  Roger,  34;  advance  under 
K'anghsi,  72;  Yung  Cheng  author 
of  dictionary,  73;  Jesuits  introduce 
literature  of  West,  77;  influence  of 
K'ang  Yuwei,  290 

EGYPT:  Hyksos  Kings  adopt 
Egyptian,  1,  21;  epic  poem,  26;  en- 
couraged by  Ptolemy  Philadelphus, 
34;  character  of,  53;  Book  of  the 
Dead,  54;  historical,  56;  epic  of 
Pentaur,  56;  Arabian,  346 


ENGLAND:  Caedmon's  work,  11, 
38;  Baeda's  work,  39;  encouraged  by 
Alfred  the  Great,  45;  growth  under 
Henry  II  and  Richard  I,  115;  Chau- 
cer, 176,  177;  Langland's  "Vision 
of  Piers  the  Plowman,"  169;  reign 
of  Richard  II,  187;  under  Henry 
VIII,  239;  under  Elizabeth,  301,  302; 
Milton,  331,  391;  under  Restoration, 
392,  393;  age  of  Anne,  461;  Fielding, 
494;  Burke,  510,  522,  540;  Burns, 
576;  influence  of  French  Revolution, 
577;  of  Oxford  Movement,  611;  Vic- 
torian Age,  612,  613 
FRANCE:  before  French  Revolu- 
tion, 10,  12;  University  of  France, 
449;  at  present  time,  9,  490,  491 
GERMANY:  deeds  of  Hermann 
commemorated,  18,  19;  destruction 
of  legends  and  ballads  collected  by 
Charles  the  Great,  89;  Golden  Age 
of  Epic  poetry,  177,  178;  interest  of 
Maximilian  I,  225;  effect  of  Lu- 
ther's translation  of  Bible  on,  244; 
suppressed  during  Thirty  Years' 
War,  296;  during  latter  half  of  17th 
century,  308;  interest  of  Frederick 
the  Great  in  French  literature,  326, 
332;  at  Saxe- Weimar,  353;  during 
Napoleonic  era,  10,  487,  18,  375 
GREECE:  Homeric  poetry,  2,  29; 
encouraged  by  Periander  of  Corinth, 
93;  encouraged  by  Peisistratus,  11 1; 
in  Asiatic  cities,  115;  at  Athens  (5th 
century  B.  C.)»  152;  (4th  century  B. 
C),  513;  (146  B.  C.-14  A.  D.),  521; 
effect  of  Greek  on  Roman,  523,  524 
ICELAND:  Sagas,  16,  299 
INDIA:  Vedas,  5,  25,  37,  38,  42,  43; 
of  Brahmans,  49;  dramatic,  54; 
epics,  54;  fables,  55;  Buddhism,  64; 
ballad-chronicle,  95 
IRELAND:  in  ancient  times,  12,  6; 
seventh  century,  35;  decline  after 
coming  of  Danes,  37;  revival  un- 
der Brian  Boru,  47;  Moore's  melo- 
dies, 223;  influence  of  Emancipation 
Act,  227 

ISRAEL:  among  the  exiles,  1,  414 
ITALY:  Divine  Comedy,  4,  213;  en- 
couraged   by     Alfonso    of    Naples, 
264;  patronage  of  Lorenzo  de'  Me- 
dici,  269;    during   Renaissance,   280, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


415 


281;  encouraged  by  Cosmo  de' 
Medici,  282;  interest  in,  during  15th 
century,  23,  21;  revival  of  Greek 
literature,  23;  patronage  of  the 
Popes,  4,  285;  encouraged  by  Leo 
X,  296;  Ariosto,  319;  Petrarch,  320; 
patronage  of  Ferdinand  I  of  Tus- 
cany, 320;  (1750-1800),  338;  encour- 
aged by  Clement  XIV,  341;  modern, 
407 
JAPAN:  influence  of  Chinese,  7,  16, 

34,  35,  42,  43;  poetry  of  Nara  epoch, 

35,  36;  interest  in  poetry,  43,  44; 
changes,  79,  80;  in  Muromachi 
period,  105;  under  Edo  government, 
7,  141,  142,  151;  interest  in  pure  Jap- 
anese literature,  161 

MEXICO:  of  the  Tezcocans,  22,  81; 
under  Duke  of  Albuquerque,  170; 
encouraged  by  Revilla-Gigedo,  218; 
work  of  Senor  Alegre,  421,  422 
NETHERLANDS:  14th  and  15th 
centuries,  13,  62;  work  of  Erasmus, 
63,  64;  checked  by  civil  war,  166; 
controversial  character  during  Rev- 
olution, 169;  work  of  Grotius,  219, 
220 

PERSIA:  sacred,  I,  173;  historical, 
179;  Golden  Age,  5,  327;  under  Alp 
Arslan  and  Malak  Shah,  331;  Sel- 
juk  period,  333;  at  Shiraz,  337 
PORTUGAL:  interest  in,  8,  538; 
work  of  Camoens,  542 
ROME:  among  Gallic  tribes,  3,  296; 
interest  of  Caesar,  362;  in  Age  of 
Augustus,  4,  34,  35,  38,  39,  46;  re- 
strictions under  Tiberius,  49;  en- 
couraged by  Vespasian,  82;  "  Medi- 
tations "  of  Marcus  Aurelius,  98; 
encouraged  by  Alexander,  105;  its 
literature  derived  from  East,  122; 
see  also  ITALY 

RUSSIA:  18th  century,  15,  70; 
changes  under  Peter  the  Great,  86; 
patronage  of  Ivan  Shuralov,  145; 
improvement  of  versification,  150;  in 
reign  of  Catharine  the  Great,  192, 
193.  194.  195;  influence  of  English 
literature,  193;  influence  of  Voltaire, 
Diderot  and  D'Alembert,  197;  steady 
progress  under  Alexander,  269 
SCANDINAVIA:  Sagas  and  Eddas, 


16,  6;  Gustavus  Adolphus  interested 
in,  175;  encouraged  by  Queen  Chris- 
tina, 204;  after  French  Revolution, 
264;  19th  century,  290 
SCOTLAND:  under  King  James, 
12,  293;  17th  century,  358 
SOUTH  AMERICA:  Argentine  Re- 
public, 21,  118;  Chili,  228;  Peru,  214 
SPAIN:  of  Arabs,  1,  346;  Golden 
Age  of  Arabian  literature,  8,  78;  un- 
der Carlos  III,  429 
SWITZERLAND:  at  St.  Gall's,  13, 
343;  nth  century,  346;  in  the  towns, 
360;  effect  of  political  events,  427; 
interest  in,  during  Reformation  era, 
432,  453,  454J  I7th  century,  482;  after 
Reformation,  488;  interest  in  liter- 
ature of  other  countries,  489;  18th 
century,  494 

TURKEY:  work  of  Prince  Djem, 
14,  107;  under  Suleiman  the  Great, 
144,  164,  188;  patronage  of  Ahmed 
Kiuprili,  246;  encouraged  by  Mo- 
hammed IV,  253;  patronage  of 
Ahmed  III,  293;  encouraged  by  Se- 
lim  III,  412 

UNITED  STATES:  Jews  in,  1, 
427;  absence  of  Indian  literature, 
23,  12;  New  England  in  lead  among 
colonies,  142;  during  Jacksonian 
epoch,  481;  "Uncle  Tom's  Cabin," 
638;  Philippine  Islands,  20,  368 

Lithuania,  a  former  grand  duchy  of 
Europe  afterwards  united  with  Po- 
land: expansion  of,  15,  II,  375;  its 
wars  with  Ivan  the  Great,  13;  united 
with  Poland,  16;  Charles  XII  in,  46 

Lithuanians,  the  inhabitants  of  Lith- 
uania: location  of,  15,  6,  372 

"Little  Belt,"  British  frigate:  captured 
by  the  "  President,"  23,  416 

Little  Big  Horn  River,  United  States: 
massacre  of  (1876),  24,  905 

Little  Captain,  The:  see  George  II, 
King  of  England 

Little  Corporal,  The:  see  Napoleon 
(I)  Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the 
French 

Little  Fort  Valley,  Virginia?  devasta- 
ted by  Sheridan,  24,  793 

"Little  Giant:"  see  Douglas,  Stephen 
A. 


416 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Little  Man  in  Red  Stockings,  The :  see 
Leopold  I,  Holy  Roman  emperor 

Little  Paris:  see  Brussels 

Little  Rhody:  see  Rhode  Island 

Little  Rock,  Arkansas:  Confederates 
seize  arsenal,  24,  691,  720 

Little  Round  Top,  Pennsylvania:  in 
battle  of  Gettysburg,  24,  780 

Little  Village,  The:  see  London,  Eng- 
land 

Liu  Fok-heng  (ca.  1250),  a  Chinese 
naval  commander:  commands  fleet 
for  invading  Japan,  7,  74 

Liu  Kan-yi  (ca.  1901),  viceroy  of  Man- 
churia: attempts  to  have  Manchu- 
ria opened  to  foreign  trade,  7,  288 

Liu  K'un  Yi  (ca.  1900),  a  Chinese 
statesman  in  Boxer  rebellion,  6,  304 

Liutprand  or  Luitprand,  King  of  the 
Lombards,  ca.  712-744  A.  D.:  at  war 
with  the  Pope,  18,  74;  reign  of,  4, 
168 

Liuva,  King  of  the  Goths,  6th  century 
A.  D.:  reign  of,  8,  43 

Liverpool,  Robert  Banks  Jenkinson, 
Earl  of  (1770-1828),  an  English 
statesman:    made    Prime    minister, 

11,  564 

Livia  Drusilla  (ca.  56  B.  C.-29  A.  D.), 
wife  of  Octavius:  marriage,  4,  20; 
sketch  of,  40;  death,  51 

Livian  Laws,  laws  of  Livius  Drusus 
instituting  democratic  reforms: 
passed  and  repealed,  3,  204 

Livingston,  Edward  (1764-1836), 
American  statesman:  delegate  to 
second  Continental  Congress,  23, 
229 

Livingston,  Robert  R.  (1746-1813),  an 
American  statesman:  delegate  to 
second  Continental  Congress,  33, 
229;  member  of  committee  to  draft 
a  declaration  of  independence,  240; 
administers  oath  to  Washington, 
341 ;  minister  to  France,  396 

Livingstone,  Sir  Alexander  (d.  1622), 
a  Scottish  nobleman:  claims  guard- 
ianship of  James  II  of  Scotland, 
1  a,  293 

Livingstone,  David,  a  Scottish  mis- 
sionary and  African  explorer:  born 
at  Blantyre,  near  Glasgow,  March 
19,  1813;  went  to  South  Africa  as  a 


missionary,  1840;  worked  and  trav- 
eled sixteen  years;  returned  to  Eng- 
land, 1856;  went  to  Africa  again,  as 
consul,  1858,  to  open  up  the  country 
of  the  Zambesi;  returned  to  Eng- 
land, 1864,  and  set  out  again  for  Af- 
rica, 1865,  in  the  interest  of  explora- 
tion; died  on  the  shore  of  Lake 
Bangweolo,  May  1,  1873 

Explorations  of,  19,  52;   effect  of 
his  work  in  Africa,  215,  235 

Livingstone  Central  Africa  Company, 
a  company  of  Scottish  merchants 
for  trading  in  central  Africa:  found- 
ed, 19,  235 

Livius,  Marcus  (ca.  208  B.  C),  a  Ro- 
man general:  at  battle  of  the  Me- 
taurus,  3,  128 

Livonia,  a  government  of  Russia: 
conquered  by  Peter  the  Great,  14, 
278,  15,  41;  incorporated  with  Po- 
land, 17;  acquired  by  Sweden,  22; 
passes  to  Russia,  65,  68 

Livonian  Order,  The,  an  order  of 
knights  first  established  in  Livonia: 
encroachments  of,  15,  10;  allies  of 
Alexander  of  Lithuania,  13;  at  war 
with  Ivan  the  Terrible,  17;  their 
dispute  with  Valdemar  (II)  Sejr, 
16,  86 

Livonius  (ca.  1865),  a  German  vice- 
admiral:  urges  annexation  of  Zanzi- 
bar, 19,  127 

Liwenthaal,  Alexander  (living),  a  Ger- 
man scientist:  associated  with  the 
Wellman  Expedition,  16,  340 

Ljudevit  (d.  823  A.  D.),  Croatian 
chief:  revolts  against  Frankish  rule, 
17,38 

Llewelyn  (d.  1282),  Prince  of  Wales, 
1246-1282:  career  and  death,  11,  144 

Lo  Fengluh  (19th  century),  Chinese 
statesman:  minister  to  Great  Brit- 
ain, 6,  284 

Loanda:  see  St  Paul  de  Loanda 

Lobanov  (Rostovski),  Prince  Alexei 
Borisovitch  (1825-1896),  a  Russian 
statesman:  mission  of,  15,  215;  ap- 
pointed minister  of  foreign  affairs, 
346;  death  of,  348 

Lobau,  George  Mouton,  Count  de 
(1770-1838),  a  French  soldier:  at 
battle  of  Waterloo,  9,  363,  10,  502 


GENERAL    INDEX 


417 


Lobengula  (ca.  1833-1894),  King  of 
Matabeleland,  South  Africa:  refuses 
to  conclude  treaty  with  Transvaal, 
19,  217;  at  war  with  the  British, 
233;  concludes  treaty  with  the  Eng- 
lish, 20,  230 

Lobkovitch,  Diepold  of  (ca.  1610), 
Grand  prior  of  Knights  of  Malta: 
accused  of  inciting  the  Emperor 
Mathias  against  the  Protestants,  17, 
201 

Lobkovitz,  William  of  (ca.  1615),  Aus- 
trian conspirator:  leads  conspir- 
acy, 17,  201 

Lobos  Island  Dispute,  The,  contro- 
versy between  United  States  and 
Peru  concerning  possession  of  Lo- 
bos Islands  (1852),  21,  199 

Lobositz,  Bohemia:  battle  of  (1756), 
9,  244,  15,  145,  18,  335 

Loch,  Sir  Henry  (1827 ),  English 

colonial  official:  in  Anglo-French 
wars,  6,  174,  178,  179,  180,  184 

Loch  Garry,  Scotland:  battle  of  (1655), 

«>  344 

Lochaber,  Scotland:  battle  of  (1427), 
12,  291 

Locke,  John  (1632-1704),  English  phi- 
losopher: publishes  his  "Letters  on 
Toleration,"  11,  436;  directs  the 
Board  of  Trade  and  Commerce,  20, 
89;  devises  "  Fundamental  Consti- 
tution," 23,  73,  96;  his  writings  a 
source  of  United  States  Constitu- 
tion, 330 

Lockhart,  William  Stephen  Alexan- 
der (19th  century),  English  official 
in  India:  occupies  Waziristan,  5,  277 

Lockwood,  Arctic  explorer,  1882:  ex- 
plorations of,  16,  319 

Locri,  town  in  Italy:  founded,  2,  84; 
in  hands  of  Dionysius  II,  416;  sur- 
prised by  Pyrrhus,  3,  80 

Locrians,  inhabitants  of  Locris, 
Greece:  subdued  by  Xerxes,  2,  196; 
subdued  by  Athens,  245;  revolt  from 
Athens,  248;  make  war  on  Phocis, 
397;  join  Thebes,  438;  conclude 
treaty  with  Thebes,  438;  beaten  by 
Philomelus,  460;  harassed  by  Pho- 
cians,  461;  at  Delphi,  475;  join 
^Etolian   League,   516 

Locusta   (1st  century  A.  D.),   Roman 


poisoner:  furnishes  poison  for  the 
death  of  Claudius,  4,  61;  furnishes 
poison  for  the  death  of  Briannicus, 
63 

Lodge,     Henry      Cabot     (1850 ), 

United  States  senator  and  author:  in 
Alaskan  boundary  commission,  24, 
1055;  aids  reform  of  the  Consular 
Service,  1084 

Lodi,  Bridge  of,  Italy:  battle  of 
(1796),  9,  298 

Lodi,  House  of,  Afghan  dynasty  in 
Italy:  reign  of,  5,  104 

Lodomeria,  Poland:  annexed  to  Aus- 
tria, 17,  248 

Lodz,  Russian  Poland:  growth  of,  15, 
342 

Loftus,  General  (18th  century),  Brit- 
ish soldier:  in  the  Rebellion  of  1798, 
12,  211 

"  Log  cabin  and  hard  cider,"  in  United 
States  history,  a  campaign  cry  in 
1841,  24,  523 

Logan,  John  Alexander  (1826-1886), 
American  soldier  and  statesman: 
urges  Grant  for  third  term,  24,  926; 
nominated  for  Vice-President,  943 

Logrofio,  Spain:  battle  of  (1367),  8, 
167;  siege  of  (1521),  349 

Logtown,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
Great  Britain  and  Iroquois  Indians 
(1752):  concluded,  23,  168;  English 
claims  based  on,  170 

Loizaga  (ca.  1870),  South  American 
statesman:  member  of  provisional 
government  of  Paraguay,  21,   159 

Loja,  Hadji  (ca.  1875),  Austro-Hun- 
garian  statesman:  leads  revolution 
in  Herzegonia  and  Bosnia,   17,  423 

Lok,  John  (ca.  1550),  English  trader: 
his  voyages  to  Africa,  19,  28 

Lokalar,  Finland:  battle  of  (1808),  15, 
216 

Lokoja,  Africa:  founded,  19,  50 

Lollards,  religious  sect  in  Holland: 
followers  of  Wycliffe,  11,  175;  per- 
secution of,  196 

Lomakin  (ca.  1875),  Russian  general: 
defeated  by  the  Tekkes,  5,  307 

Lombard  League,  defensive  alliance 
of  cities  of  Lombardy:  formed,  4, 
194 

Lombardini    (19th    century),   Mexican 


418 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


soldier:  made  general-in-chief  of 
Mexican  army,  22,  369 

Lombards,  Germanic  tribe:  conquer 
northern  Italy,  2,  533;  rise  of,  4, 
163;  settle  in  Pannonia  and  Noricum, 
17,  17;  location  of,  18,  6;  summoned 
to  Italy,  51;  invade  Switzerland,  61 

Lombardy,  northern  Italy:  its  relation 
to  Austria,  17,  4 

Lome,  Dupuy  de,  Spanish  minister  at 
Washington,  1898:  his  letter  con- 
cerning President  McKinley,  24, 
1024 

Lomenie  de  Brienne,  fitienne  Charles 
de:  see  Brienne,  fitienne  Charles  de 
Lomenie  de 

Lomonosov,  Michael  Vassilievitch 
(1711-1765),  Russian  poet:  sketch 
of,  15,  150,  192 

Lonato,  Italy:  battle  of  (1796),  9,  299 

London  (Londinium),  England,  called 
The  City  of  Masts,  The  Little  Vil- 
lage, and  The  Modern  Babylon: 
center  of  trade,  4,  75;  founding  of, 
11,  12;  sacked  by  Northmen,  42; 
surrendered  by  Danes  to  Alfred, 
43;  loses  its  charter,  413 

London,  Tower  of,  fortified  castle  in 
London:  built  by  William  the  Con- 
queror, 11,  73 

London,  Treaties  of:  (IT43),  a  treaty 
between  Scotland  and  England,  12, 
305;  (1641),  a  treaty  between  Scot- 
land and  England,  339;  (1827),  a 
treaty  between  England,  France, 
and  Russia,  14,  423.  15,  275,  17,  325 

London  Bridge,  first  bridge  across 
Thames:  built,  II,  177 

London  Company,  a  company  to  pro- 
mote colonization  in  America:  char- 
tered, 23,  56 

London  Conferences,  The  (1830),  con- 
ference of  representatives  of  Aus- 
tria, France,  Russia,  Prussia,  and 
England  to  settle  future  of  Belgium, 
13,  298,  15,  288;  (1840),  England, 
France,  Austria,  Prussia,  and  Rus- 
sia, 15,  292;  (1852),  between  Austria 
and  Prussia,  16,  273,  17,  390,  18,  403 

London  Fire,  The,  fire  which  devas- 
tated large  pant  of  city  (1666),  11, 
388 


London  Missionary  Society:  work  of, 
19,  94,  212 

Londonderry  (Derry),  Ireland:  siege 
of  (1689),  11,  437,  12,  134 

Londonderry,  Robert  Stewart,  Marquis 
of:  see  Stewart,  Robert 

Lone  Star  State,  The:  see  Texas 

Long  Island,  New  York:  battle  of 
(1776),  23,  243 

Long  Parliament,  The,  in  English  his- 
tory, the  Parliament  which  met  un- 
der Charles  I  and  carried  on  the 
Civil  War  (1640-1660):  summoned, 
n,  337',  dissolved,  374 

Long  Walls  of  Athens:  built,  2,  242; 
destroyed,  378;  rebuilt  by  Conon, 
402 

Longbeard,  William:  see  Fitzosbert, 
William 

Longchamps,  William  of:  see  William 
of  Longchamps 

Longfellow,  Henry  Wadsworth  (1807- 
1882),  American  poet  and  novelist: 
in  American  literature,  23,  481 

Longinus,  Dionysius  Cassius  (210-273 
A.  D.),  a  Greek  critic  and  philoso- 
pher: advises  Zenobia,  4,  in 

Longinus,  Quintus  Cassius  (ca.  50  B. 
C),  Roman  general:  revolt  of  his 
legions,  3,  356 

Longjumeau,  Peace  of,  concluded  be- 
tween French  Catholics  and  Protes- 
tants (1568),  9,  156 

Longobards:  see  Lombards 

Longstreet,  James  (1821-1904),  Ameri- 
can Confederate  general:  at  Bull 
Run,  24,  763;  in  plan  for  invasion  of 
North,  764;  his  corps  detached  from 
Lee's  army,  771;  at  Gettysburg,  780; 
retrieves  Rosecran's  mistake  at 
Chickamauga,  783;  in  battle  of  the 
Wilderness,  788 

Longueville,  Anne  Genevieve  de  Bour- 
bon Conde,  Duchess  of  (1619-1679), 
French  noblewoman:  rouses  Tu- 
renne  against  the  court,  9,  203 

Longueville,  Charles  Paris  d'  Orleans, 
Duke  of  (1640-1672),  French  gen- 
eral: revolt  of,  9,  198;  arrested,  202; 
death  of,  210 

Longwy,  France:  siege  of  (1792),  10, 
205,  18,  356 


GENERAL    INDEX 


419 


Loochoo,  Islands  of,  southwest  of 
Japan:  sketch  of  the  history  of,  7, 
192 

Lookout  Mountain,  Tennessee:  battle 
of  (1863),  24,  785    , 

Lopez,  Carlos  Antonio  (1795-1862),  a 
Paraguayan  statesman:  granted  ex- 
ecutive power  in  Paraguay,  21,  155; 
made  president  of  Paraguay,  155 

Lopez,  Francisco  Solano  (1826-1870), 
a  Paraguayan  statesman:  made  vice- 
president  of  Paraguay,  21,  155; 
sketch  of,  156;  death  of,  160 

Lopez,  Martin  (ca.  1500),  a  Spanish 
ship  builder:  builds  ships  for  Cor- 
tez,  22,  45 

Lopez,  Narcisso  (1798-1851),  a  Span- 
ish-American general:  his  filibuster- 
ing expedition  to  Cuba,  20,  327,  22, 
452,  24,  625 

Lopez,  Stanislas  (ca.  1800),  an  Argen- 
tine patriot:  opposes  Rivadaria,  21, 
121 

Lopez,  Jordan  (ca.  1850),  an  Argen- 
tine patriot:  leads  insurrections, 
21,  133,  134 

Lopez  y  Mendez,  Luis  (ca.  1800),  a 
Bolivian  patriot:  his  mission  to 
England,  21,  59,  67 

Lopez  y  Planes,  Vicente  (1 784-1 856), 
an  Argentine  jurist  and  politician: 
provisional  president  of  Argentina, 
21,  122,  127 

Lorca,  Spain:  battle  of,  8,  69 

Lorch,  Archbishop  of:  see  Pilgrim, 
Archbishop  of  Lorch 

Lord,  an  English  title  of  nobility: 
origin  of  name,  II,  20 

Lord,  The  Silken:  see  Fitzgerald, 
Garrett,  Earl  of  Kildare 

Lords  of  the  Congregation,  league  of 
English  nobles:  organized,  11,  277, 
12,  312 

Lords  Ordainers,  barons  appointed 
(1310),  to  regulate  government  ordi- 
nances in  England,  n,   153 

Lorenzana  y  Butran,  Francisco  An- 
tonio (1722-1804),  a  Spanish  prelate 
and  historian:  publishes  Cortez's 
letters,  22,  209 

Loria,  Roger  di  (d.  1305),  an  Italian 
admiral:  in  the  war  between  Aragon 
and  France,  4,  258,  9,  85 


Lome  (ca.  500  A.  D.),  Irish  chief: 
leads   colonists  to   Scotland,   12,  38 

Lorraine,  a  region  on  the  border  be- 
tween France  and  Germany:  divid- 
ed, 13,  21 

Lorraine,  Charles  of  Guise,  Cardinal 
of  (1525-1574):  regent  for  Francis 
II  of  France,  149 

Lorraine,  Charles  IV,  Duke  of  (1604- 
1675),  an  Austrian  general:  at  war 
with  Louis  XIII  of  France,  9,  189; 
defeated  by  Gustavus  Adolphus,  18, 
281;  relieves  Vienna,  303 

Lorraine,  Charles  V,  Duke  of  (1643- 
1690),  an  Austrian  general:  at  war 
with  Louis  XIII  of  France,  9,  189; 
defeated  by  Turenne,  211;  his  cam- 
paign against  the  French,  217 

Lorraine,  Charles  of  (1712-1780),  an 
Austrian     general:      campaigns     of 

(1744),  18,  33o;   (1757),  337 
Lorraine,  Charles  of,  Duke  of  Guise 

(1571-1640),     a     French    nobleman: 

claims  throne  of  France,  9,  168;  his 

campaign  in  the  Thirty  Years'  War, 

191 
Lorraine,  Frangois  of,  Duke  of  Guise: 

see    Guise,    Francois    de    Lorraine, 

Duke  of 
Lorraine,  Henry  of,  Duke  of  Guise: 

see  Henry  of  Guise 
Lorraine,    Henry   of,    Count    of   Har- 

court  (1601-1666),  a  French  general: 

his   campaign  in  the  Thirty  Years' 

War,  9,  193 
Lorraine,   Rene,   Duke  of:   see   Rene, 

Duke  of  Lorraine 
Los  Angeles,  California:  taken  by  the 

Americans,  22,  297;  Chinese  riots  at, 

24,  920 
Los    Islands,    off   the    west    coast    of 

Africa:  given  to  France,  20,  281 
Losecoat  Field:  see  Stamford,  Battle 

of 
Lost  Colony,  Roanoke,  Virginia:  ap- 
plication  of  term,  23,   53 
Lostwithiel,  England:  battle  of  (1644), 

11,  349 

Lot,  Michael  (ca.  1550),  an  Arctic  ex- 
plorer: aids  Frobisher,  16,  301 

Lothair  I,  Emperor  of  the  Holy  Ro- 
man Empire,  840-855  A.  D.:  asso- 
ciated with  Louis  I  as  emperor,  9, 


420 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


47,  18,  90;  revolt  of,  9,  48,  18,  91; 
defeated  by  his  brothers,  18,  92; 
agrees  to  terms  of  the  Partition  of 
Verdun,  93;  reign  of,  4,  178,  18,  95; 
death  of,  9,  51 

Lothair  (II)  the  Saxon,  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1125-1137:  honors  Knud 
Hlaford,  16,  76;  elected  King  of 
Germany,  18,  141;  crowned  em- 
peror, 143 

Lothair  I  (ca.  500  A.  D.),  Frankish 
king:  reign  of,  9,  24 

Lothair  II  (d.  ca.  670  A.  D.),  Frank- 
ish king:  reign  of,  9,  34 

Lothair  III,  King  of  France,  954-986 
A.  D.:  reign  of,  9,  58,  18,  116 

Lothaire  (d.  869  A.  D.),  King  of  Lor- 
raine: reign  of,  9,  51 

Lothian,  a  former  division  of  Scot- 
land: ceded  to  a  Scottish  king,  11, 

Si 

Lotteries  in  America:  used  to  support 
colonial  colleges,  23,  142;  legislation 
against,  24,  973 

Loudon,  Earl  of  (ca.  1750),  British 
soldier:  made  commander-in  chief  of 
forces  in  America,  23,  184;  plans 
attack  upon  Louisburg,  186 

Loudun,  Treaty  of,  concluded  between 
Louis  XIII  and  the  French  Prot- 
estant party  (1616),  9,  179 

Lough  Swilly,  Ireland:  battle  of 
(1798),   12,  214 

Louis:  see  also  Lewis,  Ludwig,  and 
Luis 

Louis  (I)  the  Pious  (778-840),  Holy 
Roman  Emperor,  814-840:  crowned 
King  of  Aquitaine,  9,  43,  18,  81; 
campaigns  against  the  Mohamme- 
dans, 8,  219,  220;  acknowledged  as 
emperor,  9,  44,  18,  88;  deposes 
Bernard  of  Italy,  4,  178;  his  efforts 
to  convert  the  Northmen,  16,  25; 
reign  of,  9,  46,  18,  89 

Louis  the  German  (ca.  804-876),  King 
of  Germany,  843-876:  crowned  King 
of  Bavaria,  18,  90;  revolt  of,  91;  at 
war  with  Lothaire,  9,  49;  becomes 
King  of  Germany,  18,  92;  defeats 
the  Moravians,  17,  31;  reign  of,  18, 

95 
Louis   (II)   the  Young   (ca.  822-875), 


Holy  Roman  Emperor,  855-875: 
reign  of,  9,  51;  death  of,  18,  96 

Louis  (III)  the  Child  (893-911),  King 
of  Germany,  900-911:  reign  of,  18, 
100 

Louis  (IV)  the  Bavarian  (1286-1347), 
Holy  Roman  Emperor,  13 14-1347: 
claims  imperial  throne,  13,  364;  reign 
of  18,  187;  campaigns  in  Italy,  4, 
219;  at  war  with  Margaret  Mau- 
tasche,  17,  101;  gives  his  support  to 
Edward  III  of  England,  xi,  158; 
Valdemar  IV  at  the  court  of,  16, 
114 

Louis,  King  of  Aquitaine:   see  Louis 

I,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

Louis  I,  King  of  Bohemia:  see  Louis 

II,  King  of  Hungary 

Louis  I,  King  of  France:  see  Louis  I, 
Holy  Roman  Emperor 

Louis  (II)  the  Stammerer  (846-879), 
King  of  France,  877-879:  reign  of, 
9,  52,  18,  96 

Louis  (III)  the  Younger  (ca.  825- 
882),  King  of  France,  879-882:  reign 
of,  9,  52,  18,  96 

Louis  (IV)  d'  Outre  Mer  (921-954), 
King  of  France,  936-954:  reign  of, 
9>  55»*  joins  conspiracy  against  Otto 
I,  18,  no;  calls  for  aid  against  Duke 
Hugo,  in 

Louis  V  (966-987),  King  of  France, 
986-987:  reign  of,  9,  59 

Louis  VI  (ca.  1078-1137),  King  of 
France,  1108-1137:  reign  of,  9,  71 

Louis  (VII)  the  Young  (ca.  1120- 
1180),  King  of  France,  1137-1180; 
associated  in  the  government  with 
Louis  VI,  9,  72;  reign  of,  73;  in  the 
Second  Crusade,  18,  145;  divorces 
Eleanor  of  Aquitaine,  11,  96 

Louis  VIII  (1 187-1226),  King  of 
France,  1223-1226,  called  The  Lion: 
invades  England,  9,  77,  11,  128;  ex- 
communicated, 11,  129;  defeated  at 
Lincoln,   IX,  130;  reign  of,  9,  80 

Louis  (IX),  Saint  (1215-1270),  King 
of  France,  1226-1270:  reign  of,  9, 
80;  mediation  of,  18,  166;  solicits 
Hakon's  aid,  16,  99;  arbitrates  be- 
'tween  Henry  III  and  the  barons,  11, 
140 


GENERAL    INDEX 


421 


Louis  X  ( 1289-13 16),  King  of  France, 
1314-1316:  reign  of,  9,  89 

Louis  XI  (1423-1483),  King  of  France, 
1461-1483,  called  the  French  Tibe- 
rius: reign  of,  9,  121 ;  his  feud  with 
Charles  the  Rash  6f  Burgundy,  13, 
43,  18,  217,  218;  leads  rebellion 
against  military  reforms,  9,  117; 
marries  Charlotte  of  Savoy,  119; 
reconciles  Warwick  and  Margaret, 
11,  217;  concludes  treaty  with  the 
Swiss,  13,  405;  his  relations  with 
Juan  II  of  Aragon,  8,  266;  his  rela- 
tions with  Alfonso  V  of  Portugal, 

317 

Louis  XII  (1462-1515),  King  of 
France,  1498-1515,  called  the  Just 
and  the  Father  of  Letters:  claims 
guardianship  of  Charles  VIII,  9, 
126;  campaigns  of,  18,  227;  invades 
Italy,  4,  291;  11,  229,  236;  concludes 
treaty  with  Ferdinand  the  Catholic, 
8,  270;  marries  Mary  Tudor,  11, 
237;  reign  of,  9,  132,  13,  420;  death 
of,  11,  237 

Louis  XIII  (1601-1643),  King  of 
France,  1610-1643,  called  the  Just: 
birth  of,  9,  173;  reign  of,  177;  mar- 
ries Ana  of  Spain,  8,  375;  at  war 
with  Philip  IV  of  Spain,  378;  claims 
throne  of  the  Netherlands,  381;  in 
the  Thirty  Years'  War,  18,  285,  289; 
death  of,  13,  214 

Louis  (XIV)  le  Grand,  King  of 
France,  1643-1715:  born  at  St.  Ger- 
main en  Laye,  September  5  (16?), 
1638;  ascended  the  throne  on  the 
death  of  his  father,  Louis  XIII, 
1643;  during  his  minority  his 
mother,  Anne  of  Austria,  and  Car- 
dinal Mazarin  governed  the  coun- 
try; assumed  the  governing  power 
himself  after  the  death  of  Mazarin, 
1661;  appointed  as  minister  of  fi- 
nance, Colbert,  whose  reforms  in- 
creased the  treasury  receipts  enor- 
mously while  at  the  same  time  they 
promoted  industry  and  economy; 
conferred  the  portfolio  of  war  on 
Louvois,  who  transferred  the  army 
into  the  most  perfect  military  or- 
ganization in  Europe;  fought  with 
Spain  to   support  his   claim   to  the 


Spanish  Netherlands,  1667-1668;  this 
war  was  ended  by  the  Treaty  of 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  which  gave  to 
Louis  a  number  of  towns  on  the 
Belgian  frontier;  at  war  with  Hol- 
land, who  was  supported  by  the 
Emperor,  Spain,  Brandenburg,  and 
Sweden,  1672-1678;  by  the  Peace  of 
Nymwegen,  1678,  he  obtained  the 
whole  of  Franche-Comte  and 
Alsace;  annexed  Strassburg,  1681, 
and  Luxembourg,  1684;  revoked  the 
Edict  of  Nantes,  1685;  secretly  mar- 
ried Madame  Maintenon,  1685;  Hol- 
land, Austria,  Spain,  Bavaria,  and 
Savoy  formed  the  League  of  Augs- 
burg against  him,  1686,  and  al- 
though he  gained  victory  after  vic- 
tory he  was  obliged  to  give  up  all 
his  conquests  by  the  Peace  of  Rys- 
wick,  1697;  was  involved  in  the  War 
of  Spanish  Succession,  1701-1714, 
which  was  very  disastrous  both  to 
Louis  and  to  France;  died  at  Ver- 
sailles, France,  September  1,  1715 

Birth  of,  9,  189;  ambitions  of,  13, 
235;  sends  a  force  against  Genoa, 
4,  325;  marries  Maria  Teresa  of 
Spain,  8,  379;  his  position  on  the 
Continent,  18,  298;  reign  of,  9,  199, 
18,  298;  his  relations  with  Switzer- 
land, 13,  477;  his  relations  with 
Sweden,  16,  211,  218;  Denmark  takes 
up  arms  against,  234;  encourages 
hostility  of  Turkey  against  Austria, 
14,  259;  James  II  befriended  by, 
23,  157;  befriends  Philip  of  Anjou, 
160;   his  relations  with   Russia,   15, 

57 

Louis  XV  (1710-1774),  King  of 
France,  1715-1774:  reign  of,  9,  227, 
10,  22;  marriage  of,  15,  118,  383; 
aids  Stanislas  Lesczinsky,  18,  323;  in 
the  Polish  war,  15,  119;  mediates 
with  Turkey,  123;  supports  Charles 
Albert's  claims,  18,  329;  enters  the 
Treaty  of  Nymphenberg,  16,  227; 
makes  an  alliance  with  Maria 
Theresa,  18,  334;  expels  Jesuits 
from   France,  8,  419 

Louis  XVI,  King  of  France,  1774-1793, 
called  The  Martyr  King  and  Mon- 
sieur Veto:  born  at  Versailles,  Au- 


422 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


gust  23,  1754;  married  Marie  Antoi- 
nette, 1770;  when  he  succeeded  his 
grandfather,  1774,  the  finances  were 
in  a  very  bad  condition  for  which 
there  was  two  remedies  —  a  restric- 
tion of  the  expenses,  which  the 
queen  and  the  court  opposed,  and 
taxing  the  privileged  classes,  which 
the  Parlement  opposed;  hoping  to 
find  a  third  expedient,  he  sum- 
moned, 1789,  the  States-General, 
which  had  not  met  in  175  years; 
when  the  representatives  of  the 
Third  Estate  were  refused  a  seat 
with  the  other  estates,  the  Assembly 
was  divided  into  factions;  too  late 
the  king  yielded  to  its  demands,  and 
the  republic  was  declared,  1792; 
Louis,  after  a  mock  trial  by  the 
Convention,  was  guillotined  at 
Paris,  January  21,  1793 

Birth  of,  9,  241;  protects  Rulhiere, 
I5.  159;  accession  of,  10,  25;  reign 
of,  9,  253;  urges  European  interven- 
tion against  Russia,  14,  347,  349; 
and  the  French  Revolution,  23,  358; 
at  the  meeting  of  the  assembly 
(1789),  10,  52;  surrounds  Paris 
with  troops,  54;  before  the  Ver- 
sailles assembly,  71;  given  title  of 
Restorer  of  French  Liberty,  75; 
goes  to  Paris  from  Versailles,  97;  at 
the  confederation  of  the  kingdom, 
122;  receives  announcement  of  as- 
sistance from  the  coalition,  136;  sets 
out  for  Montmedy,  137;  arrested  at 
Varennes,  138;  suspension  of,  140; 
declaration  of  Pilnitz  regarding,  143; 
closes  the  assembly,  145;  his  recep- 
tion of  the  deputies  announcing  the 
opening  of  the  National  Legisla- 
tive Assembly,  151;  question  in  the 
assembly  as  to  the  manner  of  ad- 
dressing him,  152;  his  speech  at  the 
assembly,  153;  sanctions  the  decree 
of  the  assembly  respecting  his 
brother,  158;  puts  his  veto  on  de- 
crees respecting  the  emigrants  and 
the  dissentient  priests,  159;  message 
to,  from  the  assembly  respecting  the 
neighboring  princes,  162;  intimidat- 
ed by  the  impeachment  of  Delasart, 
168;  visits  the  assembly  with  a  view 


to  the  question  of  war,  171;  dis- 
misses the  Girondist  ministry,  176; 
riots  of  the  petitioners,  180;  pro- 
posal of  Lafayette  for  him  to  go  to 
Compiegne,  181 ;  reviews  the  de- 
fenders of  the  chateau  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  10th  of  August,  193;  treat- 
ment of,  on  leaving  the  Tuileries, 
195;  imprisoned  in  the  Temple,  198; 
his  trial  demanded,  226,  230;  brought 
to  the  bar  of  the  convention,  232; 
Malesherbes  offers  to  be  his  de- 
fender, 233;  the  defense,  234;  con- 
demned to  death,  235;  his  conduct 
on  hearing  the  sentence,  237;  his 
character,  238;  death  of,  9,  282,  10, 
237,  ix,  541,  17,  281,  18,  356 

Louis  XVII  (1785-1795),  titular  King 
of  France,  son  of  Louis  XVI:  pro- 
claimed king,  9,  285;  death  of,  294 

Louis  XVIII  (Stanislas  Xavier) 
(1755-1824),  King  of  France,  1814- 
1824,  called  the  Father  of  his  Coun- 
try: elected  member  of  the  States- 
General,  10,  39;  declared  deprived 
of  regency,  9,  272;  at  Mittau,  15, 
205,  207;  decree  of  the  assembly,  10, 
158;  recognized  as  king,  9,  294;  re- 
turns to  Paris,  10,  496,  17,  312;  ac- 
cession of,  9,  350,  10,  498,  II,  568; 
reign  of,  9,  355;  death  of,  382 

Louis  (I)  the  Great  (1326-1382),  King 
of  Hungary,  1342-1382:  invades 
Naples,  4,  252,  260;  his  reign  in  Po- 
land, 15,  377;  reign  of,  as  King  of 
Hungary,  17,   152 

Louis  II  (I,  King  of  Bohemia),  King 
of  Hungary,  1516-1526:  account  of, 
14,  147;  affianced  to  Mary  of  Aus- 
tria, 17,  167,  175;  marries  Mary  of 
Austria,  176;  reign  of,  168;  his  reign 
as  King  of  Bohemia,  149;  death  of, 
ISO 

Louis  (I)  of  Anjou  (1330-1384),  titu- 
lar King  of  Naples:  claims  regency 
for  Charles  VI  of  France,  9,  106 

Louis  (II)  of  Anjou  (1377-1417), 
King  of  Naples:  claims  throne  of 
Naples,  4,  261;  reign  of,  261 

Louis  (1784-1864),  Archduke  of  Aus- 
tria: made  member  of  council  of  re- 
gency,  17,   345 

Louis    (late    17th  century),   Margrave 


GENERAL    INDEX 


423 


of  Baden:  his  campaigns,  17,  231, 
18,  304,  313 

Louis  the  Moor,  Duke  of  Milan:  see 
Sforza,  Ludovico 

Louis  (15th  century),  Duke  of  Savoy: 
reign  of,  4,  278 

Louis  de  Male  (1330-1384),  Count  of 
Flanders:  recognizes  liberty  of 
Flanders,  13,  34;  solicits  aid  from 
Charles  V  of  France,  9,  106;  his 
struggles  to  retain  his  throne,  107 

Louis  (early  17th  century),  Count  of 
Nassau,  nephew  of  William  of 
Orange:  his  expedition  against 
Cadiz,  13,  163;  at  battle  of  Nieu- 
port,   174 

Louis  (ca.  1256),  Count  Palatine:  at 
war  with  Hungary,  17,  74 

Louis  of  Bourbon,  Prince  of  Conde: 
see  Conde,  Louis  of  Bourbon, 
Prince  of 

Louis  of  Bourbon  (15th  century), 
Bishop  of  Liege:  revolt  of  his  sub- 
jects, 13,  44 

Louis  of  Cressy  (d.  1346),  Count  of 
Bruges:  reign  of,  13,  32 

Louis  of  Nassau  (1538-1574),  a  Dutch 
soldier,  brother  of  William  of  Or- 
ange: sketch  of,  13,  86;  at  the  Duffle 
Conference,  93;  campaigns  of,  8, 
359,  13,  109 

Louis,  Baron  (early  19th  century),  a 
French  statesman:  made  minister  of 
finance,  9,  356,  370,  399 

Louis  Philippe  (1773-1850),  King  of 
France,  1830-1848,  called  The  Citi- 
zen King,  King  Smith,  King  of  the 
Barricades,  and  the  Napoleon  of 
Peace:  his  early  career,  10,  250  note; 
his  campaign  against  Napoleon,  9, 
360;  made  lieutenant-general  of  the 
kingdom,  392;  accession  of,  to 
throne,  9,  393,  18,  395;  reign  of, 
9,  394;  abdication  of,  9,  434,  18,  398 

Louisa  of  England  (18th  century), 
Queen  of  Frederick  V  of  Denmark: 
her   character,   16,   239 

Louisa  of  Mecklenburg  (18th  cen- 
tury), wife  of  Frederick  IV  of  Den- 
mark: her  extravagant  tastes,  16, 
239 

Louisburg,    Nova    Scotia;    established 


(1744),  23,  163;  captured  by  Eng- 
lish (1745),  20,  107;  (1758),  11,  500, 
20,  117,  23,  164,  165,  188;  restored 
to  French,  23,  166 
Louise  (1776-1810),  wife  of  Frederick 
William  III  of  Prussia:  at  Tilsit,  18, 

373 
Louise     (b.     1830 ),     Infanta     of 

Spain:   marries   Duke   of   Montpen- 

sier,  8,  501 
Louise    Isabelle    (ca.    1725),   daughter 

of  the  Due  d'  Orleans:  betrothed  to 

Luis,  eldest  son  of  Philip  of  Spain, 

8,  408 

Louise  of  Savoy  (1476-1531),  mother 
of  Francis  I  of  France;  proposes 
marriage  to  the  Duke  of  Bourbon,  9, 
139;    negotiates   the    Ladies'    Peace, 

9,  141 

Louisiana,  one  of  the  Southern  States 
of  the  United  States,  called  the 
Creole    State:    Acadians    in    (1755), 

23,  181;  ceded  to  Spain  (1763),  II, 
505,  23,  198;  retroceded  to  France 
(1800),  8,  484;  ceded  to  the  United 
States,  8,  484,  9,  320,  20,  130,  136, 
269,  304,  22,  286;  purchased,  23,  395; 
importance  of  purchase  of,  in 
American  history,  399;  uncertain 
boundaries  of,  443;  citizenship  in- 
sured in  purchase,  445;  admitted,  23, 
451,  24,  568;  slavery  in,  23,  451,  453, 

24,  568;  in  Missouri  compromise, 
23,  455;  outbreak  against  Spanish 
in  New  Orleans,  24,  625;  delegates 
withdraw  from  Democratic  conven- 
tion, 679;  secession,  689;  Confeder- 
ates seize  Forts  St.  Philip,  Jackson, 
and  Livingston,  691;  Confederates 
seize  United  States  mint  at  New  Or- 
leans, 692;  reconstruction  policy  of 
Lincoln,  833;  reconstruction  effects 
in,  867;  dispoiled  by  carpet  bag  gov- 
ernor, 867;  end  of  carpet  bag  rule, 
873;  governorship  contests  in,  872 
note;  negro  franchise  in,  873; 
Presidential  election  of  1876,  910; 
its  plan  of  government  used  as  the 
model  for  governing  canal  zone, 
1062 

Louisiana  Plan  of  Reconstruction: 
favored  by  Lincoln,  24,  839 


424 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  (1901)  : 
Congress  passes  bill  for  loan  to,  24, 

1053 
Louisiana  State  Lottery:  account  of, 

34,  973 

Louisville,  Kentucky:  objective  point 
of  Bragg's  invasion,  24,  yjy,  expo- 
sition at,  940 

Louvain  (Louvaine),  Belgium:  battles 
of  (891  A.  D.),  16,  23,  18,  98;  (1831), 
I3>  301;  expels  the  patrician  fami- 
lies, 13,  30;  siege  of  (1635),  13,  212 

Louvain,  University  of,  Belgium: 
founded  (1426),  13,  63 

Louvet  de  Couvray,  Jean  Baptiste 
(1760-1797),  French  revolutionist: 
incites  insurrection  in  the  depart- 
ments, 9,  284 

Louvois,  Frangois  Michel  le  Tellier, 
Marquis  of  (1641-1691),  French 
statesman:  creates  a  new  army  for 
France,  9,  208;  orders  ravaging  of 
the  Palatinate,  217 

Lovejoy,  Elijah  Parish  (1802-1837), 
American  clergyman  and  journalist, 
an  opponent  of  slavery;   death,  24, 

575 

Lovel,  Francis,  Viscount  Lovel  (d. 
1487):  rebellion  of,  II,  224;  joins 
insurrection  of  Lambert  Simmel, 
224;  death,  225 

Lovell,  James  (18th  century),  an 
American  statesman:  plots  against 
Washington,  23,  261 

Lovers,  War  of  the,  uprisings  in 
France  during  reign  of  Henry  III, 
9,  160 

Lovtcha,  Bulgaria:  battle  of  (1877), 
14,  482 

Low,  Sir  Robert  Cunliffe  (b.  1838) 
British  general:  his  campaign  for 
the  relief  of  Chitral  (1895),  5,  278 

Low  Archipelago:  see  Tuamotu 
Islands 

Lowell,  James  Russell  (1819-1891),  an 
American  poet  and  diplomat:  in 
American  literature,  23,  481;  quoted 
on  effect  of  bombardment  of  Fort 
Sumter,  24,  715 

Lowenhaupt,  Count  Adam  Ludwig 
(1659-1719),  Swedish  soldier:  cam- 
paign of,  15,  48,  49 


Lowenhaupt,  Carl  Emil  (18th  cen- 
tury), Swedish  commander:  with- 
draws from  Russia,  15,  131 

Lowentahl  (Lowendal),  Count  Fred- 
eric Waldemar  of  (1700-1755), 
French  soldier:  takes  Bergen-op- 
Zoom  (1747),  9,  240 

Lowenwold,  Count  (18th  century), 
Russian  nobleman:  banishment  of, 
15,  138 

Lower  Austria,  province  of  Austria- 
Hungary:  united  with  Hungary 
and  Bohemia,  17,  3;  relics  of 
the  stone  age  found  in,  10;  in- 
vaded by  the  Slavs,  19;  surrendered 
to  the  Empire,  75;  in  the  struggle 
against  the  French  Revolution,  286; 
revolutionary  ideas  in,  349;  revolu- 
tion of  1848,  361 

Lower  Bengal,  India:  conquered  by 
Bakhtiyar  Khilji  (1203),  5,  96;  early 
history  of,  107;  captured  by  Akbar, 

113 

Lower  California,  Mexico:  William 
Walker  attempts  to  make  a  repub- 
lic of,  24,  626 

Lower  Ganges  Canal,  India:  sketch  of, 
5,  223 

Lower  Lorraine,  Charles,  Duke  of 
(10th  century  A.  D.):  defeated  by 
Hugh  Capet,  18,  119 

Lower  Peru,  South  America:  see  Peru 

Lowestoft,  England:  battle  of  (1665), 
11,  386 

Lowndes,  William  (ca.  1810),  Ameri- 
can politician:  in  Congress  during 
War  of  1812,  23,  417 

Lowoestine  (19th  century),  comman- 
der of  French  National  Guard: 
assists  schemes  of  Napoleon  III,  9, 
442 

Lozano,  patriot  of  Bogota,  South 
America:  death  of,  21,  65 

Lubeck,  Germany,  founded,  11,  43,  18, 
146;  a  member  of  the  Hanseatic 
League,  174;  attacked  by  Christo- 
pher, 16,  131;  surrenders  to  Wallen- 
stein,  18,  276;  recovered  from  the 
French,  382 

Lubeck,  Chronicle  of:  quoted,  16,  120 

Lubeck,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  concluded 
between  Christian  IV  of  Denmark 


GENERAL    INDEX 


425 


and  the  German  Emperor  (1629), 
16,  201,  9,  190 

Liibecker,  General:  campaign  of,  15. 
48;  in  Finland,  64 

Lublue,  Diet  of,  an  agreement  by 
which  the  political  union  of  Poland 
and  Lithuania  was  proclaimed 
(1569),  15,  377 

Lucan,  George  Charles  Bingham,  Earl 
of  (1800-1888),  an  English  general: 
in  the  Crimean  War,  15,  311,  315 

Lucaniaus,  southern  Italian  tribe:  vic- 
tories in  southern  Italy,  3,  65 

Lucar,  Spain:  battle  of  (1875),  8,  515 

Lucas,  Charles  (17th  century),  a 
Dublin  apothecary:  leader  of  the 
Popular  Party,  12,  173 

Lucca,  province  of  Italy:  given  to  the 
prince  of  Piombino,  10,  462  • 

Luceres,  a  tribe  of  ancient  Rome:  set- 
tle on  the  Tiber,  3,  9 

Luceria,  Italy:  captured  by  Romans, 
3,  70 

Lucerne,  Switzerland:  uprising  in, 
13,  499;  siege  of  (1847),  552 

Lucerne,  League  of,  a  union  of  Swiss 
states  for  mutual  aid,  13,  385 

Luchana,  Spain:  battle  of,  8,  497 

Luckner,  Count  Nikolaus  (1722-1794), 
a  French  commander:  his  campaign 
in  Belgium,  9,  273 

Lucknow,   India:    siege   of    (1857),   5, 

237 

Lucknow,  Treaty  of,  between  India 
and  Great  Britain  (1801),  5,  198 

Lucterius  (ca.  50  B.  C),  a  Gallic  war- 
rior: at  siege  of  Uxellodunum,  3, 
308 

Lucullus  (2nd  century  B.  C.)>  Roman 
consul:  his  campaign  in  Spain,  8,  19 

Lucullus,  Lucius  Licinus  (ca.  110-57 
B.  C),  a  Roman  general,  surnamed 
Ponticus:  attacks  Mithradates  on 
sea,  3,  219;  campaigns  in  the  East, 
258;  recalled  from  Asia,  269;  retires 
to  private  life,  278;  value  of  his 
fishes,  381;  aids  debtors  in  Asia, 
390 

Liideritz  (19th  century),  a  Bremen 
merchant:  sketch  of,  19,  97 

Liiders,  Count  Alexander  (1790-1874), 
a  Russian  soldier:  in  the  Hungarian 


insurrection,  15,  301;  made  viceroy 
of  Poland,  326 

Ludlow  Commission,  The,  three  com- 
missioners appointed  to  examine  the 
Nicaragua  Canal  route:  appointed 
by  Congress,  24,  1057 

Ludolf  (10th  century),  Duke  of  Sua- 
bia:  accession  of,  18,  ill;  rebellion 
of,  112;  death  of,  113 

Ludolf,  Henry  (1 624-1 704),  a  German 
student:  writes  a  Russian  grammar, 
IS,  34 

Ludwig  I  ( 1 786-1868),  King  of  Ba- 
varia, 1825-1848:  reign  of,  18,  396 

Ludwig  II  (1845-1886),  King  of  Ba- 
varia, 1864-1886:  mission  of,  18,  427 

Ludwig  (Lewis)  (II)  the  Severe  (late 
13th  century),  Duke  of  Bavaria: 
guardian  of  Conradin,  18,  169;  en- 
ters into  an  alliance  with  Rudolf  of 
Plapsburg,  17,  75,  18,  180 

Ludwig:  see  also  Louis  and  Lewis 

Lueders  Incident,  The,  a  diplomatic 
dispute  between  Germany  and  Hay- 
ti,  22,  502 

Lueger,  Karl  (b.  1844),  Austrian  poli- 
tician: leads  Christian  socialism 
movement,  17,  453 

Lugalzaggisi,  King  of  Kish,  ca.  4000 
B.  C:  conquers  Babylonia,  1,  75 

Lugard,  F.  D.  (19th  century),  British 
soldier:  his  mission  in  Africa,  19, 
170;  enters  the  service  of  the  British 
East  Africa  Company,  192;  his  serv- 
ices against  the  Arabs,  238 

Lugdunum,  Gaul:  battle  of,  4,  101 

Lugo,  Alvarez  (19th  century),  South 
American  statesman:  made  Minister 
of  Public  Credit,  31,  100 

Luis  I,  King  of  Spain,  1724:  marries 
Louise  Isabelle,  8,  408;  accession  to 
throne,  408 

Luis  I  (1838-1889),  King  of  Portugal, 
1861-1889:  reign  of,  8,  538 

Luitpold  (d.  907  A.  D.),  Duke  of  Ba- 
varia: death  of,  18,  100 

Luitprand:  see  Liutprand 

Luitward,  Bishop  (9th  century  A.  D.) : 
conspiracy  of,  18,  98 

Luke,  Saint  (1st  century  A.  D.),  one 
of  the  twelve  Apostles:  his  work  in 
Dalmatia,  17,  14 


426 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Luli:  see  Elulasus 

Lumber   Industry:   in   New    England, 

23,  135;  in  North  Carolina,  137 
Lumbrozo,  Jacob  (ca.  1660),  a  Spanish 

Jew,  living  in  Maryland:  sketch  of, 

I,  425 

Lumey,  William  de,  Count  de  la 
Marck  (16th  century),  Dutch  naval 
officer:  made  commander  of  the 
privateers,  13,   112 

Lumsdem,  Sir  Peter  Stark  (b.  1829), 
an  English  diplomat:  in  the  Afghan 
Frontier  Commission,  5,  265 

Luna,  Italy:  founded,  3,  133 

Lunalilo  (1835-1874),  King  of  Hawaii, 
1873-1874:  reign  of,  20,  309 

Lund,  Sweden:  battle  of  (1676),  16, 
212 

Lundy,  Colonel  (17th  century),  Irish 
soldier:  takes  oath  of  allegiance  to 
William  and  Mary,  12,  133 

Lundy,  Benjamin  (19th  century), 
American  journalist:  publishes  abo- 
litionist paper,  24,  574 

Lundy's  Lane,  a  road  leading  west- 
ward from  Niagara  River,  near  the 
Falls:  battle  of  (1814),  23,  426 

Luneville,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
France  and  Austria  (1801),  8,  483, 
9,  317,  10,  442,  17,  285,  18,  364 

Lunsford,  Thomas  (17th  century),  an 
English  soldier:  appointed  Lieuten- 
ant of  the  Tower,  II,  342 

Lupicinus,  Saint  (ca.  500  A.  D.), 
monk  of  Gaul:  sketch  of,  13,  338 

Lupicinus  (4th  century  B.  C.)>  Roman 
lieutenant:   defeated  by  the   Goths, 

4,  137 

Luque,  Fernando  de  (16th  century),  a 
Dominican  monk:  career  of,  21,  18 

Lusatia,  a  kingdom  of  Germany,  now 
included  in  Saxony  and  Prussia: 
conquest  of,  18,  107;  united  to  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  65;  invaded  by  Procopius 
the  Great,  135;  joined  to  Saxony, 
212 

Lusitania:  see  Portugal 

Lussi,  Melchior  (16th  century),  leader 
of  the  Catholic  Party  in  Switzer- 
land: introduces  the  Jesuits  into 
Switzerland,   13,  457 

Lutf  AH  (1769-179S),  Shah  of  Persia, 
1789-1795:  reign  of,  5,  356 


Luther,  Martin,  German  religious  re- 
former, called  The  Monk  of  Eisle- 
ben,  The  Monk  of  Wittenberg,  The 
German  Paul,  and  The  Michael  An- 
gelo  of  the  Reformation:  born  at 
Eisleben,  Saxony,  November  10, 
1483;  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  Magdeburg  and  Eisenach  and 
at  the  University  of  Erfurt,  taking 
his  first  degree  there  in  1502  and 
his  second,  or  the  Master's  degree, 
early  in  1505;  then  began  the  study 
of  law  but  was  interrupted  by  a 
change  in  his  inner  religious  life 
and  without  his  father's  consent, 
entered  the  Augustinian  monastery, 
July  16,  1505;  was  ordained  priest, 
1507;  became  professor  of  philoso- 
phy at  the  University  of  Witten- 
berg, 1508;  was  called  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Erfurt,  1509,  but  returned 
to  Wittenburg  as  Professor  of 
Theology,  eighteen  months  later; 
made  a  visit  to  Rome,  1511;  be- 
came Doctor  of  Theology,  1512, 
and  provincial  vicar  of  his  order 
for  Meissen  and  Thuringia;  pub- 
lished ninety-five  theses  against  the 
sale  of  indulgencies,  October  31, 
1517;  wrote  letters  of  apology  to 
the  Pope,  May  30,  1518,  and  March 
3,  1519;  was  excommunicated,  June 
16,  1520,  and  his  writings  burned  at 
various  places;  publicly  burned  the 
bull  of  excommunication,  December 
10,  1520;  was  at  the  Diet  of  Worms, 
April  17  and  18,  1521,  whither  he 
had  been  summoned  by  the  Em- 
peror Charles  V;  on  his  return  from 
Worms,  May  4,  he  was  seized  by 
friends  in  disguise  and  carried  to 
the  Wartburg  Castle  where  he  re- 
mained until  March,  1522,  with  the 
exception  of  three  days  in  December 
when  he  appeared  among  his  most 
intimate  friends  at  Wittenberg  for 
much  needed  conference;  published 
his  translation  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, September  21,  1522;  began 
his  work  of  reforming  the  mass, 
1523;  published  hymns,  1524;  mar- 
ried Catherine  von  Vora,  June  13, 
1525;  published  both  a  long  and  a 


GENERAL    INDEX 


4.2' 


short  catechism,  1529;  was  engaged 
in  conference  with  Zwingli  at  Mar- 
burg, October,  1529;  published  his 
translation  of  the  whole  Bible,  1534; 
continued  incessantly  active  until 
the  end  of  his  life  in  the  completion 
and  revision  of  his  translation  of 
the  Bible;  died  at  Eisleben,  Febru- 
ary 18,  1546 

Main  treatment,  9,  138,  18,  233; 
revolt  of,  4,  299;  publishes  his 
theses,  17,  149;  teachings  of,  II, 
244;  effect  of  teachings  in  the  Neth- 
erlands, 13,  55;  in  Germany,  9,  138, 
141,  142;  in  Denmark,  142;  in  Swe- 
den, 142;  in  France,  142;  in  Eng- 
land, 12,  85;  in  Ireland,  II,  244,  12, 
86;  in  Scotland,  12,  312 

Lutheran  Church,  The:  organization 
of,  18,  245;  established  in  Denmark, 
16,  194;  in  the  Netherlands,  13,  91; 
not  tolerated  in  New  York,  23,  148 

Luthol,  Count  (18th  century),  Russian 
courtier:  favorite  of  Catherine  I,  15, 
98 

Lutke,  Fedor  Petrovitch  (1797-1882), 
a  Russian  navigator:  explorations 
of,  16,  317 

Lutter,  Germany:  battle  of  (1626),  18, 

275 

Lutterberg,  Germany:  battle  of  (1758), 
9,  245 

Luttrell,  Colonel  (18th  century),  an 
English  statesman:  elected  to  Par- 
liament, 11,  511 

Luttrell,  Henry,  Lord  Carhampton 
(18th  century),  English  soldier:  sent 
to  Connaught,  12,  206 

Liitzen,  Prussia:  battles  of  (1632),  9, 
190,  13,  215,  16,  182,  17,  211,  18, 
284;  (1813),  9,  343,  10,  402,  13,  272, 
15,  261,  18,  382 

Luxembourg,  Frangois  Henri,  Duke  de 
(1628-1695),  a  French  marshal:  his 
campaign  in  the  Low  Countries,  9, 
217,  13,  240 

Luxemburg,  European  state:  adjudged 
to   Holland,   18,  392 

Luxemburg,  German  city:  siege  of 
(1795),  9,  293 

Luynes,  Charles  d'Albert,  Duke  of 
(17th  century),  French  courtier:  in- 
fluence of,  9,  180 


Luzara,  Italy:  battle  of  (1703),  9,  220 

Lyall,  Sir  Alfred  Comyn   (1835 ), 

Anglo-Indian  statesman:  sketch  of, 
5,  263 

Lyall,    Sir   James    Broadwood    (1839- 

),       Anglo-Indian       statesman: 

sketch  of,  5,  264 

Lycians,  people  of  Asia  Minor:  con- 
quered by  Persia,  2,  126 

Lyciscus  (ca.  170  B.  C),  Greek  gen- 
eral: chosen  stratigus  of  Aetolian 
League,  3,  149 

Lycomedes  (ca.  370  B.  C),  Arcadian 
general:    defeated    by    Spartans,    2, 

444 
Lycurgus,  a  Spartan  lawgiver:  sup- 
posed to  have  lived  in  the  9th 
century  B.  C;  supposed  to  have  been 
the  son  of  King  Eunomus,  whose 
successor  was  his  son  Polydectes; 
upon  the  death  of  the  latter,  Lycur- 
gus refused  the  crown  and  sup- 
ported the  claim  of  the  posthumous 
son  of  Polydectes;  traveled  in  for- 
eign lands,  studied  their  institutions 
and  returned  home  to  present  a  per- 
fect constitution  to  Sparta;  after  he 
received  an  oath  from  the  people 
that  they  would  not  change  his 
laws,  he  went  into  voluntary  exile 
and  never  returned 

Consults  Delphic  oracle,  2,  44; 
legislator  of  Sparta,  61;  institutions 
of,  62;  attempt  to  revive  institutions 

of,  517 

Lydia,  Kingdom  of,  Asia  Minor:  main 
treatment,  I,  139,  2,  114;  conquered 
by  Persia,  123;  Sardes  burned  by 
Ionians,  135;  conquered  by  Alex- 
ander, 489 

Lykke,  Ivar  (ca.  1390),  Danish  com- 
mander: leads  the  Danish  forces,  16, 
121 

Lyman,  Phineas  (1716-1775),  Ameri- 
can officer:  in  French  and  Indian 
War,  23,   183 

Lynar,  Count  (1708-1781),  German 
statesman  and  scholar:  intrigues  of, 
15,  129 

Lynch,  Eliza  (19th  century),  South 
American  heroine  of  English  an- 
cestry: sketch  of,  21    158 

Lynch,  John  R.  (19th  century),  Amer- 


428 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


ican  freedman:  leader  of  negro  race, 

24,  587 

Lyndesay,  Sir  David  (1495-1567), 
Scottish  poet:  sketch  of,  12,  309 

Lyndhurst,  John  Singleton  Copley, 
Baron  (1772-1863),  English  states- 
man: proposes  alteration  in  Reform 
Bill,  11,  589 

Lyon,  Matthew  (1746-1822),  American 
politician  and  soldier  of  Irish  birth: 
prosecuted  under  the  Sedition  Act, 
23,  378 

Lyon,  Nathaniel  P.  (1819-1861),  Amer- 
ican general:  leader  of  Missouri 
Unionists,  34,  721;  in  campaign  of 
1861-1862,  740;  killed,  741 

Lyonne  (17th  century),  French  states- 
man: minister  of  foreign  affairs,  9, 
207 

Lyons,  France:  headquarters  of  Chris- 
tianity in  Gaul,  9,  12;  battle  near,  4, 
101;  revolt  of,  10,  269;  defense  and 
taking  of,  275;  sentence  of  the  com- 
mittee of  public  safety  against,  278 

Lyons,  John  (nth  century),  Flemish 
citizen:  leads  insurrection  in  Ghent, 
13,  34 

Lyons,  Richard  (14th  century),  Eng- 


lish   politician,    impeached,    II,    172 

Lyons,  Treaty  of,  a  peace  concluded 
between  Charles  Emmanuel,  Duke 
of  Savoy,  and  Henry  IV,  King  of 
France  (1601),  9,  172 

Lysander  (ca.  407  B.  C.)»  Spartan  gen- 
eral and  statesman:  sketch  of,  2,  368, 
398;  allied  with  Cyrus,  369,  370,  375, 
382;  wins  battle  of  Notium,  369; 
wins  battle  of  Aegospotami,  375, 
376;  takes  Athens,  378;  his  influence 
in  Greece,  380,  381;  disgraced  by 
ephors,  382;  goes  with  Agesilaus  to 
Asia,  393;  slain  at  Haliartus,  398 

Lysias  (2nd  century  B.  C),  Roman 
regent  of  Syria:  campaigns  against 
the  Jews,  I,  406 

Lysicles  (ca.  340  B.  C.)»  Athenian  gen- 
eral: at  the  battle  of  Chaeroneia,  2, 

477 

Lysimachus  (355-281  B.  C),  King  of 
Thrace,  323-281  B.  C,  and  of  Mace- 
don,  286-281  B.  C:  his  share  in 
Alexander's  empire,  2,  512 

Lytton,  Edward  Robert  Bulwer  Lyt- 
ton,  Earl  of  (1831-1891),  English 
poet  and  diplomat:  governor-general 
of  India,  5,  254 


M 


Macadam    (McAdam),   John    Loudon 

(1756-1836),  Scottish  surveyor:  im- 
proves roads  in  England,  11,  589 

Mac  Art,  Connac,  legendary  King  of 
Ireland:  legend  of,  12,  25 

Macarthur,  John  (ca.  1800),  English 
lieutenant:  his  work  for  Australia, 
20,  185 

McCarthy,  Justin  Huntley  (1862 ), 

Irish  statesman:  leads  Anti-Parnel- 
lite  majority,   12,  242  note 

Macartney,  George,  Earl  of  (1737- 
1806),  English  statesman:  at  the 
Russian  court,  15,  162;  British  am- 
bassador to  Peking,  6,  no;  arrives 
at  Tientsin,  in;  arrives  at  Peking, 
in;  received  by  Emperor  at  Jehol, 
113;   returns  to   England,    114 

Macaulay,  Thomas  Babington,  Baron 
(1800-1859),  English  scholar,  critic, 
and  historian:  favors  Reform  Bill, 
H»  558;  made  legal  member  of  the 
supreme  council  of  India,  5,  214; 
sketch  of,  11,  612 

Macaulay,  Zachary  (1768-1838),  Eng- 
lish philanthropist:  agitates  slavery 
question,  11,  592 

Macbeth,  legendary  King  of  Scotland: 
reign  of,  12,  256 

Maccabaeus,  Judas:  see  Judas  Macca- 
baeus 

Maccabaeus,  The  French:  see  Mont- 
fort,  Simon  de 

Maccabees,  The,  Jewish  family:  revolt 
of,  3,  167 

McClellan,  George  Brinton,  an  Amer- 
ican soldier  and  scientist:  born  at 
Philadelphia,  Penna.,  December  3, 
1826;  passed  two  years  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania;  graduated 
from  West  Point,  1846,  and  was 
.  commissioned  brevet  second  lieuten- 
ant of  engineers;  served  in  the  Mex- 
ican War,  1846-1848,  winning  the 
brevets  of  first  lieutenant  and   cap- 


tain for  gallantry;  promoted  first 
lieutenant  of  engineers,  1853,  and 
captain  of  cavalry,  1855;  was  sent  to 
Europe  during  the  Crimean  War  to 
report  on  military  systems;  resigned 
from  the  army,  1857,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  railroad  business  from  then 
until  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War, 
1861;  placed  in  command  of  the  De- 
partment of  the  Ohio  and  commis- 
sioned major-general  of  the  Ohio 
volunteers,  April  23,  1861;  made 
major-general  in  the  regular  army, 
May  14,  1861,  by  the  President  who 
ordered  him  to  disperse  the  Con- 
federate force  occupying  West  Vir- 
ginia; reported  this  task  done,  July 
14,  1861;  made  commander  of  the 
Department  of  the  Potomac,  August 
20,  1861;  was  general-in-chief  of  the 
army,  November  1,  1861-March  n, 
1862;  directed  the  Peninsular  Cam- 
paign; was  in  charge  of  the  troops 
for  the  defense  of  the  capital;  was 
at  the  battles  of  South  Mountain 
and  Antietam,  September  14-17, 
1862;  was  succeeded  by  General 
Burnside,  November  7,  1862;  retired 
to  New  Jersey  and  took  no  further 
part  in  the  war;  was  nominated  for 
the  Presidency  by  the  Democratic 
Party,  1864,  but  was  defeated  by 
Lincoln;  lived  in  Europe,  1865- 
1868;  superintended  the  construction 
of  the  Stevens  battery,  1868;  was 
chief  engineer  of  the  department  of 
docks  of  New  York  City,  1870-1872; 
was  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  1878- 
1881;  died  at  Orange,  N.  J.,  Octo- 
ber 29,  1885 

Sent  to  Virginia,  24,  732;  cam- 
paign in  West  Virginia,  73s;  com- 
mands Army  of  Potomac,  757;  re- 
called from  Peninsular  campaign, 
762:   complains  of  lack  of  support, 


429 


430 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


762;  reinstated  in  command  of 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  764;  wel- 
comed by  Maryland,  764;  at  Antie- 
tam,  765;  succeeded  by  Burnside, 
766;  denounces  Emancipation  Proc- 
lamation, 767;  final  removal  from 
command,  769;  Lincoln's  estimate 
of,  769;  reinstatement  agitated,  790; 
nominated  for  President,  800;  in 
Democratic  Presidential  nomination, 
1065 

Mac-Clernand,  John  Alexander  (1812- 
1900),  American  general:  at  siege 
of  Fort  Donelson,  24,  744 

Mac-Clintock,    Leopold,    Sir    Francis 

(1819 ),  English  Arctic  explorer 

of  Irish  birth:  searches  for  Frank- 
lin, 16,  311 

McClure,  Alexander  Kelly  (1828 ), 

American  journalist,  author  and  pol- 
itician: joins  liberal  movement,  24, 
890 

McCook,  Alexander  McDowell  (1831- 
1903),  American  General:  at  Stone 
River,  24,  774 

McCracken,  Henry  Joy  (ca.  1800), 
Irish  insurgent:  in  the  Rebellion  of 
1798,  12,  213 

McCulloch,  Benjamin  (1814-1862), 
American  general:  in  Missouri 
Campaign,  24,  740 

McCulloch,  Hugh  (1808-1895),  Amer- 
ican banker  and  statesman:  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury,  24,  898 

MacDonald,  Sir  Claude  Maxwell  (1852- 

),    English    general:    negotiates 

treaty  with  Japan,  7,  232 

MacDonald,  Donald  (18th  century), 
Scotch  Tory  commander:  Caswell 
defeats,  23,  236 

Macdonald,  fitienne  Jacques  Joseph 
Alexander,  Duke  of  Tarentum 
(1765-1840),  French  marshal  of 
Scotch  ancestry:  commands  army  of 
Naples,  9,  308;  in  the  Napoleonic 
Wars,  18,  383,  385;  refuses  to  take 
up  arms  for  Napoleon,  10,  500;  cam- 
paign against  Napoleon,  9,  360 

Macdonald,  Flora,  Scottish  heroine: 
born  at  Milton  in  the  Island  of 
South  Uist,  one  of  the  Hebrides, 
1720;  became  celebrated  in  1746  as 
the  heroine  of  some  of  the   adven- 


tures of  the  Young  Pretender  whom 
she  assisted  in  escaping  pursuit  from 
South  Uist  to  Skye;  was  imprisoned 
on  board  vessels  of  war  and  in  Lon- 
don for  several  months;  released, 
1747;  married  Allan  Macdonald, 
1750,  and  settled  at  Fayetteville,  N. 
C.,  1775;  during  the  Revolutionary 
War  her  husband  served  as  an  of- 
ficer in  the  British  army,  and  Flora 
returned  to  Skye,  where  she  died, 
March  4,  1790 

Saves  the  Young  Pretender  from 
capture,  12,  368 

Macdonald,  Sir  James  Ronald  Leslie 
(1862 ),  English  general  and  en- 
gineer: surveys  for  an  African  rail- 
way, 19,  190;  commands  military 
escort  of  Thibetan  mission,  5,  298 

Macdonald,  Sir  John  Alexander,  a 
Canadian  statesman:  born  at  Glas- 
gow, Scotland,  January  11,  1815;  re- 
moved with  his  family  to  Kingston, 
Canada,  1820;  was  educated  at  the 
Royal  Grammar  School  in  Kings- 
ton; was  admitted  to  the  bar,  1836; 
represented  Kingston  in  the  Canada 
assembly  from  1844  almost  contin- 
uously until  his  death;  became,  Re- 
ceiver-General, May  21,  1847,  com- 
missioner of  crown  lands,  December 
7,  1847,  Attorney-General  for  Up- 
per Canada,  September  11,  1854,  an 
office  which  he  held  except  for 
a  few  days  in  1858  until  May,  1862; 
was  again  Attorney-General  under 
the  administration  of  Sir  fetienne 
Tache,  1864-1867;  contributed  more 
than  any  other  person  in  Canada 
toward  the  consummation  of  the 
Union,  1867;  was  prime  minister, 
1867-1873,  1878-1891;  was  one  of  the 
British  commissioners  who  signed 
the  Treaty  of  Washington,  May  8, 
1871;  died  at  Ottawa,  June  6,  1891 

At  the  Quebec  convention,  20, 
165;  leads  conservative  party,  167, 
174;  in  Joint  High  Commission,  24, 
883 

McDonough,  Thomas  (1784-1825), 
American  commodore:  wins  victory 
on  Lake  Champlain,  23,  423;  among 
naval  heroes  of  War  of  1812,  433 


GENERAL    INDEX 


431 


McDowell,  Irwin  (1818-1885),  Amer- 
ican general:  plans  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  24,  734;  defeated  by  Jackson, 
760 

McDuffie,  George  (1788-1851),  Amer- 
ican lawyer  and  politician:  quoted 
on  the  necessity  of  slavery,  24,  591 

Mac  Dunlevy,  Prince  of  Ulidia  (ca. 
1 180),  Irish  king:  attacks  Sir  John 
de  Courcy,  12,  53 

MacErc,  Fergus  (ca.  6th  century  A. 
D.),  Scotch  leader:  leads  Scots  to 
Scotland,  12,  251 

Mac  Geoghegan  (ca.  1600),  Irish 
chief:  attempts  to  defend  Dunboy, 
12,  102 

Mac  Gilla,  Patrick,  King  of  Ossory 
(12th  century),  Irish  king:  at  war 
with  Dermot  McMurrogh,  12,  49 

MacGregor  (ca.  1817),  Scotch  soldier- 
of-fortune:  aids  South  American 
revolutionists,  21,  66 

Machasrus  (ca.  73  A.  D.),  Hebrew 
general:  capitulates  to  Rome,  I, 
412 

Machault  d'Arnouville,  Jean  Baptiste 
(1701-1794),  French  statesman  and 
financier:  edict  of,  9,  241;  death  of, 
289 

Mcintosh  (19th  century),  Indian  chief: 
concludes  treaty,  24,  470 

McKane,  John  Y.  (19th  century), 
American  politician:  conviction  of, 
24,  948 

Mackau  (ca.  1840),  French  naval  of- 
ficer: concludes  a  treaty  with  Rosas 
of  Buenos  Ayres,  21,  125 

McKean,  Thomas  (1734-1817),  Amer- 
ican statesman:  delegate  to  first 
Continental  Congress,  23,  223 

Mac  Kelleher,  Mailmurry  (d.  1106) 
Irish  scribe:  writes  the  "  Book  of  the 
Dun  Cow,"  12,  7 

MacKenzie,  Sir  Alexander  (1755- 
1820),  Scotch  trader  and  explorer: 
explorations  of,  16,  307,  20,  129 

Mackenzie,  Sir  George  S.  (1844 ), 

English  merchant:  his  work  in  Af- 
rica, 19,  185 

Mackenzie,  John  (ca.  1877),  English 
missionary:  appointed  Deputy  Com- 
missioner to  Bechuanaland,  19,  214 

McKenzie,  William  Lyon  (1 794-1861), 


Scotch  Canadian  journalist  and  poli- 
tician: leads  Canadian  Insurrection, 

23,  515 

Mackiewicz  (ca.  i860),  Polish  priest: 
in  the  Polish  insurrection,  15,  328 

Mackinaw,  Canada:  captured  by  In- 
dians, 23,  200;  given  up  by  England, 
362;  fall  of,  420 

McKinley,  William,  an  American 
statesman:  President  of  the  United 
States,  1897-September  14,  1901; 
born  at  Niles,  Ohio,  January  29, 
1843;  educated  at  public  schools, 
Poland  Academy,  and  Allegheny 
College;  taught  in  public  schools; 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  23d  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry,  1861;  promoted 
commissary  sergeant,  1862;  second 
lieutenant,  1862;  first  lieutenant, 
1863;  captain,  1864;  served  on  the 
staffs  of  Generals  R.  B.  Hayes, 
George  Cook,  and  Winfield  S.  Han- 
cock; breveted  major,  U.  S.  volun- 
teers by  President  Lincoln  for  gal- 
lantry in  battle,  March  13,  1865;  de- 
tailed as  acting  assistant  adjutant- 
general,  first  division,  first  army 
corps,  until  mustered  out,  July  26, 
1865;  studied  law  in  Mahoning 
County,  Ohio,  and  took  a  course 
in  the  Albany  Law  School,  1867;  ad- 
mitted to  the  Ohio  bar,  1867,  and 
settled  in  Canton,  Ohio;  was  prose- 
cuting attorney  for  Stark  County, 
Ohio,  1869;  member  of  Congress, 
1876-1891,  and  as  chairman  of  the 
Commission  on  Ways  and  Means 
reported  the  tariff  bill  of  1890, 
known  as  the  McKinley  Bill;  elected 
Governor  of  Ohio,  1891,  and  re- 
elected, 1893;  nominated  and  elected 
President  of  the  United  States, 
1896;  inaugurated,  March  4,  1897; 
reelected,  1900;  shot  by  an  assassin 
at  Buffalo,  September  6,  1901,  and 
died  September   14,   1901 

Enters  Congress,  24,  916;  offers 
protective  tariff  bill,  968;  nominated 
for  President  (1896),  1012;  elected 
President  (1896),  1018;  inaugurated 
(1897),  1018;  financial  legislation, 
1019;  fur  seal  controversy,  1020;  the 
war  with  Spain,  1021;  re-nominated 


432 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


for  President  (1900),  1038;  second 
election,  1040;  appoints  a  commis- 
sion for  the  Philippine  Islands, 
1042;  second  inauguration,  1049: 
shot  by  assassin,  1049;  death  of, 
1049;  characterization  of,  1049 

McKinley  Tariff  Law,  in  American 
history,  a  tariff  bill  with  highly  pro- 
tective features:  enacted,  24,  169; 
effect  on  election  (1890),  975;  at- 
tacked by  Congress,  995 

Mackinnon,  Sir  William  (19th  cen- 
tury), English  soldier:  his  negotia- 
tions with  the  sultan  of  Zanzibar, 
19,  84;  leads  movement  for  relief 
of  Emin  Pasha,  138;  president  of 
the  British  East  Africa  Association, 
182;  his  work  in  British  East  Africa, 
205 

Mackintosh,  Colonel  (ca.  1847),  Amer- 
ican  officer:   in   the    Mexican   War, 

22,  364 

Mackintosh,  Sir  James  (ca.  1820), 
English  statesman:  advocates  re- 
form of  the  criminal  law,  11,  575 

McLane,  Louis  (1786-1857),  American 
statesman:   transferred  by  Jackson, 

23,  503 

McLean,  John  (1785-1861),  American 
statesman  and  jurist:  candidate  for 
presidential  nomination  (1856),  24, 
654;  dissents  from  Taney's  decision, 
660 

McMahon,   Sir  Arthur  Henry   (1862- 

),  Anglo-Indian  military  officer: 

his  mission  in  Leistan,  5,  296 

Mac  Mahon,  Brian  (ca.  1602),  Irish 
traitor:  treason  of,  12,   102 

MacMahon,  Marie  Ednu  Patrice 
Maurice,  Due  de  Magenta  (1808- 
1893),  French  statesman  and  soldier 
of  Irish  extraction,  President  of  the 
French  Republic,  1873-1879:  in  the 
Franco-Prussian  War,  9,  463,  18, 
421;  elected  President  of  the  French 
Republic,  9,  477;  arbitrates  English 
and  Portuguese  claims  in  Africa,  19, 
52 

MacMurrogh,  Dermot,  King  of  Lein- 
ster,  ca.  1150:  reign  of,  12,  48 

M'Nab,  Sir  Allan  (ca.  1850),  Canadian 
politician:  leader  of  the  Conserva- 
tive Party,  20,  157 


Macnaghten,  Sir  William  Hay  (ca. 
1850),  Anglo-Indian  diplomat:  sec- 
retary to  Lord  Auckland,  5,  215; 
sketch  of,  218 

Mac  Nally,  Leonard  (ca.  1790),  Irish 
attorney:  sketch  of,  12,  202 

M'Neill,  Sir  John  (ca.  1840),  English 
diplomat:  his  mission  to  Teheran, 
5,  361 

MacNevin,  William  J.  (ca.  1800),  Irish 
physician  and  patriot:  joins  the 
United  Irishmen,  12,  207 

Macpherson,  Sir  Herbert  Taylor 
(1827-1886),  English  officer:  com- 
mands Indian  troops  in  Egyptian 
campaign,  5,  259 

McPherson,  James  Birdseye  (1828- 
1864),  American  general:  in  Sher- 
man's march  to  Atlanta,  24,  794; 
killed  at  Peach  Tree  Creek,  797;  po- 
litical effect  of  death,  801 

Macpherson,  Sir  John  (1745-1821), 
Anglo-Indian    diplomat:    sketch    of, 

5,  195 

Macquarie,  Lachlan  (1 762-1 824),  Brit- 
ish general:  made  governor  of  New 
South  Wales,  20,  184 

M'Queen  (19th  century),  British  ge- 
ographer: urges  British  government 
to  establish  claims  in  the  Niger 
region,  19,  50 

M'tesa  (19th  century),  African  chief: 
his  interviews  with  Stanley,  19,  60; 
resists  the  French,  160 

Mac  Turkill,  Hasculf,  Danish  King  of 
Dublin,  ca.  1170:  submits  to  Dermot 
MacMurrough,  12,  49 

McVeagh,  Wayne  (1833 ),  Amer- 
ican lawyer:  in  Garfield's  cabinet, 
24,  932 

Ma  (19th  century),  Chinese  fanatic: 
leader   in    Mohammedan    Rebellion, 

6,  211 

Ma  Yuan  (17th  century),  celebrated 
Chinese  artist:  mentioned,  6,  39 

Maanen,  Cornelius  Felix  van  (ca. 
1830),  Belgian  statesman:  popular 
opposition  to,  13,  295 

Mabas,  negro  race  in  the  Central  Su- 
dan in  Africa:  sketch  of,  19,   164 

Macao,  China:  under  Portuguese  rule, 
20,  298;  taken  by  the  English,  6. 
119 


GENERAL    INDEX 


483 


Macedonia,  southeastern  Europe:  con- 
quered by  Persians,  I,  166,  2,  133; 
allied  to  Brasidas,  2,  313;  invaded 
by  Pelopidas,  444;  people  of,  com- 
pared to  the  Greeks,  455;  in  division 
of  Alexander's  empire,  512;  assigned 
to  Polysperchon,  512;  supremacy  in 
Greece,  2,  513,  3,  136;  resistance  to 
supremacy  of,  2,  516;  made  a  Roman 
province,  2,  519,  3,  165;  Jazyges  set- 
tle in,  17,  15;  relations  with  Russia 
and  Austria-Hungary,  449 

"Macedonian,"  English  frigate:  cap- 
tured, 23,  422 

Macedonian  Question,  The,  a  phase 
of  the  Eastern  Question:  discussion 
of,  14,  506 

Macedonian  Wars,  wars  between 
Rome  and  Macedonia:  first  (214-205 
B.  C),  3,  125;  second  (200-197  B. 
C),  2,  518,  3,  140;  third  (171-168  B. 
C),  2,  519,  3,  147;  fourth  (149-148 
B.  C),  2,  519 

Maceo,  Antonio  (1848-1896),  Cuban 
patriot:  leads  Cuban  patriots,  22, 
453;  defeats  the  Spanish  battalion, 
456 

Macieiowice,  Poland:  battle  of  (1794), 

15,  190 
Maciel     (Conselheiro),    Antonio     (ca. 

1897),  South  American  insurgent: 
leads  rebellion  of  the  Jagunc.os,  21, 

255 
Mack    von     Leiberich,     Baron     Karl 

(1752-1828),  Austrian  general:  his 
campaign  against  France,  15,  214; 
capitulates  at  Ulm,  17,  293,  18,  367 

Macon  Bill  No.  2,  bill  regulating 
American  commercial  relations  with 
England  and  France  (1810),  23,  415 

Macrinus,  Marcus  Opilus  (164-218  A. 
D.),  Roman  Emperor,  217-218  A.  D.: 
kills  Caracalla,  4,  102;  recognized  as 
emperor,  102 

Macro,  Naevius  Sertorius  (ca.  37  A. 
D.),  Roman  general:  overthrows 
Sejanus,  4,  52;  accused  of  killing  Ti- 
berius, 54;  his  death,  56 

Mad  King  of  Lacedaemon,  The:  see 
Cleomenes 

Mad  Life,  Band  of  the,  name  chosen 
by  Swiss  mediaeval  rioters  (1477), 
13,  410 


Mad  Mullah  (ca.  1850),  Mohammedan 
fanatic:  at  war  with  the  English,  5, 
278 

Mad  Parliament,  The,  name  given  to 
the  English  Parliament  which  met 
at  Oxford  in  1258,  II,  138 

Madagascar,  island  in  Indian  Ocean: 
discovered  by  the  Portuguese,  8, 
329;    French    attempts    to    colonize, 

19,  56,  20,  78;  French  protectorate 
established,  20,  278;  sketch  of,  19, 
211,  212 

Madame  Veto:  see  Marie  Antoinette, 

Queen  of  France 
Madatov,  General  (ca.  1826),  Russian 

officer:  defeats  the  Persians,  15,  283 
Madeira,     island     off    west    coast     of 

Africa:    discovered,    23,    24;    sketch 

of,  19,  213;  under  Portuguese  rule, 

20,  299 

Madelin,    Spain:   battle    of    (1809),   9, 

337 
Madhu     Rao     (ca.      1760),     Maratha 
peshwa,   Indian  prince:  reign  of,  5, 

133 

Madhu  Rao  Narayan  (ca.  1780),  Mar- 
atha peshwa,  Indian  prince:  reign 
of,  5,  136 

Madison,  James,  an  American  states- 
man: President  of  the  United  States, 
1809-1817;  born  at  Port  Conway, 
Virginia,  March  16,  1751;  was  edu- 
cated by  the  parish  minister  and  at 
the  Princeton  (N.  J.)  College,  grad- 
uating from  the  latter  place,  1771; 
represented  Virginia  in  Congress, 
1780-1783;  was  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention,  1787; 
was  again  a  member  of  Congress 
from  Virginia,  1789-1797;  drew  up 
the  Virginia  Resolutions,  1798;  was 
Secretary  of  State,  1801-1809;  was 
elected  President  of  the  United 
States  by  the  Democratic  Party, 
1808,  and  reelected,  1812;  retired  to 
Montpelier,  Va.,  1817,  where  he  died, 
June  28,  1836 

Character  of,  23,  414;  proposes  in- 
terstate commerce  commission,  321; 
in  Constitutional  Convention,  324: 
his  journal  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention,  324;  his  compromise 
for  revenue  quotas,  328;  favors  the 


434 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Constitution,  335;  writes  for  the 
"  Federalist,"  335;  member  of  Vir- 
ginia ratification  committee,  336;  in 
first  Congress,  342;  author  of  Vir- 
ginia Resolutions,  379;  his  views  on 
nullification,  379;  appointed  Secre- 
tary of  State,  388;  nominated  Presi- 
dent, 413;  elected  President.  434; 
declines  third  term,  434;  vetoes  in- 
ternal improvements,  441;  advises 
on  Monroe  Doctrine,  447;  his  views 
on  internal  improvement,  488; 
quoted  on  slavery  in  Virginia,  24, 
564;  president  of  American  Coloni- 
zation Society,  571 

Madison,  Mrs.  (ca.  1800),  wife  of 
President  Madison:  rescues  the  Stu- 
art portrait  of  Washington,  23,  427 

Madman  of  the  North,  The:  see 
Charles  XII,  King  of  Sweden 

Madras  (Madraspatam,  Chennapatam), 
India:  founded  (1639),  5,  163;  taken 
by  the  French  (1746),  5,  179,  20, 
115;  siege  of  (1781),  5,  193 

Madrid,  Spain:  captured  by  the  allies, 
8,  397;  American  legation  building 
threatened  at,  24,  887 

Madrid,  Treaties  of:  (1526),  a  peace 
concluded  between  Francis  I  of 
France  and  Charles  V  of  Austria, 
4,  303,  9,  140;  (1801),  a  peace  con- 
cluded between  Spain  and  France, 
10,  444 

Mads,  Bishop  of  Strangnas  (d.  1520), 
Swedish  ecclesiastic:  execution  of, 
16,  149 

Madura,  Island  of,  island  in  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean  near  Java:  description 
of,  20,  286 

Maecenas,  Caius  Citnius  (70-8  B.  C.) 
Roman  politician  and  patron  of  lit- 
erature: aids  in  making  a  new  di- 
vision of  territory  among  the  trium- 
virs, 4,  20;  sketch  of,  38;  death,  43 

Maecenas  of  France,  The:  see  Francis 
I,  King  of  France 

Maenas  (ca.  40  B.  C),  Roman  officer 
in  the  pay  of  Sextus  Pompeius :  pro- 
poses capture  of  Octavius  and  Mar- 
cus Antonius  and  Lepidus,  4,  20; 
betrays  Sextus  Pompeius,  21 

Maestricht,  Holland:  sieges  of  (1579), 
13,  133;  (1675),  240;  (1748),  9,  240 


Maeterlinck,  Maurice  (1864 ),  Bel- 
gian  dramatist:  mentioned,   13,   312 

Mafeking,  South  Africa:  siege  of 
(1900),  11,  641,  20,  233 

Mafia,  Convent  of,  Portugal:  founded 
(ca.  1730),  8,  471 

Mafia,  The,  Italian  secret  society:  de- 
scription of,  4,  403;  in  New  Orleans, 
24,  976 

Magalhanes,  Fernando  de:  see  Magel- 
lan, Ferdinand 

Magaw,  Colonel  (ca.  1776),  American 
general:  attempts  to  hold  Fort 
Washington,  23,  244 

Magdeburg,  Prussia:  sieges  of  (1550- 
1551),  18,  256;  (1631),  279;  battle  of 
(1792),  9,  275;  surrenders  to  the 
French  (1806),  18,  372 

Magdoshu,  northern  Africa:  founded, 

19.  13 

Magellan,  Ferdinand  (Fernao  de  Ma- 
galhaes),  a  Portuguese  navigator: 
born  at  Saborosa,  Portugal,  about 
1480;  served  in  the  East  Indies, 
1505-1512;  fought  with  the  Portu- 
guese in  Morocco,  1514;  succeeded 
in  interesting  the  Emperor  Charles 
V  in  his  schemes  to  find  a  western 
route  to  Asia,  1518;  sailed  from  San 
Lucas,  September  20,  1519;  explored 
the  coast  of  South  America  and 
traded  with  the  Indians,  1519-1520; 
discovered  and  explored  the  strait 
which  now  bears  his  name,  October 
21-November  28,  1520;  from  the 
western  end  of  this  strait,  he  sailed 
first  north,  then  northwest  and  west; 
discovered  the  Philippines,  March 
16,  1521;  was  killed  in  an  attack  on 
the  natives  of  one  of  the  islands, 
April  27,  1521 

Proposes  a  new  route  to  India, 
8,  331;  voyage  and  discoveries  of, 
5,  157,  8,  332,  20,  44  note,  51,  21, 
17;  death,  23,  37 

Magellan,  Straits  of:  see  Straits  of 
Magellan 

Magenta,  Italy:  battle  of  (1859),  4, 
373,  9,  45i,  17,  385,  18,  405 

Magersfontein,  South  Africa:  battle  of 
(1900),  11,  641 

Maggiore  Lake,  Italy:  battle  of 
(1636),  9,  192 


GENERAL    INDEX 


435 


Maglaj,  Austria:  battle  of  (1878),  17, 

423 

Magna  Carta  (Magna  Charta),  an 
agreement  between  the  king  and  the 
nobles  of  England,  .signed  by  John 
at  Runnymede  (1215):  signing  and 
terms  of,  11,  127;  changes  in,  at 
accession  of  Henry  III,  130 

Magnan,  Bernard  Pierre  (1791-1865), 
French  officer:  assists  schemes  of 
Napoleon  III,  9,  442 

Magnanimous,  The:  see  Philip  (II) 
Augustus,  King  of  France 

Magnano,  Italy:  battle  of  (i799)>  9> 
308 

Magnentius,  Flavius  Popilius  (300-353 
A.  D.),  Roman  general  of  German 
birth:  usurps  Empire  of  the  West, 
4,  123;  death,  124 

Magnesia,  Asia  Minor:  Greek  colony, 
2,  53;  battle  of  (190  B.  C),  3,  H4', 
taken  by  Egyptians  under  Ibrahim 
Pasha   (1832),  15,  291 

Magnificent  Distances,  City  of:  see 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Magnitski,  Michael  (ca.  1810),  Rus- 
sian statesman:  encourages  Alexan- 
der's reactionary  views,  15,  265 

Magnus  (I)  the  Good,  King  of  Nor- 
way,   1035-1047,    and    of    Denmark, 

•  1042-1047:  secures  the  Norwegian 
throne,  11,  60,  16,  57;  secures  the 
Danish  throne,  16,  33 

Magnus  (III)  Barfod  (d.  1103),  King 
of  Norway,  1093-1103:  reign  of,  12, 
261,  16,  97 

Magnus  (IV)  Sigurdson,  King  of  Nor- 
way, 1 1 30-1 134:  defeat  of,  16,  80; 
reign  of,  98 

Magnus  (VI)  Lagabaeter  (d.  1280), 
King  of  Norway,  1262-1280:  reign 
of,  16,  100 

Magnus  (VII)  Smek,  King  of  Nor- 
way: see  Magnus  (II)  Smek,  King 
of  Sweden  and  Norway 

Magnus  (I)  Ladulaas  (1240-1298), 
King  of  Sweden,  ca.  1275-1290:  his 
quarrels  with  Valdemar,  16,  104; 
reign  of,  105 

Magnus  (II)  Smek  (1316-1374),  King 
of  Sweden  and  Norway,  1319-1363: 
his  reign  in  Norway,  16,  100;  reign 


of,  107;  compelled  to  renounce  the 
throne,  108 

Magnus  (d.  1134),  Prince  of  Den- 
mark: sketch  of,  16,  76 

Magnus  (d.  1320),  Prince  of  Denmark: 
death  of,  16,   107 

Magnus  (16th  century),  Duke  of  East 
Gothland:  invested  with  his  duchy, 

16,  160;  insanity  of,  163 

Magnus  (nth  century),  Duke  of  Sax- 
ony: his  hostility  to  Henry  IV  of 
Germany,  18,   132 

Magnus,  Johannes  (1488-1544),  Arch- 
bishop of  Upsala:  his  "  History  of 
the  Goths  and  Swedes,"  16,  8 

Magnus  Henriksen  (12th  century), 
Prince  of  Denmark:  invades  Swe- 
den, 16,  102 

Mago  (d.  203  B.  C.),  Carthaginian  gen- 
eral: at  battle  of  the  Trebia,  3,  117; 
defeats  Publius  Scipio,  8,  17;  taken 
prisoner  by  the  Romans,  18;  death, 
3,  130 

Mago  (period  uncertain),  Carthaginian 
writer:  his  treatise  on  agriculture,  3, 

94 
Magoffin,  Beriah  (ca.  i860),  American 

statesman:  as  governor  attempts  to 

keep  Kentucky  neutral,  24,  721 
Magruder,  John  Bankhead  (1810-1871), 

American   general:   in   the   Mexican 

War,  22,  345;  at  battle  of  Bull  Run, 

24,  734;  at  Yorktown,  758 
Magyars,    Finnish    tribe:    why    called 

Hungarians,  18,  99;  main  treatment, 

17,  41;  contribute  to  Austrian  his- 
tory, 5,  7;  invade  Moravia,  34;  aid 
Slavs  against  Turks,  14,  32 

Mahabat  Khan  (ca.  1625),  Indian  gen- 
eral: rebellion  of,  5,  118 

Mahabharata,  Epic  of  the  Hindoos: 
description  of,  5,  49 

Maharajpur,  India:  battle  of  (1843),  5, 
219 

Maharbal  (ca.  220  B.  C),  Carthaginian 
general:  captures  Roman  vanguard, 
3,    118 

Mahdi  (ca.  780  A.  D.),  Asiatic  ruler, 
Caliph  of  Bagdad,  775-785  A.  D.: 
extravagance  of,  1,  343;  sends  in- 
vading army  to  Eastern  Empire, 
350 


436 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Mahdi,  The  (1842-1885),  Egyptian  fa- 
natic: main  treatment,  19,  271;  re- 
volt mentioned,  1,  40 

Mahe  de  la  Bourdonnais,  Bertrand 
Frangois  (1699-1755),  French  naval 
officer:  campaign  in  India,  5,  179 

Mahinkis,  African  tribe:  sketch  of,  19, 
148 

Mahmood  or  Mahmoud:  see  Mahmud 

Mahmud  I  (1696-1754),  Sultan  of 
Turkey,  1730-1754:  accession,  14, 
293,  15.  116;  reign  of,  14,  295;  death 
of,  318 

Mahmud  II  (1785-1839),  Sultan  of 
Turkey,  1808-1839:  instructed  by  Se- 
lim  III,  14,  400;  refuses  mediation, 
*5>  275;  declares  war  with  Russia, 
277;  his  war  with  Mehemet  AH, 
289;  reign  of,  14,  408;  reforms  of, 
439;  death  of,  14,  436,  15,  292 

Mahmud  (d.  1725),  an  Afghan  ruler: 
reign  of,  5,  348;  character  of,  350; 
sketch  of,  15,  78 

Mahmud  (early  15th  century),  titular 
Khan  of  Jagetai:  takes  Bayezid  pris- 
oner, 14,  50 

Mahmud  (1603),  an  Ottoman  prince, 
son  of  Mohammed  III:  put  to 
death,  14,  209 

Mahmud  of  Ghazni,  one  of  the  most 
famous  of  all  the  Mohammedan 
conquerors:  born  at  Ghazni,  967  A. 
D.;  fought  gallantly  under  his  father 
against  the  enemies  of  Nooh,  the 
Samanide  king  of  Persia;  as  he 
was  illtreated  by  the  successor  of 
Nooh,  Mahmud  overthrew  him  and 
extended  his  dominion  over  a  vast 
territory;  undertook  twelve  expedi- 
tions into  India  bent  upon  conquest; 
despoiled  the  temple  of  Somnath; 
beautified  his  capital  Ghazni;  became 
a  patron  of  science  and  literature; 
died  at  Ghazni,  1030 

Reign    of,    5,    91;    conquests    of, 
328 

Mahmud  Shah,  ruler  of  Afghanistan, 
1800-1826:  reign  of,  5,  216 

Mahmud  Tchelebi  (15th  century),  son- 
in-law  of  Murad  II:  ransomed,  14, 
63 


Mahmud  Tughlak,  Sultan  of  India  un- 
til 1398:  reign  of,  5,  104 

Mahomet  Ali  (ca.  1750),  Indian  poli- 
tician: claims  supported  by  the  Eng- 
lish, 9,  242 

Maid  of  Norway,  The:  see  Margaret, 
Queen  of  Scotland 

Maid  of  Orleans,  The:  see  Jeanne 
d'Arc 

Maiden   Castle,   The:   see   Edinburgh 

Maigrot,  Bishop  Charles  (1652-1730), 
Chinese  missionary  of  French  birth: 
visits  China,  6,  74;  discredited  by 
emperor,  75 

Mailhe,  Jean  Baptiste  (1 754-1 834), 
French  revolutionist:  opposes  the 
dogma  of  the  king's  inviolability, 
10,  229 

Maille  (d.  1794),  French  officer:  death 
of,  9,  289 

Maillotins,  The,  name  given  to  French 
insurgents  (ca.  1381) :  account  of, 
9,  107 

Mailmora  (ca.  1000  A.  D.),  King  of 
Leinster:  joins  the  Danes,  12,  41 

Maimonides  (Moses  ben  Maimon) 
(1 135-1204),  Jewish  rabbi  and  philos- 
opher: sketch  of,  1,  417 

Ma'in,  Kingdom  of,  Arabian  king- 
dom: founded,  1,  185 

Maine,  one  of  the  United  States,  orig- 
inally called  "  Mayneland,"  and  is 
sometimes  called  The  Fox  State  and 
the  Pine  Tree  State:  origin,  23,  95; 
absorbed  by  Massachusetts,  96; 
coast  of,  occupied  by  British  in  War 
of  1812,  426;  dispute  over  admission, 
455;  trouble  with  New  Brunswick 
over  boundary,  514;  election  of  1854, 
24,  645;  election  of  1880,  931;  elec- 
tion of  1896,  1018;  election  of  1904, 
1072 

"Maine,"  American  battleship:  de- 
stroyed (1898),  8,  519,  20,  328,  22, 
458,  24,  1024 

Maine,  Sir  Henry  James  Sumner 
(1822-1888),  English  jurist:  law 
member   of  the   Indian   councils,   5, 

245 
Maine,    Louis   Auguste    de    Bourbon, 
Duke   of    (1670-1736):    given    tutor- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


437 


ship  of  Louis  XV  of  France,  9,  227; 
conspires    against    the    regent,    230 

Mainmoy,  Conor,  King  of  Connaught, 
ca.  1200:  opposes  progress  of  De 
Courcy,  12,  55 

Mainotes,  Grecian  tribe:  arm  against 
Turkey,  15,  178 

Maintenon,  Frangoise  d'  Aubigne, 
Marquise  de,  wife  of  Louis  XIV  of 
France:  born  in  the  prison  of  Mort, 
France,  November  27,  1635;  lived 
in  Martinique,  1639-1646;  married 
Scarron  the  burlesque  poet,  1652; 
upon  whose  death  she  was  left  desti- 
tute; appointed  governess  to  the 
Due  du  Maine,  the  son  of  Louis 
XIV  and  Madame  de  Montespan; 
bought  the  estate  of  Maintenon, 
which  the  king  made  a  marquisate, 
1678;  married  Louis  XIV,  1685; 
gained  great  influence  over  the  king 
in  matters  of  policy  and  patronized 
the  fine  arts;  established  a  home 
for. the  daughters  of  poor  gentlemen 
at  St.  Cyr  and  died  there,  April  15, 
1719 

Her  relations  with  Louis  XIV,  9, 
216;  closing  days  of,  226 

Mainvielle,  Pierre  (1765-1793),  French 
revolutionist:  death  of,  10,  279 

Mainz,  Council  of,  a  religious  council 
(852  A.  D.) :  depicts  the  condition  of 
Moravia,  17,  30 

Maitland,  John,  Duke  of  Lauderdale: 
see  Lauderdale,  John  Maitland,  Duke 
of 

Maitland,  Sir  Peregrine  (ca.  1800), 
English  officer:  his  campaign  in 
Hayti,  20,  138 

Maitland  of  Lethington,  Sir  William 
(ca.  1570),  Scottish  statesman:  re- 
fuses England's  demand  for  homage 
from  Scotland,   12,  320 

Maitre-de-Camp,  Regiment  of,  French 
regiment:  revolt  of  (1790),  10,  125 

Maiwand,  India:  battle  of  (1879),  5, 
258 

Majestatbrief,  charter  securing  free- 
dom of  conscience  to  Protestants  in 
Bohemia  (1610),  18,  267 

Majuba  Hill,  South  Africa:  battle  of 
(1881),  11,  634,  20,  230 


Makarov  (ca.  1730),  Russian  states- 
man: career  of,  15,  no 

Makarov,  Stephen  Osipovitch  (1848- 
1904),  Russian  admiral:  death  of,  15, 
361 

Makart,  Hans  (1840-1884),  Austrian 
painter:  sketch  of,  17,  415 

Makbul  Khan  (ca.  1350),  Indian  states- 
man: administration  of,  5,   103 

Malabari,  Behramji  Merwanji  (1853- 
),  Indian  poet  and  social  re- 
former: sketch  of,  5,  271 

Malacca,  district  on  the  Malay  penin- 
sula, India:  sieges  of  (1511),  20,  42; 
(1578),  5,  152;  (1615),  152;  (1628), 
152;  surrenders  to  the  British  (1795), 
20,  139,  251 

Malachi  I,  King  of  Ireland,  846-880  A. 
D.:  defeats  the  Danes,  12,  39 

Malachi  II,  King  of  Ireland,  880-1001 
A.  D. :  reign  of,  12,  41 

Malaga,  Spain:  siege  of  (1488),  8,  122: 
battle  of  (1704),  9,  221;  taken  by 
French  (1810),  337 

Malagon,  Spain:  siege  of  (1212),  8, 
100 

Malak  Shah,  Persian  ruler,  1073-1093: 
reign  of,  5,  330 

Malakov  (Malakoff),  Russia:  taken 
(1855),  9,  448,  15,  322 

Mala-Spina,  Germanicus  de  (ca.  1593), 
Roman  prelate:  in  Sweden,  16,   168 

Malbic,  Captain  (ca.  1602),  English 
officer:  at  battle  of  Aughrim,  12, 
104 

Malcolm  I,  King  of  Scotland,  944-953 
A.  D.:  reign  of,  12,  255 

Malcolm  II,  King  of  Scotland,  1003- 
1033:  defeats  the  North-humbrians, 
11,  60;  reign  of,  12,  256 

Malcolm  (III)  Canmore,  King  of 
Scotland,  1057-1093:  reign  of,  12, 
257;  ravages  northern  England,  11, 
73;  invasion  of  England  and  death, 
86 

Malcolm  IV  (1140-1165),  King  of 
Scotland,  1153-1165:  surrenders 
Northumberland  and  Cumberland 
to  England,  11,  98;  reign  of,  12, 
265 

Malcolm,  Sir  John  (1 769-1833),  Eng- 
lish   diplomat:    envoy   to    Persia,   5, 


438 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


206,  359;  negotiations  with  the  Mar- 
athas,  209 

Maiden,  Canada:  besieged  by  Hull, 
(1812),  23,  420 

Maldonado,  Alonso  (ca.  1535),  Span- 
ish statesman:  made  member  of  the 
audiencia,  22,  107 

Malesherbes,  Christian  William  de 
Lamoignon  de  (1721-1794),  French 
statesman:  sketch  of,  10,  26;  placed 
over  the  king's  household,  9,  253; 
resigns,  254;  counsel  for  Louis 
XVI,  9,  280,  10,  233;  death  of,  9, 
289 

Malietoa  (ca.  1885),  Samoan  chief,  ca- 
reer of,  24,  977 

Malines,  League  of,  coalition  formed 
against  France  and  Venice  by  pow- 
ers   of    Europe    (1513),    formed,    9, 

135 
Malkhatoon       (ca.       1290),      Turkish 
maiden,  wooed  by  Othman,  14,  12 

13 

Mallery  (ca.  1825),  American  states- 
man: reports  on  woolens  bill,  23, 
472 

Mallet,  Paul  Henri  (1730-1807),  Swiss 
historian  and  antiquary:  in  Den- 
mark, 16,  240 

Mallet-Dupan,  Jacques  (1749-1800) 
Swiss  statesman:  his  mission  to  the 
allied  powers,  10,  177;  his  plot,  IO, 
485 

Malli,  a  people  of  India:  oppose  Alex- 
ander, 2,  502 

Mallory,  Stephen  (1810-1873),  Amer- 
ican politician:  Confederate  Secre- 
tary of  War,  24,  694 

Malmaison,  Scheme  of,  new  constitu- 
tion restoring  the  sovereignty  of  the 
Swiss  cantons  and  Diet  (1801),  13, 
5i8 

Malmesbury,  James  Harris,  Earl  of 
(1746-1820),  English  diplomat:  at 
the  court  of  Catharine,  15,  175;  at- 
tempts to  negotiate  a  treaty  with 
France,  10,  396,  11,  546 

Malmesbury,  William  of:  see  William 
of  Malmesbury 

Malmo,  Truce  of,  a  treaty  between 
Germany  and  Denmark  (1848),  16, 
270 


Malojaroslawetz  (Maloyaroslavets), 
Russia:  battle  of  (1812),  9,  342,  15, 
244 

Malone,  Anthony  (ca.  1750),  Irish 
statesman:  leader  of  the  Popular 
Party,  12,  173 

Malouet,  Victor  (1740-1814),  French 
statesman:  elected  member  of  the 
States-General,  10,  39;  made  min- 
ister of  the  naval  department,  9, 
356 

Maloyaroslavets:  see  Malojaroslawetz 

Malplaquet,  Flanders,  France:  battle 
of  (1709),  9,  223,  IX,  459,  13,  250, 
18,  314 

Malta,  island  in  the  Mediterranean: 
siege  of  (1565),  8,  355,  M,  17°;  ca- 
pitulation of  (1800),  11,  551,  15,  207, 
20,  141;  history  of,  20,  253;  govern- 
ment of,  254 

Malta,  Knights  of:  Sheremetiev  admit- 
ted to  the,  15,  36;  found  colonies  in 
the  West  Indies,  20,  71;  Paul  of 
Russia  made  grand  master  of,  15, 
205 

Malvern  Hill,  Virginia:  battle  of 
(1862),  24,  761 

Malwa,  India:  siege  of  (1572),  5,  113 

Mamelon,  Russia:  taken  (1855),  15, 
321 

Mamelukes,  Egyptian  soldiers:  main 
treatment,  I,  36,  37,  14,  127,  128;  re- 
bellion of,  344,  365;  Napoleon  makes 
war  on,  14,  380;  resist  control  of 
Selim  III  of  Turkey,  386;  massacre 
of,  1,  38,  14,  408 

Mamertines,  Italian  tribe:  rise  of,  in 
Sicily,  3,  99 

Man,  Society  of  the  Rights  of,  French 
secret  society:  organized  (1830),  9, 
404 

Man  Eloquent,  Old:  see  Adams,  John 
Quincy 

Man  in  Red  Stockings,  The  Little: 
see  Leopold  I,  Holy  Roman  emper- 
or 

Man  of  Chios,  The:  see  Homer 

Man  of  December,  The:  see  Napoleon 
III,  Emperor  of  the  French 

Man  of  Destiny,  The:  see  Napoleon 
(I)  Bonaparte;  Emperor  of  the 
French 


GENERAL    INDEX 


439 


Man  of  Sedan,  The:  see  Napoleon  III, 

Emperor  of  the  French 
Man  of  Silence,   The:   see   Napoleon 

III,  Emperor  of  the  French 
Man   of   the   People,    The:   see   Fox, 

Charles  James 
Man   Singh,    Raja    (ca.    1600),    Indian 

statesman,     governor     of     Bengal, 

1589-1604:  serves  Akbar  the  Great, 

5,  112 

Manassas,  Battles  of:  see  Bull  Run, 
Battles  of 

Manasseh  (700-642  B.  C),  King  of 
Judah,  697-642  B.  C:  submits  to 
Assyria,  1,  398 

Manasseh  ben  Israel  (1604-1659),  Jew- 
ish scholar:  wins  permission  for 
Jews  to  return  to  England,  1,  421 

Manchester,  Edward  Montagu,  Earl 
of:  see  Montagu,  Edward,  Earl  of 
Manchester 

Manchester  Martyrs,  The  (ca.  1867): 
account  of,  12,  235 

Manchester  Massacre,  The  (1819): 
account  of,  II,  572 

Manchuria,  China:  Russia's  interests 
in,  6,  286,  312,  313,  314;  Japan's  po- 
sition in,  6,  315,  7,  275;  Russia  se- 
cures concessions  in,  15,  348;  Rus- 
sia's  power   in,  353;   Russia   agrees 

.  to  evacuate,  357;  campaigns  in,  360; 
present  situation  in,  6,  316 

Manchus,  The,  Chinese  tribe:  rise  of, 

6,  42;  retreat  of,  48;  enter  Peking, 
54;  successes  of,  56 

Mancinus,  Lucius  Hostilius  (ca.  150 
B.  C),  Roman  praetor:  campaign  in 
Africa,  3,  164 

Manco-Capac  II  (1500-1544),  Inca  of 
Peru,  1533-1544:  aids  Spaniards,  21, 
22;  rebels  against  Pizarro,  24 

Mandat,  A.  J.  Gaillot  de  (1751-1792), 
French  soldier:  plans  to  crush  in- 
surrection of  August  10,  1792,  10, 
190;  murdered  at  the  Hotel  de  Ville, 
9,  275,  10,  192 

Mandingoes,  African  tribe:  sketch  of, 
19,  148 

Manege,  The,  French  political  party: 
so  called,  10,  406;  meetings  of, 
closed,  408 

Manetho   (3rd  century  B.   C),   Egyp- 


tian priest:  authority  for  early  Egyp- 
tian  history,   1,   10 

Manfred  (13th  century),  King  of  Si- 
cily and  Naples,  1254-1265:  regent, 
18,  168;  crowned  king,  169;  reign 
of,  4,  206,  9,  84;  death,  4,  215 

Mangino,  Fernando  (ca.  1780),  Mexi- 
can financier:  made  superintendent 
of  finances,  22,  215 

Mangu  Khan  (ca.  1245),  Chinese 
ruler:  reign  of,  6,  18,  19 

Mangum,  William  Person  (1792- 
1861),  American  statesman:  sup- 
ported by  South  Carolina,  23,  510 

Manhattan  Island,  New  York  State: 
purchased  from  Indians,  23,  102; 
colonial  population  of,  104 

Manifestu  of  Instruction,  issued  by 
Catherine  the  Great  of  Russia 
(1766),  15,  181 

Manila  (Manilla),  City  of,  Philippine 
Islands:  built  (1564),  20,  51,  22,  120; 
captured  by  the  English  (1762),  5, 
181,  11,  505,  20,  120;  made  a  free 
port,  20,  133;  captured  by  the 
Americans  (1898),  20,  316,  24,  1029 

Manila  (Manilla)  Bay:  battle  of 
(1898),  8,  520,  20,  315,  22,  458,  24, 
1028 

Manilius,  Gaius  (ca.  70  B.  C),  Roman 
politician:  proposes  to  invest  Pom- 
peius  with  the  command  in  the 
East,  3,  271;  raises  troops  for  Cati- 
lina's  conspiracy,  282 

Manilius,  Manius  (ca.  149  B.  C),  Ro- 
man general  and  statesman:  at  siege 
of  Carthage,  3,  164 

Manitoba,  Province  of,  Canada:  cre- 
ated, 20,  169 

Mankind,  The  Darling  of:  see  Ves- 
pasian, Roman  Emperor 

Mankind,  The  Delight  of:  see  Titus, 
Roman  Emperor 

Manlius,  Marcus  (ca.  390  B.  C),  Ro- 
man consul:  bravery  of,  3,  59 

Mannadatter,  Katherine  (ca.  1570), 
Swedish  peasant  girl,  queen  of  Erik 
XIV  of  Sweden:  sketch  of,  16,  163. 
164 

Mannheim,  Germany:  destroyed  by 
Tilly  (1622),  18,  272;  siege  of  (1795), 
359 


440 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Manning  (ca.  1814),  English  scholar 
and  traveler:  visits  Lhasa,  6,  122 

Manning,  Daniel  (ca.  1880),  American 
statesman:  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, 24,  950  note 

Manoa,  South  America:  description  of, 
21,  27 

Mans,  France:  battle  of  (1793),  10, 
248  note 

Mansell,  Charles  Grenville  (1806- 
1886),  Anglo-Indian  statesman:  ad- 
ministers the  Punjab,  5,  222 

Mansfeld,  Ernst,  Count  of  (1580- 
1626),  German  soldier:  aids  Prot- 
estants of  Bohemia,  17,  203,  18, 
268;  aids  Frederick  V  of  the  Palat- 
inate, 13,  204,  18,  271 

Mansfield,  Joseph  King  Fenno  (1803- 
1862),  American  general:  killed  at 
Antietam,  24,  765 

Mansfield  (Mansfeld),  Peter  Ernst, 
Count  of  (1517-1604),  German 
statesman  and  soldier:  withdraws 
from  confederation,  13,  93;  made 
governor  of  Brussels,  96;  takes  the 
new  oath  of  allegiance,  102;  member 
of  governing  council  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 120;  appointed  governor  of 
the  Netherlands,   160 

Mansfield,  William  Murray,  Earl  of 
(1705-1793),  English  jurist:  sketch 
of,  11,  494;  becomes  Chief  Justice, 
497;  his  decision  regarding  slavery, 
540;  opposes  repeal  of  Stamp  Act, 
23,  214;  favors  the  "intolerable" 
acts,  23,  220 

Mansourah,  Asia  Minor:  battle  of 
(1249),  9,  81 

Manstein,  Christoph  Hermann  von 
(1711-1757),  Russian  general  and 
historical  writer:  quoted,  15,  103, 
137 

Mansurov,  General  (ca.  1773),  Russian 
officer:  relieves  Yaitsk,  15,   168 

Mantanzas  (Matanzas),  Cuba:  bom- 
bardment of  (1898),  24,  1028 

Manteuffel,  Edwin  Hans  Karl,  Baron 
of  (1809-1885),  German  general:  in 
the  Franco-Prussian  War,  18,  426; 
his  policy  as  governor  in  Alsace- 
Lorraine,  436 

Manteuffel,     Otto     Theodor,     Baron 


(1805-1882),  Prussian  statesman:  at 
the  conference  at  Olmiitz,  17,  382 

Mantinea,  Greece:  feud  with  Tegea, 
2,  18;  allied  to  Sparta,  237;  at  war 
with  Sparta,  321;  first  battle  of  (418 
B.  C.)»  325;  walls  of,  cast  down  by 
Sparta,  420;  walls  rebuilt,  439;  joins 
Sparta,  447;  second  battle  of  (362 
B.  C),  449 

Mantua,  Italy:  condition  of,  at  the 
beginning  of  the  Napoleonic  period, 
I7»  279!  conference  at  (1791),  by 
the  powers  opposed  to  the  revolu- 
tion, 10,  136;  capitulation  of  (i797), 
4,  344,  10,  382,  18,  361 

Manu,  Code  of,  laws  of  the  Brahmans 
in   northern   India:   compiled,   5,   49 

Manua  Islands,  South  Pacific  Ocean: 
annexed   to   the   United   States,   24, 

1034 
Manuel    (II)    Palaeologus    (d.    1425), 

Byzantine    Emperor,    1391-1425:   ac- 
count of,  14,  53,  54 
Manuel  the  Fortunate  (ca.  1500),  King 

of   Portugal:   marriages   of,   8,    187; 

made  constable  of  the  kingdom,  322; 

reign  of,  325 
Manuel,  Procureur  (ca.  1792),  French 

official:   suspended,   10,   184 
Manuel,  Nicholas  (ca.  1500),  Swedish 

poet    and    painter:    sketch    of,    13, 

431 

Manuel  Philibert:  see  Emmanuel  Phil- 
ibert 

Manufactures: 

AFRICA:   of  the   Carthaginians,  3, 
95;    flourishing    condition,     19,    90; 
German  factories  established,  107 
ARABIA:  use  of  the  camel's  hair, 

1,  193 

AUSTRALIA:  of  wool,  20,  186 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:    encourag- 
ed by  Rudolf  IV,   17,   104;  in   19th 
century,  450 

BABYLON:  description  of,  1,  105 
CHINA:  Hwangti  teaches  the  peo- 
ple, 6,  5 

DENMARK:  improved  by  Chris- 
tian IV,  15,  201 

ENGLAND:  products  sent  to  Flan- 
ders, 11,  159;  18th  century,  533, 
534;     of     iron     moved     to     north, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


441 


535;  flourishing  condition,  n,  602; 
supplies  from  Africa,  19,  33;  after 
War  of  the  Roses,  20,  58;  stimu- 
lated by  colonial  trade,  71,  107 
FRANCE:  improved,  by  Colbert,  9, 
208;  prohibitions  on,  10,  9;  city  of 
Lyons,  268;  encouraged  by  the  as- 
sembly, 424;  under  Napoleon  III,  9, 

453 

GERMANY:  under  Frederick  the 
Great,  18,  344;  under  Bismarck,  443 
GREECE:  scarcity  of,  at  present 
time,  2,  547 

INDIA:  under  trade-guilds,  3,  79; 
English  and  French,  20,  61;  at  Ma- 
dras, 62 

IRELAND:  repression,  12,  165 
ITALY:  scarcity  of,  3,  159;  in  15th 
century,  23,  21 

JAPAN:  at  the  beginning  of  the 
empire,  7,  8;  art  of  weaving  devel- 
oped, 18;  during  the  Nara  Epoch, 
34;  under  the  Kamakura  govern- 
ment, 81;  under  the  Edo  govern- 
ment, 135,  136,  144;  present  condi- 
tion, 243 

MEXICO:  under  Spanish,  20,  52; 
present  status,  22,  419,  420 
NETHERLANDS:  16th  century, 
*5>  57>  58;  increase  of,  13,  74; 
effect  of  persecution  on,  166;  in 
flourishing  condition  (ca.  1814), 
284;  at  Liege,  Ghent,  and  Verviers, 
294 

ROME:  in  Gallic  provinces,  3,  295 
RUSSIA:  16th  century,  15,  18;  im- 
proved under  Anne,  113;  encouraged 
by  Anna  Leopoldovna,  128;  encour- 
aged by  Catherine  the  Great,  182 
SCOTLAND:  improvement  of,  12, 
374 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  established  by 
Jesuits,  20,  93;  increase  in  Chili, 
21,  229;  Brazil  under  John  VI,  165; 
Paraguay,  21,  148,  151;  Venezuela, 
242 

SPAIN:  of  Arabs,  1,  320;  neglected, 
8,  422 

SWEDEN:  encouraged  by  Charles 
X,    16,    210 

SWITZERLAND:  in  twelfth  and 
thirteenth   centuries,    13,   355;    fame 


of,  428,  429;  at  Zurich,  St.  Gall,  and 
Appenzell,  451;  increase  of,  493; 
preeminence  of,  592 
TURKEY:  increased  under  Sulei- 
man the  Great,  14,  144 
UNITED  STATES:  in  the  Caroli- 
nas,  23,  75;  in  the  colonies,  134; 
in  New  England,  20,  101,  23,  134; 
in  southern  colonies,  23,  136;  col- 
onies to  cultivate  home  manufac- 
tures, 224;  Hamilton's  plans  for  its 
protection,  354;  growth  under  ship- 
ping embargo,  436;  American  com- 
pared with  British,  436;  demands 
for  protection  of,  471;  resource  of 
the  North,  24,  726;  rise  of  trusts, 
971 
WEST  INDIES:  Cuba,  22,  489 

Manuza  (ca.  738  A.  D.),  Moorish 
chief:  rebellion  of,  1,  335 

Manwaring,  Roger  (early  16th  cen- 
tury), English  clergyman:  impeach- 
ed, 11,  326 

Manz,  Felix  (ca.  1525),  Swiss  Re- 
former: account  of,  13,  437 

Manzikert,  Asia  Minor:  battle  of 
(1070),  5,  330 

Manzoni,  Alexander  (1 784-1 873),  Ital- 
ian author:  sketch  of,  4,  410 

Map,  Walter  (1140-1210),  Welsh  au- 
thor: sketch  of,  11,  116 

Mapa,  South  America:  attacked  by  the 
Brazilians    (1885),  21,  263 

Mar,  Alexander  Stuart  (Stewart), 
Earl  of  (early  15th  century),  Scotch 
soldier:  his  campaign  against  Don- 
ald, Lord  of  the  Isles,  12,  289 

Mar,  James  Stuart,  Earl  of:  see  James 
Stuart,  Earl  of  Mar,  and  Earl  of 
Murray 

Mar,  John  Erskine,  Earl  of  (d.  1572), 
Regent  of  Scotland,  1571-1572: 
made  regent,  12,  322 

Mar,  John  Erskine,  Earl  of  (1675- 
1732),  Scotch  officer:  revolt  of,  11, 
470,  12,  361 

Marakov,  Vice  Admiral  (d.  1904), 
Russian  naval  officer :  his  services 
in  the  Russo-Japanese  War,  7,  307 

Marat,  Jean  Paul  (1744-1793),  French 
revolutionist,  called  The  People's 
Friend,    The    Apostle   of   Massacre, 


442 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


and  The  Republican  Martyr:  leader 
of  the  commune,  9,  278,  10,  203;  de- 
nounced in  the  convention,  10,  220; 
attacks  Girondists,  9,  284,  10,  254; 
assassination  of,  9,  285,  10,  268;  in- 
fluence after  his  death,  10,  268 

Maratha  Ditch,  India:  erected,  5,   182 

Maratha  Wars,  war  between  the  Brit- 
ish in  India  and  the  Marathas:  first 
(1799-1781),  5,  136,  193;  second 
(1802-1804),  136,  201;  third  (1817), 
208 

Marathas  (Mahrattas),  Hindu  tribe: 
rise  of,  5,  121,  130 

Marathon,  Greece:  battle  of  (490  B. 
C.)»  i»  166,  2,  166 

Marathon  of  Switzerland,  The:  see 
Morgarten:  battle  of  (1315) 

Marbach,  League  of,  temporary  union 
of  the  reigning  princes  and  cities  of 
Germany  (1405):  formed,  18,  199 

Marbeut,  Seigneur  de:  see  Rouille, 
Pierre 

Marblehead,  Massachusetts:  becomes 
the  port  of  entry  for  Massachusetts 
(1774),  23,  220 

"  Marblehead,"  United  States  vessel, 
24, 1059 

Marbod,  chief  of  Marcomanni  (1st 
century  B.  C),  German  chief:  ac- 
count of,  18,  15;  struggles  with  Her- 
mann, 21 

Marbois,  Francois  (174 5-1837),  French 
statesman  and  historian:  quoted,  23, 
396 

Marburg,  Germany:  conference  at,  18, 
247 

Marcel,  fitienne  (d.  1358),  French  citi- 
zen leader,  Provost  of  Paris  mer- 
chants, 1355-1358:  leads  the  Third 
Estate,  9,  96;  power  of,  100;  death 
of,  101 

Marcellus,  Marcus  (43-23  B.  C),  Ro- 
man noble:  sketch  of,  4,  40 

Marcellus,  Marcus  Claudius  (268-208 
B.  C).  Roman  general,  called  The 
Sword  of  Rome:  appointed  to  the 
chief  command  of  the  army,  3,  123; 
besieges  Syracuse,  124;  campaign  in 
Spain,  3,  161 

Marcellus,  Marcus  Claudius  (died  46 
B.  C),   Roman  general  and  states- 


man, consul  of  Rome,  51  B.  C.:  elec- 
tion of,  3,  328;  proposes  the  two 
Gallic  provinces  be  given  to  the 
consuls  of  50  B.  C,  330;  authorizes 
Pompeius  to  make  war  on  Caesar, 
332;   goes  into  voluntary  exile,   350 

March,  Edmund  Mortimer,  Earl  of: 
see  Mortimer,  Edmund,  Earl  of 
March 

March,  George  Dunbar,  Earl  of  (1338- 
1420),  Scotch  statesman  and  sol- 
dier: sketch  of,  12,  288;  deprived  of 
his  estate,  292 

March,  River,  Austria:  battle  of  the 
(1278),  18,  181 

March  of  the  Blanketeers,  name  given 
to  expedition  of  Manchester  work- 
men  (1816):  account  of,  11,  571 

Marchand,  Jean  Baptiste   (1863 ), 

French  officer  and  explorer:  his  ex- 
pedition to  Fashoda,  20,  282 

Marche,  Count  de  la  (early  13th  cen- 
tury), French  chief:  revolts  against 
Louis  IX,  9,  80 

Marche,  Count  de  la  (late  14th  cen- 
tury), French  chief:  joins  conspir- 
acy against  Pedro  the  Cruel,  8, 
166 

Marche-en-Famenne,  Treaty  of,  agree- 
ment between  the  Netherlands  and 
Spain  (1577),  13,  126 

Marchegg,  Austria:  battle  of  (1278), 
17,  76 

Marchin,  Ferdinand,  Count  of  (1656- 
1706),  French  general:  campaigns  in 
the  War  of  the  Spanish  Succession, 
9,  221;  death  of,  222 

Marcia  (2nd  century  A.  D.),  Roman 
courtesan:  assassinates  Commodus, 
4,  99 

Marcian  Law,  a  Roman  law:  regulates 
the  censorship,  3,  52 

Marcianus  (5th  century  A.  D.),  Roman 
partisan:  made  prefect  of  the  city, 
4,  141 

Marcius  Quintus  (2nd  century  B.  C.)» 
Roman  consul,  168  B.  C. :  deludes 
the  Rhodians,  3,  150 

Marck,  Count  Guillaume  de  la  (1446- 
1485),  Flemish  chief:  atrocities  of, 
8,  360 

Marco  Polo:  see  Polo,  Marco 


GENERAL    INDEX 


443 


Marcomanni,  German  people:  location 
of,  18,  6;  attack  Celts,  17,  11;  settle 
Deserta  Boiorum,  12;  prepare  for 
war  with  Rome  (11-7  B.  C),  17,  13, 
18,  15;  lead  revolt  •  against  Rome, 
(166  A.  D.),  18,  26 

Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus  (121-180 
A.    D.),    Roman    Emperor,    161-180 

A.  D.:  character  and  opinions,  2, 
523,  525;  adopted  by  Antoninus  Pius, 
4,  94;  reign,  96;  condition  of  Spain 
under,  8,  26;  at  war  with  the  barba- 
rians, 17,  14,  18,  26;  death,  4,  97 

Marcy,  William  Learned  (1786-1857), 
American  statesman:  Secretary  of 
State,  24,  624;  instructs  ministers 
abroad  as  to  dress,  24,  639;  de- 
mands release  of  Koszta,  24,  641 

Mardia,  European  Turkey:  battle  of, 
4,  119 

Mardonius  (5th  century  B.  C),  Per- 
sian commander:  sent  against 
Greeks,  1,  166;  governor  of  Ionia, 
3>  139;  persuades  Xerxes  to  retire 
home,  205;  occupies  Athens,  207; 
fights  battle  of  Plataea,  209;  killed, 
211 

Marduk-balatsu-ikbi    (ca.  9th   century 

B.  C),  King  of  Babylonia:  defeated 
by  Assyrians,  I,  81 

Marduk-nadin-shum,  King  of  Babylo- 
nia (9th  century  B.  C):  reign  of, 
1,  80 

Marengo,  Italy:  battle  of  (1800),  4, 
345,  9,  317,  10,  439,  17,  285,  18,  364 

Maret,  Hugues  Bernard:  see  Bassano, 
Hugues  Bernard 

Marfil,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1810),  22, 
238 

Margall,  Pi  y  (late  19th  century), 
Spanish  politician:  dictator  of  Spain, 
8,  513 

Margaret  (d.  1093),  Queen  of  Scot- 
land, sister  of  Eadgar  the  ^Ethling: 
marries  Malcolm  Canmore  of  Scot- 
land, 12,  258;  her  influence  over 
Malcolm,  11,  86;  death  of,  86 

Margaret  (1240-1275),  Queen  of  Scot- 
land, daughter  of  Henry  III  of  Eng- 
land: marries  Alexander  III  of 
Scotland,   12,   268 


Margaret,  the  Maid  of  Norway  (1283- 
1290),  Queen  of  Scotland,  1286- 
1290:  reign  of,  12,  271;  betrothed  to 
Prince  of  Wales,  II,  146;  death, 
11,  147;  sketch  of,  16,  100 

Margaret  (early  13th  century),  daugh- 
ter of  Saint  Erik  of  Sweden:  accu- 
sations against,  16,  98 

Margaret  (15th  century),  daughter  of 
Christian  of  Norway:  marries  James 
III  of  Scotland,  12,  296 

Margaret  of  Anjou,  Queen  of  Henry 
VI  of  England  and  daughter  of 
Rene,  Count  of  Provence:  born  at 
Pont-a-Mousson,  Lorraine,  March 
23,  1429;  married,  April  22,  1445 J 
became  unpopular  in  England,  on 
account  of  the  cession  of  the  prov- 
inces of  Maine  and  Anjou,  then  in 
the  hands  of  the  English,  to  her 
father;  soon  became  the  real  ruler 
of  England,  owing  to  the  periods 
of  imbecility  to  which  the  king  was 
subject;  the  opposition  of  the 
Duke  of  York,  who  claimed  the 
throne  by  an  elder  line  of  descent, 
caused  the  War  of  the  Roses,  open- 
ing with  the  battle  of  St.  Albans, 
1455,  and  continuing  for  several 
reigns;  Margaret  was  forced  to  flee 
to  Scotland  but  soon  rallied  her 
party;  invaded  England,  and  killed 
the  Duke  of  York  at  Wakefield, 
1460;  released  her  captive  husband 
by  the  second  battle  of  St.  Albans, 
February  17,  1461;  was  defeated  at 
the  battle  of  Towton,  March  29, 
1461,  and  forced  to  escape  to  Scot- 
land and  France;  made  another  un- 
successful invasion,  1462;  succeeded 
by  the  aid  of  Warwick  in  reinstat- 
ing Henry  upon  the  throne,  1470; 
but  Warwick  was  killed  at  Barnet, 
April  14,  1471,  and  she  was  defeated 
and  captured  at  Tewkesbury,  May 
4,  1471,  her  only  son,  Prince  Ed- 
ward, being  killed  and  the  king  put 
to  death  soon  after;  Margaret  was 
imprisoned  in  the  Tower  or  at 
Windsor  until  1475  when  she  was 
ransomed  by  Louis  XI  of  France; 


444 


THE    HISTORY   OF    NATIONS 


lived  in  seclusion  thenceforth  at  Re- 
culee,  near  Angers,  and  died  at 
Dampierre,  August  25,  1481 

Marries  Henry  VI  of  England, 
ix,  206;  takes  up  arms  against 
Yorkists,  212;  escapes  to  Scotland, 
213;  defeated  by  Montague,  215 

Margaret  of  Austria  (1480-1530),  Re- 
gent of  Netherlands,  1506-1530:  ca- 
reer of,  13,  53;  sent  to  Paris,  18, 
218;  returns  to  Austria,  220;  nego- 
tiates the  Ladies'  Peace,  9,  141 

Margaret  of  Burgundy  (1446-1503), 
sister  of  Edward  IV  of  England: 
supports  claims  of  Perkin  Warbeck, 
11,  227;  death  of,  9,  89 

Margaret  of  Denmark,  Queen  of  Den- 
mark, Norway,  and  Sweden,  daugh- 
ter of  Waldemar  III,  King  of  Den- 
mark: born  at  Copenhagen,  1353; 
was  married  to  Haquin,  King  of  Nor- 
way, 1363;  appointed  regent  of  Den- 
mark during  the  minority  of  her 
son,  1375,  and  became  Queen  of 
Norway  upon  the  death  of  her  hus- 
band, 1380;  when  her  son  died,  1387, 
she  became  Queen  of  Denmark;  car- 
ried on  war  against  Albert,  King  of 
Sweden  and  captured  him,  1388; 
gave  him  his  liberty  in  return  for 
his  renunciation  of  the  crown;  the 
"  Calmar  Union  "  was  formed,  1397, 
by  which  Sweden,  Denmark,  and 
Norway  were  united  under  one  sov- 
ereign, and  Eric  VII,  the  nephew 
of  Margaret,  was  pronounced  her 
heir;  died,  October  28,  1412 

Marriage  of,  16,  100,  117;  reign 
of,   119;   death  of,   125 

Margaret  of  France  (12th  century), 
wife  of  Bela  III  of  Hungary:  mar- 
ries Bela  III,  17,  54 

Margaret  of  Pomerania  (14th  cen- 
tury), Queen  of  Denmark:  becomes 
regent,  16,  96 

Margaret  of  Provence  (i553-i6i5),wife 
of  Louis  IX  of  France:  marriage 
of,  9,  80;  holds  Damietta,  81 

Margaret  of  Tyrol:  see  Margaret 
Maultasche 

Margaret  of  Valois  (1553-1615),  Queen 
of  Henry  IV  of   France:   marriage 


of,  9,  157;  visits  the  Netherlands, 
13,  127;  divorced  from  Henry,  9, 
171 

Margaret  Maultasche  (14th  century), 
Queen  of  Bohemia:  at  war  with  the 
Emperor,  17,  101;  marries  Henr. , 
son  of  Lewis  of  Bavaria,  18,  190; 
character  of,  17,  104 

Margaret  Tudor  (1489-1541),  Queen  of 
James  IV  of  Scotland:  marriage  of, 
11,  229,  12,  299 

Margaret:  see  also  Margareta,  Mar- 
grete,  and  Marguerite 

Margarita,  one  of  the  West  Indies: 
discovered,   21,    12 

Margarita  (early  15th  century), 
Queen  of  Martin  of  Aragon:  mar- 
riage of,  8,  260 

Margarita  of  Parma  (late  16th  cen- 
tury), daughter  of  Charles  VI: 
mentioned,  8,  353;  made  regent  of 
the  Low  Countries,  8,  357,  13,  72; 
joins  plot  against  Granville,  13,  78; 
death  of,  106 

Margarita:  see  also  Margaret 

Margarite,  Pedro  (late  15th  century), 
Spanish  naval  adventurer:  leads 
plot  against  Columbus,  21,  10 

Margary  (19th  century),  English  dip- 
lomat: murder  of,  6,  239 

Margrete:  see  also  Margaret 

Margrete  of  Bohemia:  see  Dagmar, 
Queen  of  Denmark 

Margrete  of  Sweden  (early  12th  cen- 
tury), Queen  of  Norway:  marriage 
of,  16,  97 

Marguerite  of  Lorraine  (17th  cen- 
tury), French  princess:  marries 
Gaston  of  Orleans,  9,   188 

Marguerite:  see  Margaret 

Maria  I  (1734-1816),  Queen  of  Portu- 
gal: reign  of,  8,  474 

Maria  (II)  da  Gloria  (1819-1853), 
Queen  of  Portugal,  1834-1853:  reign 
of,  8,  535;  recognized  as  queen,  8, 
536,  21,  167;  excluded  from  the  suc- 
cession in  Brazil,  169 

Maria  (1847 ),  Queen  dowager  of 

Portugal:  marries  Luis  I,  8,  538 

Maria  (late  14th  century),  Queen  of 
Sicily:  marries  Martin  of  Aragon, 
4,  263 


GENERAL    INDEX 


445 


Maria  de  Padilla,  Dona  (14th  cen- 
tury), mistress  of  Pedro  the  Cruel: 
her  relations  with  Pedro  the  Cruel, 
8,  161;  death  of,  165 

Maria  of  Burgundy:  see  Mary  of 
Burgundy 

Maria  of  the  Palatinate  (late  16th  cen- 
tury), Queen  of  Sweden:  marriage 
of,  16,  174 

Maria  Alekseievna  (early  18th  cen- 
tury), sister  of  Peter  the  Great: 
plots  with  Alexis,  15,  76 

Maria  Amalia  of  Leuchtenberg,  wife 
of  Pedro  I  of  Brazil:  marriage  of 
(1829),  21,  168 

Maria  Caroline  of  Austria  (18th  cen- 
tury), daughter  of  Francis  I  and 
Maria  Theresa:  marries  Ferdinand 
of  the  Two  Sicilies,  17,  245 

Maria    Christina    (1858 ),    Queen 

regent  of  Spain,  1885-1902:  regency 
of,  8,  517 

Maria  Christina  (17th  century),  moth- 
er of  Charles  Emmanuel  II:  re- 
gency of,  4,  322 

Maria  Christina  of  Austria  (18th  cen- 
tury), daughter  of  Francis  I  and 
Maria  Theresa:  marries  Albert  of 
Saxony,  17,  245 

Maria  Christina  of  Naples  (1806- 
1878),  Queen-regent  of  Spain,  1833- 
1840:  marries  Ferdinand  VII  of 
Spain,  8,  496;  regency  of,  497 

Maria  Eleanora  of  Brandenburg 
(I599_I655),  Queen  of  Sweden:  wife 
of  Gustavus  Adolphus:  character  of, 
16,  204 

Maria  Feodorovna  (d.  1828),  Empress 
of  Russia:  marries  Paul,  15,  172; 
claims  the  throne,  209 

Maria  Leczinski  (1 703-1 768),  a  Polish 
princess:  marries  Louis  XV  of 
France,  9,  234 

Maria  Louisa  (1791-1847),  Empress  of 
the  French:  marries  Napoleon,  9, 
338,  10,  481,  17,  302,  18,  377,  378 

Maria  Louisa  (1751-1819),  Queen  of 
Spain:  her  relations  with  Godoy,  8, 
481 

Maria  Teresa  (1638-1683),  Queen  con- 
sort of  Louis  XIV  of  France:  mar- 
riage of,  8,  379 


Maria  Teresa  Magdalena  Barbara  (d. 

I758),  Queen  of  Spain:  character  of, 
8,  413;  death  of,  22,  199 

Maria  Theresa,  Archduchess  of  Aus- 
tria, Queen  of  Hungary  and  Bohe- 
mia, called  The  Mother  of  her 
Country:  born  in  Vienna,  May  13, 
1717;  was,  1723,  declared  sole  heir 
of  the  house  of  Hapsburg  by  the 
Pragmatic  Sanction  of  1713;  mar- 
ried Francis  Stephen,  Grand  Duke 
of  Tuscany,  1736;  on  the  death  of 
Charles  VI,  1740,  ascended  the 
throne  and  appointed  her  husband 
co-regent  but  in  spite  of  the  Prag- 
matic Sanction  claims  to  various 
parts  of  her  domain  were  immedi- 
ately raised  and  the  War  of  the 
Austrian  Succession  followed;  by 
the  Peace  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  1748, 
she  lost  Parma  and  Piacenza  to 
Spain  and  Silesia  to  Prussia  while 
her  husband  was  recognized  as  Em- 
peror of  Germany;  was  engaged  in 
the  Seven  Years'  War  (1756-1763) 
against  Prussia:  on  the  death  of 
Francis,  1765,  associated  her  son  Jo- 
seph with  her  as  co-regent;  partici- 
pated in  the  partition  of  Poland, 
1772;  compelled  Turkey  to  cede  Bu- 
kowina,  1777;  was  responsible  for 
many  internal  reforms;  died  at  Vi- 
enna, November  29,  1780 

Birth  of,  18,  319;  marries  Francis 
of  Lorraine,  324;  her  succession  se- 
cured, 17,  191;  accession  of,  13,  254, 
15,  129,  23,  163;  reign  of,  17,  239, 
18,  325,  347;  seeks  an  alliance  with 
Russia,  15,  135;  her  intrigues  at  the 
Russian  court,  141,  174;  attempts 
to  acquire  African  possessions,  19, 
40 

Maria  Theresa  (d.  1855),  Queen  of 
Sardinia,  mother  of  Victor  Emman- 
uel II:  death  of,  4,  370 

Maria  Theresa  (late  18th  century), 
wife  of  Albert  of  Saxe-Teschen: 
recalled  from  Belgium,  13,  260 

"Maria  Theresa,"  a  Spanish  vessel: 
in  battle  of  Santiago,  24,  1030 

Mariana  (Marina)  (16th  century),  an 
Aztec    Indian    girl,    companion    of. 


446 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Cortez:  sketch  of,  22,  14;  warns 
Cortez  of  the  plot  of  Montezuma, 
20;  present  at  the  surrender  of  Mex- 
ico,  61;   later  years   of,  69*  432 

Marianne  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean: 
purchased  by  Germany,  20,  302 

Mariano  (early  19th  century),  a  Mex- 
ican Indian  insurgent:  excites  re- 
bellion, 22,  227 

Marie,  Alexandre  Thomas  (1797- 
1870),  a  French  advocate  and  re- 
publican: member  of  the  provisional 
government,  9,  435 

Marie  Amelia  (18th  century),  daugh- 
ter of  Francis  I  and  Maria  Theresa: 
marries    Ferdinand    of    Parma,    17, 

245 

Marie  Amelie  (19th  century),  wife  of 
Carlos  I  of  Portugal:  marriage  of 
(1886),   8,   539 

Marie  Antoinette  (Maria  Antonia), 
Queen  of  France,  the  daughter  of 
Maria  Theresa  and  the  Emperor 
Francis  I  of  Germany,  called  Ma- 
dame Veto:  born  at  Vienna,  No- 
vember 2,  175S;  was  married  to  the 
Dauphin  of  France,  afterwards 
Louis  XVI,  1770;  opposed  all  the 
revolutionary  reforms;  during  the 
captivity  of  the  royal  family,  she 
displayed  great  fortitude;  when  the 
Girondists  fell  from  power,  she  was 
condemned  to  death  and  executed, 
October  16,  1793 

Marriage  of,  17,  245;  secures  re- 
call of  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  10, 
34;  death  of,  9,  287,  10,  279,  17,  281, 
18,  356 

Marie  de'  Medici  (1573-1642),  Queen- 
consort  of  Henry  IV  of  France: 
marriage  of,  9,  172;  claims  the  re 
gency  of  France  for  Louis  XIII, 
177;    exiled    from    court,    180 

Marie  Louise  (early  19th  century), 
Empress  of  Austria,  wife  of  Francis 
II:  crowned  Queen  of  Hungary,  17, 

334 
Marie  Louise  of  France   (1 662-1 689), 

Queen  of  Spain:  marries  Carlos  II 

of  Spain,  8,  383 
Marienburg,  Germany:  capital  of  the 


German  Order,  18,  195;  surrender 
of  (1702),  15,  42 

Marietta,  Georgia:  Johnson  entrenched 
on  Kenesaw  Mountain  at,  24,  794 

Marietta,  Ohio:  founded,  23,  319,  364 

Mari-Galante,  one  of  the  Antilles:  dis- 
covered, 21,  9 

Marignano,    Italy:   battles    of    (1515), 

4,  294,  9,  136,  13,  422;  (1859),  4, 
373 

Marignolli,  John  de  (14th  century), 
Franciscan  friar:  visits  India,  5, 
142 

Marillac,  Marshal  Louis  de  (1573- 
1632),  French  soldier:  death  of,  9, 
188 

Marino  (early  19th  century),  South 
American  revolutionist:  supports  re- 
bellion of  Paez,  21,  81 

Marion,  Francis,  an  American  general 
of  the  Revolution:  born  in  South 
Carolina,  1732;  entered  the  army 
soon  after  the  war  had  begun; 
helped  to  defend  Sullivan's  Island 
against  the  British,  1776;  led  a  bri- 
gade in  guerrilla  warfare  for  more 
than  three  years  and  won  many  vic- 
tories; escaped  capture  in  spite  of 
all  efforts  by  the  British  generals  to 
seize  him;  died  on  his  plantation 
near    Eutaw,    S.    C,    February    29, 

1795 
Sketch  of,  23,  273 
Mariquita,     South     America:     rebels 

against  Spanish  authority,  21,  57 
Maris,  tribe  of  India:  description  of, 

5,  28 

Maritza,  river  of  southeastern  Eu- 
rope  (1363):  battle  of,   14,  30 

Marius,  Gaius,  a  Roman  general:  born 
near  Arpinum,  157  B.  C:  served 
under  Scipio  Africanus;  was  chosen 
tribune  of  the  people,  119;  became 
prsetor,  115;  was  chosen  consul  for, 
107,  and  put  in  command  of  the 
Jugurthine  war;  again  elected  con- 
sul, 104;  repulsed  the  barbarians  at 
Aix  in  Gaul,  102;  defeated  the  Cim- 
bri;  became  consul,  100;  served  un- 
der the  consuls  in  the  Social  War, 
but    resigned    through    jealousy    of 


GENERAL    INDEX 


447 


Sulla;  gained  the  command  of  the 
Mithridatic  war,  but  was  forced  by 
Sulla  to  take  refuge  in  Italy;  en- 
tered Rome  during  an  absence  of 
Sulla  and  caused  the  opposite  party 
to  be  massacred;  became  consul,  86 
B.  C;  but  died  of  fever  the  same 
year 

Early  career,  3,  196;  accompanies 
Metellus  to  Africa,  189;  assumes 
command  in  Africa,  190;  nominated 
as  consul,  194;  campaign  against  the 
Cimbri  and  Teutons,  13,  329,  18,  4; 
at  battle  of  Vercellae,  3,  195;  re- 
forms of,  200;  retires  to  the  east, 
201;  rupture  with  Saturninus  and 
Glaucia,  201;  given  supreme  com- 
mand against  Mithridates,  210;  es- 
capes from  the  wrath  of  Sulla  to 
Tunis,  211 ;  joins  conspiracy  of 
Cinna,  222;  proscriptions  of,  223; 
death,  224;  his  tomb  opened  and  his 
ashes  scattered,  232;  his  memory 
restored  to  public  honor,  279 

Marius,  Gaius  (109-82  B.  C.)»  Roman 
general,  nephew  and  adopted  son  of 
the  preceding:  consul,  3,  226;  at 
battle  of  Sacriportus,  227 

Marjorianus,  Julius  Valerius  (5th  cen- 
tury   A.    D.),    Roman    Emperor    of 

'  the  West,  457-475  A.  D.:  reign  of, 
4,  149 

Mark,  Saint  (1st  century  A.  D.),  one 
of  the  twelve  apostles:  his  work  in 
Aquileia,  17,   14 

Mark,  The  City  of  St.:  see  Venice 

Markham,  Sir  Arthur  Hastings  (1841- 
),  English  naval  officer:  explora- 
tions of,  16,  313 

Markham,  William  (17th  century), 
English  colonist:  first  governor  of 
Pennsylvania,    23,    ill 

Marlborough,  New  Zealand:  formed, 
20,  213 

Marlborough,  John  Churchill,  Duke 
of,  an  English  general,  called  The 
Handsome  Englishman:  born  at 
Ashe,  in  Devonshire,  England,  June 
24,  1650;  served  in  the  army  in 
Flanders,  1672-1677;  returned  to 
England    and    married    Sarah    Jen- 


nings; created  Baron  Churchill  of 
Sandridge  by  James  II,  1682;  be- 
came major-general  after  helping  to 
win  the  battle  at  Sedgemoor;  went 
over  to  the  side  of  William  of 
Orange,  and  upon  his  accession  was 
entitled  Earl  of  Marlborough;  com- 
manded the  English  forces  against 
the  French,  1689,  but  on  account  of 
treasonable  conduct,  was  impris- 
oned in  the  Tower;  restored  to  his 
rank,  1696;  was  given  command  of 
the  army  in  Holland,  1701;  upon 
the  accession  of  Anne  became  com- 
mander-in-chief; created  Duke  of 
Marlborough,  1702;  with  Prince  Eu- 
gene, won  the  battles  of  Blenheim, 
Ramillies,  and  Oudenarde;  when  the 
Duchess  of  Marlborough  lost  the 
favor  of  Anne,  he  was  dismissed 
from  office,  171 1;  restored  to  his  po- 
sition by  George  I,  1714;  died,  June 
16,   1722 

Campaign  in  Ireland,  12,  149;  cam- 
paigns in  Flanders,  9,  220,  II,  429, 
451,  13,  249,  18,  312;  influence  on 
Queen  Anne,  II,  453;  relations  with 
Charles  XII  of  Sweden,  16,  218;  de- 
prived of  office,  11,  439 

Marlowe,  Christopher  (1 564-1 593), 
English  dramatist:  his  "Faust" 
quoted,  23,   36 

Marmian  (13th  century  B.  C),  King 
of  Libya:  invades  Egypt,  I,  27 

Marmol,  Jose  (1818-1871),  South 
American  author:  mentioned,  21, 
118 

Marmont,  Auguste  Frederic  Louis 
Viesse  de,  Duke  of  Ragusa:  his 
campaign  in  the  Peninsula,  9,  339; 
accepts  a  command  against  Napo- 
leon, 10,  501;  placed  in  command 
of  Paris,  9,  390 

Marnix,  John  de,  Lord  of  Toulouse 
(16th  century),  Dutch  soldier:  fate 
of,  13,   101 

Marnix,  Philip  de,  Lord  of  St.  Alde- 
goude  (1538-1598),  Dutch  author  and 
statesman:  leads  rebellion  in  the 
Low  Countries,  8,  358;  signs  the 
confederation,  13,  86 


448 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Maroboduus  (ist  century  A.  D.), 
Prince   of  the   Marcomanni:   career 

of,  17,  13 

Maronites,  Syrian  people:  insult  the 
caliph,  1,  329 

Marozia  (10th  century  A.  D.),  Italian 
lady:  her  influence  over  the  Papacy, 
4,  182 

Marprelate  Tracts,  a  series  of  attacks 
on  the  bishops  by  the  Brownists 
beginning    1588:    circulated,    II,   301 

Marquesas  Islands,  Polynesia,  south 
Pacific  Ocean:  annexed  by  France 
(1842),   20,   276 

Marquette,  Jacques,  French  mission- 
ary and  explorer:  born  at  Laon, 
France,  1637;  went  as  a  Jesuit  mis- 
sionary to  Canada,  1666;  founded 
Sault  Ste.  Marie,  1668;  went  in  1669 
from  La  Pointe  du  Saint  Esprit  to 
Mackinaw,  where  he  built  a  chapel, 
1671;  accompanied  Joliet  in  expedi- 
tion down  the  Wisconsin  and  Mis- 
sissippi Rivers,  1673,  and  returned 
via  the  Illinois  River  and  Green 
Bay,  Wisconsin;  opened  a  mission 
at  Kaskaskia,  1675;  died  on  a  jour- 
ney to  Mackinaw,  May  18,  1675,  near 
the  mouth  of  Marquette  River 
Sent  to   explore   America,  23,   51 

Marquez,  General  (late  19th  century), 
Venezuelan  officer  and  statesman: 
elected  vice-president  of  Venezuela, 

21,  102 

Marquez,  Leonardo  (1820-1859),  Mex- 
ican  general:   in   the   Reform  War, 

22,  383 

Marquina,  Felix  Berenguer  de  (late 
18th  century),  Spanish  statesman: 
his  administration  as  viceroy  of  New 
Spain,  22,  227 

Marriage  Laws  and  Customs: 

AFRICA:  French  policy  in  Algeria, 
19,  263 

ARABIA:  among  Mohammedans,  r, 
239,  240 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  among 
Slavs,  17,  27;  in  Croatia,  38;  under 
Joseph  II,  267;  civil  marriage  law 
passed  (1855),  402;  marriages  be- 
tween Jews  and  Christians,  430,  431; 


difficulties  with  Vatican  concerning 
civil  marriage  law,  450 
BABYLON:    status    of    a    married 
woman,  1,  112 

CHINA:  established  by  Fuhsi,  6, 
5;  of  the  Miaotzu,  95;  intermarriage 
with  Turks,  210;  imperial  ceremony, 
229,  256 

EGYPT:  permitted  between  brother 
and  sister,  1,  59 

ENGLAND:  in  the  15th  century, 
11,  215 

FRANCE:  divorce  abolished,  9,  368 
GAUL:  time  of  Roman  conquest,  3, 
297,  9,  5 

GERMANY:  among  ancient  tribes, 
!8,  8,  57;  polygamy  introduced  in 
Munster,  250;  reforms  of  Frederick 
the  Great,  328 

GREECE:  in  Homeric  age,  2,  36; 
in  Sparta,  66;  in  Macedonia,  2,  481, 
3,  150 

ICELAND:  according  to  the  Sagas, 
16,  299 

INDIA:  Aryans,  5,  39,  75;  non- Ar- 
yans, 27,  30,  32,  75;  of  Hinduism, 
85;  suppression  of  widow-burning, 
213;  reform  of,  272 
ISRAEL:  marriage  with  aliens 
forbidden,  1,  403 

JAPAN:  among  the  ancients,  7,  8; 
under  the  Hei-an  Epoch,  45;  under 
the  Edo  government,  130 
MEXICO:   among   the   Aztecs,   22, 
88,  23,  7 

PERSIA:  in  the  early  empire,  1, 
180;  marriage  compulsory,  5,  320 
ROME:  among  the  clans,  3,  11; 
concessions  to  foreigners,  17;  im- 
possible between  patricians  and  ple- 
beians, 35;  legalized  between  patri- 
cian and  plebeian,  47;  frequency  of 
divorce  in  the  2nd  century  B.  C, 
248;  during  time  of  Caesar,  385;  un- 
der  Domitian,  4,  84 
SOUTH  AMERICA:  intermarriage 
of  Spanish  settlers  and  natives,  21, 
46 

SPAIN:  under  the  Romans,  8,  32; 
among  Goths,  55,  57,  59;  decree  of 
1567,  366 


GENERAL    INDEX 


449 


SWEDEN:  marriage  of  the  heir  to 
the  throne,  16,  225 
SWITZERLAND:       mixed       mar- 
riages, 13,  557 

UNITED    STATES:'  among    Indi- 
ans, 23,  12;  Mormonism,  24,  982 
WEST  INDIES:  under  Cuban  Re- 
public, 22,  472 

Marriages,  The  Spanish,  the  marriage 
of  Isabella  of  Spain  and  her  sister 
(1846),  9,  425 

Marroquin,  Jose  Manuel  (19th  cen- 
tury), South  American  statesman: 
his  administration  as  president  of 
Colombia,  21,  245 

Mars,  The  Sword  of:  see  Attila 

Marsaglia,  Italy:  battle  of  (1693),  4 
326 

Marsden,  Samuel  (1 764-1838),  English 
clergyman:   his  work  in   New   Zea 
land,  20,   210 

"  Marseillaise,"  French  patriotic 
hymn:  composed,   10,   167  note 

Marseilles,  France:  founded,  9,  4; 
siege  of  (1524),  9,  139;  see  also 
Massilia 

Marshal,  Richard  (13th  century),  Irish 
chief:  sketch  of,  12,  57 

Marshal,  William  (13th  century),  Irish 
chief:  his  feud  with  Hugh  de  Lacy, 
'  12,  257 

Marshall,    James    Wilson    (19th    cen 
tury),    American    explorer:    discov- 
ers   gold    in    California    (1848),    24, 
595 

Marshall,  John,  an  American  jurist 
and  statesman,  the  expounder  of  the 
constitution:  born  at  Germaritown, 
Va.,  September  24,  1755;  educated 
under  his  father's  direction;  en- 
listed in  the  army,  1775,  and  took 
part  in  the  principal  battles;  re- 
signed his  commission,  1781,  and 
practised  law;  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  of  Delegates, 
1782;  in  the  Convention  of  Virginia 
he  pleaded  for  the  adoption  of  the 
Federal  Constitution,  1788;  was  en- 
voy to  France,  1798;  was  elected  to 
Congress,  1799;  was  appointed  Sec 
retary  of  State  by  President  Adams 


1800;  and  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court,  1801,  which  office  he 
held  with  distinction  for  thirty-four 
years;  died  in  Philadelphia,  July  6, 
1835 

Ornament  to  the  legal  profession, 
23,  138;  graduates  from  College  of 
William  and  Mary,  142;  member  of 
Virginia  ratifying  convention,  337; 
sent  to  Paris  by  Washington,  373; 
announces  Washington's  death  to 
Congress,  380;  chief  justice,  389; 
acquits  Aaron  Burr,  404;  dominates 
over  Supreme  Court,  434;  death,  24, 
658 

Marshall,    John    Hubert     (1876 ), 

English  archaeologist:  appointed  di- 
rector-general of  the  Archaeological 
Survey  of  India,  5,  280 

Marshall  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean:  an- 
nexed  to   Germany,  20,  302 

Marshman  (Ditmarshers),  tribe  of 
Denmark:  origin  of,  16,   138 

Mars-la-Tour,  France:  battle  of 
(1870),  18,  421 

Marston  Moor,  Yorkshire,  England: 
battle  of  (1644),  11,  348,  12,  339 

Marta,  Queen  of  Birger  of  Sweden 
(1290-1319):  plots  to  destroy  the 
princes,  16,  106 

Martens,  Frederick  (17th  century), 
Dutch  explorer:  aids  geographic  sci- 
ence, 16,  305 

Martignac,  Jean  Baptiste  Sylvere  Gaye, 
Viscount  (1776-1832),  French  states- 
man: ministry  of,  9,  387 

Martin  IV  (Simon  de  Brion)  (1210- 
1285),  Pope,  1281-1285:  excommuni- 
cates Pedro  III  of  Aragon,  8,  245; 
supports  Charles  of  Anjou,  9,  85 

Martin  V  (Otto  Colonna)  (d.  1431), 
Pope,  1417-1431:  elected  by  the 
Council  of  Constance,  18,  204;  at- 
tempts to  reestablish  the  authority 
of  the  church  in  Bohemia,  17,  127; 
refuses  to  sanction  the  divorce  of 
Jacqueline  of  Holland,  13,  40;  grants 
discovered  lands  to  Portugal,  8,  304, 
19,  17 

Martin  (d.  1410),  King  of  Aragon: 
reign  of,  8,  258 


450 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Martin,  Saint  (ca.  316-397),  a  saint  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  church  his 
work  in  Gaul,  13,  338 

Martin,  Francois  (d.  1706),  a  French 
governor  in  India:  his  campaigns 
in  India,  5,  170 

Martin,  Luther  (1 744-1826),  an  Amer- 
ican lawyer  and  statesman:  refuses 
to  sign  the  Constitution,  23,  334; 
opposes  the  ratification  of  the  Con- 
stitution by  Maryland,  336;  absent 
from  first   Congress,   343 

Martinez  (late  19th  century),  Vene- 
zuelan general:  refuses  to  acknowl- 
edge Falcon  as  president  of  Vene- 
zuela,  21,  98 

Martinez,  Juan  (16th  century),  Span- 
ish soldier:  his  story  of  Manoa,  21, 
28 

Martini,  Count  Ponza  di  (19th  cen- 
tury), Italian  noble:  ambassador  to 
the  Pope  from  Victor  Emmanuel,  4, 

394 

Martinique,  one  of  the  West  Indies: 
French  policy  concerning,  20,  100; 
taken  by  the  British  (1762),  118; 
(1810),  143;  restored  to  France  by 
Treaty  of  Paris,  23,  198 

Martinitz,  Jaroslav  of,  Burggrave  of 
Karlstein  (17th  century),  Austrian 
statesman:  accused  of  inciting  the 
Emperor  Mathias  against  the  Prot- 
estants, 17,  201 

Martins,  Domingo  Jose  (early  19th 
century),  Brazilian  revolutionist:  in 
the  rebellion  of  Pernambuco,  21, 
164 

Martinuzzi,  Friar  (late  16th  century), 
Polish  revolutionist:  attempts  to 
turn  Hungary  against  Austria,  17, 
217;  influence  of,  218 

Martius,  Lucius  (3rd  century  B.  C), 
Roman  general:  his  campaign 
against   Carthaginians,  8,    17 

Martyr,  The  Republican:  see  Marat, 
Jean  Paul 

Martyr  City,  The:   see  Moscow 

Martyr  King,  The:  see  Henry  VI, 
King  of  England;  also  Charles  I, 
King  of  England;  also  Louis  XVI, 
King  of  France 

Marubashi     Chuya      (17th     century), 


Chinese  officer:  attempts  to  revolt, 
7,  140 

Marx,  Karl  (1818-1883),  German  so- 
cialist: influence  of,   18,  438 

Mary  I  (Mary  Tudor)  (1516-1558), 
Queen  of  England,  1553-1558:  be- 
trothed to  Dauphin,  11,  242;  mar- 
ries Philip  II  of  Spain,  8,  351,  13, 
59,  67;  reign  of,  11,  269;  condition 
of  Ireland  under,  12,  85;  her  rela- 
tions with  the  English  church,  311; 
death  of,  8,  356 

Mary  II  (1662-1694),  Queen  of  Eng- 
land, 1689-1694:  marries  William  of 
Orange,  11,  404,  13,  241;  accession 
of,  11,  431,  12,  132,  351,  13,  244; 
reign  of,  11,  435;  death  of,  442 

Mary  (King  Mary)  (late  14th  cen- 
tury), Queen  of  Hungary:  marries 
Sigismund  of  Luxemburg,  17,  153; 
accession  of,  154 

Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  called  The 
White  Queen:  born  in  Linlithgow 
Palace,  December  7,  1542;  crowned 
queen  at  Stirling  Castle,  1543;  mar- 
ried to  the  Dauphin,  afterwards 
Francis  II  of  France,  1558,  who 
died,  1560;  landed  at  Leith,  1561; 
married  Lord  Darnley,  1565,  who 
brought  about  the  murder  of  her 
favorite,  Rizzio,  and  thus  became 
estranged  from  her;  she  connived 
at  the  murder  of  Darnley,  1567,  and 
married  the  murderer,  Bothwell, 
1567;  was  imprisoned  by  the  lords 
in  Lochleven  Castle  and  forced  to 
abdicate,  1567;  escaped  and  was  de- 
feated at  the  battle  of  Langside, 
1568;  fled  to  England,  where  Eliza- 
beth imprisoned  her;  she  was  tried 
on  the  charge  of  conspiracy  against 
Elizabeth,  and  was  beheaded,  Feb- 
ruary 8,  1587 

Claims  throne  of  England,  11, 
278;  returns  to  Scotland,  279;  reign 
of,  12,  305;  abdication  of,  318; 
prisoner  in  England,  II,  283,  12, 
319;  death  of,  9,  162,  11,  294,  12, 
326 

Mary  (1505-1558),  daughter  of  Philip 
the  Handsome:  affianced  to  Louis 
II  of  Hungary,  17,  167,  175;  marries 


GENERAL    INDEX 


451 


Louis  II  of  Hungary,  176;  regent  of 
the  Netherlands,  13,  57 

Mary  of  Burgundy  (1457-1482),  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  the  Bold:  sketch  of, 
9,  125,  18,  216,  218;  betrothed  to 
Maximilian,  13,  46;  accession  of, 
48;   marries   Maximilian,  49,  409 

Mary  of  France  (ca.  1496-1533), 
daughter  of  Henry  VII  of  Eng- 
land: marries  Louis  XII  of  France, 
9,  135,  11,  237;  marries  Charles 
Brandon,  237 

Mary  of  Lorraine  or  of  Guise  (1515- 
1560),  mother  of  Mary  Queen  of 
Scots,  regent  of  Scotland:  made 
guardian  for  Mary  Queen  of  Scots, 
12,  305;  regent  of  Scotland,  11,  278, 
12,  307 

Mary  of  Modena  (1658-1718),  Queen 
of  James  II  of  England,  called  The 
Queen  of  Tears:  marriage  of,  II, 
400 

Mary:   see  also   Maria  and   Marie 

Marye's  Heights,  Virginia:  occupied 
by   Lee   at   Fredericksburg,   24,   769 

Maryland,  a  state  of  the  United 
States:  founded,  23,  68;  first  repre- 
sentative assembly  introduced 
(1647),  120;  Catholics  denied  fran- 
chise,   148;    Church  of   England  es- 

'  tablished,  149;  ratifies  Articles  of 
Confederation,  302;  insists  on  the 
ceding  of  Northwest  Territory,  317; 
commissioners  appointed  to  decide 
Potomac  commercial  policy,  321; 
Annapolis  convention,  322;  choses 
delegates  for  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, 323;  ratifies  the  Constitu- 
tion, 336;  opposes  financial  plans  of 
Hamilton,  350;  rank  as  to  popula- 
tion, 479;  abolition  societies  formed, 
24,  571;  state  elections  of  1855,  646; 
Presidential  election  of  1856,  656; 
Sixth  Massachusetts  attacked  by 
mob  in  Baltimore,  715;  excitement 
over  transportation  of  troops 
through,  716;  Confederates  attempt 
to  win  adhesion  of,  721;  trouble  over 
suspension  of  writ  of  habeas  corpus, 
739;  Lee's  army  enters,  764;  alarm 
over  Lee's  invasion  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, 779;  Sheridan  saves  from  inva- 


sion, 792;  Presidential  election  of 
1896,  1018;  Presidential  election  of 
1900,  1040;  Presidential  election  of 
1904,  1072;  condition  of  the  Jews,  1, 
425 

Masada,  Palestine,  Asia  Minor:  siege 
of,  1,  412 

Masakado,  Tairo-no :  see  Taira-no  Ma- 
sakado 

Masampo,  port  of  Korea:  Russia  at- 
tempts to  obtain  lease  of,  6,  311 

Masaniello  (Thomas  Aniello  of  Am- 
alfi)  ( 1 622-1647),  Italian  insurrec- 
tionist, called  The  Seven  Days' 
King:  leads  insurrection  in  Naples, 
4,  324 

Mascarenhas,  Pedro  (early  16th  cen- 
tury), Portuguese  navigator:  vice- 
roy of  the  Indies,  8,  434 

Maserfield,  England:  battle  of  (642  A. 
D.),  11,  35 

Masham,  Thomas  (16th  century), 
English  explorer:  his  expedition  to 
South  America,  21,  31 

Mashashare  (12th  century  B.  C),  Li- 
byan chief:  defeated  by  the  Egyp- 
tians, 1,  28 

Mashonaland,  Africa:  description  of, 
19,  227;  uprising  in  (1896),  243 

Masistus  (5th  century  B.  C),  com- 
mander of  the  Persian  cavalry: 
death,  2,  209 

Mason,  George  (1725-1792),  American 
statesman:  draws  up  bill  of  rights 
for  Constitution  of  Virginia,  23,  239, 
24,  564;  refuses  to  sign  the  Consti- 
tution, 23,  334;  member  of  Virginia 
ratification  committee,  336;  quoted 
on  slavery  in  Virginia,  24,  564 

Mason,  James  Murray  (1798-1871), 
American  statesman:  appointed 
Confederate  representative  at  Lon- 
don, 24,  728 

Mason,  John  (1586-1635),  the  founder 
of  New  Hampshire:  deieats  Pe- 
quots,  23,  93;  receives  grant  with 
Gorges,  95;  claims  of  heirs,  95 

Mason,  John  Young  (1799-1859), 
American  statesman:  reads  Cal- 
houn's last  speech,  24,  603;  quoted 
on  value  of  escaped  slaves,  618;  min- 
ister to  France,  625;  Ostend  Mani- 


452 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


festo,  628;  chairman  of  Senate  Com- 
mittee to  investigate  John  Brown's 
raid,  675 

Mason,  Richard  B.  (d.  1850),  Amer- 
ican soldier  and  statesman:  in  the 
Mexican  War,  22,  348 

Mason  and  Dixon's  Line,  boundary 
line  between  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland:  ends  boundary  dispute,  23, 
no 

Mason  and  Slidell  Incident,  a  diplo- 
matic dispute  between  England  and 
the  Unites  States:  account  of,  11, 
622,  24,  728 

Masonic  Order:  and  the  William  Mor- 
gan charge,  23,  498 

Massachusetts,  a  state  of  the  United 
States:  means  "Blue  Hills"  and  is 
called  Old  Bay  State:  settled  by 
the  Northmen,  21,  3;  Indians  be- 
long to  Algonquian  stock,  23,  8 
Gosnold  explores  the  coast,  54 
first  settlement  at  Plymouth,  84 
second  settlement  at  Massachusetts 
Bay,  86;  under  council  for  New 
England,  87;  Charles  I  charters,  87; 
charter  transferred  to  New  Eng- 
land, 87;  "Salem  Witchcraft,"  91; 
aids  Connecticut  settlement,  91;  ab- 
sorbs New  Hampshire,  95;  absorbs 
Maine,  96;  New  England  Confed- 
eration, 96;  status  of,  in  New  Eng- 
land Confederation,  97;  boundary 
enlarged,  101;  end  of  confusion  of 
civil  and  religious  rights  in,  101; 
charter  changed  (1691),  115;  powers 
of  the  General  Court,  118;  first 
representative  assembly  introduced 
(1634),  120;  Franklin  acts  as  agent 
to  England,  122;  early  anti-slavery 
agitation,  130;  Scotch-Irish  manu- 
facture linens,  134;  fishery  industry, 
134;  evades  Sugar  Act,  135;  rum 
trade  (1750),  135;  Harvard  College 
and  public  schools  established,  140; 
religious  intoleration  in,  147;  Con- 
gregational Church  supported  by 
taxation,  148;  suffrage  laws,  as  a 
colony,  148;  establishes  a  postal 
system,  152;  dress  regulated  by  law, 
154;  blasphemy  made  a  capital  of- 
fense,   156;    in    Colonial    Congress, 


158;  equips  Louisburg  expedition, 
164;  passes  resolutions  setting  forth 
rights  of  the  colonists,  216;  Boston 
Massacre,  217;  Boston  Tea  Party, 
219;  English  Parliament  passes  the 
five  "  intolerable "  acts,  220;  ap- 
points place  of  meeting  for  first 
Continental  Congress,  222;  Regulat- 
ing Act  impossible  of  enforcement, 
226;  adopts  a  constitution  of  gov- 
ernment, 238;  suffers  from  paper 
currency  craze,  315;  cedes  North- 
west Territory,  317;  appoints  dele- 
gates for  Annapolis  convention,  322; 
choses  delegates  for  Constitutional 
Convention,  323;  ratifies  the  Con- 
stitution, 336;  favors  financial  plans 
of  Hamilton,  350;  attitude  toward 
War  of  1812,  430;  volunteer  service 
in  War  of  1812,  431;  Hartford  Con- 
vention, 431;  approves  resolutions 
of  Hartford  convention,  433;  pro- 
tection question,  472;  supports  Web- 
ster for  Presidency,  510;  Presiden- 
tial election  of  1848,  24,  559;  abo- 
lition of  slavery,  563;  failure  of  Fu- 
gitive Slave  Law,  616;  Presidential 
election  of  1854,  645;  state  election 
of  1855,  646;  Emigrant-Aid  Society 
organized,  647;  Sixth  Massachusetts 
attacked  by  mob  in  Baltimore,  715; 
Eighth  Massachusetts  Regiment 
garrisons  Washington,  730;  Boston 
fire  (1872),  902;  Presidential  election 
of  1904,  1072 

Massacre,  The  Apostle  of:  see  Marat, 
Jean  Paul 

Massacre    of    September    2,    The,    in 
French  history,  10,  207 

Massacres: 
B.  C. 

548.     Jerusalem,  1,  400 
521.     In   Persia,    1,   163 
431.     Thebans,  2,  278 
427.     Mitylenaeans,    2,    294 
416.     Melos,  2,  327 
408.     In   Sicily,  2,  409 
370.     Sparta,  2,  439 
332.     Tyre,   1,  126,  2,  494 
330.     Persepolis,   2,   498 
95.     Asculum,  3,  206 
88.     Italians  at   Ephesus,  3,  216 


GENERAL    INDEX 


45S 


Massacres,  cont.: 
86.     Celtic  chiefs  in  Asia,  3,  219 
82.     Praeneste,    3,   228 
53.     Genabum,  9,   10 
A.  D. 

31.     Adherents  of  Sejanus,  4,  52 
64.     Christians  under  Nero,  4,  65 
165.     Christians  under   Marcus   Au- 

relius,  4,  97 
211.     In  Egypt,  4,  102 
295.     Christians     under     Diocletian, 

4,  116 
451.     Cologne,  4,  148 
ca.    6j2>-     Christians    in    Arabia,    1, 

276 
711.     Zeres,  8,  56 
782.     At  Verden,  18,  82 
930.     Mohammedans    at    Mecca,    I, 

362 
1002.     Danes  in  England,  II,  58 
1083.     Rome,   18,   136 
1096.     Jews  at  Paris,   1,  419 
1 145.     Odessa,  9,  73 
1 170.     Aleppo,  1,  369 
1208.     Beziers,  9,  78 
1213.     Albigenses,  9,  78 
1256.     Bagdad,  5,  335 
1261.     Christians    at   Antioch,   9,   84 

1264.  Jews  in   England,   1,  420 

1265.  Rajputs  of  Mewat,  5,  98 
12S2.     Sicilian    Vespers,   4,   257,    18, 

170 
1315.     Ardee,  12,  59 
1350.     Zurich,  13,  376 
!357-     The  Jacquerie,  II,   165 
1382.     Soleure,   13,  379 
1405.     Smyrna,  13,  51 
1418.     Armagnac   and   his   partisans 

at  Paris,  9,  112,  11,  199 
1446.     Alfarrobeira,  8,  314 
1456.     Euboea,  14,  85 
1467.     Dinaut,   13,  42 
1480.     Otranto,    14,  86 
1512.     Shiahs   in   Turkey,   5,  341 
1517.     Cairo,    14,   131 
1517.     Mameluke   prisoners,   14,   133 
1527.     Rome,   9,    140 
T533-     Q«ito,   21,  21 
IS3S-     Portuguese    at    Foochow,    6, 

33 
1546.     Waldenses,  9,  144 
1554.     Bordeaux,  9,  145 


1564.  Huguenots  in  Florida,  20,  82, 

33,  47 

1566.  Osterweel,  13,  102 

1567.  Valenciennes,  13,  105 

1568.  Jubiles,  8,  369 

1572.  St.    Bartholomew,    9,    158 

1573-  Antrim,    12,   92 

1600.  Chinese  in  Philippine  Islands, 
6,  38 

1622.  Virginia  colonists,  23,  62 

1623.  Amboyna,  5,  163,  13,  221,  20, 
121 

1645.  Yangchow,  6,  56 

1649.  Drogheda,  II,  363,  12,  124 

1663.  Confucianists  at  Chiengtu,  6, 

60 

1663.  Chinese  maidens,  6,  61 

1665.  The   Caboquenas,  21,  38 

1690.  Schenectady,  23,  158 

1691.  Uraghree,  12,   152 

1692.  Glencoe,   11,  437,   12,  354 
171 1.  Negroes  in  New  York  City, 

23,  132 

1738.  Delhi,   s,  353 

1757.  Muttra,  5,  127 

1757.  Fort  Edward,  23,  186 

1763.  Mackinaw,  23,  200 

1767.  San   Gaban,  21,   51 

1770.  Boston,   11,  515,  23,  217 

1778.  Wyoming  Valley,  23,  296 

1779.  Cherry   Valley,   23,   297 
1792.  The  inhabitants  of  the  Tuiler- 

ies,  Paris,  10,  196 

1792.  September        Massacres        in 
Paris,  8,  482,   10,  207,  208 

1793.  Lyons,  10,  278 
1793-  Girondists,  10,  279 

1794.  Kirman,    5,    356 
1794.  Toulouse,  10,  278 
1794.  Caen,  10,  278 
1794.  Marseilles,  10,  278 
1794.  Bordeaux,  10,  278 
1794.  Dantonists,  10,  295 

1798.  Wexford,  12,  213 

1799.  Turks  at  Jaffa,  14,  382 
1804.  Hayti,  22,  493 

181 1.  Mamelukes,  1,  38,  14,  409 

1813.  At  River  Raisin,  23,  424 

1815.  French    troops    in    Spain,    8, 
487 

1816.  Settlers    in    the     Red     River 
country,  Canada,  20,  169 


454 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Massacres,  cont.: 

1819.  Manchester      Massacre,      II, 
572 

1820.  Neapolitans  in  Sicily,  4,  353 

1820.  Mulatto  women  in  Hayti,  22, 

495 

1821.  Turkish  merchants  at  Galatz, 
14,  416 

1821.  Turks  at  Jassy,  14,  416 

1847.  Arroyo  Hondo,  22,  305 

1847.  Mora,  22,  305 

1847.  Rio  Colorado,  22,  305 

1847.  Laos,  22,  305 

1855.  Yunnan,  6,  211 

1857.  Christians  in  India,  5,  235 

i860.  Christians     at     Djedda,     14, 

46S 
i860.     Christians   at   Damascus,   14, 

466 
1867.     Mohammedans  at  Tali  Fu,  6, 

215 

1869.  Havana,  20,  327 

1870.  Tientsin,  6,  223 
1876.  In  Bulgaria,  14,  476 
1876.  Batak,  14,  477 

1876.     Panagurishta,  14,  477 

1881.     Geok  Tepe,  5,  367 

1895.     Armenians,  14,  499,  500 

1897.     Christians  in  Candia,  14,  503 

1900.     Peking,  6,  304 

1900.     Blagovestchensk,  16,  309 

1900.     Russians   at   An-tung,   7,  284 

1903.     Kishinev,  15,  358 
Massagetae,  Asiatic  tribe:  slay  Cyrus, 

2,  127 
Massasoit    (ca.    1580-1661),    American 

Indian:    treaty    with    Pilgrims,    23, 

85 
Massena,  Andre  (1758-1817),  French 
marshal,  called  the  Child  of  For- 
tune and  the  Famed  Child  of  Vic- 
tory: his  campaign  in  Spanish  pen- 
insula, 8,  530,  11,  564;  his  campaign 
against  the  allied  forces,  9,  293,  18, 
359.  362;  his  campaigns  under  the 
Directory,  9,  298;  his  campaign  in 
Switzerland,  9,  308,  10,  407,  13,  516; 
made  marshal  of  the  empire,  9, 
322;  his  campaign  in  Italy,  17,  282; 
defeated  by  the  Archduke  Charles, 
293;  at  the  battle  of  Aspern,  298 


Massey  (17th  century),  English  Ro- 
man Catholic  scholar:  appointed  to 
the    Deanery    of    Christchurch,    11, 

424 

Massey,  William  Nathaniel  (1809- 
1881),  English  statesman  and  his- 
torian: sketch  of,  5,  247 

Massilia,  France:  founded,  2,  85,  3,  28; 
Phocaean  colony,  2,  125;  its  influ- 
ence on  civilization  of  Gaul,  3,  293; 
surrenders  to  Caesar,  341;  see  also 
Marseilles 

Massillon,  Ohio:  Coxey's  army  form- 
ed at,  24,  1004 

Massinissa  (ca.  238  B.  C.-148  B.  C), 
King  of  Numidia:  joins  Rome,  3, 
129;  sketch  of,  134;  appeals  to  Rome 
to  arbitrate  between  him  and  Car- 
thage, 163;  death,  164 

Massiva  (ca.  no  B.  C),  Numidian 
prince:  claims  throne,  3,  189 

Master,  Sir  Streynsham  (17th  cen- 
tury), British  statesman:  governor 
of  Bengal,  5,  166 

Masts,  The  City  of:  see  London,  Eng- 
land 

Masuda  Nagamori  (ca.  1600),  Japa- 
nese soldier:  his  campaign  against 
Korea,  7,  116 

Masuda  Shird  (ca.  1600),  Japanese 
revolutionist:  leads  rebellion,  7, 
137  § 

Masulipatam,  British  India:  taken  by 
the   English   (1761),  20,   120 

Mataafa  (ca.  1890),  Samoan  chief: 
contends  for  throne,  24,  977 

Matabeleland,  South  Africa:  sketch 
of,  19,  216,  227;  declared  to  be  with- 
in the  British  sphere,  20,  230 

Matabeles,  African  tribe:  rebellion  of, 
19,  243 

Matamoras,  Mexico:  Mexican  troops 
mobilized  at,  24,  546;  battle  near 
(1845),  546;  under  military  rule, 
548 

Matches:  trade  in,  made  a  state  mo- 
nopoly in  Switzerland,  13,  580 

Matejko,  Jan  (1838-1893),  Polish  his- 
torical painter:  sketch  of,  17,  415 

Matgenos  (Metenna)  II  (ca.  730  B. 
C),  King  of  Tyre:  reign  of,  1,  124 


GENERAL    INDEX 


455 


Mathematics:  among  the  Babylonians 
and  Assyrians,  I,  no;  among  the 
Saracens,  347 

Mather,  Cotton  (1663-1728),  American 
author  and  divine:  .sketch  of,  23, 
139,  142;  quoted  on  tolerance  of 
Rhode  Island,  147 

Mather,  Increase  (1639-1723),  Presi- 
dent Harvard  College:  sent  to  Eng- 
land, 23,   100;  notable  divine,   139 

Mathew,  Theobald  (ca.  1840),  Irish 
Catholic  priest:  leads  temperance 
movement  in  Ireland,  12,  225 

Mathews  (ca.  1880),  English  naval 
officer:  in  the  service  of  the  sultan 
of  Zanzibar,  19,  132 

Mathews,  Stanley  (ca.  1870),  American 
politician:  joins  liberal  movement, 
24,  890;  supports  Hayes,  915;  mem- 
ber of  the  Senate,  916 

Mathias  (Matthias)  (1557-1619),  Holy 
Roman  Emperor,  1612-1619:  made 
governor  of  the  Netherlands,  13, 
128;.  made  governor  of  Austria,  Mo- 
ravia, and  Hungary,  17,  180;  reign 
of,  as  emperor,  181,  267;  his  reign,  as 
king  of  Bohemia,  200;  reign  of,  as 
king  of  Hungary,  224 

Mathias  Corvinus  (Hunyady)  (1443- 
1490),  King  of  Hungary,  1458-1490: 
■  at  war  with  Bohemia,  17,  146;  elect- 
ed king,  17,  161,  18,  215,  219; 
crowned  king  of  Bohemia,  17,  163; 
estimate  of,  164 

Mathias  of  Janov  (d.  1394),  German 
priest:  teaching  of,  17,   119 

Mathilda  (ca.  1066),  Queen  of  Eng- 
land and  wife  of  William  the  Con- 
queror: embroiders  the  Bayeux 
Tapestry,   13,   25 

Mathilde  (ca.  1000),  aunt  of  Otto  III 
of  Germany:  regent  of  Germany, 
18,  120 

Matilda,  Empress  of  Germany  and 
Queen  of  England,  called  Domina 
Anglorum:  born  about  1102;  was 
the  daughter  of  Henry  I  of  Eng- 
land; was  married  to  Henry  V  of 
Germany,  n  10,  who  died,  1125;  be- 
came the  wife  of  Geoffrey  Plantag- 
enet,  Count  of  Anjou,  1127;  was 
acknowledged  as  his  heir  by  Henry 


I,  upon  whose  death  her  claim  was 
disputed  by  Stephen  of  Blois,  1135, 
and  a  long  civil  war  was  the  result; 
she  vindicated  her  right  and  was 
crowned  in  London,  1141;  died,  1167 
Marries  Henry  V  of  Germany,  18, 
140;  barons  swear  to  accept  her  as 
their  future  sovereign,  11,  93;  ac- 
knowledged as  queen,  95;  leaves 
England,  95 

Matilda,  Queen  of  England:  see  Ma- 
thilda 

Matilda  (1080-1118),  Queen  of  Henry 
I  of  England:  marriage  of,  12,  261; 
called  the  good  queen,  11,  88 

Matilda  (d.  1262),  wife  of  Alfonso  III 
of  Portugal:  abandoned  by  her  hus- 
band, 8,  281 

Matilda  (ca.  1046-1115),  Countess  of 
Tuscany:  befriends  the  Pope,  18, 
135;  acknowledges  the  emperor, 
140;  wills  her  property  to  the  Pa- 
pacy, 4,  197;  death  of,  141 

Matius,  Gaius  (ca.  90-40  B.  C),  Ro- 
man knight  and  Epicurean  philoso- 
pher: attachment  to   Caesar,  3,  362 

Matsudaira  Katamori  (ca.  1840),  Japa- 
nese lord:  rebellion  of,  7,  170 

Matsudaira  Nobutsuma  (17th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  chief:  crushes  rebel- 
lion of  Shimabara,  7,  138;  makes 
improvements  in  Edo,  148 

Matsudaira  Sadanobu  (18th  century), 
Japanese  statesman:  encourages 
martial  exercises,  7,  147;  policy  of, 

149 

Matsukata,     Count     M.     (1835 ), 

Japanese  statesman:  made  premier, 
7,  217 

Matsumaye  Nobuhiro  (ca.  1600),  Japa- 
nese statesman:  recognized  as  lord 
of  Ezo,  7,  113 

Mattathias  (d.  166  B.  C),  Jewish 
priest:  leads  rebellion  against  Syria, 
1,  405 

Matthews,  Thomas  (1681-1751),  Brit- 
ish naval  officer:  at  battle  of  Tou- 
lon, 9,  238;  his  campaign  in  India, 

259 
Matthiae,  Johan  (1592-1670),  Swedish 

prelate:   educates  Christina,  16,  204 
Matthias:  see  Mathias 


456 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Matto  Grosso,  Brazil:  foreign  element 
in,  31,  251 

Matveov  Artemon  (17th  century), 
Russian  statesman:  in  the  outbreak 
of  the  strelitz,  15,  26 

Matzukura  Shigemasa  (17th  century), 
Japanese  statesman:  made  feudal 
chief  of  Shimabara,  7,  137 

Maubeuge,  France:  siege  of  (i793)> 
9,  287 

Mauclerc,  Pierre  (early  13th  cen- 
tury), Duke  of  Brittany:  becomes 
duke,  9,  79 

Maugin,  Frangois  (1785-1854),  French 
jurist:  his  relation  to  the  revolution 
of  1830,  9,  391 

Maumee  River,  Ohio:  Wayne's  vic- 
tory on  (1794),  23,  366 

Maumont,  General  (17th  century), 
French  general:  at  siege  of  Derry, 
12,  135 

Maund,  E.  R.  (19th  century),  English 
diplomat:  influences  Lobengula,  19, 
222 

Maupas  (19th  century),  French  pre- 
fect of  police:  assists  schemes  of 
Napoleon  III,  9,  442 

Maupas,  Sir  John  (14th  century), 
Anglo-Irish  knight:  slays  Edward 
Bruce,  12,  61 

Maupeou,  Rene  Nicolas  Charles 
(1714-1792),  French  statesman:  re- 
forms of,  9,  249;  vice-chancellor,  10, 
12 

Maura  (ca.  1000),  Spanish  statesman: 
administration  of,  8,  521 

Mauregato  the  Usurper  (d.  788),  King 
of  Asturias  and  Leon:  reign  of,  8, 
132 

Maurepas,  Jean  Frederic  Phillippe, 
Count  of  (1701-1781),  French  poli- 
tician: made  prime  minister,  9, 
253;  death  of,  257,  10,  30;  influence 
of,  26 

Maurice  (1521-1553),  Duke  of  Saxony: 
given  electorate  of  Saxony,  9,  145, 
18,  255;  conspiracy  of,  257;  victories 
of,  13,  59;  death  of,  18,  258 

Maurice  (18th  century),  Prince  of 
Dessau:  at  the  battle  of  Hochflirch, 
18,  339 


Maurice  (1567-1625),  Prince  of 
Orange  and  Count  of  Nassau:  as- 
sumes leadership  of  Dutch  Protes- 
tants, 8,  362;  made  stadtholder,  13, 
146;  successes  of,  160;  sketch  of, 
192;  joins  the  Gomarists,  194;  be- 
comes Prince  of  Orange,  198;  death 
of,  207 

Maurice  (17th  century),  Landgrave  of 
Hesse:  compelled  to  abdicate,  18, 
276 

Maurice,  Saint  (d.  ca.  286),  a  Chris- 
tian martyr:  death  of,  13,  334 

Maurice  of  Nassau,  Count  (1604- 
1679),  a  Dutch  general  and  adminis- 
trator: his  campaign  against  the 
Portuguese,  8,  460 

Maurice  of  Saxony:  see  Saxe,  Count 
Maurice  of 

Maurier,  Du  (17th  century),  French 
diplomat:  ambassador  to  the  Dutch 
Republic,  13,  198 

Mauritius,  Island  of,  Indian  Ocean: 
occupied  by  the  English,  5,  205; 
sketch  of,  19,  213;  French  policy 
concerning,  20,  100;  obtained  by 
France,  115;  history  of,  263 

Mauritz:  see  Maurice 

Maury,  Jean  Siffrein  (1746-1817), 
French  cardinal  and  politician: 
elected  member  of  the  States-Gen- 
eral, 10,  39;  sketch  of,  79;  his  opin- 
ion on  the  renewal  of  the  assem- 
bly, 114 

Mausolus  (d.  ca.  350  B.  C),  King  of 
Caria,    Asia    Minor:    takes    Rhodes, 

3,  455 

Mavrocordato,  Alexander  (ca.  1636- 
1709),  Greek  diplomat:  at  Peace  of 
Carlowitz,  14,  269 

Mavrokordatos,  Alexander  (1791- 
1865),  Greek  general:  declares  inde- 
pendence and  sets  up  constitutional 
government,  2,  544 

Max  Emanuel  (17th  century),  Elector 
of  Bavaria:  campaigns  of,  18,  303, 
312 

Max  Joseph  (18th  century),  Elector 
of  Bavaria:  renounces  claim  to  the 
throne,  18,  330;  death  of,  348 

Maxentius,  Marcus  Aurelius  Valerius, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


457 


Roman  Emperor,  306-312:  given  ti- 
tle of  Augustus  by  the  Senate,  4, 
117;  death,  118 

Maximian:  see  Maximus,  Magnus 
Clemens 

Maximianus  Hercules,  Roman  Em- 
peror, 286-305;  made  colleague  of 
the  Emperor  Diocletian,  4,  113 

Maximilian  I  (1459-1519),  Holy  Ro- 
man Emperor,  1493-1519.  called  The 
Pennyless:  betrothed  to  Mary  of 
Burgundy,  13,  46;  marries  Mary  of 
Burgundy,  13,  49,  409,  18,  218;  at 
war  with  Charles  VIII  of  France, 
9,  127;  accession  of,  to  imperial 
throne,  13,  51,  18,  219;  reign  of,  17, 
173,  18,  225;  negotiates  for  marriage 
with  Anne  of  Brittany,  II,  225; 
joins  the  Holy  League,  236;  joins 
league  for  peace,  237;  condition  of 
Switzerland  under,  13,  417;  death  of, 
II,  240 

Maximilian  II  (1527-1576),  Holy  Ro- 
man Emperor,  1564-1576:  account 
of,  14,  175,  191;  reign  of,  as  em- 
peror, 17,  179,  18,  262;  reign  of,  as 
King  of  Bohemia,  17,  197;  reign  of, 
as  King  of  Hungary,  219;  condemns 
the  executions  of  Egmont  and  Horn, 
13,  108;  candidate  for  crown  of  Po- 
land, 17,  220 

Maximilian  I  (1 756-1 825),  King  of 
Bavaria,  1806-1825:  his  daughter 
marries  Eugene  Beauharnais,  18, 
371;  joins  the  allies,  385 

Maximilian  (Ferdinand  Maximilian 
Joseph)  (1832-1867),  Emperor  of 
Mexico:  accession  of,  9,  453,  24, 
876;  reign  of,  22,  388;  death  of,  9, 
455,  17,  393,  22,  397,  24,  877 

Maximilian  I  (1573-1651),  Duke  of 
Bavaria:  at  war  with  Mohammed 
III  of  Turkey,  14,  205,  206;  perse- 
cutes the  Protestants,  18,  265,  270; 
campaigns  of,  272 

Maximilian  (18th  century),  Prince  of 
Wurtemberg:  with  Charles  XII  of 
Sweden,  16,  215 

Maximilian  Joseph  I  (1727-1779), 
Elector  of  Bavaria:  death  of,  17, 
250 

Maximin:  see  Maximinus 


Maximinus,  Caius  Julius  Verus,  Ro- 
man Emperor,  235-238;  becomes  em- 
peror, 4,  106;  death,  108 

Maximum,  Law  of  the,  in  the  French 
Revolution,  a  law  regulating  the 
price  of  food-stuffs   (1793),   10,  271 

Maximus:  see  Petronius  Maximus 

Maximus  (1st  century  A.  D.),  friend 
of  Ovid:  death,  4,  44 

Maximus,  Gnaeus  Mallius,  Roman 
consul,  105  B.  C:  at  battle  of 
Arausio,  3,   193 

Maximus,  Magnus  Clemens,  Emperor 
of  Rome,  383-388;  usurps  throne 
of  the  Western  Empire,  4,  134; 
proclaimed  emperor,  11,  16;  his 
campaign  against  the  Salic  Franks, 
9,  15 

Maximus:  see  Maximinus 

May,  Cornelius  (early  17th  century), 
Dutch  colonist:  first  governor  of 
Dutch,  23,   102 

May,  Samuel  J.  (ca.  1830),  American 
slavery  abolitionist:  member  of 
American  Anti-Slavery  Society,  24, 
5745  heads  negro  rescue  at  Syra- 
cuse, 616 

May  Laws,  The,  laws  passed  by  Bis- 
marck to  limit  the  disciplinary  pow- 
er of  the  Church  over  its  members 
(1873),  18,  441 

Mayanderan,  Persia:  ceded  to  Russia 
(1722),  15,  79 

Mayas,  American  Indians,  Mexico: 
mentioned,  23,  6 

Mayeda  Toshuye  (ca.  1600),  Japanese 
statesman:  member  of  council  of 
state,  7,  114;  appointed  guardian  for 
Tayotomi  Hideyori,  121 

Mayence,  Germany:  founded,  18,  15; 
a  member  of  the  Union  of  Rhenish 
Cities,  18,  174;  Prussian  siege  of 
(1793),  9,  285,  10,  271,  18,  357; 
French  siege  of  (1793),  18,  356 

Mayenne,  Charles  de  Loraine,  Duke 
of  (1554-1611),  French  soldier:  his 
campaign  against  the  Protestants 
(1577),  9,  160;  proclaimed  lieutenant- 
general  of  the  kingdom,  9,  164; 
submits  to  Henry  IV  of  France, 
170,  181 

Mayenne,  Henry  of  Loraine,  Duke  of 


458 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


(1578-1621),   French   soldier:   revolt 
of,  9,  178;  death  of,  181 

"Mayflower,"  British  vessel:  brings 
Pilgrims  from  Southampton,  23,  84 

Mayne,  Cuthbert  (16th  century), 
Catholic  missionary:  death  of,  11, 
291 

Maynooth,  Ireland:  siege  of  (i535)> 
12,  80 

Maynooth,  College  of,  Ireland:  found- 
ed, 12,  204 

Mayo,  Richard  Southwell  Bourke, 
Earl  of  (1822-1872),  English  states- 
man: his  governor-generalship  of 
India,  5,  248 

Mayo  College,   India:   opened,   5,  249 

Mayorga,  Martin  de  (ca.  1780),  Mexi- 
can statesman:  his  administration 
as  viceroy  of  New  Spain,  22,  211 

Mayotte,  Island  of,  east  of  Africa: 
taken  by  the  French,  19,  56,  20, 
278;  sketch  of,  19,  213;  placed  un- 
der the  governor  of  Madagascar, 
20,  279 

Maypo,  Chili:  battle  of  (1878),  21,  72 

Maysville  Road,  Kentucky:  national 
pike  vetoed  by  Jackson,  23,  488 

Mazarin  (Mazarini),  Jules  Giulio 
(1602-1661),  French  cardinal  and 
statesman:  favors  war  with  Philip 
IV  of  Spain,  8,  378;  made  prime 
minister,  9,  199,  13,  214;  banished 
203;  returns  to  France,  204;  dis-^ 
missed  by  Anne  of  Austria,  205;  re 
called  to  Paris,  206;  death  of,  207 

Mazeppa,  Ivan  (1644-1709),  Polish  ad 
venturer:  career  of,  15,  47;  death  of, 
54;  his  alliance  with  Charles  XII 
of  Sweden,  16,  219 

Mazovians,  Polish  tribe:  location  of, 
15,  372 

Mazzini,  Guiseppe,  an  Italian  patriot 
and  writer:  born  at  Genoa,  June  28, 
1808;  was  graduated  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Genoa,  1826;  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Carbonari;  was  arrested 
by  the  authorities  on  the  charge  of 
conspiracy  against  the  government 
(1830),  but  was  soon  released;  left 
Italy;  founded  the  secret  revolu- 
tionary society  of  "  Young  Italy," 
1832,  whose  object  was  the  unifica- 


tion of  Italy  under  a  republican  gov- 
ernment; returned  to  Italy  upon  the 
outbreak  of  the  revolution  of  1848; 
was  a  member  of  the  triumvirate  in 
the  republic  at  Rome;  exiled  when 
the  papal  government  was  restored; 
took  a  minor  part  in  the  disturb- 
ances, which  culminated  in  the  uni- 
fication of  Italy;  died  at  Pisa, 
March  10,  1872 

Joins  revolutionists  of  Rome,  4, 
366 

Meade,  George  Gordon,  an  American 
general:  born  at  Cadiz,  Spain,  De- 
cember 31,  1815;  was  graduated  at 
West  Point,  1835;  served  in  the 
Mexican  war,  1846-1847;  appointed 
captain,  1856,  and  brigadier-general 
of  volunteers,  1861;  became  major- 
general,  1862;  chosen  as  comman- 
der-in-chief of  the  army  of  the  Po- 
tomac; was  of  great  service  in  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg;  appointed  brig- 
adier-general of  the  regular  army, 
1863;  became  second  in  command  of 
the  army  of  the  Potomac  in  its 
operations  against  Richmond,  1864, 
and  was  appointed  major-general  of 
the  regular  army;  became  comman- 
der of  the  third  military  district, 
1867;  died,  November  6,  1872 

Succeeds  Hooker,  24,  779;  sketch 
of,  779;  failure  to  follow  Lee's  re- 
treat, 782 

Meade,  William  (1789-1862),  Ameri- 
can Episcopal  bishop:  complains  of 
his  clergy,  23,  150 

Meagher,  Thomas  Francis  (1823- 
1867),  Irish-American  general; 
sketch  of,  12,  229;  later  career  of, 
232 

Meath,  War  of  (began  1224),  feud  be- 
tween two  Irish  chiefs  which  re- 
sulted in  the  devastation  of  Meath, 
12,  57 

Meaux,  France:  siege  of  (1421),  11, 
200 

Mecca,  Asia  Minor:  chosen  as  center 
for  Mohammedan  worship,  1,  214; 
Mohammed  returns  to,  230;  con- 
quered by  Mohammed,  231;  stormed 
by  the  Karmathians,  362;  visited  by 


GENERAL    INDEX 


459 


Prince  Djem,  14,  108;  captured  by 
Wahabites,  385;   recovered,  409 

Mechanicsville,  Virginia:  battle  of 
(1862),  24,  761;  McClellan's  com- 
plaint before  battle  of,  762 

Mechlin,  Brabant,  Holland:  expels  the 
patrician  families,  13,  30;  siege  of 
(1572),  13,  114 

Medes,  The,  inhabitants  of  Media, 
Asia:  advent  in  history,  1,  89;  rise 
of,  1,  91,  157,  2,  120;  conquered  by 
Cyrus  (549  B.  C.)>  2,  123;  rebellion 
of,  129 

Medhurst  (19th  century),  British  dip- 
lomat: consul  at  Yangchow,  6,  221 

Mediation,  Act  of,  system  of  govern- 
ment enforced  on  the  Swiss  by 
Napoleon  (1803),  9,  320,  13,  519 

Medici,  The,  Italian  family:  rise  of, 
4,  267;  become  extinct,  331 

Medici,  Alessandro  de':  see  Alessan 
dro  de'  Medici 

Medici,  Catherine  de':  see  Catherine 
de'  Medici 

Medici,  Cosmo  de'  (1389-1464),  Italian 
statesman:  character  of,  4,  267;  en- 
courages learning,  282 

Medici,  Cosmo  de'  (1519-1574):  see 
Cosmo  de'  Medici 

Medici,  Francesco  de':  see  Francis 
Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany 

Medici,  Giovanni  de':  see  Leo  X,  Pope 

Medici,  Giovanni  de'  (1360-1429) 
Italian  statesman:  character  of,  4, 
267 

Medici,  Giovanni  de'  (1498-1526),  Ital- 
ian general:  his  campaign  against 
the  Duke  of  Bourbon,  4,  303 

Medici,  Jacob  of  (16th  century),  Ital- 
ian soldier:  uprising  of,  13,  444 

Medici,  Julian  de'  (ca.  1469),  Italian 
statesman:  assumes  government  of 
Florence,   4,  268 

Medici,  Lorenzo  de',  the  Magnificent, 
Prince  of  Florence,  called  The  Fa- 
ther of  Letters:  born,  1448;  was 
educated  by  celebrated  masters  of 
that  age;  was  slightly  wounded  in  a 
conspiracy  of  the  Pazzi  family,  to- 
gether with  the  Archbishop  of  Pisa 
and  Pope  Sixtus  IV;  the  Archbishop 
was   hanged,  and   Lorenzo  was   ex- 


communicated by  Pope  Sixtus  IV, 
1478,  whose  successor,  Innocent 
VIII,  became  a  friend  of  Lorenzo, 
1848;  under  Lorenzo's  patronage, 
Florence  became  the  meeting  place 
of  all  the  culture  of  that  time;  died, 
April  8,    1492 

Reign     of,     4,     268;     encourages 
learning,  282 

Medici,  Piero  de'  (1416-1469),  Italian 
statesman:  character  of,  4,  268 

Medici,  Piero  (Pierre)  de'  (1471- 
IS03),  Italian  statesman:  defeated 
by  Charles  VIII  of  France,  4,  290; 
rise  against,  9,   130 

Medicine,  Science  of,  among  the 
Egyptians,  1,  52;  among  the  Sara- 
cens, 348;  in  the  American  colonies, 
23,   139 

Medina,  Asia  Minor:  accepts  the 
teachings  of  Mohammed,  1,  222; 
sieges  of,  228,  244;  visited  by  Prince 
Djem,  14,  108;  captured  by  the  Wa- 
habites, 1,  385;  recovered,  409 

Medina,  General  (19th  century),  Uru- 
guayan military  officer:  defeats 
Flores,  21,  142 

Medina,  Juan  Jose  (19th  century), 
Paraguayan  adventurer:  attempts 
to  seize  the  government  in  Para- 
guay, 21,  155 

Medina  de  Rio-Secco,  Spain:  battle 
of  (1808),  9,  333 

Medina-Sidonia,  Alonzo  de  Guzman, 
Duke  of  (16th  century),  Spanish 
sailor:  given  command  of  the  Span- 
ish Armada,  8,  364 

Mediterranean,  The  Gate  of  the:  see 
Gibraltar 

Mediterranean,  The  Key  of  the:  see 
Gibraltar 

Mediterranean,  The  Queen  of  the:  see 
Carthage 

Meerut,  India:  massacre  of  (1399),  5, 
104;  outbreak  of  the  mutiny  at,  234 

Megabyzus  (Megabazus)  (6th  century 
B.  C),  Persian  general:  his  cam- 
paign in  Egypt,  1,  32;  revolt  of, 
167;  conquers  Egypt,  2,  246;  in 
Thrace,  132 

Megacles  (7th  century  B.  C),  Athe- 
nian archon:  crime  of,  2,  100 


460 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Megalopolis,  Greece:  founded,  2,  440; 
its  wars  with  Sparta,  453,  465 

Megalopolis,  Asia  Minor:  founded,  3, 
275 

Megara,  Greece:  made  Dorian  capital, 
2,  40;  colonization  from,  82;  allied 
with  Athens,  242;  at  war  with  Ath- 
ens, 248;  causes  Peloponnesian  war, 
263;  ravaged  by  Athenians,  280; 
saved  by  Brasidas,  310;  at  war  with 
Philip,  473;  submits  to  Philip,  479 

Megara  Hyblaea,  Sicily:  destroyed  by 
Gelo,  2,  217 

Megasthenes  (ca.  300  B.  C.),  Greek 
geographer:    describes   India,   5,   70 

Meghem,  Count  (ca.  1555),  Belgian 
noble:  his  mission  to  Antwerp,  13, 
92;  at  the  battle  of  Bois-le-duc,  101; 
takes  the  oath  of  allegiance,  102 

Megiddo,  Asia  Minor:  battles  of  (ca. 
1485  B.  C.),  1,  23;  (608  B.  C.),  399 

Mehadia,   Hungary:  battle   of   (1788), 

14,  354 

Mehemet  Ali:  see  Mohammed  Ali 

Mehidpur,  India:  battle  of  (1817),  5, 
209 

Meidum,  Pyramid  of,  Egypt:  tomb  of 
Snefru,  1,  16 

Meier,  Rudolf  (ca.  1800),  Swiss  geog- 
rapher: publishes  his  atlas,  13,  521 

Meiji  Era,  the  present  epoch  of  time 
in  Japan  which  began  1868,  7,  174 

Meissen,  Saxony:  founded,  18,  107; 
becomes  an  appanage  of  Poland, 
121 

Mejia,  Thomas  (ca.  1812-1867),  Mexi- 
can soldier:  death  of,  22,  397 

Melanchthon  (Melanthon),  Philip 
(1497-1560),  German  reformer:  in- 
fluences Frederick  of  Saxony  in  fa- 
vor of  Luther,  18,  237;  assists  Lu- 
ther to  translate  the  Bible,  244;  op- 
poses the  union  of  state  and  church, 
245;  at  the  Marburg  Conference, 
247;  death  of,  260 

Melas,  Baron  Michael  von  (1729- 
1806),  Austrian  general:  in  the  war 
of  the  second  coalition,  17,  285,  18, 
363 

Melbourne,  Australia:  founded,  20, 
189;  growth  of,  194 


Melbourne,  William  Lamb,  Viscount 

(1779-1848),  English  statesman: 
member  of  Grey's  ministry,  11,  587; 
first  ministry  of,  593;  second  minis- 
try of,  595 

Melbourne  Conference,  The,  a  confer- 
ence to  decide  on  the  form  of  gov- 
ernment to  be  adopted  by  the  Aus- 
tralasian colonies  (1890),  20,  203 

Meldorf,  Germany:  the  sack  of  (1500), 
16,    139 

Melegnano,  Italy:  battle  of  (1859),  9, 
451 

Melek  Shah  (ca.  1092),  Seljukian 
sovereign:  Seljukian  Turks  power- 
ful under,  14,  10 

Meletus,  Asia  Minor:  at  war  with  Per- 
sians, 2,  382 

Melgarejo,  Mariano  (ca.  1810-1870), 
South  American  statesman:  made 
president  of  Bolivia,  21,  190 

Melicertes,  Phoenician  god:  worshiped 
by  Corinth,  2,  28 

Melik-el-Kamil  (ca.  1220),  Sultan  of 
Egypt  and  Syria:  recaptures  Dami- 
etta,  1,  36 

Melikov,  Michael  Tarielovitch  Tainow, 
Count  Loris  (1826-1888),  Russian 
general:  his  campaign  against  Tur- 
key, 15,  335 

Melito,  Conde  de  (16th  century), 
Spanish  statesman:  made  regent  of 
Valencia,  8,  347 

Mello,  Custodio  de  (ca.  1845),  Bra- 
zilian naval  officer  and  revolutionist: 
leads  rebellion,  21,  254 

Mello,  Duarte  de  (ca.  1500),  Portu- 
guese explorer:  founds  Mozam- 
bique, 19,  21 

Mello,  Francisco  de  (ca.  1640),  Gov- 
ernor-general of  the  Netherlands: 
rule  of,  13,  214 

Meloria,  Italian  island:  battle  of 
(1284),  4,  236 

Melos,  Greece:  colonized,  2,  56;  a 
Phoenician  possession,  27;  con- 
quered by  Athens,  327 

Melpum,  Italy:  captured  by  Romans 
(396  B.  O,  3,  59 

Melville,  Andrew  (1545-1622),  Scot- 
tish reformer  and  scholar:  draws  up 


GENERAL    INDEX 


461 


the  Second  Book  of  Discipline,  12, 
326 
Melville,     Henry     Dundas,     Viscount 

(1740-1811),  Scottish  lawyer  and 
statesman:  impeached,  11,  556;  pro- 
poses the  repeal  of  the  penal  laws 
in  Scotland,  12,  370 

Melville,  Sir  James  (1530-1606),  Scot- 
tish statesman  and  historian:  sketch 
of,  12,  331 

Memel,  Prussia:  siege  of  (1757),  15, 
146 

Memminger,  Christopher  Gustavus 
(1803-1888),  American  politician: 
Confederate  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, 24,  694 

Memmius,  Gaius  (d.  100  B.  C),  Ro- 
man tribune:  leads  movement  for 
war  against  Jugurtha,  3,  188;  leader 
of  the  populace,  199;  murdered,  201 

Memnon  (d.  333  B.  C),  Greek  gen- 
eral: campaign  against  Alexander,  2, 

489 

Memphis,  Egypt:  location  of,  1,  6; 
siege  of,  292 

Memphis,  Tennessee:  convention  at 
(1853),  24,  589;  captured  by  the  Fed- 
erals (1862),  750;  Sherman  embarks 
at,  775;  yellow  fever  epidemic,  923 

Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad: 
Federals  gain  control  of,  24,  750 

Menahem  ben  Gadi  (8th  century), 
King  of  Israel,  748-738  B.  C: 
usurps  the  throne  of  Israel,  1,  393 

Menapians,  The,  Belgian  tribe:  at  war 
with  the  Romans,  13,  5 

Mencius  (d.  ca.  289  B.  C),  Chinese 
philosopher:  quoted,  6,  6,  7,  9 

Mende,  Greece:  revolts  from  Athens, 
2,  315 

Mendelssohn,  Moses  (1728-1786),  Jew- 
ish scholar:  aids  cause  of  Jewish 
toleration,  1,  423 

Mendenez,  Manuel  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Peruvian  official:  governs 
Peru  (1842),  21,  196 

Mendoza,  Argentine  Republic:  de- 
stroyed by  earthquake,  21,   130 

Mendoza,  Alonso  Velez  de  (early  16th 
century),  Spanish  explorer:  explora- 
tions of,  21,  15 


Mendoza,  Antonio  de,  Count  de  Ten- 
dilla  (16th  century),  Viceroy  of 
New  Spain,  1530-1551:  rule  of,  22, 
106;    appointed    governor    of    Peru, 

Mendoza,  Francisco,  Admiral  of  Ara- 
gon  (16th  century),  Spanish  com- 
mander: commands  Spanish  forces 
in  the  Netherlands,  13,  170 

Mendoza,  Pedro  de  (1487-1537),  Span- 
ish captain:  founds  Buenos  Ayres, 
21,  25 

Mendoza  y  Luna,  Juan  de,  Marques 
de  Montesclaros  (17th  century), 
Viceroy  of  New  Spain,  1603-1607: 
made  viceroy,  22,   143 

Menelaus  (2nd  century  A.  D.),  high 
priest  of  Jerusalem:  deposes  Jason, 
I>  405 

Menelaus,  legendary  King  of  Sparta: 
in  Homer's  "  Iliad,"  2,  29,  33 

Menelek  II,  King  of  Shoa  (1844 ), 

King  of  Abyssinia,  1889 ,  wages 

war  with  Italy,  4,  404,  19,  208; 
ability  of,   19,  247 

Menendez  de  Aviles,  Pedro  (1519- 
I574)»  Spanish  naval  officer:  de- 
stroys French  colony  on  the  St. 
John's,  23,  47 

Menephthah  II,  King  of  Egypt,  ca. 
1285  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  127 

Menes  (Mena),  King  of  Egypt,  ca. 
2000  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  14 

Menezes,  Dom  Duarte  de  (15th  cen- 
tury), Portuguese  soldier:  his  cam- 
paign in  Africa,  8,  316;  made  gov- 
ernor of  the  Indies,  331,  433 

Menezes,  Henrique  de  (early  16th 
century),  Portuguese  statesman: 
viceroy  of  the  Indies,  8,  434 

Mengaud  (18th  century),  French  revo- 
lutionist: encourages  revolution  in 
Switzerland,  13,  509 

Mengden,  Julia  (early  18th  century), 
Russian  lady-in-waiting:  favorite  of 
Anna  Leopoldovna,  15,  129,  132; 
banished,  138 

Menhardt  (13th  century),  Count  cf 
Tyrol:  allied  with  Rudolf  of  Haps- 
burg,  17,  75;  receives  Carinthia,  100 

Men-ka-ra     (Mykerinos,     Menkheres) 


462 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


(ca.  40th  century  B.  C),  King  of 
Egypt:  reign  of,  I,  16 

Menno,  Simon,  German  reformer: 
founds    Mennonite    sect,    18,   250 

Menou,  Baron  Jacques  Frangois  de 
(1750-1810),  French  general:  made 
commander-in-chief  in  Egypt,  9, 
318;  replaced  in  the  command  of  the 
army  by  Barras,  10,  357 

Menschikov,  Prince  Alexander  Daniel- 
ovitch  (1670-1729),  Russian  states- 
man and  general:  with  Peter  on  his 
journey,  33;  reorganizes  the  army, 
41;  made  governor-general  of  St. 
Petersburg,  45;  campaigns  of,  15, 
50;  at  the  battle  of  Poltava,  16, 
220;  loses  influence,  15,  89;  his 
power  under  Catherine,  94;  ban- 
ished, 96;  death  of,  98 

Menschikov,  Prince  Alexander  Sergei- 
vitch  (1789-1869),  Russian  admiral: 
on  the  members  of  the  Greek 
Church,  14,  340;  his  ministry  to 
Turkey,  449;  his  campaign  against 
Turkey,  15,  278;  leaves  Constanti- 
nople, 304;  in  the  Crimean  War, 
9,  446,  15,  312;  recalled  from  the 
command,  15,  317 

Menshikov,  Mary,  betrothed  wife  of 
Peter  II   of  Russia:   sketch  of,   15, 

97 

Mentu-hotep  I  (ca.  20th  century  B. 
C),  King  of  Egypt:  reign  of,  1,  18 

Menzes,  Don  Metello  Souza  y  (late 
18th  century),  Portuguese  states- 
man: envoy  to  China,  6,  80 

Mequinencia,  Spain:  siege  of  (1133), 
8,  234 

Meran  Manifesto,  The,  a  declaration 
of  rights  made  by  Austrian  peasants 
(1588),  17,  177 

Mercator,  Gerard  (15 12-1594),  Dutch 
geographer:  sketch  of,  13,  169;  in- 
vents a  method  for  making  accurate 
charts,  20,  122 

Mercer,  Fort,  New  Jersey:  captured 
by  British,  23,  260 

Mercer,  Hugh  (d.  1877),  Scotch  gen- 
eral in  the  American  Revolution: 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Princeton, 
23,  249 

"  Merchant     Adventurers,      Company 


of,"  English  association  of  East  In- 
dian traders:  obtain  charter,  5,   158 

Merchant  Gilds,  The:  rise  of  (1093), 
11,  117 

Merchant  Queen,  The:  see  Venice 

Merciless  Parliament,  The,  name  given 
to  the  English  parliament  which 
met  at  Winchester  (1388);  account 
of,  11,   181 

Merccem,  Duke  of  (late  16th  cen- 
tury), French  peer:  supports  claims 
of  Philip  II  of  Spain  to  the  crown 
of  France,  9,  170 

Mercy,  Claudius  Florimond,  Count 
(1666-1734),  Austrian  general-in- 
chief  of  French  birth:  his  campaign 
in  Sicily,  9,  231 

Merian,  Maria  Sibylla,  Frau  Graff 
(1647-1717),  German  naturalist  and 
artist:  sketch  of,  13,  584 

Merian,  Mathias  (1621-1687),  Swiss 
portrait  painter:   sketch  of,  13,  482 

Merida,  Spain:  conquered  by  the  Sar- 
acens (713  A.  D.),  1,  315,  8,  51;  siege 
of  (736  A.  D.),  8, 66;  battle  of  (1813), 
21,  61 

Merira  Pepi  I,  King  of  Egypt  of 
the  sixth  dynasty:  reign  of,  1,  17 

Merlin  de  Douai,  Count  Philippe  An- 
toine  (1754-1838),  French  statesman 
and  jurist:  attacked  by  the  coun- 
cils, 10,  404;  resigns  the  directorial 
authority,  404 

Merodach-baladan,  King  of  Bit-Yakin, 
8th  century  B.  C. :  seizes  Babylonian 
throne,  1,  84,  396;  defeated  by  Sar- 
gon,  86;  defeated  by  Sennacherib, 
87 

Merodach-nadin-akhe,  King  of  Baby- 
lonia, nth  century  B.  C. :  submits 
to  Assyrian  king,  1,  79 

Merovingian  Dynasty,  a  Frankish 
dynasty:  founded,  9,  18,  18,  59 

Merovius  (d.  456  A.  D.),  King  of  the 
Franks:  at  battle  of  Mery-sur-Seine, 

9,  17 

Merovius  (6th  century  A.  D.),  Frank- 
ish prince:  marries  Brunhilda,  9,  27 

"  Merrimac,"  American  vessel  in  the 
Civil  War:  Confederate  ironclad, 
24,  754;  destroys  the  "  Cumber- 
land "    and    the    "  Congress,"    754; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


463 


naval  duel  with  "  Monitor,"  756; 
burned  by  Confederates,  756 

"  Merrimac,"  American  war-ship  in 
the  Spanish-American  war:  sunk  by 
Lieutenant  Hobson,  24,  1029 

Merrimac  River,  New  England: 
boundary  of  grant  to  Gorges  and 
Mason,  23,  95 

Merry  (early  19th  century),  English 
statesman:  Burr's  correspondence 
with,  23,  404 

Merry  Monarch,  The:  see  Charles  II, 
King  of  England 

Merryman  Case,  The,  in  American 
history,  a  case  arising  from  the  sup- 
pression of  the  writ  of  habeas 
corpus  by  Lincoln  (1861),  24,  816 

Merrymount,  Massachusetts:  charac- 
ter of  settlement,  23,  85 

Mersch,  Francis  van  der:  see  Van  der 
Mersch,  Francis 

Merseburg,  Germany:  battle  of 
(933  A.  D.),  9>  55,  18,  107 

Mersen,  Edict  of,  an  edict  by  Charles 
the  Bald  granting  every  freeman 
the  privilege  of  choosing  his  own 
feudal  lord  (847  A.  D.),  9,  51 

Mersen,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
Ludwig  the  German  and  Charles 
the  Bald  (870  A.  D.),  18,  95 

Merton,  Walter  de  (d.  1277),  English 
ecclesiastic:  founds  Merton  Col- 
lege, 11,  142 

Merula,  Lucius  Cornelius  (d.  87  B. 
C.)»  Roman  statesman:  chosen  con- 
sul, 3,  222;  death,  223 

Merv,  Siberia:  occupied  by  Russia,  5, 
264 

Merveldt,  General  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Austrian  military  officer:  at 
the  battle  of  Leipzig,  17,  310 

Merwan  (d.  750  A.  D.),  Mohamme- 
dan caliph:  at  battle  of  the  Zab,  1, 
340 

Merwig  (6th  century  A.  D.),  son  of 
Chilperic,  Frankish  prince:  revolt 
of,  18,  62 

Mery  sur  Seine:  see  Chalons 

Mesa,  California:  battle  of,  22,  300 

Mesopotamia,  Asia  Minor:  location 
of,  1,  63;  conquests  of  Suleiman  I 
in,   14,   158 


Messala,  Marcus  Valerius  (1st  cen- 
tury B.  C.)f  Roman  statesman: 
consul,  4,  25;  offers  the  title  of  Au- 
gustus to  Octavius,  35 

Messalina  (d.  48  A.  D.),  wife  of 
Claudius  I:  death,  4,  60 

Messalina  of  the  North,  The:  see 
Catherine  II,  Empress  of  Russia 

Messene  (Messana),  Sicily:  founded 
as  Zaucle,  2,  83;  taken  by  Anaxi- 
laus,  217;  taken  by  Cathaginians, 
413;  siege  of  (289  B.  C.)»  3,  99J 
joins  Rome  and  Carthage  against 
Pyrrhus,  3,  79;  captured  by  slaves, 
187;  siege  of  (37  B.  C),  4,  21 

Messenhauser  (d.  1848),  Austrian  in- 
surgent: death  of,  18,  401 

Messenia,  Peloponnesus,  Greece: 
geography  of,  2,  17;  mentioned  as  a 
Dorian  state,  60;  first  war  with 
Sparta  (743-723  B.  C),  71;  second 
war  with  Sparta  (ending  645  B. 
C),  71;  third  war  with  Sparta  (464- 
455  B.  C.)»  237l  founded  by  Epami- 
nondas  (369  B.  C),  442;  allied  to 
Philip  of  Macedon,  470;  joins  the 
Achaean  League,  519 

Mestnistchestvo,  mediaeval  Russian 
system  of  precedence:  abolished  (ca. 
1681),    15,   25 

Metal  Age,  23,  6 

Metastasio  (Pietro  Bonaventura  Tra- 
passe)  (1698-1782),  Italian  poet: 
sketch  of,  4,  338 

Metaurus,  river  of  Italy:  battle  of, 
3,   128 

Metcalfe,  Charles  Theophilus,  Baron 
Metcalfe  (1785-1746),  English  states- 
man: matriculates  at  the  college  of 
Fort  William,  5,  202;  sent  as  envoy 
to  Lahore,  205;  his  governor-gen- 
eralship of  India,  215;  his  adminis- 
tration as  governor  of  Canada,  20, 
158,  162 

Metellus,  Quintius  Caecilius,  Roman 
consul,  60  B.  C. :  at  battle  of  Cy- 
donia,  3,  260;  defeats  Catilina,  284 

Metellus  Creticus,  Lucius  Caecilius, 
Roman  tribune,  49  B.  C. :  attempts 
to  protect  the  state  chest,  3,  339 

Metellus  Macedonicus,  Quintus  Caeci- 
lius, Roman  consul,   143  B.   C. :  de- 


464. 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


feats  the  Celtiberians,  3,  162;  favors 
reforms,  175;  urges  the  duty  of  mar- 
riage, 248 

Metellus  Nepos,  Quintus  Caecilius, 
Roman  consul,  57  B.  C. :  elected  trib- 
une, 3,  286;  suspended  from  office, 
287;  at  the  conference  of  the  trium- 
viate,  315 

Metellus  Numidicus,  Quintus  Cae- 
cilius, Roman  consul,  109  B.  C:  his 
campaign  in  Africa,  3,  189 

Metellus  Pius,  Quintus  Caecilius,  Ro- 
man consul,  80  B.  C:  voluntarily 
exiles  himself  from  Rome,  3,  200; 
returns  to  Rome,  201;  comes  to  the 
aid  of  Rome  against  forces  of  Ma- 
rius  and  Cinna,  222;  obliged  to  sub- 
mit to  Cinna,  225;  joins  Sulla,  225; 
his  campaign  in  Spain,  8,  21;  elected 
consul,  3,  240;  retires  to  private  life, 
278 

Metenna:  see  Matgenos 

Methodius,  Saint  (d.  885  A.  D.),  Greek 
or  Slav  missionary,  called  The 
Apostle  to  the  Slavs:  his  work 
among  the  Bohemians,  18,  99;  his 
mission  to  the  Slavs,  17,  31;  hon- 
ored by  the  Pope,  32;  struggles  with 
the  German  clergy,  33 

Methone,  southeastern  Europe:  tak- 
en by  Philip,  2,  461 

Methuen,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
England  and  Portugal  (1703),  8, 
525,  11,  454,  20,  106 

Metternich,  Prince  Clemens  Wenzel 
Nepomuk  Lothar  von  (1 773-1 859), 
Austrian  statesman:  summons  the 
Carlsbad  Conference,  9,  374;  plans 
restoration  of  the  Bourbons,  10, 
498;  opposed  by  Canning,  II,  574; 
influences  Alexander  of  Russia,  15, 
264;  intrusted  with  the  management 
of  foreign  affairs,  17,  302;  attempts 
to  negotiate  a  peace  with  Napoleon, 
307;  follows  the  policy  of  France, 
18,  378;  given  title  of  hereditary 
prince,  17,  310;  plans  Congress  of 
Vienna,  312;  character  and  aims  of, 
320;  made  chancellor  of  the  empire, 
323;  becomes  the  enemy  of  Na- 
poleon, 18,  383;  fears  to  have  Na- 
poleon completely  overthrown,  385; 


proposes  the  German  Confedera- 
tion, 392;  his  influence  in  Austria, 
17,  345,  18,  396;  fall  of,  17,  361,  18, 
398 

Metz,  Germany:  sieges  of  (1552-1553), 
9,  146,  18,  258;  (1870),  9,  468,  18, 
422 

Mexia  (19th  century),  Mexican  sol- 
dier: rebellion  of,  22,  274 

Mexia,  Pedro  de  (early  17th  century), 
Mexican  merchant:  career  of,  22, 
154 

Mexican  War,  The,  a  war  between 
Mexico  and  the  United  States 
(1846-1848):  main  treatment,  22, 
278,  24,  540;  causes,  24,  544;  war 
declared  by  Congress,  547;  sum- 
mary of,  552;  opposed  by  Lincoln, 
666;  Lee's  service  in,  760;  Burnside 
serves  in,  769;  Bragg  a  leader  in, 
773;  Meade's  service  in,  779;  Lee's 
and  Grant's  services  in,  812;  Han- 
cock's service  in,  930;  battle  of  Palo 
Alto  (1846),  22,  316,  24,  547;  battle 
of  Resaca  de  la  Palma  (1846),  22, 
316,  24,  547;  Taylor  crosses  the  Rio 
Grande  and  occupies  Matamoras, 
24,  548;  siege  and  capitulation  of 
Monterey  (1846),  548;  battle  of 
Buena  Vista  (1847),  22,  309,  24,  548; 
surrender  of  Vera  Cruz  (1847),  22, 
322,  24,  549;  rout  of  the  Mexicans 
at  Cerro  Gordo  Pass,  22,  326,  24, 
550;  battle  of  Churubusco  (Cheru- 
busco)  (1847),  22,  349,  24,  550;  bat- 
tle of  Contreras  (1847),  22,  345,  24, 
550;  battle  of  Molino  del  Rey 
(1847),  22,  363,  24,  550;  storming 
of  Chapultepec  (1847),  22,  366,  24, 
550;  surrender  of  the  City  of  Mex- 
ico (1847),  22,  369,  24,  550;  treaty 
concluded  at  Guadalupe  Hidalgo, 
23>  377,  24,  552;  political  conse- 
quences of  the  war,  24,  550 

Mexico,  a  political  division  of  North 
America:  discovery  and  explora- 
tion, 22,  3,  23,  38,  43;  the  arrival  of 
Cortez  among  the  Aztecs,  22,  12; 
the  march  on  Tenochitlan,  18;  the 
submission  of  Montezuma,  25;  the 
revolt  against  the  Spaniards,  33;  the 
successes  of  Cortez,  22,  39,  23,  39; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


465 


the  conquest  of  the  valley,  22,  44; 
Spanish  defeats  and  disaffections  of 
allies,  50;  the  capture  of  the  capital, 
58;  the  triumph  ofCortez  and  his 
last  years,  66;  Mexican  monuments 
and  civilization,  20,  7,  22,  75,  23,  6; 
condition  under  the  colonial  system, 
22,  98;  sketch  of  its  history,  8,  519; 
Antonio  de  Mendoza,  first  viceroy 
of  New  Spain,  22,  106;  Velasco  and 
Peralta,  116;  the  growth  of  com- 
merce, 128;  the  explorations  of  the 
Californias,  137;  the  canal  of  Hue- 
huetoca,  145;  the  rising  against 
Gelves,  153;  the  Indian  rebellions, 
161;  settlements  in  Texas,  183;  de- 
velopment of  internal  resources, 
194;  the  effect  of  European  wars  on 
colonial  development,  223;  spread 
of  the  revolution  against  foreign 
domination,  22,  233,  23,  445;  the 
success  of  the  popular  cause,  22, 
247,  24,  532;  struggles  of  the  polit- 
ical parties,  22,  261;  refuses  to  sell 
Texas,  24,  532;  slavery  abolished, 
532;  outbreak  of  the  war  with  the 
United  States,  22,  278,  24,  545;  oc- 
cupancy of  New  Mexico  and  Cali- 
fornia, 22,  294,  24,  548;  General 
Scott  takes  command  in  Mexico, 
22,  301,  24,  549;  affairs  in  the  cap- 
ital, 22,  310;  the  advance  to  the  cap- 
ital, 22,  321,  24,  549;  the  armistice 
before  the  capital,  22,  351,  24,  550; 
the  fall  of  the  capital,  22,  359,  24, 
550;  the  Gadsden  Treaty,  24,  641; 
foreign  intervention  and  the  empire 
under  Maximilian,  22,  381,  24,  875; 
the  restoration  of  the  Republic,  and 
reconstruction,  22,  398;  commerce 
and  industry  —  internal  develop- 
ment, 413;  Yucatan,  423;  settlement 
of  disputes  with  the  United  States, 
24,  1055;  arbitration  treaty  with  the 
United  States,  1076 
Mexico,  City  of  (Tenochitillan),  Mex- 
ico: description  of,  at  the  time  of 
Cortez's  entry,  22,  25;  siege  of 
(1521),  22,  52,  23,  39;  rebuilt,  23, 
40;  insurrection  in  (1692),  22,  181; 
beautified,  192;  taken  by  the  Amer- 


icans (1847),  22,  369,  24,  55o;  by 
the  French  (1863),  22,  387;  by  Diaz 
(1867),  398;  insurrection  in  (1871), 
402 

Mexico,  University  of,  Mexico:  con- 
secrated and  opened,  22,   117 

Meyer,  Bernhard  (ca.  1840),  Swiss 
church  official:  leads  the  Ultramon- 
tanists,  13,  547 

Meyer,    George    von    Lengerke    (1858 

),  United  States  diplomat:  aids 

peace  negotiations  between  Russia 
and  Japan,  7,  319 

Meyer,  Konrad  Ferdinand  (b.  1825), 
Swiss  poet  and  novelist:  sketch  of, 
13,  584 

Meyer,  Valentine  (18th  century), 
Swiss  politician:  tyranny  of,  13, 
499 

Meza,  General  de  (ca.  i860),  Danish 
soldier:  in  the  Slesvig-Holstein 
War,    16,   274 

Mezentsev,  General  (ca.  1880),  Rus- 
sian military  officer:  assassination 
of,  15,  339 

Mezieres,  France:  siege  of  (1521),  9, 
138 

Miamun  I:  see  Ramses  I 

Miani,  British  India:  battle  of  (1843), 
5,  219 

Miaotzu,  The,  Chinese  tribe:  account 
of,  6,  94;  campaigns  against,  95; 
treacherous  conduct  towards,  96, 
125 

Micca,  Peter  (ca.  1700),  Italian  sol- 
dier: heroism  of,  at  the  siege  of 
Turin,  4,  329 

Michael  III  (ca.  839-867),  Emperor  of 
the  East,  842-867;  sends  missiona- 
ries  to    Moravia,    17,   31 

Michael  (VIII)  Palaeologus  (1234- 
1282),  Emperor  of  the  East,  1259- 
1282:  recovers  Constantinople,  2, 
536 

Michael  (19th  century),  Grand  Duke 
of  Russia:  his  campaign  against 
Turkey,   15,  278 

Michael  Angelo:  see  Buonarotti 

Michael  of  the  Peaked  Beard  (13th 
century),  Greek  lord  of  Khirenkia: 
account  of,  14,  13 


466 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Michael  Angelo  of  the  Reformation, 
The:  see  Luther,  Martin 

Michael  Beg  (ca.  1420),  Turkish  com- 
mander:  commands  Akindji,  14,  58 

Michael  Feodorovitch  Romanov  (ca. 
1597-1645),  Tsar  of  Moscow:  elect- 
ed to  the  throne,  15,  21 

Michael  Lattach:  see  Omar  Pasha 

Michael  Nikolaivitch  (19th  century), 
Grand  Duke  of  Russia:  at  the  battle 
of  Inkerman,  15,  316;  sketch  of, 
352 

Michael  Obrenovitch,  Prince  (1825- 
1868),  prince  of  Servia:  account  of, 
14,  465 

Michael  Oglu  (ca.  1530),  Turkish 
chief:  leads  Turkish  marauders,  14, 

154 

Michael  Wisniowiecki  (1669-1673), 
King  of  Poland:  reign  of,   15,   382 

Michaud,  Claud  Ignace  Frangois 
(1753-1835),  French  general:  his 
campaigns  against  the  allied  forces, 
9,  290 

Michel  Angelo  Buonaroti:  see  Buon- 
arotti,  Michael  Angelo 

Michel  de  l'Hopital  (ca.  1560),  French 
statesman:  opposes  introduction  of 
the  inquisition,  9,  151 

Michelbourne,  Sir  Edward  (ca.  1600), 
English  merchant:  granted  license 
to  trade  with  India,  5,  159 

Michelena,  General  (ca.  i860),  South 
American  soldier:  deserts  Paez,  31, 
98 

Michelsen,  Christian  (1857 ),  Nor- 
wegian statesman:  the  king  refuses 
the  resignation  of,  16,  286 

Michelson,  Ivan  Ivanovitch  (1735- 
1807),  Russian  general:  invades 
Moldavia  and  Wallachia,  14,  397; 
saves  Ufa,  15,  168;  defeats  Pugat- 
chev,  170 

Michelsson,  Jon  (ca.  1520),  Scandina- 
vian nobleman:  influences  the 
Swedish  peasants,  16,  151 

Michigan,  a  state  of  the  United  States, 
means  "  the  lake  country,"  called 
the  Lake  State  and  the  State  of 
Wolverines:  relics  of  the  Mound 
Builders  in,  23,  5;  part  of  Massa- 
chusetts,   317;    negro    rescues,    24, 


616;  first  republican  convention  held 
at  Jackson,  644;  opposes  negro  suf- 
frage, 858;  Blaine's  campaign 
speeches  (1884),  947;  Presidential 
election  of  1892,  992 

Michmash,  Asia  Minor:  battle  of,  1, 
382 

Mickiewicz,  Adam  (18th  century), 
Slavonic  poet:   praises  the   Crimea, 

15,  183 

Middendorf,  Alexander  Theodore 
(1815-1894),  Russian  explorer:  ex- 
plorations  of,    16,   317 

Middlesex,  Lionel  Cranfield,  Earl  of: 
see  Cranfield,  Lionel,  Earl  of  Mid- 
dlesex 

Middleton,  David  (ca.  1600),  British 
sea  captain:  commands  voyage  to 
India,  5,   160 

Middleton,  Sir  Henry  (1570-1615), 
English  navigator:  commands  voy- 
age to  India,  5,  159,  160 

Middleton,  Thomas  Fanshaw  (1769- 
1822),  Anglo-Indian  prelate:  Bishop 
of   Calcutta,  5,  206 

Middletown,  New  Jersey:  settled,  23, 
108 

Midhat  Pasha  (1822-1884),  Turkish 
politician:  his  government  in  Bul- 
garia, 15,  331;  leads  party  of  Young 
Turkey,  14,  475;  secures  constitu- 
tions, 478;  fall  of,  490 

Midsunde,  Denmark:  siege  of  (1850), 

16,  272 

Mieczyslav  (Milczyslaw)  I,  King  of 
Poland,  962-992  A.  D.:  marries  Du- 
brawka  of  Bohemia,  17,  63;  em- 
braces Christianity,  15,  372 

Mifflin,  Pennsylvania:  captured  by 
British,  23,  260 

Mifflin,  Thomas  (1744-1800),  Amer- 
ican patriot:  plots  against  Wash- 
ington, 23,  261 

Mignet,  Frangois  Auguste  Marie 
(1796-1884),  French  historian:  op- 
poses the  decrees  of  July  25,  1830, 
9,  390 

Mignon,  Le:  see  Henry  III,  King  of 
France 

Migrations:  see  Invasions,  Barbarian 

Miguel,  Dom  (1802-1866),  son  of 
Joam  VI  of  Portugal:  intrigues  of, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


4,67 


8,  5345  regency  of,  535;  usurps  the 
throne,  21,   168 

Miguelde  (ca.  1815),  South  American 
patriot:  death  of,  21,  65 

Mikawa,  Japan:  battle  of  (1335),  7, 
88 

Mikhailov,  T.  (ca.  1880),  Russian  an- 
archist: execution  of,   15,  339 

Mikkelsen,  Hans  (ca.  1520),  Danish 
scholar:  publishes  a  Danish  New 
Testament,    16,    193 

Mikkelsen,  Niels  (ca.  1560),  Danish 
clergyman:  persecution  of,   16,   197 

Milic  of  Moravia  (Milicz  of  Krem- 
sier)  (d.  1374),  a  Bohemian  preacher: 
teachings  of,  17,  119 

Milan,  Italy:  founded,  3,  58;  battle 
of,  130;  captured  by  the  Romans, 
109;  as  a  republic,  4,  189;  surrend- 
ers to  Frederick  Barbarossa,  192; 
sieges  of  (1158),  18,  150;  (1162), 
18,  151,  4,  193;  statistical  statement 
of,  4,  207;  internal  strife  (1220), 
2U-;  (1257),  217;  conquered  by  the 
French  (1499),  291;  (1796),  18,  360; 
the  plague  of  1576,  4,  311;  condition 
of,  at  the  beginning  of  the  Napo- 
leonic period,  17,  279;  made  capital 
of  the  Cisalpine  republic,  4,  343; 
uprising   in    (1848),    17,    367 

Milan  (IV)  Obrenovitch  (1854-1901), 
King  of  Servia:  becomes  prince  of 
Servia,  14,  465,  15,  343;  declares 
war  on  Bulgaria,  494 

Milan,  St.  (St  Aemilanus)  (d.  484), 
Christian  martyr:   sketch   of,  8,   59 

Milan,  Duchy  of,  Italy:  conquered  by 
the   French   (1796),  9,  136 

Milan,  Edict  of,  an  edict  proclaiming 
toleration  of  the  Christians,  pro- 
mulgated by  Constantine  and  Licin- 
ius   (313  A.  D.),  4,  116,  17,   15 

Milan  Decree,  decree  issued  by  Na- 
poleon, prohibiting  trade  with  Great 
Britain  (1807),  8,  485,  10,  473,  11, 
560,  13,  268,  20,  142,  23,  407 

Mildenhall,  John  (ca.  1600),  English 
diplomat:  sent  to  India  as  ambassa- 
dor, 5,    158 

Mile  Act,  an  act  passed  by  the  Privy 
Council  of  Scotland,  forbidding 
ministers    to    come    within    twenty 


miles  of  their  former  parishes,  or 
within  three  miles  of  any  royal 
burgh  (1662),  12,  346 

Miles,    Nelson    Appleton    (1839 ), 

United  States  Army  commander: 
his  campaign  in  Porto  (Puerto) 
Rico,  8,  520,  22,  462,  24,  1030;  his 
campaign  in  Cuba,  20,  323;  the 
"embalmed  beef"  scandal,  24, 
1034 

Milesians,  natives  of  Spain:  settle  in 
Ireland,  12,  24 

Milessino,  General  (18th  century), 
Russian  army  officer:  befriends 
Araktcheiev,  15,  202 

Miletic  (19th  century),  Austrian  poli- 
tician: imprisoned,  17,  420 

Miletus,  Asia  Minor:  settled  by 
Greeks  under  Neleus,  2,  55;  pioneer 
colony  in  Asia  Minor,  ,80;  attacked 
by  Alyattes,  116;  revolts  from  Per- 
sia (500  B.  C),  134;  destruction  of, 
by  Persians  (494  B.  C),  137;  joins 
the  Athenians,  212;  revolts  from 
Athens,  352;  battle  of,  354;  taken  by 
Alexander,   489 

Milhaud  (early  19th  century),  French 
army  officer:  at  battle  of  Waterloo, 
9,  363 

Military  Service,  Roman:  reformed  by 
Servius   Tullius,   3,    18 

Militia,  United  States;  President's 
power  to   call,   established,   23,   366 

Mill,  John  Stuart  (1806-1873),  Eng- 
lish philosophical  writer,  logician, 
and  economist:  sketch  of,  n,  613; 
pleads  for  the  Manchester  Martyrs, 
12,  235 

Mill,  Walter  (16th  century),  Scotch 
ecclesiastic:  martyrdom  of,  12,  312 

Mill  Spring,  Kentucky:  Confederates 
hold,  24,  742 

Mill-boy  of  the  Slashes,  The:  see 
Clay,  Henry 

Miller,  Samuel  Freeman   (1816-1890), 

American    jurist:    member    of    the 

'   Electoral  Commission,  24,  913  note 

Millesimo,  Italy:  battle  of  (1796),  9, 
298 

"  Millions  for  defense,  but  not  one 
cent  for  tribute,"  23,  374 

Mills,     Roger     Quarles      (1832 ), 


468 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


American  Democratic  politician:  in- 
troduces tariff  revision  bill,  24,  964 

Mills  Bill,  The,  in  United  States  his- 
tory, a  tariff  bill  passed  by  the 
Democratic  House,  and  rejected  by 
the  Republican  Senate:  in  Demo- 
cratic platform  (1888),  24,  966 

Milner,  Sir  Alfred  (1854 ),  British 

colonial  officer:  his  negotiations 
with  President  Kriiger,  19,  280,  20, 
232 

Milo  (280  B.  C.)»  General  of  Pyrrhus: 
arrives  in  Tarentum,  3,  77 

Milo,  Titus  Annius  Papianus  (d.  48 
B.  C.)»  Roman  tribune:  candidate 
for  consul  (52  B.  C),  3,  3*9 

Miloradovitch,  Count  Michael  Andrei- 
vitch  (1770-1825),  Russian  general: 
at  the  surrender  of  Moscow,  15, 
231;  death  of,  272 

Milosh  Kabilovic  (14th  century),  Ser 
vian     nobleman:     slays     Murad     at 
Kosovo,  14,  36 

Milosh  Obrenovich  (1780-1860),  Ser- 
vian prince:  patriot,  14,  410;  ex- 
pelled   from    Servia,    443;    recalled, 

465 

Miloslavskis,  Russian  faction:  sketch 
of,  15,  26,  27 

Miltiades,  an  Athenian  general:  lived 
about  500  B.  C.J  succeeded  his 
uncle,  Miltiades,  who  had  made 
himself  despot  over  the  Chersonese 
in  Thrace;  was  appointed  one  of 
the  ten  generals,  who  commanded 
the  Athenian  army  at  the  battle  of 
Marathon  490  B.  C;  in  which  he 
distinguished  himself  by  gaining  a 
signal  victory;  was  unsuccessful  in 
the  attack  upon  Paros  and  was 
fined  fifty  talents,  which  he  was 
unable  to  pay;  died  about  489  B.  C. 
of  a  wound  inflicted  upon  him  in  the 
siege  just  named 

Plans  desertion  of  Darius,  2,  132; 
sketch  of,  158;  commands  at  Mara- 
thon, 166 

Miltitz,  Karl  von  (1781-1845),  Ger- 
man poet  and  musical  composer: 
his  meeting  with  Luther,  18,  237 

Milton,      John      (1609-1674):      writes 


"  Areopagitica,"  n,  352;  publishes 
his  "  Paradise   Lost,"  391 

Milutin,  Dmitri  (19th  century),  Rus- 
sian statesman:  becomes  minister  of 
war,  15,  324 

Milvian  Bridge,  Italy:  battle  of,  4, 
118 

Milwaukee,  Minnesota:  branch  of  the 
Whiskey    Ring,    24,   894 

Mina,  Francisco  Xavier  (1789-1817), 
Spanish  soldier:  leader  of  reform 
movement  in  Spain,  8,  493;  in  Mex- 
ico, 22,  248;  death  of,  250 

Minamoto,  Clan  of,  Japanese  family: 
rise  of,  7,  51 

Minamoto-no-Hikaru  (9th  century  A. 
D.),  Japanese  prince:  conspires 
against  Sugawara-no-Michizane,  7, 
47 

Minamoto-no-Kugyo  (13th  century), 
Japanese  prince:  kills  Minamoto- 
no-Sanetomo,  7,  69 

Minamoto-no-Noriyori  (12th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  officer:  at  battle  of 
Seta,  7,  62 

Minamoto-no-Sanetomo  (  13th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  prince:  made  sho- 
gun,    7,   69;    killed,    69 

Minamoto-no-Tameyoshi  ( 12th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  prince:  supports 
plans  of  Emperor  Sutoku,  7,  56 

Minamoto-no-Tsunemoto  (10th  cen- 
tury A.  D.),  Japanese  prince,  defeats 
Minamoto-no-Sumitome,   7,   53 

Minamoto-no-Yoriiye  (13th  century), 
Japanese  military  commander,  1200- 
1203:  made  generalissimo,  7,  68 

Minamoto-no-Yorimasa  (12th  cen- 
tury). Japanese  prince:  supports  ac- 
cession of  Emperor  Goshirakawa, 
7,  56;  plots  against  the  Taira  sway, 
60 

Minamoto-no-Yorinobu  (ca.  nth  cen- 
tury), Japanese  prince:  crushes  re- 
bellion of  Taira-no-Tadatsune,  7, 
S3 

Minamoto-no-Yoritomo  (12th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  general  and  states- 
man: leads  rebellion,  7,  60;  influ- 
ence of,  65 

Minamoto-no-Yoriyoshi  (ca.  nth  cen- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


469 


tury),  Japanese  military  com- 
mander: crushes  insurrection  in 
Mutsu,  7,  54 

Minamoto-no-Yoshiiye  (ca.  nth  cen- 
tury), Japanese  prince:  crushes  re- 
volt of  the  Kiyowdra  family,  7,  54 

Minamoto-no-Yoshinaka  (12th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  chief:  leads  rebel- 
lion, 7,  60;  defeats  Taira  forces,  61; 
defeated   by   revolted   followers,  62 

Minamoto-no-Yoshitomo  (12th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  prince:  supports  ac- 
cession of  Emperor  Goshirakawa, 
7,  56;  rebellion  of,  57 

Minamoto-no-Yoshitsune  (12th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  general:  at  battle 
of  Seta,  7,  62;  story  of,  65 

Minamoto-no-Yukiiye  (12th  century), 
Japanese  prince:  attempts  to  over- 
throw the  Taira  family,  7,  60 

Minas  Geraes,  South  America:  organ- 
ized, 30,  105;  insurrection  of  (1789), 
106;  insurrection  in  (1841),  31,  170; 
foreign  element  in,  251 

Minas,  Marquis  das  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), Portuguese  officer:  in  war  of 
Spanish   Succession,  8,  393 

Mincho  Chodensu  (early  15th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  painter:  sketch  of, 
7,   106 

Mincio,  Italy:  battle  of  the,  4,  329 

Mindarus  (early  5th  century  B.  C.) 
Spartan  commander:  on  the  Helles- 
pont, 3,  364;  slain,  365 

Minden,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1759),  9, 
245,  11,  501,  18,  339 

Minesota     Mine,     Wisconsin:     mem 
tioned,  23,  6 

Ming  Dynasty,  The,  a  royal  family  of 
China:  founded  by  Hungwu,  6,  27; 
culture  of,  32,  39 

Minicki  (18th  century),  Polish  pre- 
tender to  the  Russian  throne:  con- 
spiracy of,   15,   III 

Minin,  Kozma  (early  17th  century), 
Russian  insurgent:  directs  a  popu- 
lar rising,   15,  20 

Ministry  of  All  the  Talents,  a  minis- 
try in  England  formed  out  of  vari- 
ous parties  and  headed  by  Lord 
Grenville  (1806):  rule  of,  n,  557 


Minneapolis,  Minnesota:  Republican 
convention    (1892),   34,   989 

Minnesota,  one  of  the  United  States, 
means  "  sky-tinted  water,"  called 
the  Gopher  State:  affected  by  Mis- 
souri Compromise,  33,  456;  admit- 
ted, 34,  664;  opposes  negro  suf- 
frage, 858;  in  election   (1904),   1072 

"Minnesota,"  American  frigate:  in 
the  battle   of  Hampton  Roads,  24, 

755 

Minorites,  Friars:  organized,   11,   132 

Minos,  legendary  ruler:  prehistoric 
king  of  Crete,  3,  19,  22 

Minstrels,  wandering  poets  and  ballad 
singers  of  the  Middle  Ages:  wel- 
comed in  England,  II,  55 

Minto,   Gilbert  John  Murray   Kynyn- 

mound  Elliot,   Earl   of    (1847 ), 

English  statesman:  his  governor- 
generalship  of  India,  5,  306,  309 

Minturnae,  Italy:   established,  3,  73 

Minucius,  Marcus  (2nd  century  B. 
C.)»  Roman  commander:  defeats  the 
Scordisci,  3,  192 

Minucius,  Marcus  Rufus  (3rd  century 
B.  C),  Roman  general:  made  co- 
dictator  with  Fabius,  3,  120 

Minuit,  Peter  (1580-1641),  first  Dutch 
governor  of  New  Netherlands:  pur- 
chases Manhattan  Island  from  In- 
dians, 23,  102;  founds  Wilmington, 
108 

Minutemen,  an  American  colonial  or- 
ganization: organized,  23,  226;  at 
battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord, 
227 

Miquelon,  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence:  retained  by  France  in 
Treaty  of  Paris,  23,  198;  history  of, 
20,  268 

Mir  Jafar  (late  18th  century),  Indian 
prince:  claims  throne  of  Bengal,  5, 
183;  dethroned,  186;  restored,  187; 
bequeathes  a  legacy  to  Clive,  188 

Mir  Jumla  (late  17th  century),  Indian 
general:  his  campaigns  in  the  north 
of  India,  5,  123 

Mir  Kasim  (late  18th  century),  Indian 
commander:  made  nawab  of  Ben- 
gal, 5,  186;  deposed,  187 


470 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Mir  Wais  (early  18th  century), 
Afghan  leader:  founds  Afghan  king- 
dom, 5,  348 

Mirabeau,  Gabriel  Honore  Riquetti, 
Count  (1749-1791),  French  orator 
and  revolutionist:  elected  member 
of  the  States-General,  10,  39;  at  the 
meeting  of  the  assembly  (1789),  9, 
263,  10,  52;  suggests  address  to  be 
presented  to  king,  10,  54;  his  efforts 
in  favor  of  the  court,  9,  269,  10,  68; 
sketch  of,  10,  84;  foretells  fate  of 
the  king,  98;  his  greatest  speech, 
100;  his  opinion  on  the  renewal  of 
the  assembly,  114;  attempts  to  give 
the  revolution  stability,  116;  upholds 
the  vetoing  power  of  the  king,  119; 
urges  admission  of  ministers  to  the 
assembly,  124;  opposes  fugitive  law, 
130;  death  of,  83,  130 

Miraflores,  Peru,  South  America:  oc- 
cupied by  the  Chilians  (1881),  21, 
238 

Miramar,  Treaty  of,  agreement  con- 
cluded between  the  Emperor  of 
France  and  Maximilian,  Archduke 
of  Austria  (1864),  22,  389 

Miramon,  Miguel  (1832-1867),  Mexi- 
can general:  heads  the  clerical  party 
in  Mexico,  24,  875;  in  the  Reform 
War,  22,  383;  death  of,  397 

Miranda,  Francisco  Antonio  Gabriel 
(1756-1816),  Spanish-American  rev- 
olutionist: joins  Bolivar,  21,  59;  his 
campaign  against  the  allied  powers, 
10,  246;  death  of,  60 

Miro  (10th  century),  Count  of  Barce- 
lona, 912-928  A.  D. :  reign  of,  8,  224 

Miromesnil,  Hue  of  (1 723-1 796), 
French  statesman:  made  keeper  of 
the  seals,  9,  253 

Mirovich  (d.  1764),  Russian  officer: 
plot  of,  15,  163 

Mirror  of  Justice,  The:  see  Victoria 

Misa-Hoehe,  Africa:  founded,  19,  180 

Miskolcz,  Austria:  battle  of  (1849), 
15,  302 

Mission  Conception,  Texas:  battle  of 

(1835),  24,  533 
Missionaries   in    China:    first    sent   to 
China,  6,   18;   success  of   Ricci,  38; 


dissensions  among,  40,  74;  jealousy 
of,  81;  difficulties  of,  83,  228;  at- 
tacks on,  145;  murdered  at  Hwa- 
shan,  263;  troubles  of,  in  Shantung 
province,  297;  murdered  at  Yung 
Ch'ing  Hsin,  300;  Boxer  atrocities 
against,  304;  befriended  by  Tuan 
Fang,  305 

Missionary  Ridge,  Tennessee:  Con- 
federates occupy,  24,  784;  Sherman 
sent  to  take,  785 

Missions:  see  Religion 

Mississippi,  one  of  the  United  States, 
from  the  Indian  "  Miche  Sepe," 
meaning  "  father  of  waters,"  called 
The  Bayou  State  and  The  Tadpole 
State:  admitted,  23,  442,  452;  slave 
state,  452;  included  in  land  ceded  by 
Georgia,  469;  makes  judiciary  de- 
partment elective,  480;  separated 
from  Georgia,  24,  567;  first  legal 
execution,  585;  protests  against  ex- 
clusion of  slavery  from  territories, 
610;  senators  advocate  secession 
(1850),  611;  movement  toward  in- 
vasion of  Cuba,  643;  military  appro- 
priation following  John  Brown's 
raid,  676;  delegates  withdraw  from 
Democratic  convention  (i860),  679; 
secession,  668;  operations  of  Civil 
War  in  northern  part  of,  77  y,  sur- 
render of  Confederate  forces,  814; 
prohibitions  against  freedmen,  843; 
under  military  rule,  847;  readmitted, 
848;  in  Presidential  election  of 
1868,  860;  sends  "carpet  bag"  rep- 
resentatives to  Congress,  862;  read- 
mitted to  representation,  863;  effects 
of  Reconstruction  in,  864;  end  of 
"carpet-bag"  rule  in,  873;  negro 
franchise,  873;  yellow  fever  epi- 
demic, 923 

Mississippi  River,  United  States:  De 
Soto  crosses,  23,  42;  navigation  of, 
disputed,  321;  navigation  privileges 
secured,  364,  395;  Treaty  of  Ghent, 
429;  in  campaign  against  Vicksburg, 
24,  775 

Mississippi  Valley,  United  States:  ex- 
plored by  French,  23,  51;  develop- 
ment of,  442 


GENERAL    INDEX 


471 


Mississippi  Valley,  The  Queen  of  the: 
see  St.  Louis 

Missolonghi,  Greece:  siege  of  (1826), 
2,  417;  death  of  Byron  at,  542;  de- 
fense of,  544 

Missouri,  one  of  the  United  States, 
means  "  muddy  water,"  called  The 
Pennsylvania  of  the  West  and  The 
Pike  State:  seeks  admission,  23, 
442,  453,  24,  568;  bill  to  admit,  23, 
453;  dispute  over  constitution,  455; 
organized  as  a  territory,  24,  568; 
Blue  Lodges  organized,  24,  648;  in- 
terferes with  elections  in  Kansas, 
648;  Presidential  election  of  i860, 
683;  Confederates  attempt  to  win 
adhesion  of,  721;  operations  of  1861- 
1862,  740;  Fremont  places  under 
martial  law,  741;  Liberal  Republi- 
can movement  originates  in,  890; 
railroad  strikes  (1877),  919;  Mor- 
mons migrate  to,  982;  Presidential 
election  of  1904,  1072 

Missouri  Compromise,  a  political 
agreement  regarding  the  extension 
of  slavery  in  the  United  States:  ac- 
count of,  23,  450;  adopted,  455;  ef- 
fects on  North  and  South,  456; 
attempt  to  repeal  it,  24,  631;  de- 
clared unconstitutional  by  Taney's 
decision,  660;    modified  by   Kansas- 

'    Nebraska  Act,  660 

Mita  (Midas)  (ca.  700  B.  C),  King  of 
the  Moschi:  reign  of,  I,  142 

Mita,  The,  a  system  established  by 
Charles  V  of  Spain,  by  which  In- 
dian laborers  were  obtained  in 
South  America:  description  of,  21, 
44 

Mitchell,  Sir  Andrew  (1695-1771), 
English  envoy:  at  the  Prussian 
court,  15,  146,  148 

Mitchell,  John  (1815-1875),  Irish  revo- 
lutionist: leader  of  Young  Ireland 
Party,  12,  227;  sketch  of,  229: 
founds  "  The  United  Irishman," 
231;  later  career  of,  232 

Mithradates  I  (171-ca.  138  B.  C), 
Parthian  king:  founds  Parthian 
kingdom,   3,    167 

Mithradates,  son  of  Phraates  (ca.  55 


B.  C),  Parthian  ruler:  career  of,  3, 
322 

Mithradates  (Mithridates)  (VI)  Eu- 
pator  (ca.  132-63  B.  C),  King  of 
Pontus:  at  war  with  Rome,  2,  521, 
3,  208,  215;  sketch  of,  213;  concludes 
peace  through  Sulla,  219;  war  with 
Murena,  229;  revolts  against  Rome, 
258;  rupture  with  Tigranes,  273;  war 
with  Pompeius,  273;  death  of,  273 

Mithrades  of  Pergamus  (ca.  50  B.  C), 
Asiatic  soldier:  comes  to  the  aid  of 
Caesar,  3,  353;  receives  kingdom  of 
Bosporus,  354 

Mitre,  Bartolome  (1821-1894),  Argen- 
tine general,  statesman,  journalist, 
and  author:  sketch  of,  21,  118;  de- 
feated by  Urquiza,  129;  appointed 
generalissimo  of  the  troops  of  Uru- 
guay and  Argentina,  131;  leads  in- 
surrection, 135;  revolts  against 
Avellaneda,  256 

Mitton,  Chapter  of,  Great  Britain:  bat- 
tle of  (1319),  12,  282 

Mitylene,  Island  of  Lesbos  (Mity- 
lene),  Aegean  Sea:  founded,  2,  53; 
joins  Ionic  revolt,  138;  besieged  by 
Spartans,  371;  revolts  from  Athens, 
291;  siege  of  (428-427  B.  C), 
292;  joins  naval  league,  429 

Miura  (19th  century),  Japanese  major 
general:  campaign,  7,  179 

Miura  Yoshimura  (13th  century),  Jap- 
anese lord:  duplicity  of,  7,  71 

Miyako  (8th  century  A.  D.),  Empress- 
dowager  of  Japan:  her  devotion  to 
Buddhism,  7,  32 

Miyoshi  (19th  century),  Japanese  ma- 
jor general:  his  campaign  against 
Saigo,  7,  179 

Miyoshi  Yasunobu  (12th  century), 
Japanese  judiciary:  made  minister 
of  justice,  7,  68 

Mizirli  Zade  Ibrahim  (17th  century), 
Turkish  commander:  made  chief 
naval  commander,  14,  258 

Mizon,  Lieutenant  (ca.  1900),  French 
naval  officer:  his  African  expedition, 
19,  161 

Mizra  Taki  (Amirun  Nizam)  (early 
19th  century),  Persian  commander: 


472 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


becomes   vizier,   5,   362;    sketch   of, 

363 

Moawiyah  (d.  680  A.  D.),  Caliph,  661- 
680  A.  D.:  rebellion  of,  1,  246; 
sketch  of,  247;  attempts  conquest  of 
Africa,  303;  plans  capture  of  Con- 
stantinople, 327 

Mobile,  Alabama:  Confederate  strong- 
hold, 24,  798 

Mobile  Bay,  Gulf  of  Mexico:  Farra- 
gut's  victory  in  (1864),  24,  798;  po- 
litical effect  of  victory,  801 

Mockern,  Germany:  battle  of  (1813), 
18,  382 

Modena,  Italy:  internal  strife,  4,  211; 
revolt  of  (1831),  17,  327;  Austrians 
driven  out  (1848),  367 

Modern  Babylon,  The:  see  London, 
England 

Modern  Charlemagne,  The:  see  Na- 
poleon (I)  Bonaparte,  Emperor  of 
the  French 

Modern  Nimrod,  The:  see  Napoleon 
(I)  Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the 
French 

Modoc  Indians,  North  America:  at 
war  with  the  United  States,  24,  904 

Modon,  Greece:  taken  by  the  Rus- 
sians (1770),  15,  178 

Moersbergen  (17th  century),  Dutch 
patriot:  arrest  of,  13,  201 

Moesia,  province  of  the  Roman  Em- 
pire:   occupied    by   the    Ostrogoths, 

17,  16;  settled  by  Servians,  22 
Moffat,  J.  Smith  (19th  century),  Eng- 
lish diplomat:  his  mission  to  Mata- 
beleland,  19,  219 

Moffat,  Robert  (1795-1883),  Scottish 
missionary:  effect  of  his  work  in 
Africa,  19,  215 

Mogador,  Morocco:  bombarded 
(1844),  9,  423 

Moggors-dorf,  Austria-Hungary:  de- 
struction of  (1664),  14,  240 

Mogul  Dynasty,  a  ruling  dynasty  in 
India:  reign  of,  5,   109 

Moguls,  Asiatic  tribe:  invade  India, 
5,  97 

Mohacs  (Mohatz),  Hungary:  battles 
of  (1521),  17,  168,  169;  (1526),  14, 
152,  17,  150;  (1683),  17,  230;  (1687), 

1 8,  303 


Mohammed  (Mahomet)  (ca.  570-632), 
the  founder  of  Islam:  sketch  of,  5, 
88;  genealogy  of,  1,  205;  career  of, 
206,  5,  321;  his  successors  and  the 
spread  of  Islam,  1,  242,  2,  533 

Mohammed  (I)  ben  Abderalman, 
Caliph  of  Cordova,  852-886:  reign 
of,  8,  74 

Mohammed  II,  Caliph  of  Cordova, 
1009:  usurps  throne,  8,  79,  81 

Mohammed  (I)  ben  Alhamar,  King 
of  Granada,  1238-1273:  accession  of, 
8,  103;  reign  of,  104 

Mohammed  II,  King  of  Granada, 
1273-1302:  reign  of,  8,  109 

Mohammed  (III)  Abu  Abdalla,  King 
of  Granada,  1302-1309:  reign  of,  8, 
no 

Mohammed  (IV)  ben  Ismail,  King 
of  Granada,  1325-1333:  reign  of,  8, 
in 

Mohammed  (V)  ben  Yussef,  King  of 
Granada,  1354-1359=  reign  of,  8,  115; 
aids  Pedro  the  Cruel,  170 

Mohammed  (VI)  ben  Yussef,  King 
of  Granada,  1396-1408:  reign  of,  8, 
117 

Mohammed  (Muley)  (VII)  ben  Yus- 
sef, surnamed  El  Hayzari,  King  of 
Granada,  1423-1427,  1429-1445:  reign 
of,  118 

Mohammed  (VIII)  el  Zaquir  (d. 
1445),  King  of  Granada:  reign  of,  8, 
118 

Mohammed  (IX)  ben  Osmin,  King 
of  Granada,  1445:  8,  119 

Mohammed  (X)  ben  Ismail  (d.  1466), 
King  of  Granada:  revolt  of,  8,  119; 
accession  and  reign  of,   120 

Mohammed  (Mahomet)  I,  Sultan  of 
Turkey,  1413-1421;  escapes  from 
Timur  to  Amassia,  14,  50;  contends 
for  sovereignty  with  brothers,  52; 
reign  of,  54;  death  of,  57 

Mohammed  (II)  the  Conqueror  (ca. 
1430-1481),  Sultan  of  Turkey,  1451- 
1481:  reign  of,  14,  71;  conquests  of, 
*>  537;  conquers  Constantinople, 
18,  220;  threatens  Italy,  4,  264;  his 
law  respecting  imperial  fratricide, 
14,  106:  death  of,  14,  87,  17,  164 

Mohammed   III    (d.    1603),   Sultan   of 


GENERAL    INDEX 


473 


Turkey,  I 595-1603:  reign  of,  14, 
204;  death  of,  209 

Mohammed  IV  (ca.  1641-1691),  Sul- 
tan of  Turkey  1648-1687:  accession 
of,  14,  227;  attacks  Vienna,  18,  303; 
deposed,  14,  251 

Mohammed  (early  18th  century),  a 
Mogul  shah:  defeated  by  the  Per- 
sians, 5,  353 

Mohammed  (15th  century),  a  Turkish 
prince,  son  of  Murad:  becomes  tem- 
porary sovereign,  14,  64,  68 

Mohammed  (ca.  8th  century),  an 
early  Mohammedan  leader:  receives 
the  homage  of  the  discontented 
party,  1,  339 

Mohammed,  Mollah  (19th  century),  a 
Mohammedan  religious  fanatic:  in- 
cites insurrection  in  the  Caucasus, 
15,  298 

Mohammed,  Sad  (Mirza)  Ali:  see  Sad 
(Mirza)  Ali  Mohammed 

Mohammed  Abu  Abdalla,  surnamed 
Alnassir,  Emir  of  Cordova,  1199- 
1213:  reign  of,  8,  100;  defeated  at 
Tolosa,  148 

Mohammed  Ali  (18th  century),  Na- 
bob of  Arcot:  claims  throne  of  Ar- 
cot,  5,  180;  made  nabob  (1749),  20, 
119 

Mohammed  Ali  (Mehemet  Ali)  (1769- 

•  1849),  Viceroy  of  Egypt,  called  The 
Napoleon  of  the  East:  account  of, 
14,  408;  his  campaign  against  the 
Greeks,  417;  assists  Turks,  2,  543; 
aims  at  Turkish  sovereignty,  14, 
433;  reign  of,  19,  267;  sketch  of,  1, 

37 

Mohammed  Ali  (Karl  Detroit)  (1807- 
1865),  a  Turkish  military  leader: 
commands  in  Bulgaria,  14,  481,  15, 
334;  at  Berlin  Congress,  487;  re- 
bels against  Turkey,  15,  289;  com- 
pelled to  make  peace,  293 

Mohammed  Almoateded  (nth  cen- 
tury), King  of  Seville:  reign  of,  8, 
86 

Mohammed  Baltadji  (early  18th  cen- 
tury), Grand  Vizier  of  Turkey: 
made  vizier,  15,  58;  defeats  Peter 
the  Great,  16,  221;  deposed,  14,  284 

Mohammed  ben  Abdalla  (early  nth 
century),  King  of  Carmona:  at  war 


with  Mohammed  ben  Ismail  ben 
Abid,  8,  85 

Mohammed  ben  Abdalla,  surnamed 
Almansor  (939-1002),  Prime  Minis- 
ter of  Cordova:  regent  of  Cordova, 
8,  78;  his  campaigns  against  Leon, 
138;  his  conquests  in  Portugal,  272 

Mohammed  ben  Abdalla  (late  9th  cen- 
tury), a  prince  of  Mohammedan 
Spain:  rebellion  of,  8,  75 

Mohammed  ben  Abdalla  (d.  1129),  a 
Moorish  warrior  and  prophet:  re- 
bellion of,  8,  92 

Mohammed  ben  Ferag  (early  14th 
century),  uncle  of  Mohammed  IV, 
King  of  Granada:  revolt  of,  8,  112 

Mohammed  ben  Gehwar,  King  of  Cor- 
dova, 1044-1060:  reign  of,  8,  86 

Mohammed  ben  Hamed  (early  16th 
century),  a  Mohammedan  chief: 
leads  rebellion  against  Portuguese 
ruler  in  Africa,  8,  333 

Mohammed  ben  Humeya  (16th  cen- 
tury), proclaimed  king  of  the  Mo- 
riscos,  8,  367 

Mohammed  ben  Ismail  ben  Abid 
(early  nth  century),  King  of  Se- 
ville: defeats  Yahia,  8,  82;  assumes 
the  powers  of  royalty,  85 

Mohammed  ben  Mohammed  (16th 
century),  King  of  West  Morocco: 
reign  of,  8,  437 

Mohammed  Hasan  Khan  (18th  cen- 
tury), a  Persian  chief:  reign  of,  5, 

355 

Mohammed  Khusruf  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), a  Turkish  military  leader: 
driven  from  Cairo,   1,  37 

Mohammed  Mirza,  Shah  of  Persia, 
1832-1848:  defeated  by  Russians,  5, 
359;  reign  of,  360 

Mohammed  Nedim  (19th  century), 
Grand  Vizier  of  Turkey:  reaction- 
ary ministry  of,  14,  473;  dismissed, 

475 
Mohammed  of  Ghor  (early  nth  cen- 
tury), an  Afghan  chief:  career  of,  5, 

94 
Mohammed  Sughlak,  Sultan  of  India, 

1325-1351:  reign  of,  5,  101 
Mohammedan  Anglo -Oriental  College, 

Aligarh,  India:  opened,  5,  256 
Mohammedan    Law:    sources    of,    14, 


474 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


89;  civil  equality  under,  97;  im- 
proved by  Suleiman  the  Great,  184; 
see  also  Government 

Mohammedan  Rebellion,  The  (1851): 
account  of,  6,  210 

Mohammedans,  followers  of  Moham- 
med: rise  of  14,  4;  invade  Egypt, 
1,  6;  conquer  Egypt  (639-641  A. 
D-).  *»  355  conquer  India,  5,  88;  per- 
secuted under  T'ang  Dynasty,  6, 
15;  tolerated  by  Kublai  Khan,  23; 
establish  themselves  in  Yunnan, 
210;  attitude  of  Chinese  toward, 
228;  crusades  against,  2,  535;  in 
modern  Greece,  548 

Mohatz:  see  Mohacs 

Mohican  Indians,  North  America: 
treaty  with  Plymouth,  23,  92 

Mohilev  (Mohileff),  Russia:  battles 
of  (1708),  15,  49;  (1812),  10,  485 

Moimir  I  (9th  century  A.  D.),  King 
of  Moravia:  founds  dynasty,  17,  30 

Moimir  II  (ca.  900  A.  D.),  King  of 
Moravia:  reign  of,  17,  36 

Moira,  Francis  Rawdon-Hastings, 
Earl  of:  see  Hastings,  Francis  Raw- 
don-Hastings, Marquis  of 

Mokawkas  (ca.  640  A.  D.),  Egyptian 
ruler:  pays  tribute  to  the  Saracens, 

It  293 

Moldavia,  eastern  Europe:  revolts  un- 
der Murad  III,  14,  204;  seeks  peace 
with  Turkey,  208;  relation  to  Tur- 
key, 365;  occupied  by  the  Dacians, 
17,  11;  invaded  by  the  Slavs,  19 

Mole,  Edward  (16th  century),  French 
statesman:  advises  refusal  of  the 
claims  of  Philip  II  of  Spain  to  the 
throne  of  France,  9,  168 

Mole,  Louis  Matthieu,  Count  (1781- 
1855),  French  politician:  made  min- 
ister for  foreign  affairs,  9,  396;  min- 
istry of,  410;  attempts  to  form  a 
ministry,  432 

Molino  del  Rey,  Mexico:  battle  of 
(1847),  22,  363,  24,  550 

Mollendo,  Peru:  blockaded  (1879),  31, 
235 

Mollendorf,  Richard  Johann  Heinrich 
von  (1724-1816),  Prussian  field  mar- 
shal: in  Poland,  15,  189 

Molleville,    Bertrand    de    (1744-1818), 


French  statesman:  chief  tool  of  the 
court,  10,  160 

Mollie  Maguires,  The,  a  secret  society 
among  the  mining  laborers  of 
Pennsylvania:  sketch  of,  24,  918 

Mollwitz  (Molwitz),  Silesia:  battle 
of  (1741),  9,  237,  18,  329 

Molokani,  Russian  sect:  description 
of,  15,  34 

Moltke,  Count  Helmuth  Karl  Bern- 
hard  von,  a  noted  Prussian  general: 
born  in  Mecklenburg,  1800;  was  ap- 
pointed major-general,  1856,  and 
lieutenant-general,  1859;  was  chief 
of  the  royal  staff  and  originated  the 
plan  of  campaign,  which  culminated 
in  the  victory  of  Sadowa,  1866; 
commanded  the  armies  in  France, 
1870,  and  won  many  victories;  be- 
came count,  1870;  was  appointed 
chief  marshal  of  the  German  Em- 
pire, 1871;  received  the  order  of  St. 
George  from  the  Czar;  died  April 
24,  1 89 1 

In  the  Sleswig-Holstein  War,  16, 
271;  at  the  battle  of  Sadowa  (1866), 
J7,  392;  prepares  for  war  with 
France,  18,  417,  420;  in  the  Franco- 
Prussian  War,  9,  463,  18,  423; 
quoted,  14,  421,  427,  480 

Molucca  Islands,  Malay  Archipelago: 
conquered  by  the  Dutch  (1607),  20, 
57;  annexed  to  British  empire 
(1810),  5,  205 

Molvitz  or  Molwitz:  see  Mollwitz 

Molyneux,  William  (1656-1698),  an 
Irish  philosopher:  leader  of  Parlia- 
mentary struggles,  12,  170 

Mombasa,  Africa:  improved  by  Eng- 
lish, 19,  186 

Momemphis,  Egypt:  battle  of,  1,  32 

Mommu,  Emperor  of  Japan,  697-708: 
accession  of,  7,  30 

Monagas,  Gregorio  (1795-1858),  Vene- 
zuelan soldier  and  politician:  made 
president  of  Venezuela,  21,  96 

Monagas,  J.  R.  (d.  1868),  Venezuelan 
politician:  made  president  of  Vene- 
zuela, 21,  103 

Monagas,  Tadeo  (1784-1868),  Vene- 
zuelan general  and  politician:  made 
president  of  Venezuela,  21,  95 


GENERAL    INDEX 


475 


Monarch,  The  Merry:  see  Charles  II, 
King  of  England 

Monarch,  The  Uncrowned:  see  O'Con- 
nell,  Daniel 

Monarque,  Le  Grand:  see  Louis  XIV, 
King  of  France 

Monastaries  in  England:  suppression 
of,  II,  255 

Moncada,  Spain:  siege  of  (1234),  8, 
241 

Moncey,  Bon  Adrien  Jeannot  de 
(1754-1842),  French  officer:  made 
marshal  of  the  empire,  9,  322; 
made  member  of  Louis  XVIII's 
council,  355 

Monck,  Viscount  (late  19th  century), 
English  statesman:  governor-gen- 
eral of  Canada,  1861-1867,  20,  161 

Monckton,  Robert  (1 726-1 782),  Eng- 
lish officer:  victories  over  the 
French  (1755),  23,  180;  takes  Mar- 
tinique, 20,  118 

Monclova,  Conde  de  (late  17th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  statesman:  made 
viceroy  of  New  Spain,  22,  179 

Moncon,  Treaty  of,  an  agreement  be- 
tween France  and  Spain  by  which 
the  Valtelline  was  restored  to  the 
Grisons   (1625),  9,  183 

Moncontour,  France:  battle  of  (1570), 
9,  156 

Mondejar,  Marquis  of  (late  15th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  statesman:  presents 
petition  of  Moriscos  to  Philip  II, 
8,  366 

Mondovi,  Italy:  battle  of  (1796),  9, 
298 

Mondragon,  Christopher  (late  16th 
century),  Spanish  officer:  at  the 
siege  of  Middleburg,  13,  116 

Money:  see  Coins  and  Coinage 

Money,  J.  W.  B.  (early  19th  century), 
English  geographer:  influences 
thought  concerning  the  Dutch  East 
Indies,  20,  290 

Mongolian  Bonaparte,  The:  see  Timur 
the  Lame 

Mongols,  Asiatic  race:  main  treat- 
ment of,  6,  17;  wrest  territory  from 
Turks,  14,  10;  defeated  by  Ertog- 
hrul  in  attack  on  Alaeddin,  10;  de- 
feated by  Orkhan,  17;  invade  Hun- 


gary, 17,  57;  invade  Moravia,  70; 
see  also  Tatars 

"Monitor,"  American  war-ship:  de- 
scribed, 34,  755;  naval  duel  with 
"  Merrimac,"    756 

Monk  (Monck),  George,  Duke  of 
Albemarle  (1608-1670),  English 
general:  his  campaign  in  Scotland, 
iz>  343;  in  the  war  with  the  Dutch, 
13,  230,  234;  forces  the  dissolution 
of  the  Long  Parliament,  11,  374;  re- 
stores   Charles   II    of   England,    12, 

344 

Monk  of  Eisleben,  The:  see  Luther, 
Martin 

Monk  of  Wittenberg,  The:  see  Luther, 
Martin 

Monmouth,  New  Jersey:  battle  of 
(1778),  23,  263 

Monmouth,  James  Fitzroy,  Duke  of 
(1649-1685),  pretender  to  the  Eng- 
lish throne:  his  campaign  against 
the  Scots,  11,  409,  12,  348;  impli- 
cated in  the  Rye  House  Plot,  11, 
414;  exiled  to  Holland,  415;  rebellion 
of,  11,  422,  12,  350 

Monocacy,  Maryland:  battle  of  (1864), 
24,  792 

Monomotapa,  Treaty  of,  agreement 
concluded  between  Portugal  and  the 
African  state  of  Monomotapa 
(1630),  19,  24 

Monongahela  River,  United  States: 
bounds  French  claims,  23,  168 

Mononobe-no-Moriya  (6th  century  A. 
D.),  Japanese  statesman:  feud  with 
Soga-no-Umako,  7,   19 

Mononobe-no-Okoshi  (6th  century  A. 
D.),  Japanese  statesman:  opposes 
the  acceptance  of  Buddhism,  7,  15 

Monro,  General  (17th  century),  Irish 
officer:  leader  of  the  Irish  Protes- 
tants, 12,  118 

Monroe,  James,  an  American  states- 
man and  the  fifth  President  of  the 
United  States:  born  in  Virginia, 
April  28,  1758;  was  educated  at  Wil- 
liam and  Mary  College;  entered  the 
army  as  a  cadet  and  finally  became 
aide-de-camp  to  Lord  Sterling; 
served  in  Revolutionary  War; 
elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly 


476 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


of  Virginia,  1782,  and  of  the  Gen- 
eral Congress,  1783;  was  elected 
Senator  of  the  United  States  from 
Virginia,  1790;  was  sent  to  France 
as  minister-plenipotentiary,  1794; 
was  Governor  of  Virginia,  1799- 
1802;  went  to  France  as  envoy-ex- 
traordinary, 1802,  to  help  negotiate 
for  the  purchase  of  Louisiana;  was 
elected  Governor  of  Virginia,  181 1, 
and  was  Secretary  of  State,  181 1- 
1817;  and  Secretary  of  War,  1814- 
1815;  became  President  of  the 
United  States,  1816,  and  was  re- 
elected, 1820;  was  the  author  of  the 
famous  Monroe  Doctrine;  retired, 
1825,  to  Oak  Hill,  Virginia;  was 
chosen  president  of  the  convention 
to  revise  the  Constitution  of  Vir- 
ginia; died  in  New  York,  July  4, 
1831 

Graduates  from  College  of  Wil- 
liam and  Mary,  23,  142;  member 
of  Virginia  ratification  committee, 
336;  recalled  from  France,  373;  ap- 
pointed to  act  in  Louisiana  Pur- 
chase, 396;  envoy  to  Great  Britain, 
409;  candidate  for  Presidency,  413; 
nominated  for  President,  434; 
sketch  of,  434;  veto  on  Cumberland 
Road,  441;  advocates  protective  tar- 
iff, 456;  sentiment  prevents  unan- 
imous reelection,  459;  views  on  in- 
ternal improvements,  488 

Monroe  Doctrine,  a  declaration  made 
by  President  Monroe  to  the  effect 
that  "  the  American  continents 
.  .  .  are  henceforth  not  to  be 
considered  as  subjects  for  coloniza- 
tion by  any  European  power " 
(1823):  compared  with  Washington's 
Farewell  Address,  23,  369;  account 
of,  448;  status  of,  448;  French  occu- 
pation of  Mexico,  24,  876,  877;  the 
Venezuelan  affair,  1000;  in  Republi- 
can platform  (1904),  1063;  Roose- 
velt's conception  of,  1067,  1073,  1077 

Mons,  Belgium:  siege  of  (1572),  13, 
113;  battle  of  (1678),  241;  siege  of 
(1691),  245;  battle  of  (1793),  10, 
276 

Monscato,  Portugal:  battle  of,  8,  393 


Mons-en-Puelle,  Belgium:  battle  of 
(1304),  9,  187 

Monserrat,  one  of  the  Antilles:  dis- 
covered, 31,  9 

Monserrat,  Joaquim  de,  Marques  de 
Cruillas  (18th  century),  Spanish 
statesman,  viceroy  of  New  Spain, 
1760-1766:  his  administration,  22, 
200 

Monsieur,  Peace  of,  agreement  con- 
cluded between  the  French  govern- 
ment and  the  Protestant  reformers 
(1576),  9,  159 

Monsieur  Veto:  see  Louis  XVI,  King 
of  France 

Monstrelet,  Enguerrand  de  (1590- 
I453),  French  chronicler:  sketch  of, 
13,  62 

Mont  Lugon,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  be- 
tween the  Consulate  and  the  leaders 
of  the   insurrection    (1800),    10,  441 

Mont  Pelee,  Martinique,  West  Indies: 
eruption  of  (1902),  20,  271 

Montagu,  Sir  Edward,  Earl  of  Man- 
chester (Lord  Kimbolton  and 
Viscount  Mandeville)  (1602-1671), 
English  general  and  statesman:  im- 
peached, 11,  343 

Montague,  Charles,  Earl  of  Halifax 
(1661-1715),  English  statesman: 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  11, 
441;  restores  the  currency,  444;  re- 
signs his  office,  447;  impeached,  450 

Montague,  John  Nevill,  Marquis  of: 
see  Nevill,  John,  Marquis  of  Mon- 
tague and  Earl  of  Northumberland 

Montague,  Richard  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), English  clergyman:  im- 
peached, 11,  326 

Montague,  Thomas  de:  see  Salisbury, 
Earl  of 

Montalembert,  Charles  Forbes,  Count 
(1810-1870),  French  author:  opposes 
the  September  Laws,  9,  408 

Montalivet,  Camille  de,  Comte  (1801- 
1880),  French  statesman:  becomes 
minister  of  the  interior,  9,  401;  made 
minister  of  the  interior  in  Mole's 
cabinet,  412 

Montalvan,  Spain:  captured  by  Pedro 
II  of  Aragon,  8,  237 

Montana,   one   of   the   United    States, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


477 


means  "Mountainous":  affected  by- 
Missouri  Compromise,  23,  456;  part 
of  Northwest  Territory,  24,  631; 
discovery  of  gold,  901;  admitted  to 
the  Union,  985;  Presidential  election 
of  1900,   1040 

Montanez,  Juan  de  Ortega  (late  17th 
century),  Bishop  of  Michoacan: 
made  viceroy  of  Mexico,  22,  183; 
made  viceroy  a  second  time,  185 

Montauban,  France:  siege  of  (1621), 
9,  181 

Montauban,  Count  of  Palikao  (late 
19th  century),  French  general:  his 
expedition  to  China,  9,  451;  minis- 
try of,  464 

Montauk,  Long  Island,  New  York: 
recuperation  camp  for  soldiers  es- 
tablished, 24,  1030 

Montayno,  Jose  (early  19th  century), 
Mexican  insurgent:  leads  revolt,  22, 
266 

Montcalm,  Gozon  de  Saint-Veran 
Louis  Joseph,  Marquis  de  (1712- 
I759)»  French  officer:  commander- 
in-chief  of  French  forces  in  Amer- 
ica, 11,  500,  23,  184;  captures  Fort 
William  Henry  (1757),  23,  186;  at 
the  battle  of  Quebec  (1759),  20, 
118,  23,  193;  death  of,  11,   500,  23, 

.  197 

Monte  Caseros,  Argentine  Republic, 
South  America:  battle  of  (1852),  21, 
127 

Monte  Rotondo,  Italy:  battle  of 
(1867),  4,  392 

Monteagudo,  Don  Pedro  Sanchez  de 
(13th  century),  Spanish  statesman: 
regent  of  Navarre,  8,  207 

Montebello,  Italy:  battles  of  (1800), 
9,  316,  10,  439;  (1859),  4,  373,  9,  450 

Montecuccoli  (Montecuculi),  Count 
Raimondo,  Duke  of  Melfi  (1608- 
1680),  Austrian  general:  account  of 
14,  237;  campaigns  of,  18,  301;  his 
campaign  against  the  Turks,  17, 
228;  at  battle  of  Saint-Gothard,  9, 
208;  his  campaign  against  the 
French,  211 

Monteil,  Colonel  (late  19th  century), 
French  officer:  his  campaign  in 
Africa,  19,  151 


Monteil  Terrier  (late  18th  century), 
French  statesman:  made  minister  of 
the  interior,  10,  176 

Montejo,  Francisco  (early  16th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  voyager:  his  con- 
quest of  Yucatan,  22,  424 

Montemart,  Duke  of  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), French  statesman:  ordered  to 
form  a  ministry,  9,  391 

Montenegro,  Balkan  Peninsula:  trou- 
bles in,  14,  448;  declares  war  against 
Turkey   (1876),   17,  419 

Montenegro  (late  16th  century),  Span- 
ish soldier:  defends  Amiens,  13,  164 

Montenotte,  Italy:  battle  of  (1796),  9, 
298,  17,  282 

Montereau,  France:  battle  of  (1814), 
9,  346,  10,  491,  18,  387 

Monterey,  California:  a  constitutional 
convention  meets  at,  24,  598 

Monterey,  Mexico:  founded,  22,  142; 
siege  of  (1846),  22,  291,  24,  548 

Monterroso,  Spain:  battle  of  (982  A. 
D.),  8,  137 

Montes,  Jose  Miguel  Garcia  (living), 
Cuban  statesman:  chosen  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  22,  468 

Montes,  Ysmael  (living),  Bolivian 
statesman:  president  of  Bolivia 
(1904 ),  21,  243 

Montesquien,  Charles  de  Secondat, 
Baron  de  la  Brede  et  de  (1689-1755), 
French  author  and  statesman: 
sketch  of,  10,  13;  his  writings  a 
source  of  United  States  Constitu- 
tion, 23,  330 

Montesquion,  Abbe  de  (early  19th 
century),  French  statesman:  mem- 
ber of  provisional  government,  9, 
349;  made  minister  of  the  interior, 
356 

Montesquion,  Marshal  of  (early  18th 
century),  governor  of  Brittany:  his 
government  of  Brittany,  9,  230 

Monteverde,  Juan  Domingo  (1772(F)- 
1823),  Spanish  general:  reconquers 
Venezuela  for  Spain,  21,  60 

Montevideo,  Uruguay,  South  Amer- 
ica: blockaded  by  an  English  squad- 
ron (1804-1807),  21,  57;  taken  by 
the  revolutionists  (1814),  64;  an- 
nexed to  Brazil,  120;  description  of, 


478 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


137;  blockaded  by  the  English  and 
French  fleets   (1842),   139;  progress 

of,  145 

Montezuma  II  (1477-1520),  Emperor 
of  Mexico,  1502-1520:  communicates 
with  Cortez,  22,  16;  meets  Cortez, 
22;  submission  of,  22,  25,  23,  39; 
death  of,  22,  38 

Montezuma,  Jose  Sarmiento  y  Valla- 
dares,  Conde  de  (late  17th  century), 
viceroy  of  Mexico:  made  viceroy, 
22,  184 

Montfort,  John  de  (John  IV)  (1293- 
1345),  Duke  of  Brittany,  1341- 
1345:  at  war  with  Charles  of  Blois, 

9,  93 

Montfort,  John  de  (John  V),  Duke  of 
Brittany,  1364-1399:  plans  assassina- 
tion of  Clisson  (1392),  9,  108 

Montfort,  Simon,  Count  de  (d.  1218), 
French  soldier,  called  the  French 
Maccabaeus:  his  crusade  against  the 
Albigenses,  8,  238,  9,  78 

Montfort,  Simon  de,  Earl  of  Leicester 
(1208-1265),  English  soldier  and 
statesman:  his  early  career,  11,  134; 
joins  baronial  party  against  the 
king,  136;  surrenders  his  castles, 
138;  takes  arms  against  king,  139; 
made  elector,  140;  defeated  at  Eve- 
sham, 141 

Montgomery,  Alabama:  first  Confed- 
erate congress  meets  at,  24,  692; 
capital  of  Confederacy,  693 

Montgomery,  Gabriel  (ca.  1530-1574) 
French    commander:    death    of,    9 

159 

Montgomery,      Richard      (1736-177S) 
Irish-American    soldier,    called    Th 
Wolf    of    America:    captures    Mon- 
treal, 23,  234;  death  of,  235 

Montgomery,  Sir  Robert  (1 809-1 887), 
British  administrator  in  India: 
sketch  of,  5,  222 

Monti,  Vincenzo  (1754-1828),  Italian 
poet:  sketch  of,  4,  409 

Monticello,  Virginia:  home  of  Jeffer- 
son, 23,  384 

Montiel,  Spain:  battle  of  (1369),  9, 
104 

Montigny,  Florence  de  Montmorency 
Baron   de    (16th    century),    Flemish 


nobleman:  ambassador  to  Spain,  13, 

90 
Montlhery,    France:   battle   of   (1465), 

9,   122 
Montlosier      (early      19th      century), 

French     statesman:      opposes     the 

Jesuits,  9,  384 
Montluc,  Blaise  de  Laiseran-Massen- 

come,     Seigneur     de      (1501-1577), 

French  marshal:  at  siege  of  Sienna, 

9,  147 

Montmartre,  France:  storming  of 
(1814),  is,  262 

Montmedy,  France:  camp  established 
at,  by  General  Bouille,  for  the  re- 
ception of  the  king,  10,  137 

Montmirail,  France:  battle  of  (1814), 
9,  346,  15,  261 

Montmirail,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  which 
ended  the  contest  over  the  dowry 
of  the  infant  daughter  of  Louis  VII 
of  France  on  her  marriage  to  the 
son  of  Henry  II  of  England  (1169), 

9,  74 

Montmorency,  Anne,  Due  de  (1493- 
1567),  French  soldier,  called  The 
Fabius  of  France:  saves  Mezieres, 
9,  138;  influence  of,  over  Henry  II 
of  France,  145;  plots  against  the 
Guises,  149;  plots  a  massacre  of  the 
Protestants,  9,  154 

Montmorency,  Henry  II,  Duke  of 
(1595-1632),  French  soldier:  re- 
bellion and  death  of,  9,  188 

Montmorency,  Viscount  Matthieu  de 
(1766-1821),  French  statesman: 
made  minister  for  foreign  affairs,  9, 
378;  at  the  Congress  of  Verona,  379 

Montmorin,  Armand  Marc,  Comte  de 
(1745-1792),  French  statesman: 
commissioned  by  the  assembly  to 
inform  the  European  powers  of  its 
pacific  intentions,  10,  137 

Montojo,  Admiral  (late  19th  century), 
Spanish  naval  officer:  at  battle  of 
Manilla  Bay,  8,  520,  24,  1028 

Montoku,  Emperor  of  Japan,  9th  cen- 
tury A.  D. :  birth  of,  7,  45 

Montpensier,  Anne  Marie  Louise  d' 
Orleans,  Duchesse  de  (1627-1693), 
French  partisan:  aids  Conde,  9,  204 

Montpensier,  Antoine  Marie  Philippe 


GENERAL    INDEX 


479 


Louis  d'Orleans,  Due  de  (1824- 
1890),  French  soldier:  marries 
Louisa  of  Spain,  8,  501 

Montpensier,  Gilbert  de  (late  15th 
century),  French  soldier:  made  vice- 
roy of  Italy,  9,  131 

Montreal,  Canada:  attempt  to  settle, 
23,  46;  founded,  20,  82;  taken  by  the 
English  (1760),  118;  made  seat  of 
Canadian  government,  158;  plan  to 
attack,  23,  158;  failure  of  attack  on 
(1690),  159;  in  French  claims,  168; 
surrenders  to  English  (1760),  197; 
captured  by  General  Montgomery 
(1775),  234 

Montrose,  James  Graham,  Marquis  of 
(1612-1650),  Scottish  general:  re- 
bellion of,  II,  352,  12,  337 ■;  death  of, 
12,  342 

Monts,  Pierre  de,  French  Huguenot 
explorer:  receives  grant  of  Acadia, 
20,  83,  23,  49 

Montsabert  (late  18th  century), 
French  jurist:  arrest  of,  9,  259 

Montt,  Jorje  (late  19th  century),  Chil- 
ian statesman:  chosen  president  of 
Chili,  21,  239;  administration  of, 
240 

Montt,  Manuel  (early  19th  century), 
Chilian  statesman:  administration 
of,  as  president,  21,  218 

Monzon,  Spain:  siege  of  (1089),  8, 
232 

Mookerheyde,      Holland:     battle      of 

(1574),  13,  117 

Moore,  Sir  Garrett  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), English  diplomat:  his  mission 
to  Hugh  O'Neill,  12,  106 

Moore,  Sir  John  (1761-1809),  British 
general:  aids  Sweden,  16,  251;  his 
campaign  in  the  Spanish  peninsula, 
8,  486,  529,  9,  334,  11,  563 

Moore,  Thomas  (1779-1852),  Irish 
poet:  effect  of  his  writings  on  Cath- 
olic emancipation,  12,  222 

Moore's  Creek,  North  Carolina:  bat- 
tle of  (1776),  23,  236 

Mopsuestia,  Asia  Minor:  siege  of,  1, 
368 

Moquya,  Valley  of,  Chili:  occupied 
by  the  Chilians  (1880),  21,  236 

Mora,  Mexico:  massacre  of  (1847), 
22,  305 


Mora  y  Villamil,  General  (early  19th 
century),  Mexican  officer:  concludes 
an  armistice  with  General  Scott,  22, 
352 

Moraes  Barros,  Prudente  de  (late  19th 
century),  Brazilian  statesman,  pres- 
ident of  Brazil,  1894-1898:  election, 
21,  254 

Morales  (living),  president  of  the  Do- 
minican republic:  seeks  aid  from 
the  United  States,  22,  504 

Morales,  Agustin  (late  19th  century), 
South  American  statesman:  presi- 
dent of  Bolivia  (1871-1873),  21,  190 

Morat  Murten,  Switzerland:  battles  of 
(1476),  9,  124,  13,  47,  408,  18,  218; 
(1802),  13,  518;  insurrection  in 
(1830),  535 

Morat,  Peace  of,  agreement  by  which 
Rudolf  III  of  Hapsburg  acquired 
the  domains  of  the  Kiburgs  (1267), 
13,  361 

Morava,   river    of   Austria:   battle   of, 

17.  73 

Moravia,  south-eastern  Europe:  relics 
of  the  stone  age  found  in,  17,  10; 
occupied  by  the  Marcomanni,  13; 
the  Slav  apostles,  29;  invaded  by 
the  Magyars,  34;  conquered  by  the 
Magyars,  42;  part  of,  conquered  by 
Hungary,  47;  invaded  by  the  Mon- 
gols, 70;  joined  to  duchy  of  Austria, 
106;  invaded  by  the  king  of  Poland, 
142;  united  to  Hungary  (1475),  163; 
under  the  Counter-Reformation,  17. 
209;  citizens  of,  as  American  colo- 
nists, 23,  127;  in  the  struggle 
against  the  French  Revolution,  17, 
286;  under  the  dual  system  of  gov- 
ernment, 404 

Moravian  Brothers,  religious  sect  in 
Moravia  in  the  15th  century:  rise  of, 

17,  145 

Moray,  Randolf,  Earl  of  (d.  1332), 
Scotch  nobleman:  created  earl,  12, 
282;  made  regent  of  Scotland,  285 

Morbegno,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1635),  9,   191 

Mordaunt,  Charles,  Earl  of  Peter- 
borough (1658-1735),  an  English 
general  and  admiral:  his  campaign 
in  Spain,  8,  394,  9,  222,  13,  250 

More,    James     (early    18th    century), 


480 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


English  soldier  in  the  American 
colonies:   repels  Tuscaroras,  23,   74 

More,  Sir  Thomas  (1480-1535),  Eng- 
lish scholar  and  statesman:  his 
'  Utopia,"  II,  239;  knighted  and 
made  a  Privy  Councilor,  240; 
speaker  of  Parliament,  241;  Renais- 
sance and,  243;  sketch  of,  249;  im- 
prisoned, 254;  death  of,  255 

Morea,  The,  Greece:  lost  by  Venice, 
14,  286;  in  Peace  of  Passarowitz, 
291;  recovered  by  Turkey,  2,  536, 
14,  344;  revolts  from  Turks,  2,  542; 
evacuated  by  Turks,  545 

Moreau,  Jean  Victor  (1761-1813), 
French  soldier:  his  campaign 
against  the  allied  forces,  9,  289,  18, 
3S9>  364;  his  campaign  against  the 
Austrians,  9,  299;  appointed  by  Bon- 
aparte to  command  the  army  of 
the  Rhine,  10,  438;  his  campaigns 
under  the  consulate,  9,  316;  his  cam- 
paign in  western  Germany,  17,  285; 
plots  against  Napoleon's  life,  9,  321 

Morell,  P.  Gall  (late  19th  century), 
Swiss  chaplain:  sketch  of,  13,  584 

Morelos  y  Pavon,  Jose  Maria  (1765- 
1815),  Mexican  patriot:  in  Hidalgo's 
rebellion,  22,  241;  sketch  of,  242; 
death  of,  246 

Moreno,  Gabriel  Garcia  (1821-1875), 
Ecuadorian  politician:  made  presi- 
dent of  Ecuador,  21,  111;  sketch  of, 
in;  second  administration  of,  116; 
death  of,  116,  244 

Moret  (living),  Spanish  statesman: 
forms  cabinet,  8,  522 

Moret  Law,  abolished  slavery  in  Cuba 
for  all  negroes  born  after  1868 
(1870),  20,  327 

Morey  Letter,  The,  a  forged  letter 
purporting  to  have  been  written  by 
General  Garfield  advocating  Chinese 
immigration  (1876),  24,  931 

Morgan,  Daniel  (1736-1802),  Ameri- 
can soldier:  estimate  of,  23,  234;  in 
the  Southern  campaign,  279;  at  bat- 
tle of  Cowpens,  281;  at  battle  of 
Guilford  Court  House,  281 

Morgan,  Sir  Henry  (ca.  1637-1690), 
Welsh  buccaneer:  captures  Porto 
Bello  and  Panama,  20,  69 


Morgan,  Sir  Thomas  (d.  ca.  1679), 
English  soldier:  his  campaign  in  the 
Highlands,  12,  344 

Morgan,  William  (ca.  1775-1826), 
American  mechanic:  and  Masonic 
order,  23,  498 

Morgarten,  mountain  in  Switzerland: 
battle  of  (1315),  called  The  Mara- 
thon of  Switzerland,  13,  364,  18, 
187;  battle  of  (1798),  13,  514 

Morgen,  Kurt  Ernst  (1858 ),  Ger- 
man explorer:  his  expedition  in 
Africa,  19,   178 

Mori  Motonari  (16th  century),  Japa- 
nese financier:  provides  coronation 
expenses  for  Emperor  Ogimachi,  7, 
100 

Mori  Terumoto  (late  16th  century), 
Japanese  statesman:  member  of 
council  of  state,  7,  114;  at  battle  of 
Sekizahara,  123 

Mori  Yoshichika,  Lord  of  Choshu 
(19th  century),  Japanese  baron:  at- 
tempts to  restore  tranquillity  to 
Japan,  7,  161;  expelled  from  Kyoto, 
163 

Moriale  Monreal,  Fra  (d.  1354),  Ital- 
ian freebooter:  leader  of  band  of 
robbers,   4,   252 

Morier  (early  19th  century),  English 
statesman:  negotiates  Treaty  of 
Teheran,  5,  360 

Morillo,  Pablo  (1777-1838),  Spanish 
general:  captures  Cartagena,  21,  64; 
recalled  from  South  America,  72; 
quiets    disturbances    at    Madrid,    8, 

495 

Morinaga,  Prince  (early  14th  century), 
son  of  Japanese  Emperor  Godaigo: 
made  abbot  of  Emyaku-ji,  7,  84;  his 
campaigns  against  the  Hojo,  85; 
fate  of,  87 

Morifiigo  (living),  Paraguayan  states- 
man: president  of  Paraguay,  21,  260 

Moriscos,  Moors  Christianized  by 
force:  revolt  of  (1567),  8,  366;  ex- 
pelled from  Spain   (1611),  20,  104 

Moritz,  Landgraf  of  Hesse  (late  16th 
century),  German  evangelical 
prince:  Charles  IX's  relations  with, 
16,   172 

Moritzburg,    Saxony,   palace   built  by 


GENERAL    INDEX 


481 


Frederick  Augustus,  Elector  of  Sax- 
ony: erection  of,  18,  306 

Morley  Act,  an  act  which  gave  greater 
advantages  in  applying  the  Balfour 
act  of  1891    (1896),  12,  242  note 

Mormons,  a  religious  sect  founded  by 
Joseph   Smith:    account   of,   24,   981 

Mormont,  France:  battle  of  (1814),  9, 
346 

Morner,  Baron  Karl  Otto  (early  19th 
century),  Scandinavian  diplomat: 
mission  of,  16,  253 

Morning  Star  of  Reformation,  The: 
see  Wycliffe,  John 

Morny,  Charles  Auguste  Louis  Joseph, 
Duke  of  (1811-1865),  French  politi- 
cian: assists  schemes  of  Napoleon 
III,  9,  442 

Morocco,  Africa:  siege  of,  8,  97; 
French  claims  in,  19,  246;  immunity 
purchased  from,  23,  394 

Morosini,  Francesco  (1618-1694),  Ve- 
netian general:  his  campaign  against 
the  Turks,  4,  325,  14,  243;  conquests 
in  the  Morea,  14,  251,  256;  death  of, 
285 

Moroto  (early  19th  century),  Spanish 
soldier:  leader  of  Carlists,  8,  498 

Morris,  Gouverneur  (1752-1816) 
American  statesman:  graduates 
from  King's  College,  23,  140;  in 
Constitutional  Convention,  324;  pre- 
pares final  draft  of  Constitution, 
334;  plans  a  decimal  system  of  cur- 
rency, 353 

Morris,   Sir  John   Henry   (1828 ), 

English    statesman:    sketch    of,    5, 
252 

Morris,  Judah  (early  18th  century), 
Hebrew  scholar  in  America:  profes- 
sor of  Hebrew  at  Harvard,  I,  425 

Morris,  Lewis  (1726-1798),  American 
patriot  and  signer  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence:  buys  books 
in    London,   23,    144 

Morris,  Robert,  an  American  financier 
and  statesman,  a  signer  of  the  Dec- 
laration of  Independence:  born  in 
England,  January  20,  1734;  went  to 
America  and  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business;  was  a  delegate  to 
Congress,  1775,  and  signed  the  Dec- 
laration   of    Independence;    became 


superintendent  of  finance,  1781,  and 
was  of  inestimable  service  to  the 
patriots;  staked  his  private  fortune 
as  security  for  supplies;  established 
the  Bank  of  North  America,  1781; 
resigned  his  position,  1784;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention,  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  1787;  was  elected  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States,  1788; 
was  imprisoned  for  debt;  died  in 
Philadelphia,  1806 

Made  Superintendent  of  Finance, 
23,  293;  career  of,  313;  in  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  324;  in  first  Con- 
gress, 342;  offered  office  of  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury,  344 

Morris  Island,  South  Carolina:  bat- 
tery fires  on  "  Star  of  the  West,"  24, 
704 

Morrison,  George  Ernest  (1862 ), 

English  newspaper  correspondent: 
on  substance  of  Chino-Japan  treaty, 
6,  316 

Morrison's  Brigade,  Union  company 
in  the  Civil  War:  at  siege  of  Fort 
Donelson,  24,  744 

Morristown,  New  Jersey:  Washing- 
ton establishes  winter-quarters  at, 
23,  250 

Mortara,  Italy:  battle  of,  4,  174 

Mortensen,  Klaus  (16th  century), 
Danish    cooper:    preaching    of,    16, 

193 

Mortier,  fidouard  Adolphe  Casimir 
Joseph  (1768-1835),  French  mar- 
shal: made  marshal  of  the  empire, 
9,  322;  his  campaign  in  Hanover, 
18,  366;  in  the  retreat  from  Mos- 
cow, 15,  240 

Mortier,  fidouard  Adolphe  Casimir  Jo- 
seph:  see  Trevisa,  Duke  of 

Mortimer,  Edmund,  Earl  of  March 
(ca.  1390-1424),  English  prince: 
heir  to  English  throne,  11,  187;  un- 
der custody,  191;  Henry  V  releases, 
196;  conspires  for  throne,  197 

Mortimer,  Roger,  first  Earl  of  March 
(1287-1330),  English  politician:  con- 
spires against  Edward  II  of  Eng- 
land, 11,  154;  rules  England,  156; 
executed,  156 

Mortimer,  Roger,  Earl  of  March  (d. 


482 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


1387),  English  statesman:  chosen  as 
heir  of  Richard  II,  11,  187;  his  ca- 
reer in  Ireland,  12,  68 

Mortimer's  Cross,  England:  battle  of 
(1461),  11,  212 

Mortmain,  Statute  of,  in  English  his- 
tory, a  statute  forbidding  the  gift 
of  land  to  the  clergy:  enacted 
(1279),  11,  145;  reenacted  (1391), 
183 

Morton,  James  Douglas,  Earl  of 
(1530-1581),  regent  of  Scotland: 
concerned  in  murder  of  Rizzio,  12, 
316;  sponsor  for  James  VI  of  Scot- 
land, 318;  made  regent,  323 

Morton,  J.  Sterling  (1832-1902), 
American  statesman:  Secretary  of 
Agriculture,  24,  993  note 

Morton,     Levi    Parsons     (1824 ), 

American  banker  and  politician: 
nominated  Vice-President,  24,  965 

Morton,  Oliver  Perry  (1823-1877), 
American  senator:  war  governor  of 
Indiana,  24,  818;  candidate  for 
President  (1876),  907;  member  of 
the  Electoral  Commission,  913  note; 
chairman  of  Chinese  immigration 
committee,  921 

Morton,  Thomas  (1590-1645),  English 
colonist  in  America:  names  Merry- 
mount,  23,  85 

Morutzi,  Prince  (ca.  1800),  governor 
of  Wallachia:  deposed  as  hospodar, 
14,  396 

Moscow,  Russia,  called  the  Martyr 
City,  the  City  of  Forty  Times  Forty 
Churches,  the  Jerusalem  of  Russia, 
and  the  Holy  Mother  of  the  Rus- 
sians: captured  by  Jenghiz  Khan,  6, 
18;  burned  by  the  Khan  of  the  Cri- 
mea (1571),  14,  194;  growth  of,  15, 
12;  becomes  the  center  of  the  Greek 
Church,  14;  patriarchate  of,  estab- 
lished, 19;  metropolitan  appointed 
for,  73;  the  court  of  Peter  II  at, 
96;  Napoleon's  expedition  against, 
*7>  3°5.'  Russians  abandon,  15,  228; 
taking  of,  10,  485;  Napoleon  in, 
18,  380;  burning  of,  15,  233;  strife 
in  (1906),  366 

Moscow,  University  of:  founded 
(1755),  15,  149 


Moseilama  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Ara- 
bian chief:  teachings  of,  1,  255 

Moses  (ca.  1280  B.  C),  lawgiver  and 
organizer  of  Israelitish  nation:  ca- 
reer of,  1,  374 

Moses  ben  Maimon:  see  Maimonides 

Moslemah  (d.  ca.  740  A.  D.),  Saracen 
general:  besieges  Constantinople,  1, 
330 

Mosquera,  Tomas  Cipriano  (1798- 
1878),  Colombian  general  and  poli- 
tician: elected  president  of  Colom- 
bia (1830),  21,  83;  (1864),  89;  op- 
poses the  conservatives,  86;  leads 
civil  war,  87;  wins  the  battle  of 
Cuaspud,  88;  exiled  from  Colombia, 
90;  attempts  to  reorganize  the  old 
Republic  of   Colombia,   112 

Moss,  Convention  of  (1814),  16,  261 

Most  Eminent  Order  of  the  Indian 
Empire:  see  Order  of  the  Indian 
Empire,  Most  Eminent 

Mother  City:  see  Kiev 

Mother  of  God:  see  Theot,  Catherine 

Mother  of  her  Country,  The:  see 
Maria  Theresa,  Holy  Roman  Em- 
press 

Mother  of  States,  The:  see  Virginia 

Mother  of  the  Russians,  Holy:  see 
Moscow 

Mo-tien-ling,  Chinese  Empire:  battles 
of  (1894),  7,  269;  (1904),  7,  3io,  15, 
361 

Motley,  John  Lothrop  (1814-1877), 
American  historian:  recalled  as  min- 
ister to  England,  24,  881 

Moukden,  Manchuria:  capital  removed 
from,  6,  54;  Russia  proposes  politi- 
cal resident  in,  311;  battle  of,  314 

Moulier  (17th  century),  French  am- 
bassador: ambassador  to  Switzer- 
land, 13,  477 

Moulins,  Auguste  (1752-1810),  French 
soldier:  made  member  of  the  direc- 
tory, 9,  309,  10,  405 

Moulins,  Edicts  of,  edicts  issued  by  a 
French  assembly  summoned  by 
Charles  IX  at  Moulins  (1564),  9, 
155 

Moultrie,  Fort,  Sullivan's  Island, 
Charleston  Harbor,  South  Carolina: 
attacked  by  English,  23,  236 


GENERAL    INDEX 


483 


Mound  Builders,  prehistoric  race 
which  inhabited  North  America,  23, 

5 

Mounier,  Jean  Joseph  (1758-1806), 
French  politician:  elected  member 
of  the  States-General,  10,  39;  pleads 
for  Necker,  58;  joins  Necker's 
party,  80;  desires  the  creation  of  a 
Senate,  87;  deserts  the  assembly, 
101 

Mount  Badon,  England:  battle  of  (ca. 
490),  11,  18 

Mount  Garganus,  Italy:  battle  of,  3, 
262 

Mount  Kasagi,  Japan:  siege  of  (1331), 
7,    84 

Mount  Kongo,  Japan:  siege  of  (1333), 
7,  86 

Mount  Ohud,  Asia  Minor:  battle  of 
(625  A.  D.),  1,  227 

Mount  Teneriffe,  Canary  Islands: 
eruption  of,  frightens  Columbus's 
crew,  23,  30 

Mount  Thabor,  Asia  Minor:  battle  of 
(1799),  14,  382 

Mount  Tsukula  Insurrection  (1864), 
7,  164 

Mount  Vernon,  Virginia:  commerce 
commission  meets  at,  23,  321;  home 
of  Washington,  340;  Washington 
retires  to,  368;  Confederates  seize 
arsenal,  24,  691 

Mountain,  The,  a  name  given  the  Jac- 
obins in  the  National  Convention 
in  France:  sketch  of,  10,  216;  de- 
mands the  trial  of  Louis  XVI,  226; 
decrees  the  constitution  of  1793, 
271;  its  success  against  the  insur- 
rectionary towns  and  departments, 
274;  its  measures  against  Robe- 
spierre, 311;  seventy-six  of  its  mem- 
bers put  to  death  or  arrested,  339 

Mountain  Brutus,  The:  see  Tell,  Wil- 
liam 

Mountain  State,  The  Green:  see  Ver- 
mont 

Mount  joy,  Charles  Blount,  Lord: 
(1563-1606),  favorite  of  Queen 
Elizabeth:  his  campaign  in  Ireland, 

11,  303;  made  governor  of  Ireland, 

12,  100 

Mouscron,  Belgium:  battle  of  (1794) 
9,  289 


Mowbray,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Notting- 
ham and  Duke  of  Norfolk  (1366- 
1399),  English  peer:  takes  up  arms 
against  Richard  II,  11,  181;  created 
Duke  of  Norfolk,  185;  banished,  185 

Mowbray,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Notting- 
ham (1386-1405),  English  officer: 
leader  of  insurrection,  II,  194 

Mowbray's  Rebellion:  see  Robert  of 
Mowbray 

"  Mowe,"  German  gun-boat:  visits 
King  Bell,   19,   in 

Moya,  Marchioness  de  (late  15th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  lady  of  the  court: 
aids  Columbus,  23,  29 

Mozambique:  founded,  19,  21;  siege 
of  (1698),  39 

Mozambique  Company,  Portuguese 
company  formed  for  African  ex- 
plorations (1888):  sketch  of,  19,  226 

Mozarabes,  Christians  who  conformed 
externally  to  practice  of  Moham- 
medanism: meaning  of  term,  1,  323 

Mozart,  Wolfgang  Amadeus  (1756- 
1791),  German  musician:  sketch  of, 
17,  261 

Mozhaisk,  Russia:  battle  of  (1812), 
15,  227 

Mstislavski,  Prince  Feodor  (late  16th 
century),  Russian  statesman:  his 
struggle  for  supremacy,  15,  18 

Mu  Wang,  Emperor  of  China,  ca.  1000 
B.  C. :  his  prominence  in  Chow 
Dynasty,   6,  8 

Muavia,  Mohammedan  kalif,  ca.  661 
A.  D.:  reign  of,  5,  326 

Mubarik,  King  of  Delhi  (14th  cen- 
tury) :  reign  of,  5,  101 

Mucianus,  Licinius,  Roman  statesman, 
consul,  53  B.  C. :  proconsul  of  Syria, 

4,  72 

Mucianus,  Publius  Crassus  (2nd  cen- 
tury B.  C),  Roman  general  and 
statesman,  Roman  consul,  131  B. 
C. :  favors  reform,  3,  175 

Mudki,  British  India:  battle  of  (1846), 

5,  221 

Mugueizel    Rumi    (early    8th    century 
A.  D.),  Mussulman  officer:  besieges 
Cordova,  8,  50 
Mugwumps:  see  Independents 
Miihlberg,  Germany:  battle  of  (1547), 
9,  145,  17,  196,  18,  255 


484 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Muhldorf,  Germany:  battle  of  (1322), 
17,  101,  18,  187 

Muhlenberg,  Frederick  (late  18th  cen- 
tury), American  officer  and  states- 
man: in  the  first  Congress,  23,  342 

Muhlenberg,  John  Peter  Gabriel 
(1746-1807),  American  revolution- 
ary general  and  politician:  in  first 
Congress,  23,  342 

Muhlhausen,  Germany:  battle  of 
(1525),  18,  243 

Muir,  Thomas  (late  17th  century), 
Scottish  politician:  transported,  II, 
543,  12,  37T- 

Muir,  Sir  William  (1819-1905),  Scot- 
tish Arabic  scholar:  sketch  of,  5, 
252 

Muiz-ad-Daula,  Arabian  caliph,  945  A. 
D.:  seizes  throne  of  Bagdad,  1,  366 

Muiz-ud-din:  see  Mohammed  of  Ghor 

Mukden,    Manchuria:   battle   of,    1904, 

7,  312,  15,  363 

Mukhtir  Pasha  (19th  century),  Turk- 
ish officer:  his  campaign  against 
Russia,  15,  335 

Muktadir  (10th  century  A.  D.), 
Caliph  of  Bagdad:  defeated  by  reli- 
gious fanatics,  1,  362 

Muley  (15th  century),  King  of  Fez: 
at  war  with  Alfonso  V  of  Portugal, 

8,  316;  at  war  with  Mohammed  ben 
Mohammed,  438 

Muley  Abdalla:  see  Diego  Lopez  ben 
Aboo 

Muley  Abdallah  ben  Mohammed  (sec- 
ond half  of  16th  century),  Sultan  of 
Morocco:  accession  of,  8,  439;  reign 
of,  440 

Muley  AH  Abul  Hassan  ben  Moham- 
med, Moorish  King  of  Granada, 
1466-ca.  1482:  reign  of,  8,  120 

Muley  Hamet  ben  Muley  (d.  1578), 
King  of  Morocco:  at  war  with  the 
Portuguese,  8,  440;  accession  of, 
441;    dethroned,   442;    death    of,   447 

Muley  Moluc  Abdelmelic  (d.  1578), 
King  of  Morocco:  flees  from  Mo- 
rocco, 8,  441;  accession  to  throne, 
442 

Mulhausen,  Germany:  battle  of  (1674), 

9,  211 

Mulienzadi    Mohammed    Pasha    (late 


18th  century),  Turkish  officer  and 
statesman:  account  of,  14,  334 

Muller,  Adam  (early  18th  century), 
Austrian  author:  in  the  Austrian 
service,  17,  320 

Muller,  Gottfried  (early  18th  century), 
Russian  scholar:  account  of,  15,  114 

Muller,  Johann  von  (1 752-1809), 
Swiss  historian:  sketch  of,  13,  495, 
521;  pleads  for  unity  in  Switzer- 
land, 508 

Muller,  Thadeus  (early  19th  century), 
Swiss  patriot:  president  of  the  Hel- 
vetic Society,  13,  530 

Multan,  India:  battle  of  (326  B.  C.)» 
5,  69 

Mumford,  William  B.  (d.  1862),  Con- 
federate citizen  of  New  Orleans: 
executed,  24,  753 

Mummius,  Lucius,  "  Achaicus  "  (mid- 
dle of  the  2nd  century  B.  C.)» 
Roman  general  and  statesman,  con- 
sul, 146  B.  C. :  completes  Roman 
conquest  of  Greece,  2,  520;  cam- 
paign against  the  Achaean  League, 
3,  166 

Munch,  Burkhard  (d.  1444),  Austrian 
soldier:  his  campaign  against  the 
Swiss,  13,  402 

Munchengratz,  Treaty  of,  agreement 
between  Russia,  Austria,  and  Prus- 
sia (1833):  account  of,  17,  328 

Munemori,  Taira-no:  see  Taira-no- 
Munemori 

Munich,  Germany:  subject  to  Gusta- 
vus   Adolphus,   18,  282 

Municipal  Corporation  Bill,  a  law  pro- 
viding that  corporations  (in  Eng- 
land) be  elected  by  the  rate-payers: 
passed   (1836),   11,   595 

Munk,  Kristine,  Countess  of  Slesvig- 
Holstein  (early  17th  century),  mor- 
ganatic wife  of  Christian  IV  of  Den- 
mark: sketch  of,  16,  202 

Munk,  Peder  (late  16th  century), 
Danish  admiral:  his  relations  with 
Christian  IV  of  Denmark,  16,  199 

Munkacs  (Munkatz),  Hungary:  siege 
of  (1687),  17,  230 

Munkaczy,  Mihaly  (1844-1900),  Hun- 
garian painter:  sketch  of,  17,  416 

Munnich,  Count  Burkhard  Christoph 


GENERAL    INDEX 


485 


(1683-1767),  Russian  general  and 
statesman  of  German  ancestry: 
superintends  the  Ladoga  canal,  15, 
82:  his  power  under  Anne,  107,  112; 
in  Poland,  119;  his  military  genius, 
14,  300;  campaigns'  in  the  Crimea, 
301,  312,  15,  121;  deposes  Biron, 
126;  made  chief  minister,  128;  resig- 
nation of,  130;  arrest  of,  133;  ban- 
ishment of,  137;  recall  of,  153 

Mufioz  (late  16th  century),  Spanish 
politician:  appointed  jueces  pesquisi- 
dores,   22,    125 

Munoz,  Duke  of  Rianzares  (1810- 
1873),  Spanish  officer:  his  relations 
with  Maria  Christina  of  Spain,  8, 
499,  SOI 

Munro,  Colonel  (18th  century),  Brit- 
ish officer:  surrenders  Fort  William 
Henry,  23,  186 

Munro,  Sir  Hector  (1726-1805),  Brit- 
ish officer:  crushes  Sepoy  mutiny, 
5,  187;  at  the  battle  of  Baxar,  135, 
187 

Munro,  Henry  (late  18th  century), 
Irish  insurgent:  in  the  Rebellion  of 
1798,  12,  213 

Munro,  Sir  Thomas  (1760-1827),  Eng- 
lish general  and  statesman:  his 
campaign  in  Burma,  5,  211 

Munster,  Germany:  held  by  the  Ana- 
baptists, 18,  250 

Munster,  Treaty  of,  the  peace  which 
concluded  the  Thirty  Years'  War  in 
Germany  between  the  Catholics  and 
Protestants  (1648),  13,  217,  18,  292, 
20,  114 

Muntoser  (middle  of  9th  century  A. 
D.),  Caliph  of  Bagdad:  reign  of,  1, 
360 

Munychia,  Greece:  fighting  in,  2,  386 

Mtinzer,  Thomas  (1490-1525),  German 
religious  teacher:  prophet  of  the 
Anabaptists,  18,  243 

Munzinger,  Joseph  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Swiss  patriot:  his  speech  on 
the  sovereignty  of  the  people,  13, 
536;  joins  movement  for  revision  of 
the  Confederation,  539 

Murad  (Amurath)  I  (1319-1389),  Sul- 
tan of  Turkey,  1359-1389:  reign  of, 
14,  29;  death  of,  36 

Murad  (Amurath)  II  (ca.  1403-1451), 


Sultan  of  Turkey,  1421-1451:  reign 
of,  14,  58;  abdicates,  64;  resumes 
sovereignty,  66;  again  abdicates  and 
again  resumes  power,  18;  death,  70 

Murad  (Amurath)  III  (1546-1595), 
Sultan  of  Turkey,  1574-1595:  reign 
of,  14,  201;  death  of,  204 

Murad  (Amurath)  IV  (ca.  1611-1640), 
Sultan  of  Turkey,  1623-1640:  acces- 
sion, 14,  214;  reign  of,  215;  death 
of,  223 

Murad  (Amurath)  V  (1840-1904),  Sul- 
tan of  Turkey,  1876:  reign  of,  14, 
475;  deposed,  478 

Murad  (d.  1661),  Mogul  prince:  death 
of,  5,   121 

Mura-saki-shikibu  (10th  century), 
Japanese  writer:  scholarship  of,  7, 
43 

Murat,  Joachim  (1771-1815),  French 
marshal  and  King  of  Naples,  called 
The  Good  Swordsman:  forces  sur- 
render at  Aboukir,  14,  383;  made.1 
marshal  of  the  empire,  9,  322;  re- 
ceives Jiilich,  Cleves,  and  Berg,  18', 
371;  appointed  King  of  Naples,  4, 
348,  10,  475,  18,  375;  invades  Spain, 
8,  485;  his  campaign  in  Portugal, 
527;  his  campaign  against  Russia, 
15,  223;  defeated  in  Italy,  17,  312; 
his  campaign  in  Italy  (1815),  314; 
at  the  battle  of  Leipzig,  18,  384;  in- 
vites return  of  Napoleon,  9,  359 

Muratori,  Ludovico  Antonio  (1672- 
1750),  Italian  scholar,  historian,  and 
antiquary:  sketch  of,  4,  338 

Muraviev,  Count  Michael  (1795- 
1866),  Russian  soldier:  aids  Turkey 
against  Mehemet  AH,  15,  290;  dicta- 
tor in  Poland,  326 

Muraviev,  Michael  Nikolaivitch  (1845- 
1900),  Russian  statesman:  appointed 
minister  of  foreign  affairs,  15,  349; 
death  of,  354 

Muraviev-Alostob,  Sergius  (early  19th 
century),  Russian  revolutionist:  in 
the  plot  of  the  Dekabrists,  15,  273 

Muraviov  (early  18th  century),  Rus- 
sian explorer:  mission  of,  15,  114 

Murena,  Lucius  Licinius  (d.  ca.  80  B. 
C),  Roman  general:  left  in  com- 
mand in  Asia,  3,  220;  at  war  with 
Mithradates,  229 


486 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Muret,  France:  battle  of  (1213),  8, 
238,  9,  78 

Murfreesborough,  Tennessee:  battle 
of  (1863),  24,  774 

Murifeld,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  between 
Leuenberger  and  government  of 
Berne  (1653),  13,  473 

Murillo-Toro,  Manuel  (1815-1880),  Co- 
lombian statesman:  elected  presi- 
dent of  Colombia,  21,  87;  first  ad- 
ministration of,  188;  second  adminis- 
tration of,  90 

Murphy,  John  (end  of  18th  century), 
Irish  priest  and  insurgent:  leads 
rebels,  12,  210;  death  of,  213 

Murphy,  Michael  (end  of  18th  cen- 
tury), Irish  priest  and  insurgent: 
death  of,  12,  212 

Murray  (late  17th  century),  Irish  sol- 
dier: leader  of  the  defense  of  Derry, 
12,   135 

Murray,  James  Stuart,  Earl  of:  see 
Stuart,  James,  Earl  of  Mar,  Earl 
of  Murray 

Murray,  James  Stuart,  Earl  of  (ca. 
1533-1820),  Son  of  James  V  of  Scot- 
land: rebellion  of,  XX,  282 

Murray,  Joseph,  Count  (18th  cen- 
tury), Governor-general  of  Nether- 
lands: made  governor-general,  13, 
260 

Murray,  William,  Earl  of  Mansfield: 
see  Mansfield,  William  Murray, 
Earl  of 

Murray,  William  Vans  (1 762-1803), 
American  politician  and  diplomat: 
minister  to  Holland,  23,  376 

Murrogh  (early  nth  century),  Irish 
prince:  at  battle  of  Clontarf,  12,  43 

Mursa,  Pannonia  (modern  Essek) : 
battle  of  (351  A.  D.),  4,  124 

Murshid  Kuli  Khan  (jafar  Khan), 
(early  18th  century),  nawab  of  Ben- 
gal: makes  his  province  independ- 
ent, 5,  126;  sketch  of,  181 

Musa  or  Moosa  (ca.  1376-1412),  Otto- 
man prince,  son  of  Bayezid  I:  aids 
Mohammed  in  contest  for  sover- 
eignty, 14,  52;  death  of,  54 

Musa  al  Kasim  (7th  century),  Per- 
sian religious  leader:  sketch  of,  5, 
340 

Musa  ben  Nozeir   (Nosair)    (ca.  640- 


718  A.  D.),  Saracen  general:  plans 
conquest  of  Spain,  8,  48;  his  cam- 
paigns in  Spain,  51 

Musa  Pasha  (early  19th  century), 
Kaimakau  of  Selim  III,  Turkish 
statesman  and  conspirator:  account 
of,  14,  399;  executed,  401 

Musa-Ibn-Noseyr  or  Moosa-Ibn- 
Noseyr  (Aboo-Abd-er-Rahman)  (ca. 
660-718),  Arab  conqueror:  rule  of, 
1,  308;  his  conquest  of  Spain,  311; 
disgraced,  318 

Muscovy:  see  Moscow 

Muscovy  Company,  The:  established, 
15,  18;  success  of,  23,  56;  sends 
colonists  to  Virginia,  57 

Mushezib-Marduk  (ca.  700  B.  C), 
Chaldean  soldier:  revolt  of  (1700  B. 
C),  1,  88 

Music : 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  among  the 
Magyars,  17,  46;  minnesingers,  97; 
under  Charles  VI,  192;  under  Gliick, 
Haydn,     and     Mozart,     261;     under 
Francis  II,  291;  under  Haydn,  Bee- 
thoven,  Salieri,   and   Clementi,   294; 
Liszt  and  Strauss,  417 
BABYLONIA  and  ASSYRIA:   ex- 
tent of  our  knowledge,   1,  105 
ENGLAND:  minstrels,  11,  55 
GAUL:  bards,  9,  7 
GERMANY:    under    Otto    IV,    18, 
160 
GREECE:  among  the  Spartans,  2, 

67 

INDIA:  among  the  Brahmans,  5, 
48 

IRELAND:   harp,  bagpipes,   12,  9; 
Young  Ireland,   12,  227,  233 
ITALY:  description  of,  4,  413 
JAPAN:    at    the    beginning    of   the 
empire,   7,   8;    Buddhist,   41;  in  the 
Hei-an   Epoch,  44,  45 
LYDIA:  character  of,  1,  152,  2,  115 
SCANDINAVIA:  harp-playing,  16, 
74;  in  Denmark,  147 
STYRIA:   minnesingers,  17,  98 
SWITZERLAND:   at  St.   Gall,   13, 
343;    minnesingers,    361;    war-songs, 
427 
Muskhogean    Indians,    North    Ameri- 
ca:   independent    of    other    families, 
23,  7;  location,  8 


GENERAL    INDEX 


487 


Muskhu-'d-Din :  see  Sa'di 

Muskingum  River,  Ohio:  French 
claims  of,  23,  169 

Musk-Rat  State,  The:  see  Delaware 

Musslin  (17th  century),  Swiss  bailiff: 
punishment  of,  13,'  467 

Mustapha  I  (d.  1639),  Sultan  of  Tur- 
key, 1617-1618  and  1622-1623:  spared 
by  Ahmed  I,  14,  209;  brief  reign 
of,  212;  second  accession  of,  213; 
again  deposed,  214 

Mustapha  II  (1664-1703),  Sultan  of 
Turkey,  1695-1703:  reign  of,  14,  261; 
abdicates  throne,  273 

Mustapha  III  (d.  1774),  Sultan  of 
Turkey,  1757-1773:  reign  of,  14,  318; 
his  war  with  Russia  (1767-1774), 
15,  180;  death  of,  14,  337 

Mustapha  IV  (d.  1808),  Sultan  of 
Turkey,  1807-1808:  reign  of,  14, 
400;   deposed,  401;  death  of,  402 

Mustapha  (ca.  1420),  pretended  son  of 
Bayazid:  claims  sovereignty,  14,  57; 
put  to  death,  58 

Mustapha  (d.  1553),  son  of  Suleiman 
the  Great:  account  of,  14,  168 

Mustapha  Bairactar  (1755-1808),  pasha 
of  Rustchuk:  revolts  against  the 
Janissaries,   14,   400 

Mustapha  Kiuprili  (17th  century), 
Turkish  military  leader:  his  cam- 
paign in  Hungary,  17,  231 

Mustapha  Pasha  (ca.  1560),  Turkish 
admiral:  commands  expedition 
against  Malta,  14,  170,  171 

Mustapha  Pasha  (18th  century),  Turk- 
ish commander:  his  campaign 
against  Napoleon,  14,  381;  surren- 
ders at  Aboukir,  383 

Muta,  Asia  Minor:  battle  of,  I,  234 

Mutasim  (ca.  840  A.  D.),  Mohamme- 
dan caliph:  wars  with  the  Emperor 
Theophilus,  1,  357 

Mutawakkil,  Caliph  of  Bagdad,  847- 
861  A.  D.:  reign  of,  I,  360 

Muti  (ca.  10th  century  A.  D.),  Caliph 
of  Bagdad:  prepares  Bagdad  for 
siege,  1,  370 

Mutimir  (ca.  900  A.  D.),  Croatian 
chief:  accession  of,  17,  38 

Mutin:  see  Mutines 

Mutina,  in  ancient  geography,  city  of 


transpadine  Gaul  (modern  Modena) : 
siege  of  (43  B.  C),  4,  13 

Mutines  (Mutin)  (3rd  century  B.  C), 
Carthaginian  general:  his  campaign 
in  Sicily,  3,  124 

Mutiny  Act,  act  of  the  British  parlia- 
ment passed  annually  (1689-1879): 
authorizes  sending  of  troops  to 
America  (1765),  11,  435 

Mutiny  of  1857,  The,  a  mutiny  of  the 
Sepoys  of  India:  account  of,  5,  232 

Mutsu  Munemitsu  (19th  century), 
Japanese  diplomat:  negotiates  treaty 
with  Great  Britain,  7,  191 

Muttenz,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1445),  13,  402 

Muttra,  India:  destroyed,  5,  127 

Muza  ben  Zeyad  (ca.  850  A.  D.),  Mo- 
hammedan ruler:  rebellion  of,  8,  74 

Muzaffar  ud-din,  Shah  of  Persia,  1896 
:  reign  of,  5,  364 

Muzaffarid  Dynasty,  Persia:  reign  of, 
5,  336 

Muzinade  Ali  (16th  century),  Cupu- 
dan  Pasha:  commands  Turkish 
forces  at  Lepanto,  14,  196;  death  of, 
198 

Mwanga  (19th  century),  African  ruler: 
sketch  of,  19,  187 

Mycale,  Mount,  Asia  Minor:  sanctu- 
ary of  Poseidon  on,  2,  55;  battle  of, 
212 

Mycenae,  in  ancient  geography,  city 
in  Greece:  archaeological  remains 
of,  2,  22;  Homeric  importance  of, 
32;  in  Homer,  33;  importance  in 
prehistoric  Greece,  49;  obscurity 
after  Dorian  invasion,  59;  taken  by 
Argives,  237;  recent  discoveries  re- 
specting, 548 

Myconius,  Friedrich  (1491-1546),  Ger- 
man reformer:  becomes  a  teacher  in 
Zurich,  13,  436 

Mykerinos:  see  Men-ka-ra 

Mylae,  Mediterranean  Sea:  battle  of 
(260  B.  C),  3,  101 

Myochin  Muneyasu  (ca.  15th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  metal  worker: 
sketch  of,  7,  107 
Myochin  Nobuiye  (ca.  15th  century), 
Japanese  metal  worker:  skill  of,  7, 
107 


488 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Myosho,  Empress  of  Japan,  1630- 
1644:  reign  of,  7,  132 

Myron  (3rd  century  B.  C.)>  Spartan 
annalist:  mentioned,  2,  72 

Myronides  (5th  century  B.  C.)»  Athe- 
nian general:  defeats  Corinthians 
(457  B.  C),  2,  243;  conquers  Boeo- 
tia  (457  B.  C),  245 

Myrtchi  (14th  century),  Prince  of 
Wallachia:  submits  to  Bayezid,  14, 
27;  joins  in  crusade  against  Turks, 

14,  39 
Mysore  War,  war  waged  in  India  be- 


tween the  British  and  the  Sultan  of 
Mysore  (1790-1792),  5,  196 

Mythology  and  Legend:  Austria-Hun- 
gary, 17,  27,  44;  Babylonia,  1,  99, 
101,  108;  Egypt,  x,  13,  42,  47;  Ger- 
many, 18,  9;  Greece,  2,  8,  15,  24,  28, 
39,  59,  62,  93,  108,  120,  124,  154,  166, 
198,  503;  India,  5,  82;  Ireland,  12, 
16,  23;  Japan,  7,  3,  12;  Lydia,  I,  143, 
149;  Mexico,  22,  90;  Persia,  1,  159, 
162,  174,  177;  Scandinavia,  16,  9,  18, 
35,  45,  210,  211 

Mytilene:  see  Mitylene 


N 


Naarden,  Netherlands:  siege  of  (1674), 
13,  239 

Nabanidochus:  see  Nabonidos 

Nabis  (d.  192  B.  C),  Tyrant  of  Spar- 
ta, 207-192  B.  C. :  his  conflict  with 
Roman  authority,  3,  141 

Nabonidos  (Nabunaid,  Nabonadius, 
Nabunaidu,  Nabannidochus,  Bel- 
shazzar,  Nabonidus),  King  of  Baby- 
lon, 556-S38  B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  93; 
conquered  by  Cyrus  (538  B.  C),  i» 
161,  2,  126 

Nabopolassar,  King  of  Babylon,  625- 
605  B.  C. :  makes  himself  King  of 
Babylon,  1,  91;  secures  Mesopo- 
tamia and  Syria,  92 

Nabu-apul-iddina,  King  of  Babylon 
ca.  876  B.  C. :  defeated  by  Ashur- 
nazir-pal,  I,  79 

Nabuco,  Joaquin  (19th  century),  Bra- 
zilian statesman:  his  speech  in  favoij 
of  slavery  abolition,  21,  249 

Nabu-kudurri-usur :  see  Nebuchad 
rezzar 

Nabu-naid  or  Nabu-naidus:  see  Na^ 
bonidos 

Nachod,  Bohemia:  battle  of  (1866) 
18,  411 

Nachtigal,  Gustav  (1834-1885),  Ger 
man  traveler:  arouses  an  interes 
in  Africa,  19,  59;  made  consul-gen 
eral  of  Africa,  103 

Nadab,  King  of  Israel,  917-915  B.  C: 
death  of,  1,  389 

Nadasdy  (17th  century),  Hungarian 
conspirator:  leads  conspiracy,  1 7 
229 

Nadintu-Bel  (ca.  500  B.  C),  Babylo- 
nian revolutionist:  revolt  of,  1,  94 
163 

Nadod  (9th  century  A.  D.),  Norwe- 
gian   explorer:    visits    Iceland,    16, 

44 
Naerden,  Holland:  siege  of  (1572),  13, 
114 


Nafels  (Nafels,  Nafaels),  Switzerland: 
battle  of  (1388),  13,  382,  18,  197 

Nagasaki  Takasuke  (ca.  14th  century), 
Japanese    statesman:    power    of,    7, 

77 
Nageli,    Franz    (16th   century),   Swiss 

soldier:       his       campaign       against 

Charles  III  of  Savoy,  13,  448 
Nageli,      Hans      Georg      (1768-1836), 

Swiss  musician  and  music-publisher: 

founds  an  order  of  popular  songs, 

13,  522 
Nagpur,    India:    battle    of    (1817),    5, 

209;    becomes    part   of   the    Central 

Provinces,   5,   229 
Nagy,  Paul  (19th  century),  Hungarian 

orator:  in  the  diet  of  1807,  17,  334; 

in  the  diet  of  Presburg,  338 
Nahash,  King  of  the  Ammonites,  ca. 

1 100  B.   C. :  besieges  Jabesh,  I,  381 
Nahir  (Nahir  Kuli,  Nahir  Khan)   (ca. 

1688-1747),    Shah    of    Persia,    1736- 

1747:     his     conquests,     5,     350,     14, 

293,  295;  invades  India,  5,  127;  reign 

of,  352;  career  of,  15,  115 
Naifaarut     (Nepherites)     I,    King    of 

Egypt,  ca.  400  B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  33 
Naini  Tal,  India:  landslip  at  (1880),  5, 

259 

Naissus  (Naisus),  Asia  Minor:  bat- 
tle of  (269  A.  D.),  4,  no 

Nakahara  Chikayoshi  (12th  century), 
Japanese  statesman:  made  vice- 
minister  of  the  public  archives,  7, 
68 

Naka-no-6ye,  Prince:  see  Tenchi,  Em- 
peror of  Japan 

Nakatomi-no-Kamako  (ca.  580  A.  D.), 
Japanese  statesman:  opposes  the 
acceptance  of  Buddhism,  7,  15 

Nakatomi-no-Kamatari  (d.  670  A.  D.), 
Japanese  statesman:  plots  against 
Soga-no-Iruka,   7,  20;   death   of,   28 

Nakkimov  (Nakhimov)  Admiral  (19th 
century),   Russian   naval   officer:   in 


489 


490 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


the  Crimean  War,  14,  451,  15,  312 

Nalanda,  Monastery  of,  India:  descrip- 
tion of,  5,  64 

Namur,  Belgium:  captured  by  Wil- 
liam III  of  England,  II,  444;  siege 
of  (1692),  13,  245 

Nana  Sanhib  (Dandhu  Panth)  (ca. 
1825-ca.  i860),  Hindu  prince,  a 
leader  in  the  Indian  Mutiny:  in- 
herits property  of  Baji  Rao,  5,  229; 
leads  the  Mutiny  of  1857,  236 

Nanak  Shah  (1469-1538  A.  D.),  Hindu 
religious  teacher:  teachings  of,  5, 
84 

Nancy,  France:  battle  of  (1477),  13, 
48,  409,  18,  218 

Nancy  Regiment,  a  French  regiment: 
revolt  of  (1790),  10,  125 

Nangis,  France:  battle  of  (1814),  9, 
346^  15,  261 

Nanking,  China:  chosen  capital  by 
Chu,  6,  26,  28;  T'aip'ing  disorder  in, 

153,  193 

Nanking,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  made  be- 
tween England  and  China  (1842),  6, 
142,  5,  213 

Nansen,  Fridtjof,  Arctic  explorer  and 
author:  born  near  Christiania,  Oc- 
tober 10,  1861;  educated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Christiania;  went  to 
Greenland  Sea,  1882;  appointed  cura- 
tor in  Natural  History  Museum, 
Bergen;  went  across  Greenland, 
1888-1889;  appointed  curator  of  the 
Museum  of  Comparative  Anatomy, 
Christiania  University;  made  his 
memorable  North  Pole  Expedition, 
in  which  he  reached  the  highest  lati- 
tude until  then  attained,  1895-1896; 
appointed  Professor  of  Zoology, 
Christiania  University;  lives  at 
Lysakir,  near  Christiania,  Norway 
Explorations  of,  16,  325 

Nansen,  Hans  (17th  century),  Norwe- 
gian burgomaster:  at  the  diet  of 
Copenhagen,   16,  231 

Nantes,  France:  trial  of  ninety-four 
of  the  inhabitants  of,  10,  325 

Nantes,  Edict  of,  an  edict  issued  by 
Henry  IV  of  France  ending  the 
religious  wars:  issued  (1598),  9,  171; 
revoked  (1685),  9,  216,  13,  243;  ef- 


fect of  revocation  on  American  colo- 
nies, 23,  76 
Nantil,  Captain   (early  19th  century), 
French    officer:    conspiracy    of,    9, 

375 

Nantucket,  island  off  the  coast  of 
Massachusetts:  fishery  industry  at 
outbreak  of  the  Revolution,  23,  134 

Napier,  Lord  (d.  1834),  British  states- 
man: arrives  at  Canton,  6,  127; 
death  of,  129 

Napier,  Sir  Charles  James  (1782- 
1853)  British  general:  his  campaign 
in  Sind,  5,  219 

Napier,  Sir  Charles  John  (1 786-1 860), 
British  admiral:  in  Turko-Egyptian 
war,  14,  437;  in  the  Crimean  War, 

15,  309 

Napier,  Francis,  Baron  Ettrick  of  Et- 
trick  (1819-1898),  British  states- 
man: sketch  of,  5,  252 

Napier,  Sir  George  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), British  statesman:  governor 
of  Cape  Colony,  20,  223 

Napier,  Robert  Cornells,  Baron  Na- 
pier of  Magdala  (1810-1890),  British 
soldier:  lays  out  roads  and  canals, 
5,  226;  acting  governor-general  of 
India,  244 

Napier  of  Merchiston,  John  (1550- 
1617),  Scottish  mathematician: 
sketch  of,  12,  358 

Napierville,  Canada:  battle  of  (1837), 
20,  156 

Naples,  Italy:  main  treatment,  4,  215, 
257;  \vge  of  (1191),  18,  156;  invad- 
ed by  Louis,  King  of  Hungary 
(1348),  4,  252;  Jews  banished  from 
(ca.  1495),  I,  418;  history  of,  in  the 
Middle  Ages,  4,  257;  passes  to  Spain 
(1504),  291;  under  Spanish  rule,  323; 
taken  by  General  Championnet 
(1798),  10,  402;  surrenders  to  Na- 
poleon (1800),  4,  345;  revolution  of 
1820,  4,  352;  intervention  of  Aus- 
tria in  (1820),  23,  446;  Austrians  en- 
ter (1821),  4,  354;  surrenders  to 
Garibaldi    (i860),  380 

Napola  de  Malvasia,  Greece:  taken  by 
the  Greeks  (1821),  14,  544 

Napoleon  (I)  Bonaparte,  Emperor  of 
the    French,    1804-1814,    called   The 


GENERAL    INDEX 


491 


Modern  Nimrod,  The  Modern 
Charlemagne,  The  Little  Corporal, 
Corporal  d'  Espre,  Corporal  Violet, 
Father  Violet,  The  Corsican  Ogre, 
The  Corsican  Sesostris,  The  Man 
of  Destiny,  The  Scourge  of  Europe, 
and  The  King  of  Fire:  born  at 
Ajaccio,  Corsica,  August  15,  1769; 
studied  at  military  school  of 
Brienne,  1779-1784,  and  at  that  of 
Paris,  1784-1785;  given  a  lieuten- 
ant's commission  in  the  French 
army,  1785;  opposed  the  patriotic 
movement  under  Paoli  in  Corsica, 
1793;  commanded  the  artillery  in 
the  attack  on  Toulon,  1793;  served 
in  the  army  in  Italy,  1794;  was  sec- 
ond in  command  in  subduing  the  re- 
volt of  the  sections  in  Paris,  1795; 
married  Josephine  de  Beauharnais, 
March  9,  1795;  defeated  the  Aus- 
trians  in  Italy  at  the  battles  of 
Montenotte,  Millesimo  and  Dego, 
April,  1795;  defeated  the  Sardinians 
at  Ceva  and  Mondori  and  forced 
them  to  sign  a  treaty,  April  29,  1795; 
expelled  the  Austrians  from  north- 
ern Italy,  1795-1797;  invaded  Styria, 
1797;  made  an  unsuccessful  attempt 
to  invade  India  via  Egypt,  1798; 
undertook  to  subjugate  Syria  and 
stormed  Jaffa,  March  7,  1799;  was 
repulsed  at  Acre,  and  retreated  to 
Egypt;  defeated  the  Turks  at 
Aboukir,  July  25,  1799;  transferred 
the  command  of  Egypt  to  Kleber, 
August  22,  1799,  and  returned  to 
France;  executed  the  coup  d'etat 
of  Brumaire,  whereby  he  abolished 
the  Directory  and  made  himself  first 
consul  to  hold  office  for  ten  years; 
restored  the  French  ascendency  in 
Italy,  1800,  and  brought  about  the 
Peace  of  Luneville,  1801;  concluded 
the  Peace  of  Amiens  with  England, 
1802;  restored  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church  in  France;  erected  a  new 
university,  established  the  Legion 
of  Honor,  and  codified  the  laws; 
was  made  consul  for  life,  August  2, 
1802;  was  proclaimed  hereditary 
Emperor  of  the  French,  May  18, 
1804;   and  was  crowned,  December 


2,  1804;  was  crowned  King  of  Italy, 
May  26,  1805;  his  plans  for  an  in- 
vasion of  England  were  defeated  by 
Nelson's  victory  at  Trafalgar,  Oc- 
tober 21,  1805;  invaded  Austria,  oc- 
cupied Vienna,  and  defeated  the 
Russians  and  Austrians  at  Auster- 
litz,  December  2,  1805;  brought 
about  the  erection  of  the  Con- 
federation of  the  Rhine,  July  12, 
1806;  at  war  with  a  coalition  com- 
posed of  Prussia,  Russia,  and  Eng- 
land, 1806-1807;  issued  the  Berlin 
Decree,  1806,  and  the  Milan  Decree, 
1807;  seized  Spain  and  Portugal, 
1807-1808;  defeated  the  English  in 
Spain,  1808;  was  at  war  with  Aus- 
tria, 1809;  divorced  Josephine  and 
married  Maria  Louisa  of  Austria, 
1810;  annexed  the  Papal  States, 
1809,  and  Holland,  1810;  was  at  war 
with  Russia,  1812,  but  after  occupy- 
ing Moscow  was  obliged  to  retreat; 
defeated  the  Prussians  and  Russians 
at  Lutzen  and  Bautzen,  1813;  waged 
war  against  a  coalition  of  Russia, 
England,  Sweden,  Prussia,  and  Aus- 
tria, 1813-1814;  lost  the  decisive  bat- 
tles of  Leipsic,  Laon,  and  Arcis- 
sur-Aube  and  the  allies  entered 
Paris,  March  31,  1814;  abdicated  at 
Fontainebleau,  April  11,  1814,  and 
received  the  Island  of  Elba  as  a 
sovereign  principality,  where  he  ar- 
rived May  4;  encouraged  by  the 
quarrels  which  arose  at  the  Con- 
gress of  Vienna,  Napoleon  left  Elba, 
February  26,  1815;  landed  at  Cannes, 
March  1;  entered  Paris,  March  20; 
contended  against  the  allies,  but 
was  finally  defeated  at  Waterloo, 
June  18,  1815;  unsuccessfully  at- 
tempted to  escape  to  America  and 
surrendered  himself  to  the  British 
at  Rochefort,  July  15;  was  taken  as 
a  prisoner  of  war  to  St.  Helena, 
where  he  arrived  October  16,  1815, 
and  where  he  was  detained  until 
his  death,  May  5,  1821 

Early  life  of,  10,  357  note;  sketch 
of,  8,  483,  527;  appointed  second  in 
command  under  Barras,  10,  357;  de- 
fends  the    convention,    9,   295;    ap- 


492 


THE   HISTORY   OF  NATIONS 


pointed  general  of  the  interior,  and 
placed  at  the  head  of  the  army  of 
Italy,  io,  374;  invasion  of  Italy,  4, 
342,  9,  297;  strengthens  the  French 
Republic,  18,  359;  his  campaign 
against  Austria,  10,  379,  17,  298;  his 
conquest  of  Italy,  10,  381;  his  re- 
lations with  Switzerland,  13,  506, 
508;  his  relations  with  Poland,  15, 
384;  his  return,  to  Paris,  10,  397; 
Paul  of  Russia  joins  the  coalition 
against,  15,  205;  intrigues  to  gain 
Paul's  favor,  207;  invades  Egypt,  1, 
37,  5,  197,  10,  397,  II,  548,  14,  380, 
20,  141,  268;  returns  to  Paris  in 
triumph,  10,  409;  learns  the  state 
of  affairs  in  France,  409;  concludes 
treaty  with  the  United  States,  23, 
376;  plots  with  Sieyes  against  the 
directory,  10,  410;  his  answer  to  the 
republicans,  412;  creates  a  commo- 
tion in  the  council  of  the  five  hun- 
dred, 415;  appointed  consul,  9,  315, 
10,  432,  11,  549,  18,  363;  his  gov- 
ernment, 10,  436;  Gustavus  IV's  at- 
titude toward,  16,  250;  sets  out  on 
the  conquest  of  Italy,  10,  438;  re- 
turn to  Paris,  440;  the  infernal  ma- 
chine, 441;  progress  of  France  un- 
der, 447;  proposes  the  creation  of 
a  Legion  of  Honor,  451;  appointed 
sole  consul,  10,  452;  growth  of  his 
power,  13,  267;  his  answer  to  a 
deputation  from  the  senate,  10,  456; 
made  emperor,  9,  322,  10,  459;  re- 
ceives the  crown  of  the  Lombards, 
462;  ascendency  of,  ii,  555;  vic- 
tories over  Austrians  and  Russians, 
10,  464,  14,  395;  cedes  Louisiana  to 
the  United  States,  23,  396;  defeated 
at  Trafalgar,  406;  takes  Vienna,  10, 
464,  17,  293;  marches  against  Prus- 
sia, 10,  470;  Germany  under,  18, 
371;  turns  his  attention  towards 
England,  10,  472;  in  Peace  of  Til- 
sit, 14,  403;  issues  Berlin  Decree, 
23,  407;  issues  Milan  Decree,  407; 
issues  Bayonne  Decree,  411;  his  re- 
lations to  Denmark,  16,  257;  threat- 
ened with  excommunication  by  the 
Pope,  10,  476;  his  expedition  into 
Spain,  478,  11,  562,  17,  296,  20,  142; 
divorces  Josephine,  and  marries  the 


Archduchess  Marie  Louise,  10,  481, 
17,  302;  issues  Rambouillet  Decree, 
23,  415;  birth  of  his  son,  the  King 
of  Rome,  10,  481;  his  relations  with 
Alexander  I  of  Russia,  15,  213;  his 
campaign  against  Russia,  10,  484, 
15,  220;  in  Moscow,  231;  his  re- 
treat from  Moscow,  10,  485,  15,  240; 
the  re-action  against  his  power,  10, 
485;  his  return  to  Paris,  489; 
the  German  War  of  Liberation,  18, 
387;  his  relations  to  Sweden,  16, 
253;  first  abdication  of,  9,  349,  10, 
493,  13,  526;  return  of,  9,  360,  10, 
500,  13,  286;  final  abdication  and  im- 
prisonment of,  9,  365,  23,  405,  425; 
his  character,  10,  494;  death  of,  9, 
377;  compared  with  Cromwell,  10, 
495;  his  remains  removed  to  Paris, 
418 

Napoleon  II  (Frangois  Charles  Joseph 
Napoleon  Bonaparte,  Due  de  Reich- 
stadt)  (1811-1832),  titular  Emperor 
of  the  French,  son  of  Napoleon  I 
and  Maria  Louisa:  birth  of,  9,  339, 
10,  481 

Napoleon  III  (Charles  Louis  Na- 
poleon Bonaparte),  Emperor  of  the 
French,  called  The  Man  of  Sedan, 
The  Man  of  Silence,  The  Man  of 
December  and  The  Good  Friend: 
born  at  Paris,  April  20,  1808;  was 
the  son  of  Louis  Bonaparte,  King 
of  Holland,  and  Hortense  de  Beau- 
harnais,  and  the  nephew  of  Napol- 
eon I;  lived  in  exile  at  Arenenberg 
and  Augsburg,  1815-1830;  joined  in 
an  unsuccessful  revolt  in  the  Ro- 
magna  against  the  Pope,  1830-1831; 
attempted  to  organize  a  revolution 
among  the  soldiers  of  Strasburg, 
1836;  invaded  France  near  Bou- 
logne, 1840;  was  captured  and  im- 
prisoned at  Ham  until  1846,  when 
he  escaped;  after  the  fall  of  Louis 
Philippe  was  made  a  member  of  the 
National  Assembly,  1848;  was  elect- 
ed President  of  the  French  Repub- 
lic, December,  1848;  was  chosen 
President  for  ten  years,  December, 
1851;  after  a  plebiscite  was  declared 
Emperor,  December  2,  1852;  mar- 
ried   Eugenie   de   Montijo,   January 


GENERAL    INDEX 


493 


30,  1853;  participated  in  the  Crimean 
War,  1854-1856;  conducted  a  cam- 
paign against  Austria,  1859;  waged 
war  in  Mexico,  18627-1867;  declared 
war  against  Germany,  July,  1870; 
was  taken  prisoner  at  Sedan,  Sep- 
tember 2,  1870;  was  imprisoned  at 
Wilhemshohe,  near  Cassel,  1870- 
1871;  lived  at  Chiselhurst,  near  Lon- 
don, England,  from  1870  until  his 
death,  January  9,  1873 

Account  of,  14,  444;  plots  to  ob- 
tain the  throne  of  France,  9,  410; 
makes  second  attempt  to  gain 
throne  of  France,  418;  elected  presi- 
dent of  France,  438;  his  assumption 
of  power,  18,  403;  accession  of,  13, 
307;  reign  of,  9,  445;  in  the  Cri- 
mean War,  15,  304;  attempts  to 
mediate  in  Swiss  troubles,  13,  5595 
at  war  with  Austria,  4,  372,  17,  384; 
takes  possession  of  Savoy,  13,  561; 
proposes  intervention  in  American 
Civil  War,  24,  878;  his  relations 
with  Poland,  15,  384;  his  ambitions 
concerning  Mexico,  17,  393,  24,  876; 
concludes  Treaty  of  Misamar,  22, 
389;  deserts  Maximilian,  392;  in  the 
Slesvig-Holstein  controversy,  16, 
.276;  induces  compromise  for  Suez 
Canal  construction,  14,  469;  in  the 
Franco-Prussian  War,  18,  415 

Napoleon  of  Peace,  The:  see  Louis 
Philippe,   King  of  the  French 

Napoleon  of  the  East,  The:  see  Mo- 
hammed Ali,  Pasha  of  Egypt 

Napoli  di  Romani,  Greece:  battle  of 
(1770),  15,  179;  captured  by  Greeks, 
a,  544 

Nappo,  Finland,  Russian  Empire:  bat- 
tle of  (1714),  15,  64 

Nara  Epoch,  The,  the  period  of  Japa- 
nese history  when  the  capital  was 
at  Nara  in  the  province  of  Yamato 
(710-794  A.  D.) :  account  of,  7,  31 

Naram-Sin,  King  of  Babylonia,  ca. 
3750  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  76 

Narbo  (Narbonne),  France:  founded, 
3,  185,  9,  8 

Narbo  (Nabonesio),  Province  of 
southern  France:  created,  3,  191,  9, 
8 

Narbonne,  Louis,   Count   (1755-1813), 


French  courtier  and  statesman:  re- 
places Du  Portail  as  minister  of 
war,  10,  164;  dismissed  from  the 
ministry,  10,  168 
Narborough,  Sir  John  (d.  1688),  Eng- 
lish  naval   officer:    explorations   of, 

«.  34 
Narbutt  (middle  19th  century),  Polish 
insurgent:     capture    and    execution 

15,  328 

Nares,  Sir  George  Strong  (1831 ), 

English   navigator:   explorations  of, 

16,  313 

Narishkin,  Captain  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Russian  officer:  his  efforts  to 
save  Moscow,  15,  241;  before  Na- 
poleon, 246 

Narishkins,  Russian  political  party: 
faction  of,  15,  26 

Narragansett  Indians,  tribe  of  North 
American  Indians:  belong  to  Al- 
gonquian  stock,  23,  8;  join  King 
Philip's  War,  97 

Narses  (478-573  A.  D.),  general  of  the 
Byzantine  empire:  defeats  Totila, 
4,  161;  governor-general  of  Italy, 
162;  career  of,  18,  49 

Narva,  Russia:  captured  by  the  Rus- 
sians (1558),  15,  17;  battle  of 
(1700),  15,  38,  16,  216,  18,  317 

Narvaez,  Pamfilo  (Pamphilo  or  Pan- 
filo)  de  (d.  ca.  1527),  Spanish  com- 
mander: explores  southern  United 
States,  23,  40;  sent  to  arrest  Cortez, 
22,  30 

Narvaez,  Ramon  Maria  de,  Duke  of 
Valencia  (ca.  1798-1868),  Spanish 
general  and  minister  of  state:  op- 
poses regency  of  Espartero,  8,  500; 
second  ministry  of,  506 

Naseby,  England:  battle  of  (1645),  11, 

353 

Nashville,  Tennessee,  called  The  City 
of  the  Rocks:  convention  of,  1850, 
24,  611;  Confederates  abandon,  745; 
battle  of   (1864),  803 

"Nashville,"  United  States  gunboat: 
fires  first  shot  of  Spanish-Ameri- 
can War,  24,  1026;  stationed  at 
Panama,   1059 

Nasidius,  Lucius  (ca.  49  B.  C),  Ro- 
man commander:  defeated  by  De- 
cimus  Brutus,  3,  341 


494 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Nasirulla  Khan  (late  19th  century), 
Indian  prince:  visits  England,  5, 
277 

Nasmyth  (early  19th  century),  Eng- 
lish soldier:  aids  Turkey,  15,  309 

Nasr  ud-din  (Nasir-ed-Deen)  (1829- 
1896),  Shah  of  Persia,  1848-1896: 
reign  of,  5,  362 

Nasr-Mlah  (early  18th  century),  son 
of  the  Persian  conqueror,  Nadir 
shah:  marriage  of,  5,  353 

Nassau,  Bahama  Islands:  seat  of  gov- 
ernment for  the  Bahamas,  20,  246 

Nassau-Siegen,  Charles  Henri  Nicolas 
Othon,  Prince  of  (1745-ca.  1809), 
German  soldier:  in  the  Russian  serv- 
ice, 15,  184;  defeated  by  the  Swedes, 
188 

Nassau-Siegen,  Joan  Mauritz,  Count 
of:   see   Maurice   of  Nassau,   Count 

Nassir  ben  Ferag  (early  14th  cen- 
tury), King  of  Granada:  reign  of, 
8,  in 

Natal,  Africa:  early  history  of,  20, 
225 

Natalia  Alexievna  (d.  1776),  Empress 
of  Russia:  influence  of,  15,  98;  mar- 
riage of,  165;  death  of,  172 

Natchez,  Mississippi:  prehistoric 
bones  found  at,  23,  4 

Nathan  (nth  century  B.  C.)»  Hebrew 
prophet:  supports  the  claims  of 
Solomon  to  throne  of  Israel,  1,  386 

Nathors  (late  19th  century),  Arctic 
explorer:  explorations  of,  16,  327 

Nation,  The  Saviour  of  the:  see  Crom- 
well, Oliver 

National  African  Company,  a  company 
to  protect  British  interests  on  the 
Niger  River:  organized,  19,  154 

National  Banking  System,  United 
States:  established,  24,  820 

National  Banks:  see  Banks 

National  Legislative  Assembly,  the 
second  Revolutionary  assembly  in 
France,  1791-1792:  early  relations 
between  it  and  the  king,  10,  151; 
question  of  the  manner  of  address- 
ing the  king,  152;  the  king's  speech, 
153;  opening  of,  156;  its  decree  rela- 
tive to  the  king's  brother,  158;  with 
regard  to  the  emigrants,  158;  with 
regard    to    the    dissentient    priests, 


158;  Isnard's  speech,  162;  question 
of  a  declaration  to  the  king  request- 
ing him  to  require  the  neighboring 
princes  to  summon  the  military 
gatherings,  162;  decrees  the  declara- 
tion, 162;  passes  a  decree  impeach- 
ing the  king's  brother,  the  Count 
d'  Artois,  and  the  Prince  de  Conde, 
164;  question  of  war,  171;  decrees 
the  formation  of  a  camp  of  twenty 
thousand  men  at  Paris,  174;  decrees 
the  banishment  of  the  non-juring 
priests,  175;  letter  to,  from  Lafay- 
ette, 177;  debates  concerning  the 
riots  of  the  20th  of  June,  178;  di- 
vision between  it  and  the  commune, 
201;  question  of  waiting  for  the 
Prussians  under  the  walls  of  Paris, 
205;  desires  to  prevent  the  massacre 
of  the  2nd  of  September,  207;  con- 
cluding observation  on,  212;  see  also 
Convention,  The  National 

National  Liberals,  German  political 
party:  description  of,  18,  435 

National  Meat  Inspection  Law,  a 
United  States  law  establishing  more 
effective  Federal  supervision  of 
slaughtering  houses:  passed  (1906), 
24,  1083 

National  Pure  Food  Law,  a  United 
States  law  to  protect  the  public 
against  adulterated  and  mis-labeled 
food  and  drugs:  passed  (1906),  24, 
1082 

National  Quarantine  Law,  a  United 
States  law  to  guard  against  the  in- 
troduction of  contagious  disease 
from  abroad:  passed  (1906),  24, 
1082 

National  Republican  Party:  see  Re- 
publican Party,  National 

National  Silver  Party,  United  States 
political  party:  convention  in  St. 
Louis   (1896),  24,   1015 

Nations,  Battle  of  the:  see  Leipsic: 
battle  of  (1813) 

Natural  Research,  Society  for,  a  so- 
ciety in  Switzerland,  founded  in 
1815:  work  of,  13,  530 

Naturalization,  American:  ignored  by 
Great  Britain,  23,  408 

Naturalization,  Federal  Bureau  of  Im- 
migration and,  a  bureau  established 


GENERAL    INDEX 


495 


in  the  United  States  to  control  the 
granting  of  naturalization  certifi- 
cates: created  (1906),  24,  1083 

Naturalization  Act,  an  act  passed  in 
the  United  States  increasing  the 
term  of  residence  required  for  citi- 
zenship: Federalists  enact  (1798), 
23,  376 

Nauarchus,  a  Greek  naval  officer:  of- 
fice of,  2,  368 

Naucratis,  an  ancient  city  in  Egypt: 
founded,  2,  87 

Naulochus,  Sicily:  battle  of  (47  B.  C.)» 
4,  21 

Naumburg,  city  in  Saxony:  taken  by 
Tilly  (1631),  18,  280 

Naupactus,  town  in  Greece:  taken  by 
Athenians,  2,  246;  sea-fight  off,  290; 
taken  by  Lysander,  380 

Nauvoo,  Illinois:  founded,  24,  982 

Navajo  Indians,  tribe  of  American  In- 
dians: dependent  on  their  herds,  23, 
11;  famous  for  their  necklaces  and 
ear-pendants,  14;  skillful  in  textile 
work,  14;  present  condition,  17 

Navarette,  Spain:  battle  of  (1367),  9, 
104 

Navarino,  Greece:  taken  by  the  Rus- 
sians (1770),  15,  178;  battle  of 
(1827),  2,  545,  9,  387,  11,  582,  14, 
425,  15,  276,  17,  326 

Navarre,  Kingdom  of,  Spain:  history, 
8,  194 

Navas  de  Tolosa:  see  Tolosa 

Navigation:  among  the  Phoenicians,  2, 
27;  a  primitive  treaty  of,  20,   16 

Navigation  Acts,  laws  restricting  the 
trade  of  the  British  colonies  to  that 
with  the  mother-country:  passed 
(1651),  11,  364,  13,  229,  23,  204; 
effect  on  colonies,  20,  22;  character 
of,  23,  67;  changes  in  (1660),  11, 
386,  12,  344,  23,  202;  galling  to 
Maryland  colonists,  72;  Randolph 
sent  to  enforce,  99;  evaded,  104; 
George  Grenville  attempts  to  en- 
force, 205;  effect  on  the  West  In- 
dies, 20,  70;  repealed  (1849),  11, 
608 

Navy,  Naval  Affairs: 

AFRICA:  International  Naval  Com- 
mission, 18,  115 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:    in    Seven 


Years'   War,   17,   263;   fleet   on   the 
Danube,   187 

CARTHAGE:  "Act  of  Navigation," 
20,  17 

CHINA:  foreign  intervention,  6, 
207;  Li  Hung  Chang  advises  the  or- 
ganization of  a  powerful  navy,  246; 
organization  of  navy,  252 
DENMARK:  under  Christian  II, 
16,  190;  perfected  by  war  with 
Sweden  (1676-1679),  234;  under 
Frederick  IV,  236 

ENGLAND:  the  Armada,  11,  296; 
ship-money,  334;  right  of  search,  11, 
521,  13,  256;  effect  of  plantation 
trade,  20,  78;  maritime  supremacy, 
143;  Navigation  Laws,  22,  67,  23, 
204;  Cyprus  as  naval  base,  20,  253; 
Cyprus  and  Malta,  254;  Hong-Kong 
as  naval  base,  255 
FRANCE:  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
Revolution,  10,  7;  Napoleon's  plan 
of  invasion  of  England,  9,  324,  10, 
445,  11,  556;  under  Louis  Philippe, 
417,  424 

GERMANY:  after  1871,  19,  91;  ex- 
peditions to  Africa,  no 
GREECE:  first  naval  battle,  2,  86; 
of  Megara,  102;  Polycrates  famed 
for,  126;  organization  of  Athenian 
navy,  175;  expansion  of  Athenian 
navy,  231;  new  system  of  tactics, 
274;  fleet  of  Alcibiades,  330,  331, 
332;  of  Chios  and  Byzantium,  513; 
in  War  of  Independence,  542,  544; 
modern  organization,  551 
JAPAN:  piratical  ships,  7,  104; 
ships,  135;  naval  department,  176; 
improvement  of,  6,  246,  7,  233 
NETHERLANDS:  under  Alva,  13, 
in 

PORTUGAL:  in  the  early  17th  cen- 
tury, 8,  460 

ROME:    condition    in    3rd    and   4th 
centuries  B.  C,  3,  81 
RUSSIA:   study  of  shipbuilding  by 
Peter  the  Great,  15,  33,  35,  36;  Dog- 
ger Bank  Incident,  7,  313 
SOUTH      AMERICA:     revolt     of 
naval  squadron  of  Brazil,  21,  254 
SPAIN:    the    Armada,    8,    364,    11, 
296;  decline  of,  8,  428;  increase  of, 
429;  reduced,  491 


496 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


TURKEY:  decline  in  the  17th  cen- 
tury, 14,  252;  in  the  18th  century, 
372;  destruction  of  fleet,  425;  re- 
stored fleet,  433 

UNITED  STATES:  Gaspee  affair, 
23,  218;  during  the  Revolution,  290; 
privateers,  359;  vessels  seized  by 
French  and  British  Governments, 
361;  Washington  advises  increase, 
27y,  Department  of  the  Navy  cre- 
ated, 375;  reduced  by  Jefferson,  393, 
408;  Barbary  pirates,  394;  right  of 
search,  408;  cause  of  War  of  1812, 
418;  insufficiency  of,  in  War  of  1812, 
419;  success  of,  in  War  of  1812,  423; 
value  of  victories,  430;  strategic 
positions,  479;  ironclads,  24,  756; 
development  during  Cleveland's  ad- 
ministration, 1008;  under  Roosevelt, 
1073 

WEST  INDIA  ISLANDS:  Act  of 
Navigation,  20,  79 

Navy  Island,  in  the  Niagara  River, 
North  America:  seized  in  the  Cana- 
dian Insurrection  (1837),  24,  515 

Nawa  Nagatoshi  (12th  century  A.  D.), 
Chinese  military  officer:  aids  Em- 
peror Godaigo,  7,  85 

Naxos,  one  of  the  Cyclades  in  the 
^Egean  Sea:  Persian  expedition 
against,  2,  133;  conquered  by  Per- 
sians, 165;  revolts  against  Athens, 
234;  sea-fight  off,  430;  created  Ital- 
ian duchy,  536 

Naxos,  Sicily:  founded,  2,  83;  at  war 
with  Syracuse,  299;  joins  Athens, 
334;  beset  by  Syracuse,  408 

Naza,  Fray  Marcos  de  (16th  century), 
Spanish  Franciscan  explorer:  dis- 
coveries of,  22,  73,  112 

Nazibugash,  King  of  Babylonia,  14th 
century  B.  C. :  usurps  throne,  I,  78 

Nazirites,  Jewish  sect:  description  of, 

If  391 

Neale,  Thomas  (late  17th  century), 
American  postmaster:  authorized  to 
take  charge  of  postal  business  of 
colonies,  23,  153 

Nearchus  (late  4th  century  B.  C). 
Macedonian  officer:  Alexander's  ad- 
miral, 2,  502,  505 

Nebokatov,  Admiral  (early  20th  cen- 
tury),   Russian    naval    officer:    his 


services  in  the  Russo-Japanese  WarL 
7.  314 

Nebraska,  one  of  the  United  States, 
means  "  water  valley  "  or  "  shallow 
river":  affected  by  Missouri  Com- 
promise, 23,  456;  bill  for  organizing 
introduced  in  Congress,  24,  630; 
part  of  Northwest  Territory,  631; 
Presidential  election  of  1900,  1040 

Nebuchadnezzer  I,  King  of  Babylonia, 
20th  century  B.  C:  reign  of,  1, 
78 

Nebuchadrezzar  (Nabu-kudurreusur) 
II,  King  of  Babylon,  7th  century 
B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  92;  besieges  Tyre, 
125;  establishes  peace  between  the 
Medes  and  Lydians,  158;  besieges 
Jerusalem,  399 

Necho  I,  King  of  Memphis  in  Egypt, 
late  7th  century  B.  C:  sent  as  pris- 
oner to  Nineveh,  1,  30 

Necho  II  (Nechos),  King  of  Egypt, 
609-594  B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  31;  de- 
feats the  King  of  Judah,  399;  ex- 
pedition of,  20,  9  note 

Necker,  Jacques  (1 732-1804),  French 
statesman  and  financier:  appointed 
minister  of  finance,  9,  254,  10,  28; 
retires,  9,  225,  10,  30;  recalled,  9, 
260,  10,  37;  at  the  opening  of  the 
States-General,  10,  42;  becomes  the 
leader  of  the  assembly,  53;  banished, 
9,  263,  10,  56;  returns  to  France,  9, 
265,  10,  72;  favors  the  English  con- 
stitution, 10,  80;  desires  the  crea- 
tion of  a  senate,  87;  invested  with  a 
financial  dictatorship,  106;  resigns, 
123 

Nectanebis  or  Nectanbo:  see  Nekta- 
nebos 

Neeracher  (18th  century),  Swiss  pot- 
ter: banished,  13,  505 

Neerwinden,  Belgium:  battles  of 
(1693),  9,  219,  11,  440,  13,  245; 
(1793),  9»  283,  10,  249,  13,  263,  17, 
281,   18,  357 

Negrete,  General  (19th  century),  Mex- 
ican military  officer:  made  member 
of  triumvirate,  22,  258 

Negretti,  General  (19th  century),  Mex- 
ican military  officer:  his  campaign 
against  the  French,  22,  385 

Negro    Plot,    The,    in    American    his- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


497 


tory,  a  threatened  slave  insurrec- 
tion in  New  York  City  (1741):  ac- 
count of,  23,  132 

Negroes:  see  Slavery 

Nehavend,  Persia:   battle  of   (ca.  641 

A.  D.),  1,  263,  5,  323 

Nehemiah  (ca.  450  B.  C),  Governor 
of  Judaea:  sketch  of,  1,  402 

Neidhardt  (19th  century),  Russian 
statesman:  made  governor  of  the 
Caucasus,  15,  299 

Neipperg,  Wilhelm  Reinhardt,  Count 
of  (1684-1774),  Austrian  soldier:  ne- 
gotiations of,  15,  124 

Neit-akrit  (Nitokris),  Queen  of  Egypt, 
ca.  2500  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,   17 

Neiva,  South  America:  rebels  against 
Spanish  authority,  21,  56 

Nektanebos  I  (Nekht-hor-heb,  Nec- 
tanebo  I),   King  of  Egypt,  378-364 

B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  33 
Nektanebos    II    (Nekt-nel-ef,    Necta- 

nebo  or  Nectanebis),  King  of  Egypt, 
361-340  B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  33 
Neleus  (ca.   1000  B.  C),  son  of  King 

Codrus:  establishes  Miletus,  2,  55 
Nelson,  New  Zealand:  settled,  20,  212 
Nelson,  Horatio,  first  Viscount  Nel- 
son, English  naval  officer,  called  the 
Duke  of  Thunder:  born  at  Burn- 
ham-Thorpe,  Norfolk,  England,  Sep- 
tember 29,  1758;  entered  the  navy, 
1770;  made  post-captain,  1779; 
served  in  the  American  war;  made 
captain  of  the  Agamemnon,  1793; 
took  part  in  the  battle  off  Cape  St. 
Vincent,  1797;  attempted  to  inter- 
cept Napoleon's  expedition  to 
Egypt,  1798;  failed  in  this,  but  de- 
stroyed the  French  fleet  in  the  har- 
bor of  Aboukir,  August  1-2,  1798; 
made  vice-admiral  and  a  peer,  1800; 
was  made  Viscount  Nelson  after 
winning  the  battle  of  Copenhagen, 
1801;  fought  the  French-Spanish 
fleet  off  Cape  Trafalgar,  October  21, 
1805,  but  lost  his  life  in  the  engage- 
ment; was  buried  in  St.  Paul's  Ca- 
thedral, January  8,   1806 

At  the  battle  off  Cape  St.  Vincent, 
11,  547;  wins  the  battle  of  the  Nile, 
9,  309,  11,  549;  at  the  battle  of  Co- 
penhagen, 11,  552,  16,  255;  in  Rus- 


sia, 15,  208;  at  the  battle  of  Trafal- 
gar, 8,  484,  9,  324,  10,  463,  11,  557, 

23,  406 

Nelson,  Samuel  (1792-1873),  American 
judge:   in  Joint   High   Commission, 

24,  883 

Nelson,  William  (1 825-1 862),  Amer- 
ican general:  organizes  Kentucky 
troops,  24,  722 

Nemed,  leader  of  Nemedians:  leads 
colonists  to  Ireland,  12,  23 

Nemesis:  Greek  theory  of,  2,  124 

Nemours,  Duke  of  (17th  century), 
French  commander:  commands 
troops  in  insurrection  of  the 
Fronde,  9,  204 

Nemours,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  con- 
cluded at  Nemours,  between  Henry 
III,  and  the  chiefs  of  the  league 
(1585),  9,  161 

Neo-Hellenic   Party,  The:  in   Greece, 

3,  548 

Neolithic  Age:  in  America,  23,  13;  in 
Egypt,  1,  4;  in  England,  11,  4;  in 
Greece,  2,  21 

Nepherites:  see  Naifaarut 

Nepokoi-shitski,  General  (19th  cen- 
tury), Russian  military  officer:  his 
campaign  against  Turkey,  15,  333 

Nepomuck,  Saint  John  of:  see  John 
of  Nepomuck,  Saint 

Nepos,  Julius  (d.  480  A.  D.),  Emperor 
of  the  West,  474-475:  reign  of,  4, 
ISO 

Neras,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  concluded 
between  the  religious  combatants 
of  France  (1578),  9,  160 

Nerchinsk,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  con- 
cluded between  China  and  Russia 
(1689),  6,  67,  80 

Neresheim,  Germany:  battle  of  (1796), 
9,  300 

Nergal-sharezer  (Neriglissar),  King 
of  Babylon,  ca.  550  B.  C:  reign  of, 
1,  93 

Nergal-ushegib,  King  of  Babylon,  ca. 
690  B.   C:  reign  of,  1,  88 

Neri,  Italian  political  faction:  rise  of, 

4,  212 

Neriglissar:  see  Nergal-sharezer 
Nero     (originally     Lucius     Domitius 
Ahenobarbus,    later    Nero    Claudius 
Caesar  Drusus  Germanicus),  Roman 


498 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Emperor,  54-68  A.  D.:  born  at  An- 
tium,  Italy,  December  15,  37  A.  D.; 
adopted  by  his  step-father,  the  Em- 
peror Claudius,  50  A.  D.;  succeeded 
Claudius,  54  A.  D.,  to  the  exclusion 
of  Claudius's  son  Britannicus; 
caused  Britannicus  to  be  poisoned, 
55;  procured  the  assassination  of  his 
mother,  59;  was  accused  of  kindling 
the  fire  which  destroyed  a  large 
part  of  Rome,  64,  and  to  divert 
suspicion  ordered  a  persecution  of 
the  Christians  whom  he  accused  of 
causing  the  conflagration;  visited 
Greece,  66-68;  overthrown  by  a  re- 
volt under  Galba,  68;  and  commit- 
ted suicide  near  Rome,  June  9,  68 
A.  D. 

Adopted  by  Claudius,  4,  60;  reign 
of,  62;  condition  of  Spain  under,  8, 
25;  mentioned,  2,  523;  death  of,  4, 
68 

Nero,  Gaius  Claudius  (ca.  200  B.  C.)> 
Roman  consul:  sent  to  Spain,  3, 
126;  at  battle  of  Grumentum,  128; 
at  battle  of  Metaurus,  128 

Nero  of  the  North,  The:  see  Chris- 
tian II,  King  of  Denmark 

Nerva,  Cocceius  (ca.  40  B.  C.)»  Roman 
statesman:  influences  a  new  division 
of  territory  among  the  triumvirs,  4, 
20 

Nerva,  Cocceius  (d.  33  A.  D.),  Roman 
jurist:  death  of,  4,  53 

Nerva,  Marcus  Cocceius  (32-98  A.  D.), 
Roman  Emperor,  96-98  A.  D.:  reign 
of,  4,  86 

Nerva,  Publius  (ca.  100  B.  C),  Roman 
statesman:  governor  of  Sicily,  3, 
187 

Nes-bi-n-dedi:  see  Smendes 

Nessebrode,  Count  Karl  Robert  (1780- 
1862),  Russian  statesman  and  diplo- 
matist: plans  present  division  of 
Poland,  17,  313;  his  interview  with 
Metternich,  325;  in  Crimean  war, 
14,  450,  451,  453 

Nestor,  legendary  King  of  Pylus:  in 
Homeric  poems,  2,  33 

Nestor  (ca.  1056-1114),  Russian  chron- 
icler: chronicle  of,   15,   195 


Nestor  of  Europe,  The:  see  Leopold 
I,  King  of  Belgium 

Nestorian  Christians,  a  modern  Chris- 
tian body  in  Persia  and  Turkey,  the 
remnant  of  the  followers  of  Nesto- 
rius:  their  missionaries  in  China,  6, 

15,  19 

Netherlands:  see  Holland 

Neuburg,  a  town  in  Bavaria:  battle 
of   (1800),  9,  317 

Neuchatel,  a  canton  of  Switzerland: 
transferred  to  Prussia,  13,  479;  rev- 
olution in  (1830),  538;  outline  of  its 
history,  558 

Neueneck,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1798),   13,   511 

Neufchateau,  Count  Francois  of 
(1750-1828),  French  statesman  and 
poet:  made  member  of  the  direct- 
ory, 9,  305 

Neuhausel,  Hungary:  taken  by  Turks 
(1663),  14,  236;  retained  by  treaty, 
242 

Neuss,  Prussia:  siege  of  (1474-1475), 
13,  46,  406,  18,  217 

Neutral  rights:  in  treaty  of  Ghent 
(1814),  23,  429 

Neutrals,  League  of,  the  revival  of  a 
convention  formed  by  Russia,  Den- 
mark, Sweden,  and  Prussia  during 
the  American  Revolution  to  protect 
their  commerce  from  English  coer- 
cion: revival  of  (1800),  10,  446 

Neva,  a  river  of  northern  Russia:  bat- 
tle of  the   (1240),   15,  10 

Nevada,  a  state  of  the  United  States, 
means  "white  as  snow"  or  "snow- 
clad,"  called  The  Sage  Hen  State: 
ceded  to  the  United  States,  24,  552; 
Presidential  election  of  1880,  931; 
Presidential  election  of  1900,  1040 

Nevers,  Charles  de  Gonzaga,  Duke  of: 
see  Gonzaga,  Charles  de,  Duke  of 
Nevers 

Nevers,  John  the  Fearless,  Count  of: 
see  John  the  Fearless,  Duke  of  Bur- 
gundy 

Nevil  (Nevill),  George  (1433-1476), 
Archbishop  of  York,  English  prel- 
ate: deprived  of  chancellorship,  11, 
216 


GENERAL    INDEX 


499 


Nevill  (Nevil),  John  (d.  1471).  Mar- 
quis of  Montague  and  Earl  of 
Northumberland,  brother  of  the 
great  Earl  of  Warwick:  defeats 
Queen  Margaret,  II,  215;  deserts 
Edward  IV,  217;  death  of,  217 

Nevill  (Nevil),  Richard,  Earl  of  War- 
wick: see  Warwick,  Richard  Nevill, 
Earl  of 

Nevill's  Cross,  England:  battle  of 
(1346),   11,    161 

New  Africa,  old  Roman  province  in 
Numidia:  formed,  3,  360 

New  Amsterdam:  see  New  York  City 

New  Berne  or  Newbern,  North  Caro- 
lina: massacre  at,  23,  74 

New  Brunswick,  a  province  of  the 
Dominion  of  Canada:  contests  be- 
tween the  governor  and  the  legisla- 
ture, 20,  163;  boundary  dispute  with 
Maine,  23,  514 

New  Caledonia,  an  island  in  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  east  of  Australia:  taken 
by  France  (1853),  20,  275 

New  England,  a  name  given  collec- 
tively to  the  northeastern  section  of 
the  United  States,  consisting  of 
Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont, 
Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  and 
Rhode  Island:  explored  and  named 
by  Capt.  John  Smith,  23,  87;  popu- 
lation at  outbreak  of  the  Revolution, 
127;  manufacturing  and  maritime 
industries,  134;  shipbuilding,  135; 
literature  and  arts,  142;  colonial 
newspapers,  144;  Congregational 
church  in  every  town,  145;  social 
life,  155;  opposition  of,  to  War  of 
1812,  430;  granted  immunities  in 
War  of  1812,  431;  immigration  to 
Ohio  from,  442;  accepts  high  tariff 
on  raw  material,  473;  condemns  Bu- 
chanan's Kansas  policy,  24,  670;  en- 
thusiastic reception  of  Lincoln's 
speeches,  681 

New  England  Anti-Slavery  Society,  a 
society  organized  in  Boston,  de- 
manding immediate  and  uncondi- 
tional abolition  of  slavery  in  the 
United  States:  organized  (1831),  24, 

■574 
New  England  Confederation,  a  league 


formed  by  the  Connecticut,  New 
Haven,  Plymouth,  and  Massachu- 
setts colonies  for  their  common  wel- 
fare and  defense:  formation  of 
(1643),  23,  96;  articles  of,  96;  status 
of  Massachusetts  in,  97;  dissolved, 
97;  decline  of,  after  Restoration,  99 

New  France,  North  American  colony: 
named,  20,  49;  history  of,  81; 
growth  of,  106;  summary  of,  23, 
51;  see  also  Canada 

New  Granada,  province  of  South 
America:  created,  20,  104;  made  a 
viceroyalty,  21,  40;  during  the  revo- 
lution, 63;  united  with  Venezuela, 
69;  see  also  Colombia 

New  Guinea,  island  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean:  British  possessions  in,  20, 
217,  256;  German  possessions  in, 
302 

New  Hampshire,  one  of  the  United 
States,  called  The  Granite  State: 
Gosnold  explores  the  coast,  23,  54; 
origin,  95;  first  settlements,  95;  dis- 
sensions of,  95;  made  separate  royal 
province,  95;  forms  Vermont,  95; 
colonial  government  of,  115;  linen 
manufactures  of,  134;  educational 
growth,  140;  Congregational  Church 
supported  by  taxation,  148;  aids  in 
capture  of  Louisburg,  164;  adopts  a 
constitution,  238;  quarrels  with  New 
York  over  Vermont,  312;  paper  cur- 
rency riots,  316;  disorders  in  colony, 
321;  appoints  delegates  for  Annap- 
olis Convention,  322;  chooses  dele- 
gates for  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion, 323;  ratifies  the  Constitution, 
336;  opposes  financial  plans  of 
Hamilton,  350;  attitude  toward  War 
of  1812,  431;  in  Hartford  Conven- 
tion, 23,  431;  measures  toward  abo- 
lition of  slavery  adopted,  24,  563; 
education  of  negroes  prohibited  in, 
575;  state  election  of  1855,  646; 
Presidential  election  of  1892  in,  992 

New  Haven,  Connecticut,  called  the 
City  of  Elms:  origin  of,  23,  92;  in- 
cluded in  Connecticut  Charter,  93; 
in  New  England  Confederation,  96; 
Yale  College  founded  at,  140;  suf- 
frage laws,  148 


500 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


New  Holland:  see  Australia 

New  Jersey,  one  of  the  United  States, 
called  Jersey  Blue:  under  the  juris- 
diction of  Andros,  ioo;  early  his- 
tory, 108;  Franklin  acts  as  agent  to 
England  for,  122;  statistics  at  out- 
break of  Revolution,  126;  status  of 
society  at  outbreak  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, 132;  Princeton  and  Rutgers 
Colleges  founded,  141;  early 
churches,  148;  Washington  retreats 
across,  246;  mutiny  of  troops  in 
(1781),  306;  takes  lighthouse  at 
Sandy  Hook,  312;  chooses  delegates 
to  Constitutional  Convention,  322; 
ratifies  the  Constitution,  336; 
measures  for  gradual  emancipation 
adopted,  24,  564;  abolition  societies 
formed,  571;  Presidential  elections 
of,  1856,  656;  of  i860,  683;  opposes 
Lincoln's  re-election,  802;  Presiden- 
tial elections  of  1868,  861;  of  1876, 
910;  1880,  931;  1884,  947;  1888,  967; 
1892,  992 

New  Jersey  Plan,  a  formulation  of  the 
views  of  the  adherents  of  the  Arti- 
cles of  Confederation  (1787),  23, 
326 

New  Laws,  governing  Spain's  colo- 
nial possessions:  introduced  by 
Charles  V   (1542),  20,  45 

New  Madrid,  Missouri:  captured 
(1862),  24,  749 

New  Mexico,  a  territory  of  the  United 
States:  General  Kearny  takes  pos- 
session of  (1846),  24,  549;  ceded  to 
the  United  States,  552;  bought  by 
the  United  States,  22,  381;  organ- 
ized as  a  territory,  24,  599;  bound- 
ary dispute  with  Texas  in  the  Com- 
promise of  1850,  601;  admission  to 
the  Union  refused,  1054;  admission 
to  the  Union  reconsidered,  1083 

New  Netherlands:  see  New  York 

New  Orange:  see  Albany 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana:  prehistoric 
skeleton  found  at,  23,  4;  in  French 
claims,  168;  ceded  to  Spain  (1763), 
120,  198;  battle  of  (1815),  427,  461; 
resolution  of  appropriation  for 
painting  to  commemorate  battle  of, 


474;  population  in  time  of  Jackson, 
479;  outbreak  against  Spanish,  24, 
626;  Confederates  seize  United 
'States  mint,  692;  capture  of  (1862), 
751;  taxation  rate  following  recon- 
struction, 867;  governorship  contest 
in,  868  note;  branch  of  the  Whiskey 
Ring,  894;  outbreak  of  yellow  fever 
epidemic  (1878),  923;  Cotton  Cen- 
tennial held  at,  940;  State  Lottery, 
973;  Italians  lynched  in,  976 

New  Panama  Company,  second  com- 
pany formed  to  construct  a  canal 
across  the  Isthmus  of  Panama 
(1884):  organized,  24,  1057 

New  Peruvian  Route  to  the  Plain  of 
the  Amazon,  A:  described,  21,  305 

New  Plymouth,  New  Zealand,  settled 
(ca.  1841),  20,  212;  takes  name  of 
Taranaki  (1859),  214 

New  Republic,  independent  Boer  state 
in  southern  Africa:  founded,  19, 
216 

New  Ritualists,  Russian  religious 
schismatics:  origin  of,  15,  23 

New  Ross,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1798), 
12,  211 

New  Salem,  Illinois:  Lincoln  made 
postmaster  of,  24,  666 

New  Siberia  Islands,  Arctic  Ocean: 
discovered,  16,  317 

New  South  Wales,  South-Eastern 
Australia:  receives  its  name,  20, 
181;  government  of,  197;  ratifies  the 
new  Constitution  (1899),  20,  206 

New  Spain  (Nueva  Espana),  a  name 
given  to  Central  America  and  Mex- 
ico:   first   application   of  the   name, 

22,  4 

New  Sweden,  Delaware:  founded,  23, 

108 
New  Testament:  see  Bible 
New   World,    The    Gibraltar   of:    see 

Quebec 
New   York    City    (New   Amsterdam), 

New  York:  founded,  13,  221,  20,  64, 

23,  102;  captured  by  the  English, 
11,  386;  condition  of  the  Jews,  1, 
424;  negro  massacres  (1711  and 
1741),  23,  132;  population  at  out- 
break  of   the    Revolution,    127;   be- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


501 


comes  center  of  trade  and  com- 
merce, 136;  stage-line  to  Philadel- 
phia established,  151;  mails  with 
Philadelphia  established,  152;  in- 
auguration of  Washington,  341;  pro- 
posed for  Capital,  350;  population 
in  time  of  Jackson,  479;  becomes 
metropolis,  480;  anti-slavery  mass 
meeting,  24,  636;  visit  of  Louis  Kos- 
suth, 640;  Lincoln  makes  speech  at, 
706;  demonstrations  over  iall  of 
Richmond,  811;  draft  riots  (1865), 
818;  popular  respect  shown  to  Lin- 
coln's remains,  827;  Democratic 
convention  (1868),  858;  Tweed  Ring, 
897;  centennial  anniversary  of  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution,  987 

New  York  Regiment,  Seventh:  gar- 
risons Washington  (1861),  24,  730 

New  York  State,  one  of  the  United 
States,  called  The  Empire  State, 
The  Excelsior  State,  and  the  Knick- 
erbocker State:  Champlain  explores, 
23,  50;  under  jurisdiction  of  Andros, 
100;  explorations  of  Hudson,  101; 
settlement  of  Dutch,  102;  struggle 
for  liberty,  103;  surrendered  to  Eng- 
lish, 104;  secures  liberal  charter, 
105;  statistics  at  outbreak  of  the 
Revolution,  126;  patroon  system, 
132;  trade  in  furs  and  peltries,  136; 
public  schools  and  colleges  estab- 
lished, 140;  colonial  newspapers, 
144;  Catholics  denied  franchise,  148; 
Dutch  Reformed  Church  estab- 
lished, 148;  Acts  of  1700  and  1744 
passed,  148;  Episcopal  Church  es- 
tablished, 148;  establishes  a  monthly 
mail  between  New  York  City  and 
Boston,  152;  in  Colonial  Congress, 
158;  Parliament  suspends  function 
of  legislature  (1767),  215;  cedes  to 
United  States  her  claims  to  western 
lands,  302;  taxes  produce  from  New 
Jersey  and  Connecticut,  311;  quar- 
rels with  New  Hampshire  over  Ver- 
mont, 312;  gives  up  claims  to  North- 
west Territory,  317;  rejects  impost 
amendment  to  Articles  of  Confed- 
eration, 322;  chooses  delegates  for 
Constitutional  Convention,  323;  rat- 


ification of  national  Constitution, 
337;  rank  as  to  population,  479; 
panic  of  1837,  512;  sympathizes  in 
Canadian  Insurrection,  515;  two 
delegations  sent  to  Democratic 
convention  (1848),  24,  555;  election 
of  1848,  559;  measures  for  gradual 
emancipation  adopted,  564;  abolition 
societies  formed,  571;  negro  rescue 
at  Syracuse  (1851),  616;  state  elec- 
tion of  1855,  646;  Presidential  elec- 
tion of  1854,  645;  condemns  Buchan- 
an's Kansas  policy,  670;  meeting  of 
the  Albany  Democracy,  816;  Presi- 
dential election  of  1868,  861;  election 
of  1874,  897;  Presidential  election 
of  1876,  910;  Blaine's  campaign 
speeches  (1884),  947;  Presidential 
elections  of  1884,  947;  of  1888,  967; 
Mormonism  originates  in,  982; 
Presidential  election  of  1892,  992 

New  York  Trespass  Act,  in  American 
history,  law  by  which  damages 
could  be  recovered  from  Tories  who 
had  taken  possession  of  the  aban- 
doned estates  of  Whigs  (ca.  1784), 
23,  308 

New  Zealand,  island  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  called  the  Britain  of  the 
South:  discovered,  20,  123;  history 
of,  210 

New  Zealand  Company,  an  English 
trading  company:  chartered,  20, 
212;  dissolved,  213 

Newark,  Ohio:  settled  by  New  Eng- 
enders, 23,  108 

Newark  (Newark-upon-Trent),  Eng- 
land: sieges  of  (1645),  12,  340; 
(1646),  11,  355 

Newberry,  James  (late  16th  century), 
English  mercantile  adventurer:  set- 
tles in  India,  5,  157 

Newburgh,  William  of:  see  William 
of  Newburgh 

Newburn,  England:  battle  of  (1640), 
11,  337,  12,  339 

Newbury,  England:  battles  of  (1643), 
11,  345;   (1644),  350 

Newcastle,  a  town  in  New  South 
Wales,  Australia:  founded,  20,  184 

Newcastle,    Henry    Pelham    Pelham- 


502 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Clinton,  Duke  of  (1811-1864),  Eng- 
lish military  officer:  in  the  Crimean 
War,  15,  310 

Newcastle,  Thomas  Pelham,  Duke  of 
(1693-1768),  English  statesman: 
sketch  of,  11,  484;  made  Prime 
Minister,  494;  becomes  First  Lord 
of  the  Treasury,  499;  resigns,  505 

Newcastle,  William  Cavendish,  Mar- 
quis of  (1592-1676),  English  states- 
man and  writer:  commands  Royal- 
ist forces,  11,  345 

Newcastle-on-Tyne,  a  town  in  Eng- 
land: built,  11,  86;  siege  of  (1644), 
12,  339 

Newchwang,  a  city  in  Manchuria, 
China:  treaty  port,  6,  166,  311,  315 

Newfoundland,  an  island  of  North 
America:  settled  by  the  Northmen, 
21,  3;  discovered  by  the  English, 
5,  156,  20,  49,  21,  15;  settled  by  the 
English,  20,  49;  becomes  England's 
property,  20,  86,  23,  162;  under  Eng- 
lish rule,  20,  149;  fishery  privileges 
granted  to  the  United  States,  23, 
443,  24,  959;  Hay-Bond  Treaty  pro- 
posed with,  24,  1077;  history  of,  20, 
177 

Newman,  John  Henry  (1801-1890), 
English  clergyman:  mentioned,  11, 
611 

Newnes,  Sir  George  (1851 ),  Eng- 
lish publisher  and  politician:  sends 
out  Antarctic  expedition,  16,  334 

Newport,  Rhode  Island:  founded 
(1636),  23,  94;  center  of  rum  and 
negro  trade,   135 

Newport,  Christopher  (ca.  1565-1617), 
English  navigator:  in  command  of 
Virginia  settlers,  23,  57;  conference 
with  Powhatan,  58 

Newport,  Treaty  (or  Negotiation)  of, 
negotiations  opened  between  the 
Houses  of  Parliament  and  Charles 
II   (1648):  mentioned,  11,  360 

Newspapers,  American:  in  the  colo- 
nies, 23,  144;  influence  of  New 
York  "Tribune,"  24,  799;  sup- 
pressed during  Civil  War,  817 

Newton,  Sir  Isaac,  an  English  mathe- 
matician and  natural  philosopher: 
born    at    Woolsthorpe,    near    Gran- 


tham, Lincolnshire,  England,  De- 
cember 25,  1642;  matriculated  at 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  July 
8,  1661,  and  graduated  January, 
1665;  made  a  fellow  of  Trinity, 
1667,  and  Lucasian  professor  at 
Cambridge,  1669;  became  a  fellow 
of  the  Royal  Society,  January, 
1672;  had  completely  elaborated 
the  universal  law  of  gravitation  by 
1685;  represented  the  University  of 
Cambridge  in  Parliament,  1689; 
was  reelected,  1701;  was  master  of 
the  mint,  1699;  and  the  reformation 
of  the  English  coinage  was  largely 
his  work;  was  elected  foreign  asso- 
ciate of  the  French  Academy  of 
Sciences,  1699;  elected  President  of 
the  Royal  Society,  1703,  an  office 
which  he  held  until  his  death  at 
Kensington,  England,  March  20, 
1727 

Sketch  of,   11,  419;  assists  in  re- 
storing the  currency,  444 

Newtownbarry,  Ireland:  battles  of 
(1798),  12,  211;   (1831),  224 

Newtownbutler,  Ireland:  battle  of 
(1689),   12,   140 

Ney,  Michel,  Duke  of  Elchingen, 
Prince  de  la  Moskowa  (1 769-181 5), 
French  soldier,  called  the  Bravest 
of  the  Brave:  made  marshal  of  the 
empire,  9,  322;  in  the  Napoleonic 
wars,  18,  384,  389;  his  campaign 
against  Russia,  15,  226;  joins  Na- 
poleon, 9,  360,  10,  500;  in  the 
Waterloo  campaign,  13,  287;  death 
of,  9,  368 

Neyen,  John  de  (early  17th  century), 
Dutch  diplomat:  his  mission  to 
The  Hague,  13,  185 

Nezib,  Syria:  battle  of  (1839),  9,  419, 
14,  436,  15,  292 

Niagara,  New  York:  expedition 
planned  against,  23,  176;  captured 
by  English  (1758),  192;  (1814),  20, 
154;  given  up  by  England,  23,  362 

"Niagara,"  American  frigate:  boarded 
by  Perry,  23,  423 

Niagara  Falls,  New  York:  Whig 
demonstration  at  (1852),  24,  621 

Niall  of  the  Nine  Hostages,  King  of 


GENERAL    INDEX 


503 


Ireland,  379-405  A.  D.:  reign  of,  12, 

25 

Nibelungenlied,  The,  German  poem: 
account  of,  16,  9,  13,  18,  178 

Nicaea  (Nice),  Asia  Minor:  Greek 
empire  in,  2,  536;  desired  by  the 
Turks,  14,  5,  17;  surrenders  to  Ork- 
han,  23;  sacked  by  Timur,  51 

Nicaea,  Councils  of,  Church  councils: 
(325  A.  D.),  2,  527,  4,  121;  (789  A. 
D.),  9,  43 

Nicaragua,  a  state  of  Central  Amer- 
ica: history  of,  22,  439;  early  nego- 
tiations concerning  a  canal,  24, 
613;  Walker  attempts  to  form  a  re- 
public in,  626;  canal  treaty  with  the 
United  States,  959;  grants  conces- 
sion for  canal  construction,  1055; 
failure  of  American  construction 
company,   1057 

Nice,  France:  siege  of,  4,  305;  cap- 
tured by  the  French,  9,  143 

Nicephorus  I,  Byzantine  Emperor, 
802-811  A.  D.:  acknowledges 
Charlemagne's  title,  18,  85;  at  war 
with  the  Saracens,  1,  351 

Nicephorus  (II)  Phocas,  Byzantine 
Emperor,  963-969  A.  D.:  career  of, 

1,  367 

Niceratus,  son  of  Nicias,  an  Athe- 
nian: put  to  death,  2,  384 

Nicholas  II  (Gerard),  Pope,  1058- 
1061:  supported  by  the  Council  of 
Spalato,  17,  38;  opposes  the  em- 
pire, 18,  131 

Nicholas  III  (Giovanni  Gaetano), 
Pope,  1277-1280:  enforces  measures 
of  reconciliation  in  all  Italian  cities, 
4,  213;  interferes  between  Philip 
of  France  and  Alfonso  of  Leon,  8, 
155;  progress  of  temporal  power  of 
Papacy  under,  4,  220 

Nicholas  IV  (Girolamo  d'Aseoli), 
Pope,  1288-1292:  sends  embassy  to 
Arghun,  5,  335 

Nicholas  V  (Tommaso  Parentricolli), 
Pope,  1447-1455:  accession,  4,  277; 
grants  jurisdiction  of  African  dis- 
coveries to  Portuguese,  5,  146 

Nicholas  I  (1796-1855),  Emperor  of 
Russia,    1825-1855,    called    the    Iron 


Emperor:  made  heir  presumptive, 
15,  267;  favors  Holland  in  Belgian 
Revolution,  13,  298;  accession  of, 
15,  271;  crowned  at  Warsaw,  293; 
his  relations  to  the  Eastern  Ques- 
tion, 11,  614,  14,  422,  2,  545,  17, 
325,  349;  policy  of,  14,  444;  assists 
Austria,  18,  401;  death  of,  14,  458, 
15,  317 

Nicholas   II    (1868 ),    Emperor   of 

Russia,    1894 :    visits    Japan,    7, 

191.  *5,  345;  visits  India,  5,  273, 
15,  345;  accession  of,  14,  495,  15, 
345;  reign  of,  15,  345;  visits  France, 
9,  489,  15,  348 

Nicholas    (I)    Petrovitch,    Prince    of 

Montenegro,    i860 :    sketch    of, 

15,  343 

Nicholas  Nikolaivitch  (1831-1891), 
Grand  Duke  of  Russia:  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Inkerman,  15,  316;  in  Russo- 
Turkish   War    (1870),    14,   479,    15, 

333 

Nicholas  von  der  Flue  (1417-1487), 
a   Swiss  hermit:   sketch  of,   13,  411 

Nicholaus  (late  12th  century),  Bishop 
of  Oslo,  a  Scandinavian  bishop: 
founds  the  Croziers,  16,  98 

Nicholaus  Albinensis:  see  Adrian 
IV,  Pope 

Nicholls,  Francis  T.  (19th  century), 
an  American  politician:  elected 
governor  of  Louisiana,  24,  872  note 

Nicholson,  Sir  Francis  (d.  1728),  a 
British  colonial  official:  captures 
Port  Royal,  23,  161;  burns  fort 
near   Lake   Champlain,   162 

Nicholson,  John  (1821-1857),  an  Eng- 
lish soldier:  sketch  of,  5,  235 

Nicias  (d.  413  B.  C),  Athenian  gen- 
eral: opposes  Cleon,  2,  305;  cap- 
tures Cythera,  309;  concludes  peace 
of  Nicias,  317;  opposes  Alcibiades, 
322;  opposes  Sicilian  expedition, 
329;  sent  to  Sicily,  332;  his  plans, 
333;  besieges  Syracuse,  337;  his 
dilatoriness,  338  ;  sends  for  aid, 
340;  refuses  to  raise  siege,  343; 
captured,   347;    slain,   347 

Nicobar  Islands,  Bay  of  Bengal: 
sketch  of,  20,  253 


504 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Nicodemia,  Asia  Minor:  made  capi- 
tal of  Roman  province,  2,  526 

Nicodromus  (5th  century  B.  C.)» 
Greek  citizen  of  Aegina:  conspiracy 
of,  *,   173 

Nicola,  Colonel  (late  18th  century), 
American  army  officer:  invites 
Washington  to  assume  dictatorship, 
23,  306 

Nicolas:  see  Nicholas 

Nicolls,  Sir  Richard  (1 624-1 672),  the 
first  English  colonial  governor  of 
New  York:  sent  with  king's  troops, 

23,  104 

Nicolsburg,  Treaties  of:  (1)  a  treaty 
by  which  Bethlen  gave  up  the 
crown  of  Hungary  to  Ferdinand  II 
(1620),  17,  226;  (2)  a  treaty  by 
which  Austria  gave  up  her  leader- 
ship in  Germany  to  Prussia  (1866), 
17,  392,  18,  412 

Nicomedes  (III)  Philopator,  King  of 
Bithynia,  91-74  B.  C:  invades  Pon- 
tus,  3,  215 

Nicomedia,  ancient  city  of  Bithynia, 
Asia   Minor:   desired  by  Ottomans, 

14,  17;  captured  by  Orkhan,  23 
Nicopolis,  Pontus,  Asia  Minor:  found- 
ed, 3,  275;  battle  of  (48  B.  C),  354 

Nicopolis  (Nikopoli),  Bulgaria:  battle 
of  (1396),  9,  109,  13,  37,  14,  37,  17, 
155;  seized  by  the  Russians  (1877), 

15,  333 

Nicosia,  Cyprus:  siege  of,  4,  309 

Nidhart  of  Reuenthal  (13th  century), 
Bavarian  poet:  sketch  of,  17,  98 

Nidwalden,  Switzerland:  opposes  the 
Helvetic  Constitution,  13,  514 

Niebuhr,  Barthold  Georg  (1776-1831), 
German  historian  and  critic:  his  ef- 
forts to  liberate  Germany,  18,  375 

Niebuhr,  Karstf  is  (1733-1815),  Ger- 
man traveler:  Bernstorf  sends  to 
Arabia,   16,  240 

Niel,  Adolphe  (1802-1869),  French 
marshal:  made  minister  of  war, 
9,  459;  makes  an  inspection  of  the 
Franco-Belgian  frontier,  13,  309 

Niels  I,  King  of  Denmark,  1105-1135: 
reign  of,  16,  75;  death  of,  77 

Niemcewicz,  Julian  Ursyn  (1757-1841), 


Polish     statesman,     historian,     and 

poet:  quoted,  15,  202 
Nien,  General  (18th  century),  Chinese 

military  officer:  account  of,  6,  79 
Nienfei    Rebels,    Chinese    marauders: 

rebellion  of,  6,  209 
Nienschantz,      Sweden:     capture     of 

(1703),  15,  91 
Nieuport,    Belgium:    siege    of    (1600), 

13,  172 
Nifisay    (14th    century),    daughter    of 

Murad:  marriage  of,  14,  31 
Niger,   river   in   Africa:   struggle   for, 

19,  147 

Niger,   Caius   Pescennius    (d.    194   A. 

D.),  Roman  commander:  proclaimed 

emperor  by  his  troops,  4,  100 
Nigeria,  Africa:  formed,  19,  156 
Night    Caps    (Nattmosser),    Swedish 

party:  mentioned,  16,  226 
Nightingale,      Florence      (1820 ), 

English  philanthropist:  her  work  in 

Crimea,  11,  617,  14,  458 
Nihilism:  sketch  of,  15,  332,  341 
Nikaia,  India:  founded,  5,  68 
Nikitin,  Athanasius  (d.  1472),  Russian 

traveler:  visits  India,  5,  141 
Nikko,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  170 
Nikolaus  (13th  century),  grandson  of 

Valdemar  II:  invested  with  Bleking 

and  Halland,  16,  91 
Nikolsburg:  see  Nicolsburg 
Nikon     (1605-1681),    Russian    scholar 

and  theologian,  Patriarch  of  Russia: 

schism  of,  15,  22 
Nile,  Africa:   battle  of  the   (1798),  8, 

483,  527,   10,  409,   11,  549,   14,  380, 

20,  141 

Nilsson,  Carl  (14th  century),  Swedish 
citizen:  death  of,  16,  109 

Nimeguen  (Nimwegen,  Nymwegen), 
Peace  of,  a  series  of  treaties  con- 
cluded between  France  and  the 
United  Provinces  in  1678  and  1679, 
8,  383,  9,  212,  11,  405,  13,  240,  241, 
18,  302,  19,  33,  20,  64,  72 

Nimeguen  on  the  Waal,  Netherlands: 
battles  of  (1589),  13,  1555  0794),  9, 
290 

Nimmyo,  Emperor  of  Japan,  12th 
century:  marriage  of,  7,  45 


GENERAL    INDEX 


505 


Nimrod,  The  Modern:  see  Napoleon 
(I)  Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the 
French 

Nimrud:  see  Calah 

"Nina,"  Spanish  vessel:  fitted  out  for 
Columbus,  23,  29 

Nine  Days'  Queen:  see  Grey,  Lady 
Jane 

Nine  Hostages,  Hero  of  the:  see  Nial 
the  Great,  King  of  Ireland 

"Nine  Ways,"  The:  chosen  as  site  for 
Athenian  fort,  2,  236 

Ninety-six,  South  Carolina:  battle  of 
(1780),  23,  274;  recaptured  by 
Americans,  23,  282 

Ninety-two  Resolutions,  a  statement 
of  grievances  addressed  by  Canada 
to  the  English  government,  20,  155 

Nineveh  (Nina,  Ninua),  in  ancient 
geography,  a  city  of  the  Assyrian 
empire:  location  of,  I,  64;  sacked 
and  burned  (606  B.  C),  92,  158;  bat- 
tle of  (627  A.  D.),  5,  321 

Ningpo,  China:  occupation  of,  6,  138 

Ningyuan,  China:  defense  of,  6,  46 

Nino,  Alonso  (1455-1505),  Spanish 
navigator:  discoveries  of,  21,  15 

Ninth  Virginia  Regiment:  loss  at 
Gettysburg,  24,  782 

Nioro,  Africa:  captured  by  the  French 
(1891),  19,  151 

Nioto,  General  (19th  century),  South 
American  military  officer:  aids  Cas- 
tilla,  21,  199 

Nisch,  Egypt:  captured  from  the 
Turks  (1688),  17,  231;  sieges  of 
(1690),  14,  259;  (1737),  310 

Nishi-Rosen  Protocol,  an  agreement 
concluded  between  Russia  and  Ja- 
pan defining  their  position  in  Korea 
(1898),    7,   296 

Nisibin,  Asia  Minor:  battle  of,  1,  38 

Nisibis,  Turkish  Empire:  siege  of 
(337  A.  D.),  5,  318 

Nissa,  Servia:  captured  by  the  Turks 
(1376),  14,  30;  Turks  defeated  near 
(1443),  62 

Nissa  River,  Denmark:  battle  of 
(1064),   16,  67 

Nissage-Saget  (late  19th  century), 
mulatto  president  of  Hayti,  1870- 
1874:  his  administration,  22,  501 


Nitokris:  see  Neit-akrit 

Nitra,  Moravia:  oldest  Moravian 
Christian  church  consecrated  at,  17, 
30;  taken  by  the  Bohemians,  74 

Nitta  Yoshisada  (14th  century),  Japa- 
nese noble  and  soldier:  besieges 
Mount  Kongo  (1333),  7,  86;  sketch 
of,  87;  his  campaign  against  Ashi- 
kaga  Takauji,  88;  death  of,  90 

Niu-chwang,  Manchuria,  Chinese  Em- 
pire: captured  by  the  Japanese 
(1895),  7,  272;  occupied  by  Russia, 
285 

Nivelle,  river  of  southern  France:  bat- 
tle of  the  (1814),  8,  531 

Nizam  Shahi  Dynasty,  Mohammedan 
kingdom  in  India  (1490-1636):  ac- 
count of,  5,  106 

Nizam-ul-Mulk  (nth  century),  Per- 
sian statesman:  career  of,  5,  331 

Nizam-ul-Mulk  Asof  Jah  (Chin  Kuleck 
Khan)  (18th  century),  independent 
ruler  of  the  viceroyalty  of  the  Dec- 
can  in  India,  1720-1724:  revolt  of, 
5,  126;  founds  a  dynasty,  178 

Njord,  one  of  the  Norse  gods  and  a 
legendary  King  of  Sweden:  account 
of,  16,  35 

Noailles,  Adrien  Maurice,  Duke  of 
(1678-1766),  French  statesman: 
president  of  the  council  of  finance, 
9,  227;  dismissed  from  the  office, 
230;   campaign  in   Germany,  236 

Noailles,  Louis  Antoine  de  (1695- 
1729),  French  ecclesiastic  and  diplo- 
mat: president  of  the  Council  of 
Conscience,  9,  227 

Noailles,  Viscomte  Louis  Marie  de 
(1756-1804),  French  statesman:  in- 
forms the  Assembly  of  the  Paris  in- 
surrection, 10,  69;  at  the  night  ses- 
sion of  August  4,  1789,  9,  265 

Noailles,  Philippe  de  Due  de  Moachy 
(1715-1794),  French  marshal:  death 
of,  9,  289 

No-Amen:  see  Thebes 

Nobiling  (late  19th  century),  German 
criminal:  his  attempt  to  assassinate 
the  emperor,  18,  445 

Nobilion,  Quintus  Fulvius,  Roman 
general  and  statesman,  consul,  153 
B.  C:  campaign  in  Spain,  3,  161 


506 


THE   HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Noboa,  Diego,  South  American  states- 
man: president  of  Ecuador,  21,  no 

Nobrega,  Emmanuel  de  (1517-1570), 
a  Portuguese  Jesuit:  his  work  in 
Brazil,  20,  92 

"Noche  Triste,"  in  Mexican  history, 
the  night  of  June  30-31,  1520:  de- 
scription of,  32,  37 

Nodier,  Charles  (1783-1844),  French 
writer:  publishes  the  "  Illyrian  Tele- 
graph," 17,  301 

Nodzu     Michitsura,     Viscount     (1844 

),    Japanese    officer:    in    Chino- 

Japanese  war,  6,  268,  7,  267 

No-flint  General:  see  Grey,  Charles, 
Earl  Grey 

Nogaret,  Jacques  Ramel  de  (1260- 
1313).  French  statesman:  takes  pos- 
session of  the  person  of  Boniface 
VIII,  9,  88 

Nogi,  Baron  Ki-teu  (1851 ),  Japa- 
nese general:  his  services  in  the 
Russo-Japanese  War,  7,  311,  15,  361 

Noir,  Victor  (Yvan  Salmon)  (1848- 
1870),  French  journalist:  death  of, 
9,  460 

Noircarmes  (late  16th  century),  Bel- 
gian statesman  and  soldier:  his  cam- 
paign against  the  Calvinists,  13,  101; 
at  the  siege  of  Mons,  113 

Nola,  Italy:  battle  of,  3,  123 

Nolan,  Lewis  Edward  (1839-1854), 
English  officer:  in  the  Crimean 
War,   15,  315 

Noll,  Old:  see  Cromwell,  Oliver 

Nolle,  Antonio  (late  15th  century), 
Genoese  explorer:  discovers  the 
Cape  de  Verd  islands,  8,  318 

Nombre  de  Dios,  Central  America: 
founded  (1501),  31,  16;  taken  by 
Drake  (1573),  30 

Nomentum,  Italy:  forms  an  alliance 
with  Rome,  3,  20;  loses  its  inde- 
pendence, 67 

Nomophylaces,  Athenian  officers: 
functions  of  the,  2,  239 

Non- Aryans  in  India:  description  of, 
5,  25 

Non-Intercourse  Resolution,  a  bill 
passed  by  the  first  Continental  Con- 
gress restricting  trade  with  Great 
Britain    (1775):    described,    33,    284 


Noot,  Hendrik  Nikolaas  van  der:  see 
Van  der  Noot,  Hendrik  Nikolaas 

Nootka  Sound  Convention,  conference 
between  Russia  and  England  (1790): 
mentioned,  24,  541 

Norbanus,  Gaius,  Roman  consul,  83  B. 
C:  elected  consul,  3,  225;  defeated 
at  Capua,  226 

Norbert,  Archbishop  of  Bremen 
(1092-1134),  German  ecclesiastic:  his 
sway  extended  over  Denmark,  16, 
78 

Norby,  Soren  (Severin)  (d.  1530), 
Danish  admiral:  defeats  the  Ltibeck- 
ers  and  Swedes,  16,  140;  in  the 
Swedish  Revolution,  153;  supports 
Christian  II  of  Denmark,  192 

Norcia,  Italy:  battle  of  (113  B.  C.)» 
17,  II,  18,  4 

Nord,  Alexis,  negro  soldier  and  states- 
man, President  of  Hayti,  1902 : 

proclaimed  president,  22,  501 

Norddeutsche  Bund,  a  confederation 
of  German  states  (1866),  18,  413 

Nordenskjold,  Baron  Nils  Adolf  Erik 
(1832-1901),  Swedish  Polar  ex- 
plorer: explorations  in  the  Arctic 
Regions,  5,  156,  16,  315;  his  ex- 
plorations in  the  Antarctic  Regions, 
16,  336 

Nordlingen,  Bavaria,  Germany:  bat- 
tles of  (1634),  9,  190,  13,  211,  16, 
186,  18,  288;   (1644),  9,  199 

Norfolk,  England:  origin  of,  1 1,  19 

Norfolk,  Virginia:  burned  (1775),  23, 
236;  Confederates  seize  navy  yard, 
24,  692,  717;  evacuated,  756 

Norfolk,  Thomas  Howard,  3rd  Duke 
of:  see  Howard,  Thomas,  Earl  of 
Surrey  and  3rd  Duke  of  Norfolk 

Norfolk,  Thomas  Howard,  4th  Duke 
of  (1536-1572),  English  politician: 
convicted  of  treason,  11,  262;  in  the 
Ridolfi  plot,  287 

Norfolk,  Thomas  Mowbray,  Duke  of: 
see  Mowbray,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Not- 
tingham and  Duke  of  Norfolk 

Norfolk  Island,  Australia:  convict 
settlement  established  at,  20,  132 

Noria,  Plan  of,  a  manifesto  issued  by 
the  Mexican  general,  Diaz  (1871), 
22,  402 


GENERAL    INDEX 


507 


Noricum,  in  ancient  geography,  a 
country  in  Europe:  added  to  the 
Roman  empire,  17,  12;  invaded  by 
the  barbarians,  14;  recognizes  the 
authority  of  Theodosius,  16;  settled 
by  Lombards,  17;  peopled  by  Slav 
colonists,  19 

Norman,  Sir  Henry  Wylie  (1826- 
1904)  British  military  officer:  sketch 
of,   5,   251 

Normandy,  a  former  government  of 
France:  settlement  and  growth,  II, 
57,  16,  15,  42;  pledged  by  Duke 
Robert  to  William  Rufus,  II,  87 

Normans,  the  descendants  of  the 
Northmen  who  settled  in  France 
under  Rollo:  devastate  Rome,  18, 
136;  invade  Leon,  8,  137;  conquer 
England,  11,  71 

Noronha,  Alfonso  de  (16th  century), 
Portuguese  viceroy  of  the  Indies: 
administration  of,  8,  436 

Noronha,  Antonio  de  (15th  century), 
governor  of  Ceuta,  Africa:  defeated 
by  Moors,  8,  324;  attempts  to  build 
a  citadel  at  the  mouth  of  the  River 
Marmora  (334);  viceroy  of  the  In- 
dies,  435 

Norris,  Sir  John  (1547-1597),  English 
•general:  sacks  Corunna,  II,  298 

Norris,  Sir  John  (1 689-1 749),  English 
naval  officer:  his  relations  with 
Peter  the  Great,  15,  64,  67 

Norris,  Sir  Thomas  (16th  century), 
president  of  Munster,  Ireland:  fails 
to  crush  Munster  rebellion,  12,  97 

Norroena  Mai:  the  language  of  Scan- 
dinavia, 16,  8 

Norsemen:  see  Northmen 

North,  Frederick,  Lord  North,  2nd 
Earl  of  Guilford  (1732-1792),  Eng- 
lish politician:  becomes  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer,  11,  511,  23,  216; 
made  Prime  Minister,  11,  512;  intro- 
duces propositions  to  relieve  Irish 
trade,  12,  184;  resigns  premiership, 
23,  286;  becomes  Secretary  of  State 
(1783),  11,  525 

North,  The,  a  division  of  the  United 
States  during  the  Civil  War: 
strength    and    resources,    24,    724; 


preparations  for  war,  739  J  opposi- 
tion to  the  Civil  War,  764,  815;  fi- 
nances, 819;  cost  of  the  war,  821; 
effect  of  Lincoln's  death,  830;  see 
also  Civil  War 

North,  The  Lion  of  the:  see  Gustavus 
(II)  Adolphus,  King  of  Sweden 

North,  The  Madman  of  the:  see 
Charles  XII,  King  of  Sweden 

North,  The  Messalina  of  the:  see 
Catherine  II,  Empress  of  Russia 

North,  The  Nero  of  the:  see  Chris- 
tian II,  King  of  Denmark 

North,  The  Queen  of  the:  see  Edin- 
burgh 

North,  The  Star  of  the:  see  Gustavus 
(II)  Adolphus,  King  of  Sweden 

North  Africa:  sketch  of,  19,  3 

North  America:  Cabot  discovers,  23, 
35;  see  also  Canada,  Mexico,  and 
the  United  States 

North  Anna  River,  Virginia:  Lee 
withdraws  to,  24,  789 

North  Atlantic  Squadron,  a  division 
of  the  United  States  navy:  at  Key 
West,  24,  1028 

North  Borneo  Company,  British:  see 
British  North  Borneo  Company 

North  Carolina,  a  state  of  the  United 
States,  called  The  Old  North  State, 
The  Tar  State,  and  The  Turpentine 
State:  first  colony  planted  in,  23, 
73;  united  with  South  Carolina,  74; 
separated  and  made  royal  province, 
77;  Scotch-Irish  settle  in,  127;  lum- 
ber and  naval  stores  produced,  137; 
colonial  newspapers,  144;  Church  of 
England  established,  149;  claims 
right  of  imposing  taxes  (1765),  210; 
battle  of  Alamance,  217;  instructs 
her  delegates  to  concur  in  a  declara- 
tion of  independence,  239;  invaded 
by  Cornwallis,  279;  fails  to  pay  her 
share  of  national  government  ex- 
penses (1781),  313;  appoints  dele- 
gates for  Annapolis  Convention, 
322;  chooses  delegates  for  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  322;  ratifies  the 
Constitution,  338;  slavery  regarded 
with  disfavor,  24,  564;  cedes  Tennes- 
see to  government,  567;  abolition  so- 


508 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


cieties  formed,  571;  Confederates 
seize  Forts  Caswell  and  Macon,  691; 
Confederates  seize  United  States 
mint  at  Charlotte,  692;  secedes, 
718;  provisional  governor  appointed, 
840;  reconstruction,  868;  Demo- 
crats regain  control,  873;  negro 
franchise,  873 

North  Dakota,  a  state  of  the  United 
States:  part  of  Northwest  Territory, 
24,  631;  admitted  to  the  Union,  985; 
Presidential  election  of  1892,  992 

North  Foreland,  Battle  of:  see  Downs, 
Battle  of  the 

North  German  Confederation,  The, 
union  of  German  states  (1866),  18, 

413 

North  German  Missionary  Society: 
work  of,  19,  92 

North  Inch  of  Perth,  Scotland:  battle 
of  (1400),  12,  287 

North  Mountain:  in  Shenandoah  Val- 
ley, 24,  793 

North  Sea  Commission,  The,  a  body 
which  met  to  hear  evidence  on  the 
attack  made  by  the  Russian  fleet  on 
the  British  travelers,  15,  363 

North  State,  The  Old:  see  North 
Carolina 

Northallerton,  England:  battle  of 
(1138),  called  Battle  of  the  Stand- 
ard, 12,  264 

Northampton,  England:  battle  of 
(1460),  11,  211 

Northampton,  Treaty  of,  a  truce  con- 
cluded between  England  and  Scot- 
land (1328),  12,  283 

Northbrook,  Thomas  George  Baring, 
Baron  (1826-1905),  English  politi- 
cian: his  governor-generalship  of 
India,  5,  253 

Northcote,  Sir  Stafford  (1818-1887), 
English  politician:  in  Joint  High 
Commission,  24,  883 

Northeast  Boundary  Dispute,  a  con- 
troversy which  existed  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain  con- 
cerning the  boundary  of  the  United 
States:  commission  appointed  to  de- 
termine, 23,  430;  settlement,  24,  531 

Northeast  Passage,  the  sea  route  from 
the   Atlantic    Ocean    to   the    Pacific 


Ocean  via.  the  north  of  Europe  and 
Asia:  accomplished,  16,  316 

Northeastern  Fisheries:  see  Fishery 
Disputes 

Northern  Maritime  League  or  Con- 
federacy, a  league  formed  by 
Sweden,  Denmark,  Russia,  and 
Prussia  to  resist  England's  interfer- 
ence with  neutral  merchantmen 
(1800),  11,  552,  16,  250 

Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  a  railroad 
in  the  United  States:  Supreme  Court 
decision  respecting,  24,  972 

Northern  Seas,  The  Queen  of  the:  see 
Elizabeth,  Queen  of  England 

Northern  War,  The  Great,  a  war  be- 
tween Sweden  on  one  side  and 
Russia,  Denmark,  Saxony,  Poland, 
Prussia,  and  Hanover,  on  the 
other  (1700-1721),  15,  383,  16,  214 

Northfield,  a  town  in  Massachusetts: 
burned   in    King   Philip's   War,   23, 

97 

Northmen,  early  Scandinavians: 
sources  of  knowledge  of,  16,  7;  re- 
ligion of,  11,  41;  the  character  of 
their  expeditions,  16,  13;  efforts  to 
Christianize,  25;  plunder  the  coast 
of  England,  11,  42;  invade  Scotland, 
12,  254;  ravage  Germany  and 
France,  16,  22,  18,  87;  in  Russia, 
16,  39;  settle  in  Normandy,  16,  42, 
18,  97;  driven  from  Germany,  18, 
99;  discover  Vinland,  16,  49,  23,  19 

Northumberland,  a  county  of  Eng- 
land: settlement  of,  11,  25;  con- 
quered by  the  Danes,  42 

Northumberland,  Henry  Percy,  Earl 
of:  see  Percy,  Henry,  Earl  of 
Northumberland 

Northumberland,  John  Dudley,  Dukt 
of  (1502-1553),  English  politician: 
power  of,  11,  267;  death  of,  269 

Northwest  Boundary  Dispute,  a  dis- 
pute between  England  and  the 
United  States  over  the  boundary  of 
Oregon:  account  of,  24,  541;  arbi- 
trated by  Emperor  of  Germany,  884; 
United  States  claims  sustained,  886 

Northwest  Company,  a  company  for 
trading  in  the  Canadian  northwest: 
sketch  of,  20,  168 


GENERAL    INDEX 


509 


Northwest  Frontier  Province,  or 
Northwestern  Provinces,  a  lieuten- 
ant-governorship of  British  India: 
created,   5,  286;    sketch  of,   203 

Northwest  Passage,  a  passage  for 
ships  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  to 
the  Pacific  by  the  northern  coasts 
of  the  American  continent:  the  Ca- 
bots  search  for,  5,  156;  23,  35;  Ver- 
razano  searches  for,  46;  Cartier 
searches  for,  46;  see  also  Polar  Re- 
search, 16,  295 

Northwest  Territory,  a  territory  of 
the  United  States,  comprising  the 
present  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois, 
Michigan,  Wisconsin,  and  Minne- 
sota east  of  the  Mississippi:  basis 
for  English  claims,  23,  60;  ceded 
by  the  various  states,  317;  govern- 
ment of,  318;  English  military  posts 
held  in,  358;  slavery  controversy,  24, 
631 

Norvegicus,  Laurentius  (16th  cen- 
tury), a  Jesuit  priest  in  Sweden: 
summoned  to  Rome,  16,  165 

Norway,  the  northernmost  country  of 
Europe:  legendary  history  of,  16, 
37;  under  the  Ynglingar,  51;  Adam 
of  Bremen's  description  of,  63;  be- 

'  fore  the  Union  of  Calmar,  97;  at  the 
close  of  the  Middle  Ages,  141;  made 
a  free  elective  monarchy,  192;  made 
a  dependency  of  Denmark,  196;  in 
the  age  of  political  revolution,  247; 
arbitration  treaty  with  the  United 
States,  24,  1076;  independence  of, 
16,  287 

Norway,  The  Maid  of:  see  Margaret, 
Queen  of  Scotland 

Norwegian  Question,  The,  the  ques- 
tion of  Norway's  status  as  a  nation, 
16,  261,  281 

Nosey:  see  Wellington,  Arthur 
Wellesley,  Duke  of 

Nossi-Be,  an  island  north  of  Mada- 
gascar: taken  by  the  French,  19, 
56,  20,  278,  19,  212 

Nossi-Cumba,  a  small  island  near 
Madagascar:  the  French  take  pos- 
session of,  19,  212 

Nossi-Mitsiou,    a    small    island    near 


Madagascar:  the  French  take  pos- 
session of,  19,  212 

Notables,  Assembly  of,  a  council  con- 
voked on  extraordinary  occasions 
by  the  French  king:  appointed,  22, 
387;  meets,  388 

Noteburg:  see  Schliisselburg 

Nothomb,  Jean  Baptiste,  Baron  (1805- 
1881),  Belgian  statesman:  leads  Bel- 
gian conservatives,  13,  298 

Notions,    The    City    of:    see    Boston 

Notker,  surnamed  Balbulus  ("  the 
Stammerer  "  or  "  the  Saint  ")  (ca. 
840-912),  Swiss  monk  and  musical 
composer:   sketch  of,  13,  343 

Notker,  surnamed  Labeo  ("  the  Thick- 
lipped  ")  (d.  1022),  Swiss  monk: 
sketch  of,  13,  346 

Nott,  Sir  William  (1782-1845),  Eng- 
lish military  officer:  his  campaign  in 
India,  5,  218 

Nottingham,  Daniel  Finch,  Earl  of 
(1647-1730),  an  English  Tory  poli- 
tician: leader  of  the  High  Tories, 
",  455 

Nottingham,  Thomas  Mowbray,  Earl 
of:  see  Mowbray,  Thomas,  Earl  of 
Nottingham  and  Duke  of  Norfolk 

Nova  Carthago,  the  Roman  name  of 
Carthagena,  Spain:  captured  by 
Scipio,  3,   126;,  see  also  Carthagena 

Nova  Scotia,  North  America:  settled 
by  the  Northmen  (ca.  10th  cen- 
tury), 21,  3;  settled  by  the  English 
(1621),  12,  334;  named,  23,  161; 
granted  to  Sir  William  Alexander, 
20,  83;  history  of,  161;  ceded  to 
England  (1763),  20,  120,  23,  198;  see 
also  Acadia 

Nova  Zembla:  discovered,  16,  300;  cir- 
cumnavigated, 315 

Novara,  Italy:  sieges  and  battles  of 
(1500),  9,  132;  (1511),  4,  293;  (1513), 
9,  135,  13,  421;  (1522),  4,  301; 
(1849),  4,  359,  17,  373,  18,  402 

Novella,  Francisco  de  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  colonial  statesman: 
made  temporary  viceroy  of  New 
Spain  (1821),  22,  255 

November,  Battle  of  the  5th  of:  see 
Inkerman:  battle  of  (1854) 


510 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Novgorod,  Russia:  becomes  residence 
of  Rurik  (862  A.  D.),  15,  5,  6; 
adopts  Christianity,  8;  submits  to 
Moscow  (1478),  13;  taken  by  the 
Swedes  (1611),  16,  173 

Novi,  Italy:  battle  of  (i799)>  9,  3™, 
10,  408 

Novibazar,  Bosnia:  under  the  military 
control  of  Austria-Hungary,  17,  421 

Novikov,  Nicholas  Ivanovitch  (1744- 
1818),  Russian  author  and  educator: 
account  of,  15,  193 

Noviodunum,  France:  founded,  3,  309 

Noviomagus,  Germany:  battle  of,  4, 
117 

Novosiltsov,  Nicholas  (1761-1836), 
Russian  statesman:  negotiations  of, 
15,  213;  power  of,  264 

Novum  Comum  (Como),  Italy:  found- 
ed, 3,  317 

Noy,  William  (1577-1634),  English 
jurist:  advises  Charles  I  concerning 
the  raising  of  ship-money,  11,  333 

Noyon,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
Francis  I  of  France  and  the  Em- 
peror Charles  V  (1516),  9,  137 

Nozu  (late  19th  century),  Japanese 
officer:  his  campaign  against  Saigo, 

7,  179 

Nubar  Pasha  (1825-1899),  Egyptian 
statesman:  mentioned,  1,  39,  19,  268 

Nubia,  Africa:  location  of,  1,  8 

Nuceria,  Italy:  siege  of  (308  B.  C.)»  3> 
182 

Nuestra  Sefiora  de  Regla,  Island  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean:  discovered,  22, 
212 

Nugent,  Sir  George  (1 757-1849),  Eng- 
lish officer:  in  Rebellion  of  1798,  12, 
213 

Nullification,  Doctrine  of,  a  theory 
that  the  several  states  of  the  United 
States  are  equal  and  sovereign  and 
that  the  general  government  is  one 
of  delegated  powers:  originates  in 
Kentucky,  23,  378;  Hayne's  speech 
on,  409;  in  South  Carolina,  489,  491; 


Ordinance  of  Nullification  passed, 
493J  Jackson's  proclamation  con- 
cerning, 494 

Numana,  Italy:  founded  (4th  century 
B.  CO,  3,  57 

Numantia,  Spain:  war  with  Rome 
(137-134  B.  C),  3,  162;  siege  of,  8, 
19  § 

Numidia,  northern  Africa:  revolts 
against  Carthage,  3,  102;  condition 
under  Roman  rule,  162 

Nunez,  Emilio  (late  19th  century), 
Cuban  statesman:  chosen  governor 
of  Havana,  22,  468 

Nunez,  Mendez  (late  19th  century), 
Spanish  naval  officer:  takes  com- 
mand of  Spanish  fleet  in  Chilian 
waters,  21,  222 

Nunez,  Rafael  (1825-1894),  Colom- 
bian statesman,  President  of  Colom- 
bia, 1880-1882  and  1884-1894:  ac- 
count of,  21,  245 

Nuouman  Kiuprili,  Turkish  states- 
man, Grand  Vizier  of  Turkey,  1710- 
171 1 :  account  of,  14,  276 

Nur  Jahan  (Nur  Mahal),  Empress  of 
Salim  Jahanger  of  India:  account 
of,  5,  117 

Nuremberg,  Germany:  diets  of  (1431), 
17,  135;  (1S32),  18,  249;  taken  by 
Bavaria,  18,  371 

Nurhachu  (1559-1626),  Manchu  chief- 
tain: mythical  account  of,  6,  42; 
conquers  China,  43;  death  of,  46 

Nutari,  Japan:  fort  built  at,  7,  27 

Nutmeg  State,  The:  see   Connecticut 

Nymeguen,  Treaty  of:  see  Nimeguen, 
Peace  of 

Nymphenberg,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  en- 
tered into  by  Louis  XV  for  the  dis- 
memberment of  Austria  (1741),  16, 
227 

Nyschlot,  Finland:  taken  by  the  Rus- 
sians  (1714),  15,  64 

Nystad,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  between 
Sweden  and  Russia,  concluded 
(1721),  15,  68,  381,  16,  226 


o 


O'Brien,  Donall  (early  13th  century), 
King  of  Thomondin,  Ireland:  op- 
poses  progress    of   De    Courcy,    12, 

55 

O'Brien,  James  F.  X.  (living),  Irish 
political  leader:  sketch  of,  12,  236 

O'Brien,  Murrough,  Earl  of  Thomond 
(16th  century),  Irish  chieftain: 
made  earl  (1540),  12,  83 

O'Brien,  William  Smith  (1803-1864), 
Irish  revolutionist:  leader  of  Young 
Ireland  party,  12,  230;  leader  of 
armed  resistance  in  Ireland,  n, 
608,  12,  231:  death  of,  12,  232 

O'Connell,  Daniel,  an  Irish  agitator 
and  orator,  called  The  Uncrowned 
Monarch,  and  The  Irish  Liberator: 
born  near  Calinciveen,  County 
Kerry,  Ireland,  August  6,  1775;  be- 
came known  as  an  advocate; 
founded  the  Catholic  Association; 
led  the  agitation  in  favor  of  Cath- 
olic emancipation;  was  elected  to 
Parliament,  1828;  led  the  Repeal  ag- 
itation, 1840;  promoted  the  mass- 
meetings  of  1842-1843;  was  arrested 
and  convicted  of  conspiracy  and 
sedition,  1843,  but  his  sentence  was 
reversed,  1844;  died  at  Genoa,  Italy, 
May  15,  1847 

Career  of,  12,  220;  supports  Cath- 
olic emancipation  movement,  11, 
584;  agitates  the  repeal  of  the 
Union,  591;  agrees  to  the  Lichfield 
House  Compact,  594;  retires  from 
public  life,  604;  death  of,  12,  227 

O'Connolly,  Owen  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), Irish  citizen:  treason  of,  12, 
115 

O'Connor,  Arthur  (1763-1852),  an 
Irish  revolutionist:  joins  the  United 
Irishmen,  12,  207 

O'Connor,    Feargus    Edward     (1796- 


1855),  an  Irish  lawyer  and  politi- 
cian: leader  of  labor  revolt,  n,  600; 
summons  the  Chartists  to  Kensing- 
ton Common,  608 

O'Connor,  William  Frederick  Travers 

(1870 ),      British      soldier     and 

writer:  member  of  the  Tibetan  mis- 
sion, s,  297 

O'Conor,  Charles  (18th  century), 
Irish  scholar  and  antiquarian:  as- 
sumes leadership  of  Catholic  move- 
ment, 12,  173 

O'Conor,  Felim  (d.  1265),  King  of 
Connaught,  1249-1265:  reign  of,  12, 
58 

O'Conor,  Roderick,  King  of  Ireland, 
12th  century:  reign  of,  12,  46 

O'Donnell,  Godfrey  (13th  century), 
Irish  chieftain:  defeats  Maurice 
Fitzgerald,  12,  58 

O'Donnell,  Henry  Joseph,  Count  of 
Abisbal  (1769-1834),  a  Spanish  gen- 
eral of  Irish  extraction:  crushes  in- 
surrection against  Ferdinand  VII  of 
Spain,  8,  492 

O'Donnell,  Hugh  Roe  (i57i?-i6o2), 
Irish  soldier:  career  of  12,  94 

O'Donnell,  Leopoldo,  Duke  of  Tetuan 
(1809-1867),  a  Spanish  general:  con- 
spires against  Isabella,  8,  504 

O'Donnell,  Rory  or  Roderick,  Earl  of 
Tirconnell  (1575-1608),  Irish  pa- 
triot: submits  to  English,  12,  106 

O'Donoju,  Juan  (1755-1821),  the  last 
Spanish  ruler  of  New  Spain:  his  ad- 
ministration as  Viceroy  of  New 
Spain,  22,  256 

O'Hara,  James  (d.  1819),  English 
military  officer:  delivers  Cornwal- 
l's sword  to  Washington,  23,  285 

O'Higgins,    Bernardo    (1778-1842),    a 
Chilean     general     and     statesman: 
president  of  Chili,  21,  215 
511 


512 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


O'Moore,  Owney  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), Irish  chieftain:  joins  the  re- 
bellion of  Hugh  O'Neill,  12,  100 

O'Moore,  Rory  (early  17th  century), 
Irish  chieftain:  leads  Rebellion  of 
1641,  12,  114 

O'Mulconry  (early  17th  century), 
Irish  chronicler:  aids  in  compila- 
tion of  the  "  Annals,"  12,  7 

O'Neill,  Brien  (13th  century),  Irish 
soldier:  at  battle  of  Downpatrick, 
12,  58 

O'Neill,  Conn,  Earl  of  Tyrone  (16th 
century),  Irish  chieftain:  made  earl, 
12,  83 

O'Neill,  Donall  (early  14th  century), 
Irish   soldier:  joins   Edward   Bruce, 

12,  59 
O'Neill,    Hugh    (17th    century),    Irish 

soldier   and   nephew   of  Owen   Roe 

O'Neill:   defends   Clonmel,   12,   125; 

defends  Limerick,  126 
O'Neill,    Hugh,    Earl    of    Tyrone    (d. 

1616),   Irish   chieftain:   rebellion   of, 

11,  303,  12,  94 

O'Neill,  Matthew  (16th  century),  son 
of  Conn  O'Neill,  Earl  of  Tyrone: 
made  Baron  of  Dungannon,  12,  83; 
claims  earldom  of  Tyrone,  87 

O'Neill,  Owen  Roe  (i5oo?-i649),  Irish 
chieftain:    leads    rebellion    of    1641, 

12,  114;    takes    command    of    the 
army,  119;  death  of,  125 

O'Neill,  Sir  Phelim  (d.  1641),  Irish 
chieftain:  leads  rebellion  of  1641, 
12,  114;  death  of,   126 

O'Neill,  Shane,  Shan,  or  John  (d. 
1567),  Irish  chieftain,  called  The 
Hate  of  Englishman:  rebellion  of, 
12,  87 

O'Reilly,  John  Boyle  (1844-1890),  an 
Irish- American  journalist  and  poet: 
sketch  of,  12,  236 

O'Rourke,  Tergnan  (Tigernan), 
Prince  of  Brefni  12th  century), 
Irish  chieftain:  at  war  with  Dermot 
MacMurrogh,  12,  48 

O'Shaughnessy,  William  Brooke 
(1809-1889),  first  director  general  of 
telegraphs  in   India:  account  of,  5, 

225 

O'Sullivan,    Donall    (early    17th    cen- 


tury), Irish  chieftain:  in  the  rebel- 
lion of  Hugh  O'Neill,  12,  103 

O'Toole,  Laurence  (late  12th  cen- 
tury), Archbishop  of  Dublin: 
preaches  against  the  English,  12,  50 

Oakes  (late  18th  century),  English 
diplomat:  at  the  Russian  court,  15, 

175 

Oama,  Prince:  see  Temmu,  Emperor 
of  Japan 

Oates,  Titus  (1649-1705),  an  English 
impostor:  tells  of  a  Popish  plot,  XI, 
406;  punishment  of,  421 

Obaid  Allah  (Obeidala)  (early  10th 
century),  Fatimite  caliph:  puts 
down  insurrection  in  Cufa,  I,  249; 
besieges  Fez,  8,  76 

Obbia,  a  sultanate  in  Africa:  placed 
under  the  protection  of  Italy,  19, 
209 

Oberlin  College,  a  coeducational  col- 
lege at  Oberlin,  Ohio:  assists  "un- 
derground railroad,"  24,  672 

Obes  (early  19th  century),  Uruguayan 
soldier:  directs  the  defence  of  Mon- 
tevideo (1842),  21,  139 

Obligado,  Dr.  (early  19th  century), 
President  of  Buenos  Ayres:  admin- 
istration of,  21,   128 

Obock  or  Obok,  a  French  colony  and 
protectorate  in  Africa:  bought  by 
the  French,   19,   56 

Obradovic,  Dositei  (late  18th  cen- 
tury), Servian  national  poet:  sketch 
of,  17,  271 

Obresskov  (18th  century),  Russian 
minister  at  Constantinople:  account 
of,  14,  322 

Obrin,  a  river  in  France:  battle  of  the 
(793  A.  D.),  9.  43 

Ocampo,  Sebastian  de  (1465-1509),  a 
Spanish  navigator:  discovers  Ha- 
vana harbor,  22,  447 

Ocana,  Spain:  battle  of  (1809),  9,  337 

Ocba  ben  Albegag  (Okba  ben  al- 
Hajjaj),  (8th  century),  Emir  of 
Spain:  reign  of,  8,  65 

Ocean's  Queen,  The:  see  England 

Ochakov,  a  town  in  Russia:  sieges  of 
(1737),  14,  308,  15,  123;  (1788- 
1789),  14,  354,  15,  184 

Ochial:  see  Uludj  AH 


GENERAL    INDEX 


513 


Ochs,  Peter  (1749-1821),  Swiss  states- 
man: plans  the  Swiss  policy  of 
France,  13,  508;  plans  government 
of  Switzerland,  512 

Ochterlong,  David  (1758-1825),  Brit- 
ish general:  his  campaigns  against 
the   Gurkhas,   5,   207 

Ockley:  see  Aclea 

Octavia  (d.  11  B.  C),  sister  of  Octa- 
vius:  death,  4,  42 

Octavius:  see  Augustus  Caesar 

Octavius,  Gnaeus,  Roman  consul  87 
B.  C. :  opposes  Cinna  and  his  meas- 
ures, 3,  222;  death,  223 

Octavius,  Marcus,  Roman  tribune  133 
B.  C:  opposes  reforms  of  Grac- 
chus, 3,  176 

Octavius,  Marcus  (ca.  50  B.  C.), 
Roman  officer:  in  battle  with  Dola- 
bella  (49  B.  C),  3,  343',  defeated  in 
Illyria,  354 

Octennial  Bill,  a  bill  which  provided 
that  there  should  be  an  election  of 
Irish  Parliamentary  members  every 
eight  years  (1767),  12,  177 

Oda  (ca.  955  A.  D.),  English  prelate, 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury:  sketch 
of,  11,  48 

Oda  Nobukatsu  (16th  century),  Jap- 
anese soldier:  rebels  against  Ha- 
shiba  Hideyoshi,  7,  113 

Oda  Nobunaga  (16th  century),  me- 
diaeval Japanese  leader:  aids  Ashi- 
kaga  Yoshiaki  to  regain  the  sho- 
gunate,  7,  101;  career  of,  no 

Oda  Nubutaka  (16th  century),  Japa- 
nese leader;  plots  against  Hashiba 
Hideyoshi,  7,  113 

Oda  Samboshi  (16th  and  17th  cen- 
turies), Japanese  leader:  succeeds 
Oda  Nobunaga,  7,  113 

Odenathus  (Odenatus,  Odhenat)  of 
Palmyra  (d.  266  or  267  A.  D.), 
Roman  general:  defeats  Persian 
army,  5,  317;  assumes  the  title  of 
emperor,  4,  no 

Odessa:  founding  of,  15,  267;  battle 
of  (260  A.  D.),  4,  no;  bombard- 
ment of  (1854),  15,  309 

Odeum,    The,    a    public    building    of 

Athens:  description  of,  2,  254 
Odhenat:  see  Odenathus 


Odilo,  Abbot  of  Cluny  (962-ca. 
1048),  French  monk:  teaching  of, 
18,  128 

Odin,  King  of  Denmark:  the  legend 
of,  16,  9,  17 

Odo  (9th  century),  King  of  France: 
chosen  king,  16,  23,  18,  98 

Odo  (nth  century),  Count  of  Cham- 
pagne: disputes  succession  of  Con- 
rad II  in  Burgundy,  18,  126 

Odo  (d.  ca.  1097),  Bishop  of  Bayeux: 
revolts  against  William  Rufus,  II, 
82 

Odoacer  (Odovacar,  Ottokar)  (ca. 
434-493  A.  D.),  Italian  chieftain: 
destroys  the  Empire  of  the  West, 
17,  16,  2,  531,  4,  151;  defeat  of,  2, 
532;  reign  of,  4,  155;  career  of,  18, 

45 
Odoievski,    Prince    Alexander     (19th 

century),     Russian    conspirator:     in 

the  plot  of  the  Dekabrists,  15,  274 
Odovacar:  see  Odoacer 
Odysseus:  see  Ulysses 
Oehlenschlager,  Adam  Gottlob  (1779- 

1850),  Danish   poet:   sketch   of,   16, 

264 
Oeland,  island  in  Baltic  Sea:  battle  of 

(1676),  16,  212 
Oenomaus  (ca.  70  B.  C),  Celtic  slave: 

leader  of  Gladitorial  war,  3,  261 
Oenophyta,  Greece:  battle  of,  2,  245 
Oesova,  eastern  Europe:  taken  by  the 

Turks  (1738),  17,  235 
G£taeans,     Grecian     tribe:     join     Ly- 

sander,  2,  397;  at  war  with  Phocis, 

461;  proposals  of  the,  469 
Oeversee,  northern  Europe:  battle  of 

(1864),  18,  408 
Ofella,  Quintus  (d.  79  B.  C),  Roman 

soldier:  blockades   Marius  in   Prae- 

neste,  3,  227;  aids  reforms  of  Sulla, 

230;    rebels    against   constitution   of 

Sulla,  239;  death,  239 
Ofin,  Hungary:  taken  by  Suleiman  the 

Great  (1529),  14,  153 
Ogden,  Utah:  meeting  of  the  Central 

and  Union  Pacific  Railroads,  24,  902 
Ogdensburg,    New    York:    battle    of 

(1812),  23,  421 
Ogeechee  River,  Georgia:  guarded  by 

Fort  McAllister,  24,  805 


514* 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Ogimachi,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1558- 
1587:  coronation  of,  7,  100 

Oglethorpe,  James  (1696-1785),  Eng- 
lish soldier  and  colonist:  proprietor 
of  Georgia  colony,  23,  80;  founds 
Savannah,  81;  friendly  relations 
with  Indians,  81;  trouble  with  Span- 
ish, 81;  bombards  St.  Augustine,  22, 
194;  death  of,  23,  81 

Ogre,  The  Corsican:  see  Napoleon 
(I)  Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the 
French 

Ogulnian  Law,  in  Roman  history,  a 
law  by  which  the  offices  of  pontiff 
and  augur  were  thrown  open  to  the 
plebeians  (300  B.  C.)»  3,  50 

Ohara  Shigenori  (19th  century),  Jap- 
anese statesman:  made  sanyo,  7,  107 

Ohio,  a  state  of  the  United  States, 
named  from  the  Indian  "  O-hee- 
yuh "  meaning  "  beautiful  river," 
which  the  French  spelled  "  O-y-o," 
called  the  Buckeye  State:  Connecti- 
cut gives  up  claim  to,  23,  317;  ad- 
mitted to  the  Union,  318;  first  set- 
tlement in,  364;  northern  part  ceded 
by  Indians,  366;  population  in- 
creases, 442;  flourishing  condition 
following  admission,  442;  as  free 
state,  452;  impetus  to  development 
of,  480;  negro  rescues,  24,  616;  elec- 
tion of  1854,  645;  condemns  Buch- 
anan's Kansas  policy,  670;  viola- 
tions of  Fugitive  Slave  Law,  672; 
opposes  negro  suffrage,  858;  elec- 
tion of  1874,  897;  Presidential  elec- 
tion of  1880,  931;  Blaine's  campaign 
speeches  (1884),  947;  Presidential 
election  of  1892,  992 

Ohio  Canal,  connecting  Lake  Erie  and 
the  Ohio  River:  constructed,  23,480 

Ohio  Company,  an  English  trading 
company:  organized,  23,  170,  318 

Ohio  Valley,  United  States:  French 
claims  in,  23,  167 

Ohthere  (9th  century  A.  D.),  Scandi- 
navian traveler:  his  conversations 
with  Alfred,  16,  7,  40 

Ohud,  Mount:  see  Mount  Ohud 

Oil  Rivers  Region,  Africa:  declared  a 
British  protectorate,  19,  155;  gov- 
ernment of,   159 


Oishi  Kuranosuke  (18th  century), 
Japanese  vassal:  revenges  death  of 
Asano  Naganori,  7,  152 

Ojeda,  Alonso  de  (1468-1515),  Spanish 
cavalier:  drives  Indians  to  revolt, 
21,  11;  explorations  of,  15 

Ojin,  Emperor  of  Japan,  3rd  century 
A.   D.:   promotes   Chinese  learning, 

7»  13 

Ojin  War,  a  conflict  between  two  Jap- 
anese factions  (15th  century),  7,  97 

Oka,  river  in  Russia:  battle  of  (1480), 
15,  13 

Okba  ben  Nafi:  see  Okbah 

Okbah  (Achbar  ben  Nafi  al-Fahri, 
Akbah,  Okba  ben  Nafi,  Sidi  Okba) 
(7th  century),  Arab  general:  con- 
quers Africa,  1,  304 

Okehazama,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  no 

Okhos  (d.  338  B.  C),  King  of  Persia: 
reign  of,  1,  168 

Oklahoma,  a  state  of  the  United 
States:  obstructive  procedures 
against  bill  for  organization  of,  24, 
969;  opening  of,  981;  population 
(1890),  985;  refused  admission, 
1054,  1077;  admitted  to  the  Union, 
1083 

Oklahoma  City,  Oklahoma:  founded, 
24,  98S 

Oku,  Hokyo,  Japanese  soldier:  his 
campaigns  in  the  Chino-Japanese 
War,  7,  267;  his  campaign  against 
Russia  (1904),  7,  310,  15,  361 

Okubo  Toshimichi  (19th  century), 
Japanese  statesman:  made  sanyo, 
7,  167;  persuades  the  lord  of  Sat- 
suma  to  surrender  his  feudal  do- 
mains to  the  crown,  174;  crushes 
rebellion  of  Eto  Shimpei,  177;  op- 
poses war  with  Korea,  178;  sent  as 
plenipotentiary  to  Peking,   192 

Okuma  Shigenobu,  Count  (1838 ), 

Japanese  statesman:  reforms  of,  7, 
183;  attempts  to  negotiate  treaties 
with  European  powers,  190;  leads 
Progressive  Party,  214;  made  min- 
ister of  foreign  affairs,  217;  made 
premier,  220;  opposes  navy  expan- 
sion, 236 

Olaf,  King  of  Dublin:  see  Olauf,  King 
of  Dublin 


GENERAL    INDEX 


515 


Olaf  (I)  Hunger,  King  of  Denmark 
1086-ca.  1095:  made  Duke  of  Sles- 
vig,  16,  72;  reign  of,  73 

Olaf  II  (sometimes  called  III),  King 
of  Denmark:  see  Olaf  V,  King  of 
Norway 

Olaf  (I)  Trygvasson  (956-1000),  King 
of  Norway,  ca.  996-1000:  reign  of, 
16,  54;  attacks  London,  11,  57 

Olaf  II,  Saint  (995-1030),  King  of 
Norway,  ca.  1015-1030:  his  influence 
on  ancient  customs,  16,  8;  reign  of, 
56 

Olaf  (III)  Kyrre  (d.  1093),  King  of 
Norway,  ca.  1068-1093:  forms  an 
alliance  with  Knud,  16,  72 

Olaf  IV  (1098-1116),  King  of  Nor- 
way, 1103-1116:  chosen  joint  king, 
16,  97 

Olaf  V  (d.  1387),  King  of  Norway, 
1380-1387,  and,  as  Olaf  II  (some- 
times called  III),  King  of  Denmark 
1376- 1.387:  reign  of,  16,   100,   119 

Olaf  (I)  Traetelje  (d.  640  A.  D.), 
King  of  Sweden:  the  legend  of,  16, 

37 

Olaf  (II)  Skat-Konung,  King  of 
Sweden,  993-1024:  defeats  Olaf 
Trygvasson,  16,  55;  reign  of,  58 

Olaf  (10th  century  A.  D.),  Prince  of 
Norway:  defeated  by  Erik  Blodoxe, 
16,  52 

Olauf  (Olaf),  King  of  Dublin,  849- 
ca.  870:  career  of,  16,  43 

"Old  Abe":  see  Lincoln,  Abraham 

Old  Age  Pensions,  a  system  of  com- 
pulsory insurance  in  Germany:  in- 
augurated (1889),  18,  448 

Old  Bay   State:   see   Massachusetts 

Old  Catholics,  a  schismatic  branch  of 
the  Catholic  Church  in  Germany: 
description  of,  18,  440 

Old  Czechs,  a  faction  in  Austria-Hun- 
gary: work  of,  17,  428 

Old  Dominion,  The:  see  Virginia 

Old  Fox,  The:  see  Soult,  Nicolas 
Jean  de  Dieu 

Old  French  War:  see  French  and  In- 
dian War 

Old  Fuss  and  Feathers:  see  Scott, 
Winfield 

Old  Grog:  see  Vernon,  Edward 


Old  Hero:  see  Jackson,  Andrew 

Old  Hickory:  see  Jackson,  Andrew 

Old  Man  Eloquent:  see  Adams,  John 
Quincy 

Old  Noll:  see  Cromwell,  Oliver 

Old  North  Church,  a  church  in  Bos- 
ton, Massachusetts:  signals  for  Paul 
Revere  hung  in  tower,  23,  226 

Old  North  State,  The:  see  North 
Carolina 

Old  Ritualists,  a  schismatic  branch  of 
the  Russian  church:  origin  of,  15, 
23;  persecution  of,  84 

Old  Rowley:  see  Charles  II,  King  of 
England 

Old  South  Meeting  House,  a  church 
in  Boston,  Massachusetts:  town- 
meeting  at,  prohibits  landing  of  tea, 
23,  219 

Old  Testament:  see  Bible 

Oldcastle,  Sir  John  (Lord  Cobham) 
(d.  1417),  an  English  nobleman:  ex- 
communicated,  11,    196 

Olets  (late  18th  century),  a  Russian 
soldier:  at  the  battle  of  the  Kagul, 
15,  i77_ 

Olga  (living),  Queen  of  Greece:  mar- 
ried to  King  George  of  Denmark 
(1867),  2,  547 

Olid,  Cristoval  (Cristobal)  de  (ca. 
1487-1524),  a  Spanish  captain:  sent 
in  search  of  Grijalva,  22,  5;  joins 
Cortez,  10;  at  the  siege  of  Mexico, 
52;  his  expedition  against  Honduras, 
430 

Oligarchy,  an  aristocratic  form  of 
government:  at  Argos,  2,  59;  of 
Corinth  and  Sicyon  replaced  by 
tyranny,  76;  cause  for  emigration, 
82;  in  Greek  political  cycle,  91;  in 
Asia  Minor,   114 

Olinda,  Aranjo  Lima,  Pedrode,  Mar- 
quis of  (1793-1870),  a  Brazilian 
statesman:  ministry  of,  21,   176 

Olioll  (5th  century),  King  of  Leinster: 
conversion  of,  12,  30 

Oliphant,  Laurence  (1829-1888),  an 
English  traveler,  diplomat,  and  au- 
thor; his  enthusiasm  for  the  Cir- 
cassians, 15,  331 

Olite,  a  town  and  fortress  in  Spain: 
founded,  8,  44 


516 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Oliva,  Peace  of,  a  peace  between 
Sweden,  Poland,  the  Empire,  and 
Brandenburg  (1660),  16,  210 

Olivarez  (Olivares)  Gasparo  de  Guz- 
man, Count  (1587-1645),  a  Spanish 
statesman:  becomes  royal  favorite, 
8,  376;  power  of,  13,  203 

Olive  Branch  Petition,  The:  a  petition 
from  the  colonies  in  America  to 
England,  setting  forth  terms  of  rec- 
onciliation  (July  8,   1775),   «,  Si6, 

23,  237 
Ollamh  Fodla  (Ollav  Fola),  an  early 

King  of  Ireland:  institutes  the  Fes 

of  Tara,  12,  25 
Ollivier,  Emile  (1825 ),  a  French 

politician:  rise  of,  9,  450;  ministry 

of,  459 

Olmedo,  Spain:  battle  of  (i44S)»  8, 
178;   (1467),  182 

Olmedo,  Bartolome  de  (early  16th 
century),  Spanish  priest:  labors  for 
the  conversion  of  the  Aztecs,  22, 
12 

Olmiitz  or  Olomouc,  a  city  of  Mo- 
ravia: battles  of  (ca.  1230),  17,  70; 
(1792),  9,  276;  siege  of  (1758),  18, 
338 

Olmiitz  (Olomouc)  Conference,  The 
a  conference  between  Prussia  and 
Austria  under  the  mediation  of 
Russia  (1850),  16,  272,  17,  383 

Olmiitz,  Peace  of,  a  peace  by  which 
Mathias  Corvinus  was  granted 
Lusatia,  Moravia,  and  Silesia,  and 
succession  to  the  throne  of  Bohe- 
mia (1478),  17.  147 

Olney,  Richard  (1835 ),  American 

statesman:  Attorney-General,  24, 
993  note;  Secretary  of  State,  993 
note,  1000;  in  Democratic  Presiden- 
tial nomination,   1065 

Olosaga  (Olozaga),  Salustiana  de 
(1803-1873),  a  Spanish  politician 
and  diplomat:  leader  of  conspiracy 
against  Isabella  II  of  Spain,  8,  508 

Olssouvieff  (early  19th  century),  a 
Russian  military  officer:  his  cam- 
paign against  Napoleon,  9,  346 

Oltenitza,  a  small  town  in  Roumania: 
battle  of  (1853),  15,  307 

Olybrius,   Flavius   Anicius,   a   Roman 


Emperor,  472   A.   D.:   reign  of,   4, 

150 
Olympia,  a  valley  in  Elis,  Greece:  not 

referred  to  in  Homer,  2,  33 
Olympiad,  the  space  of  time  between 

the  Olympic  games:  as  unit  of  time, 

2,  42;  date  of  first,  58 
Olympian    Games,    a    festival    of    an- 
cient Greece:  first  mentioned,  2,  59; 

referred  to  by  Pausanias,  60 
Olympias    (d.   316   B.    C),   mother  of 

Alexander:    sketch   of,   2,   481,   483, 

5" 

Olympus,  Mount,  a  mountain  in 
Greece:  height  of,  2,  4;  abode  of 
gods,  8 

Olynthus,  an  ancient  city  in  Macedo- 
nia: its  freedom  acknowledged,  2, 
318;  joins  Chalcidian  League,  420; 
conquered  by  Sparta,  423;  at  war 
with  Athens,  459;  attacked  and  con- 
quered by  Philip,  466 

Omaha,  Nebraska:  convention  of 
People's  Party   (1892),  24,  991 

Omar  (late  nth  century),  King  of 
Badajoz:  dethroned,  8,  90 

Omar  (I)  ibn  al-Khattab  (d.  644), 
Mohammedan  caliph,  634-644:  re- 
fuses to  acknowledge  the  death  of 
Mohammed,  1,  237;  commands  in- 
vasion of  Persia,  5,  322;  reign  of,  1, 
243;  at  siege  of  Jerusalem,  256,  283; 
frugality  of,  256;  orders  destruction 
of  Alexandrian  library,  297 

Omar  (II)  ibn  Abdul-Aziz,  Moham- 
medan caliph,  717-720:  reign  of,  1, 

331 

Omar  Khayyam  (d.  early  12th  cen- 
tury), a  Persian  poet  and  astrono- 
mer: sketch  of,  5,  332,  333 

Omar  (Omer)  Pasha  (Michael  Lat- 
tach)  (1806-1871),  a  Turkish  gen- 
eral: services  of,  14,  439;  in  the 
Crimean  War,  14,  451,  15,  307;  wins 
battle  of  Eufatoria,  14,  458;  his 
Mingrelian  expedition,  15,  322 

Omayyads:  see  Ommeyads 

Omdurman,  Africa:  battle  of  (1898), 
1,  40,  11,  638,  19,  272 

Omer  Vrione  (19th  century),  Turkish 
general:  at  the  siege  of  Varna,  15, 
280 


GENERAL    INDEX 


517 


Omerville,  D'  (ca.  1600),  French  com- 
mander: his  campaigns  in  the  Neth- 
erlands, 13,  179 

Omeyyades:  see  Ommeyads 

Ommeyads  (Omayyads,  Ommiads, 
Omeyyades,  Omeyyads),  dynasty 
of  caliphs,  which  reigned  at  Da- 
mascus (661-750  A.  D.)  and  in 
Spain  (756-1031):  condition  of  Per- 
sia under,  5,  325 

Omnibus  Bill:  see  Compromise  of  1850 

Omri,  King  of  Israel,  ca.  899-875  B. 
C:  usurps  throne,  1,  390 

Omura  Masujiro  (19th  century),  Jap- 
anese   statesman:    assassination    of, 

7,  V7 
Onate,  Juan  de  (ca.  1555-1611),  settler 

and  first  governor  of  New  Mexico: 

explorations  of,  22,  141 
Onias   I,    High    Priest    of   Jerusalem, 

330  B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  404 
Onias  II,  High  Priest  of  Jerusalem, 

250  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  404 
Onias  III,  High  Priest  of  Jerusalem, 

198  B.  C. :  deposed,  1,  404 
Onomarchus  (d.  352  B.  C),  a  Phocian 

general:  in  the  Sacred  War,  2,  460; 

his  successes,  461 
Ono-no-Yoshifuru    (10th    century    A. 

D.),  Japanese  soldier:  defeats  Min- 

amoto-no-Sumitomo,  7,  53 
O-no-Yasumaro   (8th  century  A.  D.), 

Japanese  scholar:  scholarship  of,  7, 

34 

Onslow  Incident,  The,  an  affair  in 
England  concerning  the  freedom  of 
the  press  (1771),  II,  5U 

Ontario,  Province  of,  Canada:  created, 
20,  167 

Ooka  Tadasuke  (ca.  1800),  Japanese 
statesman:  sketch  of,  7,  146;  estab- 
lished the  fire-brigade  system,  149 

Opatow,  Russia:  engagement  at 
(1864),  15,  329 

Opdam  (17th  century),  Dutch  admi- 
ral: in  the  war  with  Sweden,  13, 
232,  relieves  Copenhagen,  16,  209 

Opechancanough  (17th  century),  an 
American  Indian:  massacres  colo- 
nists, 23,  63;  death  of,  63 

Opequan  Creek,  Virginia:  battle  of 
(1864),  24,  792 


Opimius,   Lucius    (d.   ca.    100   B.   C), 
Roman    praetor:    opposes    insurrec- 
tion of  Gracchus,  3,  184;  sent  to  di- 
vide Africa,   188 
Opium  War,  war  between  Great  Brit- 
ain and  China  (1840-1842):  account 
of,  6,  128 
Oporto,  seaport  of  Portugal:  battle  of 
(1809),   9,   337;   siege  of    (1833),   8, 
536 
Oppas    (8th    century    A.    D.),    Arch- 
bishop of  Toledo  and  Seville:  power 
of,     1,     311;     joins     Mohammedans 
against  Christians,  8,   128 
Oppius,     Spurius     (ca.     450     B.     C), 

Roman  statesman:  death  of,  3,  45 
Optimates,  Roman  faction:  rise  of,  3, 

172 
Oracles   of   Greece,   The:    description 

of,  2,  43 
Oran,  Algeria:  sieges  of  (1145),  8,  96; 
(1509),    192;   capture   of    (ca.    1560), 
14,  165 
Orange:  see  Arausio 
Orange,  Fort:  see  Albany 
Orange      River      Colony      (formerly 
Orange       River      Sovereignty       or 
Orange  Free  State),  Africa:  settled, 
20,     224;     Bloem-fontein     founded, 
226;    constituted   as   a   republic,    19, 
51;  declared  annexed  to  British  em- 
pire, 19,  283,  20,  233 
Orangemen,  Society  of,  an  Irish  po- 
litical society:  formed,  12,  205 
Orators  and  Oratory: 
ENGLAND: 

Bolingbroke,     Henry     St.     John, 

Viscount,  II,  455 
Bright,  John,  ix,  604 
Burke,  Edmund,  II,  519 
Fox,  Charles  James,  xi,  520 
Pitt,   William,    Earl   of   Chatham, 

11,  483 
Townshend,  Charles,  ix,  510 
Whitefield,   George,   11,   493 
FRANCE: 

Barrot,  Odillon,  9,  395 
Berryer,  Pierre  Antoine,  9,  389 
Cazales,    Jacques    Antoine    Marie 

de,   10,  80 
Danton,   George  Jacques,   9,   270, 
10,  142 


518 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Desmoulins,   Camille,  9,  263,  270, 

10,  56,  -142 
Duvergier  de  Hauranne,  Prosper, 

9,  431 

Guizot,  Francois  Pierre  Guillaume, 

9,  389 

Hebert,  Jacques  Rene,  9,  431 
Isnard,   Maximin,   10,   162 
Maury,  Jean  Siffrein,  10,  80 
Robespierre,      Maximilien      Marie 

Isidore,  10,  260,  290,  308 
Seze,  de,  10,  234 
Vergniaud,    Pierre    Victurnien,    9, 

281,  10,  154,  182 
GREECE: 
Aeschines,   2,  475 
Alcibiades,  2,  330 
Demosthenes,  2,  465,  466,  472 
Diodotus,  2,  295 
Pericles,  2,  273,  281 
Philip  II,  2,  457 
Themistocles,   2,    175,    196 
HOLLAND: 

Brederode,  Henry  de,  13,  86 
IRELAND: 

Butt,   Isaac,   12,  236 
Grattan,  Henry,  217,  220 
O'Connell,    Daniel,    12,    221,    225, 

229,  230 
ROME  and  ITALY: 

Caesar,  Caius  Julius,  3,  363 
Cicero,    Marcus    Tullius,    3,    266, 

282 
Rienzi,  Nicola  di,  4,  222 
UNITED  STATES: 

Blaine,   James    Gillespie,   24,   927, 

944,  947 
Bryan,  William  Jennings,  24,  1015 
Calhoun,  John  Caldwell,  24,  603 
Chase,   Salmon   Portland,   24,  607 
Clay,  Henry,  23,  457,  461,  24,  602, 

605 
Conkling,  Roscoe,  24,  926,  928 
Curtis,  George  William,  24,  943 
Douglas,  Stephen  Arnold,  24,  634, 

636,  668,  669 
Garfield,   James   Abram,   24,   928, 

930 
Greeley,  Horace,  24,  893 
Hayne,  Robert  Young,  23,  489 
Jefferson,  Thomas,  23,  384,  385 
Lamar,  Lucius  Quintus  Cincinna- 

tus,  24,  916 


Lincoln,   Abraham,    24,    667,   668, 

669,  670,  681,  783,  829 
Seward,  William  Henry,  24,  607 
Stephens,     Alexander     Hamilton, 

24,  688 
Webster,  Daniel,  23,  489,  605 
Wirt,  William,  23,  498 

Orbegoso,  Luis  (19th  century),  South 
American  statesman:  made  president 
of  Peru,  21,  194;  attempts  to  revo- 
lutionize Peru,  196 

Orcagna,  Andrea  (ca.  1325-ca.  1385), 
Florentine  architect,  painter,  and 
sculptor:  his  effect  on  the  Renais- 
sance, 4,  283 

Orchomenus,  in  Arcadia,  Greece:  ad- 
heres to   Sparta,  2,  440 

Orchomenus,  in  Boeotia,  Greece:  ar- 
chaeological remains  of,  2,  22;  im- 
portance in  prehistoric  Greece,  49; 
seized  by  oligarchs,  248;  joins  Spar- 
tans, 397;  aids  Agesilaus,  400;  holds 
out  against  Thebes,  430;  taken  by 
Epaminondas,  437;  taken  by  Ono- 
marchus,  462;  battle  of  (ca.  85  B. 
C),  3,  218 

Ordaz,  Diego  de  (ca.  1480-1533), 
Spanish  soldier:  exploies  the  Ori- 
noco, 21,  25 

Orde,  Thomas  (18th  century),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  introduces  a  reform 
bill,  12,  193 

Order  of  the  Dragon:  see  Dragon, 
Order  of  the 

Order  of  the  Garter:  see  Garter,  Or- 
der of  the 

Order  of  the  Indian  Empire,  Most 
Eminent:  founded,  5,  255 

Orders  in  Council,  a  retaliation  de- 
cree issued  by  Great  Britain  for 
Napoleon's  Berlin  decree  (1807),  11, 
560 

Ordono  I  (d.  866  A.  D.),  King  of 
Asturias  and  Leon,  850-866  A.  D.: 
reign  of,  8,  133 

Ordono  II  (d.  923  A.  D.),  King  of 
Asturias  and  Leon,  914-923  A.  D.: 
invades  the  Mohammedan  posses- 
sions, 8,  76;  reign  of,  135;  aids 
King  of  Navarre,  198 

Ordono  III  (d.  955  A.  D.),  King  of 
Asturias  and  Leon,  950-955  A.  D.: 
reign  of,  8,  136 


GENERAL    INDEX 


519 


Ordofio  IV,  King  of  Asturias  and 
Leon,    956-967    A.    D.:    reign    of,    8, 

137 

Ordovices,  The,  Briton  tribe:  at  war 
with  the  Romans,  11,  9 

Oregon,  a  state  of  the  United  States, 
named  from  the  Spanish  "  oregano  " 
meaning  "  wild  marjoram,"  a  plant 
which  abounds  on  the  Pacific 
coast:  disputed  territory,  23,  443; 
Northwest  Boundary  Dispute,  24, 
541;  Presidential  elections  of  1868, 
861;  1876,  910 

"Oregon,"  United  States  war-ship: 
joins  the  blockading  fleets  at  Santi- 
ago, 24,  1029;  in  battle  of  Santiago, 
1030 

Orellana,  Francisco  de  (ca.  1490- 
1546),  a  Spanish  soldier:  explores 
the  Amazon,  21,  25 

Orelli,  Johann  Kaspar  (1787-1849),  a 
Swiss  classical  philologist :   sketch  of, 

13,  531,  543,  584 

Orenburg,  Russia:  siege  of  (1773),  15, 
168 

Orestes  (d.  476),  Regent  of  the  West- 
ern Empire,  475-476:  influence  of,  4, 

151 

Oxford,  Earl  of:  see  Russell,  Edward 

Orguiva,  Spain:  siege  of  (1569),  8, 
370 

Oribe,  Ignacio  (early  19th  century), 
an  Uruguayan  soldier:  given  com- 
mand of  the  army,  21,  139 

Oribe,  Manuel  (ca.  1802-1857),  an 
Uruguayan  general  and  politician: 
elected  president  of  Uruguay,  21, 
139;  accepts  help  from  Rosas,  125, 
139 

Oriental  Trading  Company,  Austrian, 
a  company  for  trading  within  the 
Austrian  dominions  and  from  Aus- 
trian ports:  organized  (1719),  5,  173 

"  Original  Package "  Law,  a  United 
States  law  which  provides  that  each 
state  shall  have  the  right  to  exclude 
the  importation  of  intoxicating 
liquors  (1890) :   enacted,  24,  972 

Orinoco  River,  South  America:  dis- 
covered, 21,  12;  explored,  25 

Oriskany,  New  York:  battle  of  (1777), 
23,  254 


Orissa,  Bengal,  India:  captured  by 
Moguls  (1573),  5,  113 

Orissa  Famine,  The  (1866),  5,  245 

Orkhan  (d.  1359),  Sultan  of  Turkey, 
1326-1359:  reign  of,  14,  17,  19;  death 
of,  28 

Orkhan  (15th  century),  son  of  Baye- 
zid:  account  of,  14,  72 

Orkney  Islands,  a  group  of  islands 
north  of  Scotland:  visited  by  the 
Romans,  16,  298 

Orleans,  France:  sieges  of  (451  A.  D.), 
18,  41;  (1428-1429),  9,  114,  11,  203; 
(1870),  18,  425;  see  also  Cenabum 

Orleans,  Charles,  Duke  of  (1391- 
1465),  a  French  poet,  son  of  Louis, 
Duke  of  Orleans:  at  battle  of  Agin- 
court,  9,  in,  11,  199 

Orleans,  Ferdinand  Philippe,  Louis 
Charles  Henri,  Duke  of  Orleans, 
(1810-1842),  eldest  son  of  Louis 
Philippe,  King  of  the  French:  mar- 
riage of,  9,  414;  death  of,  420 

Orleans,  Helene,  Louise,  Duchess  of: 
see  Helen  Louise  of  Mecklenburg 

Orleans,  Jean  Baptiste  Gaston,  Duke 
of  (1608-1660),  a  younger  son  of 
Henry  IV:  conspires  against  Riche- 
lieu (1625),  9,  184;  marries  Mar- 
guerite of  Lorraine,  188;  revolt  of, 
188;  conspires  against  Richelieu 
(1642),  194;  joins  Conde  against 
Anne  of  Austria,  204;  made  lieuten- 
ant-general of  the  kingdom,  205 

Orleans,  Louis,  Duke  of:  see  Louis 
XII,  King  of  France 

Orleans,  Louis,  Duke  of  (1371-1407), 
younger  brother  of  Charles  VI:  re- 
gent of  France,  9,  109,  11,  193;  death 
of,  9,  no,  11,  194,  13,  39 

Orleans,  Louis  Philippe,  Duke  of:  see 
Louis  Philippe,  King  of  France 

Orleans,  Louis  Philippe  Joseph,  Duke 
of,  surnamed  Egalite  (1747-1793), 
great-grandson  of  Philippe  of  Or- 
leans: banished,  10,  34;  joins  Third 
Estate,  9,  263,  10,  53;  his  influence 
in  the  assembly,  10,  84;  sent  to 
England,  102;  returns  to  Paris,  123; 
death  of,  9,  287 

Orleans,  Philippe  I,  Duke  of  (1640- 
1701),    younger    brother    of    Louis 


520 


THE    HISTORY   OF    NATIONS 


XIV:  his  campaign  in  the  Nether- 
lands, 13,  241 

Orleans,  Philippe  II,  Duke  of  (1674- 
1723),  the  son  of  Philippe  I  of  Or- 
leans: regent  for  Louis  XV  of 
France,  9,  227;  death  of,  234 

Orleans,  The  Maid  of:  see  Jeanne 
d'Arc 

Orlov  (Orloff),  Alexis  (1737-1808),  a 
Russian  admiral:  plots  for  Cath- 
erine, 15,  156;  murders  Peter,  158; 
in  the  war  with  Turkey,  14,  326,  15, 
178;  at  the  reinterment  of  Peter, 
201 

Orlov  (Orloff),  Alexis  Feodor  (1787- 
1861),  a  Russian  general  and  dip- 
lomat: aids  Turkey  against  Mehemet 
Ali,  15,  291 

Orlov  (Orloff),  Count  Gregory  (1734- 
1783),  a  Russian  general  and  poli- 
tician: plots  for  Catherine,  15,  155; 
Catherine's  favors  to,  161;  his  strug- 
gles with  Panin,  165 

Ormais,  Finland:  battle  of  (1808),  15, 
216 

Ormesson,  Henri  Francois  de  Paule 
d'  (1751-1807),  French  politician: 
made  minister  of  finance,  9,  257;  an- 
nounces the  capture  of  the  Bastile 
to  the  assembly,  10,  69 

Ormond,  James  Butler,  1st  Duke  of 
(1610-1688),  Irish  soldier:  made  lord 
lieutenant  of  Ireland,  12,  120;  con- 
dition   of    Ireland    under    his    rule, 

131 

Ormond,  James  Butler,  2nd  Duke  of 
(1665-1745),  Irish  statesman:  com- 
mands expedition  against  Cadiz,  8, 
390;  at  battle  of  Vigo,  9,  221;  suc- 
ceeds to  the  command  in  the  Neth- 
erlands, 11,  463;  attainted,  469 

Ormond,  Thomas  Butler,  Earl  of 
(1532-1614),  Irish  nobleman:  his 
campaign  against  the  Geraldines,  12, 
90 

Ormond,  Thomas  Butler,  Marquis  of 
(17th  century),  Irish  statesman:  op- 
poses Cromwell  in  Ireland,  II,  363 

Ormuz,  western  Asia:  reduced  by  Al- 
buquerque, 20,  42 

Orodes  (Arsaces  XIV),  Parthian  king, 
57-37  B.  C:  accession  of,  3,  322 


Oroetes,    Persian    ruler,    6th    century 

B.  C. :  satrap,  2,  129 
Oropus,    Greece:    taken    by    Thebans, 

2,     446;     given     to     Athenians     by 

Philip,  479 
Orosius:   Alfred's  translation   of,   16, 

7,  299 

Orozoco,  Geronimo  de  (16th  century), 
Mexican  statesman:  member  of 
governing  audiencia,  22,  120 

Orsini,  Princess  Anna  Maria  (1643- 
1722),  Spanish  court  lady  of  French 
birth:  sketch  of,  8,  387;  disgraced, 
404 

Orsini  Plot,  The,  a  plot  whose  object 
was  the  assassination  of  the  emperor 
and   empress   of   France    (1858),   9, 

449 
Orsova,  Hungary:  sieges  of  (1396),  14, 

40;    (1739),   314;    captured   by   Aus- 

trians  (1790),  357 
Ortega,  General  (19th  century),  Mex- 
ican military  officer:  in  the  Reform 

War,  22,  383 
Ortelius,  Abraham  (1 527-1 598),  Dutch 

geographer      and       mathematician: 

sketch  of,  13,  169 
Orthez    (Orthes),    France:    battle    of 

(1814),  8,  531,  9,  348 
Orthez,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  concluded 

between  France  and  Venice  (1513), 

9,  135 

Orthodox  Greek  Church:  see  Greek 
Church,  The  Orthodox 

Ortiz  de  Zuniga,  Inigo  (14th  century), 
Governor  of  Xerxes:  refuses  to 
poison  Blanche  de  Bourbon,  8,  165 

Ortsin  (18th  century),  Russian  explor- 
er: mission  of,  15,  114 

Orvilliers,  Louis  Guillouet  (1708- 
1791),  French  admiral:  in  war  with 

_  England,  9,  254 

Osaka,  Japan:  siege  of,  7,  126 

Osborn,  Sherard  (ca.  1822-1875),  Brit- 
ish naval  officer  and  writer:  arrives 
at  Shanghai,  6,  207 

Osborne,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Danby:  see 
Danby,  Thomas  Osborne,  Earl  of 

Oscar  I  (1799-1859),  King  of  Norway 
and  Sweden,  1844-1859:  accession  of, 
16,  260;  in  the  Slesvig-Holstein 
controversy,  270;  reign  of,  277 


GENERAL    INDEX 


521 


Oscar  II  (1829-1907),  King  of  Sweden 
and  Norway,  1872-1907:  reign  of, 
16,  279 

Osceola  (1803-1837),  chief  of  Semi- 
noles:  leads  rebellion,  23,  507;  cap- 
tured, 515 

Oseka  (19th  century),  Japanese  mili- 
tary officer:  his  campaigns  in  the 
Chino-Japanese  War,  7,  267 

Osgood,     Herbert     Levi     (1855 ), 

American  educator:  classifies  Amer- 
ican colonies,  23,  114 

5shima  (19th  century),  Japanese  mili- 
tary officer:  his  campaigns  against 
Chinese,  7,  262,  267 

Oshiro  Heihachiro  (19th  century), 
Japanese  revolutionist:  leads  rebel- 
lion, 7,  155 

Oslo,  Diet  of,  an  assembly  at  which 
Margaret  was  proclaimed  Queen  of 
Norway  (1388),  16,  120 

Osman  (Sultans  of  the  Turks):  see 
Othman 

Osman  Pasha  (d.  1733) :  see  Topal 
Osman 

Osman  Pasha  (ca.  1835-1900),  Turk- 
ish soldier:  his  campaign  against 
Russia,  15,  334,  14,  481 

Osnabriick,  Prussia:  negotiations  at, 
.18,  292 

Osollo,  General  (19th  century),  Mexi- 
can military  officer:  in  the  Reform 
War,  22,   383 

Osorio,  Roderigo  Pacheco,  Marques 
de  Cerralvo  (17th  century),  Spanish 
statesman:  made  viceroy  of  New 
Spain,  22,  162 

Ospino,'Mariano  (19th  century),  South 
American  statesman:  his  govern- 
ment in  Colombia,  21,  85 

Ossawatomie  Creek,  Kansas:  John 
Brown's  attack  on  settlers,  24,  651, 
673 

Ostend,  Russia:  sieges  of  (1601-1604), 
13,  177;  (1789),  261 

Ostend  Company:  see  East  India 
Company,  Ostend 

Ostend  Manifesto,  a  declaration 
drawn  up  at  Ostend  and  intended 
to  settle  the  Cuban  question  (1854), 
24,  628,  879 


Ostermann,  Count  Andrei  Ivanovitch 

(1686-1747),  Russian  diplomat:  ne- 
gotiations of,  15,  65,  80,  121;  gov- 
ernor of  Peter  II  of  Russia,  95;  his 
power  under  Anne,  105,  112;  under 
Anne  Leopoldovna,  128;  opposed  by 
Munnich,  130;  arrest  of,  133;  banish- 
ment of,  137;  death  of,  153 

Osterweel,  Holland:  battle  of  (1567), 
13,  102 

Ostia,  Italy:  part  of  the  territory  of 
Rome,  3,  10;  treatment  of,  by  Rome, 
21;  seized  by  Alaric,  4,  141 

Ostmanni,  one  of  the  groups  into 
which  the  kingdoms  of  Denmark 
were  divided:  ravage  the  British 
coast,  16,  16 

Ostrach,  Germany:  battle  of  (1799), 
10,  403 

Ostracism,  a  method  of  temporary 
banishment  for  political  reasons: 
practiced  in  ancient  Athens,  2,  150 

Ostrogoths,  the  eastern  branch  of  the 
Gothic  race:  location  of,  17,  14;  at- 
tacked by  the  Huns,  15;  drive  back 
the  Huns,  16;  rise  and  fall  of,  18, 
45;  see  also  Goths 

Ostrolenka,  a  town  in  Russian  Poland: 
battle  of  (1831),  15,  295 

Oswald  (ca.  604-642),  King  of  North- 
umbria,  634-642:  reign  of,  II,  35; 
aids  progress  of  Christianity  among 
his  people,  12,  253 

Oswald,  Richard  (late  18th  century), 
English  diplomat:  negotiates  treaty 
with  America,  23,  286 

Oswego,  New  York:  taken  by  the 
French  (1757),  20,  118,  23,  184;  cap- 
tured by  Indians,  23,  200;  given  up 
by  England,  362 

Oswini,  King  of  Deira,  7th  century: 
accession  of,  II,  35 

Oswiu  (Oswin  or  Oswy),  King  of 
Northumbria,  642-670:  reign  of,  11, 
35;  extends  his  kingdom,  12,  253 

Oswold  (10th  century),  Bishop  of 
Worcester:  expels  secular  clergy 
from  Worcester,  11,  50 

Otago,  New  Zealand:  founded,  20, 
213 

Otani  Yoshitaka   (late   16th   century), 


522 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Japanese   military  officer:   his  cam- 
paign against  Korea,  7,  116 

Otero,  Mariano  (early  19th  century), 
Mexican  political  leader:  leader  of 
Moderados,  22,  318 

Otgar  (Othgar  or  Ottokar)  (8th  cen- 
tury), Scandinavian  soldier:  ex- 
ploits of,  8,  218 

Other  (Ohther  or  Ottar)  (9th  cen- 
tury), a  Norwegian  traveler:  voy- 
ages of,  16,  299 

Othman  (Osman)  I  (d.  1326),  Emir 
of  the  Ottomans:  founder  of  Otto- 
man Empire,  14,  9,  12;  dream  of, 
interpreted,    14;   character   of,    16 

Othman  II  (d.  1622),  Sultan  of  Tur- 
key, 1618-1622:  reign  of,  14,  212 

Othman  III,  Sultan  of  Turkey,  1754- 
1757:  reign  of,  14,  318 

Othman  (575-656  A.  D.),  Moslem 
caliph,  644-656  A.  D.:  revises  the 
Koran,  1,  211;  reign  of,  243;  at- 
tempts conquest  of  Africa,  300 

Othman  (d.  1817),  Moslem  conqueror 
effect  of  his  death,  19,  147 

Othman  (14th  century),  Mohammedan 
general:  revolt  of,  8,  112 

Othman  ben  Abi  Neza  or  Manuza  (8th 
century),  Viceroy  of  Spain:  favors 
the  Franks,  8,  64 

Otho  I  (1815-1867),  King  of  Greece 
1832-1862:  made  King  of  Greece,  2 
546 

Otho  (d.  1060),  Prince  of  Savoy, 
reign  of,  4,  272 

Otho  (Otto)  (late  10th  century), 
Duke  of  Lorraine:  sketch  of,  13,  22 

Otho,  Cardinal  (early  13th  century) 
Roman  Catholic  ecclesiastic:  papa 
legate  to  England,  II,  135 

Otho,  Marcus  Salvius  (32-69  A.  D.) 
Emperor  of  Rome,  January-April 
69  A.  D.:  sent  to  Lusitania,  4,  63 
plots  to  obtain  the  throne,  69;  pro- 
claimed emperor,  70;  death,  71 

Otho  of  Nassau  (late  nth  century) 
German  prince:  unites  the  cantons 
of  Guelders,  13,  26 

Otho:  see  also  Otto 

Othryades  (6th  century  B.  C),  Greek 
soldier:  Spartan  victor,  2,  77 


Otiartes,  a  mythical  antediluvian  King 
of  Babylonia:  reign  of,  1,  73 

Otiaz  (early  16th  century),  Spanish 
priest:  accompanies  Pizarro,  21,  18 

Otis,  Elwell  Stephen    (1838 ),  an 

American  general:  commands  Amer- 
ican forces  in  the  Philippines,  20, 
316;  military  governor  of  Philip- 
pines, 24,  1037;  member  of  the  Phil- 
ippine commission,   1042 

Otis,  James  (1725-1783),  an  American 
orator  and  patriot:  his  speech 
against  general  search  warrants,  24, 
206;  proposes  a  general  congress  of 
the  colonies,  212 

Otomo,  Prince:  see  Kobun,  Emperor 
of  Japan 

6tomo-no-Yakamochi  (8th  century), 
Japanese  scholar:  aids  in  the  com- 
pilation of  the  "  Manyoshu,"  7,  35 

Otondo,  Isidor  (late  17th  century), 
Spanish  explorer:  commands  expe- 
dition to  California,  22,  178 

©tori  (late  19th  century),  Japanese 
statesman:  his  career  in   Korea,  7, 

_259 

Otori  Keisuke  (19th  century),  Japa- 
nese soldier:  rebellion  of,  7,  169 

Otranto,  a  seaport  in  Italy:  fall  of 
(1480),  14,  86 

Ott,  Charles,  Baron  (d.  1809),  Hun- 
garian soldier:  his  campaign  in  Italy, 
10,  438 

Ottawa,  Canada:  made  capital  of 
Canada,  20,  161 

Otterburn,  England:  raid  of  (known 
also  as  the  battle  of  Chevy  Chase) 
(1388),  12,  287 

Otto  (Otho)  (I)  the  Great  (912-973), 
Holy  Roman  Emperor,  918-973: 
reign  of,  18,  108;  charters  of,  16, 
29;  reconciles  Louis  IV  and  his 
nobles,  9,  56;  invades  Italy,  4,  181 

Otto  (II)  the  Bloody  (955-983),  Holy 
Roman  Emperor,  973-983:  accession 
of,  9,  58,  18,  113;  reign  of,  18,  116; 
gives  governorship  of  Lower  Lor- 
raine to  a  prince  of  the  royal  house 
of  France,  13,  22 

Otto  (III)  the  Red  (980-1002),  Holy 
Roman    Emperor,   983-1002:   acces- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


523 


sion  of,  9,  59,  18,  118;  reign  of,  119; 
Italy  under,  4,  183 

Otto  (IV)  the  Superb  (ca.  1174-1218), 
Holy  Roman  Emperor,  1208-1215: 
his  struggles  for  the  throne,  18,  158, 
160;  crowned,  4,  198,  18,  159;  joins 
John  of  England  against  Philip  II 
of  France,  II,  124;  quarrel  with  the 
Pope,  200;  defeated  at  Bouvines,  11, 
126,  13,  29;  seeks  an  alliance  with 
Denmark,  16,  85 

Otto  the  Gay,  Duke  of  Austria,  1330- 
1339:  reign  of,  17,  101 

Otto  (d.  1083),  Duke  of  Bavaria, 
1 061-1070:  his  relations  with  Henry 
IV  of  Germany,   18,   132 

Otto  (late  13th  century),  Margrave 
of  Brandenburg:  made  guardian  of 
Vasclav  IV  of  Bohemia,  17,  78 

Otto  (14th  century),  Prince  of  Den- 
mark: a  prisoner  in  Holstein,  16 
114 

Otto,  Duke  of  Gascony,  8th  century: 
reign  of,  9,  40 

Otto  (d.  912),  Duke  of  Saxony:  ap- 
pointed regent  of  Germany,  18,  100; 
refuses  crown  of  Germany,  104 

Otto  (15th  century),  Count  of 
Schaumburg:  his  claims  on  Holstein, 
16,  135 

Otto  of  Bavaria,  King  of  Hungary, 
1305:  reign  of,  17,  151 

Otto  of  Brunswick  (13th  century),  a 
Welf  leader  in  Germany:  recon- 
ciled to  Frederick  II  of  Germany, 
18,  164 

Otto  of  Freising  (Freisingen)  (d. 
1 158),  a  German  historian,  Bishop  of 
Freising:  sketch  of,  18,  178;  advises 
Henry  II  of  Austria,  17,  91 

Otto  of  Wittelsbach  (d.  1209),  Duke 
of  Bavaria:  in  Italy,  18,  149;  ac- 
quires Bavaria,  153;  murders  Philip 
of  Suabia,  158;  death  of,  159 

Otto:  see  also  Otho 

Ottokar  (Ottocar)  (II)  (d.  1278), 
King  of  Bohemia:  revolt  of,  18,  180 

Ottokar,  Italian  chieftain:  see  Odoacer 

Ottoman  Turks,  the  branch  of  the 
Turks  that  founded  the  Turkish  em- 
pire: coming  of,  14,  5;  in  Greece, 
2,  536 


Otto-Venire  (ca.  1550-1630),  a  Flem- 
ish painter:  sketch  of,  13,  220 

Otumba,  Mexico:  battle  of,  22,  39 

Otyimbingue,  South  Africa:  purchased 
by  German  missionaries,  19,  94 

6uchi  Yoshihiro  (14th  century),  Japa- 
nese  revolutionist:   rebellion   of,   7, 

94 
Ouchi  Yoshitaka  (early  16th  century), 
Japanese  subject:   provides  corona- 
tion expenses  for  Emperor  Gonara, 

7,  100 
Oude:  see  Oudh 

Oudenarde  (Oudenaarde  or  Auden- 
arde),  Belgium:  battle  of  (1708), 
9,  223,  11,  459,  13,  250,  18,  314 

Oudh  (Oude),  a  province  of  British 
India:  annexed  to  British  India,  5, 
229 

Oudh  Rent  Act,  an  act  to  guard  the 
rights  of  the  tenants  against  the 
landlords  (1885):  passage  of,  5,  260 

Oudh  Tenancy  Act,  an  act  protecting 
the  rights  of  the  peasant  tenants 
(1868):  passage  of,  5,  245 

Oudinot,  Nicolas  Charles,  Duke  of 
Reggio  (1767-1847),  a  French  mar- 
shal: in  the  Napoleonic  wars,  18, 
383;  made  member  of  Louis 
XVIII's  council,  9,  355 

Oudinot,  Nicolas  Charles  Victor 
(1791-1863),  a  French  general:  at 
the  Beresina,  15,  252;  his  campaign 
in  Italy,  9,  439;  restores  Pius  IX  to 
his  throne,  4,  368 

Oulart,  Hill  of,  Wexford,  Ireland: 
battle  of  (1798),  12,  210 

Ourique,    Portugal:    battle   of    (1139), 

8,  96,  274 

Ousti,  Austria:  becomes  the  center  of 
religious  reformers,  17,  127 

Outram,  Sir  James  (1803-1863),  an 
English  general:  makes  friends  of 
the  Bhils  for  the  English,  5,  28; 
assumes  government  of  Oudh,  230; 
his  campaigns  in  the  Mutiny,  237; 
his  campaign  against   Persia,  363 

Outside  Nortwinders:  see  Hyper- 
boreans 

Ovando  (early  19th  century),  South 
American  soldier:  orders  the  execu- 
tion of  Sucre,  21,  84 


524 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Ovando,  Nicolas  de  (1460-1518?),  a 
Spanish  administrator:  his  govern- 
orship of  Hayti,  31,  16 

Overseers,  Southern,  in  the  United 
States:  cruelty  of,  34,  586 

Ovid  (Publius  Ovidius  Naso)  (43  B. 
C.-17  or  18  A.  D.),  a  Roman  poet: 
exiled,  4,  44 

Ovinian  Law,  a  Roman  law  regulating 
the  composition  of  the  Senate: 
passed,  3,  53 

Owen,  Captain  (early  19th  century), 
English  scientist:  obtains  territory 
in  Africa  for  England,  19,  51 

Oxe,  Peder  (late  16th  century),  Dan- 
ish statesman:  sketch  of,  16,  197 

Oxenden,  Sir  George  (17th  century), 
English  official  in  India:  defends 
English  factory  at  Surat  (1662),  5 
131;  (1664),  165 

Oxenstierna  (Oxenstiern),  Count  Axel 
(1583-1654),  Swedish  statesman:  in 
the  Thirty  Years'  War,  16,  186,  18, 
284;  leads  the  aristocrats,  16,  204 

Oxford,  England:  siege  of  (1645),  11, 
353;  first  Russian  grammar  printed 
at,  15,  34 

Oxford,  Earls  of:  see  Harley,  Robert 
and  Vere,  Robert  de 

Oxford,  Provisions  of,  in  English  his- 
tory, a  set  of  articles  passed  by  the 
"  Mad  Parliament "  at  Oxford 
(1258):  clauses  of,  11,  138 


Oxford,  University  of,  the  older  of  the 
two  great  universities  of  England: 
origin  and  growth  of,  n,  116;  growth 
in  reign  of  Henry  III,  142;  Wolsey 
founds  college  at,  244;  graduates  of, 
in  Constitutional  Convention,  23, 
323 

Oxford  Reformers,  religious  reform- 
ers in  England:  ambitions  of,  II, 
239 

Oyama,  Marshal  Count,  a  contempo- 
rary Japanese  statesman,  minister  of 
war  in  1894:  his  campaign  in  the 
Chino-Japanese  War,  7,  268;  his 
services  in  the  Russo-Japanese  War, 
7,  310,  15,  364 

Oye  Hiromoto  (late  12th  century), 
Japanese  statesman:  made  minister 
of  the  public  archives,  7,  68;  plans 
campaign  against  the  imperial 
forces,  71 

Ozaki,  a  contemporary  Japanese 
statesman,  minister  of  education  in 
1898:  causes  downfall  of  Okuma's 
cabinet,  7,  221 

Ozarovski  (late  18th  century),  Rus- 
sian nobleman:  death  of,  15,  190 

Ozerov  (d.  1816),  Russian  dramatist: 
work  of,  15,  269 

Ozolian  Locrians  (Locri  Ozolae),  a 
Greek  people  living  along  the 
Corinthian  Gulf:  defeated  by  Phi- 
lomelus,  2,  460 


Pa  Chung  (18th  century),  Chinese 
general:  bribes  Gurkha  invaders,  6, 
109;  disgrace  and  suicide  of,  102 

Paardeberg,  South  Africa:  battle  of 
(1900),  20,  233 

Pablos,  Juan  (16th  century),  Mexican 
book  publisher:  publishes  first  Mexi- 
can book,  22,  108 

Pabon,  South  America:  battle  of 
(1861),  31,  130 

Pachano,  General  (19th  century), 
South  American  military  officer: 
made  head  of  ministry,  21,  102 

Pacheco  (19th  century),  South  Ameri- 
can soldier:  directs  the  defense  of 
Montevideo   (1842),  21,  139 

Pacheco,  Diego  Lopes  (14th  century), 
Portuguese  nobleman:  concerned  in 
the  murder  of  Ifies  de  Castro,  8, 
289 

Pacheco,  Duarte  (16th  century),  Por- 
tuguese soldier:  his  campaign  in  In- 
dia, 5,  148 

Pacheco,  Gregorio  (19th  century), 
South  American  statesman:  presi- 
dent of  Bolivia,   1884-1888,  21,  243 

Paches  (5th  century  B.  C.)»  Athenian 
commander:  takes  Mitylene  (427  B. 
C),  2,  293;  slays  himself,  296 

Pacific,  War  of  the,  a  war  waged  by 
Chili  against  Bolivia  and  Peru 
(1879-1883):  causes,  21,  233;  Chili- 
ans occupy  Bolivian  coast,  234; 
naval  battles  off  Callao,  235;  off 
Cape  Agamos,  235;  land  battles  of 
Tarapaca,  236;  of  Tacna,  237; 
Chorillos  and  Miraflores,  237;  Lima 
entered  by  the  Chilians,  238;  ended 
by  Treaty  of  Ancon,  238 

Pacific  Ocean:  discovered,  21,  16,  23, 
2,7;  as  Florida  boundary,  23,  445 

Packard,  S.  B.  (19th  century),  Ameri- 
can statesman:  elected  governor  of 
Louisiana,  24,  872  note 


Pacocha,  South  America:  occupied  by 
the   Chilians    (1880),  21,  236 

Pacorus,  Prince  (d.  38  B.  C.)»  Par- 
thian prince:  invades  Syria,  325:  re- 
volts against  his  father,  3,  325 

Pacta  Conventa,  bond  between  the 
King  of  Poland  and  his  subjects:  de- 
scription of,  15,  380 

Pacta  de  Tregua,  a  truce  between 
Chili  and  Bolivia  (1884),  21,  265 

Pactyas  (6th  century  B.  C),  Lydian 
official:  mentioned,  2,   125 

Padeborn,  Prussia:  battle  of  (783  A. 
D.),  18,  82 

Padilla,  Juan  de  (16th  century),  Span- 
ish statesman:  arrested,  8,  346 

Padua,  Italy:  conquered  by  Venice,  4, 
250 

Paducah,  Kentucky:  occupied  by  Fed- 
erals, 24,  742 

Paez,  Jose  Antonio  (1785-1873),  South 
American  general:  induces  the  llan- 
eros  to  join  the  revolutionists,  21, 
66;  rebels  against  Bolivar,  81;  made 
president  of  Venezuela,  94;  second 
administration  of,  95;  minister  pleni- 
potentiary to  the  United  States,  97; 
made  dictator,  97;  death  of,  101 

Paget,  Lord  (17th  century),  English 
diplomat:  in  Turkey,  14,  266 

Pago  Pago  (Pango  Pango),  a  haven 
on  the  southern  side  of  Tutuila  in 
the  Samoan  Islands:  ceded  to  the 
United  States,  20,  321,  24,  77 

Pagomdas  (5th  century),  Grecian  sol- 
dier: commands  at  Delium,  2,  311 

Pahlen,  Count  Peter  von  der  (1744- 
1826),  Russian  general:  implicated 
in  the  assassination  of  Paul,  15,  208 

Paine,  Thomas  (1737-1809),  American 
political  writer:  influence  of,  23,  143; 
publishes  his  pamphlet  "  Common 
Sense,"  239;  his  career  in  France, 
10,  235  note 


525 


526 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Paiva  (Payva),  Alfonso  de  (15th  cen- 
tury), Portuguese  explorer:  journey 
of,  5,  144,  20,  38 

Pakenham,  Sir  Edward  Michael 
(1778-1815),  British  general:  at  siege 
of  New  Orleans,  23,  428;  death  of, 
428 

Palacios  (16th  century),  Mexican  sol- 
dier: commands  expedition  against 
Drake,  22,  135;  at  the  battle  of 
Cerro  Gordo,  325 

Palacios,  Raimundo  Andueza  (19th 
century),  South  American  general: 
president  of  Venezuela,  21,  246 

Palacky,  Frantisek  (1798-1876),  Bo- 
hemian historian:  sketch  of,  17,  343; 
draws  up  a  project  for  the  govern- 
ment of  the  Austrian  empire,  378; 
leads    Czech  party,  403 

Palaeolithic  Age,  name  given  to  a  pre- 
historic period  of  the  earth:  men- 
tioned, 23,  3;  discoveries  near  the 
Little  Petrified  Forest,   1,  3 

Palaeolithic  Men,  inhabitants  of  the 
earth  during  the  Palaeolithic  age: 
description  of,  II,  25 

Palaeopolis,  Italy:  siege  of,  3,  69 

Palafox  y  Melzi,  Jose  de  (1 780-1 847), 
Spanish  general:  defends  Saragossa, 
8,  489 

Palafox  y  Mendoza,  Juan  de  (17th 
century),  Archbishop  of  Mexico:  as 
vistador  in  Mexico,  22,  163;  as  vice- 
roy of  Mexico,  165 

Palais  Royal,  France:  description  of, 
10,  55  note 

Palakollu,  India:  built,  5,  155 

Palamesa,  Diego  de  (17th  century), 
South  American  statesman:  death 
of,  21,  31 

Palermo,  Sicily:  court  of  Frederick  II 
at,  18,   162;   siege  of   (i860),  4,  378 

Palermo,  Stone  of,  inscribed  stone 
found  in  Egypt:  its  value,  I,  13 

Palestine,  Asia  Minor:  conquered  by 
Antiochus,  3,  143;  ravaged  by  Ro- 
man forces,  4,  78;  see  also  Israel 

Palestrina,  Giovanni  Pierluigi  da 
(1524-1594):  sketch  of,  4,  414 

Palestro,  Italy:  battle  of  (1859),  4, 
373,  9,  451 

Palffy,  John  (18th  century),  Austrian 


statesman:  made  lieutenant  of  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  253 

Palikao,  Charles  Guillame  Marie  Apol- 
linaire  Antoine  Cousin-Montauban, 
Count  de  (1796-1878),  French  gen- 
eral: in  the  Franco-Prussian  War, 
18,  422 

Palladium  (ca.  367-ca.  431  A.  D.), 
bishop  of  Helenopolis:  sent  as 
bishop  to  Ireland,  12,  27 

"Pallas,"  a  United  States  war  vessel: 
fight  with  the  "  Countess  of  Scar- 
borough," 23,  291 

Pallot  (16th  century),  Scotch  governor 
of  Guelders,  Netherlands:  treachery 
of,  13,  152 

Palm,  Johann  Philip  (1766- 1806), 
bookseller  of  Nuremberg:  sketch  of, 
18,  372 

Palma,  Tomas  Estrada,  a  contempo- 
rary Cuban  statesman:  elected  presi- 
dent of  Cuba  (1902),  22,  468,  24, 
1046;  sketch  of,  22,  474;  reelected 
(1905),  490;  resigns,  490 

Palmar,  Mexico:  taken  by  insurgents, 
22,  244  note 

Palmella,  Pedro  de  Souza-Holstein, 
Duke  of  (1786-1850),  a  Portuguese 
statesman:  administration  of,  8,  536 

Palmer,  Sir  Arthur  Power  (1840-1904), 
an  English  soldier:  sketch  of,  5,  279 

Palmer,  Fyshe  (late  18th  century), 
a  Scotch  clergyman:  sentenced  to 
transportation,  12,  371 

Palmer,  John  McCauley  (1817-1900), 
an  American  general  and  politician: 
nominated  for  President,  24,  1015 

Palmera,  Balearic  Isles:  battle  of 
(1228),   8,  240 

Palmerston,  Henry  John  Temple,  Vis- 
count ( 1 784-1865),  British  states- 
man, called  Evergreen  Pam:  mem- 
ber of  Grey's  ministry,  II,  587;  for- 
eign policy  of,  593;  his  attitude  to- 
ward Poland,  15,  296;  quoted  on  the 
Webster-Ashburton  Treaty,  24,  531; 
dismissed  from  office,  II,  609;  sup- 
ports Villier's  Resolution,  610;  first 
ministry  of,  II,  617,  15,  3*7",  sec- 
ond ministry  of  (1859),  II,  621 

Palmetto  State,  The:  see  South  Caro- 
lina 


GENERAL    INDEX 


527 


Palnatoke  (late  ioth  century),  Danish 

chief:  career  of,  16,  30 
Palo  Alto,  a  place  near  the  southern 

extremity  of  Texas:  battle  of  (1846), 

22,  289,  24,  547 
Palsgrave,      Goody:      see     Elizabeth 

Queen  of  Bohemia 
Paltry  Peace:   see  Sainte-Menehould, 

Treaty  of 
Pamir  Difficulty,  The,  a  question  of 

the  boundary   line  between   Asiatic 

Russia,  Afghanistan,  and  China,  15, 

346 

Pampas,  grassy  plains  in  South 
America:  description  of,  21,  118 

Pampeluna  (Pamplona),  Spain:  cap- 
tured by  Charlemagne,  8,  70,  18,  81; 
siege  of  (907  A.  D.),  8,  197 

Pan,  a  Greek  god  of  pastures,  forests, 
and  flocks:  legend  of,  2,  166 

Pan,  The  Great:  see  Voltaire 

Pan  Ch'ao  (2nd  century  B.  C.)>  a 
Chinese  general:  his  march  to 
Khoten,  6,  13 

Panama,  a  city  of  Panama,  Central 
America:  taken  by  Morgan,  20,  69; 
Pan-American  conference  at  (1826), 
21,  80;  made  a  free  port,  85;  south- 
ern terminus  of  Panama  Canal,  24, 
1056 

Panama,  Republic  of,  Central  Amer- 
ica: created,  21,  245;  history  of,  20, 
331;  revolts  from  Colombia,  24,  1059 

Panama  Canal,  a  projected  ship-canal 
across  the  Isthmus  of  Panama:  early 
negotiations  concerning,  24,  612; 
account  of,  1055;  Congress  declares 
in  favor  of  the  lock  type,  1084 

Panama  Congress,  a  congress  held  at 
Panama  in  which  the  United  States 
and  several  Spanish-American  coun- 
tries were  represented  (1826) :  ac- 
count of,  21,  80,  23,  468,  24,  1055 

Pan-American  Conference,  a  confer- 
ence in  Rio  Janeiro  in  which  all  the 
American  republics  were  represent- 
ed (1906):  account  of,  21,  255 

Pan-American  Exposition,  an  exposi- 
tion held  in  Buffalo,  New  York 
(1901):  McKinley  shot  at,  24,  1049 

Pandita  Ramabai:  see  Ramabai,  Pan- 
dita 


Pandulf  (Pandulph)  (d.  1226),  a  papal 
legate:  receives  the  submission  of 
John,  11,  125 

Pandya,  an  ancient  kingdom  of  India: 
description  of,  5,  104 

Paneas,  afterwards  called  Caesarea 
Philippe  and  now  called  Banias, 
town  in  Palestine:  battle  of  (198  B. 
C),  1,  404 

Pangaeus  Mount,  a  mountain  in  an- 
cient Greece:  gold  mines  of,  2,  235; 
mines  worked  by  Philip  of  Macedon, 

459 
Panhandle  State,  The:  see  West  Vir- 
ginia 
Panics  and  Crises,  Financial: 

B.  C. 

88.     Rome,   3,  209 

A.  D. 

305.     Roman  Empire,  4,  115 

1379.     England,  11,  174 

1688.     French  East  India  Company, 
5,  170 

1718.     Sweden,   16,  224 

1720.     Law's  notes,  9,  232 

1720.     South  Sea  Company  in  Eng- 
land, 11,  473 

1774.     France,  10,  25,  36,  40,  44 

1783.  France,  9,  257,  10,  31 

1784.  The  Ostend  Company,  5,  174 

1790.  France,  10,  164,  422 

1791.  France,  10,  161 

1792.  France,  10,  424 

1795.  France,  9,  292,   10,  332,  369, 

372 

1797.  France,  10,  428 

1800.  Austria-Hungary,  17,  289 

1802.  England,    10,  444 

181 1.  Austria,   17,  303,  328 

1813.  Denmark,  16,  257 

1814.  United  States-,  24,  1092 
1816-1817.     England,  11,  569 
1819.  England,  II,  572 
1819.  United  States,  23,  438 
1822.  France,  9,  483 

1833.     United    States,    23,    503,    24, 

1095 

1836.  United   States,  23,  505 

1837.  United    States,    23,    512,    24, 
1097 

1866.     Argentine  Republic,  21,  132 
1866.     India,   5,   246 


528 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


1873.     Germany,  18,  438 

1873.     United  States,  24,  896,  899 

1876.     Argentine  Republic,  21,  257 

1883.     Italy,   4,    400 

1887.     China,  6,  255 

1891.     Argentine  Republic,  21,  257 

1893.     India,   5,   273 

1893.     United  States,  24,  995 

1895.     Chili,    22,   242 

1898.     Persia,  5,  364 

Panin  (Pannini),  Count  Nikita  Ivan- 
ovitch  (1718-1783),  a  Russian  states- 
man: plots  for  Catherine,  15,  155; 
his  struggles  with  Orlov,  165;  in  the 
Pugatchev  insurrection,  169;  fall  of, 
171;  at  Bender,  177,  180 

Panipat  (Paniput),  British  India:  bat- 
tles of  (1526),  5,  109;  (1556),  hi; 
(1761),  128,  133 

Panis,  fitienne  Jean  (1757-1833),  a 
French  revolutionist:  leader  of  the 
commune,  10,  203 

Paniutin,  General  (early  19th  century), 
Russian  military  officer:  in  the  Hun- 
garian insurrection,   15,   300 

Pann,  Peter  (late  16th  century),  a 
Dutch  revolutionist:  attempts  to  as- 
sassinate Prince  Maurice  of  Orange, 
13,  165 

Panniar,  British  India:  battle  of 
(1843),  5,  219 

Panncnia,  in  ancient  geography,  a 
Roman  province:  under  Roman  rule, 
17,  12;  insurrection  of,  4,  44;  in- 
vaded by  the  barbarians,  17,  14;  rav- 
aged by  barbarians,  15^  occupied 
by  the  Ostrogoths,  16;  settled  by 
Lombards,  17;  peopled  by  Slav 
colonists,  19 

Pansa,  Caius  Vibius  (d.  43  B.  C.)»  Ro- 
man consul,  43  B.  C:  consul-elect, 
4,   12;   death,   13 

Pan-Scandinavianism,  a  movement  to- 
ward the  closer  union  of  the  Scan- 
dinavian countries:  sentiment  of,  16, 
264,  282 

Panshen  Lama,  The,  a  Tibetan  Bud- 
dhist priest:  his  pilgrimage  to  Pe- 
king, 6,  100 

Panslavism,  a  tendency  towards  union 
among  the  Slavic  races  in  Austro- 
Hungary:  rise  of,  17,  353;  reawak- 
ening of  movement,  448 


Pao  Ting  Fu,  China:  outrages  of  the 
Boxers  at,  300 

Papal  Schism,  The,  name  given  to  the 
struggle  for  the  papacy  between  the 
popes  at  Rome  and  at  Geneva  (1378- 
1417) :  mentioned,  14,  33 

Paper  King,  The:  see  Law,  John 

Paper  Money:  see  Coins  and  Coinage 

Paphlagonia,  ancient  kingdom  of  Asia 
Minor:  assigned  to  Eumenes  after 
death  of  Alexander,  2,  512 

Paphos,  Cyprus:  Greek  colony  of,  2, 
57 

Papinian  (Papinianus)  iEmilius  (d.  212 
A.  D.),  rules  Rome,  4,  101;  death, 
102 

Papirius,  Lucius,  Roman  soldier  and 
statesman,  consul,  272  B.  C:  re- 
ceives the  surrender  of  Tarentum, 
3,  81 

Pappenheim,  Gottfried  Heinrich, 
Count  of  (1594-1632),  German  sol- 
dier, called  Jack  o'  Scars:  campaigns 
of,  16,  182,  18,  271,  280,  284 

Pappua,  northern  Africa:  siege  of 
(534  A.  D.),  18,  49 

Papremis,  Egypt:  battle  of,  1,  32 

Papus,  Lucius  Aemilius,  Roman  con- 
sul 225  B.  C:  at  battle  of  Telamon, 
3,  109 

Papyrus  Prisse,  ancient  Egyptian 
manuscript:  description  of,  1,  16 

Para,  South  America:  resists  the  cre- 
ation of  the  empire  of  Brazil,  21,  167 

Paracelsus  (of  Einsiedeln),  Philippus 
Aureolus,  originally  Theophrastus 
Bombastus  von  Hohenheim  (1493- 
1541),  German-Swiss  physician  and 
alchemist:  researches  of,  13,  455 

Paradise  of  the  Indies,  The:  see  Cey- 
lon 

Paraguay,  South  America:  founded, 
21,  48;  supremacy  of  the  Jesuits  in, 
20,  95;  suppression  of  the  Jesuits  in, 
98;  revolts  from  Spain  (1811),  21, 
69;  account  of,  from  181 1  to  1876, 
147;  desired  by  Brazilians,  174;  ac- 
count of,  from   1876  to  1906,  259 

Paraguay  River,  South  America:  ex- 
plored, 21,  35 

Parahyba,  South  America:  resists  the 
creation  of  the  empire  of  Brazil,  21, 
167 


GENERAL    INDEX 


529 


Paralada,  Spain:  siege  of  (1471),  8, 
267 

"  Paralus,"  Athenian  galley,  in  the 
Peloponnesian  War,  2,  357,  359; 
captured  by  the  Macedonians,  467 

Parana,  Brazil:  foreign  element  in, 
21,  251 

Parana  River,  South  America:  ex- 
plored, 21,  25;  navigation  of,  118 

Pardo,  Jose  (early  20th  century), 
South  American  statesman:  presi- 
dent of  Peru,  21,  242 

Pardo,  Manuel  (1834-1878),  president 
of  Peru,  1872-1876:  proclaimed  pres- 
ident, 21,  210;  administration  of, 
211 

Paredes  y  Arrillaga,  Mariano  (1790- 
1849),  Mexican  general:  leads  re- 
volt, 22,  278;  becomes  president 
(1845),  284;  returns  to  power,  356; 
leads   rebellion,   380 

Paredo  (19th  century),  South  Ameri- 
can politician:  president  of  Bolivia, 
21,  243 

Pareja  y  Septien,  Jose  Manuel  (1812- 
1865),  Spanish  naval  officer:  his  ul- 
timatum to  Chili,  21,  220;  death  of, 
207,  221 

Parini,  Giuseppe  (1729-1799),  Italian 
.poet:  sketch  of,  4,  339 

Paris,  France:  made  capital  of  Frank- 
ish  kingdom,  9/20,  18,  46;  sieges  of 
(885-886  A.  D.),  16,  23,  18,  97; 
(978  A.  D.),  116;  (1358),  9,  101; 
(1436),  9,  no;  (1589-1590),  13,  156; 
capture  of  by  the  allies,  9,  348,  15, 
262,  17,  308,  311,  18,  387;  Universal 
Exhibition  of  Industry  at  (1855),  9, 
448;  siege  and  capture  of  (1870- 
1871),  9,  468,  18,  425;  battle  of 
(1871),  9,  472;  arbitrators  of  seal 
fisheries  meet  at,  24,  980;  interna- 
tional congress  held  at,  24,  1056 

Paris  (Alexander),  Trojan  prince:  in 
Homer's  "  Iliad,"  2,  29 

Paris,  Council  of,  a  church  council 
(614  A.  D.),  9,  32 

Paris,  Little:  see  Brussels 

Paris,  Treaties  of: 

1229.     A  peace  between  France  and 

the  Albigensian  rebels,  9,  79 
1763.     A    truce    between     England, 


France,    Spain,    and    Portugal,    5, 
181,  9,  247,  11,  505,  20,  76,  23,  197 
1783.     A  peace  between  Great  Brit- 
ain  on   one   side   and   the   United 
States,  France,  and  Spain  on  the 
other,    11,    523,    20,    107,    128,   288 
J795-     A  truce  between  Holland  and 
France,   10,  347,   13,  266,   17,  281 
1801.     A  peace  between  Russia  and 

France,  10,  444,  15,  213 
1814.     A  treaty  confiding  Napoleon 
as  a  prisoner  of  war  to  England 
and  signed  by  Great  Britain,  Aus- 
tria, Russia,  and  Prussia,  8,  532,  9, 
356,  11,  568,  13,  280,  15,  263,  17, 
314,  20,  221 
1856.     A  peace  between  Russia,  Tur- 
key,   England,    France,    and    Sar- 
dinia,   14,   460,   470,   473,    15,   322, 
17,  384 
1858.     A    peace    between    England 

and  Persia,  5,  364 
1898.     A  peace  between  the  United 
States  and  Spain,  8,  520,  22,  468, 
24,  1032 
Paris,     University     of:     origin     and 

growth  of,  11,   116 
Parishes,    a    Vienna    banking    house: 

rise  of,  17,  328 
Park,  Mungo   (1771-1805),  Scotch  ex- 
plorer: explorations  of,  19,  42 
Parker,  Captain  (18th  century),  Ameri- 
can patriot:  at  battle  of  Lexington, 
23,  226 

Parker,     Alton     Brooks     (1852 ), 

American  jurist  and  lawyer:  Demo- 
cratic nominee  for  president,  24, 
1065;  declares  for  gold  standard, 
1066;  compared  with  Roosevelt, 
1068;  sketch  of,  1069 
Parker,  Sir  Hyde  (1738-1807),  English 
naval  commander:  his  expedition 
against  the  Dutch,  13,  258;  given 
command  of  navy  against  the 
Northern  Confederacy,  11,  552;  at 
the  battle  of  Copenhagen,  16,  255 
Parker,  Matthew  (1504-1575),  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury:  made  arch- 
bishop, 11,  275 
Parker,  Sir  Peter  (1721-1811),  English 
admiral:  joins  General  Clinton,  23, 
236 


530 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Parker,  Richard  (d.  1797),  English 
sailor:  leader  of  navy  mutiny,  1 1, 
548 

Parker,  Samuel  (1640-1687),  English 
prelate:  appointed  to  the  Bishopric 
of  Oxford,  11,  424;  candidate  for 
presidency  of  Magdalen  College, 
426 

Parker,  Theodore  (1810-1860),  Ameri- 
can scholar:  member  of  American 
Anti-Slavery  Society,  24,  574;  quot- 
ed on  the  rescue  of  Shadrach,  615 

Parkes,  Sir  Harry  (19th  century), 
English  diplomat:  sent  on  embassy 
to  Nanking,  6,  145;  appointed  con- 
sul at  Canton,  158;  taken  prisoner, 
179 

Parkes,  Sir  Henry  (1815-1896),  Aus- 
tralian statesman:  suggests  the  Mel- 
bourne Conference,  20,  203 

Parliament,  Barebone's,  a  Parliament 
assembled  by  Cromwell  in  1653; 
description  of,  11,  366 

Parliament,  English:  first  use  of  the 
term,  11,  135;  separation  of  the  two 
houses,  162;  claims  control  of  ex- 
penditures of  crown,   173 

Parliament,  Grattan's,  an  Irish  Parlia- 
ment which  met  in  1783:  description 
of,  12,  190 

Parliament,  The  Addled,  a  Parliament 
dissolved  by  King  James  of  Eng- 
land in  1614,  before  it  had  passed 
any  acts:  description  of,  11,  311 

Parliament,  The  Cavalier,  a  Parlia- 
ment which  met  in  1661,  so-called 
because  of  the  large  number  of 
members  who  were  Cavaliers:  de- 
scription of,  11,  382 

Parliament,  The  Good,  an  English 
Parliament  which  met  in  1376:  de- 
scription of,   11,   172 

Parliament,  The  Long,  an  English 
Parliament  which  met  in  1640:  de- 
scription of,  11,  337;  dissolved,  374 

Parliament,  The  Mad,  an  English  Par- 
liament which  met  in  1258:  descrip- 
tion of,  11,  138 

Parliament,  The  Merciless  (The  Won- 
derful), an  English  Parliament 
which  met  in  1388:  description  of, 
11,  181 


Parliament,  The  Model,  an  English 
Parliament  which  met  in  1295:  de- 
scription of,  11,  148 

Parliament,  The  Short,  an  English 
Parliament  which  met  in  1640:  de- 
scription of,  11,  337 

Parliament,  The  Wonderful:  see  Par- 
liament, The  Merciless 

Parliament  of  Shrewsbury,  The,  an 
English  Parliament  which  met  in 
1398:  description  of,  11,   184 

Parma,  Italy:  battles  of  (1495),  18, 
227;  (1734),  9,  236;  revolt  of  (1831), 
I7>  327',  Austrians  driven  out  of 
(1848),  367 

Parma,  Alexander  Farnese,  Duke  of: 
see  Farnese,  Alessandro 

Parma,  Marguerite,  Duchess  of:  see 
Marguerite,  Duchess  of  Parma 

Parma,  Ottavio  Farnese,  Duke  of:  see 
Farnese,  Ottavio 

Parmenio  (Parmenion)  (d.  330  B.  C.)> 
Macedonian  general:  general  of 
Alexander,  2,  490;  at  Issus,  492;  at 
Arbela,  496;  murdered,  500 

Parmount,  Philemon  (17th  century), 
American  educator:  appointed 
teacher  of  Boston  school,  23,  140 

Parnell,  Charles  Stewart  (1846-1891), 
Irish  statesman:  sketch  of,  12,  237; 
leads  Home  Rule  party,  11,  633; 
arrested,  634;  death  of,  12,  240 

Parnell,  Sir  John  (18th  century),  Irish 
statesman:  opposes  Union,  12,  215 

Paros,  Aegean  Sea:  Island  of,  2,  18; 
attacked  by  Miltiades,  2,   171 

Parr,  Catherine  (ca.  1512-1548),  sixth 
wife  of  Henry  VIII  of  England: 
marriage  of,  11,  261 

Parra,  Aquilleo  (19th  century),  South 
American  statesman:  elected  presi- 
dent of  Colombia,  21,  92 

Parrot,  Johan  Jacob  Friedrich  Wil- 
helm:  (1792-1841),  German  travel- 
er: remonstrance  of,  15,  265 

Parrow,  Henrik  (14th  century),  Nor- 
wegian knight:  leads  the  Norwegian 
forces,  16,  121 

Parry,  Sir  William  Edward  (Sir  Ed- 
ward Parry)  (1790-1855),  English 
navigator:  explorations  of,  16,  306, 
307 


GENERAL    INDEX 


531 


Parsons  or  Persons,  Robert  (1546- 
1610),  English  Jesuit:  teachings  of, 
11,  292 

Parsons,  Sir  William  (17th  century), 
a  lord  justice  of  Ireland:  attempts 
to  crush  rebellion  of  1641,  12,  115 

Parson's  Cause,  an  American  law-suit 
tried  in  1763,  23,  207 

Parthalon,  legendary  Grecian  settler 
in  Ireland:  leads  colonists,  12,  23 

Parthamasiris  (d.  114  A.  D.),  Par- 
thian prince:  submits  to  Trajan,  4, 
89 

Parthenon,  Athenian  temple:  descrip- 
tion of,  2,  255;  becomes  a  mosque, 
536;  partial  destruction  of,  2,  539, 
14,  256  note 

Parthenopean  Republic,  name  of  the 
republic  which  succeeded  the  king- 
dom of  Naples:  proclaimed  at  Na- 
ples, 10,  402 

Parthia,  Kingdom  of,  Asia:  founded, 

3,  167 

Parties,  Political  (Factions,  Groups, 
Societies,  Associations) : 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  democrats 
17,  330,  aristocratic  federalists,  426; 
ultramontanes,  426;  constitutional- 
ists, 426;  moderate  federalists,  427; 
conservatives,  429;  German  Liberals, 
433;  Clericals,  436,  439;  Separatists 
or  party  of  Independence,  17,  439; 
Christian  Socialists,  457 
BOHEMIA:  democrats,  17,  134;  na- 
tional party,  403;  Old  Czechs,  17, 
428;  Young  Czechs,  428 
CANADA:  Liberal  or  Reforming 
Party,  20,  157;  Conservatives  or 
Tories,  157;  "  Rebels,"  158,  159; 
"  Loyalists,"  158,  159;  extreme 
Democrats  or  Clear-grits,  160 
ENGLAND:  Independents,  II,  349; 
Presbyterians,  349;  Levelers,  363; 
Royalists,  365;  Cavaliers,  380; 
Whigs,  409;  Tories,  410;  High  To- 
ries, 455;  Jacobites,  478;  the  Boys, 
482;  the  Opposition,  482,  522;  Con- 
servatives, 591,  635;  Liberals,  594, 
624,  633;  Protectionists,  606;  Peel- 
ites,  606;  Liberal  Unionists,  636 
FRANCE:  the  Frondeurs,  9,  201; 
the    Mazarins,    201;    Cordeliers,    9, 


272,  284,  10,  128,  247,  306;  Feuillants, 
9,  272,  274,  10,  154,  167,  175,  177; 
Jacobins,  9,  272,  311,  10,  118,  243, 
327;  Girondists,  9,  272,  10,  154;  the 
Mountaineers,  9,  278,  10,  82,  215, 
306,  339;  sansculottes,  9,  284;  Dan- 
tonists,  288;  Committees,  292;  emi- 
grant party,  295;  reactionists,  303; 
constitutionalists,  9,  358,  422,  10, 
139.   158,   160,   164,   175;  republicans, 

9,  358,  475,  10,  139,  239,  361;  royal- 
ists, 9,  366,  475,  10,  269,  355,  386, 
490;  liberals,  9,  366;  men  of  move- 
ment, 395;  men  of  resistance,  395, 
406;  legitimists,  9,  421,  474,  479;  red 
republicans,  436;  monarchists,  9,  474, 

10,  80;  Orleanists,  9,  474;  conserva- 
tives, 9,  481,  10,  82;  Opportunists,  9, 
483;  Radicals,  9,  483,  10,  82;  patri- 
ots, 9,  484;  Nationalists  or  Revision- 
ists, 485;  socialists,  486;  popular 
party,  10,  87;  democrats,  10,  155, 
297,  325,  375,  44i;  Decemvirs,  297; 
Thermidorians,  327,  349;  convention- 
alists, 355,  361,  385;  imperialists,  9, 
358;  ultra-royalists,  358,  366,  378; 
Third  Party,  406,  412,  415 
GERMANY:  liberals  or  nationals, 
18,  407,  413,  436,  441;  Progressives, 
434;  Conservatives,  434,  445;  Free 
Conservatives,  435;  irreconcilables, 
435;  National  Liberals,  435,  446;  So- 
cial  Democrats,  437,  445;   Clericals, 

439 

GREECE:  war  party,  2,  151;  peace 

party,  151;  extreme  democrats,  151; 

democrats,    220,    232,   251,    253,   417, 

439;    Conservative    and    philo-Laco- 

nian  party,  239,  251,  329;  oligarchic, 

357 

HUNGARY:     Liberals,      17,     389; 

democrats,    412;    liberal    ministerial 

party,  412,  429 

IRELAND:    Nationalists,    11,    642; 

Puritans,    12,    118;    Old    Irish,    118; 

Old      Anglo-Irish      Catholics,      118; 

Royalists,    118;    Confederates,    119; 

Parliamentarians,    122;    Patriotic    or 

Popular    Party,    12,    170;    Levelers, 

175;  Old  Ireland  Party,  227;  Young 

Irelanders,  227;   Fenians,  235;   Par- 

nellites,  237 


532 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


ISRAEL:  Pharisees,  I,  407;  Saddu- 
cees,  407 

ITALY:  Guelphs,  4,  199;  Ghibel- 
lines,  4,  199,  8,  244;  the  Albizi,  8, 
266;  the  Medici,  267;  Left  or  Pro- 
gressives, 397;  Right  or  Conserva- 
tives, 397;  Republicans,  398;  Radi- 
cals, 398;  Socialists,  398;  papal 
party,  399 

JAPAN:  the  Jiyu-to  (Liberals),  7, 
183;  Kaishim-to  (Progressives),  184; 
the  Genro  or  Elder  Statesmen,  212; 
Constitutional  Party,  219;  Constitu- 
tional Political  Association  (Rik- 
ken  Seiyu  Kwai),  227 
KOREA:  Conservatives,  7,  195;  pro- 
gressives, 256;  Tonghak  (or 
"  Learning  of  the  East ")  party,  257 
MEXICO:  federalists,  22,  267; 
Yorkinos,  268;  Escocesses,  268;  cen- 
tralists, 272;  Moderados,  356;  Mon- 
arquistas,  356;  Republicans,  391; 
Conservatives,  391,  401;  Juaristas, 
401;  Clericals,  401;  Lerdeitas,  401; 
Constitutionalists,  402;  Porfiristas, 
402 

NETHERLANDS:  Catholics,  13, 
320;  Conservative-Protestants,  320; 
Liberals,  320 

POLAND:  democrats,  17,  405;  fed- 
eralists, 405 

ROME:  patricians,  3,  35;  plebeians, 
35;  democrats,  51;  popular  party, 
118;  aristocratic,  122;  opposition, 
157;  optimates,  172,  281;  moderate, 
178;  Gracchan  party,  179,  185;  repub- 
licans, 320 

RUSSIA:  old  or  national  party,  15, 
109;  extreme  party,  326;  liberals, 
346;  social  democrats,  358 
SCOTLAND:  Whigs,  12,  351,  352; 
Jacobites,  352,  360,  364;  Non-instru- 
sion,  373 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  Argentine 
Republic,  21,  123,  133;  Brazil,  175, 
252;  Chili,  21,  216,  219,  238,  24,  978; 
Colombia,  21,  107;  Ecuador,  107, 
no,  112;  Uruguay,  141,  146;  Ven- 
ezuela,  101,   103 

SPAIN:  court  party,  8,  493;  reac- 
tionary party,  493;  moderates,  494; 
constitutional  party,  496;  Carlists, 
497,  502,  514;  Liberals,  499,  517,  522; 


royalists,  515;  Ultramontanes,  517; 
Unionist  Republicans,  517;  Con- 
servatives, 517,  520;  Democratic 
Liberal  party,  521;  Republicans,  521 
SWEDEN:  conservatives,  16,  277; 
ultra-conservatives,  277;  ultra-lib- 
erals, 277;  liberals,  277;  government 
party,  279;  agrarians,  279;  freetrad- 
ers, 280;  protectionists,  280 
SWITZERLAND:  democrats,  13, 
498,  565;  Patriots,  508;  Liberals,  13, 
543;  Radicals,  543,  583;  Conserva- 
tives, 544,  563;  Ultramontanists,  549, 
563;  Republicans,  558;  Royalists, 
558;  Centralists,  566;  Progressive, 
566;  Clericals,  5C9 

TURKEY:  Young  Turkey,  14,  478 
UNITED  STATES:  Anti-Federal- 
ists, 23,  335,  356;  Federalists,  335; 
Republicans,  357;  Democrats,  498; 
National  Republicans,  24,  519; 
Democratic-Republicans,  519,  524; 
Whigs,  519;  Free  Soil  party, 
558;  Liberty  or  Abolitionist,  559; 
Mississippi,  "  resisters,"  612;  Union 
party,  612;  Independent  Democrats, 
633;  Know-Nothings,  644;  Northern 
Democrats,  653;  Free  State  party, 
662;  Southern  Democrats,  678,  892; 
Constitutional  Union  party,  680; 
Liberal  Party,  683;  Liberal  Repub- 
licans, 890;  Greenback  party,  909, 
930;  Prohibitionists,  909,  948; 
Radical  Republicans,  742;  Inde- 
pendents or  "  Mugwumps,"  946,  948; 
Labor  party,  966;  Farmers'  Alliance 
party,  966;  People's  Party  or  "  Popu- 
lists," 975;  Socialist  Labor  Party, 
991;  Anti-Imperialist  League,  1038; 
Silver  Republicans,  1038 
Partition  Treaties: 
B.  C. 

187.     Settlement  of  Asia,  3,  145 
41.     Division  of  the  Roman  Empire, 

4,  20 
A.  D. 

1529.     Peace  of  Cambria,  4,  305 
1544.     Between    sons    of    Frederick 

I,  16,  267 
1581.     Partition    of    Flensburg,    16, 

267 
1660.     Division  of  West  Indies,  20, 

76 


GENERAL    INDEX 


533 


1660.  Peace  of  Copenhagen,  16,  210 

1661.  Peace  of  Kardis,  16,  211 
1735-     Treaty  of  Vienna,  17,  192 
1739.     Treaty   of   Belgrade,   17,    192 
1763.     Definitive   Treaty  or   Treaty 

of  Paris,  20,  120,  23,  198 
1772.     First  Partition  of  Poland,  14, 

338,  15,  173,  380,  17,  247,  18,  345 
1793.     Second    Partition   of   Poland, 

15,  189,  383,  17,  281,  18,  358 
1795.  Treaty  of  Paris,  17,  281 
1795.     Third    Partition    of    Poland, 

15,  191.  384,  17,  281,  18,  359 
1797.     Treaty  of  Campo  Formio,  18, 

361 
1805.     Peace   of   Presburg,   17,  294, 

18,  367 
1809.     Peace  of  Vienna,  18,  377 
1814.     Congress   of   Vienna,    9,   359, 

10,  499,  II,  567,  15,  262,  384,  17, 
313,  18,  388 

1814.     Treaty  of  Paris,  8,  532,  9,  356, 

11,  568,  13,  280,  15,  263,  17,  314, 
20,  221 

Partouneaux,  Count  Louis  (19th  cen- 
tury), French  military  officer:  at  the 
Beresina,  15,  253 

Parysatis,  queen  of  Darius  II,  423-404 
B.  C:  influence  of,  2,  388 

Pascal  (Paschal)  II,  Pope,  1099-1118: 
releases  Spain  from  crusade  obliga- 
tions, 8,  90;  grants  a  Scandinavian 
archbishopric,  16,  75;  his  quarrels 
with  Henry  V  of  Germany,  18, 
139,  140;  aids  Raymundo  III  of  Bar- 
celona against  Mohammedans,  8, 
228;  death  of,  18,  141 

Pascatacacy,  Emperor  of  (17th  cen- 
tury), Indian  chief:  visited  by  Gov- 
ernor Calvert,  23,  70;  hospitality  to- 
ward Maryland  settlers,  70 

Paschal  III,  anti-Pope,  1164-1168:  ap- 
pointed by  Frederick  Barbarossa, 
18,  151 

Pasco,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  concluded 
between    Peru    and    Bolivia    (1842), 

31,    188 

Paskievitch,  Ivan  Feodorovitch  (1782- 
1856),  Russian  general:  his  cam- 
paign against  Persia,  15,  283;  his 
campaign  against  Turkey,  II,  284, 
14,  426,  428,  453,  15,  278;  in  the 
Polish  insurrection,  15,  295;  in  the 


Hungarian  insurrection,  301;  invades 
Galicia,  17,  372 
Pasquier,    fitienne    Denis,    Duke    of: 

(1767-1862),  French  statesman:  be- 
comes minister  for  foreign  affairs, 
9,   372 

Passarowitz,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  con- 
cluded at  Passarowitz  in  1718,  be- 
tween Turkey  on  one  side  and  Aus- 
tria and  Venice  on  the  other:  ac- 
count of,  14,  6,  290,  374,  17,  235,  18, 
320 

Passau,  Convention  of,  a  treaty  con- 
cluded at  Passau  in  .1552,  between 
the  elector  Maurice  of  Saxony  and 
King  Ferdinand  in  behalf  of  the 
Emperor,  Charles  V,  9,  146,  18,  258 

Passy,  Frederick  (b.  1822),  French  po- 
litical economist:  made  minister  of 
commerce,  9,  409 

Pasvan  Oglu  (19th  century),  Pasha  of 
Widden:  rebellion  of  (1805),  14, 
386,  15,  218;  joined  by  Janissaries, 
I4»  387;  joins  Mohammedan  brigand 
league,  388 

Patagonia,  South  America:  discovered, 
21,  17;  dispute  over  possession  of, 
227 

Patagonian  Indians,  South  American 
tribe:  tallest  race  in  the  world,  23, 
9 

Patala:  see  Haidarabad 

Patay,  France:  battle  of  (1429),  9, 
116,  11,  204 

Patent  of  October  20,  i860,  The,  an 
attempt  at  Constitutional  govern- 
ment in  Austria:  account  of,  17,  386 

Paternal  Authority,  in  early  Rome: 
status  of,  3,  5,  11 

Paterson,  William  (1658-1698),  an 
English  banker  and  projector:  or- 
ganizes a  Scottish  East  India  Com- 
pany, 5,  171;  suggests  the  Bank  of 
England,  11,  442;  plans  settlement 
on  the  Isthmus  of  Darien,  12,  357 

Patinos  (early  19th  century),  South 
American  half-breed,  secretary  to 
the  dictator  of  Paraguay:  influence 
of,  21,  152;  death  of,  154 

Patkul,    John    Reinhold     (1660- 1707), 
Livonian    patriot:    mission    of,    15, 
38;  death  of,  15,  46,  16,  219 
Patna,  India:  massacre  of,  5,  187 


5S4t 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Patras,  Greece:  mentioned,  2,  548 
Patriarch  of  Ferney,  The:  see  Voltaire 
Patricians,    Roman   aristocrats:    strife 

with  plebeians,  3,  47 
Patrick,  Saint  (ca.  372-493  A.  D.),  the 
patron  saint  of  the  Irish,  called  the 
Apostle  of  the  Irish:  work  of,  12, 

27 

Patriotic  Democratic  Party,  an  asso- 
ciation formed  to  resist  any  diminu- 
tion of  Norwegian  liberties:  account 
of,  6,  282 

Patriotism:  lack  of,  among  early  Brit- 
ons, 11,  13 

Patrona  Khalil  (18th  century),  rebel 
janissary:  insolence  of,  14,  295 

Patrons  of  Husbandry:  see  Grangers 

Patroon  System,  an  arrangement  of 
tenants  and  landlords  in  colonial 
New  York:  account  of,  23,  132 

Patterson  (late  18th  century),  Eng- 
lish explorer:  his  work  in  Africa, 
20,  130 

Patterson,  Elizabeth  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), American  woman:  married  to 
Jerome  Bonaparte,  18,  374 

Patterson,  Robert  (1792-1881),  Ameri- 
can general  of  Irish  birth:  in  the 
Mexican  War,  22,  373;  at  battle  of 
Bull  Run,  24,  734;  relieved  from 
command,  735 

Patterson,  William  (1745-1806),  Ameri- 
can statesman:  submits  plan  of  gov- 
ernment to  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion, 23,  326 

Pattison,  Robert  Emory  (1850-1894), 
American  statesman,  governor  of 
Pennsylvania,  1883-1887  and  1891- 
1895:  candidate  for  presidential 
nomination,  24,  1014 

Patuas:  see  Juangs 

Paul,  Saint  (1st  century  A.  D.),  the 
apostle  of  the  Gentiles:  preaches  in 
Spain,  8,  31 

Paul  II  (Pietro  Barbo)  (1418-1471), 
Pope,  1464-1471:  his  relations  with 
Bohemia,  17,  146 

Paul  III  (Alessandro  Farnese)  (1466- 
1549),  Pope,  1534-1549:  accession  of, 
9,  142;  arranges  truce  between  the 
Emperor,  Charles  V,  and  Francis  I 
of  France,  9,  143;  calls  the  Council 


of  Trent,  18,  251;  favors  the  natives 
of  Peru,  21,  38 

Paul  IV  (Gian  Pietro  Caraffa),  (1476- 
1559),  Pope,  1555-1559:  opposes 
Spanish  rule  in  the  Two  Sicilies,  8, 
354;  urges  Henry  II  of  France  to 
make  war  against  the  empire,  9, 
147;  his  struggle  with  Philip  II  of 
Spain,  13,  69 

Paul  V  (Camillo  Borghese)  (1552- 
1621),  Pope,  1605-1621:  hostility  of, 
towards  Galileo,  4,  321 

Paul  (I)  Petrovitch  (1754-1801),  Em- 
peror of  Russia,  1796-1801:  birth  of, 
IS,  155;  Catherine's  treatment  of, 
164;  marries  Natalia  Alexievna, 
165;  marries  Maria  Feodorovna,  172; 
reign  of,  200;  in  the  Second  Coali- 
tion, 18,  362;  plans  invasion  of  In- 
dia, 5,  198;  death  of,  9,  318;  15, 
208,  16,  256 

Paul,  Duke  (7th  century  A.  D.),  a 
Greek  usurper  of  the  Gothic  throne: 
rebellion  of,  8,  45 

Paul,  The  German:  see  Luther,  Mar- 
tin 

Paul  the  Deacon  (Paulus  Diaconus) 
(ca.  720-800),  mediaeval  historian:  at 
the  court  of  Charlemagne,  18,  86 

Paul,  Rojas,  president  of  Venezuela, 
1887-1889:  driven  from  power,  21, 
246 

Paulding,  John  (d.  1818),  American 
soldier:  aids  in  capture  of  Andre, 
23,  277 

Paulinus  (d.  644  A.  D.),  Italian  mis- 
sionary, Bishop  of  York,  627-644 
A.  D.:  converts  Eadwine  of  Nor- 
thumbria,  12,  253;  becomes  Bishop 
of  York,  II,  34 

Paulinus,  Sustonius,  Roman  consul, 
66  A.  D.:  his  campaigns  in  Britain, 
4,  75 

Paulists,  Roman  Catholic  monks* 
sketch  of,  20,  94;  influence  of,  in 
Brazil,  21,  38 

Paulus,  Lucius  Aemilius,  Roman  con- 
sul, 50  B.  C:  sells  his  services  to 
Caesar,  3,  331 

Paulus,  Lucius  Aemilius,  Roman  con- 
sul, 219  B.  C:  election  of,  3,  120 

Paulus,   Lucius  Aemilius    (Macedoni- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


535 


cus),  Roman  consul,  168  B.  C:  in 
the  third  Macedonian  War,  3,  149; 
refuses  to  corrupt  the  soldiers  with 
the  spoils  of  war,  156. 

Paumota  Islands:  see  Tuamotu  Islands 

Pauncefote,     Sir    Julian     (1828 ), 

English  statesman:  at  the  Peace 
Conference,  15,  357;  in  Behring  Sea 
controversy,  24,  980 

Pausanius  (d.  466  B.  C),  King  of 
Sparta:  commands  at  Plataea,  2, 
207,  210;  at  Byzantium,  223;  de- 
posed, 224;  conspires  with  Helots, 
228;  dies  of  starvation,  229 

Pausanius  (d.  380  B.  C),  King  of 
Sparta,  444-380  B.  C:  pacifies 
Athens,  2,  387;  invades  Boeotia,  398 

Pausanius  (4th  century  B.  C),  Mace- 
donian noble:  slays  Philip,  2,  481 

Pausiris  (5th  century  B.  C.)»  Persian 
viceroy  of  Egypt:  administration  of, 

If  33 

Paux  (Pauw),  Adrian  (1 584-1 563), 
Dutch  statesman:  his  mission  to 
London,  13,  225,  229 

Pavia,  northern  Italy:  conquered  by 
the  Lombards  (568  A.  D.),  4,  163, 
18,  51;  sieges  of  (754  A.  D.),  18,  77; 
(774  A.  D.),  79;  (1006),  121;  battle 
of  (1525),  4,  302,  8,  350,  9,  139,  11, 
241,  13,  56,  439,  18,  245 

Pavy,  Octave  (late  19th  century), 
American  Arctic  explorer:  explora- 
tions of,   16,  319 

Pawnee  Indians,  tribe  of  American  In- 
dians: number  of,  23,  17 

Pax  Romana  (Roman  peace) :  account 
of,  4,  46 

Payer,  Julius  von  (1842 ),  Austrian 

explorer:  in  Arctic  regions,  16,  318 

Payne,  Henry  B.  (late  19th  century), 
American  politician:  member  of  the 
Electoral  Commission,  24,  913  note 

Payne,  Lewis  (19th  century),  Ameri- 
can political  fanatic:  stabs  Secre- 
tary Seward,  24,  826 

Paysandu,  Uruguay,  South  America: 
pillaged  by  the  insurgents  (1864), 
21,  143 

Payva,  Alfonso  de  (d.  ca.  i486),  Por- 
tuguese traveler:  explorations  of,  8, 
322 

Paz      (early      19th     century),      South 


American    commander:    directs    the 
defense   of   Montevideo    (1842),   21, 

139 

Pazmany,  Peter,  Cardinal  (1 570-1637), 
Hungarian  theologian:  leads  anti- 
Reformation  party  in  Transylvania, 
17,  225 

Peabody,  George  (1795-1869),  Ameri- 
can philanthropist:  aids  Arctic  ex- 
pedition, 16,  312 

Peace,  Justices  of  the:  see  Justices  of 
the  Peace 

Peace,  The  Badly  Established,  a  treaty 
signed  at  Longjumeau  by  the 
Protestant  and  Catholic  parties  of 
France  (1568),  9,  156 

Peace,  The  City  of:  see  Jerusalem 

Peace,  The  Napoleon  of:  see  Louis 
Philippe,  King  of  the  French 

Peace,  The  Prince  of:  see  Godoy, 
Manuel 

Peace,  The  Underhand,  a  treaty  be- 
tween the  Duke  of  Burgundy  and 
the  King  of  France  (1407),  9,  no 

Peace,  The  Unfortunate:  see  Cateau- 
Cambresis,  Treaty  of 

Peace  Conferences: 

1799.  Rastadt,  17,  284 

1800.  Luneville,  17,  285 
1807.     Tilsit,   10,  471 
1813.     Prague,  17,  307 
1813.     Frankfort,  9,  344 
1853.     Vienna,  14,  450 
1856.     Paris,   14,  460 
1878.     San  Stefano,  14,  486 
1878.     Berlin,  14,  487 

1898.  Paris,  24,  1031 

1899.  The  Hague,  13,  318 

1905.  Portsmouth,  7,  241,  318,  15, 
364,  24,  1079 

Peace  of  God:  see  Truce  of  God 

Peace  of  1648,  The:  see  Westphalia, 
Peace  of 

Peach  Tree  Creek,  Georgia:  battle  of 
(1864),  24,  797 

Pearse,  Colonel  (18th  century),  Eng- 
lish general:  his  campaign  against 
Haidar  AH,  5,  193 

Peary,  Robert  Edwin,  an  American 
Arctic  explorer  and  civil  engineer: 
born  at  Cresson,  Penna.,  May  6, 
1856;  graduated  from  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege,     1877;     entered     the     United 


536 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


States  Navy  as  a  civil  engineer,  Oc- 
tober 26,  1881;  was  assistant  engi- 
neer of  Nicaragua  Ship  Canal  under 
Government  orders,  1884-1885;  in 
charge  of  Nicaragua  Canal  surveys, 
1887-1888;  invented  rolling-lock 
gates  for  canal;  made  reconnois- 
sance  of  the  Greenland  inland  ice- 
cap, east  of  Disco  Bay,  1886;  chief 
of  Arctic  expedition  of  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia, 
June,  1891-September,  1892;  dis- 
covered and  named  Melville  Land 
and  Heilprin  Land;  determined  the 
insularity  of  Greenland  for  which  he 
received  the  Cullom  medal  of  Amer- 
ican Geographical  Society,  Patron's 
medal  of  Royal  Geographical  So- 
ciety, London,  and  medal  of  Royal 
Scottish  Geographical  Society;  made 
another  Arctic  voyage,  1893-1895; 
made  a  thorough  study  of  the  little 
tribe  of  Arctic  highlanders;  discov- 
ered Iron  Mountain,  1894;  made 
summer  voyages,  1896  and  1897; 
commander  of  Arctic  expedition  un- 
der the  Peary  Arctic  Club  of  New 
York,  1898-1902;  rounded  northern 
extremity  of  Greenland  Archipelago, 
naming  the  northern  cape,  Cape 
Morris  K.  Jessup;  attained  the  high- 
est north  up  to  that  time  in  the 
western  hemisphere  (840  17'  N. 
Lat.);  elected  president  of  the 
American  Geographical  Society, 
1903;  made  another  expedition,  1905- 
1906;  reached  a  point  nearer  the  pole 
than  had  ever  been  reached  before 
(87°  6') 

Discovers  Independence  Bay,  16, 
296;  explorations  of,  320 

Peasants'  Revolt,  The,  a  rebellion  in 
England  against  excessive  taxation 
(1381):  described,  II,  174 

Pechenegs,  a  horde  of  Asiatic  no- 
mads: invade  Europe,  14,  4 

Pechlin,  Count  (late  18th  century), 
Swedish  nobleman:  plots  to  assas- 
sinate Gustavus,  16,  249 

Pederson,  Kristen  (16th  century), 
Danish  author:  sketch  of,  16,  193 

Pedius,  Quintus,  Roman  soldier,  con- 


sul 43  B.  C:  made  consul,  4,  14; 
dies,  15 

Pedraza  (16th  century),  Spanish 
priest:  accompanies  Pizarro,  31,  78 

Pedraza,  Manuel  Gomez  (1788-1851), 
Mexican  soldier  and  politician,  pres- 
ident of  Mexico,  1 828-1832:  elec- 
tion, 22,  266;  returns  to  Mexico,  271 

Pedro  I,  King  of  Aragon  and  Na- 
varre, 1094-1105:  accession  to  throne 
of  Navarre,  8,  201;  accession  to 
throne  of  Aragon,  232 

Pedro  II,  King  of  Aragon,  1196-1213: 
reign  of,  8,  237;  death  of,  9,  78 

Pedro  III,  King  of  Aragon,  1276- 
1285:  marries  Constance,  4,  215, 
8,  243;  reign  of,  8,  243;  at  war  with 
Charles  of  Anjou,  9,  85 

Pedro  IV,  King  of  Aragon,  1336-1387: 
reign  of,  8,  250 

Pedro  I  (1798-1834),  Emperor  of 
Brazil,  1822-1831:  advises  his  father 
to  make  concessions  to  the  people, 
31,  165;  accession  of,  166;  abdicates 
crown  of  Portugal,  8,  535,  31,  167; 
marries  Maria  Amalia  of  Leuchten- 
berg,  31,  168;  abdication  of,  8,  535, 
31,  169;  death  of,  8,  536 

Pedro  II  (1825-1891),  Emperor  of 
Brazil,  1831-1888:  accession  of,  31, 
169;  crowned,  170;  summary  of  his 
reign,  170;  rule  of,  251;  abdication 
of,  253 

Pedro  (I)  the  Cruel  (1334-1369),  King 
of  Leon  and  Castile,  1350-1369: 
reign  of,  8,  160;  his  relations  with 
Charles  II  of  Navarre,  210;  at  war 
with  Pedro  IV  of  Aragon,  253;  strife 
with  Henry  of  Trastamara,  II,  167; 
at  war  with  Charles  V  of  France,  9, 
103 

Pedro  (I)  the  Severe  (1320-1367), 
King  of  Portugal,  1357-1367:  con- 
cludes a  treaty  with  Pedro  the  Cruel 
of  Castile,  8,  164;  his  relations  with 
Ihes  de  Castro,  286;  rebellion  of, 
288;  reign  of,  289 

Pedro  II  (1648-1706),  King  of  Portu- 
gal, 1683-1706:  joins  allies  against 
France  and  Spain,  8,  392;  plots  to 
obtain  throne,  467;  made  regent, 
468;  reign  of,  469 


GENERAL    INDEX 


537 


Pedro  III,  King  of  Portugal,  1777- 
1786:  marries  Maria  I  of  Portugal, 

8,  474 

Pedro  IV,  King  of  Portugal:  see 
Pedro  I,  Emperor  of  Brazil 

Pedro  V  (1837-1861),  King  of  Portu- 
gal, 1853-1861:  reign  of,  8,  538 

Pedro  (d.  1446),  son  of  Joam  I  of 
Portugal:  travels  of,  8,  304;  made 
regent   of   Portugal,   311;   death  of, 

Pedro  (d.  1466),  infante  of  Portugal: 
at  war  with  Juan  II  of  Aragon,  8, 
266 

Pedro  (d.  1319),  infante  of  Spain: 
claims  regency,  8,  158;  death  of,  in 

Pedro  de  Menezes  (early  15th  cen- 
tury), Governor  of  Ceuta:  heroism 
of,  8  301 

Pedro:  see  also  Peter 

Pedum,  Italy:  loses  its  independence, 

3,  67 

Peel,  Sir  Robert  (1788-1850),  English 
statesman:  recommends  resumption 
of  cash  payments  by  the  Bank  of 
England,  11,  571;  Home  Secretary, 
574,  582;  police  reforms  of,  586; 
favors  Catholic  emancipation,  12, 
222;  made  Prime  Minister,  11,  594; 
asked  to  form  a  ministry,  597;  sec- 
ond ministry  of,  601;  death  of,  609 

Peep  o'  Day  Boys,  name  of  a  Presby- 
terian faction  in  the  north  of  Ire- 
land about  1785-1790:  mentioned, 
12,  196 

Peiraeus,  harbor  of  Athens:  founded 
by  Themistocles,  2,  161;  its  walls 
destroyed  by  Lysander,  378;  rebuilt 
by  Conon,  402;  restored  to  Athens, 
512;  in  modern  Greece,  548 

Peisander,  Athenian  demagogue:  at 
Samos,  2,  35s;  organizes  conspiracy 
at  Athens,  358;  flies  to  the  Spar- 
tans, 362 

Peisistratidae,  Athenian  dynasty:  rul- 
ers at  Athens,  2,  94 

Peixoto,  Floriano  (1842-1895),  Brazil- 
ian statesman:  made  president  of 
Brazil,  21,  254 

Pekah  ben  Ramaliah,  King  of  Israel, 
758-738  B.  C. :  usurps  throne  of 
Israel,  1,  393 


Pekahiah,  King  of  Israel,  ca.  760  B. 
C. :  murdered,  1,  393 

Peking,  China:  made  capital  by  Yun- 
glo,  6,  30;  taken  by  Manchus,  51; 
made  capital  by  Dorgun,  54;  treaty 
signed  at,  6,  185,  9,  451;  foreign 
legations  besieged  in  (1900),  6,  282, 
300,  7,  280,  11,  639,  24,  1047;  court 
returns  to,  6,  307 

Pelasgi,  early  inhabitants  of  Greece: 
in  Hellenic  tradition,  2,  23;  religion 
of,  38;  meaning  of  name,  24;  dis- 
placed in  Lesbos  by  Aeolians,  53; 
amalgamate  with  Greeks  in  Chalci- 
dice,  2,  79;  in  Italy,  83 

Pelayo  (d.  737),  King  of  Asturias  and 
Leon:  leads  Christian  forces,  8,  129; 
character  of,   130 

Pelesheth:  see  Philistines 

Pelet  of  La  Lozere,  Jean,  Count 
(I7S9-i842),  French  legislator: 
made  minister  of  public  instruction, 
9,  409 

Pelew  Islands,  North  Pacific  Ocean: 
purchased  by  Germany,  20,  302 

Pelham  (ca.  16th  century),  English 
officer:  his  campaign  against  the 
Geraldines,  12,  90 

Pelham,  Sir  Henry  (1696-1754),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  becomes  First  Lord 
of  the  Treasury,  11,  487;  unpopu- 
larity of  his  ministry,  23,  187;  death 
of,  490 

Pelham-Clinton,  Henry  Pelham,  Duke 
of  Newcastle:  see  Newcastle    . 

"Pelican,"  British  frigate:  captures 
"  Argus,"  23,  424 

Pelion,  Mount,  Greece:  mentioned,  2, 
75 

Pelissier,  Aimable  Jean  Jacques,  Due 
de  Malakov  (1794-1864),  French 
marshal:  in  the  Crimean  War,  9, 
447,  11,  617 

Pella,  Macedonia:  founded,  2,  456; 
Athenians  treat  with  Philip  at,  467 

Pellegrini,  Carlos,  Argentine  politi- 
cian, president  of  Argentina,  1890- 
1892:  administration  of,  21,  256 

Pelletan,  Pierre  Clement  Eugene 
(1813-1884),  French  journalist, 
politician  and  miscellaneous  author: 
in  the  elections  of  1869,  9,  458 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Pellico,  Silvio  (1788-1854),  an  Italian 
poet  and  prose-writer:  work  of,  4, 
409;  imprisoned,  17,  323 

Pelligan  (16th  century),  Swiss 
scholar:  becomes  a  teacher  in  Zur- 
ich, 13,  436 

Pelopidas  (d.  364  B.  C.)>  Theban  gen- 
eral: slays  polemarchs,  2,  423; 
character  of,  426;  at  Leuctra,  435; 
in  Peloponnesus,  441;  imprisoned, 
444;  conquers  Thessaly,  444;  slain, 
448 

Peloponnesian  War,  a  war  between 
Athens  and  its  allies,  on  one  side, 
and  the  Peloponnesian  Confederacy 
on  the  other  (431-404  B.  C.) : 
causes,  2,  262;  invasion  of  Attica, 
278;  plague  at  Athens,  281;  revolt 
of  Mitylene,  291;  siege  and  capture 
of  Sphacterea  (425  B.  C),  302;  bat- 
tles of  Delium  (424  B.  C.)>  3HJ 
Amphipolis  (422  B.  C.),  316;  Peace 
of  Niceas  (421-416  B.  C),  3^7',  bat- 
tle of  Mantinea  (418  B.  C),  323; 
Sicilian  expedition  (415-413  B.  C), 
328;  revolution  in  Athens  (411  B. 
C),  357;  revolt  of  Euboea  (411  B. 
C),  361;  fall  of  the  Four  Hundred 
(411  B.  C),  361;  battles  of  Abydos 
(411  B.  C.)>  363;  Cyzicus  (410  B. 
C.)i  365;  Notium  (407  B.  C),  369; 
Arginusae  (406  B.  C),  371;  Aegos- 
potami  (405  B.  C),  375;  surrender 
of  Athens  (404  B.  C),  376;  results 
of  the  war,  277 

Peloponnesus,  the  ancient  name  of 
the  peninsula  forming  the  southern 
portion  of  Greece,  the  modern 
Morea:  geography  of,  2,  14;  Spar- 
tan supremacy  in,  10;  conquest  of, 
31;  see  also  Sparta,  Achaia,  Elis, 
Arcadia,  Argos  and  (post  Hellenic) 
The  Morea 

Peltry  Trade:  in  New  York  and  Penn- 
sylvania, 23,  136 

Pelusium  (Furmah),  Egypt:  capture 
of  (343  B.  C.)i  1,  33;  capture  of 
(639  A.  D.),  35,  291 

Pemaquid,  New  England:  attack  on, 
23,  158 

Pemberton,  John  Clifford  (1818- 
1881),    American    Confederate    gen- 


eral: commands  at  Vicksburg,  24, 
776;  surrenders  Vicksburg,  778 

Pembroke,  Richard  the  Marshal,  Earl 
of:  see  Richard  the  Marshal,  Earl 
of  Pembroke 

Pembroke,  William  the  Marshal,  Earl 
of:  see  William  the  Marshal,  Earl 
of  Pembroke 

Pefia,  Luis  Saenz,  South  American 
jurist,  president  of  Argentina,  1892- 
1895:  administration  of,  21,  257 

Penal  Code,  a  system  of  criminal  law 
in  India  (i860),  5,  244 

Penal  Laws,  The,  a  system  of  laws 
planned  to  destroy  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic religion  in  Ireland  (1697):  ac- 
count of,  12,   157 

Penalties:  see  Punishments 

Pena-y-Pefia,  Manuel  de  la,  Mexican 
jurist,  President  of  Mexico,  1847- 
1848:  accession  to  the  presidency, 
22,  371;  government  of,  373;  second 
administration  of,  375 

Penda  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Saxon 
King  of  Mercia:  reign  of,  11,  34; 
defeats  Oswald  at  Maserfield,  35; 
death  of,  35 

Pendleton,  Edmund  (1721-1803), 
American  statesman  and  jurist: 
delegate  to  first  Continental  Con- 
gress, 23,  223 

Pendleton,  George  Hunt  (1825-1889), 
American  politician:  nominated  for 
Vice-President,  24,  800;  candidate 
for  Presidency  (1868),  858;  intro- 
duces Civil  Service  Reform  Bill, 
938 

Pendleton  Act,  a  bill  for  the  regula- 
tion of  the  American  Civil  Service 
(1883):  passed,  24,  938;  enforced  by 
Cleveland,  951 

Peninsula,  The  Hero  of  the:  see  Wel- 
lington, Arthur  Wellesley,  Duke  of 

Peninsular  and  Oriental  Steam  Navi- 
gation Company:  incorporated,  5r 
224 

Peninsular  Campaign,  General  Mc- 
Clellan's  operations  in  the  penin- 
sula of  Virginia  (1862):  account  of, 
24>  757;  General  Hooker  distin- 
guished in,  770;  General  Hancock 
distinguished  in,  930 


GENERAL    INDEX 


539 


Peninsular  State,  The:  see   Florida 

Penitential  System  of  Roman  Cath- 
olic Church:  introduced  by  Theo- 
dore of  Tarsus,  n,  38 

Penn,  Sir  William  (1621-1670),  an 
English  Admiral:  commands  in  the 
West  Indies,  II,  370,  20,  71;  in  the 
war  with  the  Dutch,  13,  230 

Penn,  William,  founder  and  first  leg- 
islator of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania 
and  one  of  the  most  illustrious  of 
Christian  philanthropists;  was  born 
in  London,  October  14,  1644;  son  of 
Admiral  Sir  William  Penn;  at  an 
early  age  he  was  sent  to  Chigwell 
School,  in  Essex;  while  there,  be- 
fore he  was  eleven  years  old,  his 
mind  was  deeply  impressed  with 
the  importance  of  religion;  when 
about  fifteen  he  was  sent  to  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  where  he  met 
Thomas  Loe  and  he  was  converted 
to  Quakerism  and  shortly  after  ex- 
pelled from  the  university;  his 
father  sent  him  on  travels  in  Hol- 
land and  France  and  on  his  return 
in  1666  he  was  ordered  to  manage 
the  estates  of  the  family  in  the 
county  of  Cork,  Ireland;  while  in 
Cork  he  again  met  Loe,  was  im- 
prisoned for  attending  a  Quaker 
meeting  and  although  soon  liber- 
ated he  had  to  leave  Ireland;  on  his 
return  to  London  he  began  to 
preach  and  to  work  in  different  ways 
for  the  society  to  which  he  be- 
longed and  in  1668  was  thrown  into 
the  Tower,  but  by  the  interference 
of  the  Duke  of  York  he  obtained 
his  freedom;  Penn's  father  died  in 
1670  leaving  his  estates  and  prop- 
erty to  his  son;  in  1671  he  was 
again  imprisoned  for  preaching; 
having  been  liberated  he  made  a 
tour  to  Holland  and  Germany  and 
on  his  return  in  1672  he  married 
Gulielma  Marie  Springett;  Penn  in- 
herited from  his  father  a  claim 
against  the  government  for  i6,oool. 
and  in  1680  he  obtained  from  the 
king,  in  payment  of  that  claim, 
an  extensive  tract  of  land  west  of 
the    Delaware    River    and    north    of 


Maryland  and  called  Pennsylvania; 
in  1682  Penn  sailed  for  America;  in 
1684  he  returned  to  England  intent 
on  bettering  the  social  position  of 
the  Quakers,  in  which  plan  he 
partly  succeeded;  during  the  reign 
of  James  II  he  was  suspected  of 
being  implicated  in  certain  dis- 
graceful measures  of  the  king; 
after  the  overthrow  of  James  he 
was  twice  accused  of  entertaining 
treasonable  communication  with  the 
exiled  king  and  he  was  deprived  of 
his  title  to  the  Pennsylvania  gov- 
ernment; was  acquitted  in  1693,  and 
the  title  restored  in  1694;  after  the 
death  of  his  first  wife  in  1693,  he 
married  (1695)  Hannah  Callowhill 
and  went  for  second 'time  (1699)  to 
Pennsylvania  where  he  stayed  till 
1701;  the  mismanagement  and  vil- 
lainy of  his  agent  had  brought  him 
to  the  verge  of  bankruptcy,  and  he 
was  thrown  into  the  Fleet  for  some 
time  in  1708;  died  at  Ruscombe,  in 
Berkshire,  July  30,  1718 

Visits  Peter  the  Great,  15,  34;  his 
treatment  of  the  Indians,  20,  19; 
disputes  boundary  lines  with  Lord 
Baltimore,  23,  72;  proprietor  of 
Delaware,  108;  joins  Delaware  with 
Pennsylvania,  108;  purchases  New 
Jersey,  109;  sketch  of,  no;  secures 
grant  from  king,  no;  plans  Phila- 
delphia, in;  treaty  with  Indians, 
ill;  deprived  of  colony  by  English 
Revolution,  112;  returns  to  Amer- 
ica, 112;  death,  112 

Penna,  Affonso  de,  South  American 
statesman,  president  of  Brazil, 
1906 :  election,  21,  255 

Pennington,  William  (1797-1862), 
American  statesman:  elected 
Speaker  of  the  House,  24,  6jJ 

Pennsylvania,  colony  and  state  of 
North  America,  means  "  Penn's 
Woods,"  called  the  Keystone  State: 
founded,  23,  no;  named,  no;  char- 
ter, in;  organization  of,  20,  19; 
Franklin  acts  as  agent  to  England 
for,  23,  122;  growth  of,  as  a  colony, 
20,  85;  growth  of  its  commerce, 
108;   growth  of  its  population,   109; 


540 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


condition  of  the  Jews,  i,  426;  sta- 
tistics at  outbreak  of  Revolution, 
23,  126;  agitation  among  Quakers 
against  slavery,  130;  status  of  in- 
dented servants,  131;  Quakers 
emancipate  their  slaves,  20,  130; 
races  and  religions  at  outbreak  of 
the  Revolution,  23, 133;  peltry  trade, 
136;  beginning  of  iron  industry, 
136;  public  school  system  as  a  col- 
ony, 141;  colonial  newspapers,  144; 
religious  tolerance  of,  149;  first 
Continental  Congress  meets  at 
Philadelphia,  223;  battle  of  German- 
town,  260;  meeting  of  second  Con- 
tiental  Congress  at  Philadelphia, 
229;  Cornwallis  captures  Philadel- 
phia, 259;  British  evacuate  Phila- 
delphia, 262;  mutiny  of  soldiers 
(1781),  306;  levies  tax  on  produce 
from  Delaware,  311;  quarrels  with 
Connecticut  over  Wyoming  Valley, 
312;  chooses  delegates  for  Consti- 
tutional Convention,  322;  Constitu- 
tional Convention  meets  at  Phila- 
delphia, 323;  ratification  of  the  Na- 
tional Constitution,  335;  experi- 
ments with  a  single  legislative 
house,  10,  88  note;  whiskey  tax  op- 
posed, 23,  348;  United  States  Bank 
established  in  Philadelphia,  352; 
United  States'  mint  established  at 
Philadelphia,  354;  Jackson  eulo- 
gized by  legislature  of,  462;  protec- 
tionist tendencies,  476;  rank  as  to 
population,  479;  opposition  to 
Tariff  Act  of  1846,  24,  554;  partial 
abolition  of  slavery,  563;  abolition 
societies  formed,  571;  abolitionists 
send  petition  to  Congress,  572; 
abolition  riot  in  Philadelphia 
(1838),  575;  abolition  pamphlets  de- 
stroyed at  Philadelphia,  576;  Presi- 
dent Taylor  visits,  594;  negro  res- 
cues, 616;  election  of  1854,  645; 
Presidential  campaign  of  1856,  655; 
condemns  Buchanan's  Kansas  pol- 
icy, 670;  Davis's  prophecy  concern- 
ing. 778;  Lee's  invasion  of,  778; 
alarm  over  Lee's  invasion,  779; 
Early's  invasion  of,  792;  Sheridan 
saves    from    invasion,   792;    Centen- 


nial Exposition  at  Philadelphia,  903; 
railroad  strikes  (1877),  917;  the 
"  Mollie  Maguires,"  918;  strike  of 
employees  of  Carnegie  Steel  Com- 
pany, 992 

Pennsylvania,  University  of:  founded, 
23,  141 

Pennsylvania  of  the  West,  The:  see 
Missouri 

Pennus,  Marcus,  Roman  statesman, 
tribune  26  B.  C:  carries  his  pro- 
posal that  non-burgesses  should 
leave  the  city,  3,  179 

Pennyless,  The:  see  Maximilian  I, 
Holy  Roman  Emperor 

Penry,  John,  English  dissenting 
martyr:  hanged,  II,  301 

Pensacola,    Florida:    foundations   laid, 

22,  182;  captured  by  the  French 
(1719),    188;    British   expelled   from, 

23,  428;  Spanish  settlers  aid  Semi- 
noles,  444;  Confederates  seize  navy 
yard,  24,  692 

Pensaqui,  Treaty  of,  a  peace  between 
the  United  States  of  Colombia  and 
Ecuador   (1863):  mentioned,  21,113 

Pensions,  in  the  United  States:  de- 
pendent   bill    vetoed    by    Cleveland, 

24,  952;  dependent  bill  passed,  971; 
American  and  European  systems 
compared,  971 

Pentelicus  Mountains,  Greece:  men- 
tioned, 2,  14 

Penuelos,  Chili:  battle  of  (i860),  21, 
219 

People,  League  of  the,  a  union  of  the 
peasantry  of  several  of  the  Swiss 
cantons  to  defend  their  rights 
(1653);  account  of,  13,  472 

People,  The  Father  and  Friend  of 
the:  see  Henry  IV,  King  of  France 

People,  The  Father  of  his:  see  Louis 
XII,  King  of  France 

People,  The  Father  of  the:  see  Chris- 
tian  III,   King   of  Denmark 

People,  The  Man  of  the:  see  Fox, 
Charles  James 

Peoples,  Battle  of  the:  see  Leipsig: 
battle  of  (1813) 

People's  Charter,  The,  a  bill  to  im- 
prove the  condition  of  the  English 
workingman  (1839),  n,  599 


GENERAL    INDEX 


541 


Peoples'  Friend,  The:  see  Marat,  Jean 
Paul 

Peoples'  Party,  political  party  of  the 
United  States:  convention  at 
Omaha,  24,  991;  see  also  Populist 
Party 

People's  William,  The:  see  Gladstone, 
William  Ewart 

Peoria,  Illinois:  branch  of  the 
Whiskey  Ring,  24,  894 

Pepe,  General  (early  19th  century), 
Italian  insurgent:  head  of  Italian 
revolution   (1820),  4,   352 

Pepin:  see  Pipin  or  Pippin 

Pepperell,  Sir  William  (1696-1759), 
American  colonial  soldier:  com- 
mands Louisburg  expedition,  23, 
164 

Pequigny,  John  de  (14th  century), 
French  soldier:  rescues  Charles  of 
Navarre,  9,   101 

Pequot  Indians,  North  American 
tribe:  belong  to  Algonquian  stock, 
23,  8;  war  in   Connecticut,  93 

Peralta,  Don  Pedro  de  (15th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  partisan:  assassi- 
nates the  bishop  of  Pamplona,  8, 
214 

Peralta,  Gaston  de,  Marquis  de  Fakes 
(16th  century),  Spanish  statesman, 
viceroy  of  Mexico  1566-1568:  ad- 
ministration of,  22,  124 

Perambakam,  India:  battle  of,  5,   193 

Perceval,  Spencer  (1762-1812),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  made  Prime  Minis- 
ter,  II,   564 

Percy,  Lord  (18th  century),  English 
soldier:  at  battle  of  Lexington,  23, 
227 

Percy,  Sir  Henry,  1st  Earl  of  Nor- 
thumberland (d.  1408),  English  sol- 
dier: aids  in  the  dethronement  of 
Richard  II,  n,  185;  defeats  Scots 
at  Homildon  Hill,  193;  revolts 
against  Henry  IV,  193;  death  of,  194 

Percy,  Sir  Henry  (Harry  Hotspur) 
(1364-1403),  son  of  the  first  Earl 
of  Northumberland,  English  sol- 
dier: taken  prisoner  by  the  Scots, 
12,  287;  at  battle  of  Homildon  Hill, 
**>  193;  revolts  against  Henry  IV, 
193 

Percy,    Thomas,    Earl    of    Worcester 


(d.  1403),  English  soldier:  aids  in 
dethronement  of  Richard  II,  11, 
185;  defeats  Scots  at  Homildon 
Hill  (1402),  193;  revolts  against 
Henry  IV,  193 

Perczel  (19th  century),  Austrian  offi- 
cer: his  campaign  in  Servia,  17,  371 

Perdiccas  (d.  ca.  413  B.  C),  King  of 
Macedon:  mentioned,  2,  269 

Perdido  River,  North  America:  as 
French  boundary,  23,  400 

Pereira  (19th  century),  South  Amer- 
ican statesman,  President  of  Uru- 
guay, 1856-1860:  administration  of, 
21,  141 

Pereira,  Pere  (17th  century),  Jesuit 
missionary  in  China:  signs  treaty 
with   Russia,  6,  67,  77 

Perekop,  southern  Russia:  taken  by 
Russia  (1736),  14,  304,  15,  122; 
siege  of   (1770),   14,  33Q 

Pereny,  Peter,  Bishop  of  Great  Vara- 
din,  Hungarian  ecclesiastic:  at  the 
battle  of  Mohacs,  17,  169 

Perevolochna,  Russia:  surrender  at 
(1709),  is,  54 

Perez,  General  (19th  century),  Boliv- 
ian soldier,  president  of  Bolivia, 
1861:   rebellion  of,  21,   189 

Perez,  General  (19th  century),  Mexi- 
can officer:  made  second  in  com- 
mand of  army,  22,  369 

Perez,  Antonio  (1539-1611),  Spanish 
statesman:  persecution  of,  8,  373 

Perez,  Jose  Joaquin  (1800-1889), 
Chilian  statesman,  President  of 
Chili,  1861-1871:  administration  of, 
21,  219 

Perez,  Juan  de  Marchena  (15th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  monk:  aids  Colum- 
bus, 21,  4,  23,  29 

Perez,  Luis  (ca.  1900),  Cuban  states- 
man: chosen  governor  of  Pinar  del 
Rio,  22,   468 

Perez,  Santiago  (1830 ),  Colom- 
bian statesman,  president  of  Colom- 
bia, 1874-1876;  his  administration, 
21,  91 

Perez  de  Castro,  Fernando  (14th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  nobleman:  leader  in 
rebellion  against  Pedro  the  Cruel, 
8,   163 

Pergamus,    Asia    Minor:    captured   by 


542 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Mithradates,  3,  216;  see  also  Berg- 
hama 

Periander  (d.  585  B.  C),  Tyrant  of 
Corinth,  625-585  B.  C.:  conquers 
Corcyra,  2,  86;  Tyrant  of  Corinth, 
93;  ally  of  King  of  Lydia,  95 

Perichole:   see   Gallegas,   Mariquita 

Pericles,  an  Athenian  statesman  and 
orator:  born  at  Athens  about  495 
B.  C.J  studied  various  arts  and 
sciences;  about  470  B.  C,  began  his 
public  career  as  leader  of  the  demo- 
cratic party,  gained  popularity  by  a 
law  that  the  people  should  enjoy 
theatrical  amusements  at  the  public 
expense;  in  461  B.  C.  he  used  his 
influence  to  procure  the  ostracism 
of  Cimon,  the  leader  of  the  aristo- 
cratic party;  displayed  courage  at 
battle  of  Tanagra  in  457  and  pro- 
posed the  decree  that  Cimon  should 
be  recalled  from  exile;  in  444  B.  C. 
directed  the  government  with  un- 
disputed supremacy;  commanded  in 
the  Samain  war;  expended  tae  pub- 
lic money  in  the  erection  of  tem- 
ples and  monuments;  under  his  ad- 
ministration Athens  became  an  im- 
perial state,  the  Peloponnesian 
war  took  place  and  during  the  sec- 
ond year  of  the  war  a  great  plague 
raged  at  Athens;  the  people  became 
so  demoralized  that  they  deprived 
Pericles  of  command  and  punished 
him  with  a  fine;  he  had  recovered 
his  influence  a  short  time  when  he 
died  in  the  autumn  of  429  B.  C. 

Sketch  of,  2,  238;  conquers  Eu- 
boea,  249;  bribes  the  Spartans,  249; 
reforms  of,  251;  power  of,  251;  his 
buildings,  254  his  system  of  cleru- 
chies,  258;  conquers  Samos,  260; 
advocates  alliance  with  Corcyra, 
267;  unpopularity  of  (432  B.  C), 
272;  his  policy  in  Peloponnesian 
War,  279;  ravages  Megaris,  280; 
prosecuted  by  Cleon,  283;  death  of, 
285 

Pericles  the  Younger  (d.  406  B.  C.)» 
Athenian  commander:  enfranchised, 
2,  285;  made  strategus,  370;  ex- 
ecuted, 374 


Perier,  Casimir  (1 777-1 832),  French 
statesman:  his  relation  to  the  revo- 
lution of  1830,  9,  391;  ministry  of, 
398;  death  of,  401 

Perinthus,  northern  Europe:  cap- 
tured by  the  Athenians,  2,  367;  be- 
sieged by  Philip,  473 

Perioeci,  communities  of  the  non- 
Spartan  dwellers  in  the  Peloponne- 
sus: account  of  origin,  2,  70 

Permanent  Settlement,  The,  a  system 
of  farming  the  land  revenue  of  Ben- 
gal (1789):  account  of,  5,  195 

Pernambuco,  a  state  of  Brazil,  South 
America:  taken  by  the  Dutch 
(1630),  21,  33;  revolution  of  (1817), 
164;  resists  the  creation  of  the  em- 
pire of  Brazil,  167;  rebellion  of 
(1848),  170;  Jesuits  expelled  from, 
178 

Peronne,  Treaty  of,  a  peace  signed 
by  Louis  XI,  limiting  the  sover- 
eignty of  France  in  the  states  of 
Burgundy  (1468),  9,   123 

Perote,  Mexico:  taken  by  the  Amer- 
icans  (1847),  22,  327 

Perovskaya,  Sophia  (d.  1881),  Russian 
female  conspirator:  execution  of, 
J  5,  339 

Perpenna,  Marcus  Vento  (1st  cen- 
tury B.  C.)>  Roman  commander: 
joins  Sertorius  in  Spain,  8,  21;  con- 
spires against  Sertorius,  21 

Perpetual  Company  of  the  Indies, 
The,  an  association  formed  to  pro- 
mote trade  between  France  and  the 
East  Indies  (1719),  5,  170 

Perpetual  Edict,  The,  a  treaty  be- 
tween Spain  and  the  Netherlands 
(1577).    13,   126 

Perpetual  League,  an  alliance  of 
Swiss  towns  (1291),  13,  362 

Perpetual  ^eace,  The,  a  truce  between 
Austria  and  the  Confederates  of 
Switzerland  (1474),  13,  406 

Perpignan,  southern  France:  sieges 
of  (1473).  8,  267;  (1642),  194 

Perrers,  Alice  (14th  century),  Eng- 
lish courtesan:  mistress  of  Edward 
III,  11,  171;  driven  from  court,  172; 
returns  to  court,  172;  robs  Edward 
III  of  his  rings,  172 


GENERAL    INDEX 


543 


Perrier  (19th  century),  Swiss  ultra- 
montane leader:  leads  riot,  13,  563 

Perrott,  John,  English  soldier,  lord 
deputy  of  Ireland,  1584-1588:  men- 
tioned, 12,  94 

Perry,  John  (ca.  1670-1733),  an  Eng- 
lish engineer:  quoted  on  Peter  the 
Great,   15,  26,  33 

Perry,  Matthew  Calbraith,  an  Amer- 
ican naval  officer,  called  Japanese 
Perry:  born  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  April 
10,  1794;  was  a  brother  of  Commo- 
dore Perry;  served  in  the  Mexican 
war  of  1847,  and  in  1852  com- 
manded the  expedition  to  Japan, 
which  opened  the  way  to  inter- 
course between  the  United  States 
and  Japan;  died  in  New  York, 
March  4,  1858 

In  the  Mexican  War,  22,  309; 
visits  Japan,  7,  155;  concludes 
treaty  with  Japan,   157 

Perry,  Oliver  Hazard,  an  American 
naval  officer:  born  at  Newport, 
Rhode  Island,  August  23,  1785;  en- 
tered the  navy  as  midshipman  April 
7>  l799\  cruised  with  his  father  in 
the  West  Indies,  1799-1800;  in  war 
against  Tripoli,  1804-1805;  became 
lieutenant,  January  15,  1807;  on 
September  13,  1813,  as  commander 
of  a  squadron  on  Lake  Erie  he  de- 
feated the  British  under  Commo- 
dore Barclay;  for  this  victory  was 
made  captain  and  received  from 
Congress  a  gold  medal;  cooperated 
with  General  Harrison  at  Detroit 
and  at  the  battle  of  the  Thames, 
October  5,  1813;  having  been  ap- 
pointed commander  of  a  squadron 
bound  for  the  coast  of  Colombia  he 
died  of  yellow  fever  at  Port  Spain, 
on  the  island  of  Trinidad,  August 
23,  1819;  his  remains  were  removed 
to  Newport  in  a  ship  of  war  by 
order  of  Congress,  and  buried  in 
that  city  on   December  4,   1826 

Victory  on  Lake  Erie,  23,  423; 
among  naval  heroes  of  War  of  1812, 
433 

Perryville,  Kentucky:  battle  of  (1862), 
24-  773 


Persecutions,   Political: 
B.  C. 

ca.  500.     Of    the    Pythagoreans    in 

Italy,  2,  216 
487.     Massacre     of     Athenians     by 

Aeginetans,  2,  173 
404.     Thirty  Tyrants  at  Athens,   2, 

384 
121.     Of     the     Gracchan     party     at 

Rome,  3,   184 
88.     Massacre  of  Italians  by  Mith- 

radates,    3,   216 
87.     Of  the  opponents  of  Marius,  3, 

223 
80.     Of  the   opponents  of  Sulla,  3, 

231 
43.     Under    the    second    triumvirate 

at  Rome,  4,   15 
A.  D. 
65.     Of  the   philosophers   by   Nero, 

4,  66 
70.     By  Vespasian,  82 
750.     Factions    of    the     Mohamme- 
dans, 1,  341 
1 195.     By    Henry   VI    in    Italy,    18, 

!S7. 
1560.     Of  the  Amboise  adherents  in 

France,  9,  151 
1576.     The  Spanish  Fury,  13,   122 
1632.     In  Turkey,   14,  218 
1682.     By  the   Russian   strelitz,   15, 

27 
1792-1793.     Reign      of     Terror      in 

France,  9,  276,  287,  10,  265 
1827.     In      Portugal      under      Dom 

Miguel,  8,  535 
1880.     Socialists    in     Germany,     18, 

446 
Persecutions,  Religious: 
A.  D. 
64.     Of  the   Christians  by  Nero,  4, 

65 
95.     Of   Christians  by  Domitian,   4, 

84 
114.     Of  Christians  under  Trajan,  4, 

9i 
165.     Of  Christians  by  Marcus  Au- 

relius,  2,  525,  4,  97 
168.     Of  the  Jews,  I,  405 
200.     Of  Christians  in  Gaul,  9,  12 
295.     Of    Christians    by    Diocletian, 

2,  527,  4,  116,  8,  31 


544 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Persecutions,  Religious,  cont. 
385.     Of  Priscillianists,  8,  31 
408.     Of  Jews  and  heretics,  4,  141 
531.     Of  the  Christians  by  the  Per- 
sians, 5,  318 
590.     Of     the     Catholics     by     the 

Arians,  4,   168 
620.     Of  the  Jews,  1,  416 
630.     By  the  Mohammedans,  1,  231 
ca.  900  A.   D.     Of  Zoroastrians  by 

Arabs,   5,  3^5 
1096.     Jews  in  France,  1,  419 
1 189.     Jews  in  England,  1,  419 
1208.     Crusade  against  the  Albigen- 

ses,  9,  78 
1213.     Of  Albigensian  heresy,  9,  78 
1230.     Against  heresy   in    Germany, 

18,    162 
1244.     Jews  in  France,  1,  419 
1264.     Jews  in  England,  1,  420 
1282.     Christians    in    Persia,    5,    335 
1290.     Jews   in   England,   1,  420 
1306.     Jews  in  France,  1,  419 
1312.     The  Templars  in  France  and 

England,  9,  88 
1320-1321.     Jews      and      lepers      in 

France,  1,  419,  9,  90 
1360.     Heretics  in  Germany,  18,  202 
1391.     Of  the  Jews,  1,  418 
1405.     Christians  by  the  Turks,  14, 

51 

1419.  Of  the  heterodox  by  the  Cath- 
olics, 17,  129 

1420.  Of  Catholics  and  Adamites, 
18,  208 

1480.  Jews  under  the  Inquisition, 
1,  418 

ca.  1500.  Jews  and  Mohammed- 
ans in  Spain,  8,  185,  350,  426 

1513.  Shiites  by  the  Sunnites,  14, 
122 

1521.     Jews  in  Spain,  8,  336 

1532.     Followers  of  Zwingli,  11,  251 

!53S-  Friars  and  Carthusians  by 
Henry  VIII,  11,  255 

1535-  Protestants  by  Francis  I,  9, 
142 

1540.  Protestants  by  Charles  V,  8, 
356 

1540.     Inquisition    in     Portugal,    8, 

439 
1546.     Protestants  in  France,  9,  144 
1550.     Jews  in  Italy,  1,  419 


1555-  Protestants  in  the  Nether- 
lands, 13,  59 

1556.  Protestants  by  Mary  of  Eng- 
land, 11,  271 

1556.  Protestants  by  Philip  II  of 
Spain,   8,   357 

1560.     Protestants  in   France,  9, 150 

1566.  Protestants  in  the  Nether- 
lands, 13,  77,  83 

1567.  Netherlands  under  Alva,  13, 
10S 

1568.  Christians  by  the  Moors,  8, 
367 

1572.     Massacre   of  the   Protestants 

in  Paris,  9,  158 
1577.     Dutch   Protestants,  8,  359 
1590.     Protestants    in    Switzerland, 

13,  458 
1602.     Of   the    Bohemian    Brothers, 

17,  198 
1614.     Jews  in  Germany,  1,  423 
1637.     Christians  in  Japan,  7,   137 
1641.     Protestants    in     Ireland,     13, 

ii5 
1650.     Jews  in  Poland,  1,  421 
1655.     The  Vaudois  by  the  Duke  of 

Savoy,  II,  370 
1660.     Quakers   and  witches,  23,  90 

1665.  Protestants  in  Hungary,  17, 
229 

1666.  The  Scotch  Presbyterians,  12, 

347 
1675.     Hindus  in  northern  India,  5, 

124 
1680.     Protestants    in    Austria,    18, 

303 
1700.     Catholics  in  America,  23,  148 
1700.     Disqualifications  of  Catholics 

under  the  Penal  Code,  12,  160 
1757.     Hindus  by  the  Turks,  5,  127 
l772>-     Suppression    of    the    Jesuits, 

13,  495 
1790.     Catholics  in  Scotland,  12,370 
1819.     Jews  in  Germany,  1,  423 
1821.     Christians  in  Constantinople, 

2,  543 
1840.     Christians  in  China,  6,  247 
1852.     Babis  by  the  Mohammedans, 

5,  363 
i860.     Christians  by  Mohammedans 

in  Asiatic  Turkey,  14,  465 
1870.     Christians  in  China,  5,  221,  6, 

224 


GENERAL    INDEX 


545 


1876.     Christians    by    the    Moham- 
medan Turks  in  Bulgaria,  14,  476, 

15,  335 

1891.     Christians  in  China,  6,  261 
1895.     Christians   by   Turks   in   Ar- 
menia, 14,  500 
1895.     Christians  in  China,  6,  263 
1897.     Christians  in  Candia,  14,  503 
1900.     Boxer   outrages   in   China,  6, 
282,  299,  304 

Persephone,  a  Greek  goddess:  in 
Greek  mythology,  2,  39 

Persepolis,  an  ancient  capital  of  Per- 
sia: burned  by  Alexander  the  Great, 
1,  169,  2,  498 

Perseus  (2nd  century  B.  C),  King  of 
Macedonia:  succeeds  Philip  V,  2, 
519;  war  with  Rome,  3,  148;  forms 
alliance  with  the  Illyrians,  17,  11; 
death,  3,    150 

Persia,  a  country  of  western  Asia: 
empire  founded,  2,  120;  ethnology 
and  history,  1,  157;  religion  and  cul- 
ture, 170;  Shiite  tenets  in,  14,  122; 
rise  under  Cyrus  and  Darius,  2, 
122;  organized  by  Darius,  129;  con- 
quered by  Alexander,  498;  the  Sas- 
sanian  dynasty,  5,  313;  wars  of 
Justinian  with,  2,  532;  foreign  rule, 
5.  325;  conquered  by  Saracens,  2, 
533;  the  new  Persian  Empire,  5, 
340;  hostility  to  Turkey,  14,  211; 
Turkish  wars  with,  2,  537,  14,  4, 
123,  164,  204,  209,  221,  316;  peace 
with  Turkey,  14,  212,  223;  modern 
Persia,  5,  351;  the  government  of 
to-day,  371 

Persigny,  Jean  Gilbert  Victor  Fialin, 
Duke  of  (1808-1872),  a  French  poli- 
tician: assists  schemes  of  Napoleon 
III,  9,  442;  attempts  to  carry  the 
elections    (1863),  453 

Persil,  Jean  Charles  (1785-1870),  a 
French  politician  and  advocate:  be- 
comes minister  of  justice,  9,  405 

Personal  Liberty  Laws,  a  name  given 
to  legislation  in  the  northern  Uni- 
ted States  directed  against  the  Fugi- 
tive Slave  Law  (i860):  passed,  24, 
602;  repeal  agitated,  700 

Persson,  Goran  (d.  1561),  adviser  of 
Erik  XIV  of  Sweden:  death  of,  16, 
163 


Perth,  western  Australia:  founded,  20, 
187 

Pertinax,  Publius  Helvius  (126-193  A. 
D.),  Emperor  of  Rome,  192-193: 
reign  of,  4,  99 

Peru,  a  republic  of  South  America: 
discovered,  20,  44;  early  inhabit- 
ants of,  21,  17;  conquered  by  Pizar- 
ro,  20;  work  of  the  Jesuits  in,  20, 
97;  Drake  lays  waste  the  coast  of, 
21,  30;  revolt  of  (1780),  20,  133; 
used  as  a  base  of  resistance  by  the 
Spanish,  21,  57;  wins  her  independ- 
ence from  Spain,  8,  519;  overthrows 
Bolivar's  government,  21,  82;  in- 
vaded by  Santa  Cruz,  186;  from 
1825  to  1876,  192;  financial  condi- 
tion of  (1878),  234;  at  war  with 
Chili,  234;  from  1876  to  1906,  242 

Peru-Colombia  Boundary  Dispute: 
settled  (1895),  21,  265 

Peruvian  Route  to  the  Plain  of  the 
Amazon,  a  New:  description  of,  21, 
305 

Pescaire  (Pescara),  Ferdinand  Fran- 
cesco d'  Avalos,  Marquis  of  (1490- 
1S2S)>  an  Italian  general  in  the 
service  of  the  Emperor,  Charles  V: 
his  campaign  in  Provence,  9,   139 

Peschiera,  Italy:  siege  of,  4,  358 

Peshawar  (Peshawur),  British  India: 
battle  of,  5,  92 

Pestal,  Hayti,  West  Indies:  battle  of 
(1843),  22,  498 

Pestalozzi,  Johann  Heinrich,  Swiss 
teacher  and  educational  reformer: 
born  at  Zurich,  Switzerland,  Janu- 
ary 12,  1746;  received  a  liberal  edu- 
cation and  became  a  cultivator  of 
the  soil,  but  in  this  occupation  was 
not  successful;  in  1798  he  opened  a 
school  for  orphans  at  Stanz;  driven 
from  Stanz  by  the  Austrians  in 
1799,  he  removed  to  Burgdorf, 
where  his  school  prospered;  in  1804 
he  removed  to  Yoerdun;  he  was 
distinguished  for  energy,  philan- 
thropy, and  originality,  but  was  de- 
ficient in  practical  ability  to  man- 
age a  large  institution;  died  at 
Brugg,  February  17,  1827 

Sketch   of,   13,   496,   522;    success 
of,  515 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Pestel,  Paul  (1794-1826),  a  Russian 
revolutionist:  in  the  plot  of  the 
Dekabrists,  15,  273 

Pesth,  Hungary:  taken  by  the  Mon- 
gols, 17,  58;  popular  uprising  in 
(1848),  368;  internal  improvements 
in,  414;  see  also  Buda 

Pet,  Arthur  (late  16th  century),  Eng- 
lish explorer:  explorations  of,  16, 
301 

Petcheneks  (Petcheneguens  or  Pet- 
chenegs),  The,  a  nomadic  Turkish 
people:  border  warfare  of,  15,  6; 
invade  Hungary,  17,  51 

Peter  the  German,  King  of  Hungary, 
1038-1041:  reign  of,  17,  50 

Peter  (I)  Alexeievitch,  surnamed  The 
Great,  Emperor  of  Russia,  1682- 
1725:  born  at  Moscow,  June  9, 
1672;  reigned  conjointly  with  his 
brother  Ivan,  1682-1696;  was  under 
the  regency  of  his  sister  Sophia, 
1682-1689;  captured  Azoff  from  the 
Turks,  1696;  traveled  in  Germany, 
the  Netherlands,  England,  and  Aus- 
tria, 1696-1697;  suppressed  a  rebel- 
lion of  the  strelitz,  1698;  took  part 
with  Poland  and  Denmark  in  a  war 
against  Sweden,  1700-1721;  con- 
cluded the  Treaty  of  Pruth  with  the 
Turks,  171 1 ;  by  the  Peace  of  My- 
stadt,  concluded  with  Sweden,  1721, 
obtained  Livonia,  Esthonia,  Inger- 
manland,  and  part  of  Karelia; 
founded  St.  Petersburg,  1703; 
waged  a  successful  war  agaznst 
Persia,  1722-1723;  died  at  St. 
Petersburg,   February  8,   1725 

Account  of,  14,  265;  Sophia  guard- 
ian for,  15,  24;  made  tsar  under 
Sophia's  regency,  27;  marriage  of, 
29;  plot  against,  30;  his  relations 
with  Turkey,  14,  273;  on  his  first 
journey,  15,  33;  subdues  the  strel- 
itz, 37;  in  the  Great  Northern  War, 
15,  38,  16,  214,  219,  18,  317;  his  re- 
lations with  Augustus  III  of  Po- 
land, 307;  receives  the  title  of  great 
emperor,  15,  68;  on  his  second  jour- 
ney, 68;  forms  alliance  with  Philip 
II  of  Spain,  8,  406;  sends  a  fleet  and 
army  against  Persia,  5,  349,  15,  77; 
sends  out  Bering,  16,  305;  reforms 


of,  15,  70,  82;  establishes  effit 
cient  standing  army,  14,  378; 
growth  of  Russia  under,  10,  133; 
death  of,  15,  82 

Peter  (II)  Alexeievitch  (1715-1730), 
Emperor  of  Russia,  1727-1730:  reign 
of,  15,  95 

Peter  (III)  Feodorovitch  (1728-1762), 
Emperor  of  Russia,  1762:  sketch  of, 
I5»  139;  accession  of,  9,  247;  reign 
of,  15,  152;  withdraws  from  the 
Austrian  alliance,  17,  244;  his  rela- 
tions with  Frederick  the  Great,  18, 
334.  343J  his  relations  with  Den- 
mark, 16,  240;  abdication  of,  15, 
157;  assassination  of,  158;  reinter- 
ment of,  201 

Peter  I  (nth  century),  Count  of 
Savoy:  reign  of,  4,  272 

Peter  II  (d.  1268),  Count  of  Savoy, 
1263-1268:  reign  of,  4,  274;  defends 
Switzerland,  13,  360 

Peter  (early  14th  century),  Arch- 
bishop of  Mayence:  intrigue  of,  18, 
185 

Peter,  Long  (early  16th  century),  a 
Dutch  pirate:  sketch  of,  13,  52 

Peter  de  Vinea  (13th  century),  an 
Austrian  chancellor:  writes  a  pam- 
phlet against  Frederick  the  Fighter, 

17,  94 

Peter  des  Roches:  see  Roches,  Peter 
des 

Peter  I  Island,  a  small  island  in  the 
Antarctic  regions:  discovered,  16, 
333 

Peter  of  Amiens:  see  Peter  the  Her- 
mit 

Peter  of  Mladenovic  (15th  century), 
a  follower  of  John  Huss:  tells  of 
John    Huss's   death,    17,    125 

Peter  the  Hermit  (ca.  1050-1115),  one 
of  the  leading  preachers  of  the  first 
Crusade:  leads  the  Crusaders,  9,70, 
11,  87,  18,  138 

Peter:  see  also  Pedro 

Peterborough,  Earl  of:  see  Mordaunt, 
Charles 

Peters,  Hugh  (1598-1660),  an  Anglo- 
American  Puritan  clergyman:  early 
American  writer,  23,  142 

Peters,    Karl    (1856 ),   an    African 

explorer    and    administrator:    leader 


GENERAL    INDEX 


547 


in  the  Society  for  German  Coloni- 
zation, 19,  129;  sketch  of,  129;  his 
expedition  to  Africa,  130;  his  expe- 
dition for  the  relief  of  Emir  Pasha, 
186 

Petersburg,  Virginia:  siege  of  (1864- 
1865),  24,  791 

Peterwardein  (Peterwaradin),  Hun- 
gary: taken  by  the  Turks  (1526), 
17,  169;  taken  from  the  Turks 
(1688),  14,  255;  threatened  by  the 
Turks,  263,  287;  battle  of  (1716), 
17,  235,  18,  319 

Petion,  Alexander  Sabes  (1770-1818), 
a  Haytian  general  and  politician: 
aids  South  American  revolutionists, 
21,  65;  becomes  ruler  of  Hayti,  22, 

495 

Petion  de  Villeneuve,  Jerome  (1753- 
1794),  a  French  revolutionist: 
elected  member  of  the  States-Gen- 
eral, 10,  39;  denounces  the  ban- 
quets of  the  guards,  94;  escorts 
Louis  XVI  back  to  Paris,  138;  ad- 
dresses the  populace,  9,  274;  sus- 
pended, 10,  184;  attacked  by  Robes- 
pierre and  Marat,  9,  284,  10,  254; 
death  of,  9,  280 

Petition,  Right  of,  in  America:  dis- 
cussed in   Congress,  24,  571 

Petition  of  Right,  an  act  of  the  Eng- 
lish Parliament:  passed  (1628),  ix, 
324;  effect  on  New  World,  23,  88 

Petofi,  Sandor  (Alexander)  (1822- 
1849),  Hungarian  poet:  writes  on 
patriotism,  17,  353;  takes  part  in 
the  Hungarian  Revolution  of  1848, 
368;  death  of,  15,  301,  17,  371 

Petrarch,  Francesco,  an  Italian  poet: 
born  at  Arezzo,  in  Tuscany,  July  20, 
1304;  his  parents  were  in  exile  at 
time  of  his  birth,  but  removed  to 
Avignon  in  1313;  he  studied  law  at 
Montpelier,  1318-1322,  then  at  Bo- 
logna, 1323;  was  in  love  with 
Laura  de  Sade,  wife  of  Hugh  de 
Sade  and  his  love  for  her  deeply 
affected  his  whole  spiritual  life; 
about  1335  he  visited  Rome,  also 
traveled  in  France,  Germany,  and 
Spain;  founded  the  library  of  Saint 
Mark  at  Venice;  in  1336  he  retired 
to  Vaucluse   where  he   passed   sev- 


eral years  in  solitude;  in  1340  he 
accepted  an  invitation  from  the 
Roman  senate  to  come  to  Rome  and 
receive  the  laurel  crown  of  poetry; 
was  crowned  at  the  capitol  in  1341; 
exerted  his  eloquence  to  induce  suc- 
cessive Popes  to  transfer  the  papal 
court  from  Avignon  to  Rome;  he 
became  archdeacon  of  Parma  and 
canon  of  several  cathedrals;  be- 
tween 1350  and  1360  he  resided  at 
the  court  of  Visconti  retired  to 
Arqua.  for  the  restoration  of  his 
health,  1370;  was  found  dead  in  his 
library  at  Arqua,  July  19,  1374 

Sketch    of,    4,    281;    relations    of 
with    Charles    IV   of    Germany,    18, 

193 

Petreius,  Marcus  (d.  46  B.  C),  a 
Roman  general:  campaigns  of,  in 
Spain,  8,  22;  defeated  by  Caesar,  3, 
340 

Petri,  Laurentius  (Lars  Peterson) 
(1499-1573),  Swedish  religious  re- 
former: Gustavus  Vasa  supports, 
16,  155;  death  of,  165 

Petri,  Olaus  (1497-1552),  Swedish  re- 
former, brother  of  the  above:  Gus- 
tavus Vasa  supports,  16,  155 

Petronilla  (12th  century),  Queen  of 
Aragon:  marries  Raymundo  V  of 
Barcelona,  8,  228;  reign  of,  235 

Petronius  Maximus,  Emperor  of 
Rome,  455  A.  D. :  accession  of,  18, 
43;  reign   of,  4,   149 

Petropavlovski,  Kamchatka,  Asia:  at- 
tack on,  15,  310 

Pettigrew,  James  Johnston  (1828- 
1863),  American  soldier  in  Confed- 
erate service:  at  Gettysburg,  24, 
782 

Petty,  William,  Marquis  of  Lans- 
downe  (Earl  of  Shelburne)  (1737- 
1805),  English  statesman:  opens 
negotiations  for  peace  with  colo- 
nies, 23,  286;  becomes  premier  of 
England,  286 

Peymann,  General  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Danish  officer:  defends 
Copenhagen,  16,  256 

Peyronnet,  Charles  Ignace,  Count  of 
(1778-1854),  French  politician; 
made  keeper  of  the  seals,  9,  378 


548 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Pezet,  Juan  Antonio,  Peruvian 
statesman:  becomes  president  of 
Peru,  31,   201 

Pfaffikon,  Switzerland:  siege  of 
(1798),   13,   514 

Pfeil,  Count  Joachim  (late  19th  cen- 
tury), German  statesman:  desires 
increase  of  German  influence  in 
Africa,  19,  128;  leader  in  the  So- 
ciety for  German  colonization,  129; 
his  expedition  to  Africa,   130 

Pfenninger,  Matthias  (1739-1810),  a 
Swiss  designer  and  engraver:  ban- 
ished, 13,  505 

Pfiihl,  General  (early  19th  century), 
Prussian  military  officer:  his  cam- 
paign against  France,  15,  221 

Pfyffer,  General  (early  19th  century), 
Swiss  geographer:  makes  maps  of 
Switzerland,  13,  521 

Pfyffer,  Eduard  (early  19th  century), 
Swiss  revolutionist:  overthrows  the 
government  in  Lucerne,  13,  531; 
pleads  for  better  representation, 
539;  imprisoned,  550 

Pfyffer,  Kasimir  (early  19th  century), 
Swiss  revolutionist:  overthrows  the 
government  in   Lucerne,   13,   531 

Pfyffer,  Ludwig  (16th  century),  Swiss 
Catholic  leader:  introduces  the 
Jesuits  into  Switzerland,  13,  457; 
plans  the  Golden  (Borromean) 
League,  458;  aids  France  against 
the   Huguenots,   460 

Phalanx,  The  Macedonian,  a  military 
formation  invented  by  Philip  of 
Macedonia:  description  of,  3,  458 

Phalaris  (ca.  549  B.  C),  Tyrant  of 
Agrigentum:  oligarch,  2,  94 

Phalerum,  Athenian  harbor:  super- 
seded by  the  Peiraeus,  2,   161 

Pharisees,  The,  a  Jewish  religious 
sect:  rise  of,  1,  407 

Pharnabazus  (d.  ca.  370  B.  C),  Per- 
sian satrap  of  Bithynia:  asks  aid  at 
Sparta,  2,  351;  assists  Mindarus, 
363;  equips  the  fleet,  366;  defeated 
by  Dercyllidas,  391;  pursued  by 
Agesilaus,  394;  at  battle  of  Cnidus, 
401 

Pharnaces  II,  King  of  the  Bosporus, 
63-47    B.    C. :    takes    possession    of 


Phanagoris  and   Little   Armenia,  3, 
349;  war  with  the  Romans,  354 
Pharsalus,    Greece:   battle   of    (48   B. 

C),  3,  348 

Phayllus  (4th  century  B.  C),  Phocian 
general:  defeated  by  Philip,  2,  461; 
death  of,  463 

Phayre,  Sir  Arthur  Purves  (1812- 
1885),  English  soldier  and  states- 
man: installed  as  chief  commis- 
sioner of  British   Burma,   5,  243 

Pheidias  (500-432  B.  C.)»  Greek 
sculptor:  decorates  the  Parthenon, 
3,  255,  256;  accused  of  impiety,  272 

Pheidon  (8th  century  B.  C),  Greek 
ruler:  King  of  Argos,  2,  59,  74,  95 

Pheles,  King  of  Tyre,  9th  century  B. 
C. :  reign  of,  1,  123 

Phidias:    see    Pheidias 

Phidon:  see  Pheidon 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  called  the 
City  of  Brotherly  Love:  laid  out  by 
Penn,  23,  111;  second  legislature 
meets  at  (1683),  11 1;  population  at 
outbreak  of  the  Revolution,  127;  in- 
fluence of  the  bar,  138;  stage-line 
to  New  York  established,  151; 
mails  with  New  York  established, 
153;  tea  returned  to  England, 
219;  first  Continental  Congress 
meets  at  (1774),  20,  127,  33,  223; 
second  Continental  Congress  meets 
at  (1775),  23,  229;  occupied  by  the 
British  (i777),  ".  5*7,  23,  259; 
British  evacuate,  23,  262;  Washing- 
ton's march  through,  284;  Bank  of 
North  America  established,  293; 
mutinous  soldiers  annoy  Congress 
(!783),  307;  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion meets  at  (1787),  323;  Washing- 
ton's triumphal  entry,  341;  made  the 
national  capital,  350;  Bank  of  the 
United  States  established  at,  352, 
439;  national  mint  established  at, 
3545  population  in  the  time  of  Jack- 
son, 479;  condemns  Jackson's  veto 
of  the  bill  for  renewing  the  charter 
of  the  United  States  Bank,  502; 
Whig  convention  at  (1848),  24,  556; 
American  Anti-Slavery  Society  or- 
ganized, 574;  abolition  riot  (1838), 
575;    mails    searched    for    abolition 


GENERAL    INDEX 


549 


pamphlets,  576;  anti-slavery  mass 
meeting,  636;  Know-Nothing  con- 
vention (1856),  652;  Lincoln  makes 
speech  at,  706;  objective  point  in 
Lee's  plan,  764;  Lincoln's  body- 
taken  to  Independence  Hall,  827; 
Democratic  convention  (1866),  845; 
national  Republican  convention 
(1872),  892;  the  Centennial  Exposi- 
tion (1876),  903 

Philae,  Egypt:  location  of,  1,  8 

Philibert  II  (1480-1504),  Duke  of  Sa- 
voy, 1497-1504:  reign  of,  4,  305 

Philibert  Emmanuel:  see  Emmanuel 
Philibert 

Philip  I  (ca.  1053-1108),  King  of 
France,  1060-1108:  reign  of,  9,  68 

Philip  (II)  Augustus  (1 165-1223), 
King  of  France,  1 180-1223,  called 
The  Magnanimous:  crowned,  9,  74; 
reign  of,  75;  persecutes  the  Jews,  1, 
419;  in  the  Third  Crusade,  11,  no; 
18,  155;  his  dispute  with  Knud,  16, 
84;  defeats  John  of  England  and 
Otto  IV  of  Germany,  18,  160;  aids 
sons  of  Henry  II  of  England,  11, 
no;  supports  claims  of  Arthur  to 
English  throne,  121;  prepares  to  in- 
vade England,  124;  wins  battle  of 
Bouvines,  11,  126,  13,  29 

Philip  (III)  the  Bold  (1245-1285), 
King  of  France,  1270-1285,  called 
The  False  Coiner:  reign  of,  9,  84; 
at  war  with  Aragon,  4,  258;  de- 
clares war  on  Alfonso  X  of  Leon, 

8,  154;  grants  protection  to  Jeanne 
of  Navarre,  207 

Philip  (IV)  the  Fair  (1268-1314), 
King  of  France,  1285-1314:  reign  of, 

9,  86;  corresponds  with  Arghun,  5, 
335;  his  crusade  against  Pedro  III 
of  Aragon,  8,  246;  his  alliance  with 
Albert  I  of  Germany,  18,  183;  makes 
treaty  with  Scotland,  n,  148;  forms 
alliance  with  John  Balliol,  12,  273; 
concludes  a  truce  with  Eduard  I  of 
England,  xi,  150;  influences  Lewis 
of  Bavaria,  18,  190 

Philip  V  (ca.  1293-1322),  King  of 
France,  1316-1322:  reign  of,  9,  90; 
aspires  to    Spanish   throne,   23,    160 

Philip  VI  (1293-1350),  King  of 
France,   1328-1350:   reign  of,  9,  92; 


his  foreign  policy,  IX,  157;  opposes 
Lewis  of  Bavaria,  18,  189;  at  battle 
of  Creqy,  11,  161;  death  of,  164 
Philip  II,  King  of  Macedonia,  350-336 
B.  C:  born  at  Pella,  382  B.  C;  in 
his  youth  he  passed  several  years  at 
Thebes  as  a  hostage;  succeeded  his 
brother  Perdiccas  in  359  and  mar- 
ried Olympias,  a  daughter  of  the 
King  of  Epirus;  during  the  Social 
War,  which  began  358  B.  C,  extend- 
ed his  dominions  by  the  capture  of 
Amphipolis,  Potidea,  and  Pydna 
from  the  Athenians;  availed  himself 
of  another  civil  war,  called  the 
Sacred  war,  to  pursue  his  projects 
against  the  independence  of  the 
Grecian  states,  and  became  the  ally 
of  the  Thebans  against  the  Phocians 
and  Athenians;  in  349  B.  C,  be- 
sieged Olynthus  with  success  and 
made  a  treaty  of  peace  with  Ath- 
ens; the  continued  aggressions  of 
Philip  again  involved  him  in  a  war 
with  the  Athenians;  the  decisive  bat- 
tle of  Chaeroneia  when  Philip,  com- 
manding in  person,  defeated  the  al- 
lies, 338  B.  C,  rendered  him  master 
of  Greece;  called  a  congress  of 
deputies,  from  the  Greek  States, 
who  resolved  to  unite  in  an  aggres- 
sive war  against  Persia  and  ap- 
pointed Philip  commander-in-chief; 
he  was  assassinated  in  336  B.  C.  at 
the  celebration  of  a  marriage  be- 
tween his  daughter  Cleopatra  and 
the  King  of  Epirus  by  Pausanias,  a 
soldier  of  his  own  body  guard 

Taken  to  Thebes,  2,  444;  sketch 
of,  457;  becomes  king,  458;  founds 
Philippi,  459;  takes  Amphipolis  and 
Pydna,  459;  invades  Thessaly,  461; 
checked  at  Thermopylae,  462;  takes 
Olynthus,  466;  makes  peace  with 
Athens,  467;  subdues  Phocis,  468; 
subdues  Epirus,  470;  his  influence  in 
Peloponnesus,  470;  besieges  Perin- 
thus  and  Byzantium,  473;  retires  in- 
to Thrace,  474;  invades  central 
Greece,  476;  subdues  Thebes  and 
Athens,  478;  wins  battle  of  Chaero- 
neia, 478;  calls  congress  at  Corinth, 
479;  his  plans,  480;  assassinated,  481 


550 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Philip  V  (229-179  B.  C),  King  of 
Macedon,  220-179  B.  C. :  account  of, 

2,  517;  forms  alliance  with  Carthage, 

3,  122;  war  with  Rome,  125;  char- 
acter, 139;  campaign  against  Egypt, 
139;  at  battle  of  Cynoscephalae,  141; 
death,  147 

Philip  I,  II,  and  III,  Kings  of  Portu- 
gal: see  Philip  II,  III,  and  IV, 
Kings  of  Spain 

Philip  (I)  the  Handsome  or  the  Fair 
(1478-1506),  King  of  Castile,  1504- 
1506:  sketch  of,  17,  176;  France 
claims  guardianship  of,  18,  218;  con- 
cludes alliance  with  Henry  VII  of 
England,  11,  228;  marries  Joanna 
of  Castile,  18,  227;  his  rule  in  the 
Netherlands,  13,  51;  reign  of,  8, 
189;  death  of,  13,  52 

Philip  II,  King  of  Spain,  1556-1598, 
called  the  Demon  of  the  South:  was 
the  son  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V 
and  Isabella  of  Portugal  and  was 
born  at  Valladolid,  May  21,  1527; 
by  education  and  character,  as  well 
as  by  birth,  he  was  Spanish;  was 
invested  with  the  Duchy  of  Milan, 
1540;  married  Maria  of  Portugal, 
1543;  succeeded  to  the  kingdoms  of 
Naples  and  Sicily,  1554;  married 
Mary  Tudor  of  England,  1554;  suc- 
ceeded to  the  lordship  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 1555;  became  King  of  Spain 
on  the  abdication  of  his  father,  1556; 
concluded  the  Peace  of  Cateau- 
Cambresis  with  France,  1559;  lost 
the  Netherlands  after  a  revolt  by 
the  Union  of  Utrecht,  1579;  annexed 
Portugal,  1580;  joined  the  Holy  Al- 
liance against  the  Huguenots  of 
France,  1585;  sent  an  unsuccessful 
expedition,  known  as  the  Invincible 
Armada,  against  England,  1588; 
died  at  the  Escorial,  Spain,  Septem- 
ber 13,  1598 

Birth  of,  8,  350;  marries  Mary  of 
England,  8,  351,  11,  271;  accession 
of,  4,  307,  8,  352,  9,  147,  18,  259,  22, 
118;  reign  of,  8,  354;  aids  Venice 
against  Turks,  4,  309;  proposes  mar- 
riage to  Elizabeth  of  England,  11, 
277;  marries  Elizabeth  of  France, 
9,     149;    his    relations    with    Maxi- 


milian II  of  Germany,  18,  262;  ap- 
proves action  of  Menendez,  23,  47; 
his  rule  in  the  Netherlands,  8,  351, 
I3>  67;  establishes  the  inquisition  in 
Mexico,  22,  129;  aids  Sebastian  of 
Portugal   against   Moors   of   Africa, 

8,  442;  concludes  an  alliance  with 
the  Swiss  Catholics,  13,  458;  claims 
throne  of  England,  11,  295;  fits  out 
the  Invincible  Armada,  23,  54; 
claims  throne  of  Portugal,  8,  448; 
unites  crowns  of  Spain  and  Portu- 
gal, 5,  152,  8,  366,  451;  signs  Peace 
of  Vervins,  9,  171;  death  of,  13, 
165,  22,  142;  summary  of  condition 
of  Spain  under,  8,  424 

Philip  III  (1578-1621),  King  of  Spain, 
(1598-1621),  accession  of,  22,  142; 
reign  of,  8,  374;  his  negotiations 
with  James  I  of  England,  11,  311; 
his  reign  in  Portugal,  8,  455;  sum- 
mary of  condition  of  Spain  under, 
426 

Philip  IV  (1605-1665),  King  of  Spain, 
1621-1665:  accession  of,  13,  203,  22, 
144,  153;  reign  of,  8,  376;  reign  of, 
in  Portugal,  455;  concludes  treaty 
with  France,  9,  207;  death  of,  9,  209, 
I3.  235;  summary  of  condition  of 
Spain  under,  8,  427 

Philip  V  (1683-1746),  King  of  Spain, 
1700-1746:  accession  of,  9,  220,  13, 
246,  18,  311;  reign  of,  4,  327,  8,  386; 
concludes  treaty  with  England,  22, 
187;  aids  Jesuits  in  California, 
186;  aids  the  Jesuits  of  Paraguay, 
21,  48;  plans  abdication,  22,  191; 
claims  Hungary  and  Bohemia,  9, 
236;  summary  of  condition  of  Spain 
under,  8,  428 

Philip  (d.  34  A.  D.),  Tetrarch  of  Ba- 
tansea,  Trachonitis,  and  Auranitis, 
4  B.   C.-34  A.   D.:  reign  of,   1,  409 

Philip  the  Bold  (1342-1404),  Duke  of 
Burgundy,  1361-1404:  given  Bur- 
gundy, 9,  102;  at  war  with  Flanders, 

9,  106,  13,  34;  receives  Flanders,  9, 
108;  made  regent  of  France,  109 

Philip  the  Good  (1396-1467),  Duke 
of  Burgundy,  1419-1467:  career  of, 
13,  39;  offers  the  crown  of  France 
to  Henry  V  of  England,  9,  113,  H, 
200;     enters     into     a     league     with 


GENERAL    INDEX 


551 


Charles  VII  of  France,  n,  205;  be- 
comes a  European  potentate,  205; 
aids  Louis  XI  of  France,  9,  119; 
death  of,  13,  43 

Philip  (early  14th  century),  Count  of 
Evreux  and  King  of  Navarre:  his 
claims  to  the  French  crown,  9,  92; 
at  war  with  John  of  France,  98 

Philip  (1504-1567),  Landgrave  of 
Hesse,  1500-1567:  befriends  Luther, 
18,  241;  arranges  for  the  conference 
at  Marburg,  13,  443,  18,  247;  fate 
of,  18,  256,  258 

Philip,  Duke  of  Milan,  1540:  given 
duchy,  4,  307 

Philip  (14th  century),  Marquis  of 
Montferrat:  reign  of,  4,  275 

Philip  I,  Count  of  Savoy,  1268-1285: 
reign  of,  4,  274 

Philip  (ca.  1 178-1208),  Duke  of  Sua- 
bia:  his  struggle  for  the  throne,  18, 
158;  seeks  an  alliance  with  Den- 
mark, 16,  85 

Philip  (13th  century),  Patriarch  of 
Aquileia:  opposes  annexation  of 
Carinthia  and  Carniola  to  Bohemia, 

17,  74 

Philip,  King  (d.  1676),  American  In- 
dian: leads  war,  23,  97;  death,  98 

Philip  of  Anjou:  see  Philip  V,  King  of 
France 

Philip  of  Burgundy  (early  16th  cen- 
tury), Bishop  of  Utrecht:  in  the 
Reformation,  13,  54 

Philip  of  Cleves  (late  15th  century), 
a  Flemish  military  leader:  his  cam- 
paign against  Albert  of  Saxe  Meis- 
sen, 13,  50 

Philip,  Arthur,  an  English  governor  in 
Australia,  1788:  his  work  in  Aus- 
tralia, 20,  132;  commands  founding 
of  penal  colony  in  Australia,  182 

Philip  Augustus:  see  Philip  II,  King 
of  France 

Philip  William  (d.  1618),  Prince  of 
Orange  (Count  of  Beuren):  as  a 
student  at  Louvain,  13,  103;  sent 
as  a  prisoner  to  Madrid,  107;  ac- 
companies Archduke  Albert  to  the 
Netherlands,  162 

Philiphaugh,  place  near  Selkirk,  Scot- 
land: battle  of  (1645),  11,  354,  12, 
340 


Philippa  (1312-1369),  Queen  of  Eng- 
land: intercedes  for  burgesses  of 
Calais,  11,  162 

Philippa  (14th  century),  Queen  of 
Portugal:  marries  Joam  I,  8,  299 

Philippa  (15th  century),  Queen  of 
Denmark,  Norway,  and  Sweden: 
sketch  of,  16,   127 

Philippe:  see  Philip 

Philippeaux,  Pierre  (1 759-1 794), 
French  revolutionist:  denounces  the 
manner  in  which  the  Vendean  war 
had  been  carried  on,  10,  286;  death 
of,  9,  288,  10,  294 

Philippi,  Macedonia:  founded,  2,  459; 
battle  of  (42  B.  C),  4,  18 

Philippi,  West  Virginia:  battle  of 
(1861),  24,  732 

Philippics  of  Demosthenes,  a  series 
of  orations  of  Demosthenes  against 
Philip  of  Macedon:  account  of,  2, 
466,  472 

Philippides,  Greek  hero:  legends  of, 
2,  166 

Philippine  Company,  Spanish:  failure 
of,  20,  102 

Philippine  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean:  dis- 
covered, 20,  51,  23,  37;  Spanish  and 
Chinese  settle  in,  6,  37;  slaughter 
of  the  Chinese  in,  38;  Spanish 
control  established,  5,  157;  Manila 
founded,  22,  120;  Treaty  of  Paris, 
23,  198;  history  of,  20,  311;  battle 
of  Manila  Bay,  24,  1028;  surrender 
of  city  of  Manila,  1029;  discussed  in 
the  peace  conference,  1031;  ceded  to 
the  United  States,  1032;  under 
American  rule,  20,  355,  24,  1036; 
description  of,  24,  1036;  provisional 
government  established,  1042;  gov- 
ernment established,  1043;  naviga- 
tion laws  extended,  1053 

Philippines  Civil  Government  Act,  a 
bill  passed  by  Congress  providing 
for  census,  etc.,  of  the  Philippines 
(1902),  20,  319 

Philippopolis,  Bulgaria:  founded,  2, 
473;  taken  by  Murad  (1361),  14,  29; 
battle  of  (1878),  14,  486,  15,  336 

Philippus  (4th  century  B.  C),  Alex- 
ander's  physician:   sketch  of,  2,  491 

Philippus,  Lucius  Marcius,  Roman 
consul,  91    B.    C:   opposes   reforms 


552 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


of  Drusus,  3,  203;  aids  reforms  of 
Sulla,  230 

Philippus,  Marcus  Julius,  Roman  Em- 
peror, 244-249  A.  D.:  reign  of,  4, 
109 

Philippus,  Quintus  Marcius,  Roman 
consul,   169   B.   C:   delays    Perseus, 

3,  149 

Philippus  the  Theban  (4th  century  B 
C),  Grecian  polemarch:  death  of, 
2,  423 

Philippus:  see  Philip 

Philistines  (Pelesheth,  Zarephathites, 
Askalonians),  an  ancient  people  of 
Semitic  origin,  dwelling  in  Philis- 
tia:  defeated  by  Egyptians,  I,  28; 
sketch  of,  379 

Phillips,  Wendell,  an  American  orator 
and  anti-slavery  leader,  called  The 
Silver-Tongued  Orator:  born  at 
Boston,  Mass.,  November  29,  1811; 
was  educated  at  Harvard  Univer- 
sity; admitted  to  the  bar,  1834, 
joined  the  Abolitionists,  1836;  was 
president  of  the  American  Anti- 
Slavery  Society,  1865-1870;  advo- 
cated woman  suffrage  and  penal 
and  labor  reform;  was  candidate  of 
the  labor  reformers  and  prohibition- 
ists for  governor  of  Massachusetts, 
1870;  died  at  Boston,  February  2, 
1884 

Member  of  American  Anti-Slav- 
ery Society,  24,  574;  aids  slaves  to 
escape,  617;  quoted  on  right  of  se- 
cession, 714;  joins  liberal  movement, 
890 

Philocrates  (4th  century  B.  C),  Athe- 
nian orator:  peace  of,  2,  468;  ban- 
ishment of,  469 

Philogenes,  Athenian  colonist  in  Asia: 
leader  of  Greek  emigrants  to  Pho- 
caea,  2,  55 

Philomelus  (d.  353  B.  C),  Phocian 
general:  seizes  Delphi,  2,  460:  slain, 
461 

Philopoemen  (b.  ca.  252  B.  C),  Greek 
statesman:  sketch  of,  2,  518 

Philosopher  of  China,  The:  see  Con- 
fucius 

Philosopher  of  Ferney,  The:  see  Vol- 
taire 


Philosopher  of  San  Souci,  The:  see 
Frederick  (II)  the  Great 

Philosophers,  The  Homer  of:  see 
Plato 

Philosophy:  Egyptian,  1,  46;  Chal- 
dean, 99;  Persian,  176;  Mohamme- 
dan, 216,  253;  in  Asia  Minor,  2,  115; 
Pythagorean,  214;  Epicurean,  its  in- 
fluence on  Csesar,  4,  31;  Stoic,  under 
Marcus  Aurelius,  98;  Stoic,  teaches 
doctrine  of  universal  brotherhood, 
103;  Galileo,  320;  Brahman,  5,  46; 
Hindu,  80,  87;  Peripatetic  school 
opposed  to  Bacon,  Newton,  and  Des- 
cartes, 8,  430;  Rousseau,  Diderot, 
10,  13,  15;  Voltaire  and  Montes- 
quieu, 10,  13,  15,  197;  Scholastic  in 
England,  11,  192;  Mill,  613;  Eras- 
mus, 13,  63;  French  physiocrats,  10, 
14,  15,  197;  Leibnitz,  18,  308,  320 

Philosophy,  The  Father  of  Roman: 
see  Cicero,  Marcus  Tullius 

Philotas  (d.  330  B.  C),  Macedonian 
soldier:  slain  by  Alexander,  2,  500 

Phipps  (18th  century),  English  ex- 
plorer: exploration  of,  16,  306 

Phipps,  Sir  William  (1651-1695),  Gov- 
ernor of  Massachusetts,  1692-1694: 
commands  fleet,  23,  158 

Phocaea,  Asia  Minor:  colonizations 
of,  2,  82,  85,  125;  destroyed  by  Per- 
sians, 125;  founds  Alalia,  125 

Phocion  (ca.  402-317  B.  C),  Athenian 
soldier  and  statesman:  campaign  of, 
in  Euboea,  2,  464;  opposes  Demos- 
thenes, 467;  relieves  Byzantium,  474; 
rebukes  Demosthenes,  481;  obtains 
Macedonian  clemency  for  the  Greek 
cities,  513 

Phocis,  ancient  state  of  central 
Greece:  geography  of,  2,  12;  invaded 
by  Xerxes,  195;  at  war  with  Sparta. 
244;  allied  to  Athens,  245;  attacked 
by  Thebes,  397;  aids  Lysander,  398; 
subdued  by  Thebans,  438;  at  strife 
with  Boeotia,  459;  in  the  sacred  war, 
460;  subdued  by  Philip,  468 

Phoebidas  (4th  century  B.  C),  Spar- 
tan general:  seizes  the  Cadmeia,  2, 
421;  tried,  422;  slain,  429 

Phoenicians,  inhabitants  of  Phoenicia, 
an   ancient    country   of   Syria,   Asia 


GENERAL    INDEX 


553 


Minor:    ethnology    and    history    of, 

1,  117;  religion  and  mythology,  127; 
arts  and  general  culture,  132;  in- 
fluence of,  20,  8;  colonization  of, 
15;  relation  of,  to  Aegean  civiliza- 
tion, 2,  26;  circumnavigate  Africa, 
19,  5;  influence  on  Greek  religion, 
3,  28,  40;  decline  of,  78;  league  with 
the  Etruscans,  3,  28;  submit  to 
Cambyses,  2,  127;  fleet  of,  employed 
by  Persians,  136,  182,  234,  360; 
submit  to  Alexander,  493;  visit 
Britain,  II,  5;  settle  in  Spain,  8,  6, 
12 

Phoenix  Park  Murders,  Dublin:  ac- 
count of,  11,  634,  12,  239 

Phormio  (5th  century  B.  C),  a  Greek 
naval  officer:  victories  of,  2,  289 

Photius  (Peter  Spasski)  (early  19th 
century),  a  Russian  ecclesiastic: 
sketch  of,  15,  265 

Phraortes  (Khsathrita),  King  of  Me- 
dia, 656-634  B.  C.:  leads  revolt  in 
Media,  I,  163 

Phrygia,  an  ancient  country  in  Asia 
Minor:    destroyed    by    Cimmerians, 

2,  116;  becomes  an  independent 
kingdom,  3,  213 

Phrynichus  (5th  century  B.  C),  a 
Greek  politician:  conspires  with  the 
Four  Hundred,  2,  358;  his  coup  d' 
etat,  360;  murdered,  360 

Phrynichus  (5th  century  B.  C),  a 
Greek  tragic  poet:  fined,  2,  137 

Phung-do  Island,  an  island  off  the 
coast  of  Korea:  battle  of,  7,  261 

Phyllidas  (4th  century  B.  C),  a 
Theban  patriot:  sketch  of,  2,  423 

Physical  Geography,  The  Father  of: 
see  Humboldt,  Alexander  von 

Piacenza,  a  city  in  Italy:  internal 
strife,  4,  211 

Piali  Pasha  (ca.  1520-1571),  a  Turk- 
ish admiral:  account  of,  14,  165,  170, 
199 

Piankhi  (8th  century  B.  C.),  an  Ethio- 
pian king:  triumphs  of,  1,  30 

Pianori  (early  19th  century),  an  Ital- 
ian citizen:  attempts  to  assassinate 
Napoleon  III,  9,  448 

Piave,  a  river  of  Italy:  battle  of 
(1809),  9,  336 


Picard,  Louis  Joseph  Ernest  (1821- 
1877),  a  French  politician:  in  the 
elections  of  1869,  9,  458 

Piccinino,  Nicolas  (1375-1444),  an 
Italian  general:  leader  of  the  con- 
dottieri,  4,  254 

Piccolomini,  Prince  Octavio  (1599- 
1656),  Austrian  general:  in  the 
Thirty  Years'  War,  18,  286;  at  the 
battle  of  Breitenfeld,  16,  187 

Pichegru,  Charles  (1761-1804),  a 
French  general:  his  campaign 
against  the  allied  forces,  9,  289,  13, 
265,  20,  T39;  made  president  of  the 
council  of  the  five  hundred,  9,  303, 

10,  386;  arrest  of,  9,  304,  10,  391; 
conspiracy  of,  9,  321,  10,  455;  death 
of,  10,  455 

Pickens,  Andrew  (1739-1817),  an 
American  general:  leader  in  the 
Revolution,  23,  273 

Pickering,  John  (early  19th  century), 
an  American  lawyer:  impeached,  23, 
391 

Pickering,  Timothy  (1745-1829),  an 
American  statesman  and  soldier: 
proposes  secession  of  Eastern 
states,  23,  401 

Pickett,  George  Edward  (1825-1875), 
an  American  Confederate  general: 
leads  charge  at  Gettysburg,  24,  781 

Pico,  Andres  (early  19th  century), 
Mexican  soldier:  defeats  Kearny, 
22,  299 

Pico,  Jesus  (early  19th  century),  Mex- 
ican soldier:  captured  by  the  Amer- 
icans, 22,  298;  breaks  his  parole, 
298 

Picts,  a  Briton  tribe:  harass  Romans, 

11,  15;  sketch  of,  12,  248 
Piedmont,  Italy:  invasion  of  Napo- 
leon (1796),  4,  342;  termination  of 
war  with,  10,  380;  united  to  France, 
453;  revolution  of  the  Carbonari,  4, 
354;  intervention  of  Austria  in,  23, 
446;  arms  against  Austria  (1859),  4, 
372 

Pieng-an:  see  Ping-yang 

Pierce,  Franklin  (1804-1869),  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  1853- 
1857:  sketch  of  his  early  life,  24, 
623;    in    Mexican    War,   554;    nomi- 


554. 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


nated  for  President,  619;  election, 
622;  inauguration,  623;  signs  Kan- 
sas-Nebraska Bill,  637;  receives 
Kossuth,  640;  message  of  1854,  649 

Pieri  (19th  century),  an  Italian  con- 
spirator: attempts  to  assassinate 
Napoleon  III,  9,  449 

Pierola,  Nicolas  de  (1839 ),  a  Pe- 
ruvian politician:  recognized  as 
president  of  Peru,  21,  236;  second 
administration  of,  242 

Pierpoint,  Francis  H.  (1814-1899),  an 
American  political  leader:  elected 
governor  of  Virginia,  24,  732 

Pierre:  see  Peter 

Pierrot  (early  19th  century),  a  Hayti- 
an  soldier:  made  ruler  of  Hayti,  22, 

499 

Pike,  Zebulon  Montgomery  (1779- 
1813),  an  American  general:  explo- 
rations of,  23,  401 

Pike  State,  The:  see  Missouri 

Pike's  Peak,  Colorado:  discovered  and 
named,  23,  401 

Pilate,  Pontius  (1st  century  A.  D.),  a 
Roman  procurator  of  Judaea,  1,  410 

Pilgrim,  Archbishop  of  Lorch  (late 
10th  century),  a  Hungarian  mission- 
ary: his  work  among  the  Magyars, 
17,  46 

Pilgrimage  of  Grace,  an  insurrection 
in  England  (1536),  n,  257 

Pilgrims,  the  founders  of  Plymouth 
Colony,  Mass.  (1620):  brought  from 
Leyden  in  "Speedwell,"  23,  84;  sail 
from  Southampton  in  "  Mayflower," 
84;  landing  at  Plymouth,  84;  second 
arrival  of,  from  Leyden,  84;  found 
Plymouth  Colony,  84 

Pillersdorf  (early  19th  century),  Aus- 
trian statesman:  draws  up  an  elec- 
toral law,  17,  363 

Pillow,  Gideon  Johnson  (1806-1878), 
an  American  general:  in  the  Mexi- 
can War,  22,  326,  24,  554;  at  siege 
of  Fort  Donelson,  744;  escapes  from 
Fort  Donelson,  745;  removed  from 
command,  745 

Pilnitz  (Pillnitz),  Declaration  of,  a 
convention  between  Emperor  Leo- 
pold II  and  Frederick  William  of 
Prussia  against  the  French  Revolu- 


tion (1791),  9,  270,  10,  143,  17,  276 
Piloni  (19th  century),  an  Italian  sol- 
dier in  South  America:  his  services 
in  Argentina,  21,  130 
Pilsen,  Bohemia:  siege  of  (1434),  17, 

}Z7 

Pimentelli,  Antonio  (17th  century),  a 
Spanish  statesman:  favorite  of 
Christina,  16,  205 

Pimienta,  Santiago  (d.  1844),  a  Cuban 
insurgent:  death  of,  22,  452 

Pinacotheca  (Pinakothek),  a  chamber 
in  the  Propylaea  at  Athens,  2,  255 

Piiiaredo,  Bernal  (17th  century), 
Mexican  explorer:  his  career  in 
California,   22,   172 

Pinchincha,  Colombia,  South  America: 
battle  of  (1822),  21,  73 

Pinckney,  Charles  (1 758-1 824),  an 
American  politician:  member  of 
South  Carolina,  ratifying  conven- 
tion, 23,  336;  absent  from  first  Con- 
gress, 343 

Pinckney,  Charles  Cotesworth  (1746- 
1825),  an  American  statesman  and 
Revolutionary  soldier:  in  Constitu- 
tional convention,  23,  324;  absent 
from  first  Congress,  343;  member  of 
South  Carolina  ratifying  conven- 
tion, 336;  minister  to  France,  373; 
made  major  general,  375;  Federal 
nominee  for  Vice-President,  381; 
Federalist  candidate  for  President, 
403 

Pinckney,  Henry  Laurens  (1794-1863), 
an  American  politician,  journalist, 
and  writer:  introduces  resolutions 
against  abolition  petition,  24,  577 

Pinckney,  Thomas  (1750-1828),  an 
American  statesman  and  Revolu- 
tionary soldier:  concludes  treaty 
with  Spain,  23,  364;  nominated  Vice- 
President,  370;  Federal  candidate  for 
Presidency,  413 

Pindar  (ca.  522-443  B.  C),  a  Greek 
poet:  greatest  of  lyric  poets,  2,   13 

Pindar,  Sir  Paul  (ca.  1565-1650),  a 
London  merchant:  member  of  Cour- 
ten's  Association,  5,  158 

Pindaris  (Pindarries  or  Pindharies), 
a  horde  of  robbers  in  India:  revolt 
of  (1815),  5,  208 


GENERAL    INDEX 


555 


Pine  Tree  State:  see  Maine 

Ping-yang  (Pieng-an),  Korea:  battle 
of,  6,  266,  7,  265 

Pinkie  Cleugh  (Pinkey),  a  place  in 
Scotland:  battle  of  (1547),  ",  265, 
xi,  306;  see  also  Preston  Pans 

Pinkney,  William  (1764-1822),  an 
American  lawyer  and  orator:  envoy 
to  Great  Britain,  23,  409;  minister 
to  Great  Britain,  416;  quoted  on 
slave  labor,  24,  589 

Pinodem  II,  King  of  Egypt,  10th  cen- 
tury: reign  of,  1,  29 

"  Pinta,"  one  of  the  vessels  of  Co- 
lumbus: fitted  out,  23,  29 

Pinto,  Alexandre  Alberto  da  Rocha 
Serpa  (1846 ),  an  African  ex- 
plorer and  Portuguese  politician: 
his  mission  to  the  Lake  Nyasa  re- 
gion, 19,  238 

Pinto,  Francisco  Antonio  (1785-1858), 
a  Chilian  general  and  politician; 
provisional  president  of  Argentina, 
21,  127;  president  of  Chili,  216 

Pinzon  (19th  century),  a  Spanish  ad- 
miral: aids  in  the  seizure  of  the 
Chincha  Islands  (1864),  21,  203 

Pinzon  (early  19th  century),  a  Mexi- 
can general:  at  the  battle  of  Cerro 
Gordo,  22,  325 

Pinzon,  Francisco  Martin  (15th  cen- 
tury), a  Spanish  navigator:  raises 
false  cry  of  "  Land,"  23,  30 

Pinzon,  Martin  Alonzo  (1441-1493),  a 
Spanish  navigator:  aids  Columbus, 
23,  30;  attempts  to  discover  Hayti, 
21,  7;  explores  the  northern  coast 
of  Hayti,  8;  explorations  of,  15 

Pinzon,  Vicente  Yanez  (ca.  1460- 
1524),  a  Spanish  navigator:  his  ex- 
plorations in  South  America,  20,  43; 
traces  the  coasts  of  Central  Ameri- 
ca, 21,  16 

Pious  Fund,  The,  a  diplomatic  dispute 
between  the  United  States  and  Mex- 
ico: settled  (1904),  13,  319  note,  24, 
1055 

Piper,  Karl,  Count  (d.  1716),  Swedish 
diplomat:  favorite  of  Charles  XIV 
of  Sweden,  16,  214;  urges  peace, 
216;  at  the  siege  of  Poltava,  15,  53 

Pipin    (Pepin)     the    Short    (d.    768), 


King  of  the  Franks:  reign  of,  9, 
38,  18,  75;  aids  Pope,  2,  534,  4,  173; 
aids  Borut  against  the  Avars,  17,  37 

Pipin  (Carloman),  son  of  Charle- 
magne (777-810  A.  D.) :  invades  Na- 
varre, 8,  196;  made  King  of  Italy, 
4,   177,  18,  81 

Pippin  (ca.  802-838),  King  of  Aqui- 
taine,  817-838:  crowned,  18,  90; 
reign  of,  9,  48,  49;  revolt  of,  18,  91; 
death  of,  92 

Pippin  II  (d.  864  A.  D.),  King  of 
Aquitaine:  revolt  of,  8,  221;  reign 
of,  9,  49 

Pippin  of  Heristal  (d.  714),  a  ruler  of 
the  Franks:  power  of,  9,  35;  career 
of,  18,  69;  rule  of,  69 

Pippin  of  Landen  (early  7th  century), 
the  royal  steward  of  Clotar  II:  edu- 
cates Dagobert,  18,  65;  rebellion  of, 
9,  31;  made  mayor  of  the  palace,  9, 
33;  career  of,  18,  68 

Pippin,  natural  son  of  Charlemagne: 
conspiracy  of,  18,  83 

Piraeus,  Greece:  restored  to  Athens, 
2,  512;  in  modern  Greece,  548 

Piri  Reis  (16th  century),  Turkish  ad- 
miral: eminence  of,  14,  164 

Pirminius,  Saint  (8th  century  A.  D.), 
Swiss  religious  leader:  sketch  of, 
13,  339 

Pirot,  Servia:  battle  of  (1885),  15, 
343 

Pisa,  Italy:  feud  with  Elis,  2,  74,  75; 
receives  Charter,  4,  187;  history  of, 
in  the  Middle  Ages,  225;  Jews  ban- 
ished from,  1,  418 

Pisa,  Council  of,  summoned  to  settle 
schism  in  church  (1409),  17,  121,  18, 
201 

Pisagua,  South  America:  bombarded 
(1879),  21,  235;  taken  by  the  Chili- 
ans  (1879),  235 

Pisani,  Vittor  (d.  1380),  Venetian  ad- 
miral: defeated  by  the  Genoese,  4, 
239;  at  the  siege  of  Venice,  240 

Pisano,  Niccolo  (d.  ca.  1278),  Italian 
architect  and  sculptor:  father  of 
Italian  sculpture,  4,  284 

Piscataqua  River,  New  Hampshire: 
boundary  between  grants  of  Gorges 
and  Mason,  23,  95 


556 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Pisebkhanu  I,  King  of  Egypt,  nth 
century  B.  C:  reign  of,  i,  29 

Pisistratus  (612-527  B.  C.)»  a  tyrant 
of  Athens:  account  of,  2,  95,  109 

Piso,  Caius  Calpurnius  (d.  65  A.  D.), 
Roman  conspirator:  conspires 
against  Nero,  4,  65 

Piso,  Cnaeus  Calpurnius  (d.  19  A.  D.)> 
governor  of  Syria:  career  of,  4,  48 

Piso,  Gnaeus  Calpurnius  (d.  ca.  66  B. 
C.)»  Roman  conspirator:  leader  of 
the  discontented  party,  3,  280;  sent 
to  Spain,  280;  death,  281 

Piso,  Licinianus  (d.  69  A.  D.),  Roman 
nobleman:  associated  in  power  with 
Galba,  4,  69 

Piso,  Lucius,  Roman  consul,  58  B.  C: 
elected  consul,  3,  290;  recalled  from 
his  province,  318 

Piso,  Lucius  Calpurnius,  Roman  con- 
sul, 148  B.  C:  campaign  in  Africa, 
3,  164 

Pistoja,  Italy:  rise  of  the  Bianchi  and 
Neri,  4,  212 

Pisuerga,  Spain:  battle  of  the  (1068), 
8,  142 

Pitcairn,  John  (ca.  1740-1775),  British 
officer:  at  battle  of  Lexington  and 
Concord,   23,  226;  killed,  233 

Pithom,  Egypt:  built,  1,  27 

Pitt,  John,  Earl  of  Chatham  (1756- 
1835),  English  soldier:  his  campaign 
against  Napoleon,  n,  563 

Pitt,  Thomas,  British  statesman:  gov- 
ernor of  Madras  (1698-1709),  5,  166 

Pitt,  William,  Earl  of  Chatham,  Eng- 
lish statesman  and  orator,  called 
The  British  Cicero:  born  at  West- 
minster, England,  November  15, 
1708;  studied  at  Trinity  College,  Ox- 
ford; served  in  the  dragoons;  en- 
tered Parliament,  1735;  became  vice- 
treasurer  of  Ireland  in  Pelham's 
administration,  1746;  made  paymas- 
ter-general, 1746;  attacked  the  gov- 
ernment, 1755,  and  was  deprived  of 
office;  was  secretary  of  State,  1756- 
1757;  was  the  leader  of  the  govern- 
ment under  the  Duke  of  Newcastle, 
1757-1761;  was  created  Viscount 
Pitt  and  Earl  of  Chatham;  was  pre- 
mier, 1766-1768;  on  his  last  appear- 


ance in  the  House  of  Lords,  April  7, 
1778,  opposed  the  acknowledgment 
of  the  independence  of  the  Ameri- 
can colonies;  died  at  Hayes,  Kent, 
May  n,  1778 

Sketch  of,  II,  483;  opposes  policy 
of  Carteret,  486;  dismissed  from 
office,  496;  returns  to  power,  497; 
policy  of,  5,  180;  dismissed  from 
office,  23,  188;  popularity  of,  11,  498; 
becomes  premier,  23,  188;  sends 
fleet  to  capture  Louisburg,  188; 
projects  alliance  against  the  Bour- 
bons, 14,  322;  opposes  Spanish 
policies,  8,  414;  foreign  policy  of,  9, 
246;    resigns    premiership,    11,    505, 

23,  197;  estimate  of,  20,  118;  sup- 
ports repeal  of  Stamp  Act,  11,  509; 
speech  in  behalf  of  rights  of  colo- 
nists, 23,  213;  created  Earl  of 
Chatham,  215;  forms  ministry 
(1766),  11,  510;  opposes  the  surren- 
der of  the  colonies,  23,  270;  death 
of,   11,  518,  23,  270 

Pitt,  William,  English  statesman, 
called  the  Bottomless  Pitt  and  The 
Great  Commoner:  born  at  Hayes, 
Kent,  May  28,  1759;  was  the  second 
son  of  William  Pitt,  Earl  of 
Chatham;  entered  Cambridge  Uni- 
versity, 1773;  admitted  to  the  bar, 
1780;  elected  a  member  of  Parlia- 
ment for  Appleby,  1780;  made  his 
first  speech  in  favor  of  Burke's  plan 
of  economical  reform,  February  26, 
1781;  became  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  1782;  was  Prime  Minis- 
ter, 1783-1801,  1804-1806;  died  at 
Putney,  January  23,  1806 

Sketch  of,  11,  524;  made  Prime 
Minister,  528;  secures  the  passage  of 
a  new  India  bill,  5,  194;  his  Irish 
bill,  12,  103;  policy  toward  Russia, 
14,  360,  361;  forms  coalition  against 
France,  9,  307;  plans  union  between 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  12,  215; 
resigns  ministry,  11,  551;  recalled  to 
office,  554;  death  of,  557 

Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania:  name 
changed  from  Fort  Du  Quesne,  23, 
191;    Free    Soil    Convention    (1852), 

24,  621;      Republican      convention 


GENERAL    INDEX 


557 


(1856),   653;    Lincoln   makes   speech 
at,  706;  railroad  strikes  of  1877,  919 

Pittsburg  Landing,  Tennessee:  battle 
of  (1862),  34,  747 

Pius  II  (.SSneas  Sylvius  Piccolomini), 
(1405-1464),  Pope,  1458-1464:  quot- 
ed on  the  entry  of  the  Hussites  into 
Basel,  17,  137;  his  influence  on 
Frederick  III  of  Germany,  18,  212; 
his  estimate  of  the  German  cities, 
230;  quarrels  with  Sigmund,  Duke 
of  Austria,  13,  403;  his  policy  to- 
ward Bohemia,  17,  146;  encourages 
Hungary  to  fight  Bohemia,  162; 
cooperates  in  the  founding  of  the 
University  of  Basle,   13,  428 

Pius  IV  (Giovanni  Angelo  de'  Medici) 
(1499-1565),  Pope,  1559-1565:  sanc- 
tions the  use  of  the  cup  in  Bohemia, 
*7>  J97!  promises  aid  to  the  Swiss 
Catholics,   13,  456 

Pius  V  (Michele  Ghisleri)  (1 504-1 572), 
Pope,  1566-1572:  aids  Venetians 
against  Turks,  4,  309;  excommuni- 
cates Elizabeth  of  England,  11,  283; 
forms  maritime  league,  14,  196 

Pius  VI  (Giovanni  Angelo,  Count 
Braschi)  (1717-1799),  Pope,  1775- 
1799:  visits  Vienna,  17,  267,  18,  350; 
insulted  by  Napoleon,  4,  343;  taken 
prisoner  by  the  French,  9,  307 

Pius  VII  (Cardinal  Chiaramonti) 
(1742-1823),  Pope,  1800-1823:  re- 
stored, 18,  362;  signs  concordat  with 
Napoleon,  9,  319;  pontificate  of,  4, 
346;  consecrates  Napoleon,  9,  322; 
refuses  dispensation  to  Jerome  Bon- 
aparte, 18,  374;  his  quarrel  with  Na- 
poleon, 9,  Z2>7\  reestablishes  the 
order  of  the  Jesuits,  357 

Pius  IX  (Giovanni  Maria  Mastai  Fer- 
retti),  Pope,  1846-1878:  born  at 
Sinigaglia,  near  Ancona,  Italy,  May 
13,  1792;  became  Archbishop  of 
Spoleto,  1827;  appointed  cardinal, 
1840;  became  Pope,  1846;  led  reform 
movement  in  Rome  and  granted  a 
constitution  to  the  Papal  States;  un- 
willing to  grant  all  the  demands  of 
the  populace,  fled  to  Gaeta,  1848, 
and  a  republic  was  proclaimed  at 
Rome;  was  restored  by  the  aid  of 


the  French,  1850;  Victor  Emmanuel 
annexed  a  large  portion  of  his  do- 
mains, i860;  was  altogether  de- 
prived of  his  temporal  power,  1870; 
died  at  Rome,  February  7,  1878 

Reforms  of,  4,  357,  361,  9,  426; 
loses  his  temporal  territories,  4, 
396;  his  relations  with  Germany,  18, 
441 

Pius  X  (Cardinal  Sarto),  Pope,  1903- 

:   makes   overtures  to   King  of 

Italy,  4,  405 

Pizarro,  Francisco,  Spanish  soldier, 
conqueror  of  Peru:  born  at  Truxillo, 
Spain,  about  1471;  was  employed  as 
a  swineherd  in  his  youth  and  never 
learned  to  read  or  write;  the  date 
of  his  emigration  to  America  is  not 
known,  but  he  took  part  in  the  ex- 
pedition of  Ojeda;  afterwards 
served  under  Balboa  in  the  discov- 
ery of  the  Pacific  Ocean  (1513)  and 
about  1519  settled  at  Panama;  in 
1522  joined  with  Diego  de  Almagro 
and  a  priest  named  De  Luque  and 
started  out  to  explore  and  conquer 
the  region  lying  south  of  the  Isth- 
mus of  Darien;  his  first  expedition 
in  1524  failed;  made  another  expe- 
dition in  1526,  landing  at  city  of 
Tumbez;  visited  that  and  other 
towns  of  the  Peruvian  coast;  went 
to  Spain  to  get  aid  from  the  king; 
procured  for  himself  an  appoint- 
ment as  governor  and  captain-gen- 
eral of  the  region  he  might  conquer 
for  a  distance  of  two  hundred 
leagues  south  of  Santiago;  in  Janu- 
ary, 1531,  he  sailed  from  Panama, 
landing  at  Tumbez;  at  Caxamarco 
he  met,  November,  1532,  the  Inca 
Atahualpa,  who  had  come  to  the 
camp  for  a  friendly  interview,  but 
was  put  to  death  by  order  of  Pizar- 
ro; in  November,  1533,  Pizarro  en- 
tered Puzco,  the  capital,  and  the 
conquest  of  Peru  was  virtually  ef- 
fected; civil  war  broke  out  in  1537 
between  Pizarro  and  Almagro,  who 
was  defeated  and  executed  in  1538; 
to  avenge  his  death  a  conspiracy 
was      formed      by      Almagro      the 


558 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Younger    and    Pizarro    was    assas- 
sinated at  Lima,  Peru,  June  26,  1541 
His  conquest  of  Peru,  20,  45,  31, 
18,  22,  114;  plans  conquest  of  Chili, 
21,  25;  death  of,  26 
Pizarro,     Gonzalo      (ca.      1505-1548), 
Spanish  soldier:  explorations  of,  21, 
25;   defeats   Nunez  Vela,  27;   death 
of,  27 
Placidia  (390-450  A.  D.),  Roman  prin- 
cess: marries  Ataulphus,  4,   145,   8, 
36;    returned    to    the    Romans,    8, 
37;  marries  Constantius,  4,  146;  as- 
sumes regency  of  the  Empire  of  the 
West,  147 
Placido  (d.  1844),  Cuban  poet  and  in- 
surrectionist: death  of,  20,  327,  22, 
452 
Plagues  and  Pestilences: 
B.  C. 

430.     At  Athens,  2,  282,  287 
413.     At  Syracuse,  2,  348 
406.     In   Sicily   among   the    Cartha- 
ginians, 2,  410 
400.     In  China,  6,  10 
A.  D. 
165.     Brought  to   Europe   from  the 

East,   4,  96 
560.     In  Japan,  7,   15 
1270.     In  the  East,  9,  84 
1330.     Black  Death   in  Ireland,   12, 

63 
1347-1348.     Black   Death   in  Europe 
and   Asia,   2,   282,   5,   142,  282,   8, 
160,  286,  289,  11,  163,  16,  48,  18, 
190 
1361.     Black  Death,  11,   169 
1384.     In  Portugal,  8,  298 
1519.     In  Spain,  8,  344 
1546.     In  Mexico,  22,  113 
1574.     In   Ghent,   13,    117 
1576.     In  Italy,  4,  310 
1630.     In  France  and  Italy,  4,  319 
1665.     In    London,    2,    282,    5,    282, 

11,  386 
1694.     In  Mexico,  22,  182 
1714.     In  Mexico,  22,  187 
1730.     In  China,  6,  82 
1750.     Smallpox  in  China,  6,  86 
1763.     Smallpox  in  Mexico,  22,  201 
1780.     Smallpox  in  Mexico,  22,  211 


1820.     Yellow    fever    in    Spain,    9, 

379 
1825.     China,  6,   124 
1828.     Among   the    Russian    troops, 

15,  281 
1854.     Cholera  among   English  and 

French  troops,  15,  311 

1854.  Asiatic    cholera    in    Italy,    4, 
369 

1855.  Vine  disease  in  Italy,  4,  369 

1867.  Cholera  in  Uruguay,  21,  145 

1868.  Cholera  in  Buenos  Ayres,  21, 
132 

1870.  At  Tientsin,  6,  223 

1871.  Yellow      fever      in      Buenos 
Ayres,  21,   134 

1873.     Yellow    fever    in    Brazil,   21, 

163 
1878.     Yellow     fever     in     Southern 

States,  24,  923 
1902.     Cholera    in    the    Philippines, 

20,  363 
1895-1905.     Bubonic  plague  in  India 

and  China,  5,  282 
1905.     Cholera  in  Manila,  20,  364 

Plains  of  Abraham:  see  Abraham, 
Plains  of 

Plaisance,  Newfoundland:  ceded  to 
the  English,  20,  86 

Plancius,  Peter  (1 552-1622),  a  Dutch 
theologian:  promotes  expedition  of 
Barentz,  16,  302 

Plancus,  Lucius  Munatius  (late  1st 
century  B.  C.)»  Roman  politician: 
commands  troops  in  Farther  Gaul, 
4,  12;  made  consul,  15 

Planta,  Pompey  (d.  1621),  Swiss 
Catholic  leader:  death  of,  13,  463 

Planta,  Rudolf  (early  17th  century), 
Swiss  leader  in  religious  wars:  leads 
Spanish  and  Austrian  party,  13,  461 

Planta,  Rudolf  (early  17th  century), 
Swiss  leader  in  religious  wars,  son 
of  Pompey  Planta:  kills  George 
Jenatsch  (1639),  13,  463 

Plantagenet,  Edmund,  Earl  of  Kent 
(d.  1330),  English  nobleman:  exe- 
cuted, 11,  156 

Plantagenet,  Edward,  Earl  of  War- 
wick: see  Warwick,  Edward  Plan- 
tagenet, Earl  of 


GENERAL    INDEX 


559 


Plantagenet,  Geoffrey  (early  12th  cen- 
tury), Count  of  Anjou:  claims  Eng- 
lish throne,  9,  72 

Plantagenet,  Richard  (1209-1272), 
Earl  of  Cornwall:  leads  barons 
against  Henry  III,  11,  134;  regent 
of  England,  136;  elected  Emperor 
of  Germany  (1257),  8,  153,  11,  137, 
17,  72,  18,  171;  swears  to  the  Pro- 
visions of  Oxford,  11,  139;  captured 
after  battle  of  Lewes,  11,  140 

Plantations  in  Ireland:  system  of,  12, 

91 

Plassey,  India:  battle  of  (1757),  5, 
183,  11,  502,  23,  187 

Plata  River,  Viceroyalty  of  the,  Span- 
ish province  in  South  America: 
formed,  20,  104 

Plataea,  Greece:  its  troops  at  Mara- 
thon, 2,  167;  destroyed  by  Xerxes, 
196;  battle  of  (479  B.  C),  I.  166,  2, 
209;  taken  by  Athens,  2,  262;  at- 
tacked by  Thebans  (431  B.  C),  277; 
siege  of  (427  B.  C),  297;  restored 
by  the  Spartans,  419;  again  de- 
stroyed by  Thebans  (376  B.  C),  430 

Plato  (429-347  B.  C),  Greek  philoso- 
pher, called  The  Homer  of  Philoso- 
phers: visits  Syracuse,  2,  415;  be- 
lieves the  earth  to  be  a  sphere,  23, 
22 

Platov,  Count  Matvei  Ivanovitch 
(1751-1818),  Russian  general:  his 
campaign  against  France,  15,  219; 
sketch  of,  227 

Piatt  (nth  century),  Danish  soldier: 
challenges  the  Irish  army,  12,  43 

Piatt,     Thomas     Collier     (1833 ), 

American  statesman:  joins  Conkling 
faction,  24,  933 

Piatt  Amendment,  The,  an  act  guaran- 
teeing self-government  to  Cuba  un- 
der certain  conditions  (1901),  20, 
330,  22,  467 

Platter,  Thomas  (16th  century),  Swiss 
educator:  account  of,  13,  452 

Plattsburg,  New  York:  battle  of 
(1814),  20,   154,  23,   426 

Plautius,  Aulus  (1st  century  A.  D.), 
Roman  commander:  invades  Britain, 
4,  59 

Plaza,   Leonidas,    President   of   Ecua- 


dor, 1901-1905:  his  administration, 
21,  244 

Plebeians,  Roman  social  and  political 
party:  development  of,  3,  7;  ad- 
mitted to  the  senate,  34;  receive  citi- 
zenship, 35;  admitted  to  Decemvi- 
rate,  44;  strife  with  Patricians,  47 

Plebiscite  of  i860,  The,  a  popular  vote 
taken  in  Italy  to  decide  between 
annexation  to  the  constitutional 
kingdom  of  Victor  Emmanuel  or 
having  a  separate  government,  4, 
376 

Plebiscites,  popular  votes  taken  in 
France  to  determine  the  right  of 
Louis  Napoleon  to  the  throne 
(1851),  9,  442;  (1852),  9,  444 

Plebs:  see  Plebeians 

Plehve,  Viatscheshav  Constantino- 
vitch  von  (d.  1904),  Russian  minister 
of  the  interior:  sketch  of,  15,  360 

Pleistoanax  (5th  century  B.  C),  Spar- 
tan king:  expedition  of,  against  At- 
tica, 2,  249;  restored  from  exile,  2, 

317 

Pleistocene  Age,  prehistoric  period  of 
the  history  of  the  earth,  11,  3 

Plektrude  (ca.  700  A.  D.),  wife  of 
Pippin  of  Heristal,  ruler  of  France, 
687-714:  account  of,  18,  70 

Plelo,  Count  de  (early  18th  century), 
French  commander:  commands 
French  forces  in  Poland,  15,  119 

Plemiannikov  (18th  century),  Rus- 
sian general:  at  the  battle  of  the 
Kagul,  15,   177 

Pless,  Sigfrid  von  (late  17th  century), 
Danish  minister  of  finance:  hires 
out  the  Danish  army,  16,  235 

Plesswitz,  Armistice  of,  a  truce  be- 
tween Napoleon  and  the  powers  of 
Europe  (1813):  mentioned,  10,  488, 
15,  261 

Pletschev,  Michael  (early  16th  cen- 
tury), Russian  ambassador  to  Tur- 
key (1512):  account  of  embassy,  14, 
118 

Plevua,  Bulgaria:  siege  of  (1877),  M. 
482,  15,  334,  336 

Pliny  the  Younger  (Caiiis  Plinius 
Caecilius  Cecundus)  (62-113  A.  D.), 
Roman    author    and    orator:    perse- 


560 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


cutcs  the   Christians,  4,  90;   quoted 
about  the  Netherlands,  13,  4 
Plumer,  William  (early  19th  century), 
American     senator:     votes     against 
Monroe  for  reason  of  sentiment,  23, 

459 
Pliitschau    (early    18th    century),   Lu- 
theran missionary  in  India:  founds 
the  first  Protestant  mission  (1706), 

5,  171 

Plymouth,  Massachusetts:  Plymouth 
Company  chartered  by  James  I,  23, 
56;  Plymouth  Company  makes  grant 
to  Pilgrims,  86;  earlier  colonies  un- 
successful, 86;  settled  (1620),  II, 
313,  20,  84  note,  23,  84;  relations 
with  Indians,  23,  85;  government 
of,  86;  incorporated  with  Massachu- 
setts, 86;  in  New  England  Confed- 
eration, 96;  battle  of  (1652),  13, 
230;  in  Colonial  Congress,  158;  suf- 
frage laws,  147 

Pnyx,  The,  Athenian  senate-house: 
description  of,  2,  149 

Po,   river   in    Italy:   battle   of  the,   4, 

329 

Pobiedonostsev,  Constantine  Petro- 
vitch  (b.  1827),  Russian  jurist  and 
statesman:  policy  of,  15,  341;  op- 
poses Sviatopolk-Mirski,  360 

Pocahontas  (17th  century),  Indian 
girl:  rescues   Captain  Smith,  23,  59 

Pocock,  Sir  George  (1706-1792),  Eng- 
lish admiral:  takes  Havana,  20,  118 

Podestra,  chief  magistrate  of  Galian 
cities:  office  and  duties  of,  4,  210 

Podiebrad,  George  of,  King  of  Bo- 
hemia, 1458-1471:  becomes  leader  of 
non-Catholic  sects  in  Bohemia,  17, 
143;  made  regent  of  Bohemia,  144; 
elected  King  of  Bohemia,  145;  ca- 
reer of,  18,  214 

Podiebrad,  Victorin  of  (15th  century), 
Bohemian  prince:  invades  Austria, 
17,  146 

Podolia,  Russia:  added  to  Russia,  15, 
192 

Poe,  Edgar  Allan  (1809-1849),  Ameri- 
can author:  in  American  literature, 
23,  481 

Poetry: 

ARABIA:     before     Mohammed,     1, 
199 


ASSYRIA  and  BABYLONIA:  ac- 
count of,  1,  108 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  Slavic  lit- 
erature, 17,  36;  in  the  13th  century, 
97;  Vodnik,  301,  330,  333;  the  Czech 
poets,  341 

CHINA:  3rd  century  B.  C,  6,  13; 
6th  century  A.  D.,  15;  18th  century, 
72 

ENGLAND:  Caedmon,  11,  38;  Lay- 
amon,  142;  William  Langland,   169; 
Chaucer,  176,  188;  Gower,  187;  Spen- 
cer  and    Shakespeare,    302;    Milton, 
33i»    39i;    "  Hudibras,"   391;    Burns, 
Byron,  Shelley,  Scott,  Wordsworth, 
577;  Tennyson,  613 
EGYPT:  account  of,  1,  56 
GERMANY:      at      the      Bohemian 
court,  17,  84;  13th  century,  18,  178; 
18th  century,  13,  489,  18,  353 
GREECE:   Homer   and    Hesiod,  2, 
29;  in  Asia  Minor,  115 
INDIA:  Vedic  hymns,  5,  38,  42;  the 
Brahmans,  49 

IRELAND:  in  early  times,  12,  8; 
Moore,  222 

ISRAEL:  David,  1,  387 
ITALY:    14th   century,   4,  220;   the 
Renaissance,  280;  Tasso  and  Arios- 
to,  319;    18th  century,  338;   general 
treatment,  407 

JAPAN:  8th  century  A.  D.,  7,  35, 
43;  13th  century,  79 
NETHERLANDS:     15th     century, 
13,  62;  17th  century,  219 
PERSIA:  during  the  Seljuk  period, 
5,  333',  Hafiz,  336 

PORTUGAL:        "The        Lusiad " 
(1572),  5,  175,  8,  542 
ROME:   under   Greek  influence,  2, 
524;  under  Augustus,  4,  35 
RUSSIA:    Pushkin,   15,   47;    Cante- 
mir,     86,     150;     Frediakovski,     150; 
Lomonosov    and    Sumarokov,    150; 
early  19th  century,  192,  269 
SCANDINAVIA:   Elder  Edda,  16, 
8;   19th  century,  264 
SCOTLAND:  15th  century,  12,  293, 
309 

SPAIN:  18th  century,  8,  429 
SWITZERLAND:  15th  century,  13, 
427;  close  connection  with  Germany, 
489;  popular  poetry  (1800),  522 


GENERAL    INDEX 


561 


TURKEY:    16th    century,    14,    188, 

205 

UNITED   STATES:  in  Jacksonian 

epoch,    23,    481;    Walt    Whitman's 

poem  on  death  of  Lincoln,  24,  827 

Poetry,  Father  of  English:  see  Chau- 
cer, Geoffrey 

Pogge,  Paul  (1838-1884),  German 
African  explorer:  explorations  of, 
19,  90 

Poictiers,  Battle  of:  see  Tours,  Battle 
of 

Poincy,  de  (early  17th  century), 
French  statesman:  governor  of  the 
West  Indies,  20,  71 

Pointed  Arrow:  see  Jackson,  Andrew 

Points,  Jean  Bernhard  Louis  Desjean, 
Baron  de  (1645-1707),  French  naval 
officer:  captures  Carthagena,  9,  219 

Poissy,  Conference  of,  a  discussion 
between  the  Cardinal  of  Lorraine 
and  the  Protestant  ministers  of  the 
principal  points  of  the  two  religions 
(1561),  9,  152 

Poitiers,  Battle  of:  see  Tours,  Battle 
of 

Pojarski,  Prince  (1578-1642),  a  Rus- 
sian general:  directs  a  popular  ris- 
ing, 15,  20 

Pokanokets,  American  Indians:  resist 
conversion,  23,  97 

Pokotilov  (early  20th  century),  Rus- 
sian financier:  his  attempts  to  win 
Chinese  officials,  7,  295 

Poland,  a  country  of  northeastern 
Europe:  origin  of,  15,  4,  18,  6;  con- 
dition of  the  Jews  in,  1,  420;  inde- 
pendent of  Germany,  18,  139;  in- 
vaded by  Tartars,  14,  4;  under  the 
rule  of  the  King  of  Bohemia,  17,  81; 
hostility  to  Turkey,  14,  32,  211; 
Othman's  campaign  in,  212;  forms 
a  union  with  Lithuania  (1509), 
15,  11,  16;  trouble  over  the  Cos- 
sacks, 14,  244;  treaty  with  Turkey, 
269;  in  Peace  of  the  Pruth,  281; 
plans  to  dismember,  332,  333; 
occupied  by  the  Russians,  15,  46; 
commencement  of  Russia's  interfer- 
ence in,  81;  declared  a  Russian 
province,  296;  its  condition  after 
the    second    insurrection,    329;    un- 


der Nicholas  II,  348;  the  effect 
of  the  partitions  on,  373;  under 
the  Jagiellos,  377,  379;  diet  of  (1818), 
263;  diet  of  (1820),  268;  invasion  of 
(1863),  17,  389;  insurrection  (1906), 
15,  366 

Poland,  Luke  Potter  (19th  century), 
American  statesman :  investigates 
the  Credit  Mobilier,  24,  896 

Poland,  Partitions  of:   (1772),  9,  250, 

14,  338,  15,  172,  173,  382,  17,  246,  18, 
345;  (1793),  15,  189,  385,  17,  281,  18, 
358;  (1795),  15,  191,  386,  17,  281,  18, 
359 

Polar  Research,  History  of,  16,  293 

Pole,  John  de  la  (1487),  Earl  of  Lin- 
coln: joins  insurrection  of  Lambert 
Simnel,  11,  224;  death  of,  225 

Pole,  Michael  de  la,  Earl  of  Suffolk 
(14th  century),  English  politician: 
characer,  11,  180;  impeached,  181 

Pole,  Reginald  (1500-1558),  an  English 
cardinal  and  scholar:  Papal  legate, 
11,  271;  made  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury, 272;   death  of,  273 

Pole,  William  de  la,  Earl  of  Suffolk 
(d.  1450),  English  politician:  his  in- 
fluence over  Henry  VI,  11,  206; 
losses  in  France,  207;  impeached  and 
murdered,  209 

Polemarch,  a  Greek  military  officer: 
office  of,  created  at  Athens,  2,  98 

Poles,  people  of  Poland:  significance 
of  name,  17,  25;  see  also  Poland 

Polignac,  Madame  de  (ca.  1749-1793), 
a  favorite  of  Marie  Antoinette: 
urges  dismissal  of  Brienne,  9,  260 

Polignac,  Armand  Jules  Marie  Herac- 
lius,  Duke  of  (1771-1847),  a  French 
politician:  plots  against  Napoleon's 
life,  9,  322 

Polignac,  Jules  Auguste  Armand 
Marie,  Prince  of  (1780-1847),  a 
French  statesman:  made  member  of 
the  council,  9,  388;  trial  of,  397 

Polish  Insurrections,  struggles  for  in- 
dependence   in    Poland    (1830-1831), 

15,  293;  (1863),  324 

Polish  Note,  The,  suggestions  made 
by  England  to  Russia  in  regard  to 
Poland  (1863),  15,  384 

Polish  Question,  The,   a   question   of 


562 


THE   HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


the  independence  of  Poland  (1830), 

17,  327 

Polish  War,  a  war  to  decide  the  elec- 
tion to  the  throne  of  Poland  (1733- 
I738)j  ended  by  Peace  of  Vienna,  by 
which  Augustus  III  was  acknowl- 
edged: account  of,  4,  332 

Political  Campaigns:  see  Campaigns, 
Political 

Polk,  James  Knox,  eleventh  President 
of  the  United  States:  born  in  Meck- 
lenburg Co.,  North  Carolina,  No- 
vember 2,  1795;  moved  to  Tennessee 
in  1806  with  his  father;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina, 
1816;  studied  law  in  Nashville,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  1830;  was 
elected  a  member  of  Congress  from 
Tennessee  in  1825  and  at  several 
succeeding  elections;  in  1835  chosen 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Represent- 
atives by  the  Democrats:  was 
Speaker  of  the  25th  Congress  (1837- 
1838);  in  1839  was  elected  Governor 
of  Tennessee  for  two  years;  at  elec- 
tion of  1841  was  defeated  by  the 
Whig  candidate  for  Governor;  in 
1844  was  elected  President  of  the 
United  States;  the  annexation  of 
Texas  to  the  Union  (1845)  involved 
the  country  in  a  war  with  Mexico 
which  began  May,  1846,  and  after 
several  victories,  the  army  of  the 
United  States  under  General  Scott 
took  the  city  of  Mexico  in  Septem- 
ber, 1847;  the  boundary  line  of  Ore- 
gon was  settled  during  his  adminis- 
tration; retired  from  office  in  March, 
1849,  and  died  at  Nashville,  Tennes- 
see, June  15,  1849 

Nominated  for  President,  24,  537; 
elected,  538;  early  career,  540; 
Northwest  Boundary  Dispute,  541; 
war  with  Mexico,  544;  message  to 
Congress  (1846),  547;  party  schemes 
of,  556;  proposition  to  buy  Cuba 
rejected,  628;  Alaska  purchase  pro- 
posed in  administration  of,  877 

Polk,  Leonidas  (1 806-1 864),  a  Con- 
federate general:  enters  Kentucky, 
24,  743;  at  battle  of  Pittsburg  Land- 
ing, 747J  death,  795 


"  Polk,  Dallas,  and  the  tariff  of  1842," 
Democratic  motto  in  the  presiden- 
tial election  of  1844,  24,  538 

Polkos,  Revolution  of  the,  an  insurrec- 
tion against  the  Mexican  govern- 
ment (1847):  account  of,  22,  319 

Pollentia,  Italy:  battle  of  (402  A.  D.), 

4,  138,  18,  35 

Pollio,  Caius  Asinius  (ca.  76  B.  C- 
6  A.  D.),  a  Roman  politician,  com- 
mander, and  author:  commands 
troops  in  Spain,  4,  12;  aids  in  mak- 
ing a  new  division  of  territory 
among  the  triumvirs,  20 

Pollock,  Sir  George  (1786-1872),  an 
English  general:  his  campaigns  in 
India,  5,  218 

Poll-tax,  a  tax  in  England  that  led  to 
an  insurrection  of  the  peasants 
(1379-1381):  imposed  by  Parlia- 
ment, 11,  174 

Polo,  Marco,  an  Italian  traveler  and 
author:  born  in  Venice,  1254;  ac- 
companied his  father  and  uncle,  two 
merchants  of  noble  rank,  on  a  land 
journey  to  China,  leaving  Venice, 
1271,  and  arriving  at  Shangtu,  1275; 
was  in  the  service  of  the  Chinese 
emperor,  1275-1292;  journeyed  from 
China  to  Venice,  via  Sumatra,  India, 
and  Persia,  1292-1295;  was  taken 
prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Curzola  be- 
tween the  Venetians  and  the  Geno- 
ese (1298)  and  detained  at  Genoa 
over  a  year;  while  a  prisoner,  dic- 
tated in  French  to  a  fellow  captive 
an  account  of  his  travels;  died  at 
Venice,  1324 

His  career,  23,  24;  visits  the  East, 

5,  141,  6,  19;  detained  at  Mongol 
court,  24;  visits  Persia,  5,  336;  re- 
turns to  Venice,  6,  25;  effect  of  his 
writings  on  Columbus,  21,  4 

Polotsk  (Polock),  Russia:  under  the 
Varangians,  15,  6;  battle  of  (1812), 
10,  485 

Polovtsi,  a  Turkish  tribe:  border  war- 
fare of  the,  15,  7 

Polt  (early  19th  century),  an  Austrian 
general:  in  the  Hungarian  insurrec- 
tion, 15,  301 

Poltava   (Pultowa,   Pultawa),   Russia: 


GENERAL    INDEX 


563 


battle  of  (1709),  14,  275,  15,  Sh  l6» 
220,  18,  317 

Poltrot,  John,  of  Mere  (d.  1563),  a 
French  fanatic:  assassinates  Francis 
of  Guise,  9,  154 

Polybius  (204-125  B.  C.)»  a  Greek  his- 
torian: exiled,  2,  519 

Polycletus  (1st  century  A.  D.),  a  Ro- 
man freedman:  becomes  a  power  in 
Rome,  4,  72 

Polycrates  (d.  522  B.  C),  a  Greek  ty- 
rant: tyrant  of  Samos,  2,  95,  126; 
death  of,  129 

Polygamy:  in  Mormon  religion,  24, 
982;  first  act  of  Congress  respect- 
ing, 983 

Pombal,  Sebastiao  Jose  de  Carvallio  e 
Mello,  Marquis  of  (1699-1782),  a 
Portuguese  statesman:  administra- 
tion of,  8,  473;  his  policy  in  Brazil, 
21,  39;  his  hostile  policy  toward  the 
Jesuits,  20,  97 

Pombo  (early  19th  century),  a  Co- 
lombian patriot:  death  of,  21,  65 

Pomerania,  a  province  of  Prussia:  an- 
nexed to  Denmark,  16,  83;  passes 
from  Sweden  to  Prussia,  15,  63,  372 

Pompadour,  Jeanne  Antoinette  Pois- 
son,  Marquise  de  (1721-1764),  mis- 
tress of  Louis  XV  of  France:  her 
influence  over  Louis  XV,  9,  244;  her 
relations  with  Maria  Theresa,  17, 
243,  18,  334 

Pompeii,  an  ancient  city  of  Italy:  de- 
stroyed by  Vesuvius,  2,  524,  4,  83 

Pompeius,  Quintus  (2nd  century  B. 
C),  a  Roman  general  and  orator: 
his  struggle  with  Numantia,  3,  162 

Pompeius  Magnus,  Cneius  (Pompey 
the  Great),  a  Roman  general:  born 
September  30,  106  B.  C;  fought  un- 
der his  father  in  Social  War,  89  B. 
C,  and  saved  his  father  from  assas- 
sination, 87  B.  C;  raised  three  le- 
gions to  fight  for  Sulla  in  83  B.  C. 
and  defeated  a  hostile  force  under 
Brutus;  gained  another  victory  over 
the  legates  of  Carbo  in  82  B.  C; 
in  76  B.  C.  obtained  command  of 
an  army  sent  to  Spain  against  Ser- 
torius,  who  defeated  Pompey  in  two 
battles;   returned   to   Italy  in   71   B. 


C.  and  was  elected  consul  for  the 
year  70  B.  C. ;  remained  at  Rome 
inactive  during  69  and  68  B.  C;  in 
67  B.  C.  he  was  selected  to  conduct 
a  war  against  the  pirates,  who  in- 
fested the  Mediterranean  in  great 
numbers;  performed  this  service 
with  complete  success  in  less  than 
a  year;  was  also  successful  in  oper- 
ations against  Mithridates;  captured 
Jerusalem  in  63  B.  C;  returned  to 
Italy  62  B.  C. ;  having  divorced 
Mucia,  his  third  wife,  he  married 
Julia,  daughter  of  Caesar;  defeated 
in  battle  with  Caesar  in  August,  48 
B.  C;  escaped  by  sea,  with  his  wife, 
Cornelia,  and  sought  refuge  in 
Egypt,  but  was  murdered  in  the  act 
of  landing,  September,  48  B.  C. 

Sketch  of,  3,  254;  joins  Sulla,  226; 
conquers  Africa,  228;  conquers  Si- 
cily, 228;  aids  reforms  of  Sulla,  230; 
rebels  against  constitution  of  Sulla, 
239;  defeats  Lepidus,  255;  his  cam- 
paigns in  Spain,  3,  256,  8,  21;  allies 
himself  with  the  democrats,  3,  267; 
reforms  of,  267;  retires  from  public 
affairs,  268;  his  campaign  against 
the  pirates,  270;  given  command  of 
the  war  in  East,  271;  his  campaigns 
in  the  East,  273;  besieges  Jerusalem, 
1,  407;  his  triumph,  3,  275;  feeling 
in  Rome  towards,  286;  returns  to 
Rome,  287;  joins  second  coalition, 
288;  marries  daughter  of  Caesar, 
290;  compared  with  Caesar,  311; 
feud  with  Clodius,  312;  changed  re- 
lations with  Caesar,  312;  invested 
with  superintendence  of  affairs  re- 
lating to  corn  supply,  314;  confer- 
ence with  Caesar  and  Crassus,  56  B. 
C),  315,"  appointed  "consul  with 
colleague,"  320;  gives  up  special 
command,  321;  breach  with  Caesar, 
325;  refuses  to  obey  the  senate,  331; 
commences  war  against  Caesar,  332; 
resources  of,  335;  compaign  in  the 
East  against  Caesar,  346;  resources 
after  the  battle  of  Pharsalus,  350; 
death,  351;  Caesar  restores  to  the 
senate-house  the  statue  of,  365; 
value  of  his  property,  382 


564 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Pompeius  Magnus,  Cneius  (ca.  80-45 
B.  C),  eldest  son  of  Cneius  Pom- 
peius Magnus  (106-48  B.  C.) :  his 
campaign  in  Spain,  8,  23;  at  the 
Corcyra  council  of  war,  3,  350 

Pompeius  Magnus,  Sextus  (75-35  B. 
C),  a  son  of  Cneius  Pompeius  Mag- 
nus (106-48  B.  C.) :  his  campaigns  in 
Spain,  8,  23;  ability  of,  3,  352;  be- 
comes a  pirate,  359;  his  recall  pro- 
posed, 4,  8;  brings  a  fleet  to  the  coast 
of  Gaul,  11;  makes  a  compact  with 
Antonius,  19;  his  alliance  and  rup- 
ture with  Octavius,  20;  defeat  of, 
21 

Pomuk,  John  of  (late  14th  century), 
an  Austrian  ecclesiastic:  sketch  of, 
17,  118 

Ponce,  Porto  Rico,  West  Indies:  cap- 
tured by  American  forces  (1898), 
24,  1030 

Ponce  de  Leon,  Juan  (ca.  1460-1521), 
a  Spanish  soldier  and  discoverer: 
accompanies  Columbus  on  his  sec- 
ond voyage,  23,  33;  occupies  Porto 
Rico,  21,  16;  discovers  Florida,  23, 
38 

Ponce  de  Leon,  Luis  (1528-1591) 
Spanish  scholar,  theologian,  and 
poet:  commissioned  to  investigate 
complaints  against  Cortez,  22,  70 

Pondicherry  (Pondicherri),  the  capita 
of  French  India:  obtained  by  the 
French  (1668),  9,  214,  20,  114;  cap- 
tured by  the  Dutch,  9,  219;  besieged 
by  the  English  (1748),  5,  179,  20, 
115;  captured  by  the  English  (1761), 
5,  170,  9,  246,  20,  1,19;  (1778),  9,  256; 
returned  to   France   (1802),   20,   144 

Poniatowski,  Prince  Joseph  Anton 
(1762-1813),  a  Polish  general:  re- 
tires to  Cracow,  15,  256;  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Leipzig,  18,  385;  death  of, 
15,  261 

Poniatowski,  Michael  (late  18th  cen- 
tury), brother  of  Stanislaus  Augus- 
tus Poniatowski,  King  of  Poland: 
treason  of,  15,  190 

Poniatowski,  Stanislaus  (1 677-1762), 
a  Polish  statesman:  intrigues  of, 
15,  58;  influences  the  sultan  against 
Russia,  16,  221 


Ponsonby,  George  (1755-1817),  an 
Irish  lawyer  and  political  leader: 
supports  free  trade  movement,  12, 
183 

Pontarlier,  France:  taken  by  the  Con- 
federates (1475),  13,  407 

Pont-de-Ce,  France:  battle  of  (1620), 
9,  181 

Pontiac  (d.  1769),  a  chief  of  the  Ot- 
tawa Indians:  leads  his  braves 
against  Braddock,  23,  200;  plans  his 
conspiracy,  200;  concludes  peace 
with  Sir  William  Johnson,  200; 
death,  200 

Pontiac,  Conspiracy  of:  see  Pontiac 

Pontifex  Maximus,  the  highest  priest 
in  the  ancient  Roman  religion:  pow- 
ers of,  3,  32 

Pontius,  Gavius  (4th  century  B.  C), 
a  Roman  military  leader:  at  battle 
of  Caudine  Pass,  3,  69 

Pontius  of  Telesia  (1st  century  B.  C.) 
a  Samnite  general:  tries  to  succor 
Rome,  3,  227;  death  of,  228 

Pontius  Pilate:  see  Pilate,  Pontius 

Pontus,  an  ancient  country  in  Asia 
Minor:  annexed  to  Roman  empire, 
2,  522 

Pool,  Gerrit  Claesz  (late  17th  cen- 
tury), a  Dutch  shipwright:  gives 
Peter  a  certificate,  15,  33 

Poole  (early  17th  century),  an  Arctic 
explorer:  explorations  of,  16,  304 

Poona  (Poonah),  Treaty  of,  a  treaty 
by  which  England  gained  wider  con- 
trol of  the  district  of  Poona  in  In- 
dia (1817),  5,  209 

Poor  Laws:  (1),  a  law  passed  in  Eng- 
land providing  for  the  building  of 
workhouses  for  the  poor  (1834),  11, 
592;  (2)  a  law  providing  for  the 
poor  in  Ireland   (1838),  596 

"  Poor  Richard's  Almanack,"  an  al- 
manac published  by  Benjamin 
Franklin,  1732-1757;  sketch  of,  23, 
143 

Popayan,  Colombia,  South  America: 
insurrection  in  (1829),  21,  83 

Pope,  Alexander  (1 688-1 744),  an  Eng- 
lish poet:  sketch  of,  11,  481 

Pope,  John  (1822-1892),  an  American 
general:    captures     Island    Number 


GENERAL    INDEX 


565 


Ten,  24,  749;  commands  Army  of 
Virginia,  762;  Federal  losses  during 
command,  763 

Pope,  The  English:  see  Adrian  IV, 
Pope 

Pope,  The  Protestant:  see  Clement 
XIV,  Pope 

Pope,  The  Reform:  see   Calvin,  John 

Popes,  Boy:  see  John  XII  and  Bene- 
dict IX,  Popes 

Popham,  Sir  Francis  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), English  colonial  official:  ap- 
pointed council,  23,  57 

Popham,  Sir  Home  Riggs  (1762-1820), 
a  British  naval  officer:  occupies 
Buenos  Ayres,  20,  143;  captures 
Gualior,  5,  193 

Poppaea  Sabina  (d.  65  A.  D.),  wife  of 
Salvius  Otho:  intrigues  with  Nero, 
4,  63;  marries  Nero,  64 

Poppo  (early  8th  century),  Duke  of 
Friesland:  opposes  Karl  Martel,  18, 

74 

Poppo  (nth  century),  German  bishop: 
baptizes  Svend,  16,  29 

Populares,  a  faction  in  Rome  (2nd 
century  B.  C.) :  rise  of,  3,  172 

Populist  Party  (the  People's  Party), 
a  political  party  in  the  United 
States;  in  election  of  1890,  24, 
975;  absorbed  by  the  Democrats, 
ion;  convention  at  St.  Louis,  1015; 
convention  at  Springfield,  1067 

Populonia,  Italy:  battle  of,  3,  75 

Populus,  a  Roman  body  of  warriors: 
origin  of  name,  3,  14 

Port  Arthur,  a  Chinese  naval  station: 
siege  of  (1894),  7,  268;  taken  by 
Japanese,  6,  268,  309;  occupied  by 
Russians,  6,  296,  7,  277;  battle  of 
(1904),  7,  304;  siege  of  (1904),  306; 
surrender  of  (1905),  15,  363;  Rus- 
sia cedes  lease  of,  6,  314 

Port  Durban,  South  Africa:  founded, 
20,  225 

Port  Famine,  a  place  in  Patagonia: 
settled,  21,  32 

Port  Gibson,  Mississippi:  taken 
(1862),  24,  776 

Port  Hudson,  Louisiana,  taken  by 
Banks   (1863),  24,  778 


Port  Mahon,  Minorca,  Balearic 
Islands:  battle  of  (1756),  II,  496 

Port  of  Freemantle,  Australia:  found- 
ed, 20,  187 

Port  Philip,  Australia:  growth  of,  20, 
194 

Port  Royal,  Jamaica,  West  Indies:  de- 
stroyed by  an  earthquake,  20,  237 

Port  Royal,  Nova  Scotia:  see  Annap- 
olis, Nova  Scotia 

Port  Royal,  South  Carolina:  settled, 
23,  47;  fate  of,  76 

Port  Victoria,  Seychelles  Islands:  de- 
scription of,  20,  263 

Portal  (early  19th  century),  a  French 
statesman:  made  minister  of  marine 
affairs,  9,  370 

Portal,  Sir  Gerald  (late  19th  century), 
a  British  official  in  Africa:  his  mis- 
sion to  Uganda,  19,  196 

Portales,  Diego  (1793-1837),  a  Chilian 
politician:  member  of  the  Opposi- 
tion party  in  Chili,  21,  216;  suggest- 
ed as  a  presidential  candidate,  217 

Port-au-Prince,  Hayti:  taken  by  the 
French  (1801),  20,  140 

Porte,  The,  the  Imperial  Ottoman 
Government:  meaning  of  term,  14, 
9i 

Porteous  Affair,  The,  riots  at  Edin- 
burgh (1736),  12,  365 

Porter,  David  Dixon,  an  American 
admiral:  born  at  Chester,  Penna., 
June  o,  1813;  entered  the  navy  as 
midshipman  in  1829;  became  a  lieu- 
tenant, 1841;  served  against  the 
Mexicans,  1846-1847;  in  1861  was 
promoted  to  commander;  command- 
ed the  mortar  boats  which  bombard- 
ed Forts  Jackson  and  Saint  Philip, 
below  New  Orleans,  1862;  in  Oc- 
tober, 1862,  he  commanded  a  flotilla 
of  gunboats  on  the  Mississippi 
River;  cooperated  with  Grant 
against  Vicksburg;  for  his  services 
at  Vicksburg  he  was  made  rear-ad- 
miral; successful  at  Fort  Fisher, 
January  15,  1865;  appointed  vice-ad- 
miral, July  25,  1866,  and  admiral  in 
August,  1870;  died  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  February  13,  1891 


566 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Commands  ironclads  at  Vicks- 
burg,  24,  776,  777;  captures  Fort 
Fisher,  808 

Porter,  Endymion  (1587-1649),  an 
English  merchant  adventurer:  mem- 
ber of  Courten's  Association,  5,  158 

Porter,      Fitz-John      (1822 ),      an 

American  general:  blamed  for  de- 
feat at  Groveton,  24,  763 

Porter,  Peter  Buel  (1 773-1 844),  an 
American  general:  in  Congress,  23, 

417 

Portland,  William  Henry  Cavendish: 
see  Bentinck,  William  Henry,  Duke 
of  Portland 

Portland  Channel,  Alaska:  in  Alaskan 
boundary  settlement,  24,  1055 

Portmore,  Ireland:  siege  of  (1597), 
12,  96 

Porto  Bello,  Colombia,  South  Ameri- 
ca: taken  by  Morgan,  20,  69;  cap- 
tured by  the  English  (1739),  22, 
194;  made  a  free  port,  21,  85 

Porto  Novo,  Africa:  claimed  by 
France,   19,  49 

Porto  Novo,  India:  settled,  5,  171 

Porto  Rico  (Puerto  Rico),  an  island 
of  the  West  Indies:  discovered,  21, 
9;  occupied  by  Ponce  de  Leon,  16; 
early  conditions  in,  20,  73;  history 
of,  in  the  19th  century,  323;  cam- 
paigns in  (1898),  22,  462,  24,  1030; 
ceded  to  the  United  States,  24,  1032; 
description  of,  1035;  government 
provided  for,  1040 

Porto-Alegre  (19th  century),  a  Bra- 
zilian general:  his  campaign  against 
Paraguay,  21,  158 

Portocarrero  (late  16th  century),  a 
Spanish  captain:  his  campaign 
against  the  French,   13,   164 

Portocarrero,  Louis  de  (1629-1709), 
Spanish  cardinal:  appointed  regent 
of  Spain,  8,  385 

Ports  of  the  Spanish  Main,  Three  Old, 
Cumana,  La  Guaira,  and  Maracaibo, 
21,  318 

Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire:  found- 
ed, 23,  95;  Russo-Japanese  Peace 
conference  at,  24,  1079 

Portsmouth,  Louise  de  Keroualle, 
Duchess    of    (1649-1734):    her   rela- 


tions with  Charles  II   of  England, 

",  395 

Portsmouth  Treaty,  The,  a  treaty  be- 
tween Japan  and  Russia,  which  end- 
ed the  Russo-Japanese  War  (1905): 
account  of,  7,  318,  15,  364,  24,  1079 

Portugal,  a  kingdom  of  Europe,  called 
Lusitania:  establishment  of  king- 
dom, 8,  272;  possessions  in  Africa, 
I9»i5j7i;  discoveries  and  conquests 
of,  14,  144,  23,  24;  last  of  the  an- 
cient dynasty,  8,  433;  commercial 
enterprise  of,  6,  32;  merchants  from, 
visit  Japan,  7,  104;  sends  troops  to 
Peking,  6,  44;  House  of  Braganza, 
8,  462;  events  to  the  close  of  the 
Peninsular  War,  8,  525,  10,  474; 
growth  of  the  constitutional  mon- 
archy, 8,  533;  concludes  treaty  with 
Japan,  7,  189;  her  claims  in  the 
Lake  Nyasa  region,  19,  236;  arbi- 
tration treaty  with  the  United 
States,  24,  1076;  treaty  with  China, 
6,  318;  present  possessions  in  Af- 
rica, 19,  249 

Portugal,  Nufio  Colon  de,  Duke  of 
Veraguas,  Viceroy  of  Mexico,  1673: 
made  viceroy,  22,  174 

Portuguese  East  Africa:  description 
of,  20,  298 

Portuguese  Legion,  a  body  of  Portu- 
guese soldiers  in  the  Napoleonic 
campaigns:  organization  of,  8,  528 

Porus  (d.  318  B.  C),  King  of  India: 
opposes  Alexander,  2,  501;  defeated 
by  Alexander,  5,  67 

Posada,  Antonio  (late  18th  century),  a 
Mexican  explorer:  examines  mines 
at  Talchapa,  22,  209 

Poseidon,  the  Greek  god  of  the  sea: 
in  Greek  theology,  2,  39;  Isthmian 
Games  in  honor  of,  42;  sanctuary  on 
Mount  Mycale,  55 

Posidonius  (2nd  century  B.  C),  a 
Greek  sailor:  visits  Britain,  11,  5 

Posse,  Count  Arvid  (late  19th  cen- 
tury), a  Swedish  political  leader: 
ministry  of,  16,  279 

Possession  Island,  an  island  on  the 
south  coast  of  Africa:  claimed  by 
the  Dutch,  19,  38 

Post    Office,    Department    of,    in    the 


GENERAL    INDEX 


567 


United  States:  scandals  of,  24,  895, 

1054 
Posthumus   (Postumus),  Marcus  Cas- 
sianus  Latinus   (d.  267  A.  D.),  Ro- 
man   Emperor:     his    campaigns    in 
Spain,   8,   26;    accession    and    death 

of,  9,  13 

Postumius,  Lucius  (3rd  century  B.  C.)» 
a  Roman  propraetor:  death,  3,  121 

Postumus:  see  Posthumus 

Potemkin,  Prince  Gregory  (1736- 
1791),  a  Russian  politician  and  gen- 
eral: account  of,  14,  346,  353,  358; 
secures  Catherine's  favor,  15,  165; 
deceptions  of,  14,  350  note;  power 
of,  15,  171;  honors  accorded  to,  174; 
serves  in  the  Crimea,  176;  made 
governor  of  the  Crimea,  183;  his  re- 
ception in  St.  Petersburg,  185;  death 
of,  14,  360,  15,  186;  treatment  of 
his   remains,  15,  201 

Pothinus  (ca.  3rd  century  A.  D.), 
Bishop  of  Lyons:  martyred,  9,  12 

Potidaea,  Macedonia:  established,  2, 
80;  revolts  from  Athens,  269;  recap- 
tured, 284;  taken  by  Philip  of  Mace- 
don,  459 

Potocki  (18th  century),  Polish  gen- 
eral: intrigues  of,  15,  58 

Potocki,  Count  (19th  century),  Polish 
statesman:  member  of  Austrian 
cabinet,  17,  402 

Potocki,  Count  Stanislaus  (1757- 
1821),  Polish  patriot  and  states- 
man: his  interview  with  Napoleon, 
15,  258 

Potomac  River,  United  States:  Lee 
crosses,  24,   779 

Potosi,  South  America:  battle  of 
(1825),  21,  182 

Potsdam,  Treaty  of,  an  alliance  be- 
tween the  countries  of  Europe 
against  Napoleon  (1803),  15,  214 

Pottawattomi  Indians,  North  Ameri- 
ca: belong  to  Algonquian  stock,  23, 
8 

Potter,  Louis  de  (1786-1859),  Belgian 
writer  and  revolutionist:  banished, 
13,  295;  made  head  of  new  provi- 
sional government,  296 

Pottery:  found  in  the  mounds  of  the 
Mound  Builders,  23,  6 


Pottinger,  Elred  (19th  century),  An- 
glo-Indian official:  defends  Herat, 
5,  217,  361 

Pottinger,  Sir  Henry  (1789-1856), 
British  administrator:  appointed 
minister,  6,  138;  concludes  Treaty  of 
Nanking,  141;  sails  for  England,  143 

Poughkeepsie,  New  York:  ratification 
convention  meets  at,  23,  337',  Lin- 
coln makes  speech  at,  24,  706 

Powhatan  (d.  1618),  Indian  sachem: 
his  conference  with  Smith,  23,  58 

Poynings,  Sir  Edward  (d.  1512),  Eng- 
lish deputy  in  Ireland:  sent  as  dep- 
uty to  Ireland,  n,  227;  made  lord 
deputy  of  Ireland,  12,  73 

Poyning's  Law  or  Statute  of  Dro- 
gheda,  act  of  the  Irish  Parliament 
in  1494,  named  from  Sir  Edward 
Poynings,  II,  227,  12,  74 

Poyntz  (17th  century),  English  Par- 
liamentary general:  defeats  Charles 

I,    ",   354 

Prado,  Manuel  (1826-1901),  Peruvian 
soldier:  declares  himself  dictator  in 
Peru,  21,  205;  made  dictator,  206; 
in  the  war  with  Chili,  235 

Pradt,  de,  Archbishop  of  Mechlin 
(1759-1837),  French  diplomat  and  po- 
litical writer:  his  interview  with  Na- 
poleon,  15,   256 

Praemunire,  Statute  of,  an  English  act 
passed  in  1353,  in  which  an  attempt 
was  made  to  stop  suits  being  carried 
before  foreign  courts:  enacted 
(1353),  11,  169;  reenacted  (1393), 
183 

Praeneste,  Italy:  war  with  Rome,  3, 
64;   siege   of,   227 

Praetores,  name  given  to  Roman  two 
year-kings:  power  of,  3,  30 

Praga,  Russia:  storming  of  (1794),  15, 
191,  18,  358 

Pragmatic  Sanctions: 

1713.  That  of  Emperor  Charles  VI, 
making  Maria  Theresa  his  heir, 
4,  333,  13,  252,  15,  134,  17,  191, 
18,  319 
1759.  That  of  Charles  II  of  Spain 
ceding  the  succession  of  Naples 
to  his  third  son  and  descendants, 
8,  414 


568 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Prague,  Bohemia:  founded,  17,  30; 
siege  of  (1400),  118;  insurrection  in 
(1419),  128;  siege  of  (1420),  129; 
becomes  center  of  religious  contro- 
versy, 150;  defenestration  of,  202; 
outbreak  in  (1618),  18,  268;  battle 
of  (1620),  17,  206;  occupied  by  John 
George  of  Saxony  (1632),  18,  282; 
taken  by  Wallenstein  (1632),  283; 
battle  of  (1639),  291;  taken  by  Fred- 
erick the  Great  (1744),  330;  siege 
and  battle  of  (i757),  9,  245,  18,  335; 
Czech  museum  founded,  17,  341; 
popular  uprising  in  (1848),  364,  366; 
internal  improvements  in,  414 

Prague,    Diets    of:    (1432),    17,    136; 

(1433),  137 

Prague,  Treaties  of: 

1635.  Concluded  between  Ferdi- 
nand II  and  the  Elector  of  Sax- 
ony, 18,  288 
1866.  Concluded  between  Prussia 
and  Austria,  16,  275,  17,  392,  18, 
412 

Prague,  University  of:  founded,  17, 
115,  18,  192;  given  to  the  Jesuits,  17, 
208 

Prairie  State,  The:  see  Illinois 

Pratt  (19th  century),  United  States 
consul  at  Singapore:  his  negotia- 
tions with  the  Filipinos,  20,  315 

Pratt,  Charles,  Earl  of  Camden 
(1714-1794),  English  jurist;  deci- 
sions of,  11,  507;  quoted  on  colonial 
rights,  23,  214 

Pratt,  John  Jeffreys,  Marquis  of  Cam- 
den (1759-1840),  lord-lieutenant  of 
Ireland:   administration   of,   12,   204 

Pratteln,  Switzerland:  battles  of 
(1445),  13,  402;  (1833),  13,  541 

Pravadi,  Bulgaria:  surrender  of  (1389), 
14,  34;  siege  of  (1829),  15,  284 

Prazak  (19th  century),  Moravian  dep- 
uty: made  minister  of  justice,  17, 
427 

Preachers,  Friars,  religious  order: 
founded,   11,   133 

Precy,  Francois  Perrin,  Count  of 
(1742-1820),  French  soldier:  ap- 
pointed to  command  the  insurrec- 
tionists of  Lyons,  10,  269 


Premonstratensian  Order,  religious  or- 
der: in  Switzerland,  13,  355 

Premysl  of  Stadice  (ca.  8th  century 
A.  D.),  ruler  of  Bohemia:  sketch 
of,  17,  29 

Premysl  Otokar  I,  King  of  Bohemia, 
1 198-1230:  reign  of,  17,  67 

Premysl  Otokar  (Premislas  Ottocar) 
II,  King  of  Bohemia,  1253-1278:  at 
war  with  Hungary,  17,  59;  revolts 
against  his  father,  71;  reign  of,  71 

Prendergast,    Sir    Harry    North    Dal- 

rymple  (1834 ),  English  soldier: 

his  campaign  in  Burma,  5,  266 

Prendergast,  Maurice  (12th  century), 
Irish  adventurer:  his  career  in  Ire- 
land, 12,  49 

Prentiss,  Benjamin  Mayberry  (1819- 
1901),  American  soldier:  at  battle 
of  Pittsburg  Landing,  24,  747 

Prentiss,  Seargent  Smith  (1808-1850), 
American  orator:  makes  campaign 
speeches   (1840),  24,  523 

Presburg,  Hungary:  battle  of  (907  A. 
D.),  17.  43;  taken  by  the  Bohemians, 
74;  siege  of  (1683),  230;  occupied  by 
the  French,  334;  taken  by  Wind- 
ischgratz  (1848),  371 

Presburg,  Diets  of:  (1435),  17,  156; 
(1825-1829),  337 

Presburg,  Treaties  of: 

1491.  Concluded  between  Frederick 
III  of  Germany  and  Hungary, 
18,  219 
1619.  Concluded  between  the 
Czechs,  Hungarians,  and  Transyl- 
vanians  against  the  House  of  Aus- 
tria, 17,  205 
1805.  Concluded  between  France 
and  Austria,  4,  347,  9,  326,  10. 
415,  11,  557,  14,  395,  17,  294,  18, 
367 

Presbyterians,  religious  sect:  tolerated 
in  Virginia,  23,  67;  attitude  of  James 
I  toward,  83;  persecuted  in  Virgi- 
nia, 149;  divide  into  Northern  and 
Southern  Wings,  24,  604 

Presbytery,  The  Apostle  of:  see  Knox, 
John 

Prescott,  Richard  (1725-1788),  British 
soldier:  exchanged,  23,  263 


GENERAL    INDEX 


569 


Prescott,  William  (1726-1795),  Amer- 
ican soldier:  at  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill,  23,  232 

"President,"  American  war  vessel: 
captures  the  frigate  "  Little  Belt," 
23,  416 

President  of  the  American  Confed- 
eracy: term  of  office,  24,  695 

President  of  the  United  States:  elec- 
tion and  powers,  23,  332;  election 
of  first,  340;  official  title,  346;  sal- 
ar}%  346;  nomination  by  Congres- 
sional caucus  abandoned,  460 

Presidential  Succession  Law,  a  meas- 
ure of  fixing  the  order  of  succession 
to  the  presidency  of  the  United 
States    (1886),   24,   953 

President-Maker:  see  Weed,  Thurlow 

Presque  Isle  (Erie),  Pennsylvania: 
founded,  23,   170 

Press  and  Printing: 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  censorship 
rigid  (1815),  17,  320,  329;  in  the  19th 
century,   351,   368 

ENGLAND:  Caxton's  press,  11,231 
238;    newspapers    in    1700,    15,    34 
"Christian  Year"   (1827),  11,  611 
FRANCE:    Press    acts    of    1818,    9, 
37i>   378,    382;    suppression   of   free- 
dom   of    the    press    (1826),    9,    385; 
(1830),  390,  (1834),  404;  Act  of  Sup- 
pression (1868),  457 
GERMANY:    invention    by    Guten- 
berg (1436),  4,  285,  13,  61,  18,  220; 
press  restricted  (1819),   18,  394;  in- 
terest in  Africa,  19,  91 
INDIA:      Vernacular      Press      Act 
(1878),  s,  255 

IRELAND:  "The  Nation"  (1842), 
12,  226,  230;  "  The  United  Irish- 
man," 231 

MEXICO:  Annals  (1877),  22,  95; 
Letters  of  Cortez  (1770),  209;  po- 
litical paper  printed  (1782),  213 
RUSSIA:  under  Peter,  15,  86;  news- 
papers in  the  late  18th  century,  194 
SCOTLAND:  in  the  16th  century, 
12,  301 

SWITZERLAND:     at     Basle,     13, 
428;   political   newspapers,   515 
UNITED  STATES:  in  the  colonies, 
23,   143 


Pressburg:  see  Presburg 

Prester  John  or  Priest  John,  mythical 
emperor  believed  in  the  Middle 
Ages  to  have  had  dominions  in  Af- 
rica or  Asia:  Covilhao  visits  the 
court  of,  20,  39 

Preston,  England:  battle  of  (1648), 
12,  341 

Preston,  Colonel  (17th  century),  Irish 
commander:  joins  the  Catholic  party 
in  Ireland,  12,  119 

Preston  Pans,  Scotland:  battle  of  (or 
battle  of  Pinkey)  (1745),  11,  487, 
12,  367 

Pretender,  The  Old  (James  Francis 
Edward  Stuart)  (1688-1766),  son  of 
James  II  of  England:  attempts  to 
restore,  11,  451,  12,  362,  15,  66 

Pretender,  The  Young  (Charles  Ed- 
ward Louis  Philip  Casimir)  (1720- 
1788),  pretender  to  the  British 
throne:  attempts  to  win  the  throne, 
11,  487,  12,  ^66 

Pretextatus,  Vettius  (ca.  6th  century 
A.  D.),  Roman  senator:  leader  of 
Roman  sentiment,  4,  131 

Pretor,  ancient  Roman  magistrates: 
length  of  term  of  office  extended,  3, 
236 

Pretoria,  South  Africa:  named,  20, 
227;  occupied  by  the  British 
(1900),  233 

Pretorius,  Matthias  Wessels  (1827- 
1901),  South  African  Boer  states- 
man: his  administration,  20,  227 

Prevesa,  Turkey:  battle  of  (1538),  14, 
163 

Prevost,  Augustine  (18th  century), 
British  general:  devastates  South 
Carolina,  23,  272 

Prevost,  Sir  George  (1767-1816),  Brit- 
ish soldier:  governor  of  Canada,  20, 
154 

Pribylov  Islands,  Alaska:  sealing  in- 
dustry of,  24,  878;  in  seal  fisheries 
dispute,  979 

Price,  Admiral  (19th  century),  Rus- 
sian military  officer:  suicide  of,  15, 
310 

Price,  Sterling  (1809-1867),  American 
soldier:  in  the  Mexican  War,  22, 
303;  in  Missouri   campaign,   24,   740; 


570 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


at  battle  of  Corinth,  774;  attacked 
by  Rosecrans  at  Iuka,  774 

Prideaux,  General  (18th  century), 
English  general:  killed  at  the  bom- 
bardment of  Fort  Niagara,  23,   192 

Pride's  Purge  (1648),  II,  360 

Priestly,  Joseph  (1733-1804),  English 
philosopher,  chemist,  and  theolo- 
gian: supports  suggestion  to  exile 
Louis  XVI  to  the  United  States, 
10,  235  note 

Priests,  The  Dissentient,  in  France: 
banished,  10,  395;  allowed  to  con- 
duct their  worship  on  taking  an 
oath  of  obedience,  446 

Priests,  The  Prince  of:  see  Henry  V, 
King  of  England 

Prieto,  Joaquin  (19th  century),  South 
American  general:  leads  the  Oppo- 
sition party  in  Chili,  31,  216;  presi- 
dent of  Chili,  217;  retires  from 
power,  218 

Prigg  vs.  Pennsylvania,  a  case  brought 
before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United   States,   24,    581,   600 

Prignano,  Bartholomew:  see  Urban 
VI 

Prim,  Juan  (1814-1870),  Spanish  gen- 
eral: opposes  regency  of  Espartero, 
8,  500;  joins  revolutionists,  508; 
made  minister  of  war  in  provisional 
government,  510 

Primogeniture,  Law  of,  a  law  of  in- 
heritance: abolished  by  Jefferson, 
23,  383 

Primrose,  Archibald  Philip:  see  Rose- 
bery,  Earl  of 

Primus,  Marcus  Antonius  (1st  century 
A.  D.),  Roman  general:  at  battle 
of  Bedriacum,  4,  72 

Prince  Edward  Island,  Canada:  ad- 
mitted to  Canadian  union,  20,  168 

Prince  Florizel:  see  George  IV,  King 
of  England 

Prince  of  Peace,  The:  see  Godoy, 
Manuel  de 

Prince  of  Priests,  The:  see  Henry  V, 
King  of  England 

Prince  Tite:  see  George  II,  King  of 
England 

Princes  in  the  Tower,  sons  of  Edward 

v.    IV  of  England:  murder  of,  11,  221 


Princeton,  New  Jersey:  battle  of 
(1777),  11,  s  16,  23,  249 

Princeton  University,  New  Jersey: 
founded,  23,  141;  pillaged  by  Howe's 
army,  249;  graduates  of,  in  Consti- 
tutional Convention,  323 

Principe,  Portuguese  island  off  the 
west  coast  of  Africa:  sketch  of,  19, 
213;  description  of,  20,  298 

Pring,  Martin  (1580-1626),  English 
navigator:  explores  New  England 
coast,  23,  54 

Prinsep,  Sir  Henry  Thoby  (1792- 
1878),  English  orientalist:  retires 
from  office,  5,  273 

Printing:  see  Press  and  Printing 

Priscillianists :  heresy  of,  8,  31 

Pritchard  Case,  The  (1842),  9,  422 

Prithwi  Raja  (12th  century),  Prince 
of  Delhi,  India:  legend  of  his 
daughter's  marriage,  5,  94;  defeated 
by  Mohammed  of  Ghor,  95 

Privateers:  Davis  calls  for,  24,  723 

Privernum,  Italy:  siege  of  (329  B.  C), 
3,  68 

Probouleumata:  in  Athenian  constitu- 
tion, 2,  147 

Probus,  Marius  Aurelius  (ca.  235-282 
A.  D.),  Roman  Emperor:  reign  of, 
2,  525,  4,  in;  policy  of,  18,  29 

Procida,  John  of  (ca.  1225-1302),  Ital- 
ian conspirator:  leads  conspiracy 
against  Charles  of  Anjou,  9,  85 

Procles,  mythical  Grecian  colonist: 
leads  Ionic  settlement  in  Samos,  2, 
55 

Procopius,  Andrew,  the  Great  (d. 
1434),  Hussite  leader:  leads  Hussite 
army,  17,  134;  succeeds  Ziska,  18, 
209;  death  of,  17,   138,   18,  211 

Procopius  the  Little  (15th  century), 
Hussite  leader:  leads  the  Orphans, 
18,  209;  death  of,  211 

Procter,  Redfield  (1831 ),  Amer- 
ican statesman:  reports  conditions 
existing  in  Cuba,  24,  1024 

Proctor,  Henry  R.  (1765-1859),  Brit- 
ish general:  at  the  battle  of  River 
Raisin,  23,  424 

Programme  of  the  International  Con- 
ference of  American  Republics  at 
Rio  de  Janeiro  (1906),  21,  277 


GENERAL    INDEX 


571 


Progress  of  a  Century,  24,  1086 

Progressives,  a  party  of  the  Prussian 
legislature:  description  of,  18,  434 

Prohibition  Party,  American  political 
division:  first  organized,  24,  909; 
nominates  Neal  Dow  (1880),  930; 
nominates  J.  P.  St.  John  (1884),  945; 
in  election  of  1888,  966;  nominates 
John  Bidwell  for  president  (1892), 
991;  nominates  Rev.  Dr.  Swallow 
(1904),  1067 

Property  Qualification  Act,  a  bill  lim- 
iting representation  in  the  House 
of  Commons  (1711):  account  of,  11, 
465 

Prophet,  The  (19th  century),  Amer- 
ican Indian  chief:  mentioned,  23, 
416 

Proprietary  Colony,  the  colony  in 
which  supreme  authority  was  vested 
in  a  proprietor  or  proprietaries,  who 
received  a  grant  of  land  from  the 
king  in  the  nature  of  a  feudatory 
principality,  23,    114 

Propylaea,  entrance  halls  of  the 
Acropolis:  held  by  Pericles,  2,  255 

Proserpine:  see  Persephone 

Prosorovski  (late  17th  century),  Rus- 
sian statesman:  sent  to  England 
(1687),  15,  2y 

Protection:  versus  free  trade,  23,  456; 
where  favored,  456;  loses  hold  on 
South,  457;  recommended  by  con- 
vention of  manufacturers  at  Harris- 
burg,  472;  in  respect  to  raw  mate- 
rials, 473;  retained  in  tariff  revision 
(1883),  24,  939;  Democratic  faction 
favors,  963 

Protestant  Boys,  an  Irish  Presbyte- 
rian association  in  the  18th  cen- 
tury, 12,  196 

Protestant  Pope,  The:  see  Clement 
XIV,  Pope 

Protestant  Union,  The,  a  confedera- 
tion of  the  Protestants  of  southern 
Germany:  formed,  18,  265 

Protestants:  origin  of,  18,  246;  de- 
clared eligible  for  all  civil  and  mili- 
tary offices  in  France,  10,  115  note 

Providence  Plantations:  formation  of, 
23,  94;  see  also  Rhode  Island 

Provincial  List,  The,  in   French   his- 


tory, a  list  of  names  from  which 
candidates  were  to  be  selected,  10, 
433 

Provisions,  Statute  of:  enacted  (1351), 
II,   168;  reenacted   (1390),    183 

Provisions  of  Oxford:  see  Oxford, 
Provisions  of 

Prussia,  a  kingdom  of  central  Eu- 
rope: basis  of,  18,  145;  rise  of,  17, 
240,  18,  317;  growth  of,  14,  318;  in 
agreement  of  the  Dardanelles,  14, 
437;  campaign  against,  10,  470;  com- 
mercial treaty  with  United  States, 
23,  347;  joins  with  Russia,  320,  322; 
in  the  War  of  the  Austrian  Succes- 
sion, 18,  334;  joins  Triple  Alliance 
(1788),  360;  in  Holy  Alliance,  14, 
411;  concludes  treaty  with  Japan, 
7,  189 

Pruth,  river  between  Austria-Hungary 
and  Russia:  battle  of  the  (171 1), 
15,  59 

Pruth,  Treaty  of  the,  a  peace  between 
Turkey  and  Russia  (171 1),  14,  280, 
15,  61,  16,  221 

Prynne,  William  (1600-1669),  English 
Puritan  politician:  opposes  Laud,  11, 
331;  tried  before  the  Star  Chamber, 
333 

Prytames,  a  division  of  the  Athenian 
year:  in  Athenian  constitution,  2, 
147 

Psammetikhos  (Psamtik)  I  (7th  cen- 
tury B.  C),  King  of  Egypt:  reign 
of,  1,  31;  employs  Greek  merce- 
naries, 2,  87 

Psammetikhos  II  (6th  century  B.  C), 
King  of  Egypt,  594-588  B.  C:  reign 
of,  1,  32;  defeated  by  Cambyses,  2, 
127 

Psammetikhos  III  (d.  525  B.  C), 
King  of  Egypt:  reign  of,  1,  32 

Pskov,  Russia:  defended  by  Shereme- 
tiev,  15,  41 

Psyttaleia,  Island  off  the  coast  of 
Greece:  mentioned,  2,  201 

Ptolemaeus  Ceraunus  (3rd  century  B. 
G),  Egyptian  prince:  seizes  Mace- 
donian throne,  2,  515 

Ptolemaeus  Claudius  (ca.  105-160  A. 
D.),  Greek  geographer  of  Egyptian 
birth:   his   theory  of  the   extent   of 


572 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Asia,  23,  23;  his  knowledge  of  Af- 
rica, 19,  9 

Ptolemaeus  I  (Sotor  or  Lagi),  Greek 
King  of  Egypt,  323-283  B.  C:  reign 
of,  1,  31;  shares  Alexander's  em- 
pire, 2,  512 

Ptolemaeus  II  (Ptolemy  Philadelphia) 
(309-247  B.  C.)>  Egyptian  King  of 
Greek  blood:  orders  translation  of 
historical  works  into  Greek,  1,  10; 
reign  of,  34 

Ptolemaeus  III  (Euergetes),  King  of 
Egypt,  247-222   B.   C.:   reign  of,    X, 

34 
Ptolemaeus  IV  (Philopator),  King  of 
Egypt,   222-205   B.   C.:   reign  of,   I, 

34 

Ptolemaeus  V  (Epiphanes),  King  of 
Egypt,  205-181  B.  C:  at  war  with 
Antiochus  of  Syria,  1,  404;  war  with 
Macedon,  3,  139 

Ptolemaeus  VII  (Philometer),  King 
of  Egypt,  181-146  B.  C.:  reign  of, 
1,  34 

Ptolemaeus  XII  (Alexander  II),  King 
of  Egypt,  81-80  B.  C. :  reign  of,  I, 
34 

Ptolemaeus  XIII  (Auletes),  King  of 
Egypt,  81-51  B.  C. :  deposed  and 
restored,  3,  277 

Ptolemaeus  XIV  (Dionysius)  (61-48 
B.  C.)i  consort  of  Cleopatra  and 
King  of  Egypt,  51-48  B.  C:  reign 
of,  1,  34,  3,  351 

Ptolemaeus  XVI:  see  Caesarion 

Ptolemy:  see  Ptolemaeus 

P'u  Chun  (b.  1891),  Chinese  prince: 
nominated   heir-apparent,   6,   295 

Public  Debt,  United  States:  payment 
°f,  23,  348;  in  Republican  platform 
(1868),  24,  858;  Grant  urges  sound 
money  payment  of,  861 

Public  Good,  League  of  the,  a  union 
of  the  nobles  of  France  against 
Louis  XI  (1465):  account  of,  9, 
122 

Public  Lands,  in  the  United  States: 
Foote's  resolution  affecting  sale  of, 
23,  489;  proceeds  from  sales  dis- 
tributed among  States,  24,  529 

Public  Office:  views  of  Adams  on  po- 
litical removals  from,  23,  475;  eligi- 


bility restrictions  removed,  480;  in- 
creased number  made  elective,  480; 
clamor  for,  at  Jackson's  accession, 
481;  Jackson's  "spoils  system,"  481; 
see  also  Civil  Service  Reform 

Public  Schools:  see  Schools,  Public 
and  Education 

Publilian  Law,  a  law  granting  an  as- 
sembly to  the  Plebs,  passed  (471  B. 
C.) :  account  of,  3,  43 

Publilius,  Volero,  Roman  statesman, 
tribune  of  the  people,  472  B.  C: 
establishes  the  comitia  tributa,  3, 
43 

Pucelle,  La:  see  Jeanne  d'Arc 

Puebla,  Mexico:  siege  of  (1847),  22, 
372;  battles  of  (1862),  384;  (1863), 
387;   (1867),  398 

Pueblo  Indians,  North  American 
tribe:  description,  23,  10;  famous 
for  their  jewelry  and  wood-carving, 
14;  pottery  among,  15;  skillful  in 
textile  work,  15 

Puente,  South  America:  battle  of 
(1816),  ai,  65 

Puerto  Cabello,  South  America:  taken 
by  the  revolutionists  (1823),  21, 
73 

Puerto  Carrero,  Hernandez  de  (16th 
century),  Spanish  adventurer:  joins 
Cortez,  22,  10 

Puerto  Rico:  see  Porto  Rico 

Pufendorf,  Samuel  von  (1 632-1 694), 
German  jurist:  his  estimate  of  the 
Holy  Roman  Empire,  18,  297 

Puga,  Vasco  de  (16th  century),  Span- 
ish statesman:  appointed  to  the 
government   of   Mexico,   22,   126 

Pugatchev,  Emelian  (1726-1775),  a 
Cossack  rebel  and  impostor;  ac- 
count of  rebellion,  14,  338,  344,  15, 
166;  execution  of,  15,  170 

Pugh,  George  E.  (19th  century), 
American  statesman:  resents  atti- 
tude of  Southern  Democrats,  24, 
679 

Puiraveau  (19th  century),  French 
statesman:  his  relation  to  the  revo- 
lution of  1830,  9,  391 

Puisaye,  Joseph  Genevieve,  Marquis 
de  (1754-1827),  a  French  royalist 
general;  joins  allied  forces,  9,  294; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


573 


his  conduct  in  the  Vendean  War, 
10,  350 

Pu-lan-tien,  Manchuria,  China:  cap- 
tured by  the  Japanese,  7,  310 

Pulaski,  Count  Casimir  (1 747-1 779), 
Polish  officer:  his  services  to  Amer- 
ica, 23,  269;  death,  272 

Pulgar,  Venancio  (19th  century), 
South  American  insurgent:  leads 
rebellion,  21,  102 

Pulicat,  India:  settled,  5,   154 

Pullman  Car  Strike,  in  the  United 
States,  24,  1002 

Pullus,  Lucius  Junius,  Roman  consul, 
249  B.   C:  commands   Roman  fleet, 

3,  104 
Pultava:  see  Poltava 
Pulteney,     William,     Earl     of     Bath 

(1682-1764),  English  politician:  leads 
Parliamentary  faction,  11,  478;  cre- 
ated Earl  of  Bath,  484 

Pultowa:  see  Poltava 

Pultusk,  Russian  Poland:  battle  of 
(1806),  9,  329 

Punic  War,  the  First  (264-241  B.  C.) : 
causes,  3,  99;  battle  of  Mylae  (260 
B.  C.)»  101;  Regulus  invades  Africa, 
101;  battle  of  Panormus  (251  B.  C.)» 
103;  Lilybaeum  captured  (249  B.  C), 
103;  Hamilcar  Barca  in  Sicily,  104; 
results,  105 

Punic  War,  The  Second  (218-201  B. 
C.) :  causes,  3,  111;  Hannibal  invades 
Italy,  114;  battle  of  Trasimene  (217 
B.  C),  118;  battle  of  Cannae  (216 
B.  C),  120;  Syracuse  taken  by  Mar- 
cellus  (212  B.  C),  124;  battles  of 
Metaurus  (207  B.  C),  128;  Zama 
(202  B.  C),  130;  terms  of  peace,  130 

Punic  War,  The  Third  (149-146  B.  C): 
causes,  3,  163;  Carthage  destroyed 
(146  B.  C),  165;  results,  165 

Punitz,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1704),  16, 
217 

Punjab,  India:  conquest  of,  by  Darius, 
1,  165;  annexed  to  British  posses- 
sions, 5,  226;  Land  Alienation  Act 
in  the,  5,  282 

Punjab  Wars:  see  Sikh  Wars 

Puno,  South  America:  supports  Vi- 
vanco,  21,  196 


Punta  Arenas,  South  America:  growth 
of,  21,  242 

Purana,  The  Vishnu,  a  division  of 
Hindu  sacred  literature:  description 
of,  5,  83 

Pure  Food  Law,  National:  see  Na- 
tional Pure  Food  Law 

"Puritan,"  American  war-ship:  placed 
in  commission,  24,   1008 

Puritans,  English  and  American  re- 
ligious sect:  founded,  II,  301;  be- 
liefs of,  286;  strength  of,  in  Eng- 
land, 23,  64;  bigotry  of,  in  Maryland, 
72;  withdraw  from  Church  of  Eng- 
land, 83;  in  Portsmouth,  95;  end  of 
absolute  dominion  of,  101;  perse- 
cuted in  Virginia,  149 

Purry,  John  (early  16th  century), 
Swiss  colonist:  sketch  of,  20,   112 

Purrysburg,  between  Carolina  and 
Georgia:  founded,  20,   112 

Pursley  (early  19th  century),  Amer- 
ican traveler:  explorations  of,  20, 
130 

Purtsi,  Sweden:  battle  of   (1700),   15, 

39 

Pusey,  Edward  Bouverie  (1800-1882), 
English  clergyman:  teachings  of, 
11,  611 

Pushkin,  Alexander  Sergeivitch  (1799- 
1837),  Russian  poet:  his  story  of 
Mazeppa,  15,  47;  collecting  mate- 
rial for  his  history,  171;  his  praise 
of  the  Crimea,  183;  sketch  of,  203, 
269;  in  the  plot  of  the  Dekabrists, 
272 

Putnam,  Israel,  an  American  general 
of  the  Revolution:  born  at  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  January  7,  1718;  in 
1739  he  married  and  moved  to 
Pomfret,  Connecticut;  distinguished 
himself  in  the  French  war,  was  cap- 
tured by  the  Indians  near  Ticon- 
deroga,  1758,  and  was  only  saved 
from  being  burned  alive  by  a  French 
officer;  served  at  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill  and  for  his  bravery  and  skill 
was  made  a  major-general  in  1775; 
was  appointed  commander  of  the 
army  of  the  Highlands  in  New 
York,   1777;  superintended  the  con- 


574 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


struction  of  the  fortifications  at 
West  Point;  died  at  Brooklyn, 
Conn.,  May  19,  1790 

Serves  in  expedition  against  Ti- 
conderoga,  23,  189;  joins  troops  at 
Boston,  228;  appointed  major-gen- 
eral, 231;  in  battle  of  Long  Island, 

243 
Putnam,  Rufus  (1738-1824),  American 

general:   organizes   Ohio   Company, 

23,     318;     plans     government     for 

Northwest  Territory,  318 
Puttkamer,   Robert   Victor   von    (late 

19th  century),  German  explorer:  his 

mission  to  the  Niger,  19,  157 
Puy  (early  19th  century),  Spanish  sol- 
dier: sketch  of,  21,  62 
Puyredon  (early  19th  century),  South 

American  statesman:  holds  supreme 

power  in  the  republic  of  La  Plata, 

91,  70 
Puzur-Ashur    (15th    century    B.    C), 

King    of    Assyria:    negotiates    with 

Babylonia,  1,  78 
Pydna,  Macedon:  taken  by  Philip,  2, 

459;  battle  of,  2,  519,  3,  150 
Pygmalion    (Pumelion)    (9th    century 

B.   C),  King  of  Tyre:   reign  of,   1, 

123 
Pylos,    Messenia,    Greece:   bay   of,   2, 

17;    Athenians    at,   301;    fighting   at, 

302 
Pym,      John       (1 584-1643),      English 

statesman:    leader    of    the    popular 

party,  11,  327,  336;  impeached,  343; 

death  of,  348 
Pyramids,  Africa:  battle  of  the  (1798), 

1,   37,   8,   483,   9,   309,    10,   409,   11, 

549,  14,  380 
Pyrenees,  mountains  between  France 

and  Spain:  battles  of  (1813),  8,  531 
Pyrenees,  Peace  of  the,  a  treaty  be- 
tween France  and  Spain   (1659),  8, 

379,  465,  9,  207,  13,  232 


Pyrgi,  Italy:  captured  by  Syracusans, 

3,  57 

Pyrrhus,  King  of  Epirus,  son  of  King 
^Eacides  and  Phthia:  born  about  318 
B.  C;  was  expelled  by  the  Epirotes 
at  age  of  seventeen  and  then  joined 
the  army  of  Demetrius;  distin- 
guished himself  in  battle  of  Ipsus, 
301  B.  C;  raised  a  small  army,  en- 
tered Epirus,  and  obtained  the 
throne,  295  B.  C;  in  291  B.  C.  waged 
war  against  Demetrius;  in  287  be- 
came King  of  Macedonia,  but  soon 
lost  it  to  Lysimachus;  defeated  the 
Romans  on  the  river  Siris  in  280 
B.  C,  and  won  at  Asculum  in  279; 
remained  two  years  in  Sicily  and 
gained  some  victories  but  failed  to 
conquer  the  island;  renewed  war 
against  the  Romans  and  was  de- 
feated; retired  from  Italy  to  Epirus 
in  274  B.  C;  invaded  Macedonia,  of 
which  he  soon  became  master;  en- 
gaged in  war  against  the  Spartans 
but  was  repulsed;  killed  in  battle  in 
Argos,  in  272  B.  C. 

Becomes  king  of  Epirus,  2,  515; 
becomes  king  of  Sicily,  516;  forms 
alliance  with  Tarentum,  3,  76;  early 
history,  76;  lands  in  Italy,  77;  leaves 
Italy,  79;  success  in  Sicily,  80;  death, 
80 

Pythagoras  (582-500  B.  C),  Greek 
philosopher  and  mathematician:  his 
theory  of  a   spherical   earth,  23,   22 

Pytheas  (2nd  half  of  4th  century  B. 
C),  a  Greek  navigator  and  astrono- 
mer: visits  Britain,  11,  5;  his  ac- 
count of  the  north,  16,  3,  297 

Pytheas:  finds  the  Germans  on  the 
Baltic  Sea,  18,  3 

Pythonicus  (5th  century  B.  C),  Athe- 
nian citizen:  accuses  Alcibiades,  2, 
332 


Q 


Quadi,  a  German  tribe:  location  of, 
18,  6;  settled  "  Deserta  Boiorum," 
17,  12;  besiege  Aquileia,  18,  26;  re- 
pulsed by  the  Romans  (356  A.  D.), 

17,  15 

Quadratus    (2nd    century    A.    D.),   an 
early  Christian  bishop:  attempts  to 
convert  Hadrian  to  Christianity,  4, 
92 
Quadruple   Alliances: 

1718.  A  league  against  Spain  form- 
ed by  Great  Britain,  France,  Aus- 
tria, and  the  Netherlands,  8,  406, 
9,  228,  11,  472,  13,  253,  18,  320 
1834.  A  league  formed  against  the 
usurper  Don  Miguel  of  Portugal 
and  Don  Carlos  of  Spain,  8,  497, 

9,  403 

Quakers,  a  religious  sect:  visit  Peter 
the  Great  in  England,  15,  34;  at- 
tracted to  Maryland,  23,  "]2\  perse- 
cutions of,  in  Salem  colony,  90;  per- 
secution of,  prohibited,  99;  purchase 
New  Jersey,  109;  characteristics  of, 
no;  oppose  slavery  in  Pennsylvania, 
130;  persecuted  in  New  England, 
147;  not  given  suffrage  in  Massa- 
chusetts or  Plymouth,  148;  not  tol- 
erated in  New  York,  148;  perse- 
cuted in  Virginia,  149;  petition  Con- 
gress against  slavery,  34,  572 

Quarantine  Law,  National:  see  Na- 
tional Quarantine  Law 

Quartering  Act,  a  law  compelling  Mas- 
sachusetts towns  to  furnish  quarters 
for  British  troops  (1774):  passed, 
23,  221 

Quasdanovitch  (late  18th  century),  an 
Austrian  soldier:  his  campaign 
against  the  French,  9,  299 

Quatre  Bras,  Belgium:  battle  (1815), 
8,  487,  532,  9,  362,  II,  568,  13,  287, 

18,  389 


Quebec,  Canada,  called  The  Gibraltar 
of  The  New  World:  founded,  20, 
63,  82,  23,  50;  slow  growth  of,  23, 
51;  plan  to  capture,  158;  in  French 
claims,  168;  taken  by  the  English 
(1759),  9,  246,  11,  500,  20,  118,  23, 
193;  French  attempt  to  recapture, 
197;  attacked  by  Montgomery  and 
Arnold,  235;  meeting  of  the  Joint 
High  Commission,  24,  1021 

Quebec,  Hero   of:   see  Wolfe,  James 

Quebec,  Province  of,  a  province  of 
the  Dominion  of  Canada:  created, 
20,  167;  election  of  1878,  171;  elec- 
tion of  1891,  172;  election  of  1896, 
173 

Quebec  Act,  a  parliamentary  measure 
designed  to  prevent  Quebec  from 
uniting  with  the  other  colonies 
(1774):  passed,  20,  151,  23,  221 

Quebec  Convention,  The,  a  conven- 
tion to  consider  the  union  of  the 
Canadian  provinces    (1864),  20,   165 

Quedlinburg,  Prussia:  founded,  18, 
106 

Queen,  Nine  Days':  see  Grey,  Lady 
Jane 

Queen,  The  Merchant:  see  Venice 

Queen,  The  Ocean's:  see  England 

Queen,  The  Snow:  see  Christina, 
Queen  of  Sweden 

Queen,  The  White:  see  Mary  Queen 
of  Scots 

Queen  Anne's  War,  a  war  in  the 
United  States  against  the  French 
and  Indians  (1702-1713):  origin, 
23,  160;  Indians  attack  Deerfield, 
160;  Port  Royal  taken  by  English, 
161;  failure  of  expedition  on  Quebec, 
162;  Treaty  of  Utrecht  and  terms, 
162 

Queen  Dick:  see  Cromwell,   Richard 

Queen   Elizabeth's   Forehead,   a   part 


575 


576 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


of  the  coast  of  North  America,  dis- 
covered by  Frobisher  in  1576: 
named,  16,  301 

Queen  of  Hearts,  The:  see  Elizabeth, 
Queen  of  Bohemia 

Queen  of  Tears,  The:  see  Mary  of 
Modena,  wife  of  James  II  of  Eng- 
land 

Queen  of  the  Adriatic,  The:  see  Ven- 
ice 

Queen  of  the  Antilles,  The:  see  Cuba 

Queen  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago, 
The:  see  Java 

Queen  of  the  Euxine,  The:  see  Sebas- 
topol 

Queen  of  the  Mediterranean,  The:  see 
Carthage 

Queen  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  The: 
see  St.  Louis 

Queen  of  the  North,  The:  see  Edin- 
burgh 

Queen  of  the  Northern  Seas,  The:  see 
Elizabeth,  Queen  of  England 

Queen  of  the  Sea,  The:  see  Tyre 

Queensberry,  Duke  of  (early  18th  cen- 
tury), an  English  statesman:  pro- 
motes union  of  Scotland  and  Eng- 
land, 12,  356 

Queensland,  a  British  colony  in  Aus- 
tralia: created,  20,  196;  ratifies  the 
new  Constitution  (1899),  206 

Queenston  (Queenstown),  Ontario, 
Canada:  battle  of  (1812),  20,  154, 
23,  421 

Queretaro,  Mexico:  description  of,  22, 
396 

Quesada,  Gonzales  Ximenes  de  (ca. 
1498-1576),  the  conqueror  of  New 
Granada:  explorations  of,  21,  21 

Quesnay,  Frangois  (1 694-1 774),  a 
French  political  economist  and  phy- 
sician:  sketch  of,   10,    14 

Quesnoy  (early  17th  century),  a  Flem- 
ish architect:  sketch  of,  13,  220 

Questors,  Roman  civil  officers:  made 
state  officers,  3,  31 

Quetta,  Baluchistan,  Africa:  sold  to 
the  English,  19,  36 

Quetzalcoath  (Quetzalcohuatl),  a 
Mexican  god,  23,  39 

Quetzaltenango,  Guatemala,  Central 
America:  battle  of  (1524),  22,  429 


Queue:  probable  origin  of,  6,  45; 
abolishment  of,  proposed,  291 

Quia  Emptores,  a  statute  of  Edward 
I  forbidding  subinfeudation  in  Eng- 
land (1290),  11,  145 

Quiberon,  France:  descent  upon,  by 
the  English  and  the  emigrants,  10, 
35i 

Quiberon  Bay,  a  small  arm  of  the 
Bay  of  Biscay:  battle  of  (1759),  II, 
501 

Quieroz,  Eusebio  de  (19th  century), 
Brazilian  minister:  his  efforts 
against  slave  trade,  21,  248 

Quinctius,  Lucius  (1st  century  B.  C), 
a  Roman  statesman:  supports 
measures  proposed  against  the  pi- 
rates, 3,  270 

Quincy,  Josiah  (I744-I775),  an  Amer- 
ican lawyer  and  patriot:  defends 
soldiers  accused  of  Boston  Mas- 
sacre, 23,  217 

Quincy,  Josiah  (1772-1864),  an  Amer- 
ican statesman:  condemns  War  of 
1812,  23,  431;  quoted,  459;  suggests 
secession,  24,  568 

Quinette  (early  19th  century),  a 
French  statesman:  member  of  pro- 
visional government,  9,  365 

Quinones  (d.  1521),  a  Mexican  sol- 
dier: sent  as  ambassador  to  Spain, 
22,  63 

Quinsan:  see  Kunshan 

Quintana,  Miguel  (d.  1906),  President 
of  Argentine  Republic,  1904-1906: 
his  presidency,  21,  257 

Quinze-vingts,  a  faction  in  the  French 
Revolution:  threaten  insurrections 
unless  the  king  is  dethroned,  10, 
189 

Quirites,  citizens  of  ancient  Rome: 
origin  of  name,  3,  14 

Quiroga  (d.  1835),  Argentine  insur- 
gent officer:  opposes  Rivodavia,  21, 
121;  death  of,  124 

Quiroga,  General  (19th  century), 
Spanish  insurgent:  mentioned,  8, 
492 

Quiroga,  Vasso  de  (16th  century), 
Spanish  diplomat:  made  member  of 
the  audiencia,  22,   107 

Quitman,  John  Anthony   (1799-1858), 


GENERAL    INDEX 


577 


an  American  politician  and  general: 
in  the  Mexican  War,  22,  334;  favors 
secession  of  the  South,  24,  611; 
plans  invasion  of  Cuba,  643 
Quito,  Ecuador:  destroyed  by  the 
Spaniards  (1533),  31,  21;  battle  of 
(1546),  27;  made  part  of  New  Gra- 
nada, 20,  104;  rebels  against  Spain 


(1809),  21,  ss;  description  of,  106; 
insurrection  in  (1864),  114 

Quivara,  a  fictitious  country  north  of 
Mexico:  search  for,  22,  112 

Quo  Warranto,  Writ  of,  writs  issued 
by  England  in  order  to  bring  the 
American  colonies  more  directly  un- 
der royal  control;  used,  23,  115 


R 


Raab,  Austria-Hungary:  battle  of 
(1809),  9,  336,  17,  336;  taken  by 
Windischgratz    (1848),    15,   302,    17, 

371 

Raamses:  see  Zoan 

Rabah  (19th  century),  African  soldier: 
conquests  of,  19,  167 

Rabaud-Saint-Etienne  (18th  century), 
French  Protestant  minister:  speaks 
in  behalf  of  Louis  XVI,  9,  281 

Raby,  Germany:  siege  of  (1420),  18, 
208 

Rachis,  King  of  Italy,  8th  century 
A.  D.:  reign  of,  4,   172 

Raco,  Turkey:  taken  by  Sigis- 
mund,  14,  40 

Radagaesus  (Radagast)  (d.  406  A.  D.), 
leader  of  army  of  Vandals  and  other 
tribes:  invades  Italy,  4,  138,  18,  38 

Radagast:  see  Radagaesus 

Radbod  (Ratbod)  (d.  179  A.  D.),  King 
of  the  Frisons:  power  of,  13,  14 

Radbod  (Ratbod)  King  of  the  Pri- 
sons, 697-719  A.  D.:  power  of,  13, 
14;  his  campaign  against  Karl  Mar- 
tel,  18,  70 

Radcliffe,  Charles  (18th  century), 
Scotch  rebel  under  the  "  Young  Pre- 
tender": death  of,  12,  369 

Radetzky,  Joseph  Wenzel,  Count 
(1766-1858),  Austrian  field-marshal: 
his  campaign  in  Bohemia,  17,  307; 
in  Italy,  17,  367,  18,  402 

Radhi,  Mohammedan  caliph,  934-940 
A.  D.:  reign  of,  1,  365 

Radistchev  (d.  1802),  Russian  official: 
account  of,   15,    195 

Radulf  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Duke  of 
Thuringia:  defeats  the  Franks,  18, 
66 

Radziwill,  Prince  (19th  century),  Pol- 
ish commander:  his  campaign 
against  Russia,  15,  222;  in  the  Pol- 
ish insurrection,  293 


Rae,  John  (1813-1893),  British  trav- 
eler: explorations  of,  16,  309 

Raffles,  Thomas  Stamford  (1781- 
1826),  English  naturalist  and  admin- 
istrator: administers  Java,  5,  205; 
takes  possession  of  Singapore,  20, 
251;  English  governor  of  the 
Dutch  East  Indies,  290 

Ragatz,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1446), 
13,  402 

Raghib  Pasha  (d.  1763),  Grand  Vizier 
of  Turkey:  account  of,  14,  318 

Raghuba  (18th  century),  Indian  poli- 
tician: claims  Maratha  throne,  5, 
136,  192 

Raghuji  Bhonsla  (18th  century),  In- 
dian soldier:  invades  Bengal,  5,  133 

Raghu-vansa,  Indian  god:  description 
of,  5,  53 

Raginfried  (Regenfried)  (8th  century 
A.  D.),  Mayor  of  the  Palace:  acces- 
sion of,  9,  36;  his  campaign  against 
Karl  Martel,  18,  70 

Raglan,  Fitzroy  James  Henry  Som- 
erset, Baron  (1788-1855),  British 
soldier,  called  The  Invisible  Com- 
mander: in  the  Crimean  War,  9, 
447,  11,  615,  14,  452,  15,  311;  death 
of,  14,  459,  15,  321 

Ragnachar  (d.  509  A.  D.),  Chief  of 
Therouanne:  death  of,  9,  21 

Ragnar  Lodbrok:  see  Regner  Lodbrog 

Ragusa,  Austria-Hungary:  siege  of 
(1813),  17,  309 

Ragwald  Jarl  (10th  century  A.  D.), 
Swedish  statesman:  won  to  the 
cause  of  peace,  16,  59 

Rahn,  Johann  Heinrich  (1646-1708), 
Swiss  historian:  sketch  of,  13,  482 

Rai  Sanyo  (19th  century),  Japanese 
writer:  influence  of,  7,   160 

Rail  Splitter,  The:  see  Lincoln,  Abra- 
ham 

Railroads  (Railways) :  opposed  by  Lit- 


578 


GENERAL    INDEX 


579 


erati  in  China,  6,  243;  destruction 
of,  in  China,  244;  foreign  construc- 
tion of,  in  China,  275;  attacks  on 
employees  of,  in  China,  299;  the  Si- 
berian Railroad,  308;  in  Russo-Jap- 
anese Treaty,  314;  in  Treaty  be- 
tween Japan  and  Turkey,  315;  con- 
cessions sought  by  foreigners  in 
China,  318,  319;  early  construction 
in  the  United  States,  23,  480;  effect 
on  settlement  of  western  United 
States,  24,  985;  Supreme  Court  de- 
cision respecting  merger,  972; 
Roosevelt  discusses  abuses  of,  1075; 
in  Switzerland  pass  into  the  control 
of  the  government,  13,  576 

Railway  Rate  Regulation  Bill,  an  act 
passed  by  the  United  States  Con- 
gress (1906),  24,  1082 

Rainucci  (16th  century),  Prince  of 
Parma:  claims  throne  of  Portugal, 
8,  448 

Rajputs  (Kshattrigas),  a  caste  of  In- 
dia: rise  of,  5,  43 

Rakoczy,  Francis  (1676-1735),  Prince 
of  Transylvania:  career  of,  17,  232 

Rakoczy,  George  (17th  century), 
Prince  of  Transylvania:  put  at  the 
head  of  the  comitats  of  the  north 
of  Transylvania,  17,  226;  elected, 
227;  reign  of,  227 

Rakoczy,  Sigismund  (17th  century), 
Prince  of  Transylvania:  elected,  17, 
224 

Rakos,  Diet  of  (1444),  17,  159 

Raleigh,  Sir  Walter,  English  navigator, 
author,  courtier,  and  commander: 
born  at  Hayes,  Devonshire,  Eng- 
land, in  1552;  studied  for  a  short 
time  at  Oriel  College,  Oxford,  and 
in  1569  joined  a  company  of  volun- 
teers and  fought  in  behalf  of  the 
Huguenots  in  France;  served  with 
distinction  against  the  Irish  insur- 
gents, 1580;  presented  himself  at 
court,  1582,  and  obtained  the  favor 
of  Elizabeth;  in  1584  obtained  a 
royal  patent  investing  him  with  am- 
ple powers  to  colonize  and  govern 
any  territories  he  might  acquire  in 
the  unoccupied  parts  of  North 
America;  an  exploring  party  in  his 


service  discovered,  in  1584,  a  re- 
gion to  which  the  queen  gave  the 
name  of  Virginia;  sent  out  in  1585 
a  body  of  colonists  who  unsuccess- 
fully attempted  to  settle  on  or  near 
Roanoke  Island;  renewed  the  enter- 
prise in  1587  but  this  colony  did  not 
prosper;  in  1589  transferred  his  pat- 
ent and  colonial  privileges  to  a  com- 
pany of  merchants;  the  introduc- 
tion of  tobacco  and  potatoes  into 
Europe  is  attributed  to  him;  in  1592, 
married  Elizabeth  Throgmorton, 
one  of  the  queen's  maids,  for  which 
he  was  imprisoned  for  two  months 
in  the  Tower  of  London;  forbidden 
to  be  present  at  court  he  sailed  from 
Plymouth,  February,  1595,  explored 
the  coasts  of  Guiana  and  ascended 
the  Orinoco  River  returning  to  Eng- 
land before  the  end  of  1595;  was  re- 
stored to  royal  favor  soon  after  his 
return  and  served  as  rear-admiral 
at  the  capture  of  Cadiz,  1596;  ap- 
pointed Captain  of  the  Guard  and 
Governor  of  Jersey,  1597;  accused 
of  complicity  in  Lord  Cobham's  trea- 
son, was  arrested  in  July,  1602,  and 
convicted  without  sufficient  proof; 
was  reprieved  and  confined  in  the 
Tower  where  he  remained  thirteen 
years  and  wrote  his  chief  work,  "  His- 
tory of  the  World  ";  in  1615  obtained 
his  release  by  bribery  and  by  an 
offer  to  open  a  mine  of  gold  in 
Guiana;  conducted  a  fleet  of  thirteen 
vessels  to  Guiana  in  1617  and  sent 
an  exploring  party  up  the  Orinoco, 
where  his  son  was  killed  at  Saint 
Thomas  in  a  fight  with  a  body  of 
Spaniards;  was  forced  to  return  to 
England  where  he  arrived  July,i6i8; 
was  soon  after  arrested,  and  im- 
prisoned for  his  conduct  in  Guiana; 
it  having  been  decided  by  the  judges 
that  the  sentence  of  death  passed 
in  1603  was  still  valid  he  was  exe- 
cuted at  the  palace  yard,  Westmin- 
ster, October  29,  1618 

Holds  a  monopoly  of  wine  in 
England,  20,  102;  receives  royal 
patent,  52;  his  attempts  at  coloniza- 


580 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


tion,  23,  53;  his  expeditions  to 
America,  20,  84;  lives  in  Ireland, 
12,  93;  his  expedition  to  South  Amer- 
ica, 30,  58,  31,  30;  at  the  capture 
of  Cadiz  (1596),  11,  298;  accused 
of  treason,  307;  his  expedition  to 
the  Wild  Coast,  20,  87;  death  of,  II, 
312,  21,  31,  23,  54 

Ralli  (ca.  1890),  Greek  politician:  in 
modern  politics  of  Greece,  2,  548 

Ralph  de  Diceto  (d.  1283),  English 
historian:    sketch  of,   1 1,   116 

Ralph  Warder  (nth  century),  Earl  of 
Norfolk:  leads  revolt  of  the  earls, 
11,  78 

Ram  Mohan  Rai,  Raja,  Indian  religious 
reformer:  teaching  of,  5,  87 

Ramabai,  Pandita  (living),  a  native 
missionary  in  India:  her  work  for 
Hindu  widows,  5,  272 

Ramanand  (14th  century),  religious 
teacher  of  India:  teachings  of,  5, 
84 

Ramanuja  (12th  century),  reformer  of 
India,  5.  83 

Ramayana,  Indian  epic,  5,  26,  52 

Rambouillet  Decree,  a  decree  issued 
by  Napoleon  against  the  United 
States  (1810):  issued,  23,  415 

Ramessu  I:  see  Ramses  I 

Ramillies  (Ramilies),  Belgium:  battle 
of  (1706),  8,  397,  9,  222,  11,  456,  13, 
250,  16,  218,  18,  314 

Ramirez,  Juan  (19th  century),  South 
American  general:  rebellion  of,  21, 
119 

Ramiro  I,  King  of  Aragon,  1035-1065: 
accession  of,  8,  140;  invades  Na- 
varre, 200;  reign  of,  231 

Ramiro  (II)  the  Monk,  King  of  Ara- 
gon, 1134-1137:  accession  of,  8,  202; 
reign  of,  235 

Ramiro  I,  King  of  Asturias  and  Leon, 
842-850  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8,  133 

Ramiro  II  (d.  950  A.  D.),  King  of 
Asturias  and  Leon,  930-950  A.  D. : 
reign  of,  8,  136 

Ramiro  III,  King  of  Asturias  and 
Leon,  967-983   A.    D.:    reign   of,   8, 

137 
Ramnes:  ancient  name  of  Romans,  3, 
9 


Ramon,  Domingo  (18th  century),  cap- 
tain of  the  Spaniards  in  Texas,  22, 
188 

Ramsay,  James  Andrew  Brown,  Earl 
of  Dalhousie:  see  Dalhousie,  James 
Andrew  Brown,  Earl  of 

Ramses  (Ramessu)  I,  King  of  Egypt, 
ca.  1365-ca.  1355  B.  C:  reign  of, 
i,  25 

Ramses  II  (Miamun  I)  King  of 
Egypt,  ca.  1345-ca.  1285  B.  C:  reign 
of,  1,  26;  at  war  with  the  Hittites, 
142 

Ramses  (Rhampsinitos)  III,  King  of 
Egypt,  ca.  1200-1179  B.  C:  reign  of, 
1,  28 

Ramses  IV,  King  of  Egypt,  12th  cen- 
tury B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  29 

Rand  (d.  1897),  English  sanitary  com- 
missioner in  India:  murder  of,  5, 
283 

Randall,  Samuel  Jackson  (1828-1890), 
American  statesman:  Speaker  of  the 
House,  24,  914;  leader  of  protective 
tariff  Democrats,  963 

Randolf,  Earl  of  Moray:  see  Moray, 
Randolf,  Earl  of 

Randolph,  Edmund  (d.  1813),  Amer- 
ican statesman:  his  plan  proposed 
to  Constitutional  Convention,  23, 
325;  quoted  on  the  determination 
of  the  members  of  the  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  333;  refuses  to 
sign  the  Constitution,  334;  favors 
adoption  of  Constitution,  336;  made 
Attorney-General,  344 

Randolph,  Edward  (17th  century), 
English  statesman:  sent  to  enforce 
Navigation  Acts,  23,  99 

Randolph,  John,  of  Roanoke,  Amer- 
ican statesman,  born  at  Cawsons, 
Chesterfield  Co.,  Virginia,  June  2, 
l773\  studied  law  at  Princeton  and 
Columbia  Colleges;  elected  to  Con- 
gress as  a  Democrat  in  1799;  re- 
elected with  the  exception  of  two 
terms  until  1825;  chairman  of  com- 
mittee of  ways  and  means,  1801; 
chief  manager  of  the  impeachment 
of  Judge  Chase,  1804;  prominent  as 
champion  of  State-rights  and  as  a 
partisan    of   Jefferson's    administra- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


581 


tion  until  1806;  opposed  the  elec- 
tion of  Madison  and  the  War  of 
1812;  defeated  in  election  of  1813, 
but  again  elected,  1814;  opposed  the 
Missouri  Compromise;  visited  Eng- 
land, 1822  and  1824;  in  United  States 
Senate,  1825-1827;  had  a  duel  with 
Henry  Clay,  April  8,  1826;  supported 
Jackson  in  the  election  of  1828;  ap- 
pointed minister  to  Russia,  1830;  but 
spent  most  of  his  time  in  London, 
returning,  1831;  again  elected  to 
Congress,  1832;  died  in  Philadelphia, 
June  24,  1833 

Quoted  on  Jefferson's  Embargo 
Act,  23,  410;  quoted  on  election  of 
J.  Q.  Adams  as  President,  465;  on 
"tariff  of  abominations,"  473;  op- 
poses slave  trade  in  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, 24,  570;  quoted  on  South- 
ern fear  of  negro  uprisings,  587 

Randolph,  Peyton  (1723-1775),  Amer- 
ican jurist  and  statesman:  gradu- 
ates from  College  of  William  and 
Mary,  23,  142;  delegate  to  First 
Continental  Congress,  223;  quoted 
on  slavery  in  Virginia,  24,  564 

Ran  jit  Singh  (Maha  Raja)  (1780- 
1839),  East  Indian  prince:  sketch 
of,  5,  220 

Rantzau,  Daniel  (d.  1569),  Danish  gen- 
eral: in  the  Seven  Years'  War,  16, 
162 

Rantzau,  Count  Johan  (1492-1565), 
German  general:  defeats  Christo- 
pher of  Oldenburg,  16,  194;  his  cam- 
paign in  Ditmarsh,  196 

Rantzau,  Josias,  Count  of  (1609- 
1650),  French  general:  defeated  at 
battle  of  Tuttlingen,  9,   199 

Rantzau-Ascheberg,  Schack  Karl, 
Count  (1717-1792),  Danish  general: 
his  relations  with  Struensee,  16, 
241 

Ranulf  de  Glanvile  (12th  century), 
English  general:  wins  battle  of  Aln- 
wick, 11,  108;  writes  first  English 
law-book,  115 

Raphael  Sanstius  (Rafaele  Sanzio) 
(1483-1520),  Italian  painter:  sketch 
of,  4,  209 

Raphia,    Asia    Minor:   battles   of    (ca. 


205   B.   C),  1,  34;    (ca.  701   B.  C), 
84;    (217   B.   C),  404 

Rapidan  River,  Virginia:  in  Wilder- 
ness campaign,  24,  787 

Rapino,  northern  Europe:  battle  of 
(1701),  15,  42 

Rappahannock  River,  Virginia:  cross- 
ed by  Hooker's  army,  24,  771;  di- 
vision line  of  Northern  and  South- 
ern armies,  782 

Rapperswil,  Switzerland:  siege  of 
(1656),  13,  476 

Raron,  Witschard,  Baron  von  (15th 
century),  Swiss  partisan:  invades 
Valois,  13,  393 

Rastatt  (Rastadt),  Germany:  battle  of 
(1796),  9,  299 

Rastatt,  Congress  of,  held  for  the  pur- 
pose of  arranging  questions  at  issue 
between     France    and    the     empire 
(1797-1799):  account  of,  13,  507,  18, 
■  362 

Rastatt,  Treaty  of,  peace  between 
France  and  Austria  (1714),  4,  330, 
9,  225,  18,  316 

Rastitz  (9th  century  A.  D.),  King  of 
the  Moravian  Slavonians:  conspir- 
acy of,  18,  96 

Rastiz:  see  Rostislav 

Rastopchin:  see  Rostoptchin 

Rastrelli  (18th  century),  Italian  ar- 
chitect: designs  Russian  palaces,  15, 
149 

Ra-talf:  see  Tat-ef-Ra 

Ratbert  of  Zurich  (9th  century  A.  D.), 
Swiss  historian:  sketch  of,  13,  343 

Ratisbon,  Germany:  battle  of  (1809), 
9,  335,  I7»  298;  see  also  Regens- 
burg 

Ratisbon,  Diets  of: 

1630-1631.  A  council  held  by  the 
Emperor  of  Germany  and  the 
King  of  France,  9,  187,  190,  18, 
277 
1640.  A  council  called  by  Ferdi- 
nand III  of  Germany,  18,  291 

Ratisbon,  Truce  of,  a  treaty  between 
France,  Germany,  and  Holland 
(1683):  account  of,  9,  212 

Rauraci,  Gallic  tribe:  join  migration 
of  Helvetii,  3,  301 

Rausimond  (4th  century  A.  D.),  King 


582 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


of  the  Sarmatians:  leads  his  people 

to  the  lower  Danube,  17,  15 
Rautifeld,      Switzerland:      battle      of 

(1352),  13,  376 
Ravaillac,  Francis  (1578-1610),  French 

fanatic:    assassinates    Henry    IV   of 

France,  9,  176 
Raven    Knight,    The:    see    Hunyadi, 

John 
Ravenna,   Italy:   siege  of   (491-493   A. 

D.),  2,  532,  4,  156:  battle  of  (1512), 

4,  293,  9,  134 
Rawdon,  Lord:  see  Hastings,  Francis 

Rawdon-Hastings,  Marquis  of 
Rawlinson,      Sir      Henry      Creswicke 

(1810-1895),      English      Orientalist: 

sketch  of,  5,  217 
Rayas,   Servian   leaders:   massacre  of, 

14,  389 

Rayevski  (early  19th  century),  Rus- 
sian   commander:    aids    Dokhtorov 

15,  244 

Raymond,  Mississippi:  battle  at 
(1863),  24,  776 

Raymond  IV  (Raymond  de  Saint- 
Gilles)  (1045-1 105),  Count  of  Tou- 
louse: leads  Crusade,  9,  70 

Raymond  VI  (1 156-1222),  Count  of 
Toulouse:  favors  the  reformers,  9, 
77 

Raymond  VII  (d.  1249),  Count  of 
Toulouse:  continues  the  war  against 
the  Pope,  9,  78 

Raymond  Roger  (d.  1208),  Viscount 
of  Beziers:  favors  the  reformers, 
9,  77 

Raymundo  I  (d.  1017),  Count  of  Bar- 
celona: reign   of,  8,  225 

Raymundo  II  (d.  1077),  Count  of  Bar- 
celona: reign  of,  8,  226 

Raymundo  (III)  the  Hairy  (nth  cen- 
tury), Count  of  Barcelona:  reign 
of,  8,  226 

Raymundo  IV  (d.  1131),  Count  of 
Barcelona:  reign  of,  8,  227 

Raymundo  (Raymond)  V  (d.  1162), 
Count  of  Barcelona:  concludes 
treaty  with  Alfonso  VII  of  Leon, 
8,  145;  at  war  with  Navarre,  202, 
203;  reign  of,  228;  becomes  king  of 
Aragon,  229,  235 


Rayon  (early  19th  century),  Mexican 
insurgent:  left  in  command  of  Sal- 
tillo,  22,  240 

Razuja,  Queen  of  Delhi,  1236-1240: 
reign  of,  5,  97 

Razumovski,  Count  Alexis  (late  18th 
century),  Russian  politician:  plots 
for  Catherine,  15,  155 

Razumovski,  Cyril  (18th  century), 
Cossack  leader:  his  quarrel  with 
Apraxin,  15,  145;  plots  for  Cathe- 
rine, 155 

Read,  George  (i733~i798),  American 
patriot:  delegate  to  first  Continental 
Congress,  23,  223 

Reading,  England:  siege  of  (1643),  11, 
345 

Reading,  Pennsylvania:  riots  at,  dur- 
ing railroad  strikes,  24,  919 

Reagan,  John  Henninger  (late  19th 
century),  American  statesman:  Con- 
federate Postmaster-General,  24, 
694:  fathers  bill  for  regulating 
freight  charges,  956 

Realm  of  St.  Stephen,  The:  see  Hun- 
gary 

Reay,  Lord  Donald  James  Mackay 
(1839 ),  Anglo-Indian  states- 
man: recalled  from  Bombay,  5,  273 

Rebellion  of  1641,  The,  in  Ireland:  ac- 
count of,  12,  114 

Rebellion  of  1798,  The,  in  Ireland:  ac- 
count of,  12,  209 

Rebellions:  see  Revolutions 

Rebmann  (19th  century),  African  ex- 
plorer: explorations  of,  19,  53; 
arouses  an  interest  in  Africa,  59 

Recared  I  (d.  601  A.  D.),  King  of  the 
Goths,  586-601  A.  D.:  his  campaign 
in  Gaul,  8,  42;  reign  of,  43 

Recared  II,  King  of  the  Goths,  621  A. 
D. :  reign  of,  8,  44 

Receswind,  King  of  the  Goths,  653- 
672  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8,  44 

Rechabites,  Jewish  religious  sect:  de- 
scription of,  1,  391 

Recif,  South  America:  founded,  20, 
105 

Recio,  Lope  (late  19th  century),  Cu- 
ban statesman:  chosen  governor  of 
Puerto  Principe,  22,  468 


GENERAL    INDEX 


583 


Recognition,  System  of,  the  original 
jury  system  in  England:  established 
by  Henry  II,  n,  103 

Reconstruction,  in  American  history, 
the  re-admitting  of  the  Southern 
Confederate  States  to  the  Union 
after  the  Civil  War:  Lincoln's  plan, 
24,  833;  Wade-Davis  Bill,  837;  de- 
bate in  Congress,  843;  first  Act  of, 
passed  (1866),  846;  denounced  in 
Democratic  platform  (1868),  860; 
aftermath  in  Grant's  administration, 
863;  effects  in  South,  864;  mistakes 
of,  summarized,  874 

Red  Cross  League,  a  league  by  which 
the  European  powers  bound  them- 
selves to  improve  the  condition  of 
soldiers  wounded  in  battle:  formed 
(1864),  13,  562 

Red  King,  The:  see  William  (II)  Ru- 
fus,  King  of  England;  also  Otto  II, 
Holy  Roman  Emperor 

Red  River,  a  river  of  the  United 
States:    as     Florida    boundary,    23, 

445 

Red  Stockings,  The  Little  Man  in: 
see  Leopold  I,  Holy  Roman  Em- 
peror 

Redcliffe,  Lord  Stratford  de:  see  Can- 
ning, Stratford 

Reding,  Alois  (1755-1818),  a  Swiss 
officer:  in  the  war  against  France, 
.  13,  514 

Reding,  Ital  (early  15th  century),  a 
Swiss  statesman:  sketch  of,  13,  398 

Redmond,  John   (1851 ),   an   Irish 

political  leader:  assumes  leadership 
of  Home  Rule  party,  12,  242 

Reduction,  the  right  to  "  draw  back " 
lands  under  the  royal  power: 
Charles  XIV  granted  the  right  of, 
16,  212 

Reed,  Thomas  Brackett  (1839-1902), 
an  American  politician:  enters  Con- 
gress, 34,  916;  chosen  Speaker  of 
House,  969;  his  war  on  dilatory  mo- 
tions in  House,  969;  candidate  for 
Presidential  nomination  (1896),  1012 

Reed,  Walter  (living),  United  States 
army  officer:  aids  in  stamping  out 
yellow-fever  in  Cuba,  20,  329 

Reed,  William  Brackett  (19th  century), 


American  diplomatist:  negotiates 
treaty  between  China  and  the  United 
States,   24,   919 

Referendum,  The,  a  method  of  legis- 
lation by  which  one  town  can  defeat 
an  objectionable  measure:  in  Rhode 
Island  charter,  23,  94;  introduced 
during  the  Jacksonian  epoch,  481;  in 
Kansas  election,  24,  662 

Reform  Bill,  in  English  history,  bills 
for  enlarging  the  number  of  voters 
in  elections  for  members  of  the 
House  of  Commons  (1831),  11,  587; 
(1868),  625 

Reform  Pope,  The:  see  Calvin,  John 

Reformation,  The,  a  religious  move- 
ment of  the  16th  century,  which 
led  to  the  establishment  of  Protes- 
tantism: in  Austria,  17,  177;  in  Den- 
mark, 16,  190,  203;  in  Germany, 
18,  233;  in  the  Netherlands,  8, 
356,  13,  54;  in  Norway,  16,  196; 
in  Poland,  15,  380;  in  Scotland,  12, 
311;  in  Sweden,  16,  155;  in  Switzer- 
land, 13,  431 

Reformation,  The  Michael  Angelo  of 
the:  see  Luther,  Martin 

Reformation,  The  Morning  Star  of: 
see  Wycliffe,  John 

Reformed  Church:  see  Calvinists 

Regenfried:  see  Raginfried 

Regensburg  (Ratisbon),  Peace  of,  a 
peace  between  Austria  and  the  For- 
est States  (i3S5),  13,  378 

Regent,  The  Good:  see  Murray,  James 
Stewart,  Earl  of 

Reggio  (Rhegium),  Italy:  battle  of 
(i860),  4,  379 

Regiment-du-roi,  a  regiment  in  the 
French  Revolution:  revolt  of,  10, 
125 

Reglament,  regulations  of  the  church, 
embodied  by  Peter  the  Great:  Eng- 
lish influence  on,  15,  35;  composi- 
tion of,  72;  publication  of,  73 

Regner  Lodbrog  (Ragnar  Lodbrok), 
a  legendary  King  of  Denmark,  9th 
century  A.  D.:  the  legend  of,  16, 
19 

Regnier,  Jean  Louis  Ebenezer  (1771- 
1814),  a  French  general:  commands 
the  Saxons,  15,  256 


584 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Regnier  of  Anjou  (close  of  14th  cen- 
tury), an  Italian  prince:  claims 
throne  of  Naples,  4,  262 

Regula,  Saint  (4th  century  A.  D.),  a 
Christian  martyr  in  Switzerland: 
death  of,  13,  334 

Regulating  Act,  a  statute  of  the  Eng- 
lish Parliament  (1773):  passed,  5, 
190,  11,  526,  23,  220;  impossible  of 
enforcement  in  Massachusetts,  23, 
226 

Regulus,  Gaius  Atilius  (d.  225?  B.  C), 
a  Roman  consul:  at  battle  of  Tela- 
mon,  3,  109 

Regulus,  Marcus  Atillius,  a  Roman 
general,  distinguished  in  the  first 
Punic  war;  consul  first  time  in  267 
B.  C.  and  second  time  in  256 
B.  C;  gained  a  naval  victory  over 
the  Carthaginians;  having  invaded 
Africa,  he  defeated  the  enemy  and 
advanced  nearly  to  Carthage;  he 
was  defeated  and  taken  prisoner  in 
255;  he  was  sent  to  Rome  to  nego- 
tiate a  peace,  on  condition  that  he 
should  return  if  the  Roman  senate 
should  reject  their  terms;  advised 
the  Senate  not  to  make  peace;  re- 
turned to  Carthage,  and  died  a  vic- 
tim to  the  cruelty  of  his  captors 

Defeated  by  Samnites,  3,  72;  joins 
fleet  for  invasion  of  Africa,   101 

Rehnskiold,  Carl  Gustaf,  Count  of 
(1651-1722),  a  Swedish  general:  at 
the  battle  of  Franstadt,  16,  217;  at 
Poltava,   15,  54,  16,  220 

Rehoboam,  King  of  Judah,  975-858  B. 
C:  reign  of,  1,  389 

Reichenbach,  Convention  of,  a  conven- 
tion which  settled  the  terms  of  the 
peace  between  Austria  and  Turkey 
(1790),  10,  133,  14,  360,  17,  276 

Reichenbach,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  of 
peace  between  Austria,  Russia,  and 
Prussia  (1813),  17,  307 

Reichshofen,   Battle    of:   see  Woerth 

Reichsrath,  The,  a  governmental  body 
in  Austria  (1867):  description  of 
17,  400 

Reid,  Whitelaw  (1837 ),  an  Ameri- 
can journalist  and  statesman:  nomi- 
nated for  Vice-President  (1892),  24, 


989;  member  of  Spanish- American 
peace  commission,  1031 

Reigen,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1663-1687: 
reign  of,  7,  132 

Reign  of  Terror,  in  France:  account 
of,  9,  285,  10,  265,  11,  542 

Reille,  Honore  Charles  Michel  Joseph, 
Count  (1775-1860),  a  French  mar- 
shal: at  battle  of  Waterloo,  9,  363 

Reims:  see  Rheims 

Reinar  von  Hagenau  (13th  century), 
an  Austrian  minnesinger:  sketch  of, 

17,  97 
Reinar  von  Zweter  (13th  century),  an 
Austrian  minnesinger:  sketch  of,  17, 

97 

Reinhard  (early  19th  century),  a  Swiss 
military  leader:  commands  Swiss 
forces,  13,  524 

Reinhard,  Martin  (early  16th  century), 
a  German  preacher:  preaches  in  Co- 
penhagen, 16,  190 

Reinhart,  Anna  (16th  century),  the 
wife  of  Ulrich  Zwingli:  marries 
Zwingli,  13,  435 

Reinsdorp  (18th  century),  a  Russian 
local  governor:  in  the  Pugatchev  in- 
surrection, 15,  168 

Reis  Effendi,  The,  an  office  in  the 
Turkish  government:  powers  of,  14, 
369 

Religion: 

CHRISTIANITY:  growth  of,  in 
Egypt,  I,  35;  in  Arabia  (7th  cen- 
tury), 187,  208,  209;  attempts  to  re- 
vive it  in  Africa,  323;  becomes  the 
Roman  state  religion,  2,  527,  4,  121; 
aided  by  diffusion  of  Greek  culture, 
2,  513;  established  by  Constantine, 
2,  524,  526,  4.  121;  progress  of, 
2,  527;  barbarians  accept,  529; 
spread  of,  538;  modern  Greece,  550; 
its  growing  importance  in  the  2nd 
century,  4,  97;  Edict  of  Milan  (313 
A.  D.),  118;  the  Arian  heresy,  4» 
121,  125,  157;  apostacy  under  Julian, 
127,  129;  growth  of  papal  power,  4, 
131,  171,  198,  9,  69,  11,  77,  18,  133; 
moulded  by  Pagan  rites,  4,  143; 
•relics  in  the  6th  century,  167;  Icon- 
oclastic movement,  4,  169,  13.  95 '» 
work  of  Savonarola,  4,  282;  the  work 


GENERAL    INDEX 


585 


of  Luther,  4,  300,  17,  150;  Papal 
Infallibility  (1870),  4,  393;  prog- 
ress of,  in  China,  6,  38;  attitude 
of  emperor  of  China  toward,  73, 
78,  80,  262;  agitation  against,  in 
China,  76;  murder  of  native  Chi- 
nese Christians,  304;  introduced  in- 
to Japan,  7,  105,  20,  96;  in  Japan 
(ca.  1600),  7,  115,  137;  Priscillian 
heresy,  8,  31;  introduced  into  Spain, 
32;  in  Spain  under  the  Goths,  56; 
"  Babylonian  Captivity "  of  the 
Church,  9,  88,  18,  198;  the  prag- 
matic sanction  (1438),  9,  119;  re- 
ligious liberty  decreed  in  Germany 
(IS55),  147;  Edict  of  Nantes  (1598), 
giving  religious  freedom  to  French 
Huguenots,  171;  doctrines  of  the 
Gallican  church  (1682),  213;  abolition 
of  Jesuit  Order  (1764),  247;  mon- 
astic system,  II,  29,  91;  Cluniac 
reforms,  77;  Orders  of  Friars,  132; 
Wycliffe,  172,  173,  188;  the  Great 
Schism  (1378),  11,  173,  17,  122;  the 
Reformation,  11,  244;  Protestantism 
in  England,  249;  separation  of  the 
English  from  the  Roman  Church, 
252,  262;  Zwingli's  doctrines,  259; 
Calvinism,  276;  Counter-Reforma- 
tion in  the  Church,  280;  Jesuits 
(1540),  281;  Puritans,  286,  327;  Sep- 
aratists in  England,  301;  Calvinism 
in  England,  326;  Dissenters  in 
England  (1662),  383;  Wesley,  493; 
Catholic  emancipation  in  England, 
585;  in  Ireland,  12,  199;  mon- 
astic clergy  in  Ireland,  32;  in  Scot- 
land, 252;  the  Reformation  in  Scot- 
land, 311;  Gomarists  and  Armin- 
ians,  13,  194;  Thirty  Years'  War 
between  Protestants  and  Catholics, 
13,  203,  462,  17,  204,  18,  268;  intro- 
duced into  Switzerland,  13,  334; 
Arian  heresy  among  the  Burgun- 
dians,  337;  Zwingli  in  Switzerland, 
433;  Calvin  in  Switzerland,  448: 
17th  century  theology  in  Switzer- 
land, 483;  protection  of  Christians 
in  Turkey,  14,  269,  340,  442,  470; 
Latin  Catholicism  and  Greek  Or- 
thodoxy, 14,  445,  15,  14,  22;  mas- 
sacre in  Syria,  14,  466;  revolt  of 
Christians    in    Turkey,    474;    condi- 


tions in  Armenia,  497;  adopted  in 
Russia,  15,  8;  Greek  Church  under 
Peter  of  Russia,  73;  conversion  of 
Poles,  18,  120;  Reformation  in  Po- 
land, 15,  378;  in  Scandinavia,  16, 
28;  its  struggles  with  Paganism  in 
the  north,  56;  Church  organized  in 
Scandinavia,  68;  Reformation  in 
Denmark,  195;  in  early  Austro-Hun- 
garian  territory,  17,  14;  affects 
Rome's  power  in  Austria-Hungary, 
IS;  introduced  among  the  Croats 
and  Servians,  22;  progress  of,  in 
Bohemia,  17,  30,  18,  99;  progress 
of,  in  Moravia,  17,  30;  the  Slav 
liturgy,  32;  adopted  by  the  Croats, 
37;  among  the   Magyars,  46;   Huss, 

17,  119,  18,  202;  University  of 
Prague  endorses  Huss,  17,  125;  the 
Hussite  Wars,  17,  125;  Zika,  17, 
127,  18,  207;  the  Reformation  in 
Austria-Hungary,  17,  178,  190,  197, 
221;  suppression  of  the  Jesuits,  260; 
Edict  of  Toleration  (1781),  in  Aus- 
tria, 266;  Goths  accept  Arian  creed, 

18,  32;  conversion  of  Clovis,  47; 
of  Longobards,  53;  of  Saxons,  80;  si- 
mony, 128;  influence  of  the  Crusades, 
172;  religious  orders  of  Knighthood 
established,  173;  Council  of  Con- 
stance (1414),  204;  the  Reformation, 
in  Germany,  233;  Zwingli,  246; 
growth  of  Protestantism  in  Ger- 
many, 254;  Jesuits  banished  from 
Germany  (1773),  351;  missions  in 
Africa,  19,  123,  187,  194;  Jesuit  mis- 
sions in  America,  20,  92,  312;  intro- 
duced in  the  South  Sea  Islands, 
130;  in  Madagascar,  279;  Jesuits  in 
Mexico,  22,  203,  23,  39;  Christianity 
among  Spanish  Indians,  23,  44; 
French  attempts  to  convert  Indians, 
51;  in  the  American  colonies,  67, 
71,  139,  145;  Pilgrims,  83;  religious 
freedom  granted  by  Carolina  char- 
ter, 76;  conflict  of  religions  in 
Carolina,  78;  disputes  regarding  re- 
ligion in  Salem  colony,  90;  freedom 
in  Rhode  Island,  94;  conversion  of 
New  England  Indians,  97;  religious 
liberty  insured  in  New  York,  105; 
as  a  requirement  for  civil  rights 
in  Penn's  colony,  111 


586 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


JUDAISM:  in  Arabia,  I,  203,  204, 
208;  in  Israel,  379,  400 
MOHAMMEDANISM:  main  treat- 
ment, 1,  209,  226,  252;  relations  to 
civil  law,  14,  89,  99,  135;  relations  to 
other  creeds,  104,  105,  471;  Sunnites 
and  Shiites,  122;  in  Africa,  19,  10,  12 
PAGANISM:  Egypt,  I,  41;  As- 
syria and  Babylonia,  96,  203;  Phoeni- 
cia, 1,  127,  2,  28;  Lydia,  147;  Persia, 
170,  203,  321;  Arabs  before  Mo- 
hammed, 200,  204;  Greece,  2,  38, 
3,  6;  Rome,  3,  6,  240,  394;  the  Etrus- 
cans, 25;  Druidism  in  Britain  and 
Gaul,  297;  Rome  under  Augustus,  4, 
33;  cosmopolitan  nature  at  Rome, 
104;  sun-worship  at  Emesa,  104; 
Rome  in  the  4th  century  A.  D.,  125, 
128;  its  decline  at  Rome,  133,  138, 
142;  worship  of  Odin  in  Lombardy, 
164;  primitive  races  in  India,  5,  26, 
30,  33;  early  Aryan  beliefs,  37;  Rig- 
Veda  in  India,  38;  Brahmanism,  43; 
Buddhism,  58,  76;  Hinduism,  77;  na- 
ture worship  in  Hinduism,  79;  Siva- 
worship  in  Hinduism,  81;  Vishnu- 
worship,  83;  Zoroastrianism,  2,  121, 
122,  5,  316;  rise  of  Babism,  5,  362; 
Confucius,  6,  9,  34;  Chinese  worship 
of  ancestors,  40;  Chinese  toleration, 
228;  Japanese,  7,  3;  Buddhism  in 
Japan,  16,  17,  32,  80;  Confucianism 
in  Japan,   17;   the  early   Celts,  8,  6, 

11,  6;  in  ancient  Gaul,  9,  6,  7;  of 
the   Norsemen,    11,   41;   in   Ireland, 

12,  16,  17;  in  Scandinavia,  16,  5,  9, 
36;  nature  worship  of  the  Slavs,  17, 
26;  Magyar  mythology,  44;  German 
mythology,  18,  9;  Aztec  gods,  22, 
27,  90;  American  Indian,  23,  9 

Religious  Peace,  Treaties  of,  two 
treaties  between  Charles  V  of  Ger- 
many and  the  Protestants  (1532), 
18,  249,  251;  (1555),  259 

Rembrandt  (Rembrandt  Hermanzoon 
van  Rijn  or  Ryn)  (1 607-1 669),  a 
Dutch  painter:  sketch  of,  13,  220 

Remedios,  Mexico:  siege  of  (1817), 
22,  250 

"Remember  the  Alamo,"  the  battle 
cry  of  the  Texans  in  the  war  with 
Mexico,  24,  534 


Remigius,  Saint  (5th  century)  Arch- 
bishop of  Rheims:  baptizes  Clovis, 

18,  59 

Remonstrants  (Arminians),  Protestant 
religious  sect:  acquire  their  name, 
13,  194 

Removals  from  Office,  in  United 
States  government:  power  granted 
to  President,  23,  345 

Remusat,  Count  Francois  Marie 
Charles  de  (1797-1875),  French  poli- 
tician and  writer:  opposes  the  de- 
crees of  July  25,  1830,  9,  390 

Renaissance  (Revival  of  Learning), 
name  applied  to  the  intellectual  and 
spiritual  movement  of  the  15th  and 
1 6th  centuries,  2,  538,  4,  279,  n, 
243,  14,  144,  23,  21 

Renaud,  Cecile  (d.  1794),  French  revo- 
lutionist: her  suspicious  visit  to 
Robespierre's  house,  10,  300;  her 
examination   and   fate,   300 

Renault,  French  partisan:  joins  con- 
spiracy against  Venice,  4,  315 

Rendon,  Senator  (19th  century), 
South  American  statesman:  candi- 
date for  president  of  Venezuela,  21, 
95 

Rene  of  Anjou  (1409-1480),  Duke  of 
Anjou  and  Lorraine,  King  of  Na- 
ples, Jerusalem,  and  Sicily  and  Count 
of  Provence:  requests  aid  from 
Charles  VII  of  France,  9,  118;  aban- 
donment of,  by  Louis  XI  of  France, 
124;  defeats  Charles  the  Rash,  9, 
124,  13,  48,  409;  recovers  his  land, 
18,  218;  death  of,  9,  125 

Rengg,  SwitKerland:  battle  of  the 
(1802),  13,  518 

Rengger,  Albrecht  (late  18th  century), 
Swiss  patriot:  upholds  revolutionary 
ideas,  13,  503;  service  of,  514 

Renichon,  Michael  (d.  1594),  Belgian 
assassin:  attempts  to  assassinate 
Maurice  of  Orange,  13,  161 

Reno,  Jesse  Lee  (1825-1862),  Ameri- 
can general:  death  of,  24,  765 

Reno,  Marcus  R.  (late  19th  century), 
American  general:  in  expedition 
against  Sitting  Bull,  24,  905 

Renselaer,  Stephen  van:  see  Van 
Renselaer,  Stephen 


GENERAL    INDEX 


587 


Renunciation,  Act  of,  bill  declaring 
Ireland's  right  to  be  bound  only  by 
the  laws  made  by  the  king  and  the 
Irish  Parliament  (1783):  account  of, 

12,  189 

Repartimiento,  The,  an  unfair  com- 
comercial  privilege  assumed  by  the 
Spanish  colonists  in  South  America: 
description  of,  31,  47;  abolition  of, 
52 

Repeal,  Act  of,  bill  by  which  England 
renounced  authority  over  Ireland 
(1782),  12,  188 

Repeal  Association,  an  Irish  society 
formed  with  the  object  of  having 
the  Act  of  Union  repealed   (1810), 

1 3,  22s 

Repnin,  Prince  Nicholas  (1734-1801), 
Russian  general  and  statesman:  in 
Poland,  15,  173;  his  campaigns  in 
Turkey,  177,  180,  186 

Representation,  of  the  several  states  of 
the  United  States:  settled  in  Con- 
stitutional convention,  23,  328 

Representatives,  House  of:  see  House 
of  Representatives 

Republican  Martyr,  The:  see  Marat, 
Jean  Paul 

Republican  Party  in  America:  origin, 
33,  356;  Jefferson,  leader  of,  370; 
prosecution  of,  under  Sedition  Act, 
377;  rise  from  old  Republican  party, 
434;  division  into  Democrats  and 
Whigs,  434;  changes  ground  with 
Federalists  on  bank  question,  439; 
becomes  Federalistic,  459;  national 
party  formed,  24,  519;  organized, 
644;  convention  at  Pittsburg,  653; 
denounces  Dred  Scott  decision,  660; 
gains  ground  in  North,  671;  national 
convention  at  Chicago  (i860),  680; 
divided  on  Emancipation  Proclama- 
tion, 768;  convention  at  Chicago 
(1868),  857;  Reconstruction  in 
South,  865;  division  of  radical  and 
conservative  in  South,  873;  liberal 
Republican  movement  formed,  889; 
convention  at  Philadelphia  (1872), 
892;  convention  at  Cincinnati  (1876), 
906;  convention  of  1880,  925;  loses 
vote   of  South,  932;   supports   Civil 


Service  Reform  Bill,  937;  concern- 
ing the  tariff  question,  939;  conven- 
tion at  Chicago  (1884),  942;  na- 
tional convention  of  1888,  965;  dem- 
onstrations over  success,  968;  con- 
vention at  Minneapolis  (1892),  989; 
convention  at  St.  Louis  (1896),  1012; 
convention  of  1900,  1038;  convention 
of  1904,  1062 

Republican  Party  in  France:  first  ap- 
pearance of,  10,  139;  alarm  of,  at 
the  increasing  power  of  Bonaparte, 
412;  proscription  put  in  force 
against,  432 

Republics,  French:  first  (1789-1804), 
9,  278;  second  (1848-1852),  435; 
third  (1870 ),  467 

Requesens,  Luis  Zuniga  y  (16th  cen- 
tury), Governor  of  the  Netherlands, 
IS73-I576:  appointed  governor,  13, 
115;  administration  of,  116;  death 
of,  120 

Resaca,  Georgia:  attack  at  (1864),  24, 
794 

Resaca  de  la  Palma,  Texas:  battle  of 
(1846),  22,  290,  24,  547 

Reseby,  John  (d.  1408),  Scotch 
scholar:  martyrdom  of,  12,  290 

Resenius  (17th  century),  Norse 
scholar:  services  of,  16,  8 

Reshid  Pasha  (early  19th  century), 
Grand  Vizier  of  Turkey:  in  Russo- 
Turkish  war,  14,  429;  quells  insur- 
rections, 433;  services  of,  439,  442; 
campaign  against  Russia,  15,  284; 
defeated  by  Ibrahim  Pasha,  290 

Resht,  Russia:  Russia  takes  possession 
of  (1722),  15,  79 

Resht,  Treaty  of,  peace  between  Per- 
sia and  Russia  (1733),  15,  117 

Restitution,  Edict  of,  a  decree  issued 
by  Ferdinand  II  of  Germany,  order- 
ing that  all  the  former  territory  of 
the  Catholic  Church  which  had  be- 
come Protestant  should  be  restored 
to  Catholic  hands  (1629):  issued, 
18,  276;  withdrawn,  294 

Restoration,  Society  of,  a  secret  com- 
mittee formed  in  Switzerland 
against  Napoleon  (1813),  13,  524 

Restoration,   The,   return   of   Charles 


588 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


II  to  the  throne  of  England:  ac- 
count of,  ii,  374;  effect  on  Ireland, 
13,  129;  effect  on  Virginia,  23,  64; 
accepted  by  Connecticut,  93;  effect 
on  the  Confederation,  97,  99 

Restorer  of  Cities,  The:  see  Sancho  I, 
King  of  Portugal 

Resumption  Act,  a  resolution  of  Con- 
gress that  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment  the  government  would  re- 
sume specie  payments  (1869),  24, 
898 

Rethel,  France:  battle  of  (1650),  9, 
203 

Reubel  (late  19th  century),  Alsatian 
jurist:  urges  war  against  Switzer- 
land,  13,  507 

Reunion  (Bourbon),  island  off  the 
African  coast:  sketch  of,  19,  213; 
occupied  by  the  French,  5,  170; 
French  policy  concerning,  20,  100; 
taken  by  the  English  (1810),  143; 
history  of,  279 

Reuterholm,  Gustaf  Adolf,  Baron  (late 
18th  century),  Swedish  statesman: 
promotes  a  Russian  alliance,  16,  250 

Reutern  (late  19th  century),  Russian 
statesman:  becomes  minister  of  fi- 
nance, 15,  324 

Reuti,   Flanders:   battle   of   (1552),   9, 

147 

Revel,  Russia:  attack  on  (1790),  15, 
188 

Revere,  Paul  (1735-1818),  American 
engraver  and  patriot:  rides  to  Lex- 
ington, 23,  226 

Revilla-Gigedo,  Francisco  Guernes  y 
Horcasitas,  viceroy  of  New  Spain, 
1746-1755:  administration  of,  22, 
196 

Revilla-Gigedo,  Count  Juan  Vicente 
Guemes  Pacheo,  viceroy  of  New 
Mexico,  1789-1794:  administration 
of,  22,  217 

Revolution,  Financier  of  the:  see 
Morris,  Robert 

Revolution,  The  American  (1775- 
1782):  account  of,  from  the  English 
point  of  view,  II,  513,  20,  127; 
causes,  23,  201,  210,  211,  212,  213, 
214,  217,  218,  219,  220,  221;  first  Con- 
tinental Congress  (1774),  222;  Lex- 


ington and  Concord,  227;  Ticondero- 
ga  and  Crown  Point,  228;  second 
Continental  Congress,  229;  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill,  231;  Washington  chos- 
en to  command  Continental  Army, 
230;  siege  of  Boston,  235;  Declara- 
tion of  Independence  signed  (1776), 
241;  battle  of  Long  Island,  243;  re- 
treat across  New  Jersey,  244;  battles 
of  Trenton,  248;  Princeton,  249;  Bur- 
goyne's  invasion,  251;  Brandywine, 
Germantown,  and  Valley  Forge,  257; 
British  occupy  Philadelphia,  259; 
Charles  Lee  and  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth, 262;  British  evacuate  Phila- 
delphia, 262;  French  Alliance,  265; 
British  success  in  the  South,  271; 
campaign  in  South  under  Gates,  274; 
Arnold's  treason,  275;  General 
Greene  in  the  South,  280;  surrender 
of  Yorktown  (1782),  285;  Treaty  of 
Peace  signed,  288;  naval  encounters, 
290;  compared  to  war  of  1812,  435; 
effect  on  the  question  of  slavery, 
24,  562;  results,  23,  298 

Revolution,  The  Belgian  (1815-1832): 
causes,  13,  291;  rising  at  Brussels 
(1830),  295;  Holland  separated  from 
Belgium  (1831),  301 

Revolution,  The  English,  struggle  for 
the  crown  of  England  between  Wil- 
liam of  Orange  and  James  II  (1688), 
9,  217,  11,  431,  12,  132 

Revolution,  The  French,  8,  482,  9,  251, 
«,  539,  18,  354,  20,  30,  136;  effects 
Washington's  second  administra- 
tion, 23,  357;  see  also  French  Revo- 
lution, History  of 

Revolution,  The  Swedish  (1520-1523): 
cause,  16,  150;  Gustaf  Eriksson  Vasa 
enters  Stockholm  (1523),  154;  result, 
155 

Revolution,  The  Swiss  (1798):  account 
of,  9,  306 

Revolution  in  the  Netherlands,  The 
(1566-1609):  causes,  13,  85;  surren- 
der of  Valenciennes  (1566),  13,  102; 
Alva  at  Brussels  (1567-1573),  104; 
Pacification  of  Ghent  (1576),  122; 
assassination  of  William  of  Orange 
(1584),  142;  expedition  of  Robert 
Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester,  150;  bat- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


589 


tie  of  Zutphen  (1586),  151;  death  of 
Philip  II  (1598),  164;  Truce  of  Ant- 
werp (1609),  186 

Revolution  of  1820,  Portuguese:  ac- 
count of,  8,  534 

Revolution  of  1820,  Spanish:  account 
of,  8,  493 

Revolution  of  1830,  The  French:  ac- 
count of,  9,  389;  influence  in  Ger- 
many,  18,  395 

Revolution  of  1854  in  Spain:  account 
of,  8,  503 

Revolutionary  Movement  of  1848,  The: 
in  France,  9,  415;  in  Austria,  17, 
361;  in  Germany,  18,  398 

Revolutions : 

1566-1580.     Netherlands  against 

Spain,  13,  85 
1640-1660.     In  England,  11,  340 
1688.     In   England,   9,  217,   11,  420, 

12,  132 
I775-I783.     American,     9,     254,     II, 

510,  514,  12,  180,  20,  127,  23,  201 
1789.     French,  4,  342,  9,  253,  10,  3, 
11,  539,  20,  136 

1810.  Argentine  Republic,  31,  57 

181 1.  Paraguay,  21,  69,  147 
1816.     Peru,  21,  70 
1820-1849.     Of   Italy,  4,  352 
1821-1829.     Greece      from     Turkish 

rule,  2,  542,  14,  411,  415,  505,  15, 
268 

1821.  Mexico,  22,  253 

1822.  Brazil,  21,  166 
1825.     Bolivia,  21,  182 
1825.     Chili,  21,  215 
1830.     In  France,  9,  389 
1830.     In  Belgium,  13,  295 

1830.  Uruguay,  21,   137 

1831.  Ecuador,  21,  108 

1848.     In  France,  9,  432,  13,  306,  14, 

444 
1848.     Hungary,  17,  368 
1848.     Germany,  18,  399 
1858.     Venezuela,  21,  96 
1865.     Peru,  21,  207 
1889.     Brazil,  21,  251 
Rewbell      (Reubell),     Jean      Baptiste 
(1746-1807),   French   republican  and 
Director:   elected  a  member  of  the 
Directory,  9,  296,  10,  361 


Rex,  head  of  Roman  republic:  power 
of,  3,  12 

Reyes,  Rafael,  president  of  Colombia, 

South   America,    1904 :    election 

of,  21,  245,  24,  1059;  sent  to  plead 
Colombian   cause,  24,    1060 

Reynafe,  General  (early  19th  century), 
Argentine  soldier:  death  of,  21,  124 

Reynier,  General:  see  Regnier,  Jean 
Louis  Ebenezer 

Reynolds,  John  Fulton  (1820-1863),  an 
American  soldier:  killed  at  Gettys- 
burg, 24,  779 

Reynolds,  Thomas  (late  18th  century), 
an  Irish  citizen:  betrays  plot  for 
rebellion,  12,  209 

Rezin  (d.  732  B.  C),  King  of  Damas- 
cus: defeated  by  Assyrians,  1,  83 

Rhaeti,  the  inhabitants  of  Rhaetia: 
come  in  contact  with  Roman  power, 
17,  11;  conquered  by  the  Romans, 
12 

Rhaetia,  an  ancient  Roman  province 
below  the  Danube:  invaded  by  the 
barbarians,  17,  14,  15;  recognizes 
the  authority  of  Theodosius,  16 

Rhampsinitos:  see  Ramses  III 

Rhegium,  an  ancient  city  of  Italy,  now 
Reggio:  Messenians  settle  in,  2,  73; 
founded,  84;  tyrants  of,  216;  at  war 
with  Syracuse,  299;  Athenians  at, 
333',  Roman  campaign  against,  3, 
99;   see  also  Reggio 

Rheims  (Reims),  France:  convention 
of  chiefs  held  at,  18,  24 

Rheinberg,  Belgium:  surrenders  to 
the  States-General,  13,  178 

Rheinbund:  see  Confederation  of  the 
Rhine 

Rhenish  Cities,  Union  of,  union  of 
Mayence,  Speyer,  Worms,  Strass- 
burg,  and  Basel,  18,  175 

Rhenish  Mission,  a  German  mission  in 
Africa:   work  of,   19,  94 

Rhett,  Robert  Barnwall  (1800-1876), 
an  American  politician:  opposes 
Slade  in  Congress,  24,  578 

Rhianus  (3rd  century  B.  C),  a  Greek 
poet:  epic  poet  of  Sparta,  2,  72,  74 

Rhigas  (18th  century),  a  Greek  poet: 
national  poet  of  Greece,  14,  413 


590 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Rhine,  Confederation  of  the:  see  Con- 
federation of  the  Rhine 

Rhode  Island,  called  Little  Rhody: 
founded,  23,  94;  receives  liberal 
charter,  94;  religious  freedom,  94, 
147;  condition  of  Jews,  I,  425; 
snubbed  by  New  England  Confed- 
eration, 23,  96;  favored  after  Resto- 
ration, 99;  colonial  government,  114; 
evades  Sugar  Act,  135;  rum  trade 
(1750),  135;  educational  growth,  140; 
franchise  denied  Catholics,  148; 
colonial  suffrage  laws,  148;  jealousy 
of  Connecticut,  164;  The  Gaspee  Af- 
fair, 218;  opposes  amendment  to 
Articles  of  Confederation,  313;  suf- 
fers from  paper  currency  craze,  314; 
appoints  delegates  for  Annapolis 
convention,  322;  refuses  to  send 
delegates  to  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion, 323;  ratifies  the  Constitution, 
338;  attitude  toward  War  of  1812, 
431;  in  Hartford  convention,  431;  re- 
bellion of  1841,  24,  530;  meas- 
ures toward  abolition  of  slav- 
ery adopted,  564;  abolition  societies 
formed,  571;  state  election  of  1855, 
646;  Presidential  election  of  1892, 
992 

Rhodes,  an  island  in  the  ^Egean  Sea: 
Greek  colonization  of,  2,  56;  revolts 
from  Athens,  353;  joins  naval 
league,  429;  engages  in  Social  War, 
454;  conquered  by  Mausolus,  455; 
maritime  importance  of,  513;  De- 
metrius repulsed  at,  514;  the  cham- 
pion of  Greek  cities,  3,  138;  becomes 
subject  to  Rome,  150;  conquered  by 
the  Saracens,  1,  289;  occupied  by 
Order  of  St.  John,  2,  536;  siege  of 
(1480),  14,  85;  campaign  of  Sulei- 
man against,  136,  148 

Rhodes,  Cecil  John,  South  African 
statesman  and  promoter:  born  at 
Bishop-Strotford,  England,  July  5, 
1853;  going  to  Natal  for  his  health 
became  interested  in  diamond  min- 
ing and  in  time  gained  a  controlling 
interest  in  the  Kimberley  mines;  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Assembly  at 
Cape  Town  and  entered  the  ministry 


there  in  1884;  prime  minister  of 
Cape  Colony,  1890-1896,  when  he  re- 
signed; secured  in  1889  a  charter  for 
the  British  South  Africa  Company; 
in  1893  conducted  the  war  in 
Bechuanaland  and  in  1896  put  down 
a  formidable  rising  of  the  Mata- 
beles;  his  policy  was  to  develop  a 
federal  South  African  dominion  un- 
der British  control,  and  to  build  a 
continuous  railway  from  Cairo  to 
Cape  Town;  was  at  Kimberley  dur- 
ing its  siege  in  1899  by  the  Boers; 
died  in  Cape  Town,  March  26,  1902 
Sketch  of,  19,  222;  refuses  to  rec- 
ognize Boer  claims  in  Bechuanaland, 
214;  organizes  British  South  Africa 
Company,  20,  230;  attempts  to 
create  a  British  protective  tariff  in 
South  Africa,  19,  233;  crushes  Mata- 
bele  rebellion,  243;  responsible  for 
the  Jameson  Raid,  20,  231;  death  of, 
19,  283 

Rhodes,  Colossus  of,  a  statue  on  the 
island  of  Rhodes,  one  of  the  seven 
wonders  of  the  world:  description 
of,  1,  289 

Rhodesia,  a  local  name  for  British 
Zambesia:  sketch  of,  20,  260;  de- 
velopment of,  19,  243 

Rhodia:  see  Rosas 

Rhumberg,  Germany:  battle  of  (1760), 
9,  246 

Rhyming  Chronicle,  a  Scandinavian 
historical  document:  quoted,  16,  109 

Riall,  Sir  Phinehas  or  Phineas  (1775- 
1851),  an  English  major-general:  in 
the  War  of  1812,  23,  426 

Rib-Addi  (15th  century  B.  C),  an 
early  Phoenician  prince:  at  war  with 
Aziru,  1,   122 

Ribas,  Felix  (d.  1814),  a  Venezuelan 
soldier:  aids  Bolivar,  21,  60;  death 
of,  63 

Ribaut  (Ribault),  Jean  (ca.  1520-1565), 
a  French  navigator;  attempts  to 
plant  colony  in  Carolina,  23,  47 

Ribbing,  Count  Adolf  Ludwig  (1764- 
1843),  a  Swedish  conspirator:  plots 
the  assassination  of  Gustavus,  16, 
249 


GENERAL    INDEX 


591 


Ribeaupierre  (early  19th  century),  a 
Russian  statesman:  negotiations  of, 
15,  274 

Ribeiro,  Juan  (d.  1817),  a  Brazilian 
priest  and  insurgent:  in  the  rebel- 
lion of  Pernambuco,  31,  164 

Ribera  (19th  century),  a  Uruguayan 
military  leader:  expels  Oribe  from 
Uruguay,  31,   125;  rebellion  of,   139 

Riberos  (late  19th  century),  a  Chilian 
naval  officer:  given  command  of 
Chilian  fleet,  31,  235 

Ribeyro  (19th  century),  a  Peruvian 
statesman:  policy  of,  toward  Spain, 
3i,  203 

Ricci,  Matteo  (1552-1610),  an  Italian 
Jesuit  missionary  in  China:  his  la- 
bors in  China,  6,  34 

Rice:  introduced  into  the  Carolinas, 
30,  78;  rice  industry  in  South  Caro- 
lina, 23,  137 

Rice,  Spring  (early  19th  century),  an 
English  government  official:  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Exchequer,  11,  597 

Rich,  Edmund  (ca.  1 175-1240),  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury:  leads  oppo- 
sition against  Peter  des  Roches,  11 
132 

Rich  Mountain,  West  Virginia,  U.  S. 
A.:  battle  of  (1861),  34,  733 

Richard  (I)  Cceur  de  Lion,  King  of 
.England,  1189-1199,  called  Dickon 
of  the  Broom:  born  at  Oxford, 
England,  September  8,  1157;  was  in- 
vested with  the  Duchy  of  Aqui- 
taine,  1169;  joined  his  brother 
Henry  and  Louis  of  France  in  a  re- 
volt against  his  father,  1173;  became 
heir-apparent  on  the  death  of  Prince 
Henry,  1183;  was  again  in  revolt 
against  his  father,  1189;  succeeded 
to  the  English  throne,  the  Duchy  of 
Normandy,  and  the  County  of  An- 
jou,  1 189;  joined  the  Third  Crusade, 
1190;  conquered  Cyprus  and  married 
Berengaria,  Princess  of  Navarre,  at 
Cyprus,  1 191;  was  at  the  siege  of 
Acre,  and  defeated  the  Saracens  at 
Arsuf,  1 191;  having  concluded  a 
truce  with  Saladin  for  three  years, 
three  months,  three  weeks,  three 
days,  he  sailed  homeward,  October, 


1 192,  but  was  wrecked  on  the  coast 
of  Istria;  attempting  to  pass 
through  Germany  in  disguise,  he 
was  arrested  by  Leopold  of  Aus- 
tria, confined  in  a  dungeon,  and  sub- 
jected to  many  insults  until  Febru- 
ary, 1 194,  when  he  obtained  his  lib- 
erty by  paying  a  large  ransom;  was 
mortally  wounded  by  an  arrow  at 
the  siege  of  the  castle  of  one  of  his 
vassals  near  Limoges,  March,  1199; 
died,  April  6,  1199 

Given  possession  of  Aquitaine, 
11,  109;  accession  of,  9,  75;  releases 
Scottish  king  from  homage,  12,  266; 
joins  crusaders,  9,  75,  11,  no,  18, 
155;  rebels  against  Henry  II,  11, 
no;  reign  of,  112;  persecutes  the 
Jews,  I,  419;  marries  Berengaria  of 
Navarre,  8,  203;  imprisoned  by  Leo- 
pold V  of  Austria,  11,  113,  17,  92, 
18,  156;  death,  11,  115 

Richard  II  (1366-1400),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1377-1399:  accession  of,  9,  105, 
IX>  173;  recognized  as  heir  to 
throne,  11,  172;  reign  of,  173;  mar- 
ries Anne  of  Bohemia,  11,  180,  17, 
117;  aids  Flemings,  9,  107;  condition 
of  Ireland  under,  12,  67;  made  lord 
lieutenant  of  Ireland,  69;  his  rela- 
tions with  Scotland,  286;  contempo- 
rary of  Murad  I  of  Turkey,  14,  33; 
statute  of,  restricting  exports,  23, 
66;  appointment  of  commissioners 
of  regency,  11,  181;  restored  to 
power,  182;  marries  Isabella  of 
France,  183;  foreign  policy,  183; 
despotism  of,  184;  visits  Ireland, 
185;  abdicates,  186;  imprisoned,  187; 
death  of,  191;  his  body  transferred 
to  Westminster,  196 

Richard  III,  King  of  England,  1483- 
1485,  son  of  Richard,  Duke  of  York 
and  brother  of  Edward  IV,  was 
known  as  the  Duke  of  Gloucester 
until  his  accession:  was  born  at 
Fotheringay  Castle  in  Northamp- 
tonshire, October  2,  1452;  took  part 
in  battle  of  Tewkesbury,  1471;  in 
1472  married  Lady  Anne  Nevil, 
daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick; 
about    the    end    of    June,    1483,    he 


592 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


openly  usurped  the  royal  power; 
soon  after  he  ordered  Edward  V 
and  his  brother  to  be  put  to  death  in 
the  Tower;  was  slain  in  the  battle 
of  Bosworth  by  the  Earl  of  Rich- 
mond (afterward  Henry  VII),  Au- 
gust  22,    I48S 

Created  Duke  of  Gloucester,  11, 
214;  character,  219;  acknowledged 
Protector,  219;  feud  with  the  Wood- 
villes,  219;  reign  of,  220 

Richard,  Earl  of  Cornwall:  see  Plan- 
tagenet,  Richard 

Richard,  Duke  of  Gloucester:  see 
Richard  III,  King  of  England 

Richard  (I)  The  Fearless,  Duke  of 
Normandy,  942-996:  accession  of, 
9,  56;  Harald  Blaatand  aids,  16,  30 

Richard  (II)  The  Good,  Duke  of 
Normandy,  996-1027:  forms  alliance 
with  yEthelred  the  Unready,  11,  58 

Richard  the  Marshal  (d.  1234),  Earl 
Pembroke:  leader  of  the  barons 
against  Henry  III,  11,  131 

Richard  Strongbow:  see  Clare,  Rich- 
ard de 

Richardson,  Sir  John  (1787-1865), 
English  traveler:  explorations  of, 
16,  307 

Richardson,  William  Alexander  (19th 
century),  American  statesman: 
chairman  of  Committee  on  Territo- 
ries, 24,  637 

Riche,  Jean  Baptiste  (ca.  1780-1847), 
President  of  Hayti:  made  ruler  of 
Hayti,  22,  499 

Richelieu,  Armand  Emmanuel  du 
Plessis,  Duke  of  (1 766-1 822), 
French  diplomat:  first  ministry  of, 
9,  367;  second  ministry  of,  372;  helps 
to  found  Odessa,  15,  268 

Richelieu,  Armand  Jean  du  Plessis, 
Cardinal  and  Duke  of,  French 
statesman:  born  at  Paris,  France, 
September,  1585;  studied  at  the  Col- 
lege of  Navarre;  in  1607  was  conse- 
crated at  Rome  as  bishop;  appoint- 
ed almoner  to  the  queen-regnant, 
1614;  secretary  of  state,  1616;  acted 
as  mediator  between  the  king  and 
his  mother  and  was  rewarded  with 
the    cardinal's    hat,    1622;    reentered 


the  council  of  state  and  soon  after 
was  made  prime  minister;  he  founded 
and  endowed  the  French  Academy, 
1635;  declared  war  against  Spain  and 
succeeded  in  separating  Portugal 
from  Spain,  1640;  died  in  his  palace, 
December  4,  1642 

Enters  the  governing  council,  9, 
179;  negotiates  peace  between  Marie 
de'  Medici  and  Louis  XIII,  180; 
made  cardinal,  182;  career  of,  183; 
his  treaty  with  Sweden,  16,  181;  op- 
poses Ferdinand  II  of  Germany,  18, 
278,  285,  288;  treats  with  Maximilian 
of  Bavaria,  281 ;  his  assassination 
plotted,  8,  378;  death  of,  13,  214 

Richelieu,  Louis  Frangois  Armand  du 
Plessis,  Duke  of  (1696-1788),  French 
soldier:  in  the  Seven  Years'  War, 
9,  244 

Richemont,  Arthur  de  Bretagne, 
Count  of  (1393-1458),  French  states- 
man: made  constable  of  France,  9, 
114 

Richiarius  (5th  century  A.  D.),  King 
of  the  Suevi:  taken  prisoner  by  the 
Goths,  8,  38 

Richie  (d.  1846),  American  army  offi- 
cer: death  of,  22,  305 

Richilan  (5th  century  A.  D.),  King  of 
Suevi:  reign  of,  8,  37 

Richilde  (nth  century),  Belgium 
countess:  given  the  government  of 
Flanders,  13,  26 

Richmond,  Virginia:  population  in 
time  of  Jackson,  23,  479;  made  capi- 
tal of  Confederacy,  24,  718;  McClel- 
lan's  plan  of  attack  on,  757;  Lee 
takes  command  at,  761;  Grant  be- 
gins operations  against,  791;  demon- 
strations following  Hampton  Roads 
Conference,  809;  fall  of  (1865),  810; 
Lincoln  visits,  826 

Richmond,  Duke  of  (18th  century), 
English  Parliament  member:  asks 
for  manhood  suffrage  and  annual 
Parliaments    (1780),    II,   520 

Richmond,  Henry  Tudor,  Earl  of:  see 
Henry  VII,  King  of  England 

Richu  (4th  century  A.  D.),  Emperor 
of  Japan:  appoints  historigraphers 
throughout  Japan,  7,  13 


GENERAL    INDEX 


593 


Ricimer  (Ricimir)  (d.  472  A.  D.), 
Chief  of  the  Suevi:  career  of,  18,  43; 
expels  Avitus  from  Rome,  4,  149; 
rules  Western  Empire,   150 

Ridania,  plain  near  Cairo,  Egypt:  bat- 
tle of  (1517),  14,  130 

Riddarhus,  Swedish  house  of  lords: 
Gustavus  Adolphus  inaugurates  the, 
16,  178;  augmentation  of  the,  205; 
charged  with  the  public  administra- 
tion, 225 

Ridgeway,  Sir  Joseph  West  (living), 
English  diplomat:  delimits  the 
boundary  between  Russian  territo- 
ries and  Afghanistan,  5,  265 

Ridley,  Nicholas  (1500-1555),  English 
bishop:  martyrdom  of,  ix,  271 

Ridolfi  Plot,  a  conspiracy  in  England 
which  had  for  its  purpose  the  de- 
thronement of  Elizabeth,  and  the 
placing  of  Mary  on  the  throne,  II, 
287 

Riedi,  Thomas  (15th  century),  Swiss 
patriot:  at  battle  of  Ulrich,  13, 
393 

Rieger,  Franz  Ladislaus  (1818-1903), 
Hungarian  statesman:  leads  Czech 
party,  17,  403;  attempts  to  gain 
more  political  rights  for  Bohemia, 
409 

Riego  y  Nunez,  Rafael  del  (1785- 
1823),  Spanish  soldier:  leader  of 
Spanish  revolution,  8,  492;  death  of, 
495 

RieL  Louis  (1844-1885),  Canadian 
rebel  leader:  leads  rebellions  of 
French  half-breeds,  20,  169,  173 

Rienzi  (Rienzo),  Cola  di,  Italian  po- 
litical reformer:  born  in  Rome 
about  1313;  received  a  liberal  educa- 
tion; about  1340  anarchy  prevailed 
in  Rome  and  Rienzi  went  to  Avig- 
non in  1342  to  persuade  the  pope  to 
return  to  Rome;  in  1347,  by  popular 
favor,  he  obtained  power,  with  the 
title  of  tribune  and  made  some  re- 
forms; about  the  end  of  1347  he  was 
driven  out  of  Rome;  having  passed 
seven  years  in  Germany  as  a  fugi- 
tive, he  was  arrested  and  taken  to 
Avignon  in  1352;  in  1354  he  was 
sent  to  Rome  with  the  title  of  sena- 


tor, by  the  Pope,  who  proposed  to 
use  the  talents  and  influence  of 
Rienzi  for  the  restoration  of  order 
in  that  capital;  the  nobles  never 
acknowledged  his  government  and 
he  was  killed  by  a  crowd  on  the 
Capitol  stairs,  October  8,  1354 

Leads  revolution  in  Rome,  4,  222; 
his  relations  with  Charles  IV  of 
Germany,  18,  193 

Riesco,     Jerman     (1851 ),     South 

American  statesman:  elected  presi- 
dent of  Chili  (1901),  31,  240 

Riffault,  Jacques  (17th  century), 
French  buccaneer:  his  attempts  at 
colonization  in  Brazil,  ai,  32 

Riga,  Russia:  founded,  15,  10;  cap- 
tured by  the  Swedes,  16,  179;  sieges 
of  (1700),  16,  215;  (1710-1711),  15, 
55;  battle  of  (1702),  42 

Rigault  de  Genouilly  (1807-1873), 
French  admiral:  made  minister  for 
naval  affairs,  9,  459 

Right,  Petition  of,  a  bill  which  became 
a  law  of  England  during  the  reign 
of  Charles  I  (1628):  account  of,  II, 
324 

Right,  The,  one  of  the  sections  into 
which  the  Continental  parliaments 
are  divided:  origin  and  use  of  the 
term,  10,  82;  its  principal  speakers, 
,154 

Rightboys,  an  Irish  society:  account 
of,  12,  196 

Rights,  Declaration  of:  see  Declara- 
tion of  Rights 

Rights  of  Man,  Society  of  the:  organ- 
ized, 9,  404 

Rights  of  Men,  Declaration  of 
(French):  its  effect  in  South  Ameri- 
ca, 21,  52 

Rigny,  Henry  Gauthier,  Count  of 
(1783-1835),  French  vice-admiral  in 
the  Greek  war,  15,  276;  at  battle  of 
Navarino,  9,  387;  becomes  minister 
for  foreign  affairs,  405 

Rig-Veda,  ancient  sacred  book  of  the 
Hindus:  description  of,  5,  38 

Rijp,  Jan  Corneliszoon  (16th  century), 
Dutch  navigator:  discovers  Spitz- 
bergen,  13,  167;  explorations  of,  16, 
302 


594 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Rikissa  (13th  century),  Queen  of 
Sweden:  marriage  of,  16,  103 

Rikken  Seiyn  Kwai:  see  Constitutional 
Political  Association 

Rileeks,  Konrad  (19th  century),  Rus- 
sian poet:  in  the  plot  of  the  Deka- 
brists,  15,  273 

Riley,  Bennet  (middle  19th  century), 
American  general:  in  the  Mexican 
War,  22,  326;  governor  of  Cali- 
fornia, 24,  598 

Riminants,  Belgium:  battle  of  (1578), 
13,  130 

Rimini,    Italy:    battle    of    (1815),    17, 

314 

Rimnik  River,  Roumania:  battle  of 
(1789),  14,  356,  15,  185 

Rinjifo  (19th  century),  South  Ameri- 
can financier:  financial  administra- 
tion of,  21,  218 

Rink  (16th  century),  Swedish  Anabap- 
tist: excesses  of,  16,  155 

Rintimbur,  India:  siege  of   (1300),  5, 

." 
Rinuccini,     Baptist     (17th     century), 

Italian  prelate:  sent  as  Papal  Nuncio 

to  Ireland,  12,  120 

Rio  Branco,  J.  M.  da  Silva  Paranhos, 
Viscount  of  (1810-1880),  Brazilian 
statesman:  his  efforts  against  slav- 
ery, 21,  248 

Rio  Colorado,  United  States:  massa- 
cre of  (1847),  22,  305 

Rio  de  la  Hacha,  South'  America: 
burned  by  Drake  (1596),  21,  30 

Rio  de  la  Plata,  South  America:  de- 
scription of,  21,  118 

Rio  de  Oro,  Africa:  under  Spanish 
rule,  20,  299 

Rio  de  Tabasco,  Mexico:  battle  of  the 
(1519),  22,  13 

Rio  Grande,  river  of  North  America: 
becomes  boundary  between  Mexico 
and  Texas,  24,  552 

Rio  Grande,  Republic  of  the,  Mexico: 
formed,  22,  275 

Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  South  America: 
resists  the  creation  of  the  empire  of 
Brazil,  21,  167 

Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  South  America: 
foreign  element  in,  21,  251;  rises 
against    Fonseca,   254 


Rio  Janeiro,  South  America:  increased 
importance  of,  20,  105;  taken  by  the 
French  (1711),  20,  106,  21,  34;  third 
Pan-American  Conference  at  (1906), 
31,  255 

Rio  Muni,  Africa:  under  Spanish  rule, 

20,  299 

Rio  Negro,  South  America:  insurrec- 
tion in  (1829),  21,  83 

Rioomantsof  (Riumiantzof) :  see 
Rumiantsov 

Rios,  Montero  (living),  a  Spanish 
politician:  administration  of,  8,  522 

Riot,  The  Bread,  an  incident  in  the 
French  Revolution,  10,  93 

Ripon,  Earl  and  Marquis  of:  see  Rob- 
inson 

Ripperda,  Jan  Willem,  Duke  de  (1680- 
^tf),  a  Spanish  adventurer  and 
diplomat:  negotiates  treaties  be- 
tween Philip  V  of  Spain  and  the 
Emperor,  8,  409 

Risakov,  Nicholas  Ivanovitch  (d. 
1881),  a  Russian  conspirator:  execu- 
tion of,  15,  339 

Risbrich,  Captain  (early  19th  century), 
a  Danish  naval  officer:  at  the  battle 
of  Copenhagen,  16,  256 

Rissi,  Peter  (early  15th  century),  a 
Swiss  soldier:  his  campaign  in  Italy, 
13,  395 

Rita:  see  Dalta 

Rittenhouse,  David  (1732-1796),  an 
American  astronomer:  orrery  of, 
destroyed,  23,  249 

Rivadavia,  Bernardino  (1780-1845), 
President  of  Argentine  Republic, 
1825-1827:  made  Minister  of  For- 
eign   Affairs    and    of    the    Interior, 

21,  120;   made  president  of  Argen- 
tine Republic,  121 

Rivarola,  Cirilo  Antonio  (19th  cen- 
tury), President  of  Paraguay,  1870- 
1871:  member  of  provisional  gov- 
ernment of  Paraguay,  21,  159;  made 
president,  160 

Rivas  (late  19th  century),  an  Argen- 
tine insurgent:  joins  insurrection  of 
Mitre,  21,   135 

Rivas,  Angel  de  Saavedra,  Duke  of 
(1791-1865),  a  Spanish  diplomatist: 
administration  of,  8,  504 


GENERAL    INDEX 


595 


River  Raisin,  Michigan:  massacre  at 
(1813),  23,  424 

Rivera  (late  16th  century),  a  Mexican 
priest:  quarrels  with  Almanza,  22, 
130 

Rivera,  Payo  Enrique  de  (1610-1684), 
Archbishop  of  Mexico:  made  vice- 
roy of  New  Spain,  22,  174 

Rivera,  Primo  de  (living),  a  Spanish 
governor  in  the  Philippines:  con- 
cludes treaty  with  Filipino  insur- 
gents, 20,  314 

Rivers,  Anthony  Woodville  (Wyde- 
ville),  Earl  of  (1442-1483),  an  Eng- 
lish peer:  taken  prisoner  by  Glou- 
cester,  11,  219;  execution  of,  220 

Rivet- Vitet  Law,  a  law  conferring  on 
Thiers  the  title,  "  President  of  the 
French  Republic"  (1871),  9,  475 

Riviere,  Charles  Frangois  de  Riffar- 
deau,  Duke  of  (1763-1828),  a  French 
Royalist  officer:  plots  against  Na- 
poleon's life,  9,  322 

Rivoli,  a  town  in  the  province  of  Tu- 
rin, Italy:  battle  of  (1629),  4,  319 

Rivoli,  a  village  in  the  province  of 
Verona,  Italy:  battle  of  (1797),  9, 
302,  17,  282 

Riza  (19th  century),  Turkish  minister: 
ministry  of,  14,  442 

Riza  Kuli  (early  18th  century),  a  son 
.of  Nadir  Shah  of  Persia:  conquests 
of,   5,  352;   blinded,  354 

Rizal,  Jose  (late  19th  century),  a  Fili- 
pino author  and  physician:  sketch 
of,  20,  313;  exiled,  314 

Rizzio  (Riccio),  David  (d.  1566),  a 
favorite  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots: 
his  relations  with  Mary  Queen  of 
Scots,  12,  315;  murder  of,  II,  282 

Rjumanzow;  see  Rumiantsov 

"  Roanoke,"  a  United  States  battle- 
ship: at  the  battle  between  the 
"  Merrimac  "  and  the  "  Congress," 
24,  755 

Roanoke  Island,  an  island  on  the  east- 
ern coast  of  North  Carolina:  at- 
tempts to  colonize,  23,  53 

Robe  (19th  century),  a  British  co- 
lonial official:  governor  of  South 
Australia  (1845),  20,  195 


Robert  I,  King  of  France,  922-923: 
saves  Paris,  9,  33;  elected  king,  54 

Robert  II  (971-1031),  King  of  France, 
996-1031:  reign  of,  9,  66 

Robert  (I)  Bruce,  King  of  Scotland, 
1306-1329,  called  King  Hob  and  The 
Joshua  of  Scotland:  born  March  21 
or  July  11,  1274;  as  Earl  of  Car- 
rick,  swore  fealty  to  Edward  I  of 
England,  1296,  but  soon  joined  the 
Scottish  leaders  who  were  fighting 
for  the  independence  of  Scotland; 
made  peace  with  Edward  I  and  be- 
came one  of  the  four  regents  of 
Scotland,  1299;  quarreled  with  and 
killed  the  Red  Comyn,  1305; 
crowned  at  Scone,  March,  1306; 
was  defeated  and  escaped  to  Ire- 
land, 1306;  defeated  the  English  at 
Loudon  Hill,  1307;  continued  the 
war  against  Edward  II  of  England 
whom  he  finally  defeated  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Bannockburn,  June  24,  1314; 
invaded  England,  1318;  concluded  a 
truce  with  England,  1323;  was  rec- 
ognized as  independent  King  of 
Scotland  by  England  in  the  Treaty 
of  Northampton,  1328;  died  June  7, 
1329 

Reign  of,  11,  152;  secures  inde- 
pendence of  Scotland,  II,  156,  12, 
275;  invades  Ireland,  12,  60;  leads 
revolt  against  England,  277;  death 
of,  157 

Robert  II  (1316-1390),  King  of  Scot- 
land, 1370-1390:  becomes  regent  of 
Scotland,  12,  285;  accession  of,  286 

Robert  (John)  III,  King  of  Scotland, 
1390-1406:  reign  of,  12,  287;  sends 
his  son  to  be  educated  in  France,  11, 
194 

Robert  the  Strong  (d.  866),  Count  of 
Anjou:  intrusted  with  defense  of 
the     northern    frontier,    9,   51 

Robert  (I)  the  Frisian,  Count  of  Flan- 
ders,   1071-1093:    career   of,    13,   26; . 
forms   an   alliance   with    Knud,    16, 
72 

Robert  (early  nth  century),  Count  of 
Namur:  claims  duchy  of  Lower  Lor- 
raine, 13,  22 


596 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Robert,  Earl  of  Gloucester:  see  Glou- 
cester, Earl  of 

Robert  (I),  Duke  of  Normandy,  1028- 
1034;  accession  of,  11,  82;  aids 
Henry  I  of  France,  9,  67;  his  poor 
government,  II,  86;  leads  crusade, 
9,  70,  11,  87;  attempts  invasion  of 
England,  11,  88;  defeated  at  Tin- 
chebrai,  89 

Robert  (12th  century),  Archbishop  of 
St.  Andrews:  consecrated,  12,  262 

Robert  Guiscard  (1015-1085),  Norman 
Duke  of  Apulia  and  Calabria:  ca- 
reer of,  4,  185;  ravages  Greece,  2, 
535;  aids  Gregory  VII  against 
Henry  IV  of  Germany,  18,  136 

Robert  of  Anjou  (1275-1343),  King  of 
Naples,  1309-1343:  his  aspirations 
for  Italy,  4,  218;  reign  of,  260; 
struggles  of,  18,  186 

Robert  of  Artois  (14th  century),  pre- 
tender to  the  lordship  of  Artois: 
career  of,  9,  93 

Robert  of  Belleme  (early  12th  cen- 
tury), a  Norman  baron:  revolts 
against  Henry  I,  11,  89;  imprisoned, 
89 

Robert  of  Geneva:  see  Clement  VII 

Robert  of  Jumieges,  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  1051-1052:  deposed  by 
Earl  Godwine,  11,  63 

Robert  of  Mowbray  (early  12th  cen- 
tury), Earl  of  Northumberland:  re- 
bels against  William  Rufus,  11,  86 

Roberts,  Frederick  Sleigh,  Earl  of 
Kandahar,  Pretoria,  and  Water- 
ford,  an  English  field-marshal: 
born  at  Cawnpur,  India,  Sep- 
tember 30,  1832;  was  educated  at 
Eton,  Sandhurst,  Addiscombe,  and 
Oxford;  made  second  lieutenant  of 
Bengal  Artillery,  December  12, 
1851;  lieutenant,  June  3,  1857;  cap- 
tain, November  12,  i860;  brevet  ma- 
jor, November  13,  i860;  brevet  lieu- 
tenant colonel,  August  15,  1868; 
brevet  colonel,  January  30,  1875; 
major-general,  December  31,  1878; 
lieutenant-general,  July  26,  1883; 
general,  November  28,  1890;  field- 
marshal,  May  25,  1895;  served  in 
the  Indian   Mutiny,   1857;   in  Abys- 


sinian Expedition,  1867-1868;  Lu- 
shai  Expedition,  1871-1872;  com- 
manded Kuram  Field  Force,  No- 
vember, 1878-September,  1879;  com- 
manded Kabul  Field  Force,  Sep- 
tember, 1879-April,  1880;  commanded 
Kabul-Kandahar  Field  Force,  Au- 
gust to  September,  1880;  com- 
manded in  southern  Afghanistan, 
September  to  October,  1880;  com- 
mander-in-chief (Madras),  Novem- 
ber, 1881-August,  1885;  commander- 
in-chief  in  India,  November,  1885- 
April,  1893;  commander  in  Ireland, 
1895-1899;  commander-in-chief, 

South  Africa,  1899-1900;  relieved 
Kimberley,  February,  1900;  took 
commandant  Cronje  and  Western 
Army  prisoners,  February  27,  1900; 
received  thanks  of  both  Houses  of 
Parliament,  1902;  commander-in- 
chief  of  British  army,  1901-1904; 
lives,  London,  England 

His  campaign  against  Yakub 
Khan,  5,  257;  his  plans  for  frontier 
defense,  269;  reforms  of,  272;  his 
campaign  in  South  Africa,  11,  641, 
20,  233 

Robertson,    Sir   George   Scott    (1852- 

),    a    British   political   officer   in 

India:  besieged  in  Chitral,  5,  278 

Robertson,  William  H.  (1823-1898), 
an  American  politician:  opposed  to 
Conkling,  24,  933 

Roberval,  Frangois  de  la  Roque 
(Roche),  Lord  of  (16th  century),  a 
French  colonist:  attempts  to  make 
settlements  in  America,  20,  81,  23, 
46 

Robespierre,  Augustin  Bon  Joseph 
(1763-1794),  a  French  revolutionist, 
younger  brother  of  Maximilien 
Robespierre:  arrest  and  death  of, 
9,  291 

Robespierre,  Maximilien  Marie  Isidore 
(1758-1794),  a  French  Revolution- 
ist, called  The  Incorruptible,  The 
King  of  Terror,  and  The  Cromwell 
of  France:  character  of,  10,  219; 
elected  member  of  the  States-Gen- 
eral, 39;  rules  the  Jacobin  club,  9, 
272;  opposes  war,  io,  165;  demands 


GENERAL    INDEX 


597 


that  the  fate  of  the  king  be  left 
with  the  people,  141;  leader  of  the 
Mountain,  9,  278;  animosity  of  the 
convention  towards,  10,  218;  again 
accused  by  Louvet,  222;  excuses 
himself,  223;  leads  movement  to 
crush  Girondists,  9,  284,  10,  254; 
made  member  of  the  committee  of 
safety,  9,  285;  attacks  the  Hebert- 
ists,  10,  284;  accused  of  moderation, 
289;  his  speech  regarding  legal  gov- 
ernment, 290;  his  interview  with 
Danton,  290;  forms  triumvirate  with 
Saint-Just  and  Couthon,  9,  289;  his 
power  and  position,  10,  300;  Cecile 
Renaud's  visit  to  his  house,  300;  of- 
ficiates at  the  celebration  of  the 
new  religion,  301;  appointed  presi- 
dent of  the  convention,  301;  his 
speech  demanding  a  renewal  of  the 
committees,  308;  violently  attacked 
by  Billaud-Varennes,  310;  his  arrest, 

9,  291,  10,  314;  liberated  and  taken 
in   triumph   to   the    Hotel    de   Ville, 

10,  315;  death  of,  9,  291,  10,  319, 
«,  543 

Robin  Bluestring:  see  Walpole,  Sir 
Robert 

Robinson,  Frederick  John,  Earl  of 
Ripon  (1782-1859),  an  English 
statesman:   commercial  "reforms   of, 

11,  576;  made  Prime  Minister,  582; 
'  member  of  Peel's  ministry,  602 

Robinson,   George   Frederick  Samuel, 

Marquis    of    Ripon    (1827 ),    an 

English  politician:  in  Joint  High 
Commission,  24,  883;  his  governor- 
generalship  of  India,  5,  258 

Robinson,  Sir  Hercules,  Baron  Ros- 
mead  (1824-1895),  British  colonial 
governor:  his  mission  to  Bechuana- 
land,  19,  86;  governor  of  Cape  Col- 
ony, 95;  concludes  treaty  with  Lo- 
bengula,  219 

Robinson,  John  (1 575-1625),  an  Eng- 
lish Independent  minister:  leads 
Presbyterian  refugees,  23,  84 

Robinson,  Sir  Thomas  (18th  century), 
an  English  diplomat:  becomes  lead- 
er of  the  House  of  Commons,  11, 
495 


Robles,  Francisco,  an  Ecuadorian 
general  and  politician:  his  adminis- 
tration as  president  of  Ecuador,  21, 
no 

Robles,  Manuel  (19th  century),  a 
Mexican  soldier:  his  report  on 
Cerro  Gordo,  22,  324;  in  the  Re- 
form War,  383 

Robustelli  (early  17th  century),  a 
Swiss  insurgent:  leads  the  massacre 
of  the  Valtelline,  13,  462 

Roca,  Julio  A.  (1843 ),  Argentine 

general  and  politician,  President  of 
Argentina,  1880-1886,  189&-1904:  ad- 
ministrations of,  21,  256,  257 

Roca,  Vincente  (1 790-1850),  Ecuado- 
rian politician,  President  of  Ecuador, 
1845-1849:  administration  of,  21,  109 

Rccafuerte,  Vicente  (1783-1847), 
Ecuadorian  statesman,  President  of 
Ecuador,  1835-1839:  leads  the  Lib- 
erals in  Ecuador,  21,  107;  made 
president  of  Ecuador,  108;  obliged 
to  leave  Ecuador,  109;  death  of, 
109 

Rochambeau,  Marquis  (19th  century), 
French  peer:  in  centennial  of  Corn- 
wallis's  surrender,  24,  940 

Rochambeau,  Jean  Baptiste  Dona- 
tien  de  Vimeur,  Count  of  (1725- 
1807),  French  marshal:  his  cam- 
paign in  America,  9,  255,  23,  284; 
his  campaign  in  Belgium,  9,  273;  his 
opinion  respecting  the  war  with 
Holland  and  Belgium,  10,   173 

Rochambeau,  Marie  Joseph  de  Vimeur, 
Vicomte  (1750-1830),  French  gen- 
eral: his  campaign  in  Hayti,  20, 
140 

Roche-Abeille,  France:  battle  of 
(1569),  9,  156 

Rochechouart,  Casimir  Louis  Victur- 
nien,  Due  of  Mortemart  (1 787-1 875), 
French  general  and  diplomat:  helps 
to  found  Odessa,  15,  268 

Rochefort,  Henri  (Victor  Henri,  Mar- 
quis de  Rochefort-Lucay)  (1830- 
),  French  journalist  and  poli- 
tician: edits  "La  Lanterne,"  9, 
457;  persecution  of,  458;  publishes 
the   "  Marseillaise,"   460 


*9S 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Rochelle,  La,  France:  sieges  of 
(1572),  9,  158;  (1621),  181;  (1627- 
1628),  9,  185,  11,  322,  13,  209 

Rochensalm,  northern  Europe:  battle 
of  (1789),  15,  188 

Roches,  Peter  des  (d.  1238),  Bishop 
of  Winchester,  English  prelate:  fa- 
vorite of  Henry  III,  11,  131;  dis- 
missed, 132 

Rochester,  England:  siege  of  (1088), 
11,82 

Rochester,  New  York:  speech  of  Sen- 
ator Seward  at,  24,  671;  popular 
demonstration  for  the  funeral  of 
Lincoln,  827 

Rochester,  Lawrence  Hyde,  Earl  of: 
see  Hyde,  Lawrence,  Earl  of  Roch- 
ester 

"  Rock  of  Chickamauga  ":  see  Thomas, 
George  Henry 

Rock  of  Famine,  Mexico:  description 
of,  22,  83 

Rockingham,  Charles  Watson  Went- 
worth,  Marquis  of  (1730-1782),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  becomes  leader  of 
the  Whigs,  11,  507;  becomes  pre- 
mier, 11,  509,  23,  212;  favors  repeal 
of  the  Stamp  Act,  23,  214;  second 
ministry  of,   II,   522;   death  of,  523 

Rockingham,  The  Council  of,  a  meet- 
ing of  English  barons  to  discuss  the 
refusal  of  William  II  to  acknowl- 
edge ecclesiastical  authority  (1095), 
",8s 

Rockingham  County,  Virginia:  devas- 
tated by  Sheridan's  army,  24,  793 

Rocks,  City  of  the:  see  Nashville, 
Tennessee 

Rocky  Mountains,  North  America: 
dispute  of  boundary  beyond,  23, 
443 

Rocoux,  Belgium:  battle  of  (1746),  9, 
240 

Rocroi,  France:  battle  of  (1643),  9, 
199,  I3;  214 

Roda,  De  (16th  century),  Spanish  of- 
ficial: member  of  governing  council 
of  the  Netherlands,  13,   120 

Roda  Boken,  liturgy  of  Johan  of  Swe- 
den: account  of,  16,  165 

Roderic,  King  of  the  Goths,  710-711: 


usurps  the  throne,  1,  310;  reign  of,   . 
8,  46;  death  of,  1,  313,  18,  50 
Rodgers,  John  (1771-1838),  American 
admiral:    commands    squadron,    23, 

375 

Rodney,  Caesar  (1728-1784),  American 
statesman:  delegate  to  the  first  Con- 
tinental Congress,  23,  223 

Rodney,  George  Brydges,  Baron, 
British  admiral:  born  at  Walton- 
upon-Thames,  Surrey,  England, 
February  19,  1718;  entered  the  navy 
in  his  twelfth  year;  governor  of 
Newfoundland,  1748;  reentered 
navy,  1752;  rear-admiral,  1759;  vice- 
admiral,  1762;  baronet,  1764;  master 
of  Greenwich  Hospital,  1765;  com- 
mander-in-chief in  Jamaica,  1771; 
admiral  and  commander-in-chief, 
December,  1779,  at  Barbados;  de- 
feated a  Spanish  fleet  near  Cape 
Saint  Vincent,  1780;  in  war  against 
Holland,  captured  Dutch  Guiana, 
1781;  gained  an  important  victory 
over  the  French  admiral,  De  Grasse, 
in  the  West  Indies,  1782;  was  raised 
to  the  peerage,  as  Baron  Rodney, 
1782;  died  in  London,  May  23,  1792 
Takes  Martinique,  20,  118;  bom- 
bards Havre,  11,  501;  defeats  Fran- 
co-Spanish fleet,  8,  416;  defeats  De 
Grasse,  9,  256,  11,  522,  20,  128 

Rodolph,  King  of  France:  see  Rudolf, 
King  of  France 

Rodriguez,  island  off  the  coast  of  Af- 
rica: sketch  of,  19,  213 

Rodriguez  (early  19th  century),  South 
American  statesman:  made  gov- 
ernor of  Buenos  Ayres,  21,   120 

Rodriguez,  Alejandra  (early  20th  cen- 
tury), Cuban  statesman:  appointed 
chief  of  the  Rural  Guard,  22,  468 

Rodriguez,  Mendo  (14th  century), 
Spanish  knight:  attempts  to  save 
Pedro  the  Cruel  from  Enrique,  8, 
170 

Rodwald,  King  of  Italy,  7th  century 
A.  D.:  reign  of,  4,  108 

Roe,  Pierce  (16th  century),  Earl  of 
Ormond:  made  lord  deputy  of  Ire- 
land, 12,  77 


GENERAL    INDEX 


599 


Roe,  Sir  Thomas  (i  568-1644),  English 
statesman:  sent  to  the  court  of  Ja- 
hangir,  5,   160;  quoted,  14,  213,  214 

Rcederer,  Pierre  Louis,  Comte  (1754- 
1835),  French  politician:  sent  for 
by  Marie  Antoinette  and  questioned 
as  to  the  safety  of  the  king,  10, 
192 

Roene,  De  (late  16th  century),  Span- 
ish officer:   at   the   siege  of   Calais, 

13,  163 

Roeskilde,  Peace  of,  treaty  between 
Denmark  and  Sweden  (1658):  ac- 
count of,  16,  208 

Roger  II  (1097-1154),  King  of  Sicily 
and  Naples,  1130-1154:  supports  the 
anti-Pope,  18,  143 

Roger,  Archbishop  of  York  (12th  cen- 
tury), English  ecclesiastic:  crowns 
Henry,  son  of  Henry  II  of  England, 
11,  105 

Roger,  Bishop  of  Salisbury  (12th  cen- 
tury), English  statesman:  chief 
minister  of  Henry  I,  11,  91;  quar- 
rels with  King  Stephen,  94 

Roger  de  Nesh  (13th  century),  French 
statesman:   appointed   regent,  9,  84 

Roger  Guiscard  (nth  century),  Nor- 
man commander:  conquers  Sicily, 
4,  185 

Roger  of  Hoveden  (late  12th  cen- 
tury), English  historian:  account  of, 
11,  116 

Roggendorf  (d.  1540),  Austrian  gen- 
eral:  death  of,   17,  217 

Rognvald,  Jarl  of  Maere  (d.  920  A. 
D.),  Danish  King  of  Dublin:  sketch 
of,  16,  42 

"Rogue's  Harbor":  name  given  to 
Albemarle,  23,  74 

Rohan,  Henry,  Duke  of  (1579-1638), 
French  general:  leads  Huguenot  up- 
rising, 9,  183;  goes  into  exile,  187; 
his  campaign  in  Switzerland,  13, 
463 

Rohillas,  African  tribe:  defeat  of,  5, 
191 

Rohlfs,      Friedrich      Gerhard      (1831 

),    German    explorer   in   Africa: 

desires  increase  of  German  influence 
in  Africa,  19,  128;  appointed  consul- 
general  of  Zanzibar,   128 


Rojas,  Miguel  de  (16th  century), 
Moorish  statesman:  death  of,  8, 
369 

Rojas   Paul,   Jose    Pablo    (1845 ), 

Venezuelan  politician,  President  of 
Venezuela,  1888-1890:  Minister  of 
the  Interior,  21,  97;  death  of,  101 

Rokh  (early  18th  century),  Shah  of 
Persia:  reign  of,  5,  354 

Rokuhara,  Japan:  destroyed  (1333),  7, 
86 

Roland,  a  hero  celebrated  in  the  ro- 
mances of  chivalry:  was  supposed 
to  have  been  a  nephew  of  Charle- 
magne; killed  at  the  battle  of  Rou- 
cesvalles,  in  778  A.  D. 
Death  of,  18,  81 

Roland  (12th  century),  nephew  of 
William  the  Lion  of  Scotland:  sub- 
dues  Galloway,   12,  267 

Roland,  Marie-Jeanne  Philipon  (Ma- 
dame Roland),  one  of  the  most  no- 
ble and  highly-gifted  women  of 
France:  born  in  Paris,  France, 
March  17,  1754;  daughter  of  an  en- 
graver; was  liberally  educated,  and 
sent  to  a  convent  for  a  year;  her 
mother  died  and  her  father's  house 
being  an  undesirable  residence  she 
returned  to  the  convent  and  after 
living  here  five  months  she  mar- 
ried M.  Roland  in  1780,  after  which 
they  resided  successively  at  Paris, 
Amiens,  and  Lyons;  visited  Eng- 
land with  her  husband,  1784,  and 
Switzerland,  1787;  assisted  M.  Ro- 
land in  his  official  duties  while  he 
was  minister  of  the  interior,  1792; 
composed  the  important  letter  ad- 
dressed by  her  husband  to  Louis 
XVI  in  May,  1792;  was  arrested  in 
June,  1793,  and  was  beheaded  on 
November  9,  1793 

Condemned  to  death,  10,  280 

Roland  de  la  Platiere,  Jean  Marie 
(1732-1793),  French  statesman: 
member  of  Girondist  ministry,  9, 
273,  10,  169;  anecdote  of  him  on 
going  to  court,  10,  170;  kills  himself 
on  hearing  of  the  death  of  his  wife, 
280 

Rolf    (Rollo)    (ca.   860-ca.   930),   Nor- 


600 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


wegian  viking,  Duke  of  Normandy: 
his  treaty  with  Charles  the  Simple, 
16,  15;  reign  of,  9,  54;  sketch  of, 
16,  42;  followers  of,  become  Chris- 
tians, 4,  185 

Rolf,  Krake  (d.  522  A.  D.),  legendary 
King  of  Scandinavia:  the  legend  of, 
16,  18 

Rolle,  Christoph  (19th  century),  Swiss 
politician:  leads  the  Democratic 
party,  13,  565 

Romain,  Paul  (19th  century),  Grand 
Marshal  of  Hayti  and  Prince  of 
Limbi:  death  of,  22,  495 

Roman  Philosophy,  The  Father  of: 
see  Cicero,  Marcus  Tullius 

Roman  Senate,  the  aristocratic  body 
of  the  government  in  ancient  Rome: 
origin  and  character,  3,  15;  preroga- 
tives increased,  33;  influence  of,  34, 
54;  mode  of  admission  changed, 
233;  increased  powers,  234 

Roman  Walls:  built  in  England,  n, 
11 

Romana,  President  of  Peru,  1889- 
1903:   administration   of,   21,  242 

Romana,  Marquis  de  la  (19th  century), 
Spanish  commander:  in  Slesvig- 
Holstein,  16,  257 

Romano,  Alberic  da  (13th  century), 
Italian  Ghibeline  leader:  power  of, 
4,  203 

Romano,  Eccelin  da  (1 194-1259),  Ital- 
ian Ghibeline  leader:  power  of,  4, 
203 

Romanov:  royal  house  of  Russia:  es- 
tablishment of  the,  15,  21 

Romanov,  Anastasia  (17th  century), 
Russian  noble  lady:  marries  Ivan 
the  Terrible,  15,  21 

Romanov,  Philarete  (17th  century), 
Patriarch  of  Russia:  sketch  of,  15, 
21 

Romans:  invade  Scotland,  12,  249 

Romanus  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Gov- 
ernor of  Bosra:  treason  of,  1,  269 

Romanus,  Saint  (ca.  500  A.  D.), 
Christian  missionary:  sketch  of, 
13,  338 

Romanus,  Diogenes,  Emperor  of 
Rome,  1068-1071:  defeated  by  Per- 
sians, 5,  330 


Romanzof:  see  Rumiantsov 

Rome,  City  of,  called  the  Seven-Hilled 
City  and  The  Eternal  City:  burned, 
4,  64;  taken  by  Alaric  (ca.  408  A. 
D.)>  18,  36;  sack  of,  by  Goths,  4, 
140,  18,  36;  sacked  by  Vandals  (455 
A.  D.),  18,  43;  sacked  by  Genseric, 
4,  149;  pillaged  by  the  barbarians 
(472  A.  D.),  150;  Popes  assume 
government  of,  18,  51;  attacked  by 
the  Saracens,  1,  354;  siege  of  (962  A. 
D.),  18,  114;  taken  by  Henry  IV  of 
Germany,  136;  besieged  by  Fred- 
erick Barbarossa,  4,  194;  revolution 
of  Rienzi,  222;  capture  and  sack  by 
French  under  Constable  de  Bour- 
bon, 9,  140,  18,  246;  siege  of,  4, 
304;  riots  at,  10,  399;  changed  into 
a  republic,  4,  366,  10,  399;  republic 
overthrown,  18,  362;  French  under 
Marshal  Oudinot  attack  (1849),  4, 
367,  9,  439;  becomes  the  capital  of 
Italy,  4,  391 

Rome,  History  of:  Italy,  3,  3;  Latin 
settlements,  7;  the  Roman  consti- 
tution and  reforms  of  Servius  Tul- 
lius, 11;  the  regal  period,  20;  estab- 
lishment of  the  republic,  29;  the 
tribunate  of  the  plebs  and  the  de- 
cemvirate,  37;  strife  of  the  patri- 
cians and  plebeians,  47;  her  conquest 
of  Austria-Hungary,  10,  17;  fall  of 
Etruscan  power  and  the  coming  of 
the    Celts,   3,   56;    Greek  culture   in, 

2,  513;  advance  of  Rome  to  the  con- 
quest of  Italy,  3,  62;  war  with  Pyr- 
rhus  and  union  with  Italy,  74; 
Carthage,  89;  the  first  Punic  War, 
99;  the  second  Punic  War,  in;  a 
review  of  the  West  and  East,  133; 
interferes  with  Carthaginian  rule  in 
Spain,  8,  14;  war  with  Antiochus 
and  the  final  conquest  of  the  East, 

3,  143;  allies  with  Aetolian  League, 
2,  518;  the  government  and  the 
governed,  3,  153;  the  subject 
countries  down  to  the  Gracchan 
epoch,  161;  the  reforms  of  the 
Gracchi,  171;  the  rule  of  the  res- 
toration, 185;  Marius  as  revolu- 
tionist and  Drusus  as  reformer, 
196;    the    revolt    of    all    Italy,    205; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


601 


the  Mithradatic  War,  213;  the 
democratic  revolution  and  its  over- 
throw by  Sulla,  221;  the  Sullan  con- 
stitution, 230;  economic  condition 
of  the  empire  during  the  revolution 
period,  242;  the  rule  of  the  Sullan 
restoration,  253;  wars  with  the  Ger- 
mans, 18,  10;  fall  of  the  oligarchy 
and  the  rule  of  Pompeius,  3,  265; 
party  struggles  in  Rome  —  Pom- 
peius, Caesar,  and  Crassus,  278; 
Caesar  in  Gaul,  292;  the  joint  rule 
of  Pompeius  and  Caesar,  322;  the 
Civil  War,  334;  the  old  republic 
and  the  new  monarchy,  362;  Greece 
favored  by  emperors  of,  2,  523;  lit- 
erature of,  in  time  of  Augustus, 
524;  decline  of  power,  18,  26;  mod- 
ern civilization's  debt  to,  20,  7;  see 
also  Italy 

Rome,  The  Sword  of:  see  Marcellus, 
Marcus  Claudius 

Romer,  Ole  (Olaus)  (1644-1710),  Dan- 
ish astronomer:  sketch  of,  16,  235 

Romero,  Matias  (1837-1898),  Mexican 
diplomat:  his  mission  to  Washing- 
ton, 22,  393;  aids  President  Diaz, 
407 

Romilly,  Sir  Samuel  (1757-1818),  Eng- 
lish lawyer  and  statesman:  advo- 
cates   reform    of   the    criminal    law, 

",  575 

Romme,  Gilbert  (1750-1795),  French 
Jacobin:  appointed  the  organ  of  the 
insurrection  of  Germinal,  10,  337 

Romodanovski,  General  (17th  cen- 
tury), Russian  military  officer:  his 
campaign  against  the  Turks,  15,  25 

Romorantin,  Edict  of,  a  measure  pub- 
lished in  France,  which  attributed 
to  the  prelates  of  the  kingdom  the 
knowledge  of  the  crimes  of  heresy 
(1560),  9,   152 

Romulus  Augustulus,  last  Emperor  of 
the  West,  475-476  A.  D.:  reign  of, 
4,  151;  deposed  by  Odoacer,  2,  531; 
retirement  of,  18,  45 

Roncaglia,  Diet  of,  4,  192 

Roncesvalles,  Spain:  battle  of  (778  A. 
D.),  18,  81 

Rondeau,     General     (19th     century), 


South  American  soldier  and  states- 
man: made  provisional  president  of 
Uruguay,  21,  137 

Rondeau,  Lady  (18th  century):  at  the 
Russian  court,  15,  77 

Rondeau,  Claudius  (18th  century), 
English  diplomat:  at  the  Russian 
court,  15,  98,  109 

Rook  (Rooke),  Sir  George  (1650- 
1709),  English  admiral:  his  cam- 
paign against  the  French,  8,  394, 
13,  250;  at  battle  of  Vigo,  9,  221; 
captures  Gibraltar,  11,  456 

Roon,  Count  Albrecht  Theodor  Emil 
von  (1803-1879),  Prussian  general 
and  writer:  in  the  Franco-Prussian 
War,  18,  417 

Roosbeke,  Belgium:  battle  of  (1382), 
13,  35 

Roosevelt,  Theodore,  twenty-sixth 
President  of  the  United  States:  born 
in  New  York,  October  27,  1858; 
prepared  for  college  in  private 
schools  and  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1880;  became  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly  in  1882;  he 
was  nominated  for  mayor  of  New 
York  City  in  1886,  served  as  civil 
service  commissioner,  1889-1895; 
president  of  New  York  police  board, 
1895-1897;  assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  1897-1898;  resigned  to  take 
part  in  war  in  Cuba  as  lieutenant 
colonel  and  colonel  of  the  First 
United  States  Cavalry  Volunteers, 
usually  known  as  the  Rough  Riders; 
in  1899  he  was  elected  Governor  of 
New  York;  in  1900  was  elected  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States;  suc- 
ceeded as  President  on  the  assassi- 
nation of  President  McKinley  in 
September,  1901;  in  1904  he  was 
unanimously  renominated  by  the 
Republican  convention  and  was 
elected;  is  the  author  of  valuable 
works  on  history  and  biography 

In  Santiago  campaign,  24,  1029; 
controversy  between  Sampson  and 
Schley,  1035;  nominated  for  Vice- 
President  (1900),  1037;  campaign 
tour    (1900),    1040;    becomes    Presi- 


602 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


dent,  1050;  sketch  of,  1068;  nom- 
inated for  President  (1904),  1063; 
second  election,  1067;  Intervention 
in  Russo-Japanese  War,  6,  314,  7, 
316,  15,  364,  24,  1079;  proposes  Fed- 
eral regulations  of  life  insurance 
companies,  24,  1081;  favors  com- 
mercial treaty,  6,  321 
Root,  Elihu,  an  American  statesman: 
born  at  Clinton,  New  York,  Febru- 
ary 15,  1845;  studied  law;  was 
United  States  district  attorney  for 
the  southern  district  of  New  York, 
1883-1885,  and  succeeded  Alger  as 
Secretary  of  War  in  the  McKinley 
cabinet  in  1899;  resigned,  1904;  mem- 
ber Alaskan  Boundary  Tribunal, 
1903;  Secretary  of  State  since  July 

I,  1905 

In  Roosevelt  cabinet,  24,  1052;  in 
Alaskan  boundary  commission, 
1055;  in  Republican  convention 
(1904),  1062;  aids  in  reform  of  Con- 
sular service,  1084;  his  visit  to 
South  America,  31,  255 

Root  and  Branch  Bill,  drawn  up  in 
England  for  total  abolition  of  bish- 
ops, deans,  and  other  officers  con- 
nected with  Episcopal  constitution 
(1641),  11,  341 

Rosamund  (Rosamunda)  (6th  cen- 
tury), wife  of  Alboin,  King  of  the 
Lombards:  poisons  Alboin,  4,  164 

Rosas  (Rhodia),  Spain:  founded,  8, 
12;  battle  of,  246 

Rosas,  Juan  Manuel  Ortiz  de  (1793- 
1877),  dictator  of  Buenos  Ayres: 
sketch  of,  21,  123;  made  dictator, 
124;  fall  of,  126;  aids  Oribe  of  Uru- 
guay,  139 

Rosch,  Ulrich  (late  15th  century),  a 
Swiss  ecclesiastic,  Abbot  of  St. 
Gall:  people  revolt  against,  13,  416 

Roscius,  Sextus  (d.  81  B.  C),  a  Ro- 
man citizen:  a  typical  rural  gentle- 
man, 3,  382 

Rose,  Hugh  Henry,  Baron  Strath- 
nairn  (1803-1885),  a  British  gen- 
eral: his  campaign  in  central  India, 
5,   238 

Rose,  Sir  John  (late  19th  century),  an 


English  diplomat:  in  Alabama 
claims  controversy,  24,  883 

Rosebek,  Belgium:  battle  of  (1382), 
9,  107 

Rosebery,  Archibald  Philip  Primrose, 
Earl  of  (1847 ),  a  British  Lib- 
eral statesman:  becomes  Prime 
Minister,  11,  637;  his  African  pol- 
icy, 19,  198 

Rosecrans,  William  Starke  (1819- 
1898),  an  American  general:  with 
Grant  in  North  Mississippi,  24,  773; 
sketch  of,  774;  succeeds  Buell,  773; 
made  major-general,  774;  operations 
in  East  Tennessee,  782;  mistake  at 
Chickamauga,  784;  succeeded  by 
Thomas,  784 

Rosen,  Baron,  Russian  ambassador  to 
the  United  States,  1905:  appointed 
peace   commissioner,   7,   318 

Rosen,  Conrad,  Count  de  (1628-17 15), 
a  Flemish  soldier  in  the  service  of 
James  II  of  England:  at  siege^  of 
Derry,  12,  137 

Rosenberk,  Ulrich  of  (15th  century),  a 
Bohemian  soldier:  leads  Catholic 
forces  in  Bohemia,  17,  143 

Roses,  Wars  of  the:  see  Wars  of  the 
Roses 

Roseta  (early  19th  century),  a  South 
American  soldier:  defeated  by  Boli- 
var, 21,  63 

Rosmead,  Baron:  see  Robinson,  Sir 
Hercules 

Rosmini,  Carlo  de'  (1 758-1 827),  an 
Italian  writer:  work  of,  4,  409 

Rosny,  The  Iron  Calvinist  of:  see 
Sully,  Maximilien  de  Bethune,  Duke 
of 

Ross  (early  18th  century),  a  Swedish 
soldier:  at  the  siege  of  Poltava,  15, 
52 

Ross,  Sir  James  Clark  (1800-1862),  an 
English  Arctic  navigator:  his  ex- 
plorations in  the  Arctic,  16,  308;  his 
explorations  in  the  Antarctic,  333, 
334 

Ross,  Sir  John  (1777-1856),  an  Arctic 
navigator:   explorations  of,   16,  308 

Ross,  Robert  (early  19th  century),  an 
English    general:    in    the    War    of 


GENERAL    INDEX 


1812,  23,  426;  killed  in  attack  on 
Baltimore,  427 

Rossbach  (Rosbach),  a  village  in  Sax- 
ony: battle  of  (1757),  9,  245,  «» 
499,  17,  244,  18,  336 

Rossi,  Count  Pellegrino  Luigi  Odo- 
ardo  (1787-1848),  an.  Italian  orator 
and  statesman:  appointed  president 
of  the  Papal  States,  3,  362;  assas- 
sination of,  364 

Rossini,  Gioachino  Antonio  (1792- 
1868),  an  Italian  musician:  sketch 
of,  4,  415 

Rostislav  (Rastiz)  (9th  century), 
King  of  Moravia:  accession  of,  17, 

31 

Rostoff:  see  Rostov 

Rostoptchin  (Rastopchin),  Count  Feo- 
dar  Vassilivitch  (1765-1826),  a  Rus- 
sian general:  account  of,  15,  206; 
sets  fire  to  Moscow,  9,  342;  aban- 
dons Moscow,  15,  228,  234 

Rostov  (Rostoff),  Russia:  annexed  to 
Moscow,   15,    12 

Roth  (early  19th  century),  Russian 
military  officer:  his  campaign 
against  Turkey,   15,  284 

Roth,  Hans  (late  14th  century),  a 
Swiss  peasant:  discovers  the  plot 
to  surprise   Soleure,   13,  379 

Rothesay  (Rothsay),  David,  Duke  of 
(1378-1402),  the  eldest  son  of  Rob- 
.  ert  III  of  Scotland:  regent  of  Scot- 
land, 12,  287 

Rothschild,  Sir  Lionel  de  (19th  cen- 
tury), an  English  politician:  elected 
member  of  Parliament,   1,  422 

Rothschild,  Mayer  Anselm  (1743- 
1812),  a  Jewish  banker:  rise  of,  17, 
328 

Rotunda  Bill,  a  reform  bill  in  the 
Irish  Parliament  (1783),  12,  192 

Rouairie,  Count  de  la  (18th  century), 
Vendean  leader:  arrest  of,  for  the 
insurrection  of  La  Vendee,  10,  248 

Roubli,  Wilhelm,  (16th  century),  a 
Swiss  ecclesiastic:  marriage  of,  13, 
435 

Rouen,  France:  sieges  of  (1419),  11, 
199;  (1562),  9,  154;  (1591),  13,  158 

Rouher,  Eugene  (1814-1884),  a  French 
statesman;  becomes  minister  of  state, 


9,  454;  becomes  president  of  the 
senate,  459 

Rouille,  Pierre,  Seigneur  de  Marbeut 
(1657-1712),  a  French  diplomat: 
peace  envoy  to  Holland,  9,  223 

Roumanians:    see    Rumanians 

Round  Top,  a  small  mountain  in  Penn- 
sylvania: in  battle  of  Gettysburg, 
24,  780;  held  by  Sickles,  780 

Roupinho,  Fuaz  (12th  century),  a 
Portuguese  military  leader:  his  cam- 
paign against  the  Mohammedans,  8, 
276 

Rous  (ca.  5th  century),  a  Slav  chief: 
leads  migration  of  the  Czechs,  17, 
18 

Rousseau,  Jean  Jacques  (1712-1778),  a 
Swiss  philosopher  and  author:  his 
influence  on  American  Constitution, 
23,  330 

Rousseau,  Lovell  Harrison  (1820- 
1869),  an  American  general:  organ- 
izes  Kentucky  troops,  24,  722 

Roussin,  Albin  Reine,  Baron  (1781- 
1854),  a  French  admiral:  his  expe- 
dition against  Portugal,  9,  399;  sent 
by  France  to  aid  Mahmud  II  of 
Turkey,  14,  434;  threats  of,  15,  291 

Rouville,  Hertel  de  (late  17th  cen- 
tury), a  French  soldier  in  America: 
attacks  Salmon  Falls,  23,  158;  in 
Queen  Anne's  War,  160 

Rouvroy,  Louis  de:  see  Saint-Simon, 
Duke  of 

Roveredo  (Rovereto),  Austria:  battle 
of  (1796),  9,  300 

Rowan,  Archibald  Hamilton  (late 
18th  century),  an  Irish  religious  agi- 
tator: his  labors  in  behalf  of  Cath- 
olic emancipation,  12,  201 

Rowley,  Old:  see  Charles  II,  King  of 
England 

Roxalana:  see  Khurrem 

Roxana  (d.  311  B.  C.)»  the  wife  of 
Alexander  the  Great:  espoused  by 
Alexander,  2,  503;  causes  murder 
of  Statira,  511 

Roxburgh,  Scotland:  siege  of  (1460), 
12,  296 

Roy,  Count  Antoine  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), a  French  politician:  becomes 
minister  of  finance,  9,  372 


604 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Royal  African  Company,  a  British 
trading    company:    formed     (1672), 

19,  31;  interests  of,  in  America,  23, 
128;  British  sovereigns  members  of, 
24,  562 

Royal  Butcher,  The:  see  Henry  VIII, 
King  of  England 

Royal  Colonies,  colonies  under  the  di- 
rect authority  of  the  Crown:  in 
America,  23,  114 

Royal  Council  of  the  Indies,  a  Span- 
ish council  for  the  control  of  col- 
onies in  America:  established  (1511), 

20,  45 

Royal  Geographical  Society,  a  British 
society:  establishes  an  African  Ex- 
ploration Fund,  19,  62 

"  Royal  George,"  an  English  man-of- 
war:  built,  5,  163 

Royal  Indian  Engineering  College,  an 
English  college  in  India:  estab- 
lishes a  course  in  forestry,  5,  7 

Royal  Niger  Company,  a  British  trad- 
ing company  in  Africa:  organized, 
19,  156;  sketch  of,  20,  258 

Royal  Philippines  Company,  a  Span- 
ish trading  company:  chartered 
(1785),  20,  313 

Royal  Society  of  Sciences,  a  society 
in  Austria:  founded   (1784),  17,  341 

Royal  Titles  Act,  an  act  proclaiming 
Queen  Victoria,  Empress  of  India 
(1876),  5,  255 

Royalist  Conspiracy,  a  conspiracy  in 
the  French  Revolution,  10,  379 

Royalist  Party,  The,  a  party  in  the 
French  Revolution:  its  opposition 
to  the  reelection  of  two-thirds  of 
the  members  of  the  convention,  10, 
355;  insurrection  of,  356 

Royer-Collard,  Pierre  Paul  (1763- 
1845),  French  philosopher  and 
statesman:  leads  constitutional 
party,  9,  358;  leader  of  the  Doc- 
trinaires, 371;  opposes  the  Septem- 
ber Laws,  408 

Royhestvenski,  Admiral  (ca.  1900), 
Russian  naval  officer:  commands 
Baltic  fleet,  7,  313,  i5,  363 

Rozriadnia  Knigi,  Russian  books  of 
pedigrees:  destruction  of  the,  15, 
25 


Rubatino  Navigation  Company:  cedes 
its  coaling  station  in  the  Bay  of 
Assab  to  the  government,  4,  404 

Rubens,  Peter  Paul  (1577-1640),  Flem- 
ish painter:  sketch  of,  13,  220 

Rubicon,  river  in  Italy:  Caesar 
crosses,  3,  333 

Rubio,  General  (late  19th  century), 
Venezuelan  general:  deserts  Paez, 
31,  98 

Rubruquis  (early  13th  century),  trav- 
eler in  China:  his  description  of  the 
Chinese,  6,  18 

Rud,  Otte  (early  16th  century),  Dan- 
ish admiral:  defeats  the  Liibeckers 
and  Swedes,  16,   140 

Rudiger,  Count  Feodor  (early  19th 
century)  :  his  campaign  against  Tur- 
key, 15,  285;  in  the  Hungarian  in- 
surrection, 302;  Gorgey  surrenders 
to,  18,  401 

Rudini,  Antonio  de,  Marquis  of  (1839 

),    Italian    statesman:    succeeds 

Crispi,  4,  404 

Rudio  (d.  1858),  Italian  conspirator: 
attempts  to  assassinate  Napoleon 
III,  9,  449 

Rudolf  (I)  of  Hapsburg  (1218-1291), 
Holy  Roman  Emperor,  1273-1291: 
career  of,  13,  361,  17,  99;  reign  of, 
18,  179;  aids  Hungary  against  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  59,  75;  invades  Bohemia, 
78 

Rudolf  II  (1552-1612),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1576-1612:  educated  in 
Spain,  18,  262;  reign  of,  17,  180,  18, 
263;  protects  Gustaf,  16,  164;  pat- 
ronizes Tycho  Brahe,  198;  his  reign 
as  King  of  Bohemia,  17,  198;  his 
reign  as  King  of  Hungary,  222; 
offers  to  mediate  between  Spain 
and  the  Netherlands,  13,  133 

Rudolf  I,  King  of  Burgundy,  888-912: 
his  war  with  Arnulf,  18,  99;  con- 
quers Savoy,  4,  272 

Rudolf  II,  King  of  Burgundy:  see  Ru- 
dolf, King  of  France 

Rudolf  III,  King  of  Burgundy,  993- 
1032:  character  of,  13,  345;  makes 
Henry  II  his  heir,  18,  122;  his  rela- 
tions with  Conrad  II  of  Germany, 
125 


GENERAL    INDEX 


605 


Rudolf  (Rodolph),  King  of  France, 
923-936,  and  of  Burgundy,  912-936: 
reign  of,  9,  54;  his  conquests  in 
Switzerland,  13,  344 

Rudolf  of  Austria,  King  of  Hungary, 
1306-1307:    reign   of,    17,    113 

Rudolf  II  (d.  1290),  Duke  of  Austria, 
1282-1290:  receives  Austria,  18,  181; 
death  of,  182 

Rudolf  IV,  Duke  of  Austria,  1358- 
1365:  reign  of,  17,  102 

Rudolf  (d.  1080),  Duke  of  Suabia 
(Alamannia) :  career  of,  13,  347; 
supplants  Henry  IV  of  Germany, 
18,  136 

Rudolf  II  (d.  1249),  Count  of  Haps- 
burg:  his  struggle  with  the  Swiss 
towns,  13,  359 

Rudolf  III,  Count  of  Hapsburg:  see 
Rudolf  I,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

Rudolf  (d.  1899),  Crown  Prince  of 
Austria:  death  of,  17,  456 

Rudolf  (d.  1309),  son  of  Albert  I  of 
Germany:  death   of,   18,   184 

Rudolf  von  Balm  (early  14th  cen- 
tury), a  Thuringian  patriot:  plots 
against  Albert  I  of  Austria,  13,  364 

Rudolf  von   Erlach:   see   Erlach 

Rudolf  von  Stadek  (13th  century),  a 
German  minnesinger:  sketch  of,  17, 
98 

Rudolf  von  Wart  (d.  1308),  a  Thurin- 
gian patriot:  plots  against  Albert  I 
of  Austria,  13,  364 

Rudolf  von  Werdenberg,  Count  (15th 
century) :  aids  rebellion  of  Appen- 
zell,  13,  390 

Rudolph:  see  Rudolf 

Ruel,  Peace  of,  a  truce  between  the 
parties  of  Anne  of  Austria  and  Car- 
dinal Mazarin,  on  one  side,  and  of 
Louis  XIV  on  the  other  (1649):  ac- 
count of,  9,  202 

Ruffin,  Edward  (19th  century),  Amer- 
ican Confederate  volunteer:  fires 
second  shot  of  Civil  War  (1861), 
24,  7ii 

Rufinus  (335-395  A.  D.),  Roman  court- 
ier of  Gallic  birth:  guardian  of  Ar- 
cadius,  18,  35;  proves  a  traitor  to 
the  interest  of  Arcadius,  4,  137; 
murder  of,    18,   35 


Rufio  (1st  century  B.  C),  son  °f  a 
Roman    freedman:    governs    Egypt, 

3,  371 

Rufus,  Marcus  Caelius  (82-48  B.  C.)» 
Roman  orator:  reforms  of,  3,  365 

Rufus,  Quintus  (early  1st  century  B. 
C),  Roman  general:  takes  command 
of  the  army  of  the  north  of  Italy, 
3,  212;  death  of,  212 

Rufus  Pompeius,  Roman  statesman, 
consul,  88  B.  C. :  opposes  reforms 
of  Sulpicius,  3,  210 

Rufus  Publius,  Roman  statesman,  con- 
sul, 105  B.  C. :  his  method  of  drill, 
3,  197;  charged  with  maladministra- 
tion of  his  province,  202 

Ruhrart,    Holland:    battle    of    (1604), 

13,  179 

Rule  of  1756,  a  regulation  of  colonial 
trade  with  neutral  countries  in  time 
of  war:  enforcement  sought  by  Eng- 
land, 23,  361;  debars  neutrals  from 
colonial  trade,  406 

Rulhiere,  Claude  Carloman  de  (1735- 
1791),  French  historian:  memoirs  of, 
15,  154,  156 

Rum  Trade,  in  New  England,  23,  135; 
with  the  Indians,  175 

Rumanians,  Latin  race  of  eastern  Eu- 
rope: contribute  to  Austro-Hunga- 
rian  history,  17,  5;  location  of,  8; 
origin  of,  19;  dissatisfied  with  the 
dual  system  of  government,  430; 
rupture  of,  with  Greeks,  2,  549 

Rumelia,  southeastern  Europe:  occu- 
pied by  Turks,   14,  32 

Rumiantsov  (Rioomantsof,  Rjuman- 
zow),  Alexander  (1680-1749),  Rus- 
sian diplomat:  searches  for  Alexis, 
15,  74;  confirms  treaty  with  Tur- 
key, 80 

Rumiantsov  (Rioomantsof-Zadoonai- 
ski,  Rioumiantzof-Zadunaiski),  Pe- 
ter, Count  (1725-1796),  Russian  gen- 
eral: his  campaigns  against  the 
Turks,  15,  176,  184;  commands  Rus- 
sian forces,  14,  324,  325;  crosses 
the   Danube,  334 

Runeberg,  Johan  Ludwig  (1 804-1 877), 
Swedish  poet:  sketch  of,  16,  264 

Runes,  letters  used  by  the  Northmen: 
description  of,  16,  9 


606 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Runich,  Dmitri  (early  19th  century), 
Russian  statesman:  encourages  Al- 
exander's reactionary  views,  15, 
265 

Runjeet  Singh:  see  Ran  jit  Singh 

Runnimede,  England:  meeting  of  John 
and  the  barons  at,  II,  127 

Rupert  (1215)  (14th  century),  King 
of  Germany,  1400-1410:  defeats  the 
Suabian  cities,  18,  197;  election  of, 
18,  198,  17,  118;  death  of,  18,  200 

Rupert,  Prince  (Robert  of  Bavaria) 
(1619-1682),  German  soldier:  at  the 
battle  of  Edgehill,  11,  344;  in  the 
war  with  the  Dutch,  13,  234 

Rurik,  Norse  chief,  Russian  emperor, 
862  A.  D.:  invited  to  Russia,  15,  5, 
16,  39;  death  of  the  last  of  the 
Rurikovitches,  15,   19 

Rusas  (d.  ca.  715  B.  C),  King  of 
Urartu:    defeated   by   Assyrians,    1, 

85 

Ruscuk:  see  Rustchuk 

Rush,  Benjamin  (1745-1813),  Ameri- 
can physician  and  philanthropist: 
plots  against  Washington,  23,  261; 
Jefferson's  letter  to,  390 

Rush,  Richard  (1780-1859),  American 
statesman:  minister  to  England,  23, 
447 

Russ,  Melchior  (15th  century),  Swiss 
historian:  sketch  of,  13,  427 

Russell,  Edward,  Earl  of  Oxford  (1651- 
1727),  English  admiral:  at  the  bat- 
tle of  La  Hogue,  9,  219 

Russell,  Edward,  Earl  of  Oxford 
(1651-1727),  an  English  admiral: 
sketch  of,  11,  439;  First  Lord  of 
the  Admiralty,  441;  resigns  his  of- 
fice, 447;   impeached,   450 

Russell,  John,  4th  Duke  of  Bed- 
ford (1710-1771),  an  English  states- 
man: leader  of  Parliamentary  fac- 
tion, 11,  507;  admitted  to  office, 
508;  death  of,  514 

Russell,  John,  1st  Earl  Russell  (1792- 
1878),  an  English  statesman,  ora- 
tor, and  author:  election  reforms  of, 
11,  583;  introduces  the  first  Reform 
Bill,  587;  member  of  Grey's  Cab- 
inet, 588;  becomes  Home  Secretary 
in    Melbourne's    ministry,    595;    at- 


tempts to  form  a  ministry,  606;  first 
ministry  of,  606;  quoted  on  Polk's 
inaugural  address,  24,  543;  in  the 
Crimean  War,  15,  306;  his  relations 
with  Poland,  384;  second  ministry 
of,  11,  623;  remonstrances  of,  15, 
330;  refuses  arbitration  of  claims 
controversy,  24,  882 

Russell,  Jonathan  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), an  American  statesman:  ap- 
pointed on  peace  commission,  23, 
429 

Russell,  William,  Lord  Russell  (1639- 
1683),  an  English  statesman:  im- 
plicated in  the  Rye  House  Plot,  11, 
414 

Russellville,  Kentucky:,  secessionists 
hold  convention  at,  24,  722 

Russia:  the  Varingjar  settle  in,  16, 
39;  reduced  by  Tartars,  14,  4;  under 
Mongol  subjection,  32,  46;  appears 
in  Turkish  history,  117;  assumes  im- 
portance in  the  Eastern  Question,  7; 
rise  of,  192;  decline  of,  211;  sends 
embassy  to  China  (1664),  6,  59; 
signs  Treaty  of  Nerchinsk,  67;  de- 
velopment of  hostility  to  Turkey, 
14,  244,  247;  armistice  with  Turkey, 
269;  in  relation  to  Greece,  2,  539, 
548;  effects  thirty  years'  peace  with 
Turkey,  14,  274;  establishes  perma- 
nent footing  in  Peking,  6,  80;  es- 
tablishes college  at  Peking,  125; 
army  of,  disciplined  by  Miinnich, 
14,  308;  allies  against  France,  380; 
cooperates  with  Turkey  against 
France,  384;  Servia  appeals  to,  392; 
rivalry  with  France,  392;  in  Peace 
of  Tilsit,  404;  aids  France  against 
Austria,  406;  at  war  with  France, 
10,  484;  offers  to  mediate  between 
United  States  and  Great  Britain, 
23,  428;  in  Holy  Alliance,  14,  411; 
sides  with  Greece,  2,  542;  attitude 
toward  Northwest,  23,  447;  allusion 
to,  in  Monroe  Doctrine,  449;  treaties 
with  the  United  States  (1824  and 
1825)  23,  449,  24,  541;  her  attitude 
toward  Turkey,  14,  421;  joins  Eu- 
ropean powers  in  intervention  for 
Greece,  423;  aids  Mahmud  II 
against     Mohammed     AH,    434;     in 


GENERAL    INDEX 


607 


agreement  of  the  Dardanelles,  437; 
cedes  Alaska  to  the  United  States, 
24,  878;  Alaskan  purchase  ends  do- 
minion of,  in  America,  878;  friendly 
attitude  during  Civil  War,  878;  Behr- 
ing  Sea  rights  of,  980;  concessions 
to,  6,  271;  in  Manchuria,  308;  in 
Korea  and  Manchuria,  7,  275;  ob- 
struction policy  of,  6,  272,  286,  306; 
in  Boxer  rebellion,  311;  disputes 
with,  over  Behring  Sea,  24,  1055 

Russia,  History  of:  the  period  of  na- 
tional development,  15,  3;  the  ac- 
cession of  Peter  the  Great,  24;  the 
conflicts  with  Charles  XII  of  Swe- 
den, 38;  the  epoch  of  reforms,  63; 
the  reigns  of  Catherine  I  and  Peter 
II,  93;  ascendency  of  German  influ- 
ence under  Queen  Anne,  103;  Russia 
as  a  factor  in  the  politics  of  Europe, 
126;  the  assassination  of  Peter  III, 
152;  Catherine  the  Great,  161;  the 
reign  of  Paul,  200;  Alexander  I  and 
Napoleon,  213;  Napoleon's  retreat 
from  Moscow,  242;  the  reactionary 
period,  261;  the  rule  of  absolutism 
under  Nicholas  I,  271;  the  Crimean 
War,  304;  Alexander  II  and  liberal 
progress,  321;  the  reign  of  Alexan- 
der III,  341;  the  reign  of  Nicholas 
II,  345 

Russia,  The  Jerusalem  of:  see  Mos- 
cow 

Russia,  The  Key  of:   see   Smolensko 

Russian-American  Company,  a  com- 
pany which  controlled  Alaska  until 
1861:  charter  expires,  24,  877 

Russians,  Holy  Mother  of  the:  see 
Moscow 

Russkaya  Pravda,  a  Russian  code  of 
laws:  description  of,  15,  181 

Russo-Chinese  Bank,  a  bank  estab- 
lished in  St.  Petersburg  in  1895: 
established,  7,  276 

Russo-Japanese  Peace  Conference 
(1905):  held  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H., 
7,  318,  24,   1079 

Russo-Japanese  War,  a  war  begun  by 
Japan  to  enforce  the  promised  evac- 
uation of  Manchuria  by  the  Russians 
(1904-1905):  causes,  6,  308,  15,  359; 
Admiral  Togo  attacks  Russian  fleet, 


7.  304,  308;  Admiral  Kamimura  at- 
tacks Vladivostok  squadron,  309; 
battle  of  Liao-yang,  309;  capture  of 
the  pass  by  Mo-tien-ling,  310;  bat- 
tle of  Sha  River,  311;  capture  of 
Port  Arthur,  312;  Russians  defeated 
at  Mukden,  312;  battle  of  the  Sea 
of  Japan,  315;  President  Roosevelt's 
part  in,  24,  1079;  Peace  Conference 
at  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  7, 
318;  treaty  of  peace  signed,  320;  ar- 
ticles of  the  treaty,  320;  effect  of,  on 
Norway,  16,  286;  new  agreement 
between  England  and  Japan  in,  II, 
642 

Russo-Turkish  Wars: 

I736-I739-  Russia  and  Austria 
against  Turkey,  ended  by  Peace 
of  Belgrade,  16,  227 
1877-1878.  A  war  between  Russia 
and  Turkey,  brought  about  by  the 
misdeeds  of  Turkish  officials, 
ended  by  the  Treaty  of  Berlin, 
11,  632 

Rustam  (early  7th  century),  a  Persian 
general:  at  the  battle  of  Cadesia,  1, 
260;  death  of,  5,  322 

Rustchuk  (Ruscuk),  a  city  in  Bulgaria: 
assault  on  (1810),  14,  406 

Rutgers,  Elizabeth  (late  18th  century), 
an  American  woman  who  took  part 
in  the  New  York  Trespass  Act  con- 
troversy: sues  Joshua  Waddington, 
23,  309 

Rutgers  College,  a  college  at  New 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey:  founded, 
23,  141 

Ruthenians,  a  race  of  peasants  in  Ga- 
licia:  condition  of,  17,  347 

Ruthven,  Lord  (late  16th  century),  a 
Scotch  conspirator:  concerned  in  the 
murder  of  Rizzio,  12,  316 

Ruthven,  Alexander  (d.  1600),  a 
Scotch  conspirator:  attempts  to  hold 
James  VI  as  a  prisoner,  12,  328 

Rutledge,  Edward  (1740-1800),  an 
American  jurist  and  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence:  dele- 
gate to  first  Continental  Congress, 
23,  223;  member  of  South  Carolina 
ratifying  convention,  336 

Rutledge,  John  (1739-1800),  an  Amer- 


608 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


ican  jurist  and  orator:  delegate  to 
first  Continental  Congress,  23,  223; 
in  Constitutional  Convention,  324; 
member  of  South  Carolina  ratifying 
convention,  336 

Rutulians  (Rutuli),  a  legendary  peo- 
ple of  Latium:  wars  with  Rome,  3, 
22 

Ruysdael:  see  Rysdael 

Ruyter  (Ruiter),  Michel  Adriaanszoon 
de  (1607-1675),  a  Dutch  admiral:  at 
battle  of  Plymouth,  13,  230;  in  the 
war  with  Sweden,  13,  232,  16,  209; 
his  struggles  against  the  French 
and  English,  9,  210;  death  of,  9, 
212,  13,  240,  note 

Ryder,  Charles  Henry  Dudley  (1867- 

),  an  English  soldier:  visits  the 

Tashi  Lama,  5,  302 

Rye  (19th  century),  a  Danish  general: 
in  the  Slesvig-Holstein  War,  16, 
271 

Rye  House  Plot,  in   English   history, 


a  conspiracy  to  kill  Charles  II  and 
the  Duke  of  York  (1683),  II,  414 

Ryhove,  Francis  de  Kethulle,  Lord  of 
(late  16th  century),  a  Flemish  poli- 
tician: becomes  a  demagogue,  13, 
129;  death  of,  141 

Rypergherste,  Giles  de  (14th  century), 
a  Flemish  military  officer:  in  the 
English  army,  13,  34 

Rysdael  (Ruysdael),  Jakob  (1625- 
1682),  a  Dutch  landscape  painter: 
sketch  of,  13,  220 

Ryswick  (Ryswijk),  Peace  of,  a  treaty 
between  France  on  one  side  and 
England,  the  Netherlands,  and 
Spain  on  the  other  (1697):  4,  326,  8, 
384,  9,  219,  ii,  445,  13,  245,  18, 
306,  20,  76,  114,  23,  159 

Rzad,  a  secret  committee  in  Russia 
(1863) :  sketch  of,  15,  326 

Rzuchowski,  Kajetan  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), a  Polish  insurgent:  leads  the 
Cracow  revolutionists,   15,  299 


s 


Saa,  Colonel  (19th  century),  South 
American  military  commander: 
crushes  insurrection  in  the  province 
of  San  Juan,  Argentina,  21,  129 

Saa,  Duarte  de  (16th  century),  Gov- 
ernor of  the  Moluccas:  administra- 
tion of,  8,  437 

Saadat  Ali  Khan  (18th  century),  Per- 
sian Shah:  becomes  an  independent 
ruler,  5,  126 

Saadia  ben  Joseph  (892-942  A.  D.): 
Jewish  theologian  and  philosopher: 
sketch  of,  1,  415 

Saarbrucken  (Saarbruck),  Prussia: 
battle  of  (1870),  9,  463,  18,  421 

Saardam,  Holland:  Peter  the  Great  at, 
15,  33 

Saatz,  Bohemia:  siege  of  (1421),  17, 
131 

Saavedra  (16th  century),  South 
American  military  officer:  his  cam- 
paign in  Chili,  21,  22 

Saavedra,  Angel  de:  see  Rivas,  Duke 
of 

Saba  (Sheba),  Arabia:  rise  and  fall 
of,  1,  186 

Sabako  (Shabaka)  (8th  century  B.  C), 
King  of  Egypt:  reign  of,  I,  30 

Sabbatai,  Levi  (1626-1676),  a  Jew  of 
Smyrna:  claims  to  be  the  Messiah, 
1,  421 

Sabbath  Day:  New  England  observ- 
ance of,  23,  145 

Sabeans,  an  Arabic  people:  migration 
of,  1,  186 

Sabine  River,  Texas:  as  Florida 
boundary,  23,  445 

Sabines,  ancient  people  of  central 
Italy:  wars  with  Rome,  3,  22 

Sabinus,  Cornelius  (ca.  40  A.  D.),  prae- 
torian tribune:  assassinates  Caligula, 
4,  58 

Sabinus,  Quintus  (ca.  55  B.  C),  lieu- 
tenant of  Caesar's:  his  campaign  in 


Gaul,  9,  9;  defeated  by  Gauls,  3, 
305 

Sable,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  concluded 
between  France  and  Brittany 
(1488),  9,  128 

Sablukov  (18th  century),  Russian 
courtier:  memoirs  of,  15,  200,  209 

Sac  Indians,  North  America:  in  Black 
Hawk  War,  23,  506 

Sacheverell,  Henry  (ca.  1672-1724), 
English  churchman  and  Tory:  im- 
peached, 11,  459 

Sacken  (19th  century),  a  general  of 
the  allied  forces  against  Napoleon: 
his  campaign  against  Napoleon,  9, 
346 

Sackville,  George,  known  also  as  Lord 
George  Germain  (1716-1785),  Eng- 
lish general:  at  battle  of  Minden, 
11,  501 

Sackville  Episode:  in  political  cam- 
paign of  1888,  24,  967 

Sacra  di  San  Michele,  Italy:  battle  of, 
4,  174 

Sacramento,  California:  center  of 
gold-mines,  24,  596 

Sacramento,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1846), 
22,  304 

Sacred  Mount  Secession,  a  secession 
of  the  Roman  farmers:  cause,  3,  40; 
result,  41 

Sacred  Wars,  wars  waged  by  mem- 
bers of  Amphictyonic  League  in  de- 
fense of  the  shrine  of  Delphi:  the 
first  (ca.  590  B.  C),  2,  103;  the 
second  (356-346  B.  C),  460;  the 
third  (339-338  B.  C),  475;  end  of, 
468 

Sacriportus,  ancient  locality  in  Italy: 
battle  of  (82  B.  C),  3,  227 

Sad  (Mirza)  Ali  Mohammed,  called 
"  the  Bab "  (d.  1850),  Persian  Mo- 
hammedan: founds  the  Babis,  5, 
362 


609 


610 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Sa'd  ibn  Walik  (7th  century  A.  D.), 
Arabian  commander:  conquers  Per- 
sia, 5,  322 

Sadamori,  Taira-no:  see  Taira-no- 
Sadamori 

Sadducees,  The,  political  and  religious 
party  in  Judaea:  rise  of,  1,  407; 
power  of,  destroyed,  409 

Sa'di  (Muskhu-'d-Din)  (ca.  1190- 
1291),    Persian   poet:    sketch   of,   5, 

323 

Sadoleto,  Jacopo  (i477-i547)>  Italian 
writer  and  cardinal:  labors  for  the 
restoration  of  letters,  4,  299 

Sadowa,  Bohemia:  battle  of  (1866), 
(called  also  battle  of  Koniggratz), 
4,  390,  %  455,  16,  275,  17,  392,  18, 
411 

Sadyk  Pasha:  see  Czaikowski,  Michael 

Saemund  (ca.  1056-1133),  Iceland 
scholar  and  historian:  sketch  of,  16, 
8 

Safarik  (1795-1861),  Hungarian  phi- 
lologist and  antiquary:  sketch  of, 
17,  3435  belongs  to  the  Slovaks, 
356 

Safawi  Dynasty,  Persia:  reign  of,  5, 
340 

Safdar  Jang  (18th  century),  nawab 
of  Oudh:  reign  of,  5,  126 

Saffah  (8th  century),  Mohammedan 
caliph:  accession  of,  1,  340 

Saffarid  Dynasty  (Soffarides),  a  Mo- 
hammedan dynasty  which  reigned 
in  Persia,  872-902  A.  D.;  rise  of,  1, 
364;  reign  of,  5,  3^7 

Safi  (Sophi)  I,  Shah  of  Persia,  1628- 
1642:  reign  of,  5,  346 

Safi  (Sophi)  II,  Shah  of  Persia,  1666- 
1694:  reign  of,  5,  347 

Safiye  (16th  century),  Venetian  fa- 
vorite of  Murad  III  of  Turkey:  in- 
fluence of,  14,  201,  204,  205,      8 

Sagamoso,  South  America:  battle  of 
(1819),  21,  68 

Sagas,  The,  mediaeval  chronicles: 
main  treatment,  16,  7;  Ynglingar, 
37;  Eyrbyggja,  45,  49 

Sagasta,  Proxedes  Mateo  (1827- 
I903),  Spanish  statesman:  adminis- 
tration  of,   8,   516;    recalls   Weyler, 


24,  1023;  returns  to  power,  8,  521; 
death  of,  521 

Sage  Hen  State,  The:  see  Nevada 

Sagrse,  southeastern  Europe:  taken 
by  Murad,  14,  29 

Saguier  (19th  century),  South  Ameri- 
can statesman:  president  of  Para- 
guay (1878-1881),  21,  260 

Saguntum,  Spain:  attacked  by  Hanni- 
bal, 3,  114;  siege  of,  8,  15;  makes 
alliances  with  Rome,  3,  113 

Saguta  (Saegud),  Asia  Minor:  pos- 
sessed by  Ertoghrul,  14,  10 

Sah  Dynasty,  The,  India:  reign  of,  5, 
74 

Sahara,  The,  Africa:  value  of,  19, 
168 

Sahu  (18th  century),  Maratha  king: 
reign  of,   5,   132 

Saicho  (ca.  8th  century),  Japanese 
priest:  teachings  of,  7,  41 

Said  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Moham- 
medan soldier:  captures  Persian 
capital,  1,  261 

Said  AH,  Sultan  of  Egypt,  1854-1863: 
reign  of,  1,  38 

Saif  ad-Daula  (10th  century  A.  D.), 
Mohammedan  caliph:  deserts  Alep- 
po, 1,  369 

Saigo  Takamori  (19th  century),  Jap- 
anese statesman:  joins  lord  of 
Choshii  against  the  shogun,  7,  165; 
made  Sanyo,  167;  negotiates  treaty 
for  surrender  of  Tokugawa  Yoshi- 
nobu,  169;  rebellion  of,  178 

Saigo  Tsugumichi,  Marquis  (19th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  statesman:  attempts 
to  negotiate  treaties  with  European 
powers,  7,  190;  his  campaign  in  For- 
mosa, 192;  accompanies  Count  ltd 
to  China,  196;  made  minister  of  the 
army,  220 

Saigon,  Farther  India:  occupied  by 
the  French,  20,  272 

Sailor   King,    The:    see   William    IV 

Sai-ma-tsi,  Manchuria:  captured  by 
the  Japanese  (1894),  7,  208;  (1904) 
310 

Saimei:  see  Kolsyoku 

St  Albans,  England:  battles  of  (1455), 
11,  211;  (1461),  212 


GENERAL    INDEX 


611 


St.  Albans,  Assembly  of,  jury  from 
all  England  convened  by  King  John 
to  assess  the  damages  of  the  clergy 
(1213):  account  of,  II,  125 

Saint-Aldegonde,  Philippe  Maruix  de 
(1538-1598),  Flemish  writer:  de- 
fends Antwerp,  13,  150 

Saint  Andre,  Jacques  d'Albon,  Marshal 
(d.  1562),  French  commander: 
forms  league  with  the  Guises,  9,  152; 
death  of,  154 

St.  Annunziata  (Collar  of  Savoy),  Or- 
der of,  association  of  fifteen  knights 
founded  by  Amadeus  VI  of  Italy: 
account  of,  4,  275 

Saint-Antoine,      France:      battle      of 

(1653),  9,  205 

St.  Arnaud,  Arnaud  Jacques  Leroy  de 
(1800-1854),  French  general:  assists 
schemes  of  Napoleon  III,  9,  442;  in 
the  Crimean  War,  9,  447,  11,  615, 
14,  452,  15,  311 

Saint  Aubin  du  Cormier,  France:  bat- 
tle of  (1488),  9,  128 

St.  Augustine,  Florida:  founded,  23, 
43,  48;  captured  by  Drake,  22,  135; 
bombarded  by  Oglethorpe,  22,  194, 
23,  81 

Saint  Bartholomew,  Massacre  of 
(1572) :  account  of,  9,  157,  18,  262, 
20,  298 

St.  Brice,  Massacre  of  (1002  A.  D.), 
II,  158 

St.  Charles,  Canada:  battle  of  (1837), 
20,   156 

St.  Christopher,  one  of  the  West  In- 
dies: settled,  20,  68;  English  ex- 
pelled, 76 

Saint  Clair,  General  Arthur  (1734- 
1818),  American  officer:  surrenders 
Ticonderoga,  23,  252;  court-mar- 
tialed, 252;  governor  of  Northwest 
Territory,  319;  defeat  of,  365 

Saint  Cloud,  Convention  of,  a  meeting 
of  commissioners  from  the  French, 
English  and  Prussian  forces  (1815): 
account  of,  9,  365 

St.  Croix,  Island  of,  one  of  the  West 
Indies:  under  Danish  government, 
20,  297 

St.  Croix  River,  North  America:  dis- 
pute as  to  location,  23,  362,  24,  530 


Saint-Cyr,  Souvion  (1 764-1830), 
French  statesman:  his  reforms  in 
the  army,  9,  366;  minister  of  war 
in  Richelieu  ministry,  367 

St.  Denis,  France:  battles  of  (1562), 
13,  460;  (1567),  9,  155;  (1837),  30, 
156 

Saint-Denis,  Mathieu  de  (13th  cen- 
tury), French  statesman:  appointed 
regent,  9,  84 

Saint  Domingo:  see  Santo  Domingo 

St.  Elmo,  Castle  of,  Naples:  fall  of 
(1565),  14,  173 

St.  Eustache,  Canada:  battle  of  (1837), 
20,  156 

St.  Eustatius,  island  of  the  Dutch 
West  Indies:  under  Dutch  rule,  20, 
73 

St.  George  of  the  Mine,  Africa :  growth 
of,  8,    t>22 

Saint-Germain,  Claude  Louis,  Comte 
de  (1707-1778),  French  general  and 
statesman:  made  minister  of  war, 
9,   253 

Saint  Germain,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  be- 
tween the  French  Roman  Catholics 
and  Huguenots  (1570):  account  of, 
9,  157 

St.  Germain,  Treaty  of,  a  peace  be- 
tween France  and  Brandenburg 
(1679):  account  of,  16,  212 

St.  Gilles,  Council  of  (1212):  men- 
tioned, 9,  78 

Saint-Gothard,  Hungary:  battle  of 
(1664),  9,  208,  14,  238,  241,  17,  228 

St.  Gotthard  Railways:  building  of 
the,  13,  563,  574 

St.  Helena,  island  off  the  coast  of  Af- 
rica: sketch  of,  19,  213,  20,  263 

Saint  Jacques  (St  Jacob  or  St.  Jakob), 
Switzerland:  battle  of  (1444),  9,  118, 
13,  400,  18,  213 

St.  Jakob  an  der  Birs,  Hospital  of, 
Switzerland:  battle  of  (1445),  13, 
402 

St.  Jean  d'Acre,  Asia  Minor:  sieges  of 
(1 194),  9,  75 ;  (1799),  9,  309,  10, 
409,   14,  381 

St.  Jean  Pied  de  Port,  Spain:  siege 
of  (1516),  8,  340 

St  John,  North  American  island:  dis- 
covered, 20,  49 


612 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


St.  John,  Henry,  Viscount  Boling- 
broke  (1678-1751),  English  author, 
orator,  and  politician:  holds  office 
as  a  moderate  Tory,  11,  455;  cre- 
ated Viscount  Bolingbroke,  463;  be- 
comes Secretary  of  State  to  the  Pre- 
tender, 469;  his  opposition  to  Wal- 
pole,  478;  his  influence  on  Voltaire, 
10,  13 

St.    John,    John    Pierce     (1833 ), 

American  lawyer  and  statesman: 
nominated  for  President  (1884),  24, 
946 

Saint  John,  Knights  of:  founded,  18, 
173;  occupy  Rhodes,  2,  536;  settle 
in  Malta,  540;  in  crusade  against 
Turks,  14,  39;  receive  Prince  Djem, 
109;  defend  Malta,  170 

St.  John,  Oliver  (1596-1673),  English 
jurist  and  Republican:  his  mission 
to  The  Hague,  13,  229 

St  John  Lateran,  Council  of,  a  coun- 
cil of  the  bishops  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church  (1513):  account  of, 
9,  135 

St.  John's  River,  North  America:  dis- 
covered, 23,  47;  made  boundary  be- 
tween Maine  and  Canada,  24,  531 

St.  Jorge  da  Mina:  see  El  Mina 

St.  Julien,  Peace  cf,  truce  between 
the  Protestants  and  Catholics  in 
Switzerland,  13,  447 

Saint  Just,  Antoine  Louis  Leon  (1767- 
1794),  French  Revolutionist:  made 
member  of  the  committee  of  safety, 
9,  285;  his  speech  on  the  king's  in- 
violability, 10,  230;  his  threatening 
speech  in  the  convention,  291; 
recalled  from  the  army,  307;  forms 
triumvirate  with  Robespierre  and 
Couthon,  289;  arrested,  314;  re- 
leased, 315;  arrest  and  death  of,  9, 
291,  10,  318;  his  person  and  char- 
acter, 10,  299 

St.  Knud's  Guild,  a  Scandinavian  guild 
of  the  12th  century:  16,  76 

"St  Lawrence,"  an  American  frigate: 
in  the  battle  with  the  "  Merrimac," 

24,  755 
St.  Lawrence,  Gulf  of,  an  arm  of  the 
Atlantic,   at   the   mouth    of   the   St. 
Lawrence    river:    fishery    privileges 


granted   to   the   United    States,   24, 

959 

St.  Lawrence  River,  a  river  of  North 
America:  as  boundary  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia, 23,  167;  as  British  boundary, 
169 

Saint-Leger  (late  18th  century),  a 
French  revolutionist:  conduct  and 
reception  of,  at  the  convention,  10, 
338 

St.  Leger,  Sir  Anthony  (16th  century), 
Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland:  adminis- 
tration of,  12,  83;  preaches  Protes- 
tant doctrines  in  Ireland,  85 

St.  Leger,  Barry  (d.  1789),  a  British 
soldier:  attempts  to  capture  Fort 
Stanwix,  23,   254 

St.  Leger,  Sir  William  (17th  century), 
an  English  official  in  Ireland:  his 
campaign   against  the   Irish   rebels, 

12,  116 

St.  Louis,  Brazil,  South  America: 
founded,  21,  33 

St.  Louis,  Missouri,  called  The  Queen 
of  the  Mississippi  Valley:  Confed- 
erates attempt  to  gain  possession 
of  arsenal,  24,  721;  headquarters  of 
the  Whiskey  Ring,  894;  Democratic 
convention  (1876),  908;  labor  dis- 
turbances, 961;  Republican  conven- 
tion (1896),  1012;  Populist  conven- 
tion (1896),  1015;  National  Silver 
Party  convention  (1896),  1015; 
Democratic  convention  (1904),  1064 

St.  Lucia  (St.  Lucie),  British  West 
Indies:  French  policy  concerning, 
20,  100;  restored  to  France  by 
Treaty  of  Paris,  23,  198;  battle  of 
(1782),   9,   256 

St.  Lucia  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Indian 
Ocean  in  Zululand:  annexed  to  Cape 
Colony,  19,  106 

St.  Marks,  Florida:  Spanish  settlers 
aid  Seminoles,   23,  444 

St.  Martin's  Church,  Canterbury:  first 
used  by  Bertha,  II,  27 

St.  Mary's,  the  first  settlement  in 
Maryland:  settled,  23,  70 

St.    Omer,    France:    siege    of    (1677), 

13,  241 

Saint-Ouen,  Declaration  of,  a  declara- 
tion made  by  Louis  XVIII  in  which 


GENERAL    INDEX 


613 


he  guaranteed  to  France  the  liber- 
ties promised  by  the  senatorial  con- 
stitution  (1814),  9,  355 

St.  Paul,  Brazil,  South  America: 
founded,  20,  94 

St.  Paul  de  Loanda,  Angola,  South 
Africa:  founded,  19,  21 

St.  Paul's  School,  a  boy's  school  in 
London,  founded  by  Colet  in  1510: 
founded,  II,  239 

St.  Petersburg,  Russia:  founded,  15, 
45;  building  of,  87;  floods  at  (1824), 
266 

St.  Philip,  Minorca,  Balearic  Islands: 
siege  of  (1756),  9,  244 

St.  Pierre,  a  small  island  near  the 
coast  of  Newfoundland:  history  of, 
20,  268;  retained  by  France  in 
Treaty  of  Paris,  23,  198;  destroyed 
(1902),  20,  271 

Saint  Pierre  (18th  century),  a  French 
soldier  in  America:  commands  Fort 
le  Boeuf,  23,  171 

Saint  Pol,  General  (16th  century), 
French  military  officer:  his  cam- 
paign in  Italy,  9,  141 

Saint  Pol,  Louis  de  Luxembourg, 
Count  of  (1418-1475),  a  French  gen- 
eral:  execution  of,  9,    124 

St.  Quentin,  France:  battle  of  (1557), 
4,  307,  8,  354,  355,  II,  272,  13,  70 

St.  Ruth  (d.  1691),  a  French  general: 
•his  campaign  in  Ireland,  12,  150 

St.  Sacrament,  a  Portuguese  settle- 
ment near  Buenos  Ayres,  South 
America:  battles  of  (1680),  20,  95; 
(1705),  95 

Saint  Sebastian,  Spain:  taken  by  the 
French  (i795),  10,  347;  siege  of,  8, 
53i 

Saint-Severin,  French  ambassador  at 
Stockholm  (1738):  negotiations  of, 
16,  227 

Saint-Simon,  Louis  de  Rouvroy,  Duke 
of  (1675-1755),  a  French  writer  and 
diplomat:  made  member  of  the 
council  of  regency,  9,  227 

St.  Sophia,  Church  of,  the  famous 
metropolitan  church  of  the  Greeks 
at  Constantinople:  Constantine  re- 
ceives  sacrament   in,    14,    78;    con- 


verted into  mosque  by  the  Turks, 
80 

St.  Stephen,  Order  of,  an  order  insti- 
tuted by  Maria  Theresa  of  Austria 
for  civil  merit  (1764):  founded,  17, 
255 

St.  Thomas,  Island  of,  an  island  of  the 
West  Indies:  taken  by  the  Danes, 
20,  yy,  history  of,  297;  failure  of 
proposed  purchase  of,  by  the  United 
States,  24,  879 

Saint  Thome,  a  suburb  of  Madras, 
India:  battle  of  (1746),  5,  179 

St.  Thome,  Island  of:  see  San  Thome 

St.  Vacslav,  Convention  of,  a  union  of 
the  citizens  of  Prague  against  the 
nobles  (1517),  17,  149 

St.  Vincent,  an  island  of  the  British 
West  Indies:  ceded  to  England,  20, 
120;  seized  by  France  (1778),  128 

St.  Vincent,  France:  battle  of  (1793), 
10,  249 

St  Vincent,  John  Jervis,  Earl:  see 
Jervis,  John,  Earl  St.  Vincent 

St.  Vit,  Cathedral  of,  a  cathedral  at 
Prague:  founded,  17,  62 

Sainte  Marie,  a  small  island  east  of 
Madagascar:  reoccupied  by  the 
French,  19,  56,  212,  20,  277 

Sainte-Menehould,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty 
between  Marie  de'  Medici  and  the 
members  of  the  insurrection  led  by 
the  Prince  of  Conde   (1614),  9,  178 

Saintes,  France:  battle  of  (1242),  9, 
81 

Saintfield,  Ireland:  battle  of  (1798), 
12,  213 

Saints,  The  Isle  of:  see  Ireland 

Saionji,  Marquis,  a  contemporary 
Japanese  statesman:  made  president 
of  the  Constitutional  Political  Asso- 
ciation, 7,  238 

Saka  (Scythian)  Era,  an  era  in  the 
history  of  India:  founded  (78  A. 
D.),   5,  74 

Sakai  Tadakiyo  (17th  century),  Jap- 
anese statesman:  influence  of,  7, 
140 

Sakanoue-no-Tamuramaro  (8th  cen- 
tury), a  Japanese  soldier:  his  cam- 
paign against  the  Emishi,  7,  27 


614 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Sakhalin,  an  island  in  the  Sea  of 
Okhotsk:  occupied  by  Japan,  7,  188, 
318,  15,  364;  treaty  regulations  con- 
cerning, 7,  319 

Sakuma  Shozan  (late  19th  century), 
a  Japanese  politician:  assassination 

of,  7,   177 

Sala  ben  Sala  (early  15th  century),  a 
Moorish  governor  in  Spain:  at  siege 
of  Ceuta,  8,  301;  at  siege  of  Tan- 
gier, 306 

Salaberry  (19th  century),  a  Peruvian 
general:  seizes  the  governing  power 
in  Peru,  31,  195 

Saladin  (Salah-ed-Din  Yusuf  ibn- 
Ayub),  Sultan  of  Egypt  and  Syria: 
reign  of,  1,  36;  conquests  of,  9,  75; 
takes  Jerusalem,  11,  10,  18,  155 

Saladin  Tithe,  a  tax  imposed  by  Henry 
II  of  England,  11,  no 

Salado,  a  river  in  Spain:  battle  of, 
8,  286 

Salaethus  (5th  century  B.  C.)>  a  Greek 
soldier:  at  Mitylene,  2,  292;  slain, 
294 

Salah-ed-Din  Yusuf  ibn-Ayub:  see 
Saladin 

Salamanca,  Spain:  battle  of  (1812), 
8,  486,  530,  9,  343,  11,  565 

Salamanca,  Juan  de  (16th  century),  a 
Spanish  soldier:  slays  the  Aztec 
leader,  22,  40 

"Salaminia,"  an  Athenian  state-galley: 
arrives  in  Sicily,  2,  334 

Salamis,  an  island  of  ancient  Greece: 
taken  by  Megara,  2,  102;  battle  of, 
202,  247;   ravaged  by   Spartans,  290 

Salamis,  a  city  in  Cyprus:  Greek  col- 
ony of,  2,  57 

Salankeman  (Slankamen),  a  town  in 
Slavonia,  Austria-Hungary:  battle 
of  (1691),  14,  260 

Salary  Grab,  The,  a  name  applied  to 
a  law  passed  in  the  United  States 
increasing  the  salary  of  members  of 
Congress    (1873),    24,    896 

Salas,  Mariano  (19th  century),  a  Mex- 
ican statesman:  made  president  of 
Mexico,  22,  310;  member  of  pro- 
visional government,   387 

Salazar,  Pedro  Castro  Figueroa,  Duke 
de  la  Conquista  (d.  1742),  Viceroy 


of  New  Spain,  1740-1742:  his  ad- 
ministration, 22,  194 

Salazar  y  Baquijano  (19th  century), 
a  Peruvian  statesman:  deposed  from 
power,  21,   193 

Salazar  y  Mazarredo,  Eusebio  (19th 
century),  a  Spanish  official  in  South 
America:  seizes  the  Chincha 
Islands,  21,  203 

Salbai,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between  the 
British  and  the  Marathas  (1782),  5, 
136,  193 

Saldanha  Oliveira  e  Daun,  Duke  of 
(ca.  1791-1876),  Portuguese  states- 
man and  marshal:  administration  of, 

8,  537 

Saldivar,  Vicente  (16th  century), 
Mexican  colonist:  gathers  emi- 
grants, 22,  141 

Sale,  Sir  Robert  Henry  (1 782-1846), 
British  soldier:  defends  Jalalabad, 
5,  218 

Salem,  Massachusetts:  arrival  of  set- 
tlers under  Endicott,  23,  87;  re- 
moval of  Winthrop  from,  88;  gov- 
ernment of  colony,  88;  religious 
dissension  in,  89;  persecutions  for 
witchcraft,  89;  becomes  seat  of  gov- 
ernment of  Massachusetts,  220 

Sales,  Francis  de  (1567-1622),  French 
bishop  and  writer:  teachings  of,  13, 
458 

Salgar,  E.  (19th  century),  South 
American  statesman:  elected  presi- 
dent of  Colombia  (1870),  21,  90 

Salic  Law,  that  part  of  the  Salic  laws 
which  forbids  the  succession  of 
women  to  the  throne  of  any  Salic 
land:  first  application  of,  in  France, 

9,  90;  introduced  in  Spain,  8,  403; 
abolished  by  Ferdinand  VII  of 
Spain,  496 

Salim:  see  Jahangir 

Salisbury,  Earl  of  (13th  century), 
English  soldier:  defeated  at  Bou- 
vines  (1214),  11,   126 

Salisbury,  Richard,  Earl  of  (15th  cen- 
tury), English  soldier:  beheaded, 
11,  212 

Salisbury,  Robert  Arthur  Talbot  Gas- 
coyne  Cecil,  Marquis  of,  Viscount 
Cranborne       (1830-1903),      English 


GENERAL    INDEX 


615 


statesman:  resigns  from  Lord  Der- 
by's ministry,  1 1,  624;  his  view  of 
the  Treaty  of  San  Stafano,  14,  487; 
first  ministry  of,  II,  635;  second 
ministry  of,  636;  agrees  to  make 
annexations  in  Africa  that  would 
interfere  with  the  German  sphere, 
I9»  138;  refuses  to  recall  Lord  Sack- 
ville,  24,  967;  third  ministry  of,  11, 
637;  the  Venezuelan  affair,  24,  1000; 
on  the  Armenian  massacres,  14, 
500 

Salisbury,  Robert  Cecil,  Earl  of,  Vis- 
count Cranborne  (ca.  1563-1612), 
English  statesman:  favored  by 
James  I,  11,  307;  made  Lord  Treas- 
urer, 309 

Salisbury,  Thomas.de  Montague,  Earl 
of  (1388-1428),  English  soldier: 
summons  Welshmen  to  aid  Richard 
II  (1399),  11,  186 

Salisbury  Cathedral,  England:  nave 
of,  built,  11,  141 

Salis-Soglio,  General  von  (19th  cen- 
tury), Swiss  military  officer:  chosen 
general  of  Conservative  forces,  13, 
551 

Salivahana  (1st  century  A.  D.),  Indian 
king:  at  war  with  the  Scythians,  5, 

74 
Salles,  Jean  Baptiste  (d.  1794),  French 

revolutionist:  death  of,  10,  279 
Salles,  Manuel  Campos,  South  Amer- 
ican statesman:  president  of  Brazil 

(1898-1902),  21,  255 
Sallier  Papyrus,  Egyptian  manuscript: 

description  of,  1,  18 
Salm,   Club  of,    France,   10,  388 
Salm,  Count  of   (16th  century),   Ger- 
man   soldier:    at    siege    of    Vienna, 

14,  155;  death  of,  156 
Salmeron,    Juan    de     (16th    century), 

Mexican  statesman:   made   member 

of  the  audiencia,  22,  107 
Salmeron,     Nicolas     (19th     century), 

Spanish  statesman:  president  of  the 

republic,  8,  513 
Salmon  Falls,  New  Hampshire:  attack 

on  (1690),  23,  158 
Salnave,    Haytian    statesman:    elected 

president   of   Hayti    (1867),   22,    501 


Salomon  (9th  century  A.  D.),  Count 
of  Barcelona:  reign  of,  8,  223 

Salomon,  Haym  (18th  century),  Amer- 
ican financier:  aids  American  revo- 
lution, 1,  426 

Salomon,  Louis  fitienne  Felicite:  Hay- 
tian statesman:  elected  president  of 
Hayti  (1879),  22,  501 

Salomons,  Sir  David,  English  states- 
man: elected  member  of  Parliament 
(1851),  1,  422 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah:  Mormon  em- 
pire founded  at,  24,  982 

Salvador,  Central  America:  history  of, 

22,  439 

Salvandy,  Count  of  (1 795-1856), 
French  statesman:  made  minister 
of  public  instruction,  9,  412 

Salvatierra,  Portugal:  sieges  of 
(1211),  8,  100;   (1704),  393 

Salvatierra,  Father  (17th  century),  Mi- 
lanese Jesuit:  his  work  among  the 
Indians,  22,  180;  plans  conquest  of 
the  Californias,  183 

Salvatierra,  Garcia  Sarmiento,  Conde 
de,  Viceroy  of  New  Spain,  1642- 
1647:  administration  of,  22,  166 

Salverte,  Anne  Joseph  Eusebe  Bacan- 
niere  (1771-1839),  French  writer 
and  statesman:  his  relations  to  the 
revolution  of  1830,  9,  391 

Salzbach,  Germany:  battle  of  (1675), 
9,  211 

Salzburg,  Austria-Hungary:  Taurisci 
settle  in,  17,  11;  insurrection  of,  11 

Salzburgers:    as    American    colonists, 

23,  127 

Sam,  Simon,  President  of  Hayti,  1896- 

1902:   administration   of,   22,    501 
Samail   (8th  century  A.  D.),  Arabian 

leader:   his   campaigns  in   Spain,   8, 

68 
Samanid  Dynasty,  the  dynasty  ruling 

Persia,    874-999:    reign    of,    5,    328; 

bravery  of,  I,  364 
Samar,  island  of  the  Philippine  group: 

visited  by  Magellan,   23,  37 
Samaria,  Asia  Minor:  made  capital  of 

Israel,  1,  390;  besieged  by  the  Hada- 

dezer   of    Damascus,    390;    siege    of 

(724-722  B.  C),  394 


616 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Samarin,  Yuri  (19th  century),  Russian 
revolutionist:   labors  of,  15,  324 

Samarkand,  city  in  Turkestan:  chosen 
capital  by  Timur,  14,  46;  captured 
by  the  Moguls  (1497),  5,  109 

Sama-Veda,  collection  of  Hindu 
hymns:  rise  of,  5,  42 

Sambhaji,  Maratha  king,  1680-1689: 
reign  of,  5,  132;  death  of  (1689), 
122,  132 

Samkiv  (19th  century),  Russian  ivory 
hunter:  explorations  of,   16,  306 

Samnite  Wars:  First  (343-341  B.  C), 
3,  66;  Second  (327-304  B.  C.)»  69; 
Third    (298-290  B.   C),  72 

Samnites,  an  Italian  people:  descrip- 
tion of,  3,  65 

Samo  the  Merchant  (7th  century  A. 
DO,  leader  of  Slavs:  unites  Slavonic 
tribes,  18,  65;  career  of,  17,  20; 
death  of,  21 

Samoan  Dispute,  The,  a  diplomatic 
complication  concerning  the  Sa- 
moan islands,  24,  977 

Samoan  Islands,  South  Pacific  Ocean: 
part  of,  annexed  by  Germany,  20, 
302;  Pago  Pago  ceded  to  the  United 
States,   321 

Samoilovich  (17th  century),  Cossack 
hetman:  accession  of,  15,  25 

Samory  (Samadu)  (19th  century),  Af- 
rican lord:  sketch  of,  19,  148;  at 
war  with  the  French,  149;  captured 
by  the  French,  151 

Samos,  an  island  of  the  Aegean  Sea: 
Ionic  settlement  of,  2,  55;  coloniza- 
tion from,  82;  Polycrates  tyrant  at, 
126;  fleet  of,  at  Lade,  137;  recon- 
quered by  Persians,  137;  revolts 
from  Persia,  212;  revolts  from  Ath- 
ens, 260;  in  Peloponnesian  War,  353; 
Athenian  fleet  at,  355;  sedition  at, 
357;  taken  by  Lysander,  382;  taken 
by  the  Athenians,  453 

Samoset  (17th  century),  American  In- 
dian   chief:    welcomes    Englishmen, 

23,  85 

Sampeyo,  Lopo  Vaz  de  (early  16th 
century),  Spanish  statesman:  vice- 
roy of  the  Indies,  8,  434 

Sampson,  William  Thomas,  an  Amer- 


ican naval  officer:  born  at  Palmyra, 
N.  Y.,  February  9,  1840;  graduated 
at  the  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis, 
i860;  commissioned  lieutenant,  1862; 
served  in  the  South  Atlantic  block- 
ading squadron,  1865;  commissioned 
lieutenant-commander,  1866;  ordered 
on  special  duty  by  Congress,  1872; 
given  a  commander's  commission, 
1874;  served  in  the  Asiatic  sta- 
tion, 1879-1882,  and  at  the  Naval 
Observatory,  1882-1885;  superin- 
tendent of  the  Naval  Academy, 
1886-1890;  delegate  to  the  interna- 
tional maritime  conference  in  Wash- 
ington, 1889;  made  Captain,  1889; 
became  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Ord- 
nance, 1893;  president  of  the  board 
of  inquiry  regarding  the  cause  of 
the  destruction  of  the  "  Maine  "  in 
Havana  Harbor,  1898;  made  acting 
rear-admiral  in  command  of  the 
North  Atlantic  Squadron  at  the  out- 
break of  the  Spanish-American 
War;  commissioned  commodore, 
July  3,  1898,  and  rear-admiral,  Au- 
gust 10,  1898;  retired,  1902;  died  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  May  6,  1902 

Commands  the  North  Atlantic 
Squadron,  8,  520,  22,  458,  24,  1028; 
controversy  with  Schley,  24,  1035; 
member  of  Spanish-American  Com- 
mission, 22,  463 

Samrah,  Persia:  battles  of  (363  A.  D.), 
5,  318;    (1733),  35 1 

Samsoun,  Asia  Minor:  annexed  by 
Bayezid,  14,  38 

Samuel  (1 170-1075  B.  C),  Hebrew 
prophet  and  judge:  account  of,  1, 
381 

Samuel  ha-Nagid  (993-1055),  Jewish 
statesman:  minister  of  state  at  Gra- 
nada, 1,  417 

Samund:  see  Saemund 

Samus  (early  19th  century),  Russian 
soldier:  his  guerrilla  warfare,  15, 
249 

Samvat  Era,  an  Indian  system  of 
reckoning  historical  dates,  begin- 
ning 57   B.   C. :   founded,  5,   73 

San  Andres,  Mexico:  founded,  22,  138 


GENERAL    INDEX 


617 


San  Antonio,  Texas:  founded,  22,  189; 
army  stores  given  to  Confederates, 
34,  691 

San  Antonio  Abad,  Mexico:  battle  of 
(1847),  22,  348 

San  Cosme,  Aqueduct  of,  Mexico: 
built,  22,  152 

San  Domingo:  see  Santo  Domingo 

San  Felipe  de  Linares,  Mexico:  found- 
ed, 22,  187 

San  Felipe  Yztlahuaca,  Mexico: 
founded,  22,  117 

San  Fernando,  Texas:  founded,  22, 
191 

San  Francisco,  California,  called  The 
City  of  the  Golden  Gate:  taken  by 
the  Americans,  22,  297;  growth  in 
1849,  24,  597;  destroyed  by  earth- 
quake,   1084 

San  Francisco  de  Borja,  Mexico: 
burned,  22,  167 

San  Gabrielle,  river  of  California:  bat- 
tle of  the  (1847),  22,  300 

San  Ildefonso,  Treaty  of,  an  agree- 
ment between  France  and  Spain 
(1800):  account  of,  20,  269,  23, 
395 

San  Jacinto,  Texas:  battle  of  (1836), 
22,  281,  34,  534 

"  San  Jacinto,"  American  sloop  of 
war:  in  the  "Trent  Affair,"  24, 
729 

San  Jacinto,  Hero  of:  see  Houston, 
Sam 

San  Juan,  Central  America:  waterway 
seized  by  Central  American  States, 
24,  627;  bombardment  of  (1854), 
642 

San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba:  battle  of  (1898), 
22,  459,  24,  1029;  Roosevelt  dis- 
tinguished at,  24,   1069 

San  Juan  Island,  off  the  African  coast: 
under  Spanish  rule,  20,  299 

San  Leopoldo,  Brazil:  insurrection  in 

(1874),    31,    178 

San  Lucia,  Brazil:  battle  of  (1842),  31, 
170 

San  Luis  Potosi,  Mexico:  founded,  33, 
138 

San  Martin,  one  of  the  Antilles:  dis- 
covered,  3i,  9 


San  Martin,  Jose  de  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Chilian  patriot:  aids  revolu- 
tionists in  Chili,  31,  71;  president 
of  Chili,  215 

San  Martino,  Italy:   battle  of  (1859), 

4,  373 

San  Miguel,  Virginia  or  North  Caro- 
lina: founded,  23,  38 

San  Miguel  Arcangle  de  Linares  de 
Adayes,  Presidio  de,  Spanish  for- 
tress in  Texas:  founded,  22,  189 

San  Miguel  el  Grande:  see  Allende 

San  Miguel  Mesqitic,  California: 
founded,  22,  138 

San  Paulo,  Brazil,  South  America: 
insurrection  in  (1841),  21,  170;  for- 
eign element  in,  251 

San  Pedro  de  Gormaz,  Spain:  battle 
of,  8,   135 

San  Raphael,  California:  battle  of 
(1846),  22,  296 

San  Roman,  Miguel  (1802-1863),  Pe- 
ruvian general,  President  of  Peru, 
1862-1863:  denounces  Lafuente,  21, 
196;  attempts  an  insurrection,  199; 
made  president  of  Peru,  201 

San  Salvador,  one  of  the  West  Indies: 
discovered  by  Columbus,  21,  6,  23, 
31;  assaulted  by  the  Dutch  (1624), 
8,  460,  20,  59;  growth  of,  19,  20 

San  Sebastian:  see  Saint  Sebastian 

San  Souci,  The  Philosopher  of:  see 
Frederick  (II)  the  Great,  King  of 
Prussia 

San  Stefano,  Treaty  of,  peace  between 
Russia  and  Turkey  (1878):  account 
of,  11,  632,  14,  486,  15,  337,  17, 
420 

San  Thome  (San  Tome  or  St. 
Thome),  Island  of,  an  island  in  the 
Gulf  of  Guinea:  sketch  of,  19,  213; 
burned  (1617),  21,  31;  under  Portu- 
guese rule,  20,  298 

Sanballat  (6th  century  B.  C),  Prince 
of  Samaria:  attempts  to  hinder  the 
rebuilding  of  Jerusalem,  1,  402 

Sanborn,  Benjamin  H.  (19th  century), 
American  abolitionist:  John  Brown 
aided  by,  24,  673 

Sancerre,  France:  siege  of  (1572),  9, 
158 


618 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Sanchez  (d.  1870),  Paraguayan  soldier 
and  statesman:   death  of,  31,   160 

Sanchez,  Andres  Manuel  (d.  1826), 
Cuban  patriot:  death  of,  22,  451    , 

Sanchez,  Manuel  Antonio  (19th  cen- 
tury), Bolivian  statesman:  member 
of  Council  of  State  of  Bolivia,  21, 
188 

Sanchez,  Pedro  (late  16th  century), 
Spanish  Jesuit:  founds  Jesuit  Col- 
lege in  Mexico,  22,  129 

Sancho  (I)  Ramirez  (IV  of  Navarre), 
King  of  Aragon,  1076-1094;  invades 
Andalusia,  90;  his  campaign  against 
the  Moors,  100;  accession  to  throne 
of  Navarre,  201;  reign  of,  231 

Sancho  (I)  the  Fat,  King  of  Asturias 
and  Leon,  955-967:  revolt  of,  8,  136; 
reign  of,  137 

Sancho  (II)  the  Brave,  King  of  Leon 
and  Castile,  1065-1072:  reign  of,  8, 
142 

Sancho  III,  King  of  Leon  and  Castile, 
1157-1158:  reign  of,  8,  146 

Sancho  IV,  King  of  Leon  and  Castile, 
1284-1295:  rebellion  of,  8,  155;  ac- 
cession of,  156 

Sancho  I  (Garces  Abaraca),  King  of 
Navarre,  905-925:  reign  of,  8,  197 

Sancho  (II)  el  Mayor,  King  of  Na- 
varre, 970-1035:  invades  Leon,  8, 
139;  reign  of,  199 

Sancho  III,  King  of  Navarre,  1054- 
1076:  reign  of,  8,  200 

Sancho  (IV)  Ramirez,  King  of  Na- 
varre: see  Sancho  (I)  Ramirez,  King 
of  Aragon 

Sancho  V,  King  of  Navarre,  1150- 
1194:  reign  of,  8,  203 

Sancho  VI,  King  of  Navarre,  1194- 
1234:  reign  of,  8,  204 

Sancho  I  (1154-1211),  King  of  Portu- 
gal, 1185-1211,  called  The  Restorer 
of  Cities:  forms  alliance  with  Al- 
fonso IX  of  Leon,  8,  147;  his  cam- 
paigns against  the  Moors,  276; 
reign  of,  277 

Sancho  II,  King  of  Portugal,  1223- 
1248:  reign  of,  8,  279 

Sancho  (13th  century),  Count  of  Rous- 
sillon:  regent  of  Aragon,  8,  239 

Sancho  Inigo,  Count  of   Bigorre  and 


King  of  Navarre,  ca.  9th  century: 
reign  of,  8,  195 

Sanclamente,  M.  A.,  President  of  Co- 
lombia, 1898-1900:  election  and  dep- 
osition of,  21,  245 

Sand,  Karl  Ludwig  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), German  student:  assassinates 
Kotzebue,    18,  394 

Sandeman,  Sir  Robert  Groves  (1838- 
1892),  British  statesman:  sketch  of, 
5,  266 

Sanderson's  Hope,  island  in  the  Arc- 
tic Ocean:  discovered,  16,  302 

Sandi,  Don  Alvaro  de  (16th  century), 
Spanish  military  officer:  captured 
by  Turks,  14,  166 

Sandon:  see  Herakles 

Sandoval,  Francisco  Tello  de  (early 
16th  century),  Spanish  statesman: 
commissioned  to  enforce  the  abo- 
rigine laws  in  Mexico,  22,  no 

Sandoval,  Gonzalo  de  (1496-1528), 
Spanish  soldier;  joins  Cortez,  22, 
10;  at  the  siege  of  Mexico,  52;  his 
conquests  in  Mexico,  66;  death  of, 
70 

Sandwich,  Edward  Montague,  Earl  of 
(1625-1672),  English  admiral:  death 
of,  13,  236 

Sandwich  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean:  dis- 
covered, 20,  124;  history  of,  307 

Sandys,  Sir  Edwin  (1 561-1629),  Eng- 
lish politician  and  author:  appoint- 
ed  councilor,   23,   57 

Saneha  (ca.  20th  century  B.  C), 
Egyptian  adventurer:  account  of,  1, 
18 

Sangala,  India:  battle  of  (327  B.  C), 
5,  68 

Sangamon  River,  Illinois:  Lincoln 
family  settle  on,  24,  666 

Sangipan  (early  5th  century  A.  D.), 
King  of  the  Alans:  forms  alliance 
with  Aetius,  18,  41 

Sanitary  Commission,  The,  in  Amer- 
ican Civil  War:  work  of,  24,  825 

Sanjar  (d.  1141),  Persian  sultan:  reign 
of,  5,  331 

Sanjo  Sanetomi  (early  19th  century), 
Japanese  courtier:  accompanies 
Mori  Yoshichika  to  his  fief,  7,  163; 
restored  to  his  former  rank,  167 


GENERAL    INDEX 


619 


Sankara  Acharya  (ca.  gth  century  A. 
D.),  Hindu  religious  reformer: 
sketch  of,  5,  80 

Sankolinsin,  General  (late  19th  cen- 
tury), Chinese  military  officer:  men- 
tioned, 6,  171,  179 

Sano  Takenosuke  (late  19th  century), 
Japanese  assassin:  leader  of  the 
murderers  of  Naosuki,  7,  161 

Sanquhar  Declaration,  the  protest  of  a 
sect  of  Covenanters  against  the 
English  government:  account  of,  12, 
348_ 

San-sin,  China:  occupied  by  Russia 
(1900),  7,  285 

Santa  Anna,  Antonio  Lopez  de  (1795- 
1876),  a  Mexican  general  and  poli- 
tician: leads  revolts  (1823),  22,  258; 
(1828),  268;  defeats  the  Spanish,  270; 
leads  revolt  against  Bustamante, 
271;  elected  president  of  Mexico, 
271;  attempts  to  change  form  of 
Mexican  government,  24,  532;  orders 
garrison  of  the  Alamo  to  be  shot, 
534;  defeated  at  San  Jacinto,  22,275, 
24,  534;  captured,  24,  534;  made 
dictator,  22,  277;  his  return  to 
power,  310;  elected  president  of 
Mexico  (1846),  315;  defeated  at 
Buena  Vista,  22,  307,  24,  548;  at 
battle  of  Cerro  Gordo,  24,  549; 
leaves  Mexico,  22,  377;  returns 
to  Mexico  (1853),  381;  career  of, 
400 

Santa  Catharina,  a  state  in  Brazil: 
foreign  element  in,  21,  251 

Santa  Cruz,  a  small  island  in  the  West 
Indies:   discovered,   21,  9 

Santa  Cruz,  a  seaport  of  the  Canary 
Islands:  battle  of  (1657),  n,  371 

Santa  Cruz,  Conde  de  (late  16th  cen- 
tury), a  Portuguese  governor  in  In- 
dia: sends  expeditions  against  pi- 
rates, 8,  458 

Santa  Cruz,  Andres  (1794-1865),  a  Bo- 
livian general  and  politician:  invades 
Peru,  21,  186;  made  president  of 
Bolivia,  186;  arrested,  188;  his  mis- 
sion to  Paris,  189;  president  of  the 
Supreme  Council  of  Peru,  192;  made 
protector  of  Bolivia  and  Peru,  195; 
aids  exiled  Chilians,  217 


Santa  Cruz  de  Rosales,  Mexico:  bat- 
tle of  (1848),  22,  378 

Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico:  founded,  23, 
^  43;  siege  of  (1680),  22,  176;  occu- 
'  pied  by  Kearny,  24,  549 

"  Santa  Maria,"  the  flagship  of  Colum- 
bus in  the  voyage  of  1492:  fitted  out 
for  Columbus,  23,  29;  wrecked,  32 

Santa  Maria  (19th  century),  President 
of  Chili:  presidency  of,  21,  238 

Santa  Maria  de  la  Concepcion,  a  small 
island  in  the  West  Indies:  discov- 
ered and  named,  21,  6 

Santa  Maria  la  Antigoa,  a  small  island 
in  the  Antilles:  discovered,  21,  9 

Santa  Maria  la  Redonda,  a  small 
island  in  the  Antilles:  discovered, 
21,  9 

Santa  Marta,  Colombia,  South  Amer- 
ica: founded,  21,  16;  burned  by 
Drake  (1596),  30 

Santa  Rosa  de  Carchi,  Treaty  of,  a 
treaty  between  Ecuador  and  New 
Granada  (1846),  21,  no 

Santa  Sophia:  see  St.  Sophia 

Santals,  a  tribe  in  India:  description 
of,   5,  29 

Santander,  Francisco  de  Paula  (1792- 
1840),  a  New  Granadan  general  and 
politician:  honored,  21,  84;  elected 
president  of  New  Granada,  85 

Santangel,  Luiz  de  (late  15th  century), 
a  Spanish  courtier:  aids  Columbus, 
21,  4 

Santarem,  Portugal:  battles  of  (1072), 
8,  143;  (1 184),  98 

Santee,  a  river  in  South  Carolina: 
battle  of  the    (1780),  23,  278 

Santerre,  Antoine  Joseph  (1752-1809), 
a  French  revolutionist  and  general: 
leader  of  the  populace,  9,  272 

Santiago,  Chili:  founded,  21,  26;  mar- 
tial law  declared  (1858),  218;  inter- 
national exhibition  at  (1875),  229 

Santiago  de  Cuba,  a  seaport  of  Cuba: 
founded,  22,  447;  battles  of  (1537), 
449;  Virginius'  trial  at,  24,  887;  bat- 
tle of  (1898),  8,  520,  20,  329,  22, 
460,  24,  1030;  surrenders  to  General 
Shafter,  1030 

Santo  Domingo,  an  island  of  the  West 
Indies;     main    treatment,    22,    491; 


620 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


settled,  23,  33',  Isabella  (San  Do- 
mingo) built,  31,  10;  sacked  by- 
Drake  (1580),  30;  conquered  by  the 
English,  20,  71;  traces  of  pirates  in, 
69;  under  French  colonization,  72; 
condition  of,  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
French  Revolution,  137;  revolt  of 
(1791),  10,  160,  445,  20,  138;  failure 
of  expedition  to,  23,  397;  trade  of, 
ruined,  20,  237;  Roosevelt  urges 
treaty  with,  24,  1077;  see  also  Do- 
minican Republic 

Santo  Stefano,  Hieronimo  di  (late 
15th  century),  an  Italian  voyager: 
visits  India,  5,  141 

Santos,  Maximo  (late  19th  century), 
Uruguayan  statesman,  President  of 
Uruguay,  1886;  administration  of, 
21,  258 

Sanuki,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  62 

Sapor:  see  Shahpur 

Sappho  (ca.  600  B.  C.)>  Greek  lyric 
poetess:  sketch  of,  2,  115 

Saracens,  name  given  by  mediaeval 
Christians  to  Arab  followers  of  Mo- 
hammed and  later  to  Mohammedans 
in  general:  invade  Spain,  8,  46;  in- 
vade France,  18,  73;  foes  of  Byzan- 
tine empire,  2,  533;  invade  Italy,  4, 
179;  see  also  Arabia 

Saragossa,  Spain:  captured  by  Charle- 
magne (778  A.  D.),  8,  70,  18,  81; 
captured  by  Christians  (1118  A.  D.), 

8,  92,  233;  battle  of  (1710),  8,  399, 

9,  223;  besieged  by  French   (1808), 

8,  489,  10,  477 

Saragossa,  Treaty  of,  agreement  con- 
cluded between  Spain  and  Portugal 
(1529),  5,  146 
Sarakos:  see  Sin-shar-ishkum 
Saratoga,  New  York:  battle  of  (1777), 

9,  254,  11,  517,  12,  181,  20,  128,  23, 

255 
Sarawak,  a  British  protectorate  in  .the 
island    of    Borneo:    sketch    of,    20, 
255 
Sardanapaleus :  see  Ashur-bani-pal 
Sardes  (Sardis),  capital  of  Lydia,  Asia 
Minor:  battle  of  (early  7th  century 
B.   C),    1,    145;   captured   by    Cyrus 
(546    B.    C.)>    1,    146,    2,    124;    Athe- 


nians burn,  1,  166,  2,  135;  submits 
to  Alexander,  2,  489 

Sardinia,  island  in  the  Mediterranean: 
Phoenicians  colonize,  I,  121;  added 
to  the  Roman  empire,  3,  107;  con- 
quered for  Caesar,  342;  revolts 
against  Aragon,  8,  255;  rebels 
against  Martin  I  of  Sicily,  258 

Sardinia,  Kingdom  of,  a  former  king- 
dom of  Italy,  including  the  duchy 
of  Savoy,  and  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia: founded,  18,  316 

Sarduris,  King  of  Armenia,  ca.  735  B. 
C:  defeated  by  Assyrians,  1,  83 

Sargent,  John  (early  19th  century), 
American  statesman:  nominated  for 
Vice-President   (1831),  23,  498 

Sargon  I  (Shargani-shar-ali,  Sharru- 
kin),  King  of  Agade  in  Babylonia, 
ca,  3800  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  75 

Sargon  II,  King  of  Assyria,  722-705 
B.  C:  captures  Carchemish  (717  B. 
C.)»  i>  !42;  places  Dalta  on  the 
throne  of  the  Medes,  158;  captures 
Samaria,  394;  reign  of,  840 

Sarmatians  or  Saurometae,  Scythian 
tribe:  settle  on  the  banks  of  the 
lower  Danube,  17,  15;  repulsed  by 
the  Romans  (356  A.  D.),  15 

Sarmiento,  Domingo  Faustino  (181 1- 
1888),  Argentinian  statesman:  sketch 
of,  21,  118;  made  president  of  the 
Argentine   Republic,   133 

Sarmizegethusa,  Transylvania:  battle 
of  (101  A.  D.),  17,  13 

Sarpi,  Paolo  (1552-1623),  Italian  writ- 
er and  theologian:  attempts  to  bring 
about  a   reformation  in   Venice,   4, 

314 
Sarsfield,  Patrick,  Earl  of  Lucan   (d. 

1693),  Irish  Jacobite  general:  at 
the  battle  of  the  Boyne,  12,  143;  at 
the  siege  of  Limerick,  144;  signs 
Treaty  of  Limerick,   153;   death  of, 

154 

Sartorius,  Count  de  San  Luis  (19th 
century),  Spanish  statesman:  be- 
comes  premier,   8,   503 

Saskatchewan,  Province  of,  Canada: 
created  and  admitted  to  the  Cana- 
dian union,  20,   170 


GENERAL    INDEX 


621 


Sass,  General  (19th  century),  Austrian 
military  officer:  in  the  Hungarian 
insurrection,  15,  301 

Sassanids  or  Sassanians,  dynasty  of 
Persian  kings  (218-643  A.  D.) :  reign 

of,  5,  313 

Satara,  a  district  in  India:  escheats 
to  the  British  government,  5,  228 

Satchar  (17th  century),  Mongol  chief- 
tain: threatens  frontier  of  China,  6, 

64 

Satrapies,  system  of  government:  in- 
stituted by  Darius,  2,  130 

Saturninus,  Claudius  Sentius,  Roman 
governor  in  Germany,  4-6  A.  D.: 
his  campaign  in  Gaul,  4,  44 

Saturninus,  Lucius  Antonius  (1st  cen- 
tury A.  D.),  Roman  soldier:  rebel- 
lion of,  4,  84 

Saturninus,  Lucius  Appuleius  (d.  99 
B.  C),  Roman  statesman:  leader  of 
the  populace,  3,  199;  rupture  with 
Marius,  201;  death,  201 

Sauchieburn,  Scotland:  battle  of 
(1488),  12,  298 

Saul  ben  Kish  (nth  century  B.  C), 
King  of  the  Israelites,  1055-1033  B. 
C:  reign  of,  1,  381;  death  of,  384 

Saurometae:  see  Sarmatians 

Saussure,  Horace  Benedict  de  (1740- 
x799)>  Swiss  naturalist:  sketch  of, 
.  13,  494 

Sauzet,  Jean  Pierre  Paul  (1800-1876), 
French  advocate  and  politician: 
made  minister  of  justice,  9,  409 

Savage  Station,  Virginia:  •  battle  of 
(1862),  24,  761 

Savannah,  Georgia:  founded  by  Ogle- 
thorpe, 23,  81;  only  town  during 
colonial  period  of  Georgia,  81;  cap- 
tured by  British  (1778),  271;  popu- 
lation in  time  of  Jackson,  479;  cap- 
tured by  Sherman  (1864),  24,  805 

Savenay,  France:  battle  of  (1793),  10, 
248  note,  276 

Savile,  George,  Marquis  of  Halifax: 
see  Halifax,  George  Savile,  Marquis 
of 

Saviour  of  the  Nation,  The:  see  Crom- 
well, Oliver 

Savonarola,  Girolamo,  an  Italian  po- 
litical and  religious   reformer:   born 


at  Ferrara,  Italy,  September  21, 
1452;  became  a  Dominican  monk  at 
Bologna,  1475;  removed  to  Florence, 
1482,  and  was  elected  prior  of  San 
Marco,  1491;  was  one  of  the  chief 
instruments  in  the  overthrow  of  the 
Medici  and  the  restoration  of  the 
republic,  1494;  summoned  to  Rome, 
1495;  was  forbidden  to  preach  by 
the  Vatican;  submitted  to  this  com- 
mand at  first,  but  declared  he  was 
unable  to  resist  the  prophetic  spirit, 
and  was  excommunicated,  1497; 
death  sentence  was  pronounced  on 
May  22,  1498,  and  on  the  day  fol- 
lowing he  and  two  fellow  monks 
were  publicly  hanged  and  then 
burned,  and  their  ashes  were  thrown 
into  the  Arno 
Sketch  of,  4,  282 

Savoy,  House  of,  a  royal  family  of 
Europe,  now  the  reigning  house  of 
the  kingdom  of  Italy:  history  of, 
during  the  Middle  Ages,  4,  272 

Savoy  Conference,  a  conference  held 
at  the  Savoy  in  London  for  the 
purpose  of  securing  ecclesiastical 
unity  between  Episcopalians  and 
Presbyterians   (1661),  n,  382 

Saxe,  Count  Maurice  de  (Maurice  of 
Saxony)  (1696-1750),  a  French  mar- 
shal: expelled  from  Courland,  15, 
99;  his  campaigns  in  the  War  of 
the  Austrian  Succession,  9,  237,  13, 
255,  I8,  331;  his  campaign  in  the 
Netherlands,  11,  487 

Saxe-Coburg,  Friedrich  Josias,  Prince 
of:  see  Coburg,  Friedrich  Josias, 
Prince  of 

Saxo  Grammaticus  (13th  century),  a 
Danish  historian:  his  "History  of 
Denmark,"  16,  7,  17,  18,  178 

Saxon  League,  The,  a  union  of  the 
maritime  tribes  on  the  shores  of  the 
German  Ocean  (250-800),  13,   n 

Saxons,  the  people  that  formerly  lived 
in  the  northern  part  of  Germany: 
origin  of,  II,  15;  location  of,  18,  6; 
growth  of,  28;  struggle  of,  with  the 
Franks,  13,  n;  harass  Romans,  11, 
15;  their  conquests  in  Britain,  18; 
their   wars    with    Charlemagne,    iS, 


622 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


79;  accept  Christianity,  81;  suprem- 
acy of  the  West  Saxons,  II,  41; 
their  relations  with  Henry  IV  of 
Germany,  18,  132;  defeated  by 
Henry  V  of  Germany,  140;  settle 
in  Hungary,  17,  53 

Saxony,  a  kingdom  of  Germany: 
granted  to  Albert  the  Bear  of  Bran- 
denburg, 17,  91;  division  of,  18,  255 
note;  concludes  an  alliance  with 
Maria   Theresa,  17,  241 

Say,  Lord  (15th  century),  an  English 
lord:  beheaded  by  Jack  Cade,  11, 
210 

Saybrook,  Connecticut:  established, 
33,  92 

Saye  and  Sele,  William  Fiennes,  Vis- 
count (1582-1662),  an  English  poli- 
tician: proprietor  of  Connecticut 
Colony,  23,  92;  secures  charter  for 
Connecticut,  93 

Sayle,  William  (late  17th  century),  an 
early  American  colonist:  brings  set- 
tlers from  Barbadoes,  23,  75 

Sayyid  Ahmad  Khan  Bahadur,  Sir  (d. 
1898),  Mohammedan  reformer: 
founds  the  Mohammedan  Anglo- 
Oriental  College,  5,  256 

Sayyid  Dynasty,  a  family  ruling  in 
India,  1414-1451:  reign  of  5,  104 

Sazava,  a  river  in  Bohemia:  battle  of 
(1422),  17,  132 

Scaepio,  Quintus  (1st  century  B.  C.)» 
a  Roman  politician:  opposes  reforms 
of  Drusus,  3,  203 

Scaevola,  Publius  Mucius  (2nd  cen- 
tury B.  C.)>  a  Roman  jurist:  influ- 
ence of,  3,  175 

Scaevola,  Quintus  Mucius  (d.  82  B. 
C.)»  a  Roman  jurist  and  orator: 
character  of,  3,  202;  Fimbria  at- 
tempts to  kill,  224 

Scala,  Mastino  della  (1298-1351), 
Prince  of  Verona:  Venice  joins 
Florence  against,  4,  249 

"Scalawags,"  a  name  applied  to  ex- 
Confederates  who  became  Repub- 
licans: meaning  of  term,  24,  864 

Scanderbeg  (Skanderbeg)  (originally 
George  Castriota)  (1404-1467),  an 
Eastern   warrior:   born   in   Albania: 


his  successes  against  Turks,  14,  60, 
69,  82;  death  of,  85 

Scandinavia,  History  of:  the  primi- 
tive north,  16,  3;  sagas  and  eddas  — 
mediaeval  chronicles,  7;  the  emer- 
gence of  Denmark,  16;  Christianity 
in  the  far  north,  25;  Harald  Haar- 
fager  and  Scandinavian  expansion, 
34;  kings  and  heroes  of  the  Yng- 
lingar  line  in  Norway,  51;  rise  of 
the  church  in  Denmark  under  the 
Estridsens,  67;  Denmark's  age  of 
glory  under  the  Valdemars,  80;  Nor- 
way and  Sweden  before  the  Union 
of  Calmar,  97;  Denmark  and  the 
Union  of  Calmar,  no;  a  century  of 
Danish  domination,  126;  Gustavus 
Vasa  and  the  Swedish  revolution, 
147;  the  rise  of  Sweden  into  Euro- 
pean prominence,  161;  Gustavus 
Adolphus  and  the  Thirty  Years' 
War,  175;  Denmark  in  eclipse,  189; 
Sweden's  advances  in  acquisitions 
and  prestige,  204;  the  Great  North- 
ern War  and  the  decline  of  abso- 
lute power,  214;  benevolent  despot- 
ism in  Denmark,  230;  Scandinavia  in 
the  age  of  political  revolution,  247; 
Slesvig-Holstein,  265;  constitutional 
government  in  the  three  kingdoms, 
267 

Scapula,  Ostorius,  Roman  governor 
of  Britain,  50  A.  D.:  his  campaign 
in  Britain,  4,  59;  rules  Britain,  11, 

9 

Scarlatti,  Alexander  (ca.  1656-1725), 
an  Italian  composer  and  musician: 
sketch  of,  4,  414 

Scaurus,  Marcus  Aemilius  (163-89  B. 
C),  a  Roman  soldier  and  statesman: 
member  of  African  commission,  3, 
188;  his  campaigns  against  the  Celts, 
3,  192,  17,  11;  leader  of  senatorial 
party,  3,  201;  trial  of,  202;  aids  Dru- 
sus in  his  reforms,  203 

Scaurus,  Marcus  Aemilius,  a  son  of 
the  preceding:  leads  expedition 
against  Aretas,  3,  274 

Scaurus,  Marcus  Aurelius  (d.  105  B. 
C.)>  Roman  legate  in  Gaul:  defeated 
by  Cimbri,  3,  193 


GENERAL    INDEX 


623 


Schaal,  John  Adam  (1591-1669),  a 
German  Jesuit  missionary  in  China: 
account  of,  6,  39,  61;  succeeded  by 
Verbiest,  62 

Schafarik  (Safarik)  Paul  Joseph 
(1795-1861),  a  Hungarian  philolo- 
gist: his  work  on  the  Slavonic  peo- 
ples, 15,  288 

Schaffhausen,  a  canton  of  Switzer- 
land: annexed  to  Switzerland,  18, 
214;  insurrection  in    (1798),  13,  509 

Schamyl  (1797-1871),  a  Caucasian 
leader:  career  of,  15,  298,  329 

Scharnhorst,  Gerhard  Johann  David 
von  (1755-1813),  a  German  general: 
his  efforts  to  liberate  Germany,  18, 
375>  379;  his  mission  to  Austria,  17, 
307;  death  of,  18,  382 

Schassburg,  southeastern  Europe: 
battle  of  (1849),  15,  301 

Schauenburg  (late  18th  century), 
French  general:  his  campaign  in 
Switzerland,  13,  510 

Schauensee,  Meyer  von  (late  18th  cen- 
tury), Swiss  patriot:  his  speech  be- 
fore the  Helvetic  Society,  13,  503 

Schaumburg-Lippe,  Frederick  Wil- 
liam, Count  of  (1724-1777),  a  German 
soldier:  takes  command  of  Portu- 
guese army,  8,  473 

Schehadeddin  (15th  century),  Turkish 
commander:  his  expedition  against 
•  Hungary,  17,  157 

Schenck,  Martin  (d.  1590),  Dutch  sol- 
dier: career  of,  13,   155 

Schenck  Robert  Cumming  (late  19th 
century),  American  statesman:  in 
Joint  High  Commission,  24,  883 

Schenectady,  New  York:  attack  on 
(1690),  23,  158 

Scheremetjev:  see  Sheremetriev 

Scherer,  Barthelemy  Louis  Joseph 
(1747-1804),  French  soldier:  his 
campaigns  against  the  allied  forces, 
9,  293;  commands  army  in  Italy,  308 

Schering,  Captain  (late  19th  century), 
German  naval  officer:  annexes  An- 
gra  Pequena  to  Germany,  19,  104 

Scherr,  Thomas  (early  19th  century), 
Swiss  educator:  directs  training 
school  for  teachers,  13,  542 

Schertlin,   Sebastien    (early   16th   cen- 


tury), German  soldier:  campaigns 
of,  18,  250,  254 

Scheuchzer,  Johann  Jakob  (1672- 
1733),  Swiss  scientist:  sketch  of,  13, 
482,  488 

Scheveling,  Holland:  battle  of  (1653), 
13,  230 

Schibi,  Christian  (d.  1653),  Swiss  rev- 
olutionist: leads  insurrection,  13. 
472;   death  of,  473 

Schiefer,  Wolfgang  (Severus)  (16th 
century),  Austrian  scholar:  his  influ- 
ence on   Maximilian   II   of  Austria, 

17,  179 

Schill,  Ferdinand  von  (1 776-1 809), 
Prussian   soldier:    defends    Colberg, 

18,  372;   revolt  of,  376 

Schiller,  Johann  Christ oph  Friedrich 
von  (1759-1805),  German  poet:  at 
Weimar,  18,  353,  381 

Schilling,  Diebold,  of  Berne  (14th  cen- 
tury),   Swiss    historian:    sketch    of, 

13,  427 
Schilling,   Diebold,   of  Lucerne   (14th 
century),  Swiss  historian:  sketch  of, 

13,  427 

Schimmelmann,  Count  (18th  century), 
Danish  statesman:  ministry  of,  16, 
240 

Schinner,  Matthew,  Bishop  of  Sion 
(early  16th  century),  Swiss  ecclesi- 
astic and  statesman:  raises  troops 
for  the  Pope,  13,  421 

Schism  Act,  a  measure  to  force  con- 
formity to  the  Church  of  England 
(1714):  account  of,  II,  466 

Schlegel,  Frederick  (1772-1829),  Ger- 
man scholar  and  critic:  in  the  Aus- 
trian service,  17,  320 

Schlegel,  Johann  Heinrich  (1724- 
1780),  German  historian:  in  Den- 
mark, 16,  240 

Schleppegrell,  General  (early  19th 
century),  German  general:  in  the 
Slesvig-Holstein  War,  16,  271 

Schleswig  (Slesvig,  Slesvick),  Ger- 
many: Olaf  invested  with,  16,  72; 
incorporated  with  Denmark,  226, 
236;  added  to  the  German  em- 
pire, 18,  107;  restored  to  Den- 
mark, 125;  controversy  between 
Denmark  and  Russia  about,  15,  80; 


624 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


controversy  settled,  117;  revolt 
of,  18,  399,  404;  Austria  and  Prus- 
sia dispute  Denmark's  possession  of, 
17,  390,  18,  408 

Schley,  Winfield  Scott,  an  American 
naval  officer:  born  at  Frederick, 
Maryland,  October  9,  1839;  gradu- 
ated at  the  Naval  Academy  in  i860; 
served  in  the  Gulf  Squadron  in  the 
Civil  War,  and  in  1871,  as  lieuten- 
ant-commander took  part  in  the  at- 
tack on  the  Salu  River  forts  in 
Korea;  in  1884,  commanded  the 
Greely  relief  expedition  and  rescued 
Lieutenant  Greely  and  six  compan- 
ions at  Cape  Sabine,  Greenland;  was 
captain  of  the  "  Baltimore  "  at  Val- 
paraiso, Chili,  in  1891;  in  the  same 
year,  carried  Captain  Ericsson's 
body  to  Sweden,  receiving  a  gold 
medal  from  the  king  of  that  coun- 
try; was  made  commodore,  Febru- 
ary, 1898,  and  commanded  the  Fly- 
ing Squadron  in  Cuban  waters  dur- 
ing the  war  with  Spain;  commanded 
the  blockading  fleet  at  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  Spanish  fleet  off  Santi- 
ago, July  3,  1898;  was  promoted 
rear  admiral  in  August,   1898 

Rescues  the  Greely  party,  16,  320; 
commands  Flying  Squadron,  24, 
1028;  in  battle  of  Santiago,  1030; 
controversy  with  Sampson,  1035 

Schlick,  Count  of  (early  17th  century), 
Austrian  politician:  leads  conspir- 
acy, 17,  201 

Schlippenbach,  General  (early  17th 
century),  Swedish  military  officer: 
campaigns  of,   15,  41 

Schliisselburg,  Russia:  occupied  by  the 
Russians  (1702),  15,  44 

Schmalkalden  League,  The,  an  asso- 
ciation of  Reformers  in  Germany: 
sketch  of,  18,  249 

Schmalkalden  League,  War  of,  war 
between  the  Catholics  and  Luther- 
ans (1546-1555):  account  of,  18, 
254 

Schmerling,  Anton  von  (1805-1893), 
Austrian  jurist  and  statesman:  made 
prime  minister,  17,  386;  resigns, 
389 


Schmidt  (early  19th  century),  a  lawyer 
of  Vienna:  made  president  of  the 
diet  of  Vienna  (1849),  17,  374 

Schmied,  Konrad  (16th  century), 
Swiss  monk  and  reformer:  reforms 
of,  13,  436 

Schnell,  Karl  (early  19th  century), 
Swiss  barrister  and  politician:  de- 
mands a  reform  in  the  constitution, 
13,  533 

Schnell,  Ludwig  (early  19th  century), 
Swiss  reformer  of  German  birth: 
demands  a  reform  in  the  constitu- 
tion, 13,  533;  sketch  of,  534 

Schoeffer,  Peter  (15th  century),  Ger- 
man printer:  partner  of  Fust,  18, 
221 

Schofield,  John  McAllister  (1831 ), 

American  general  and  statesman:  in 
Sherman's  march  to  Atlanta,  24, 
794;  attacked  by  Hood,  803;  joins 
Sherman  at  Goldsboro,  808;  Secre- 
tary of  War,  855;  retires  from  Cab- 
inet, 861;  retained  in  Grant's  Cab- 
inet, 861 

Schomberg,  Friedrich  von,  Duke  of 
Schomberg  (1615-1690),  Protestant 
soldier  of  German  birth:  campaign 
of,  in  Ireland,  II,  437,  12,  141;  death 
of,  12,  142 

Schomberg,  Henry,  Count  of  (1575- 
1632),  French  marshal:  draws  up 
the  Edict  of  Nantes,  9,  171 

Schomburgh,  Sir  Robert  (1804-1865), 
German  traveler:  his  mission  to 
Venezuela,  21,  263 

Schonbrunn,  Germany:  Napoleon  at, 
18,  367,  377 

Schonbrunn,  Treaties  of: 

1805.  An  offensive  and  defensive 
alliance  between  France  and  Prus- 
sia, 9,  326 
1809.  A  treaty  concluded  between 
Napoleon  I  and  Francis  I  of  Aus- 
tria, 17,  299 

Schoolmen,  The,  mediaeval  Scholastic 
philosophers:   account  of,   II,   192 

Schools,  Public:  established  in  Massa- 
chusetts, 23,  140;  in  the  South,  24, 
589 

Schoosshalde,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1289),  13,  361 


GENERAL    INDEX 


625 


Schreiner,  William  P.,  Premier  of 
Cape  Colony,  1898-1900:  leads  Af- 
rikander Bund,  20,  232 

Schuhmacher,  Placidus  (d.  1764),  Swiss 
citizen:  leads  burgesses  of  Lucerne, 

13,  499 

Schulenberg,  Johan  Matthias,  Count 
von  (1661-1747),  Prussian  general: 
at  the  battle  of  Punitz,  16,  217 

Schumacher,  Peder:  see  Griffenfeld, 
Peder  Schumacher,  Count 

Schurman,    Jacob    Gould    (1854 ), 

American  educator:  member  of  the 
Philippine  commission,  20,  316,  24, 
1042 

Schurz,  Carl  (1829-1906),  American 
publicist  of  German  birth:  joins  lib- 
eral movement,  24,  800;  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  916;  opposes  election 
of  Blaine  (1884),  946 

Schuyler,  Eugene  (1840-1890),  an 
American  diplomat  and  author:  in- 
vestigates Bulgarian  troubles,  14, 
477 

Schuyler,  Philip  (1733-1804),  an  Amer- 
ican general  and  politician:  appoint- 
ed major-general,  23,  231;  abandons 
Fort  Edward,  253;  censured,  252;  re- 
lieved from  command  of  army  in 
New  York,  254;  in  first  Congress, 
343 

Schwaderloo,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1499),  13,  418 

Schwanstadt,  Austria:  battle  of  (1800), 
9,  317 

Schwarz  (late  18th  century),  a  Russian 
educator:  cooperates  with  Novikov, 
15,  194 

Schwarz,  Martin  (late  15th  century), 
a  German  soldier:  joins  insurrec- 
tion of  Lambert  Simnel,  11,  225 

Schwarzenberg  (Schwartzenberg), 

Count  (late  16th  century),  a  Ger- 
man diplomatist:  proclaims  the 
friendliness  of  the  princes  of  the 
empire  toward  the  Belgians,  13, 
86;  at  the  Breda  Conference,  119 

Schwarzenberg,  Felix  Ludwig  Johann 
Friedrich,  Prince  von  (1800-1852), 
an  Austrian  diplomat:  made  prime- 
minister,  17,  377;  ministry  of,  18, 
403 


Schwarzenberg,  Karl  Philipp,  Prince 
von  (1771-1820),  an  Austrian  gen- 
eral: his  campaign  against  France, 
15,  214;  protects  the  Poles,  256; 
commands  Austrian  troops  in  Na- 
poleon's Russian  campaign,  17,  305; 
his  mission  to  Paris,  306;  given  su- 
preme command  of  coalition  forces, 
17,  307,  18,  383;  defeated  at  Dres- 
den, 15,  261,  18,  384;  defeated  by 
Napoleon,  18,  387 

Schwatka,  Frederick  (1849-1892),  an 
American  army  officer  and  ex- 
plorer: commands  Franklin  search 
party,  16,  314 

Schweidnitz,  Prussia:  taken  by  the 
Prussians  (1578),  18,  338;  taken  by 
Laudon  (1761),  342;  siege  of  (1762), 
343 

Schweinfurth,  Georg  August  (1836- 
),  an  African  explorer  and  bot- 
anist: arouses  an  interest  in  Africa, 
19,  59 

Schweizer,  Alexander  (1 808-1 888),  a 
German  theologian  of  the  Reformed 
Church:  sketch  of,  13,  584 

Schweizer,  Kaspar  (17th  century),  a 
Swiss  scholar:  sketch  of,  13,  482 

Schwerin,  Count  Kurt  Christoph 
(1684-1757),  a  German  general: 
campaigns  of,  18,  329,  335 

Schwyz,  a  Swiss  canton:  secures  inde- 
pendence, 18,  184 

Schwyz,  Diets  of: 

1802.     A   diet  called   to   receive  the 

new  Swiss  constitution,  13,  518 

1833.     A    special   diet   in   which   the 

Sonderbund  was  formed,  13,  541 

Science : 

ANTARCTIC  REGIONS:  geo- 
graphic,  16,  333 

ARABIA:  Grecian  influence,  1,  345; 
skilled  in  medicine,  348;  knowledge 
of  anatomy,  botany,  and  chemistry, 
348;  astronomy,  348 
ARCTIC  REGIONS:  contributions 
to,  16,  295;  geographic,  305;  Frank- 
lin search,  311;  Weyprecht's  contri- 
butions to,  318 

BABYLONIA  and  ASSYRIA:  as- 
tronomy and  astrology,  1,  109; 
knowledge     of     mathematics,     no; 


626 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


books  on  astronomy  and  astrology, 
no 

BELGIUM:   establishment  of  state 
in  Congo  Valley,  13,  311 
BOHEMIA:  founding  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Sciences,  17,  275 
CHINA:   scientific  writings,   6,   34; 
advances  in,  39 

DENMARK:  scientific  research,  16, 
198;  encouragement  of,  240 
EGYPT:  mathematical  papyrus,  1, 
21;  early  examples  of,  51;  early 
medicine  and  anatomy,  15,  52 
ENGLAND:  Francis  Bacon,  II, 
302;  Royal  Society  founded,  392, 
419;  Victorian  era,  612;  nautical,  20, 
122 

EUROPE:  growth  of  astronomy 
and  geography,  13,  168;  eastern  in- 
fluences, 18,  172 

FRANCE:  advances  in,  9,  490;  Ob- 
servatory of  Astronomical  Studies, 
10,  363 

GERMANY:  establishment  of  Acad- 
emy of  Science,  18,  320 
HUNGARY:  founding  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Sciences,   17,  341 
INDIA:  of  the  Brahmans,  5,  47 
IRELAND:     medical     manuscripts, 
12,  7 

ITALY:  progress  of  Tartaglia,  4, 
296;  Galileo's  additions  to,  321; 
electricity,  339;  Vico's  "  Scienza 
Nuva,"  408 

JAPAN:  instruction  in,  7,  4;  book 
on  botany,  142;  encouraged,   149 
NETHERLANDS:      founding      of 
University  of  Louvain,  13,  63;  Ger- 
ard   Mercator,   navigation,   20,    122; 
progress  of  17th  century,  13,  219 
PERSIA:  original  research,  5,  327; 
astronomical   observatory,  331 
PHOENICIA:  influenced  by  neigh- 
bors, I,  133 

PORTUGAL:  academy  of  sciences, 
8,  476 

RUSSIA:  Academy  of  Sciences,  15, 
82,  113 

SPAIN:  encouragement  of,  8,  72; 
Astronomical  Tables,  156;  natural 
history,  425 


SWEDEN:    encouraged    by    Chris- 
tina, 16,  204 

SWITZERLAND:    institutions    for 
advancement  of,  13,  583 
TURKEY:  books  on,  14,  164 

Scinde:  see  Sind 

Scione,  in  ancient  Greece:  revolts 
from  Athens,  2,  315;  retaken,  318 

Scipio,  Publius  Cornelius  (d.  212  B. 
C),  a  Roman  general:  defeated  at 
battle  of  Vercellae,  3,  116;  his  cam- 
paigns in  Spain,  3,  122,  8,  16;  death, 
3,  125 

Scipio,  Quintus  Metellus  Pius  (d.  46 
B.  C.)>  a  Roman  politician  and  sol- 
dier: becomes  consul  (52  B.  C.)»  3, 
321;  Pompeius  marries  daughter  of, 
326;  at  the  Corcyra  council  of  war, 
350;  succeeds  to  command  of  Pom- 
peian  army,  355;  at  battle  of  Thap- 
sus,  358;  death,  359 

Scipio  Aemilianus  Africanus  Minor, 
Publius  Cornelius,  a  Roman  gen- 
eral: born  about  185  B.  C;  he  was 
liberally  educated  and  was  well 
versed  in  Greek  literature  and  phi- 
losophy; in  168  B.  C,  fought  at  the 
battle  of  Pydna;  formed  an  inti- 
mate friendship  with  the  historian 
Polybius;  as  military  tribune  he 
went  to  Spain  in  151  B.  C,  and 
killed  a  gigantic  Spanish  chief;  in 
the  third  Punic  War,  which  began 
about  149,  he  displayed  great  mili- 
tary ability  in  Africa;  returned  to 
Rome  in  148;  was  elected  consul 
for,  147;  became  censor  with  Lucius 
Mummius  in  142;  endeavored  to  re- 
strain the  growing  love  of  luxury 
of  the  Romans  and  to  maintain  the 
simple  habits  and  austere  virtues  of 
their  ancestors;  but  in  this  he  was 
not  successful;  having  been  elected 
consul  in  134  B.  C,  obtained  the 
chief  command  in  Spain;  was  an 
inflexible  supporter  of  the  aristo- 
cratic party  and  approved  the  execu- 
tion of  Tiberius  Gracchus,  but  lost 
his  popularity  by  his  course  in  this 
affair;  was  found  dead  in  his  bed 
in    129   B.    C;   although   the   public 


GENERAL    INDEX 


627 


suspected  he  was  murdered,  no  per- 
son was  convicted  of  the  crime 

Reduces  Numantia,  3,  162,  8,  19; 
at  the  siege  of  Carthage  (149  B.  C.)» 
3,  164;  made  consul,  164;  captures 
Carthage,  165;  favors  suspension  of 
the  land  commission,  178;  estab- 
lishes the  pretorian  cohort,  198; 
death,  179 
Scipio  Africanus  Major,  Publius  Cor- 
nelius, a  Roman  general:  born  in 
235  or  234  B.  C;  fought  at  the  bat- 
tle of  the  Ticino,  and  rescued  his 
wounded  father  there,  in  218  B.  C; 
in  216,  as  military  tribune,  took  part 
in  the  battle  of  Cannae;  was  elected 
aedile  in  212  B.  C,  and  appointed 
commander-in-chief  of  the  army  in 
Spain  in  210;  was  successful  in  sev- 
eral campaigns  and  became  master 
of  nearly  all  Spain;  having  complet- 
ed the  conquest  of  Spain,  in  206  B. 
C,  returned  to  Rome  and  was  elect- 
ed consul  for  205,  although  under 
the  legal  age;  was  refused  an  army 
to  carry  the  war  into  Africa,  so  he 
raised  an  army  of  volunteers,  in- 
vaded Africa  in  204,  and  was  joined 
by  King  Massinissa;  was  suc- 
cessful in  several  battles;  in  Octo- 
ber, 202,  Scipio  defeated  Hannibal 
in  the  memorable  battle  of  Zama, 
which  decided  the  fate  of  Carthage; 
on  his  return  to  Rome,  in  201,  was 
received  with  great  enthusiasm  and 
obtained  the  surname  of  Africanus; 
the  people  proposed  to  make  him 
dictator  for  life,  but  he  declined  the 
honor;  he  was  chosen  censor  in  199, 
and  consul  in  194  B.  C;  about  187 
B.  C.  was  publicly  accused  of  re- 
ceiving bribes  from  Antiochus;  was 
prosecuted  and  made  a  speech  in 
his  defense,  which  was  partially  suc- 
cessful, as  his  enemies  and  judges 
abandoned  the  case;  deeply  affected 
by  the  ingratitude  of  the  people  he 
left  Rome  and  died  at  Liternum  in 
183  B.  C. 

Chosen  extraordinary  general  of 
army,  3,  126;  his  campaigns  in 
Spain,  8,  18;  at  battle  of  Baecula,  3, 


127;  chosen  consul,  129;  invades  Af- 
rica, 2,  518,  3,  129;  in  the  war  with 
Antiochus,  3,  144;  changes  the  seat- 
ing of  members  of  the  senate,  154; 
death,   146 

Scipio  Asiaticus,  Lucius  Cornelius,  Ro- 
man consul,  190  B.  C. :  elected  con- 
sul, 3,  225;  his  soldiers  desert  him 
for  Sulla,  226 

Scipio  Calvus,  Gnaeus  Cornelius,  Ro- 
man consul,  222  B.  C. :  captures  Mi- 
lan, 3,  109;  his  campaigns  in  Spain, 
3,   122,  8,  16;   death,  3,   125 

Scipio  Nasica  Corculum,  Publius  Cor- 
nelius, a  Roman  jurist,  consul,  155 
B.  C. :  opposes  plan  to  destroy  Car- 
thage, 3,  163 

Scipio  Nasica  Serapio,  Publius  Cor- 
nelius, Roman  consul,  138  B.  C. :  be- 
gins civil  war  against  the  Gracchi, 
3,  176 

Sciritis,  a  district  in  Greece:  taken 
from  Sparta,  2,  479 

Sclopis  de  Salerano,  Count  Federigo 
(1798-1878),  an  Italian  politician  and 
jurist:  in  Geneva  commission,  24, 
885 

Scodra,  the  ancient  name  of  Scutari,  a 
city  in   Albania:   capture  of,  3,    150 

Scone,  Monastery  of,  an  abbey  in 
Scotland:   founded,   12,  262 

Scordisci,  a  Celtic  tribe  in  Austria:  lo- 
cation of,  17,  11;  defeated  by  the 
Romans,  3,  192;  defeat  the  Boii,  17, 
12 

Scoresly,  William  (1789-1857),  Eng- 
lish physicist  and  Arctic  navigator: 
exploration   of,   in   Arctic   seas,   16, 

315 

Scot,  Michael  (d.  ca.  1290),  Scottish 
writer:  sketch  of,  12,  269 

Scotch,  natives  of  Scotland:  included 
in  Penn's   Colony,  23,   113 

Scotch-Irish,  Scotch  Protestant  set- 
tiers  in  Ireland:  arrive  in  Virginia, 
23,  67;  aid  settlement  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 113;  in  Pennsylvania  and 
other  colonies,  126 

Scotland:  the  Gaelic  period,  12,  247; 
the  English  period,  261;  invaded  by 
Hakon,  16,  99;  struggle  for  inde- 
pendence,  12,  271;  the  independent 


628 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


kingdoms,  282;  the  Jameses,  291;  the 
Reformation,  II,  335,  12,  311;  the 
Union  of  the  crowns,  II,  457,  12, 
332;  discontent  with  the  Union,  12, 
360 

Scotland,  Leper  King  of:  see  Robert 
Bruce,  King  of  Scotland 

Scotland,  The  Hammer  of:  see  Ed- 
ward  I,    King   of   England 

Scotland,  The  Joshua  of:  see  Robert 
Bruce,  King  of  Scotland 

Scotland,  The  Scourge  of:  see  Ed- 
ward I,  King  of  England 

Scots,  or  Scoti,  a  Gaelic  tribe  of  Ire- 
land and  Scotland:  sketch  of,  12, 
248;  harass  Romans,  11,  15 

Scott,  Dred  (19th  century),  American 
negro  slave:  famous  case  of,  24, 
658 

Scott,  Robert  Falcon  (1868 ),  Eng- 
lish naval  officer  and  explorer:  com- 
mands British  National  Antarctic 
Expedition,  16,  334 

Scott,  Sir  Walter  (1771-1832),  English 
novelist    and    poet:    sketch    of,    II, 

577 
Scott,  Winfield,  an  American  general: 
was  born  near  Petersburg,  Virginia, 
June  13,  1786;  studied  law  at  Wil- 
liam and  Mary  College  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar,  1806;  in  1807  he 
became  a  volunteer  in  a  troop  of 
horse,  called  out  under  the  procla- 
mation which  President  Jefferson 
issued;  was  then  appointed  a  cap- 
tain of  artillery;  in  1809  was  or- 
dered to  New  Orleans  to  join  the 
army  under  General  Wilkinson; 
having  indiscreetly  censured  the 
conduct  of  his  general  and  even  in- 
timated his  complicity  with  the  trea- 
son of  Burr,  Scott  was  tried  by  a 
court-martial  and  sentenced  to  be 
suspended  for  one  year;  he  spent 
the  year  of  his  suspension  in  study- 
ing and  laid  the  foundation  of  his 
thorough  acquaintance  with  Mili- 
tary Science;  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
War  of  1812,  he  was  made  a  lieuten- 
ant-colonel and  ordered  to  the  Can- 
ada frontier;  succeeded  Colonel  Van 
Renselaer  as  chief  commander  of  the 


American  troops;  in  1813,  joined 
General  Dearborn's  army  as  adju- 
tant-general; distinguished  himself 
at  Fort  George  in  May,  1813;  was 
taken  prisoner  at  Queenstown;  was 
made  brigadier-general,  1814;  was  at 
the  capture  of  F"ort  Erie,  July  3, 
1814,  and  at  the  battle  of  Lundy's 
Lane,  July  25,  1814;  for  his  services 
was  raised  to  the  rank  of  major- 
general  and  received  a  gold  medal 
from  President  Monroe;  de- 
clined the  offer  of  secretary  of  war; 
in  1832,  the  nullification  difficulties 
began  in  South  Carolina  and  Gen- 
eral Scott  was  sent  by  President  Jack- 
son to  take  measures  to  prevent,  or, 
if  need  be  to  quell  the  threatened 
insurrection  and  he  was  successful; 
on  the  death  of  General  Macomb  in 
June,  1 841,  Scott  succeeded  to  posi- 
tion of  commander-in-chief  of  the 
army  of  the  United  States;  in  the 
war  with  Mexico,  Scott  was  in  chief 
command  of  the  army  in  Mexico, 
and  was  successful  in  all  engage- 
ments; in  1852,  Scott  was  nominated 
by  the  Whig  party  as  candidate  for 
Presidency;  in  1855  the  honorary 
rank  of  lieutenant-general  was  con- 
ferred upon  Scott;  in  1861,  Scott  re- 
signed his  active  duties  in  Washing- 
ton and  retired  to  private  life;  died 
at  West  Point,  May  29,  1866 

In  War  of  1812,  23,  421,  424,  433; 
victory  at  Chippewa,  425;  sent  to 
Canadian  border,  515;  proposed  as 
nominee  for  Whig  Party,  24,  521; 
sent  to  Mexico,  549;  takes  command 
in  Mexico,  22,  301;  at  battle  of 
Cerro  Gordo,  24,  549;  opposes  peace 
commissioner,  551;  candidate  for 
President,  557;  receives  Presidential 
nomination  (1852),  620;  in  the  cam- 
paign of  1852,  621;  advises  the  gar- 
risoning of  Southern  forts,  696;  pro- 
tects Lincoln  at  inauguration,  707; 
approves  plan  of  battle  for  Bull  Run, 
734;  succeeded  by  McClellan,  757; 
early  army  comrade  of  Lee,  760 
Scottish  Antarctic  Expedition  (1903), 
1 6,  336 


GENERAL    INDEX 


629 


Scottish  Reformers,  The  Apostle  of 
the:  see  Knox,  John 

Scott-Moncrieff,    Sir    Colin    Campbell 

(1836 ),  English  colonial  officer: 

president  of  the  irrigation  commis- 
sion, 5,  280 

Scourge  of  Europe,  The:  see  Napoleon 
(I)  Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the 
French 

Scourge  of  God:  see  Attila 

Scourge  of  Scotland,  The:  see  Edward 
(I),  King  of  England 

Scourge  of  the  English,  The  Hammer 
and:  see  Wallace,  William 

Scranton,  Pennsylvania:  riots  at,  dur- 
ing railroad  strikes,  24,  919 

Scribonia,  wife  of  Octavius:  marriage, 
4,  20 

Scrope,  Richard  (ca.  1350-1405),  Arch- 
bishop of  York:  leader  of  insurrec- 
tion, 11,  194 

Sculpture:  see  Art 

Scutage,  a  tax  on  a  knight's  fee:  origin 
of,  11,  100 

Scutari:  see  Scodra 

Scylax  of  Caryanda  (ca.  500  B.  C)» 
Greek  admiral,  2,  131 

Scythian  Era:  see  Saka  Era 

Scythians,  in  ancient  history  the  in- 
habitants of  an  undefined  region  in 
the  north  and  eastern  part  of  Eu- 
rope and  in  central  and  northern 
Asia:  invade  India,  5,  72;  territory 
of,  invaded  by  Alexander,  2,  500; 
territory  of,  invaded  by  Darius,  I, 
165,  2,  131;  Greek  relations  with,  2, 
81 

Sea,  King  of  the:  see  Edward  III, 
King  of  England 

Sea,  The  Queen  of  the:  see  Tyre 

Sea  of  Darkness:  see  Atlantic  Ocean 

Sea  of  Japan:  battle  of  (1905),  7,  316, 
15,   364 

Seabury,  Samuel  (1729-1796),  Ameri- 
can divine:  consecrated,  12,  372 

Seadeddin  (14th  century),  Oriental 
historian,  14,  30,  35  note;  quoted,  37; 
influence  on  Mohammed  III  of  Tur- 
key, 205,  206,  207 

Seal  Fisheries:  dispute  in  Behring 
Sea,  24,  979 


Seankh-ka-ra,  King  of  Egypt,  ca.  2000 

B.  C:  reign  of,  I,  18 
Search  Warrants,  General:  issued  by 

British    Government  to   be   used   in 

colonies,  23,  205 
Seas,  The  Queen  of  the  Northern:  see 

Elizabeth,  Queen  of  England 
Seasons,  Society  of  the,  French  secret 

organization:    instigates    a    riot,    9. 

417 

Sebasteia:  see  Sivas 

Sebastian  (1554-1578),  King  of  Portu- 
gal, 1557-1578:  birth  of,  8,  440; 
reign  of,  440 

Sebastiani,  Count  Francois  Horace 
Bastien  (1772-1851),  French  soldier 
and  diplomat:  ambassador  to  Tur- 
key, 9,  330,  14,  396,  398;  his  rela- 
tions to  the  revolution  of  1830,  9, 
391;  made  minister  for  foreign  af- 
fairs, 399 

Sebastopol  (Sevastopol),  Russia, 
called  the  Queen  of  the  Euxine: 
Russian  port  founded  by  Catherine, 
14,  350;  siege  of  (1854-1855),  9,  447, 
11,  616,  14,  455,  15,  314 

Secession  in  the  United  States:  threats 
of  disunion  in  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, 23,  326;  agitated  in  New 
England  in  War  of  1812,  431;  threat- 
ened by  Georgia  on  account  of  inter- 
ference in  land  surveys,  471;  agitated 
on  account  of  protective  tariff,  472; 
suggested  by  the  opposition  to  ad- 
mission of  Louisiana,  24,  568;  Cal- 
houn's speech  of  1850,  604;  proposed 
by  Nashville  Convention  (1850), 
611;  advocated  in  Mississippi,  611; 
in  campaign  of  1856,  655;  South 
threatens,  678;  campaign  of  i860, 
683;  of  Southern  States,  684; 
Greeley  quoted  on  right  of,  714 

"  Secretary  Dynasty,"  a  name  given  to 
the  first  four  presidencies  after 
John  Adams:  growth  of  opposition 
to,  23,  463 

Sectional  feeling,  between  portions  of 
the  United  States:  on  land  question, 
23,  489;  increased  by  Jackson's 
methods,  499;  exemplified  in  atti- 
tude    toward     execution     of     John 


630 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Brown,  24,  675;  see  also  Civil  War 
Sections,  The,  political  divisions  of 
Paris  during  the  Revolution:  reduc- 
tion in  the  meetings  of,  10,  323;  dis- 
perse   the   insurgents    of   Germinal, 

337 

Security,  Act  of,  an  act  passed  by  the 
Scottish  Parliament,  providing  that 
the  successor  to  the  Scottish  Crown, 
after  the  queen's  death,  should  not 
be  the  same  person  as  the  successor 
to  the  crown  of  England  (1703),  ix, 
457 

Sedan,  France:  battle  of  (1870),  9,  464, 

18,  423 

Sedan,  The  Man  of:  see  Napoleon  III, 
Emperor  of  the  French 

Sedgemoor,  tract  of  land  in  Somerset- 
shire, England:  battle  of  (1685),  II, 
422 

Sedgewick,  John  (1813-1864),  Ameri- 
can soldier:  retreats  before  Lee,  24, 
771 

Sedition  Act,'  an  act  passed  by  the 
United  States  Congress,  the  object 
of  which  was  to  destroy  freedom  of 
speech  and  of  the  press  (1798),  23, 

377 
Sef  ben  Sultan  (17th  century),  Imaun 
of   Oman:    his   campaign  in   Africa, 

19,  39 

Segauli,  Treaty  of,  an  agreement  con- 
cluded between  England  and  Nepal 
(1815),  5,  207 

Segesta:  see  Siscia 

Segestes  (1st  century  A.  D.),  Cherus- 
can  chief:  his  feud  with  Hermann, 
18,  19;  death  of,  21 

Sego  or  Segu,  Africa:  captured  by  the 
French  (1890),  19,  151 

Segur  (17th  century),  French  states- 
man: in  council  of  Louis  XIV,  9, 
207 

Seid  Bokhari  (15th  century),  Moham- 
medan dervish:  leads  Turkish  as- 
sault, 14,  59 

Seidlitz  (Seydlitz),  Friedrich  Wilhelm 
von  (1721-1773),  Prussian  cavalry 
leader:  in  the  Seven  Years'  War, 
18,  336,  338 

Sei-Shonagon     (10th    and     nth    cen- 


turies    A.     D.),     Japanese     writer: 

works  of,  7,  43 
Seiwa   (9th  century  A.  D.),  Emperor 

of  Japan:  reign  of,  7,  46 
Sejanus  .ffilius  (d.  31  A.  D.),  favorite 

and  minister  of  Emperor  Tiberius: 

his   influence   over  Tiberius,   4,   50; 

death,  52 
Sekenen-Ra  (Seqenen-Ra)  I  (ca.  1600 

B.  C.)>  Prince  of  Thebes:  defeats  the 

Hyksos,  1,  21 
Sekigahara,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  124 
Sekunder:   see  Sikandar 
Sekydianos:  see  Sogdianos 
Selectmen,    town    officials    in    United 

States:    election    and   duties   of,    23, 

123 
Seleucia,  Asia  Minor:  siege  of,  3,  322; 

destroyed,  4,  89 
Seleucus  (I)   Nicator  (ca.  358-280  B. 

C),    Macedonian    general:    receives 

Bactria  and  India,  5,  69;  death  of,  2, 

sis 

Self-denying  Ordinance,  The,  in  Eng- 
lish history,  a  measure  intended  to 
remove  inefficient  commanders  from 
the  army  (1644),  II,  351 

Self-denying  Ordinance,  The,  in 
French  history,  an  act  which  provid- 
ed that  no  member  of  the  national 
assembly  might  sit  in  the  legisla- 
tive assembly  (1791),  10,  145  note 

Selim  I  (ca.  1465-1520),  Sultan  of  Tur- 
key, 1512-1520:  intrigues  for  sover- 
eignty, 14,  115;  accession  of,  117; 
reign  of,  119;  at  war  with  Persia,  5, 
341;  conquers  Egypt,  1,  36,  20,  42; 
death  of,  14,  137;  compared  to  Sulei- 
man I,   146 

Selim  II  (d.  1574),  Sultan  of  Turkey, 
1566-1574;  intrigue  to  secure  suc- 
cession of,  14,  168;  accession  of. 
178;  reign  of,  191;  concludes  a 
treaty  with  Hungary,  17,  220;  at 
war  with  Venice,  4,  309;  death  of, 
14,  200 

Selim  III  (1761-1808),  Sultan  of  Tur- 
key, 1780-1807:  reign  of,  14,  355; 
forced  abdication  of,  400;  death  of, 
401;  his  encouragement  of  educa- 
tion, 412 


GENERAL    INDEX 


631 


Selim  Ghirai  (17th  century),  Khan  of 
the  Crimea;  flight  before  Sobieski, 
14,  250;  aids  Kiuprili  against  Aus- 
trians,  258,  259 

Selim  Ghirai  (18th  century),  Khan  of 
the  Crimea:  account  of,  14,  330 

Selinus,   Sicily:   at  war  with   Segesta, 

2,  328;  aids  Syracuse,  339;  destroyed 
by  Carthaginians,  408 

Seljirks,  Turkish  dynasty,  reigning  in 
central  and  western  Asia  in  nth, 
12th  and  13th  centuries,  founded  by 
Toghrul  or  Toghril  Bey,  grandson 
of  Seljirk:  overrun  Asia  Minor,  14, 
4;  rise  of,  5,  329;  establish  empire, 
14,  10 

Selkirk,  Thomas  Douglas,  Earl  of 
(1771-1820),  Scottish  colonizer  and 
author:  receives  grant  of  land  from 
the  Hudson  Bay  Company,  20,  168 

Sellasia,  Greece:  battle  at  (221  B.  C.)» 

3,  517 

Selous,  Frederick  (1851 ),  English 

hunter:  his  work  in  South  Africa, 
19,  228 

Selymbria,  in  ancient  geography  a 
town  in  Thrace,  situated  on  the 
Propontis:    taken   by   Athenians,   2, 

3^7 
Seminara,    Italy:   battle   of   (1503),   9, 

133 

Seminary  Ridge,  Pennsylvania:  in  bat- 
tle of  Gettysburg,  24,  780;  Lee 
masses  forces  on,  780 

Seminole  Indians,  a  tribe  of  North 
American  Indians:  location,  23,  8; 
removed  to  Indian  Territory,  488, 
515;  trouble  with,  506;  Indian  Ter- 
ritory acquired  from,  24,  985 

Seminole  Wars: 

1817-1818.     Account  of,  23,  444 
1835-1842.     Account  of,  23,  507;  cost 
of,    515;    Taylor    defeats    Indians, 

24,  592 

Semmes,  Raphael  (1809-1877),  a  Con- 
federate naval  commander:  com- 
mands the  "  Alabama,"  24,  881 

Sempach,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1386),  13,  381,   17,   106,  18,   197 

Sempach,  Convention  of,  a  military 
ordinance  formed  by  the  Swiss 
states  (1393),  13,  383,  387 


Sempach,  Society  of,  a  patriotic  so- 
ciety in  Switzerland:  work  of,  13, 
530 

Sempronius,  Tiberius,  Roman  consul, 
218  B.   C:  at  battle  of  the  Trebia, 

3,  117 

Senate  of  Rome :  see  Roman  Senate 

Senate  of  the  United  States,  the  upper 
branch  of  the  legislature:  composi- 
tion, 23,  332;  salary  of  members, 
346 

Senators  in  France:  under  Napoleon 
(1799),  10,  436 

Seneca,  Lucius  Annaeus  (ca.  4  B.  C- 
65  A.  D.),  a  Roman  Stoic  philoso- 
pher: charged  with  education  of 
Nero,  4,  62;  retires  from  court,  64; 
joins  conspiracy  against  Nero,  65 

Senef  (Seneffe),  Belgium:  battle  of 
(1674),  9,  311,  13,  240 

Senegal,  a  colony  in  western  Africa: 
taken  by  the  English,  9,  246;  ceded 
to  England,  23,  198 

Senegal  Company,  French,  a  company 
in  Africa:  oppose  settlement  of 
Swedes  in  Africa,  20,  130 

Senegambia,  a  region  in  western  Af- 
rica: description  of,  20,  281 

Senhouse,  Sir  Fleming  (19th  century), 
an  English  admiral:  in  China,  6, 
137 

Seniofredo  (10th  century),  Count  of 
Barcelona:  reign  of,  8,  225 

Senlac,  a  hill  in  England,  near  Has- 
tings: battle  of  (1066),  11,  66 

Senlis,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  in  which 
Charles  VIII  of  France  gave  up 
some  land  to  Maximilian  of  Austria 
(1495),  9,  129 

Sennacherib,  King  of  Assyria,  705- 
681  B.  C:  reign  of,  I,  87;  invades 
Judah,  397 

Sens,  France:  battle  of  (ca.  600  A. 
D.),  9,  30 

Sentinum,  the  old  name  for  Sentino, 
Italy:  battle  of  (295  B.  C),  3,  72 

Senufs,  a  race  of  Africans:  sketch  of, 
19,  148 

Separatists:  see  Puritans 

Sepharvaim:  see  Sippara 

Sephuris:  see  Snefru 

Sepoy  Mutiny,  The,  the  revolt  against 


632 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


British  authority  in  India  (1857- 
1858),  5,  232 

September,  Laws  of,  in  French  his- 
tory, laws  restricting  the  freedom 
of  the  press  (1835),  9,  408 

September  Massacres,  a  series  of  mur- 
ders during  the  French  Revolution 
(1792),   11,  S4i 

Septennial  Act,  in  English  history,  an 
act  which  prolonged  to  seven  years 
the  possible  life  of  Parliament 
(1716),  II,  470 

Septimius,  Lucius  (1st  century  B.  C), 
a  Roman  politician:  assassinates 
Pompeius,  3,  351 

Sepulveda,  Spain:  battle  of,  8,  144 

Seqenen-Ra  I:  see  Sekenen-Ra 

Sequani,  an  ancient  people  of  eastern 
Gaul:  at  war  with  the  Haedui,  3, 
300;  form  alliance  with  Arverni,  18, 
10 

Serajevo  (Serajewo),  the  capital  of 
Bosnia:  insurrection  in    (1878),   17, 

423 

Serampur  (Serampore),  Bengal,  Brit- 
ish India:  founded,  5,  171 

"Serapis,"  a  British  man-of-war:  fight 
with  the  "  Bonhomme  Richard,"  23, 
290 

Serfdom:  see  also  Slavery 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  revolt  of 
peasants,  17,  168,  173;  reform  of, 
256;  abolished  in  Moravia,  Galicia, 
and  Hungary  by  Joseph  II,  268; 
abolished  in  Polish  Galicia  by  Fran- 
cis II,  289 

BOHEMIA:  oppressive  to  peasants, 
17,  119;  after  Thirty  Years'  War, 
213 

DENMARK:  decline  of  peasantry, 
16,  94;  steps  toward  freedom,  190; 
reimposed  restrictions,  193;  under 
Frederick  III,  233;  under  Christian 
V,  234;  efforts  to  abolish,  238;  aboli- 
tion of,  255 

ENGLAND:  serfs,  11,  52;  Wyc- 
liffe's  influence,  171;  Wat  Tyler's  re- 
bellion, 174;  Jack  Cade's  rebellion, 
209 

FRANCE:  position  of  serfs,  9,  23, 
65 


GERMANY:    under    Charlemagne, 
18,  87;  condition  of  serfs,  177 
GREECE:  the  Helots,  2,  71 
IRELAND:   condition   of  peasants, 
12,   174 

MEXICO:  under  Spanish  conquer- 
ors, 22,  104 

NETHERLANDS:  time  of  Charle- 
magne, 13,  16;   nth  century,  28 
NORWAY:  under  Danish  rule,  16, 
233 

RUSSIA:  condition  of  peasants  un- 
der Polish  landlords,  15,  n;  insti- 
tuted by  Boris  Godunov,  19;  condi- 
tions under  Peter  the  Great,  73; 
conditions  under  Catherine  the 
Great,  182;  efforts  for  emancipation, 
264;  emancipation  of  serfs,  323 
SCOTLAND:  colliers  and  salters, 
12,  370 

SWITZERLAND:  13th  century,  13, 
351;  villainage  abolished,  437 
TURKEY:   position   of  the   Rayas, 
14,  99,  186 

UNITED     STATES:     early     New 
York,  23,  102 

Sergeant,  John  (1779-1852),  an  Ameri- 
can jurist  and  statesman:  as  dele- 
gate to  Panama  Congress,  23,  468 

Sergent,  Antoine  Francois  (1751- 
1847),  a  French  revolutionist:  leader 
of  the  commune,  10,  203 

Sergius  (1857-1905),  Grand  Duke  of 
Russia:  assassination  of,  15,  365 

Seringapatam  (Srirangapatam),  My- 
sore, India:  siege  of  (1799),  5,  200, 
20,  145 

Serpa  Pinto:  see  Pinto,  Alexandre  Al- 
berto da  Rocha  Serpa 

Serpent  Mound,  a  mound  in  Ohio, 
supposed  to  have  been  made  by  a 
prehistoric  race,  23,  5 

Serrano  y  Dominguez,  Francisco, 
Duke  de  la  Torre  (1810-1885),  a 
Spanish  statesman  and  general: 
joins  revolutionists,  8,  508;  made 
president  of  provisional  government, 
510;  regent  of  Spain,  9,  461;  presi- 
dent of  the  republic,  8,  513 

Serre,  Pierre  Frangois  Hercule,  Comte 
de  (1776-1824),  a  French  orator  and 


GENERAL    INDEX 


minister  of  state:  made  keeper  of 
the  seals,  9,  370 

Serrurier,  Jean  Mathieu  Philibert, 
Comte  (1742-1819),  a  French  gen- 
eral: his  campaign  against  the  al- 
lied powers,  9,  294;  .his  campaigns 
under  the  directory,  299 

Sertorius,  Quintus  (d.  72  B.  C),  a  Ro- 
man general:  member  of  conspiracy 
against  Sulla,  3,  221;  his  campaigns 
against  Sulla,  8,  20;  attempts  to 
raise  new  levies  in  Etruria,  3,  226; 
his  career  in  Spain,  256;  assassina- 
tion of,  3,  257,  8,  21 

Servants,  Indented,  a  social  class  in 
the  early  days  of  America:  status 
of,  23,   130 

Servet  (d.  ca.  1543),  Spanish  heretical 
Calvinist:   death  of,   13,  449 

Servia,  a  kingdom  in  southeastern 
Europe:  conquered  by  the  Turks, 
17,  155;  leads  Slav  revolt,  14,  32; 
independent  from  Turkey,  63;  re- 
conquered by  Turks,  68;  made  Turk- 
ish province,  82;  troubles  in,  386; 
independent  principality  formed,  17, 
324;  reconquered  by  Turks,  14,  410; 
in  Treaty  of  Adrianople,  432;  incor- 
porated in  Hungary,  17,  398;  de- 
clares war  against  Turkey  (1876), 
419;  brought  into  close  relationship 
with  Austria-Hungary,  424 

Servian  Wall,  one  of  the  boundaries 
of  early  Rome:  built,  3,  22 

Servians,  race  of  southeastern  Europe: 
emigrate  to  Russia,  15,  124;  revolt 
against   Turkey,   332 

Servilian  Rogation,  a  bill  for  the 
founding  of  colonies  in  Italy:  di- 
rected against  Pompeius,  3,  279; 
proposed  and  withdrawn,  281 

Servilius,  Publius,  Roman  consul,  490 
B.  C. :  suspends  the  law  of  debt,  3, 
40 

Servilius  Geminus,  Gnaeus,  Roman 
consul,  217  B.C.:  his  army  defeated 
by  Hannibal,  3,  118;  death  of,  3,  121 

Servilius  Vatia,  Publius  (Isauricus), 
Roman  consul,  79  B.  C. :  defeats  the 
pirate   fleet,   3,   260 

Servius  Tullius,  legendary  King  of 
Rome:  reforms  of,  3,   18 


Sese,  Martin  (late  18th  century), 
Mexican  botanist:  establishes  a  bo- 
tanical garden,  22,  217 

Seskar,  Island  of,  Gulf  of  Finland: 
battle  of  the  (1790),  15,  188 

Seslavin  (early  19th  century),  Russian 
commander:  his  guerrilla  warfare, 
15,  246 

Sesostris,  The  Corsican:  see  Napoleon 
(I)  Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the 
French 

Sesshn  (14th  century),  Japanese  art- 
ist: sketch  of,  7,  106 

Sestos,  Thrace,  northern  Greece:  tak- 
en by  Athenians,  2,  222;  Athenian 
fleet  at,  364 

Seta,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  62 

Seti  Menephtah  I  (Sethos)  (14th  cen- 
tury B.  C),  King  of  Egypt:  reign 
of,  I,  25 

Set-Nekht  (12th  century  B.  C),  King 
of  Egypt:  reign  of,  1,  28 

Settlement,  Act  of,  a  bill  regulating 
the  occupation  of  Irish  lands  (1661), 
II,  390,  12,  129 

Settlement,  Act  of,  a  bill  by  which  the 
succession  to  the  English  throne 
was  settled  after  Anne's  death  on 
Sophia,  Electress  of  Hanover  and 
her  descendants  (1701),  11,  448 

Seul,  Korea:  uprising  of  1884,  7,  256; 
captured  by  the  Japanese,  260 

Sevastopol:  see  Sebastopol 

Seven  Cities  of  Cibola,  Arizona  and 
New  Mexico:  search  for,  23,  41 

Seven  Days'  Battles,  in  the  American 
Civil  War:  account  of,  24,  761 

Seven  Days'  King,  The:  see  Masa- 
niello 

Seven  Hills,  City  of  the:  see  Rome, 
also   Constantinople 

Seven  Months'  War,  The:  see  Franco- 
Prussian  War 

Seven  Pines,  Virginia:  battle  of 
(1862),   24,   758 

Seven  Weeks'  War  (1866),  between 
Prussia  and  Austria,  9,  455,  18,  410, 
412 

Seven  Years'  War,  The,  conflict  main- 
tained by  Frederick  II  of  Prussia 
against  Austria,  Russia,  and  France 
(1756-1763):   mentioned,  9,  244,   11, 


634 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


497,  13,  256,  14,  318,  16,  228;  cause, 
15,  I3i>  l8»  3345  Frederick  invades 
Prussia,  18,  335;  siege  of  Prague 
(i757)>  3355  Frederick  defeated  at 
Kollin  (1757),  335;  Frederick  routs 
the  French  at  Rossbach  (1757),  336; 
Frederick  routs  the  Austrians  at 
Leuthen  (1757),  337;  French  driven 
from  northern  Germany  (1758),  338; 
Frederick  defeats  the  Russians  at 
Zorndorf  (1758),  338;  Frederick  is 
defeated  at  Kunersdorf  (1758),  339; 
Berlin  surrendered  to  Austria  and 
Russia  (1760),  341;  peace  with  Rus- 
sia and  Sweden  (1762),  343;  peace 
at  Hubertsburg  (1763),  344;  effect 
of,  in  India,  5,  179;  on  England's 
colonial  possessions,  20,  76 

Seven  Years'  War,  The  Scandinavian 
(1562-1569):  account  of,  16,  162,  196 

Seventh  of  March  Speech,  Webster's, 
in  favor  of  compromise,  24,  605 

Seventy  Isles,  City  of  the:  see  Venice 

Severus,  Flavius  Valerius,  Roman  Em- 
peror, 306-307  A.  D.:  becomes  Cae- 
sar for  Constantius,  4,  116 

Severus,  Libius,  Roman  Emperor,  461- 
465  A.  D.:  reign  of,  4,  149 

Severus,  Lucius  Septimus,  Roman 
Emperor,  193-21 1  A.  D.:  reign  of, 
4,  100;  visits  Britain,  II,  11,  12,  249 

Severus,  Marcus  Aurelius  Alexander 
(Alexander  Severus),  Roman  Em- 
peror, 222-235  A.  D.:  reign  of,  4, 
105 

Sevier,  Ambrose  H.   (early  19th  cen- 
tury), American  statesman:  plenipo 
tentiary  to  Mexico,  22,  378 

Sevier,  John  (18th  century),  American 
Revolutionary  leader:  at  the  battle 
of  King's  Mountain,  23,  279 

Seville,  Spain:  conquest  of  (713  A.  D.), 
I»  315,  8,  5i;  sieges  of  (1015),  8, 
80;  (1247),  106;  taken  by  French 
(1810),  9,  337 

Seville,  Treaty  of,  a  peace  between 
England,  France,  and  Spain  (1729): 
account  of,  8,  410,  13,  253 

Sewall,  Arthur  (d.  1900),  American 
politician:  nominated  for  Vice- 
President   (1896),  23,    1014 

Sewall,  Samuel  (1652-1730),  American 


jurist  of  English  birth:  first  anti- 
slavery  agitator  in  Massachusetts, 
23,  130 
Seward,  William  Henry,  an  American 
statesman:  born  at  Florida,  Orange 
Co.,  New  York,  May  16,  1801;  was 
educated  at  Union  College,  Schenec- 
tady, N.  Y.,  which  he  entered  in 
1816;  taught  school  in  one  of  the 
southern  States  for  six  months  in 
1819  and  returned  to  Union  College 
'in  1820;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1822;  became  a  resident  of  Auburn, 
N.  Y.,  in  1823;  acquired  a  high  repu- 
tation as  a  lawyer  and  in  criminal 
trials  acted  almost  exclusively  as 
counsel  for  the  defendant;  in  1828 
he  was  president  of  the  State  Con- 
vention which  favored  the  reelection 
of  John  Quincy  Adams  to  the  Presi- 
dential chair;  joined  the  Anti-Ma- 
sonic party  by  which  he  was  elected 
to  the  Senate  of  New  York  in  1830, 
by  a  large  majority;  in  1832  he  made 
a  speech  in  favor  of  the  United 
States  Bank,  became  leader  of  the 
opposition  party  in  his  own  State 
and  a  supporter  of  the  national  party 
which  afterwards  was  named  Whig; 
in  1833  he  crossed  the  Atlantic  and 
made  a  tour  through  Great  Britain, 
Ireland,  Holland,  Germany,  and 
France;  published  some  observa- 
tions on  those  countries  in  a  series 
of  letters;  was  nominated  as  the 
Whig  candidate  for  Governor  of 
New  York  in  1834,  but  was  defeat- 
ed; in  1838  elected  Governor  of  the 
State;  supported  General  Harrison 
for  President  in  1840  and  at  that 
time  was  reelected  for  Governor  for 
two  years;  declined  to  be  a  candi- 
date in  1842,  and  resumed  the  prac- 
tice of  law;  in  the  Presidential  elec- 
tion of  1844  he  was  an  active  sup- 
porter of  Henry  Clay,  and  opposed 
the  annexation  of  Texas  to  the 
United  States;  in  1848,  advocated 
the  nomination  and  election  of 
Taylor  to  the  Presidency;  in 
1849  was  elected  by  the  State 
legislature    to    the    Senate    of    the 


GENERAL    INDEX 


635 


United  States;  soon  became  an 
intimate  friend  and  favorite  coun- 
sellor of  President  Taylor;  in  March, 
1850,  made  a  speech  in  favor  of  the 
admission  of  California  into  the 
Union;  in  1852  voted  for  Scott, 
Whig  candidate  for  President,  and 
was  one  of  the  chief  founders  of  the 
Republican  party;  reelected  a  Sena- 
tor of  the  United  States  in  1855; 
visited  Europe  a  second  time  in 
1859;  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
State  in  March,  1861;  made  a  tour 
around  the  world,  1870-1871;  died  at 
Auburn,  N.  Y.,  October  1,  1872 

Opposes  nomination  of  Clay  for 
Presidency,  24,  520;  influence  over 
Taylor,  594;  speech  on  compromise 
measures,  607;  aids  slaves  to  escape 
from  South,  617;  proposes  repeal  of 
Missouri  Compromise,  633;  answers 
Douglas's  speech  (1853),  634;  leader 
of  Republican  Party,  653;  favors 
Douglas's  reelection,  664;  speech  at 
Rochester,  671;  his  principles 
blamed  for  John  Brown's  raid,  676; 
qualifications  for  presidential  can- 
didate, 680;  quoted  on  Buchanan's 
speech  of  December  4,  i860,  698; 
Lincoln's  Secretary  of  State,  708; 
denies  that  the  Confederacy  is  an  in- 
dependent nation,  709;  disavows  act 
of  Captain  Wilkes,  729;  quoted  on 
Sherman  and  Farragut,  801;  in 
Hampton  Roads  Conference,  809;  at- 
tempted assassination  of,  826;  ad- 
vises Johnston  as  to  reconstruction 
of  the  South,  832;  prepares  veto 
message  for  Tenure  of  Office  Act, 
853;  and  French  occupation  of 
Mexico,  876;  acquires  Alaska 
for  the  United  States,  20,  305, 
24,  878;  ambitious  for  American  ex- 
pansion, 24,  878;  alarm  over  the 
"Alabama,"  882;  negotiates  treaty 
with  China,  919 

Sextius,  Lucius,  a  Roman  tribune,  377 
B.  C:  reforms  of,  3,  49 

Seychelles,  a  group  of  islands  east  of 
Zanzibar:  sketch  of,  19,  213;  taken 
by  England,  20,  263 

Sey'id  Burghash    (late   19th   century), 


Sultan  of  Zanzibar:  his  negotiations 
with  the  British,  19,  84 

Sey'id  Majid  (19th  century),  an 
Imaum  of  Muscat:  confirmed  in  his 
possessions,  19,  53 

Sey'id  Said  (early  19th  century),  an 
Imaum  of  Muscat:  sketch  of,  19,  53 

Seymour,  Edward,  Duke  of  Somerset 
(1500-1552),  an  English  politician: 
his  campaigns  in  Scotland,  XI,  262, 
12,  305,  306;  made  Protector,  11, 
264;  death  of,  268 

Seymour,  Sir  Edward  Hobart  (1840- 

),  an  English  admiral:  in  Boxer 

Rebellion,  6,  281,  300,  304,  7,  279 

Seymour,  Sir  George  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), an  English  admiral:  in  Cali- 
fornia, 22,  297 

Seymour,  Sir  George  Hamilton  (1797- 
1880),  a  British  diplomat:  his  inter- 
views with  Nicholas  I  of  Russia, 
14,  447,  15,  304 

Seymour,  Horatio  (1810-1886),  an 
American  politician:  governor  of 
New  York,  24,  779;  in  Democratic 
convention,  800;  nominated  Presi- 
dent, 859 

Seymour,  Jane  (ca.  1510-1537),  the 
third  queen  of  Henry  VIII:  marries 
Henry  VIII,  11,  256;  death  of,  258 

Seymour,  Sir  Michael  (1802-1887),  a 
British  admiral:  takes  Canton,  6, 
160 

Seymour,  Thomas,  Lord  Sudely  (ca. 
1508-1549),  lord  high  admiral  of 
England:  executed,  11,  266 

Seymour,  William  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), an  English  nobleman:  his 
claims  to  the  throne  of  England,  11, 

304 

Seze,  Raymond,  Count  de  (1748-1828), 
a  French  advocate  and  royalist: 
counsel  for  Louis  XVI,  9,  280, 
10,  234 

Sforza,  Blanca  Maria  (late  15th  cen- 
tury), an  Italian  noblewoman,  niece 
of  the  Duke  of  Milan:  marries 
Maximilian    I   of  Germany,   18,   226 

Sforza,  Francesco  (1401-1465),  an 
Italian  soldier:  leader  of  the  condot- 
tieri,  4,  254 

Sforza,    Galeazzo    Maria    (1 444-1476), 


636 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Duke  of  Milan:  career  of,  4,  265,  289 

Sforza,     Giacomuzzo     Attendolo     (ca. 

1370-1424),    an    Italian    soldier    of 

fortune:  leader  of  the  condottieri,  4, 

253 

Sforza,  Gian  Galeazzo  Maria  (1468- 
1494),  Duke  of  Milan:  reign  of,  4, 
289,  9,  130 

Sforza,  Ludovico  (Louis),  surnamed 
II  Moro  (The  Moor)  (1451-1510), 
Duke  of  Milan:  attempts  to  unite 
Italy  in  one  body,  9,  130;  usurps 
duchy  of  Milan,  4,  265,  271,  289; 
joins  league  against  Charles  VIII  of 
France,  9,  131;  defeated  by  the 
French,  13,  420 

Sforza,  Massimiliano  (Maximilian)  (d. 
1530),  Duke  of  Milan:  drives  French 
out  of  Lombardy,  4,  293;  given  the 
key  of  Zurich,   13,  421 

Sha  River,  Manchuria:  battle  of,  7, 
3ii 

Shabaka:  see  Sabako 

Shabats,  Fortress  of,  a  fortress  on  the 
Save  river  in  Austria:  built,  17,  163 

Shabatuk  (8th  century  B.  C),  King 
of  Egypt:  reign  of,  1,  30 

Shadrach,  a  Virginia  negro:  rescued 
by  Boston  mob,  24,  615 

Shad-ul-Mulk  (15th  century),  a  Per- 
sian woman:  her  relations  with 
Kulil  Sultan,  5,  339 

Shatter,  William  Rufus  (1835 ),  an 

American  general:  in  the  Spanish- 
American  War,  22,  459,  24,  1029; 
receives  surrender  of  Santiago,  24, 
1030 

Shaftesbury,  Earls  of:  see  Berkeley 
and  Cooper 

Shah  Alam  (Schah-Alem)  II  (d.  1806), 
Emperor  of  India:  claims  Bengal, 
5,  185;  at  war  with  the  English,  135, 
187 

Shah  Jahan  (Shah-Jehan)  (d.  1666), 
the  fifth  Mogul  Emperor  of  India: 
reign  of,  5,  119;  captures  Hugh 
(1629),  150 

Shah  Rokh  (d.  1446),  Persian  ruler: 
reign  of,  5,  339 

Shahab-ud-din :  see  Mohammed  of 
Ghor 

Shahin  Ghirai  (18th  century),  Khan  of 


the  Crimea:  account  of,  14,  331,  345 

Shahji  Bhonsla  (17th  century),  Mara- 
tha  soldier:  rise  of,  5,  130 

Shahpur  (Sapor)  I,  King  of  Persia, 
ca.  240-ca.  273  A.  D.:  reign  of,  5, 
316 

Shahpur  (II)  the  Great,  King  of  Per- 
sia, 310-ca.  381  A.  D.:  reign  of,  5, 
3i8 

Shahr  Barz  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Per- 
sian general:  defeated  by  Heraclius, 
5,  321 

Shakban  Khan  (16th  century),  leader 
of  Uzbegs:  overthrows  the  Timurid 
dynasty  in  Turkestan,  5,  341 

Shakespeare,  William,  English  poet 
and  dramatist:  was  born  at  Strat- 
ford-on-Avon,  Warwickshire,  Eng- 
land, in  April  (probably  on  the 
23rd),  1564;  of  his  childhood  after 
his  christening,  which  took  place  on 
April  26,  and  his  early  youth  we 
know  absolutely  nothing;  married  in 
his  nineteenth  year  Anne  Hatha- 
way; appears  soon  after  his  mar- 
riage to  have  gone  to  London, 
where  he  followed  the  profession  of 
an  actor;  tradition  says  he  fled 
from  Warwickshire  in  consequence 
of    having    been    detected    in    deer- 

.  stealing;  it  is  not  known  when  he 
first  began  to  write  plays  or  which 
he  wrote  first;  his  first  published 
play  appeared  in  1594;  passed,  it  is 
said,  the  last  years  of  his  life  in 
his  native  Stratford  in  honor  and 
affluence;  died  at  Stratford,  April 
23,  1616 

Sketch  of,  11,  302 

Shakloviti  (17th  century),  Russian 
conspirator:  death  of,  15,  31 

Shakovski,  Prince  (19th  century),  Rus- 
sian commander;  occupies  Moscow, 
15,  242 

Shallum  ben  Jabesh,  King  of  Israel, 
770  B.  C. :  usurps  throne,   1,  393 

Shalmaneser  II,  King  of  Assyria,  860- 
824  B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  80;  besieges 
Damascus  (842  B.  C),  392 
Shalmaneser  IV,  King  of  Assyria, 
727-722  B.  C. :  reign  of,  I,  84;  be- 
sieges  Tyre,    124;   compels  Tyre  to 


GENERAL    INDEX 


637 


resume  homage,  2,  78;  besieges 
Samaria,  1,  394 

Shamash-shum-ukin  (7th  century  B. 
C),  Assyrian  prince:  made  viceroy 
of  Babylon,  1,  90;  revolt  of,  91 

Shamshi-Adad  I,  King  of  Assyria, 
1830-1810  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  78 

Shamshi-Adad  II,  King  of  Assyria, 
ca.  1800  B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  81 

Shang  (Yin)  Dynasty,  The,  Chinese 
rulers,  1766-1153  B.  C,  6,  7 

Shanghai,  China:  evacuation  of 
(1902),  by  allied  forces,  7,  292;  boy- 
cott of  American  goods  at,  6,  320 

Shangti  Hui,  a  society  established  in 
China  by  a  man  named  Hung 
(1851),  6,  148 

"Shannon,"  British  frigate:  defeats 
"  Chesapeake,"    23,   423 

Shantung,  China:  province  of,  6,  278; 
attacks  on  foreigners  in,  299 

Shargani-shar-ali:   see   Sargon   I 

Sharp,  Granville  (1734-1813),  English 
philanthropist:  his  efforts  in  behalf 
of  slaves,  19,  40,  20,   130 

Sharp,  James  (1618-1679),  Scottish 
prelate:  made  archbishop,  12,  344; 
death  of,  347 

Sharp,  John  (1644-1714),  English 
prelate:  James  II  orders  suspension 
of,  11,  424 

Sharp  Knife:  see  Jackson,  Andrew 

Sharpay  (17th  century),  English  sea 
captain:  obtains  grant  of  free  trade 
at  Aden,  5,  160 

Sharpsburg,  Maryland:  battle  of  An- 
tietam  near  (1862),  24,  765 

Sharrukin:  see  Sargon  I 

Shavirov,  Baron  (18th  century),  Rus- 
sian diplomat:  his  negotiations  with 
Turkey,  15,  60;  sketch  of,  89;  his 
negotiations  with   Persia,   116 

Shawnee  Indians,  North  America:  be- 
long to  Algonquian  stock,  23,  8; 
trouble  in  Northwest,  416 

Shays,  Daniel  (1747-1825),  American 
insurgent:  leads  insurrection,  23,  315 

Shays's  Rebellion,  a  popular  revolt  in 
Massachusetts  (1786-1787),  caused 
by  economic  distress,  and  precipitat- 
ed by  heavy  taxation,  23,  316,  321 

Sheares,  Henry   (d.   1798),   Irish  bar- 


rister   and    insurgent:     arrest     and 

death  of,  12,  209 
Sheares,  John  (d.  1798),  Irish  barris- 
ter and  insurgent:  arrest  and  death 

of,  12,  209 
Sheba:  see  Saba 
Shechem,    ancient    city    of    Palestine: 

battle   of    (nth   century    B.    C),    1, 

380 
Sheehy,      Nicholas      (18th      century), 

Irish  priest:  trial  of,  12,  175 
Sheerness,  seaport  in  Kent,  England: 

captured    by  the   Dutch    (1667),   13, 

234 

Shehaddedin  Pasha  (15th  century), 
Turkish  general:  account  of,  14,  61 

Sheil,  Richard  Lalor  ( 1793-185 1), 
Irish  orator  and  patriot:  his  efforts 
for    Catholic    emancipation,    12,   220 

Shein,  Alexei  (17th  century),  Russian 
commander:  campaign  of,  15,  32 

Shelburne,  William  Petty,  Earl  of 
(1737-1805),  English  statesman: 
member  of  Rockingham's  ministry, 
11,  522;   made   Prime  Minister,  523 

Shelby,  Isaac  (1750-1826),  American 
officer:  at  battle  of  King's  Mountain, 
23,  279 

Shelley,  Percy  Bysshe  (1792-1822), 
English  poet:  sketch  of,  11,  577 

Shemarpa  (18th  century),  Chinese 
traitor:  invites  invasion  by  Gurkhas, 
6,  100 

"  Shenandoah,"  vessel  of  American 
Confederacy:  built  in  English  ship- 
yard, 24,  882 

Shenandoah  Valley,  valley  in  Virginia: 
settled  by  Scotch-Irish,  23,  67;  oc- 
cupied by  General  Patterson,  24, 
734;  campaign  in,  759;  Jackson's 
military  genius  in,  772;  Sheridan's 
campaign  in,  791;  political  effect  of 
devastations  in,  801 

Shenir,  Syria,  Asia  Minor:  battle  of 
(842  B.  C),  1,  81 

Shennung  (ca.  2000  B.  C.)»  Chinese 
leader:  reign  of,  6,  5 

Shepherd,  Oliver  L.  (ca.  1845),  Ameri- 
can officer:  in  the  Mexican  War,  22, 

349 
Shepherd,  The  Gentle:  see  Grenville, 
George  (1712-1770) 


638 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Shepherdstown,  West  Virginia:  Lee 
arrives   at,  24,  779 

Shepley,  George  Forster  (1819-1878), 
American  soldier  and  jurist:  mili- 
tary governor  of  Louisiana,  24,  833 

Shepses-ka-f  (Asykhis)  (3rd  century 
B.  C.)»  King  of  Egypt:  reign  of,  1, 
16 

Shepstone,  Sir  Theophilus  (1817- 
1893),  British  soldier  and  colonial 
officer:  his  mission  to  South  Africa, 
20,  229 

Sher  AH  (Shere  Ali)  (1825-1879) 
amir  of  Afghanistan,  1863-1878:  dis- 
puted accession  of,  5,  247;  intrigues 
with  Russia,  256 

Sher  Shah  (d.  1545),  governor  of  Ben- 
gal: defeats  Humayun  the  Mogul, 
5,  no 

Sheremetiev  (Sheremetrev,  Schere- 
metjev),  Count  Boris  Petrovitch 
(1652-1719),  Russian  soldier:  his 
campaign  against  Turkey,  15,  32; 
travels  of,  36;  his  campaigns  against 
Sweden,  39;  at  battle  of  the  Pruth, 
14,  279;  becomes  hostage  to  Tur- 
key, 282 

Sheremetiev,  Michael  (18th  century), 
Russian  commander:  at  the  battle 
of  Rapino,  15,  42 

Sheridan,  Philip  Henry,  an  American 
general:  born  at  Albany,  N.  Y., 
March  6,  1831;  graduated  at  West 
Point,  1853;  served  several  years  in 
Oregon;  promoted  captain  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  Civil  War,  1861;  ap- 
pointed quartermaster  of  the  army 
in  the  southwest,  December,  1861, 
and  was  quartermaster  under  Hal- 
leck  during  the  advance  on  Corinth, 
1862;  was  appointed  colonel  of  cav- 
alry, May  22,  1862,  and  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers,  July  1,  1862; 
was  division  commander  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Perryville,  October  8,  1862, 
and  at  Murfreesboro,  December  31, 
1862-January  2,  1863;  appointed 
major-general  of  volunteers,  Decem- 
ber 31,  1862;  served  at  Chickamauga 
and  at  Missionary  Ridge,  1863;  be- 
came commander  of  the  cavalry 
corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 


April,  1864;  was  in  the  battle  of  the 
Wilderness,  May  5-6,  1864;  was  as- 
signed to  the  command  of  the  Mid- 
dle Military  Division,  August  7, 
1864;  attacked  Early  on  the  19th 
near  Winchester,  defeated  him  and 
took  several  thousand  prisoners; 
was  also  victorious  at  Fisher's  Hill 
on  the  20th;  soon  after  this  battle 
was  appointed  a  brigadier-general  in 
the  regular  army;  after  being  suc- 
cessful at  Cedar  Creek  and  Stras- 
burg  on  October  19,  was  appointed  a 
major-general  of  the  regular  army, 
November,  1864;  on  February  27, 
1865,  starting  out  with  10,000  cav- 
alry, destroyed  the  Virginia  Central 
Railroad,  The  James  River  Canal 
and  was  successful  at  the  battle  of 
Waynesboro;  rejoined  Grant  before 
Petersburg,  March  27;  commanded 
at  the  battle  of  Five  Forks,  March 
31-April  1;  pursued  Lee's  army, 
which  was  retreating  from  Richmond 
and  Petersburg,  attacked  it  near 
Sailor's  Creek  on  April  6  and  took 
about  6000  prisoners;  in  1867  was 
appointed  commander  of  the  Fifth 
Military  District,  comprising  Louisi- 
ana and  Texas,  but  incurring  the 
displeasure  of  President  Johnson, 
was  removed  and  ordered  to  take 
command  of  the  Department  of  the 
Missouri;  during  the  Franco-Ger- 
man war  (1870-1871),  visited  Eu- 
rope and  was  entertained  with  dis- 
tinguished consideration  at  the  head- 
quarters of  the  German  army;  in 
March,  1869,  was  raised  to  the  rank 
of  lieutenant-general;  in  1883  suc- 
ceeded General  Sherman  as  com- 
mander-in-chief; received  the  rank 
of  general  from  Congress,  June  1, 
1888;  died  at  Nonquitt,  Mass.,  Au- 
gust 5,  1888 

Sent  to  attack  Lee's  flank,  24, 
788;  in  Shenandoah  Valley,  791;  de- 
feats Early  at  Opequan  Creek,  792; 
criticised  for  devastations,  793;  at 
Five  Forks,  810;  sent  to  Texas,  877 
Sheriff,  the  chief  civil  officer  charged 
with  administering  justice  within  a 


GENERAL    INDEX 


639 


county,  under  direction  of  the  courts 
or  of  the  crown  or  other  executive 
head  of  the  state:  origin  and  duties 
of,  II,  53 

Sheriffmuir,  plateau  in  Scotland:  bat- 
tle of  (1716),  11,  470,  12,  363 

Sheriffs,  The  Inquisition'  of  the,  an  in- 
quiry held  by  Henry  II  of  England 
into  the  conduct  of  the  sheriffs 
(1170),    11,    104 

Sherman,  John  (1823-1900),  an  Ameri- 
can statesman  and  financier:  in  con- 
test for  Speaker  of  the  House,  24, 
677;  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  916; 
prepares  for  resumption  of  specie- 
payments,  922;  Presidential  nominee, 
926;  nominated  by  Garfield,  928; 
loses  Presidential  nomination  to  Gar- 
field, 929;  candidate  for  Presidential 
nomination,  965;  prepares  Anti-trust 
Act,  971;  the  fur  seal  controversy, 
1020 

Sherman,  Roger  (1721-1793),  an 
American  patriot:  delegate  to  first 
Continental  Congress,  23,  223;  mem- 
ber of  committee  to  draft  a  declara- 
tion of  independence,  240;  in  Con- 
stitutional Convention,  324;  in  first 
Congress,  342 

Sherman,  William  Tecumseh,  an 
American  general:  born  at  Lancas- 
ter, Ohio,  February  8,  1820;  after  the 
death  of  his  father,  which  occurred 
in  1829,  was  adopted  as  a  son  by 
Thomas  Ewing,  through  whose  in- 
fluence he  was  admitted  into  the 
military  academy  of  West  Point  in 
1836;  graduated  from  there,  June, 
1840,  standing  sixth  in  the  order  of 
general  merit  among  a  class  of  for- 
ty; immediately  after  his  graduation 
was  appointed  second  lieutenant  in 
the  artillery  and  ordered  to  Florida; 
became  first  lieutenant,  January, 
1842,  a  few  months  after  which  his 
company  was  stationed  at  Fort 
Moultrie  near  Charleston;  went  with 
his  company  to  California  by  sea 
in  1846,  returned  to  the  Atlantic 
States  in  1850,  and  in  May,  1850, 
married  Ellen  Ewing,  a  daughter  of 
Thomas  Ewing;  in  1851  obtained  the 


rank  of  captain  and  in  1853  resigned 
his  commission  in  the  army  and  en- 
gaged in  the  business  of  banker  at 
San  Francisco,  in  the  early  part  of 
i860  he  accepted  position  of  superin- 
tendent of  a  new  military  academy 
founded  by  the  State  of  Louisiana; 
resigned  his  office  in  January,  1861; 
in  March  he  went  to  Washington 
and  endeavored  in  vain  to  convince 
the  authorities,  who  were  then  un- 
able to  realize  the  greatness  of  the 
crisis,  of  the  necessity  of  preparing 
for  war  on  a  large  scale;  received  a 
commission  as  colonel  of  the 
thirteenth  regiment  of  infantry  in 
June,  1861,  and  commanded  a  bri- 
gade at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  July 
21;  on  August  3,  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers;  in  March,  1862,  obtained 
command  of  the  fifth  division  of 
Grant's  army  of  the  Tennessee;  he 
displayed  great  coolness,  energy, 
and  skill  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh  on 
April  6-7,  1862;  he  received  a  com- 
mission as  major-general  and  his  di- 
vision took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
siege  of  Corinth,  which  the  enemy 
evacuated  on  May  29;  appointed 
commander  of  the  military  post  of 
Memphis,  July,  1862;  was  in  the 
campaign  against  Vicksburg;  was 
appointed  commander  of  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tennessee,  October, 
1863,  and  moving  his  army  by  rapid 
marches,  joined  the  army  of  Grant 
at  Chattanooga,  about  November 
15;  occupied  Missionary  Ridge  on 
the  24th;  rendered  important  serv- 
ices at  the  battle  of  Chattanooga; 
moved  his  army  to  the  relief  of 
Burnside  at  Knoxville;  returned  to 
Chattanooga  and  thence  to  Mem- 
phis, arriving  January,  1864;  marched 
from  Vicksburg,  destroying  rail- 
roads and  entered  Meridian  about 
February  14;  after  destroying  depots 
and  arsenals  at  Meridian,  returned 
to  Vicksburg;  in  1864  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  the  Military  Di- 
vision of  the  Mississippi;  on  May  6 


640 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


moved  from  Chattanooga  against 
General  Joseph  E.  Johnston  in  Dal- 
ton,  Georgia;  after  several  battles  in 
which  Sherman  was  successful,  Gen- 
eral Hood,  who  had  succeeded  John- 
ston, attacked  Sherman  near  Atlan- 
ta and  was  repulsed  with  great 
loss;  in  August,  1864,  Sherman  was 
appointed  a  major-general  in  the 
regular  army;  leaving  Atlanta  in 
ruins,  Sherman  began  his  famous 
march  to  the  sea,  November  14, 
with  about  65,000  men,  and  arrived 
safe,  December  10;  he  left  Savannah 
on  January  15,  1865,  marched  north- 
ward, and  took  Columbia  on  Febru- 
ary 17.  After  being  successful  in 
several  smaller  battles  he  entered 
Raleigh  on  the  13th,  had  an  inter- 
view with  Johnston  on  the  17th  and 
agreed  with  him  on  a  basis  of  peace, 
which  was  disapproved  by  the 
President  and  cabinet;  on  April  26, 
Johnston  surrendered  his  army  and 
the  war  ended.  Sherman  was  ap- 
pointed lieutenant-general  in  place 
of  Grant,  promoted,  1866;  he  was 
nominated  general  by  brevet  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1868,  by  President  Johnson, 
but  declined;  succeeded  Grant 
(when  Grant  became  President)  in 
March,  1869,  as  general  and  com- 
mander-in-chief of  the  army,  but  re- 
tired from  the  command  in  the  fall 
of  1883;  went  to  St.  Louis,  but  later 
removed  to  New  York,  where  he 
died  February  14,  1891 

At  battle  of  Pittsburg  Landing, 
24,  747;  in  siege  of  Vicksburg,  775; 
at  Vicksburg,  777;  his  Georgia  cam- 
paign, 786;  expels  inhabitants  of  At- 
lanta, 797;  political  effect  of  his  vic- 
tories, 801;  official  report  of  his 
march  through  Georgia,  806;  ap- 
proves Lincoln's  reconstruction 
plans,  836 
Sherman  Silver  Law,  an  act  of  Con- 
gress (1890):  account  of,  24,  974; 
causes  panic  of  1893,  994 
Sherwood  (early  19th  century),  an 
Englishman  in  Russia:  sketch  of,  15, 
267 


Sheshank  I  (10th  century  B.  C),  King 
of  Egypt:  reign  of,   1,  29 

Sheshbazzar  (6th  century  B.  C),  a 
governor  of  Jerusalem:  appoint- 
ment of,  1,  401 

Sheshkovski  (18th  century),  a  Russian 
official:   head   of   the    secret   police, 

15,  153 

Shiahs  (Shiites),  a  division  of  the  Mo- 
hammedans: rise  of,  I,  243;  aid 
Korkud  and  Ahmed,  14,  115;  their 
schism  with  the  Sunnites,  122 

Shield1  of  Rome,  The:  see  Fabius 
Maximus,  Quintus 

Shigemori,  Taira-no-:  see  Taira-no- 
Shigemori 

Shih  Hwangti  (3rd  century  B.  C),  a 
Chinese  ruler:  establishes  Chinese 
Empire,  6,  11 

Shih  K'ofa  (17th  century),  a  Chinese 
scholar:  champions  the  Ming  cause, 

6,  55 

Shiites:  see  Shiahs 

Shijonawate,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  90 

Shiloh,  an  ancient  town  in  Palestine: 
the  Ark  placed  in,  1,  377 

Shiloh,  Battle  of:  see  Pittsburg  Land- 
ing 

Shimabara,  Japan:  rebellion  of,  7,  137 

Shimazu  Hisamitsu  (19th  century),  a 
Japanese  Samurai  chief:  attempts  to 
restore  tranquillity  to  Japan,  7,  161; 
causes  a  breach  between  Japan  and 
England,   162 

Shimazu  Narishige  (19th  century),  a 
Japanese  baron:  attempts  to  restore 
tranquillity  to  Japan,  7,  161 

Shimonoseki,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty 
which  settled  the  hostilities  between 
Japan  and  the  other  countries  whose 
ships  had  been  fired  on  in  the 
Strait  of  Shimonoseki  (1895),  7,  165, 
15,  350 

Shimonoseki  Affair,  The,  the  trouble 
caused  by  Japan's  firing  on  foreign 
vessels  in  the  Strait  of  Shimonoseki, 

7,  163,  165 

Shingon  Sect,  a  Buddhist  sect  in  Ja- 
pan: founded,  7,  41 
Shinsai,  Korea:  battle  of,  7,  121 
Shipka  Pass,   a   pass   in  the   Balkans: 
battle  of  (1877),  14,  481,  15,  334 


GENERAL    INDEX 


641 


Shippen,  Margaret  (late  18th  century), 
a  Philadelphia  woman  of  Tory  fam- 
ily: engaged  to  Benedict  Arnold,  23, 

275 
Shiragi,  Korea:  revolt  of,  7,  25 
Shirakawa,   Emperor  of  Japan,   1073- 

1087:    gives    influence    to    Buddhist 

priests,  7,  54 
Shiraz,  Persia:  siege  of  (1790),  5,  356 
Shires,  the  name  given  to  counties  in 

England:  origin  and  growth  of,  II, 

S3 

Shirley,  English  minister  to  Russia, 
1762:  at  the  Russian  court,  15,  155 

Shirley,  Sir  Anthony  (1 565-1 630),  an 
English  traveler  and  navigator:  re- 
organizes Persian  army,  5,  343 

Shirley,  Robert  (ca.  1570-1628),  an 
English  traveler,  brother  of  Sir  An- 
thony: reorganizes  Persian  army,  5, 
343 

Shirley,  William  (ca.  1705-1771),  an 
Anglo-American  governor:  plans 
capture  of  Louisburg,  23,  164;  son 
killed  at  Fort  Duquesne,  179;  plans 
attach  on  Fort  Niagara,  182 

Shiroyama,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  182 

Shisen,  Korea:  battle  of,  7,  121 

Shishkin,  a  contemporary  Russian 
statesman:  appointed  minister  of 
foreign  affairs,   15,  348 

Shishkov  (Schischkow),  Alexander 
Semenovitch  (1754-1841),  a  Russian 
writer  and  minister  of  state:  made 
minister  of  public  instruction,  15, 
265;  memoirs  of,  201,  204 

Shiva- worship :  see  Siva-worship 

Sho  Tai  (19th  century),  King  of  Loo- 
choo:  his  relations  with  Japanese 
government,  7,  193 

Shohei-ko,  a  school  in  Japan:  growth 
of,  7,  141 

Shokei  (Keishoki)  (15th  century),  a 
Japanese  artist:  sketch  of,  7,  106 

Shoko,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1413-1429: 
accession  of,  7,  93 

Shokoku-ji,  a  temple  in  Kyoto,  Ja- 
pan: built,  7,  93 

Shomei,  Emperor  of  Japan,  629-642: 
accession  of,  7,  20 

Shdmu,    Emperor   of   Japan,    131-192: 


reign  of,  7,  10;  aids  the  spread  of 
Buddhism,  32;  marriage  of,  45 

Shoni  Kagesuke  (late  13th  century),  a 
Japanese  soldier:  his  campaign 
against  the   Chinese,  7,  76 

Shoovalof:  see  Shuvalov 

Shore,  John,  Lord  Tiegnmouth 
(1751-1834),  an  English  statesman 
and  writer:  financial  reforms  of,  5, 
196;  made  governor-general  of  In- 
dia, 196 

Short  Parliament,  The,  in  English  his- 
tory, the  Parliament  which  sat  from 
April  13  to  May  5,  1640:  account  of, 

II,  337 

Shotoku  (5th  century),  a  Japanese 
prince:  distinguishes'  himself  as  a 
scholar,  7,  14 

Shovel,  Sir  Cloudesley  (ca.  1650-1707), 
an  English  admiral:  his  services  for 
the  Dutch,  13,  250 

Shozui  (16th  century),  a  Japanese  pot- 
ter: aids  the  development  of  ceram- 
ics, 7,   107 

Shrewsbury,  England:  battle  of  (1403), 
«,  193 

Shrewsbury,  Parliament  of,  a  Parlia- 
ment called  by  Richard  II  (1398): 
account  of,  11,  184 

Shu  Shun  (d.  1861),  a  Chinese  con- 
spirator: account  of,  6,  188,  189 

Shuban  (early  15th  century),  a  Japa- 
nese painter:  sketch  of,  7,  106 

Shuiski,  Vassili  Ivanovitch:  see  Vas- 
sili  (IV  or  V)  Shuiski 

Shuja  (early  19th  century),  an  Afghan 
ruler:  exiled,  5,  216;  attempts  to  re- 
gain his  throne,  217 

Shuja-ud-daula,  governor  of  Oudh, 
1753-1775:  reign  of,  5,  126;  at  war 
with  the  English,  187 

Shumla  (Shumna),  Bulgaria:  surren- 
ders to  the  Turks  (1389),  14,  34; 
Russians  repulsed  at,  427;  surren- 
ders to  the  Russians  (1829),  430 

Shun  (ca.  2000  B.  C),  a  Chinese  em- 
peror: reign  of,  6,  6 

Shunchih  (17th  century),  a  Chinese 
emperor:  reign  of,  6,  57 

Shushan:  see  Susa 

Shuvalov    (Shoovalof),    Count    Ivan 


642 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Ivanovitch  (1727-1798),  a  Russian 
statesman:  favorite  of  Elizabeth,  15, 
145;  educational  work  of,  149;  com- 
missioned by  Catherine,  197 

Shuvalov     (Shoovalof),    Count    Paul 

(1830 ),  a   Russian   general  and 

diplomat:  appointed  governor  of 
Poland,  15,  345 

Shuvalov  (Shoovalof),  Count  Peter 
(1827-1889),  a  Russian  diplomat:  at 
Berlin  Congress,  14,  487 

Siam,  kingdom  of  southeastern  Asia: 
concludes    treaty    with    France,    20, 

273 

Siamese  Tribute,  a  tribute  paid  by 
Siam  to  China,  6,  118 

Sian  Fu:  see  Hsian  Fu 

Siberia,  Russian  possession  in  Asia: 
sketch  of,  16,  317;  conquest  of,  15, 
18 

Sibilla  (14th  century),  queen  of  Pedro 
IV  of  Aragon:  treatment  of,  by  Juan 
I  of  Aragon,  8,  257 

Siboney  (Las  Guasimas),  Cuba:  bat- 
tle of  (1898),  22,  459 

Sibylla  (16th  century),  wife  of  John 
Frederick:  defends  Wittenberg,  18, 
256 

Sicambrians,  a  German  tribe:  location 
of,  18,  6;  relation  of,  to  Franks, 
28 

Sicarius  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Frankish 
envoy:  his  mission  to  Samo  the 
Merchant,  17,  20 

Siccius  Dentatus,  Lucius  (5th  century 
B.  C),  Roman  soldier:  murder  of, 
3,  45 

Sicels  (Siceleotes  or  Siculi),  native 
Sicilian  people:  aid  the  Athenians, 
2,  337 

Sicilian  Vespers,  name  applied  to  the 
massacre  of  the  French  in  Sicily  by 
the  Sicilians  (1282),  4,  257,  9,  85,  18, 
170 

Sicily,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean, 
called  the  Jewel  of  Europe:  Phoeni- 
cian colonization  in,  1,  121;  Greek 
colonization  in,  2,  83,  84;  early  his- 
tory of,  214;  Athenians  send  rein- 
forcements to,  301;  invaded  by  the 
Athenians,  328;  ravaging  in,  408;  in- 
vaded by  Carthaginians,  409;  in  the 


power  of  Dionysius  I,  413;  freed  by 
Timoleon,  417;  after  death  of  Timo- 
leon,  515;  succumbs  to  Rome,  2, 
516,  3,  100;  Hasdrubal  invades,  3, 
102;  surrenders  to  Pompeius,  228; 
conquered  for  Caesar,  342;  recovered 
by  Belisarius,  2,  532;  conquered  by 
the  Saracens,  1,  353;  united  with 
Aragon,  4,  263;  condition  under 
Spanish  rule,  323;  revolts  against 
the  King  of  Naples,  353;  insurrec- 
tion in  (i860),  377;  condition  under 
the  kingdom  of  Italy,  400 

Sickingen,  Franz  von  (1481-1523), 
German  soldier:  power  of,  18,  228: 
befriends  Luther,  239 

Sickles,     Daniel     Edgar     (1822 ), 

American  general:  at  Gettysburg, 
24,  780 

Sicyon,  city  of  Peloponnesus,  Greece: 
revolt  from  oligarchy  in,  2,  76;  joins 
Laconian  League,  77;  tryanny  in, 
94;  sends  ships  to  Salamis,  199;  at- 
tacked by  Athenians,  246;  taken  by 
Epaminondas,  443;  joins  Achaean 
League,  516 

Siddhartha:  see  Buddha 

Sidi  Ali  (16th  century),  Turkish  ad- 
miral: eminence  of,  14,  164 

Sidi  Okba:  see  Okbah 

Sidler,  Landammann  (19th  century), 
Swiss  statesman:  joins  movement 
for  revision  of  the  Confederation, 
13,  539 

Sidmouth,  Henry  Addington,  Vis- 
count: see  Addington,  Henry,  Vis- 
count Sidmouth 

Sidney,  Algernon  (ca.  1622-1683),  Eng- 
lish politician:  trial  of,  11,  415 

Sidney,  Sir  Philip  (1554-1586),  English 
general  and  author:  aids  the  Dutch 
Republic,  11,  293;  sketch  of,  13,  157 

Sidon,  Phoenicia,  called  The  Fishing 
City:  location  of,  1,  119;  supremacy 
of,  in  Phoenicia,  124;  destroyed  (680 
B.  C),  I,  89,  2,  78;  (351  B.  C),  x, 
168;  return  to  commercial  power,  I, 
126;  Sigurd  Jorsalafari  at  the  cap- 
ture of,  16,  97 

Sidonia,  Spain:  battle  of,  8,  102 

Siebnerkonkordat,  an  alliance  formed 
between  seven  of  the  Swiss  cantons 


GENERAL    INDEX 


643 


for  the  mutual  security  of  their 
new  constitutions,  and  for  the  car- 
rying out  of  Federal  reform  (1832), 

13,  540 
Siedlice,  Russian  Poland:  massacre  of 

(1906),  15,  368 
Siegfried   (9th   century),   Norse  king: 

at  the  siege  of  Paris,  16,  23 
Siegric,    King    of   Leire,    ca.   9th    cen- 
tury A.  D.:  driven  from  his  throne, 

16,  21 
Siegwart-Miiller,      Konstantin      (19th 

century),  Swiss  chancellor:  leads  the 

Ultramontanists,  13,  547 
Siemashko,     Joseph     (19th     century), 

leader  of  the  Russian  Greco-Uniate 

bishops:    his    petition    to    the    tsar, 

15,  297 
Siena,  Italy:  siege  and  fall  of  (1554- 

1555),  4,  307,  9,  147 

Sierakowski  (19th  century),  Russian 
insurgent:  in  the  Polish  insurrec- 
tion, 15,  328 

Sierra  Leone,  Africa:  English  attempt 
to  colonize,  19,  37,  20,  130;  sketch 
of,  20,  257 

Sieyes,  Count  Emmanuel  Joseph 
(1748-1836),  French  publicist  and 
statesman:  his  pamphlet  on  the 
third  estate,  10,  38;  elected  member 
of  the  States-General,  39;  instigates 
the  formation  of  a  national  assem- 
bly, 9,  262;  at  the  meeting  of  the 
assembly  (1789),  10,  52;  directs  the 
Feuillant  Club,  128;  demands  the  re- 
call of  the  proscribed  conventional- 
ists, 331;  elected  a  member  of  the 
directory,  361;  replaced  by  Carnot, 
361;  made  member  of  the  directory, 

9,  309;  forms  alliance  with  Napo- 
leon, 310;  appointed  consul,  9,  315, 

10,  432;  labors  to  establish  legal 
reform,  9,  405;  attacks  the  Jacobins, 
408;  sketch  of,  10,  83 

Siffin:  battles   of   (ca.  657  A.   D.),    I, 

246 
Sigbrit  (16th  century),  mother  of  Dy- 

veke:   influence  of,   16,    191 
Sigebut   (8th  century  A.  D.),  King  of 

the  Goths:  restored  to  his  throne,  1, 

319 


Sigeric,  King  of  the  Goths,  ca.  415  A. 

D.:  reign  of,  8,  36 
Sighelmus    of    Sherborne    (ca.    883), 

English  envoy:  said  to  have  visited 

India,  5,  156 
Sigibert    (Sigbert)    I    (d.   575   A.   D.), 

King  of  Austrasia:  reign  of,  9,  26, 

18,  61 
Sigibert    II    (ca.    601-613),    King    of 

Austrasia:  reign  of,  9,  31 
Sigibert  III   (d.  654  A.  D.),  King  of 

Austrasia:  reign  of,  9,  33 
Sigibert  (d.  509  A.  D.),  King  of  the 

Ripuarian  Franks:  assassination  of, 

9,   21 

Sigismund  (1361-1437),  Holy  Roman 
Emperor,  1410-1437,  called  The 
Light  of  the  World:  receives  Bran- 
denburg, 18,  194;  marries  Mary  of 
Hungary,  17,  153;  his  accession  to 
the  throne  of  Hungary,  117;  makes 
war  on  the  Turks,  14,  37,  38;  ap- 
pointed vicar  of  the  empire,  18, 
198;  imprisons  Wenzef,  199;  elected 
emperor,  17,  122;  reign  of,  18,  201; 
sanctions  the  Council  of  Constance, 
I3,  396;  invades  Bohemia,  17,  129; 
Erik  appeals  to,  16,  126;  his  reign 
as  king  of  Hungary,  17,  141,  155 

Sigismund,  Burgundian  King,  516-524 
A.  D.:  conversion  of,  13,  337;  aids 
spread  of  Christianity,  338;  death 
of,  9,  24 

Sigismund  I  (1467-1548),  King  of  Po- 
land, 1507-1548:  reign  of,  15,  379 

Sigismund  (II)  Augustus  (1520-1572), 
King  of  Poland,  1548-1572:  his  rela- 
tions with  the  Russians,  15,  17; 
reign  of,  379 

Sigismund  (III)  Vasa  (1556-1632), 
King  of  Poland,  1587-1632,  and 
Sweden,  1592-1604:  elected  to  the 
throne  of  Poland,  16,  166;  reign  of, 
15,  380;  oppresses  the  Cossacks,  25; 
his  reign  in  Sweden,  16,  168;  de- 
posed from  the  throne  of  Sweden, 
171;  supports  pretenders  to  the  Rus- 
sian throne,  15,  19,  20;  aids  Ferdi- 
nand II  of  Germany,  18,  270;  at 
war  with  Gustavus  Adolphus,  16, 
179 


644 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Sigismund,  Duke  of  Austria,  1439- 
1496:  accession  of,  17,  107;  opposes 
Swiss  leagues,  13,  403;  his  relations 
with  Charles  the  Bold  of  Burgundy, 
18,  216;  acquires  part  of  the  Ten 
Jurisdictions,  13,  394;  death  of,  18, 
227 

Sigismund  Korybutovicz  (15th  cen- 
tury), Polish  prince:  invades  Bohe- 
mia, 17,  132;  accepts  regency  of  Bo- 
hemia, 133;  leads  Bohemian  army, 
134;  driven  out  of  Bohemia,  134 

Sigovesius  (4th  century  B.  C),  a  Cel- 
tic chief:  tradition  of,  17,  10 

Sigrid  (16th  century),  a  Scandinavian 
princess,  daughter  of  Erik  XIV: 
sketch  of,  16,  164 

Sigsbee,   Charles   Dwight   (1845 ), 

an  American  naval  officer:  advises 
against  haste  in  the  Maine  Affair, 
24,  1024 

Sigtrygg  (9th  century),  a  Viking  chief 
in  Ireland:  establishes  his  kingdom, 
16,  43 

Sigurd  (late  8th  century),  King  of 
Skaania  and  the  Danish  Islands: 
the  legend  of,  16,  20 

Sigurd  (early  10th  century),  Prince  of 
Norway,  son  of  Harald  Haarfager: 
defeated  by  Erik  Blodoxe,  16,  52 

Sigurd  (late  9th  century),  a  Scandi- 
navian chief  in  the  Orkneys:  made 
earl,  12,  255 

Sigurd  (late  nth  century),  pretended 
son  of  Magnus  Barfod:  career  of, 
16,  98 

Sigurd  Jarl  (10th  century),  a  Scandi- 
navian courtier:  at  the  Drontheim 
Thing,  16,  53 

Sigurd  Jorsalafari  (Sigurd  I)  King  of 
Denmark,  1103-1130:  career  of,  16, 
97 

Sigurd  Ring,  King  of  Denmark,  736- 
750:  at  the  battle  of  Bravalla,  16, 
19 

Sihon  (15th  century  B.  C),  King  of 
the  Amorites:  defeated  by  the  He- 
brews,  1,  2,76 

Sikandar  (Sekunder)  (16th  century), 
an  Afghan  military  leader:  at  bat- 
tle of  Sirhind,  5,  no 

Sikh  War,  a  war  between  the  British 


and  the  Sikhs  in  India  (1848— i? 
assassination    of    British    officers   at 
Multan,    5,    225;    general    rising    in 
the  Punjab,  226;  battle  of  Chilian- 
wala,  226;  British  victory  at  Gujrat, 
226;  the  Punjab  becomes  a  British 
province,  226 
Sikhs,  the   members   of  a  politico-re- 
ligious community  in  India:  sketch 
of,  5,  220 
Siladitya  (7th  century  A.  D.),  an  In- 
dian king:  reign  of,  5,  6s 
Silanus,  Marcus  Junius,  Roman  consul, 
109   B.    C:    defeated   by   Cimbri,   3, 
193 
Silanus,  Marcus  Junius  (d.  196  B.  C), 
Roman  soldier:  accompanies  Scipio 
to  Spain,  3,  126 
Silanus,  Marcus  Junius,   Roman  con- 
sul, 19  A.  D.:  death  of,  4,  56 
Silchester,     England:      ruins     of     old 

church  found  at,  11,  14 
Silence,   The   Man   of:   see   Napoleon 

III,  Emperor  of  the  French 
Silesia,  a  region  of  central  Europe: 
conquered  by  Bohemia,  17,  64;  Ger- 
man influence  in,  15,  2731  invaded 
by  the  king  of  Poland,  17,  142;  part 
of,  given  to  Hungary  (1475),  163; 
ceded  to  Frederick  II  of  Prussia,  17, 
241,  18,  330;  in  the  struggle  against 
the  French  Revolution,  17,  286 
Silesian  Wars,  The,  wars  waged  by 
Frederick  the  Great  of  Prussia 
against  Austria  for  the  possession 
of  Silesia: 

(1),  a  war  in  which  Prussia  was 
allied  with  Saxony,  Bavaria,  and 
France,  and  Austria  with  Great 
Britain  (1740-1742):  Breslau  sur- 
renders to  Frederick,  18,  329; 
Prussian  victory  at  Mollwitz,  329; 
Maria  Theresa  yields  Silesia  to 
Prussia,  17,  241,  18,  330 
(2),  a  war  in  which  Austria  was 
aided  by  Saxony  (1744-1745): 
Frederick  invades  Bohemia,  18, 
330;  retreats,  330;  Prussian  vic- 
tories at  Hohenfriedberg,  Svor, 
and  Kesselsdorf,  331;  peace  con- 
cluded at  Dresden,  331 
Silistria,    Bulgaria:    Russian   defeat  at 


GENERAL    INDEX 


645 


(1773),   M>  334;  taken  by   Russians 
(1810),  406;  siege  of  (1854),  "»  615, 

14,  453 

Silk:  production  and  manufacture  of, 
introduced  into  Japan,   7,    18 

Silken  Lord,  The:  see  Kildare,  Thomas 
Fitzgerald,  Earl  of 

Sillery,  Charles  Alexis  Brulart,  Mar- 
quis de,  Count  de  Genlis  (1737- 
I793)>  a  French  officer:  aids  Dutch 
Protestants,   13,   113;   death  of,   10, 

279 

Silliman,  Benjamin  (1779-1864),  an 
American  scientist:  his  work,  23, 
481 

Silly:  see  Marlborough,  John  Church- 
hill,  Duke  of 

Silly  Billy:  see  William  IV,  King  of 
England 

Silo,  King  of  Asturias  and  Leon,  774- 
783:  reign  of,  8,  131 

Silva,  Lucius  Flavius  (1st  century  A. 
D.),  a  Roman  military  leader:  cap- 
tures Masada,  1,  412 

Silveira,  Gonsalvo  da  (d.  1561),  a 
Portuguese  missionary  in  Africa: 
explorations  of,  19,  23 

Silvela,  Premier  of  Spain,  1899-1900 
and  1902-1903:  first  ministry  of,  8, 
520;  second  ministry  of,  521 

Simancas,  Spain:  battle  of  (939  A.  D.), 
8,  136 

Simba  (19th  century),  a  sultan  of 
Witu,  Africa:  his  relations  with  Eu- 
ropeans, 19,  133 

Simeon,  Joseph  Jerome  (1749-1842),  a 
French  minister  of  state:  made  min- 
ister of  the  interior,  9,  2>73 

Simeon,  Tribe  of,  one  of  the  tribes  of 
the  Israelites:  attempts  to  win  Ca- 
naan, 1,  277 

Simla,  a  district  in  the  northern  part 
of  British  India:  sketch  of,  5,  207 

Simmler,  Josias  (16th  century),  a 
Swiss  historian:  sketch  of,  13,  454 

Simms,  William  Gilmore  (1806- 1870), 
an  American  novelist,  historian,  and 
poet:  his  work,  23,  76 

Simnel,  Lambert  (ca.  1487-1525),  a 
pretender  to  the  throne  of  England: 
insurrection  of,  11,  224,  12,  72 


Simon  I  (3rd  century  B.  C),  high 
priest  of  Jerusalem:  reign  of,  1, 
404 

Simon  III  (2nd  century  B.  C.)»  high 
priest  of  Jerusalem:  becomes  high 
priest,  1,  407 

Simon,  Jules  (Jules  Francois  Simon- 
Suisse)  (19th  century),  a  French 
statesman  and  philosopher:  in  the 
elections  of  1869,  9,  458 

Simon  ben  Giora  (1st  century  A.  D.), 
one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Zealot 
party  during  the  Judeo-Roman  war: 
leader  of  Jewish  revolt  (67  A.  D.), 
1,  411 

Simon  ben  Kochba  (2nd  century  A. 
D.),  a  Jewish  leader:  leads  Jewish 
revolt  (132  A.  D.),  1,  413 

Simon  de  Montfort:  see  Montfort, 
Simon  de 

Simon-Suisse,  Jules  Frangois:  see  Si- 
mon, Jules 

Simovich,  Count  (early  19th  century), 
a  Russian  envoy  to  Persia:  his  influ- 
ence in  Persia,  5,  360 

Simplon  Tunnel,  a  tunnel  through  the 
Simplon  Mountain,  Switzerland: 
built,  13,  578 

Simpson,  Sir  James  (1 792-1868),  a 
British  general:  in  the  Crimean 
War,  9,  447 

Simpson,  Thomas  (1808-1840),  a  Brit- 
ish explorer:  explorations  of,  16, 
309 

Sims,  a  Georgia  negro,  arrested  in 
Boston  (1851):  case  of,  24,  616 

Sinclair,  Malcolm  (18th  century),  an 
English  officer  in  the  Swedish  serv- 
ice: account  of,  15,  in;  murder  of, 
16,  227 

Sind  (Sinde,  Scinde,  or  Sindh),  a  prov- 
ince of  British  India:  conquered  by 
the  Moguls  (1592),  5,  113 

Sineus  (9th  century),  a  Scandinavian 
leader:  settles  in  Russia,  16,  40 

Singapore,  an  island  south  of  the  Ma- 
lay Peninsula:  growth  of,  20,  251 

Siniavin  (early  19th  century),  a  Rus- 
sian admiral:  gains  victory  over 
Turkish  fleet,  14,  398;  surrender  of, 
15,  218 


646 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Sinnott,  David  (17th  century),  an 
Irish  military  leader:  defends  Wex- 
ford, 12,   124 

Sinope  (Sinub),  Asia  Minor:  rise 
of,  2,  81;  destroyed  by  Simmerians, 
I,  144,  2,  116;  taken  by  Cossacks,  14, 
211;  battle  of  (1853),  11,  615,  14, 
45i,  15,  307 

Sin-shar-ishkun  (7th  century  B.  C.)» 
King  of  Assyria:  reign  of,  1,  91 

Sinub:  see  Sinope 

Sinuessa,  in  Italy:  established,  3,  73 

Sion,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1475),  13, 
407 

Siouan  Indians,  a  stock  of  North 
American  Indians:  independent  of 
other  families,  23,  7;  early  migra- 
tions, 8 

Sioux  Indians,  a  tribe  of  North  Amer- 
ican Indians:  war  with  the  United 
States,  24,  905 

Sippara  (Sippar  or  Sepharoaim),  Mes- 
opotamia: battle  of  (539),  1,  401 

Siqueira,  Diogo  Lopes  de,  Portuguese 
governor  in  India,  1518:  administra- 
tion of,  8,  331 

Siraj-ud-daula  (Surajah  Dowlah)  (d. 
1757).  nawab  of  Bengal:  at  war  with 
English,  5,  182 

Sirensk,  Russia:  taken  by  Shereme- 
tiev,  15,  42 

Sirhind,  India:  battle  of  (1556),  5, 
no 

Siris,  in  ancient  geography,  a  small 
river  in  southern  Italy:  battle  of,  3, 
77 \ 

Sirmium  (Sirmia),  an  ancient  city  of 
Slavonia:  abandoned  to  Attila,  17, 
16;  conquered  by  Bajan  (584  A.  D.), 

.IQ. 
Sirmium,  Council  of,  a  council  held  at 

Sirmium  in  which  the  doctrines  of 

Arius  were  condemned  (380  A.  D.), 

17,  IS 

Sirovotskov  (early  19th  century),  a 
Russian  Arctic  explorer:  explora- 
tions of,  16,  306 

Siscia  (Sisca  or  Segesta),  an  ancient 
town  in  Austria-Hungary,  the  mod- 
ern Sisek:  becomes  a  Roman  mili- 
tary post,  17,  12;  battle  of  (389  A. 
D.)»  4,  135;  see  also  Sisek 


Sisebert  (d.  621),  King  of  the  Goths: 
reign  of,  8,  44 

Sisek,  a  town  in  Bosnia,  Austria-Hun- 
gary, the  ancient  Siscia:  battle  of 
(1592),  17,  223;  see  also  Siscia 

Sistova,  a  town  in  Bulgaria:  occupied 
by  the  Russians  (1877),  15,  333 

Sistova,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
Turkey  and  Austria  (1791),  account 
of,  14,  357,  386,  17,  '276 

Sisvan  (14th  century),  King  of  Bul- 
garia: account  of,  14,  30,  34 

Sisygambis  (4th  century  B.  C), 
mother  of  Darius  III:  captured  by 
Alexander,   2,  493,   499 

Sitabaldi,  India:  battle  of  (1817),  5, 
209 

Shakes  (d.  424  B.  C),  King  of 
Thrace:  reign  of,  2,  284 

Sitklan  Island,  a  small  island  on  the 
coast  of  Alaska:  awarded  to  United 
States,  24,   1055 

Sitric  of  the  Silken  Beard  (nth  cen- 
tury), King  of  Dublin:  at  war  with 
Brian  Boru,  12,  42 

Sitting  Bull  (ca.  1837-1890),  an  Amer- 
ican Indian  chief:  leader  of  Indian 
war,  24,  905 

Sittius,  Publius  (1st  century  B.  C),  a 
Roman  military  officer:  aids  Cae- 
sar, 3,  358 

Sitvatorok,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  be- 
tween Austria  and  Turkey  (1606): 
account  of,  14,  208,  210,  374 

Siu-yen,  Manchuria:  battle  of  (1894), 
7,  208;  captured  by  Japanese  (1904), 
310 

Sivaji  (Sivajee),  a  Maratha  leader:  at 
war  with  Aurangzel,  5,  122;  career 
of,  130;  pillages  Surat,  165 

Sivas,  a  city  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  the  an- 
cient Sebasteia:  annexed  by  Baye- 
zid,  14,  38;  assailed  by  Timur,  47 

Siva-worship,  the  worship  of  Siva  or 
Shiva,  a  Hindu  god:  description  of, 
5,  81 

Siward  (d.  1055),  Earl  of  Northumber- 
land: at  war  with  Macbeth  of  Scot- 
land, 12,  257 

Six  Acts,  The,  measures  passed  by 
the  English  Parliament  (1819),  II, 
572 


GENERAL    INDEX 


647 


Six  Articles,  Statute  of,  in  English  his- 
tory, an  act  passed  1539,  II,  259 

Six  Nations:  see  Iroquois  Indians 

Six  Weeks'  War,  a  war  between  Prus- 
sia and  Austria  (1866):  Austrian  de- 
feat at  Sadowa,  16,  275;  Prussia 
becomes  supreme  in  Germany  by 
Treaty  of  Prague,  276 

1660,  Act  of:  see  Act  of  1660 

Sixth  of  George  I,  The,  an  act  of  the 
English   Parliament   (1719),   12,   171 

Sixtus  IV  (Francesco  della  Rovere), 
(1414-1484),  Pope,  1471-1484:  inter- 
venes between  Bohemia  and  Hun- 
gary, 17,  147;  contention  with  Lo- 
renzo de'  Medici,  4,  269;  disapproves 
the  Spanish  Inquisition,  13,  83  note 

Sixtus  V  (Felice  Peretti)  (1521-1590), 
Pope,  1585-1590:  pontificate  of,  4, 
313;  excommunicates  Henry  of  Na- 
varre, 9,  161;  concludes  an  alliance 
with  the  Swiss  Catholics,  13,  458; 
excommunicates  Henry  III  of 
France,  9,  165 

Skalitz,  Bohemia:  battle  of  (1866),  18, 
411 

Skanderbeg:  see  Scanderbeg 

Skandersborg,  Denmark:  battle  of 
(1841),  16,  114 

Skariatin  (d.  1849),  a  Russian  general: 
death  of,  15,  301 

Skavronskaya,  Martha:  see  Catherine 
I,  Empress  of  Russia 

Skeffington,  Sir  William  (d.  1535),  a 
British  statesman,  lord  deputy  of 
Ireland:  besieges  Maynooth,  12,  80 

Skiold,  a  mythical  King  of  Denmark: 
the  legend  of,  16,  17 

Skioldungs  (Skjoldungs),  the  descend- 
ants and  followers  of  Skiold:  found- 
ers of  the  dynasty  of,  16,  9 

Skjold:  see  Skiold 

Skjoldungs:  see  Skioldungs 

Skobelev  (Skobeleff),  Mikhail  (1845- 
1882),  a  Russian  soldier:  in  Russo- 
Turkish  War,  14,  482;  at  siege  of 
Plevna,  15,  335;  storms  Geok  Tepe, 

5,  367 
Skoropadski    (early    18th    century),   a 

Cossack  chief:  election  of,  15,  51 
Skraelingar     (Skrellings),     the     name 

given  by  Leif  Ericson  to  the  natives 


of  Vinland:  attacks  of  the,  16,  49; 
description  of,  23,  20 

Skrzynecki,  Jan  Boncza  (1787-1860), 
a  Polish  general:  in  the  Polish  in- 
surrection, 15,  294 

Skytte  (Schroderus),  Johan  (1577- 
1645),  a  Swedish  statesman  and 
writer:  educates  Gustavus  Adolphus, 
16,  175;  leads  the  democrats,  204 

Slade,  William  (early  19th  century), 
an  American  statesman:  champion 
of  the  abolitionists,  24,  578 

Slaghoek,  Didrik  (early  16th  century), 
a  Swedish  officer  of  state:  provokes 
the  blood  bath  of  Stockholm,  16, 
149;  regent  of  Sweden,   152 

Slankamen:  see  Salankeman 

Slashes,  The  Mill-boy  of  the:  see  Clay, 
Henry 

Slatin  Bey  (19th  century),  a  Turkish 
military  officer  in  Egypt:  defeat  of, 
19,  271 

Slatius,  Henry  (early  17th  century), 
an  Armenian  preacher:  plots  against 
life  of  Maurice  of  Nassau,  13,  205 

Slaughter  Act,  an  act  passed  in  Switz- 
erland to  amend  the  constitution 
(1893),  13,  S87 

Slavata,  William  of  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), an  Austrian  statesman:  ac- 
cused of  inciting  the  Emperor  Ma- 
thias  against  the  Protestants,  17, 
201 

Slave  Kings,  Dynasty  of,  a  dynasty  in 
India  in  the  early  13th  century: 
founded,  5,  97 

Slaves,  Slavery,  and  Slave  Trade: 
AFRICA:  main  treatment,  19,  35; 
colonization  of  Sierra  Leone,  37; 
sketch  of,  38;  colonization  of  Libe- 
ria, 49;  Arabian  slave  trade,  58;  com- 
bination of  powers  to  suppress,  115, 
122,  310;  domestic  slavery,  183,  279, 
310;  abolished  in  the  Witu  country, 
200;  in  the  Lake  Nyasa  region,  238; 
in  the  Congo  Free  State,  252;  slave- 
trade  abolished  at  the  Cape,  20, 
221;  present  condition  of,  19,  310 
ARABIA:  purchase  of  female 
slaves,  1,  288;  price  of  slaves,  305 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  traffic  for- 
bidden    in     Dalmatia,     17,     39;     St. 


648 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Stephen,  of  Hungary  improves  con- 
dition; 49 

BELGIUM:  plans  for  the  suppres- 
sion of,  13,  3i  1 

DENMARK:  slave  trade  abolished, 
16,  255,  19.  40,  20,  297 
EGYPT:  the  mamelukes,  1,  36,  14, 
127 

ENGLAND:  method  of  securing 
slaves,  11,  20;  conversion  of  free- 
men into  serfs,  51;  Englishmen 
transported  to  West  Indies,  423; 
successful  attempt  to  abolish  slave 
trade,  540,  558,  559;  slavery  abol- 
ished in  colonies,  II,  592,  20,  240; 
slave  trade  in  Africa,  19,  30;  slave 
trade  in  Africa  abolished,  40;  influ- 
ence on  African  slave  trade,  84 
EUROPE:  Christians  sold  into 
slavery,  9,   142 

FRANCE:   slaves,   9,   5;   emancipa- 
tion in   colonies,  20,   134 
GERMANY:  classes   of  slaves,  18, 
8,  57 

GREECE:  debtors  sold  as  slaves, 
2,  103;  slaves  freed  by  Cleisthenes, 
146;  women  and  children  abducted 
by  Turks,  544 

HOLLAND:  slave  trade  in  Africa, 
19,  30 

INDIA:  absence  of,  5,  70 
MEXICO:  abolished,  24,  532 
PHOENICIA:  inhabitants  of  Tyre 
sold   as   slaves,   1,    126 
PORTUGAL:   slave  traffic,  8,  322; 
freeing    of    slaves,    473,    526;    slave 
trade  in  Africa,  19,  17,  28 
ROME:   position   of   slaves,   3,    11; 
introduction  of  slaves,  41;   captives 
sold  into  slavery,  151,  303;  increased 
use  of  slaves,   160;  trade   in   slaves 
becomes  a  profession,  172;  slave  in- 
surrections,   173,    186;   evils  of  slav- 
ery, 261 

SCOTLAND:  abolition,  12,  370 
SOUTH  AMERICA:  abolished  in 
Ecuador,  21,  107;  abolished  in  Para- 
guay, 155;  in  Brazil,  163;  not  recog- 
nized by  the  constitution  of  the 
empire  of  Brazil,  172;  slave-trade 
abolished  in  Peru,  202;  abolished  in 
Chili,  217;  abolished  in  Brazil,  248 


SPAIN:    slavery    decreased,    8,   32; 
condition  of  slaves,  55 
TURKEY:  origin  of  Janissaries,  14, 
20;  position  of  slaves,  100;   sale  of 
Christians,  152 

UNITED  STATES:  among  the  In- 
dians, 23,  14;  introduced  into  Vir- 
ginia, 61;  slaves  brought  to  South 
Carolina,  75;  use  of  Indians  as 
slaves,  77;  in  Georgia,  80,  81;  law 
against  fugitive  slaves  in  New  Eng- 
land Confederation,  96;  slavery  prac- 
ticed in  Penn's  colony,  112;  statistics 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution, 
126,  128;  status  at  outbreaK  of  the 
Revolution,  128;  proposal  to  pro- 
hibit it  in  the  Northwest  Territory, 
318;  prohibited  in  Northwest  Terri- 
tory, 319;  slave  trade  compromise 
of  the  Constitution,  328;  affects  of 
the  Louisiana  purchase,  399;  impor- 
tation of  slaves  forbidden,  19,  40, 
20,  130,  240;  suppression  of  slave 
trade  agreed  to  in  Treaty  of  Ghent, 
23,  430;  fugitives  seek  refuge  in  East 
Florida,  444;  comparison  of  condi- 
tions in  North  and  South,  450;  ef- 
fect of  cotton  gin,  450;  slave-holding 
territory  extended,  451;  growth  of 
sentiment  against,  452;  Missouri 
Compromise,  455;  prohibited  in 
Maine,  455;  agreement  between  Great 
Britain  and  United  States  for  sup- 
pression of  slave  trade,  24,  531;  con- 
troversy over  annexation  of  Texas, 
5355  presidential  election  of  1848, 
559;  rise  of  the  controversy,  561; 
in  the  territories,  594,  630,  659,  766; 
prohibited  in  California,  598;  Com- 
promise of  1850,  601;  Calhoun's  idea 
of  slavery,  604;  Dred  Scott  case, 
658;  constitutionality  of  exclusion 
from  territories,  659;  citizenship  of 
the  negro  under  Federal  Constitu- 
tion, 660;  plenary  powers  of  Con- 
gress, 660;  Lecompton  Constitution, 
662;  feeling  in  Kansas,  663;  Lin- 
coln's utterances  respecting  slavery, 
667;  John  Brown's  convictions  con- 
cerning, 673;  Helper's  view  of  the 
system,  677;  secession  of  the  south- 
ern   States,   684;    slave    importation 


GENERAL    INDEX 


649 


prohibited  by  Confederacy,  695;  the 
Civil  War,  19,  58,  24,  7H',  abolished 
by  purchase  in  District  of  Colum- 
bia, 24,  766;  abolished  in  territories, 
766;  Confiscation  Act  (1862),  766; 
preliminary  Emancipation  Procla- 
mation, 767;  abolished  by  thirteenth 
amendment,  II,  623,  20,  240,  24,  841; 
negro  suffrage  question,  24,  858, 
932;  negro  suffrage  endorsed  by 
Chase,  859;  negro  suffrage  in  Demo- 
cratic platform  (1868),  860;  influ- 
ence of  carpet  bag  rule  in  South, 
864;  the  Ku-Klux-Klan,  868;  rights 
of  the  negro  in  South,  874;  Force 
Bill,  970 

WEST  INDIES:  introduction  of 
negroes  into  the  West  Indies,  20, 
74;  slaves  imported  from  Africa,  19, 
38;  condition  of  slaves,  20,  132; 
slave-trade  in  the  West  Indies,  13, 
315,  20,  238;  slave-trade  and  slavery 
abolished  by  Denmark  in  Danish 
West  Indies,  16,  255,  20,  297;  ef- 
fect of  Haytian  independence,  20, 
492;  slave  revolt  in  San  Domingo, 
10,  161,  445,  20,  138;  abolishing  of, 
in  Cuba,  20,  327 

Slavonia,    a    region    in    Austria-Hun- 
gary:   Scordisci    settle    in,    17,    11; 
comes  under   Frankish  rule,  38;  in- 
.  corporated  in  Hungary,  398 

Slavs  or  Slavonians,  race  of  eastern 
Europe:  location  of,  15,  4,  9;  con- 
tribute to  Austrian  history,  17,  5; 
influence  of,  8;  history  of,  18;  in- 
vade the  Roman  empire,  17,  15,  2, 
533 

Sleeman,  Sir  William  Henry  (1788- 
1856),  English  officer  and  writer: 
suppresses  "  thags  "  in  India,  5,  214 

Slesvig:  see  Schleswig 

Slesvig,  the  capital  of  the  province  of 
Slesvig-Holstein:  burned  by  Harald 
Haardrade,  16,  67;  battle  of  (1848), 
270 

Slesvig-Holstein,  a  province  of  Prus- 
sia: Knud  Hlaford  invested  with, 
16,  76;  bestowed  on  Albert,  85;  its 
union  with  Denmark,  135;  the  his- 
tory of,  265;  see  also  Slesvig-Hol- 
stein Wars  and  Schleswig 


Slesvig-Holstein  Wars:  first,  16,  95; 
(1412),  124;  (1848),  270;  (1864),  274 

Sleswick:  see  Schleswig 

Slidell,  John  (1793-1871),  American 
politician:  sent  to  Mexico,  22,  283, 
24,  544;  appointed  Confederate  rep- 
resentative at  Paris,  24,  728;  see  also 
Mason  anc]  Slidell  Incident 

Slivinitza,   Bulgaria:   battle  of   (1885), 

14,  494,  15,  343 
Sloat,    John    Drake     (19th    century), 

American  naval  commander:  in  the 

Mexican  War,  22,  289;  sent  to  seize 

California,  24,   548 
Slobasia,    Truce    of,    between    Russia 

and    Turkey    (1807),    14,    398,    400, 

403 
Slocum,    Henry   Warner    (1827-1894), 

American     soldier     and     politician: 

commands  army  of  the  Cumberland, 

24,  804;   commands   Sherman's  left, 

806 
Sloughter,   Henry    (d.    1691),   colonial 

governor    of    New    York:    appoint- 
ment of,  23,  106 
Slovenes,  a  slavic  race:  origin  of,  17, 

19;  history  of,  37 
Sluys    or    Sluis,    Netherlands:    naval 

battle    of    (1340),    11,    160,    13,    33; 

surrenders    to    the     States-General, 

13,  178 
Smalkalde,  League  of,  league  formed 

at  Smalkalde  by  several  Protestant 

princes  against  Charles  V  (1531),  9, 

142 
Small   Germans,    a   political   party   of 

Germany:  sketch  of,  18,  399,  402 
Smendes   (Nes-bi-n-dedi)    (Se-Amen), 

King  of  Egypt,  ca.  1090  B.  C. :  reign 

of,  1,  29 
Smerwick,    Ireland:   battle   of    (1580), 

11,  291,  12,  90 
Smirnov,     Madame     (18th     century), 

Russian  writer:  memoirs  of,  15,  200 
Smith,  King:  see  Louis  Philippe,  King 

of  France 
Smith,     Adam     (1723-1790),     Scottish 

philosopher  and  political  economist: 

publishes  his  "  Wealth  of  Nations," 

18,    345,    23,    201;    writings    of,    20, 

134 
Smith,      Adamson      (18th      century), 


650 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


American  statesman:  in  first  Con- 
gress, 23,  342 

Smith,  Caleb  (19th  century),  American 
statesman:  Lincoln's  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  24,  708 

Smith,  Charles  Euan  (1842 ),  Brit- 
ish statesman:  British  consul-gen- 
eral in  Africa,  19,  140;  recommends 
expedition  to  Uganda,  191 

Smith,  Charles  Ferguson  (1 806-1 862), 
American  general:  at  siege  of  Fort 
Donelson,  24,  744 

Smith,  Edmund  Kirby  (1825-1893), 
American  general:  in  the  Mexican 
War,  22,  364;  at  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
24>  735J  surrenders  the  forces  of 
the  West,  814 

Smith,  Gerrit  (1797-1874),  American 
philanthropist:  member  of  American 
Anti-Slavery  Society,  24,  574;  heads 
negro  rescue  at  Syracuse,  616;  aids 
cause  of  negro  abduction,  617;  John 
Brown  aided  by,  673;  becomes  in- 
sane, 675 

Smith,  Green  Clay  (1832-1895),  Amer- 
ican general  and  lawyer:  nominated 
for  President,  24,   909 

Smith,  Harry  (1788-1860),  English 
general:  wins  battle  of  Aliwal,  5, 
221 

Smith,    Hoke     (1855 ),    American 

lawyer:  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
24>  993  note 

Smith,  Hyrum  (19th  century),  an 
American  Mormon:  murdered  by 
mob,  24,  982 

Smith,  J.  M.  (19th  century),  American 
military  officer:  in  the  Mexican 
War,  22,  349 

Smith,  Jacob  Hurd  (1840 ),  Amer- 
ican general:  court-martialed,  24, 
1043 

Smith,  John  (1579-1631),  English  ex- 
plorer and  historian:  sketch  of,  23, 
58;  explores  coast  of  New  England, 
86 

Smith,  Joseph  (1805-1844),  American 
religious  leader:  founder  of  Mor- 
monism,  24,  982 

Smith,  Maxwell  J.  (living),  wireless 
telegraph  expert:  member  of  the 
Wellman  Expedition,  16,  341 


Smith,  Persifor  F.  (19th  century), 
American  military  officer:  in  the 
Mexican  War,  22,  345 

Smith  (Smythe),  Sir  Thomas  (ca. 
1558-1625),  governor  of  the  English 
East  India  Company:  administra- 
tion of,  5,  158;  appointed  councilor, 

23,  57 

Smith,  William  (19th  century),  Eng- 
lish whaler:  his  discoveries  in  the 
Antarctic,  16,  333 

Smith,  Sir  William  Sidney,  often 
called  Sir  Sidney  Smith,  an  English 
admiral:  born  at  Westminster,  July 
21,  1764;  entered  the  navy  at  the 
age  of  eleven;  won  a  lieutenancy  in 
the  battle  off  Cape  St.  Vincent,  Jan- 
uary, 1780;  advised  the  King  of  Swe- 
den in  his  war  with  Russia,  1788- 
1790;  joined  Lord  Hood  at  Tou- 
lon, 1793;  was  captured  by  the  French 
1796,  and  sent  to  Paris,  but  escaped 
in  1798;  was  sent  to  Constantinople 
as  plenipotentiary,  1798;  went  to  the 
relief  of  St.  Jean  d'Acre  and  com- 
pelled Napoleon  to  raise  the  siege, 
1799;  was  at  the  battle  of  Aboukir, 
1799;  was  member  of  Parliament 
for  Rochester,  1802;  was  sent  to 
Sicily  and  Naples  on  secret  service, 
1805;  joined  Sir  John  Duckworth 
against  the  Turks,  1807,  and  de- 
stroyed the  French  fleet  at  Abydos, 
February  7,  1807;  died  at  Paris,  May 
26,  1840 

In  Franco-Turkish  war,  14,  382, 
383,  384;  defends  Saint  Jean  d'  Acre, 
9,  309 

Smolensk,  Russia,  called  The  Key  of 
Russia:  under  the  Varangians,  15, 
5;  battle  of  (1812),  10,  485,  15,  223, 
18,  380 

Smolka  (19th  century),  Polish  states- 
man: made  vice-president  of  the 
diet  of  Vienna  (1849),  17,  374;  elect- 
ed president  of  the  diet,  377 

Smuggling:  in  the  Spanish- American 
colonies,  23,  45;  in  New  England 
prior  to  the  Revolution,  205;  under 
Jefferson's  Embargo  Act,  410;  trou- 
bles in  East  Florida,  444 

Smyrna,  Asia  Minor:  sacked  by  Timur 


GENERAL    INDEX 


651 


(1402),  14,  51;  taken  by  Mohammed 
I  of  Turkey,  55;  Turkish  massacre 
at,  2,  543;  taken  by  Ibrahim  Pasha, 
290 

Smythe,  Alexander  (19th  century), 
American  general:  succeeds  Van 
Rensselaer,  23,  421 

Snefru  (Sephuris)  (ca.  2840  B.  C), 
King  of  Egypt:  founds  the  fourth 
dynasty,  1,   15 

Sneyders  (Snyders),  Francis  (1579- 
1657),  a  Flemish  painter:  sketch  of, 
13,  220 

Snorre  Sturleson  (Snorri  Sturluson) 
(1178-1241),  an  Icelandic  poet  and 
scholar:  sketch  of,  16,  8,  99 

Snow  Queen,  The:  see  Christina, 
Queen  of  Sweden 

Snowstorms  in  Mexico,  22,  187  note 

Snyders:  see  Sneyders 

So  Yoshitomo  (16th  century),  Japa- 
nese statesman;  invites  the  king  of 
Korea  to  visit  Japan,   7,   116 

Soares,  Lope  (early  16th  century),  a 
Portuguese  viceroy  in  India:  his 
campaigns  in  the  East,  8,  328;  made 
viceroy  of  India,  330 

Sobeslav  I,  King  of  Bohemia,  1126- 
1140:  reign  of,  17,  66 

Sobieski,  John:  see  John  (III)  So- 
bieski 

Sobraon,  India:  battle  of  (1846),  5, 
221 

Social  Conditions: 

AFRICA:  of  the  Boers,  19,  276 
ARABIA:    freedom    of    the    Arabi- 
ans,    I,     193;    condition    of     Chris- 
tians, 324 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  the  Slavs, 
17,  23,  26;  latter  part  of  17th  cen- 
tury, 189;  18th  century,  331 
BABYLONIA  and  ASSYRIA: 
early  civilization,  1,  105,  112 
CHINA:  13th  century,  6,  19;  the 
miaotzu,  94;  position  of  foreigners, 
142,   145,  278,   282 

DENMARK:  development  of  feud- 
alism,   16,    94;    under    Christian    II, 
189;    under   Christian  VI,  238 
EGYPT:  as  pictured  by  the  papyri, 
1,  55;  early  civilization,  58 
ENGLAND:    Roman  influence,   11, 


9,  12;  influence  of  the  Angles  and 
Saxons,  19;  morality  of  the  clergy, 
48;  10th  century,  54;  feudal  system, 
74,  84;  persecution  of  Jews,  112, 
145;  decay  of  asceticism,  115;  Chau- 
cer's England,  177;  under  Edward 
IV,  215;  under  Elizabeth,  298;  un- 
der Charles  II,  384,  417,  420;  under 
George  III,  535;  early  Victorian 
era,  599;  early  condition  of  Jews, 
1,  419;  naturalization  of  Jews,  422 
EUROPE:  after  the  crusades,  18, 
172 

FRANCE:  the  Gauls,  3,  294,  4,  115, 
9,  5;  feudalism,  9,  63,  65;  before 
the  revolution,  10,  7,  17,  21;  rem- 
nants of  feudalism  destroyed,  75; 
abolition  of  titles,  120;  of  1815,  9, 
368;  early  condition  of  Jews,  1, 
419;  bettered  condition  of  Jews, 
422 

GERMANY:  early  civilization,  18, 
7:  under  Maximilian  I,  230;  end  of 
16th  century,  264;  after  the  Thirty 
Years'  War,  296;  middle  of  18th  cen- 
tury, 325;  early  condition  of  Jews, 
1/420;  later  condition  of  Jews,  422 
GREECE:  in  Homeric  state,  2,  35; 
in  Sparta,  66;  Solon's  division  of 
classes,  105;  at  present  time,  550 
HUNGARY:  10th  century,  17,  45; 
European  influence,  61;  under 
Vladislav,  168;  19th  century,  430 
ICELAND:  under  Christian  VI, 
16,  239;  from  Sagas,  299 
INDIA:  pursuits  of  the  people,  5, 
16;  overcrowding  of  the  people,  21; 
of  various  tribes,  27;  castes,  43, 
77;  of  the  Brahmans,  44,  49;  aboli- 
tion of  inhumane  rites,  113;  aboli- 
tion of  widow-burning,  213 
IRELAND:  early  civilization,  12, 
9;  5th  and  6th  centuries,  A.  D.,  33; 
after  Bruce's  invasion,  61;  forced 
migration  of,  1654,  126;  position  of 
Catholics,  163;  improved  condition 
of  Catholics,  224;  growth  of  the 
temperance  cause,  225 
ISRAEL:  changes  in,  1,  378 
ITALY:  town  life  in  the  12th  cen- 
tury, 4,  188;  town  life  in  the  13th 
century,  207;  divisions  of  Floren- 
tine   society,    226;    at    present    day, 


652 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


401;  early  condition  of  Jews,  1, 
418 

JAPAN:  primitive  civilization,  7, 
7;  Korean  and  Chinese  influences, 
17;  establishment  of  charitable  in- 
stitutions, 32;  degeneration,  44,  45; 
feudal  system,  78;  18th  century, 
144;  house  construction,  148;  classes 
of  society,  150;  growth  of  disso- 
lute habits,  153;  decline  of  feudal- 
ism, 223 

LYDIA:  early  civilization,  1,  152 
MEXICO:   the  Aztecs,  23,  7;   19th 
century,  22,  262 

NETHERLANDS:  ancient  civil- 
ization, 13,  4,  7;  feudalism,  28; 
progress  of  the  common  people, 
30;  after  the  Reformation,  61;  after 
victories  of  Prince  of  Parma,  146; 
early  17th  century,  222;  asylum  for 
Jews,  1,  421 

PERSIA:       early      civilization,      I, 
180;  degenerate  character,  5,  370 
PERU:  Spanish  influence  in  Lima, 
21,  213 

PHCENICIA:  commercial  spirit 
of,  1,  135 

POLAND:  16th  and  17th  centuries, 
15,  378;  early  condition  of  Jews,  1, 
420 

PORTUGAL:  18th  century,  8,  476 
ROME:  comparison  of  Greek  and 
Roman  society,  3,  5;  family  life, 
11;  land  tenure,  37;  changes  of  445 
B.  C,  47;  mercantile  spirit,  160; 
decadence  of  society,  248;  under 
Caesar,  378,  382;  Nero's  persecution 
of  the  Christians,  4,  65;  under 
Domitian,  84;  trouble  between 
Jews  and  Christians,  90;  persecu- 
tion of  the  Christians  by  Marcus 
Aurelius,  97;  provincials  made  citi- 
zens, 4,  103;  Christians  under 
Julian,  129 

RUSSIA:  Western  influence,  15, 
14;  marriage  festivals,  57;  in  the 
18th  century,  70,  71;  creation  of  a 
middle  class,  84,  85;  late  18th  cen- 
tury, 175;  middle  classes,  182 
SCANDINAVIA:  9th  century,  16 
11;  nth  century,  63,  64;  under  Gus- 
tavus  III  of  Sweden,  247 


SCOTLAND:  compared  with  Eng- 
land, 11,  335;  influence  of  England, 
12,  269;  French  influence,  307; 
feudal  system,  329;  after  the  union 
with  England,  357;  feudalism  over- 
thrown, 377 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  after  the 
Spanish  conquest,  21,  46;  natives 
of  the  Amazon  plain,  310 
SPAIN:  early  civilization,  8,  4,  5, 
8,  9;  classes  of  society,  54;  early 
customs,  57;  condition  of  the  Jews, 
1,  416,  8,  209;  reign  of  Carlos  III, 
8,  419 
SWITZERLAND:  lake  dwellings, 
J3,  327>  Roman  influence,  332; 
feudalism,  340,  350;  15th  century, 
429;  before  the  Reformation,  432; 
after  the  Reformation,  450;  17th 
century,  484;  bigotry  of  the  aristoc- 
racy, 497 

TURKEY:  early  condition  of 
Jews,   1,  421 

UNITED     STATES:     of    the     In- 
dians,   23,    10;    women    brought    to 
Virginia,  62;  classes  of  society,  129; 
of  the  negro,  24,  874;   condition  of 
Jews,   1,   424 
Social    Democrat,     a     German   news- 
paper: issued,  18,  446 
Social    Democratic   Party,    a   political 
party    in    the    United    States:    Debs 
nominated  President  by,  24,   1067 
Social   Democrats    (Socialists),   a   po- 
litical   party    in    Germany;    descrip- 
tion of,   18,  437 
Social    War,    The,    a    war    in    which 
Athens  was  defeated  by  Byzantium, 
Chios,    Cos,    and    Rhodes    (ca.    357- 
355  B.  C):  account  of,  2,  454 
Socialism : 
AUSTRALIA:  of  the  state,  20,  215 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:    increasing 
strength  of,  17,  438,  446,  453 
BELGIUM:    Socialist   uprising,   13, 
309;  rise  of,  310 

BOHEMIA:  newspapers,  17,  429 
FRANCE:    the    commune,    9,    470, 
471;  growth  of,  486 
GERMANY:       Social      Democrats, 
18,    437,    446;    state's    care    of    the 
working  classes,  447 


GENERAL    INDEX 


653 


ITALY:  spread  of,  4,  399 
NETHERLANDS:    dissensions    in 
Socialist  party,    13,   320 
NEW    ZEALAND:    of    the    state, 
20,  215 

PORTUGAL:  elements  of,  8,  539 
ROME:  teaching  of  Stoic  philoso- 
phers, 4,   103 

SWEDEN:  tendency  toward,  16, 
280 

SWITZERLAND:  formation  of 
communes,  13,  353;  state  owner- 
ship of  railroads,  575;  growth  of, 
58i 

UNITED  STATES:  Socialist  La- 
bor Party,  24,  991,  1067;  Social 
Democrats,  1067 

Socialist  Labor  Party,  a  political 
party  in  the  United  States:  nom- 
inates Simon  Wing  for  President 
(1892),  24,  991;  Presidential  nom- 
ination of  1904,  1067 

Society  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean:  made  a 
French  protectorate,  20,  276 

Society  of  Jesus:  see  Jesuits 

Socorro,  Colombia,  South  America: 
rebellion  of,  21,  52 

Socctra:  see   Sokotra 

Socrates,  a  Greek  philosopher:  born 
at  Athens  about  470  B.  C.;  at  first 
followed  the  profession  of  his 
father,  a  sculptor,  but  soon  devoted 
himself  entirely  to  the  pursuit  of 
philosophy;  served  as  soldier  dur- 
ing the  Peloponnesian  War  and 
was  present  at  Potidaea  (431), 
Delium  (424),  and  Amphipolis 
(422) ;  was  president  of  the  prytanes, 
406,  and  opposed  the  Thirty  Ty- 
rants; was  accused  of  impiety  and 
of  corrupting  the  Athenian  youth, 
399;  defended  himself  in  a  famous 
speech,  which  enraged  his  judges 
and  he  was  condemned;  drank  the 
poisonous  hemlock  in  prison,  sur- 
rounded by  his  disciples 

Opposes     the     decrees     of     Cal- 
lixenus,  2,  74;  death  of,  397 

Sodaditas  Damebiana,  an  academic 
society  in  Vienna,  Austria;  founded 
17,  175 


Sofala,  eastern  Africa:  factory  found- 
ed at,  20,  46 

Soffarides:  see  Saffarid  Dynasty 

Sofia  (Sophia),  Bulgaria:  occupied  by 
the  Russians   (1878),  15,  336 

Sofia  (13th  century),  Queen  of  Swe- 
den: divorce  of,  16,  104 

Sofia  Amalia,  Queen  of  Denmark  and 
Norway,  1648-1670:  the  position  of, 
16,  230 

Soga  Dasoku  (early  15th  century),  a 
Japanese  artist:  sketch  of,  7,  106 

Soga  Sukenari  (ca.  12th  century),  a 
Japanese  soldier;  kills  father's  foe, 
7,  152 

Soga  Tokimune  (ca.  12th  century),  a 
Japanese  soldier:  kills  father's  foe, 
7,  152 

Soga-no-Emishi  (7th  century),  a 
Japanese  prince:  influence  of,  7,  20 

Soga-no-Iname  (6th  century),  a  Jap- 
anese statesman:  counsels  the  ac- 
ceptance of   Buddhism,  7,   14 

Soga-no-Iruka  (7th  century),  a  Japa- 
nese prince:  influence  of,  8,  20 

Soga-no-Mako  (late  6th  century),  a 
Japanese  statesman:  works  for  the 
acceptance   of   Buddhism  in   Japan, 

7,   15 

Soga-no-Umako  (late  6th  century), 
a  Japanese  statesman:  builds  tem- 
ples and  pagodas  for  Buddha,  7,  15; 
feud  with  Monobe  Moriya,  19 

Sogdianos  (Sekydianos)  (5th  century 
B.  C.),  son  of  Artaxerxes  I,  King 
of  Persia:  reign  of,  1,  167 

Sohr:  see  Soor 

Soissons,  France:  battles  of  (486  A. 
D.),  18,  46;  (720  A.  D.)  9,  36 

Sokolli  (16th  century),  Grand  Vizier 
of  Turkey:  account  of,  14,  176; 
death  of,  201 

Sokotra  (Socotra),  Island  of,  an  is- 
land in  the  Indian  Ocean:  annexed 
by  England,  5,  255,  19,  85,  20,  252 

Solano  (late  18th  century),  a  Spanish 
general:  his  campaigns  in  America, 
22,  212 

Solaro,  Count  (early  18th  century), 
an  Italian  soldier:  at  siege  of  Turin 
(1704),  4.  328 

Solebay    (Southwold),    Suffolk,    Eng- 


654 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


land:  battle  of  (1672),  9,  210,  13, 
236 

Solemn.  League  and  Covenant,  a 
bond  between  England,  Scotland, 
and  Ireland,  for  the  preservation  of 
reformed  religion,  and  the  extirpa- 
tion of  papacy  (1643),  II,  347 

Soleure,  Massacre  of   (1382),  13,  379 

Soleure,  Treaty  of,  an  alliance  be- 
tween Switzerland  and  France 
(1663),   13,  477 

Solferino,  Italy:  battle  of  (1859),  4, 
373,  9,  45 1,  17,  385,  18,  405 

Soliman,  Pasha  (16th  century),  a 
Turkish    admiral:    besieges    Diu,    8, 

435 

Soliman:  see  Solyman  or  Suleiman 

Solis,  Juan  Diaz,  de  (ca.  1470-1516),  a 
Spanish  navigator:  traces  the  coasts 
of  Central  America,  31,  16;  explores 
the  bay  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  17 

Sollium,  Greece:  retained  by  Athens, 
2,  317 

Solomon,  King  of  Israel,  993-953  B. 
C:  was  a  son  of  King  David  and 
Bathsheba;  was  born  about  1033 
B.  C.  and  succeeded  his  father  in 
1015;  formed  an  alliance  with 
Pharaoh,  King  of  Egypt,  whose 
daughter  he  married;  soon  after 
his  accession,  began  to  build  the 
magnificent  temple  which  bore  his 
name:  founded  the  city  of  Tadmor 
or  Palmyra;  in  his  reign  the  Jewish 
kingdom  rose  to  its  highest  pros- 
perity and  greatest  power;  he 
wrote,  or  compiled,  the  collections 
of  Proverbs  which  form  one  of  the 
canonical  books  of  the  Bible;  also 
the  Book  of  Ecclesiastes,  and  the 
Book  of  Canticles;  died  953  B.  C, 
after  a  reign  of  forty  years,  and 
was  succeeded  by  his  son  Rehoboam 
Anointed  and  crowned,  1,  386; 
reign  of,  387;  equips  fleets  for  com- 
mercial voyages,   19,  6 

Solomon,  The  British:  see  James  I 
and  also  Henry  VII,  Kings  of  Eng- 
land 

Solon,  an  Athenian  legislator,  born 
in  the  island  of  Salamis  about  638 
B.  C. :  was  a  son  of  Execestides 
and    a    descendant    of    Codrus;    in 


his  youth  he  was  a  merchant  and 
visited  foreign  countries;  he  gained 
distinction  by  his  poetical  talents 
in  the  early  part  of  his  life  and 
fragments  of  his  poetry  are  still 
extant  and  highly  prized;  first  re- 
corded public  service  of  Solon  was 
his  successful  expedition  to  Sala- 
mis, which  he  recovered  from  the 
Megarians;  in  594  B.  C.  he  was 
elected  archon;  he  relieved  debtors 
by  a  reduction  of  the  rate  of  in- 
terest and  cancelled  debts  and  lib- 
erated lands  from  mortgage;  he  re- 
fused to  make  himself  King  of 
Athens;  repealed  the  laws  of  Draco, 
except  those  made  for  the  punish- 
ment of  murder;  he  established  the 
council,  or  court,  of  the  Areopagus, 
and  he  remodelled  the  political  con- 
stitution; ordained  that  new  meas- 
ures should  be  first  considered  in 
the  senate,  and  if  approved  by  that 
body,  be  proposed  to  the  popular 
assembly,  which  had  power  to 
adopt  or  reject  them;  after  finish- 
ing his  legislative  task  he  obtained 
leave  of  absence  for  ten  years  and 
visited  Egypt  and  Asia  Minor;  he 
returned  to  Athens  in  his  old  age 
and  opposed  the  ambitious  designs 
of  Peisistratus;  he  began  a  poem 
the  subject  of  which  was  the  fabu- 
lous island  of  Atlantis,  but  did  not 
live  to  finish  it;  died  about  558  B.  C. 
Consults  oracle  of  Delphi,  2,  44; 
life  of,  102;  legislation  of,  104;  trav- 
els and  later  life,  108 

Solothurn:  see  Soleure 

Solouque  (Faustinus  I),  negro  poli- 
tician, President  of  Hayti,  1847- 
1852,  Emperor  of  Hayti,  1852-1858: 
election  of,  22,  499 

Soloviov  (d.  1879),  a  Russian  con- 
spirator: his  attempt  to  assassinate 
the  tsar,   15,  339 

Soltichika,  The,  the  trial  and  impris- 
onment of  a  Russian  noblewoman 
for  cruelty  to  her  serfs:  case  of, 
15,  182 

Soltikov,  Count  Nicholas  Ivanovitch 
(1736-1816),  a  Russian  field-mar- 
shal,   regent    of    the    empire,    1813- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


655 


1815):    promotes    Araktcheiev,    15, 
203 

Soltikov,  Count  Peter  (ca.  1700-1772), 
a  Russian  field-marshal:  made  com- 
mander, 15,  148;  in  the  Seven 
Years'  War,  18,  340 

Soltyk  (18th  century),  a  Polish  ec- 
clesiastic: imprisonment  of,  15,   174 

Solway  Moss,  a  district  in  England: 
battle  of  (1542),  12,  304 

Solyman  (Suleiman  or  Soliman)  I 
(surnamed  "  The  Magnificent  ")  (ca. 
1490-1566),  Sultan  of  Turkey,  1520- 
1566;  reign  of,  14,  143;  power  of, 
5,  101;  his  sovereignty  contested, 
120;  attempts  to  conquer  India,  5, 
150;  in  Persia,  342;  his  campaign 
against  Hungary,  17,  169;  aids  John 
.  I  of  Hungary,  216;  conquers  Buda, 
217;  in  Germany,  18,  249;  besieges 
Malta,  8,  355;  death  of,  14,  176,  17, 
220;  extent  of  empire  of,  14,  179; 
estimate  of,   189 

Solyman  II,  Sultan  of  Turkey,  1687- 
1691:  reign  of,  14,  255;  death  of, 
260 

Solyman,  King  of  Cordova,  1012- 
1015:  reign  of,  8,  80 

Solyman  (8th  century),  Mohamme- 
dan  caliph:    death   of,   1,   331 

Solyman  ben  Abderalman  (late  8th 
century),  a  brother  of  Hixem,  ruler 

'  of  Mohammedan  Spain:  revolts 
against  Alhakem,  8,  72 

Somaliland     (Somali     Coast     Protec- 
torate), British,  a  British  protector 
ate  in  eastern  Africa:  under  British 
protection,   19,   209;   description  of, 
20,  262 

Somaliland,  French,  a  French  pro- 
tectorate in  eastern  Africa:  gov- 
ernment  of,  20,   282 

Somaliland,  Italian,  an  Italian  pro- 
tectorate in  eastern  Africa:  de- 
scription of,  20,  300 

Sombrero,  Mexico:  siege  of  (1817), 
22,  250 

Sombreuil,  Charles  Virot  de  (1769- 
1795).  a  French  royalist  soldier: 
pleads  with  the  mob  at  the  Hotel 
des  Invalides,  10,  63;  capture  and 
death  of,  9,  294 

Somers,    Sir    George     (d.     1610),    an 


English  colonist:  takes  possession 
of  the  Bermudas,  20,  249 

Somers,  John,  Baron  Somers  (1652- 
1716),  an  English  statesman  and 
jurist:  Lord  Keeper  of  the  Seal,  11, 
441;  directs  the  Board  of  Trade  and 
Commerce,  20,  89;  impeached,  11, 
450 

Somerset,  Dukes  of,  see  Beaufort, 
John,  and  Seymour,  Edward 

Somerset,  Earl  of:  see  Carr,  Robert 

Somerset,  Edmund  Beaufort,  Duke  of 
(d.  1455),  an  English  politician:  fa- 
vorite of  Henry  VI,  11,  210;  death 
of,  211 

Somerset,  Edward,  Marquis  of  Wor- 
cester, titular  Earl  of  Glamorgan, 
and  called  Herbert  of  Raglan  ( 1601- 
1667),  an  English  peer:  concludes 
treaty  with  the  Irish,  11,  354 

Somerset,  Fitzroy  James  Henry, 
Baron  Raglan:  see  Raglan,  Fitzroy 
James  Henry  Somerset,  Baron 

Sommar,  Magnus  (16th  century), 
Bishop  of  Strangnas,  a  Swedish  ec- 
clesiastic: at  the  diet  of  Vesteraas, 
16,   158 

Sommerhausen,  Germany:  battle  of 
(1647),  9,  200 

Somov,  Orestes  (early  19th  century), 
a  Russian  conspirator:  in  the  plot 
of  the  Dekabrists,  15,  273 

Sonderhausen,  Germany:  battle  of 
(1758),  9,  245 

Song-hwan,  Korea:  battle  of,  7,  262 

Sonntag,  Miss,  a  contemporary  semi- 
official Russian  diplomat  in  Korea: 
represents  Russia  at  Seul,  7,  296 

Sonoma,  California:  taken  by  the 
Americans,   22,  296 

Sons  of  Liberty,  associations  formed 
in  American  colonies  to  resist  the 
aggressions  of  the  British  govern- 
ment (1765):  of  New  York,  propose 
general   congresses,   23,   222 

Soochow,  China:  negotiations  for  sur- 
render of,  6,  203;  capture  of,  204 

Soor  (Sorr  or  Sohr),  Bohemia:  battle 
of  (1745),   18,  331 

Sopatu  (3rd  century  B.  C),  a  Mace- 
donian military  leader:  comes  to 
the  aid  of  Carthaginians,  3,   129 

Sophi:  see  Safi 


656 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Sophia  (d.  1877),  Queen  of  Holland, 
wife    of    William    II:    influence    of, 

13,  314 

Sophia  (15th  century),  a  Byzantine 
princess:  marries  Ivan  the  Great 
(1472),  15,  14 

Sophia  (1630-1714),  Electress  of  Han- 
over: made  heir  of  English  crown, 
11,  448 

Sophia  (early  15th  century),  wife  of 
Wenzel,  King  of  Bohemia:  favors 
the  Hussites,  18,  202,  205 

Sophia,  a  contemporary  Prussian 
princess:  becomes  consort  of  Greek 
heir  apparent,  2,  548 

Sophia:  see  also  Sofia 

Sophia  of  Anhalt-Zerbst:  see  Cath- 
erine (II)  the  Great,  Empress  of 
Russia 

Sophia  of  Mecklenburg,  wife  of  Fred- 
erick II,  King  of  Denmark:  sketch 
of,  16,  200 

Sophia  Alexievna  (1657-1704),  a  Rus- 
sian princess:  guardian  of  her 
brothers,  15,  24;  foments  an  out- 
break of  the  strelitz,  26;  regency 
of,   27,   29;   banished   to   a   convent, 

3i 

Sophia  Dorothea  (1666-1726),  Elec- 
tress of  Hanover:  mother  of  Fred- 
erick the  Great,  18,  326 

Sophia  Magdalena  of  Kulmbach-Bay- 
reuth,  wife  of  Christian  VI,  of  Den- 
mark: sketch  of,  16,  238 

Sophocles  (495-405  B.  C.)»  Greek 
tragedian:  commands  at  Samos,  2, 
260 

Sophronius  (7th  century),  patriarch 
of  Jerusalem:  treats  for  capitulation 
of  Jerusalem,  1,  283 

Sora,  Italy:  Romans  capture,  3,  65 

Sorata,  South  America:  siege  of 
(1780),  21,  52 

Soreas,  John  de  (16th  century), 
Protestant  leader  of  the  Nether- 
lands: leads  rebellion,  13,  101 

Soria,  Marquis  de  (late  18th  century) 
Spanish    soldier:    his    campaign    in 
Portugal,  8,  415 

Sorr:  see  Soor 

Sosius,  Gaius,  Roman  consul,  32  B. 
C:  nominee  of  Antonius,  4,  24 


Sota  la  Marina,  Mexico:  siege  of 
(1817),  22,  249 

Sotan  Ogure  (15th  century),  Japanese 
artist:  sketch  of,  7,  106 

So  tar  6  Iba  (early  20th  century), 
Japanese  politician:  assassinates 
Toru  Hoshi,  7,  229 

Sotero,  General  (late  19th  century), 
South  American  statesman:  leads 
rebellion,  21,  101 

Sothel,  Seth  (17th  century):  American 
colonial  statesman:  governor  of 
Carolina,  23,  74 

Soto,  Hernando  (or  Fernando)  de,  a 
Spanish  explorer:  born  in  Estre- 
madura,  about  1500;  served  with 
distinction  under  Pizarro  in  Peru 
and  acquired  great  wealth;  re- 
turned to  Spain  in  1536;  soon  after 
he  was  appointed  governor  of  Cuba 
and  Florida;  he  conducted  an  expe- 
dition from  Spain  to  Florida  in 
IS39>  discovered  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  died  in  Louisiana  in 
1542 

His  expedition  to  Florida,  22, 
447;  explorations  of,  23,  42;  death 
of,  43 

Sotomayor,  General  (late  19th  cen- 
tury), Chilian  commander:  wins  the 
battle  of  Calama,  21,  234 

Soubise,  Benjamin  de  Rohan,  Seig- 
neur de  (1585-1642),  French  noble- 
man: revolt  of,  9,,  183 

Soubise,  Charles  de  Rohan,  Prince 
(1715-1787),  French  general:  in  the 
Seven  Years'  War,  9,  245,  18,  336, 
342 

Souham,  Joseph  (1760-1837),  French 
general:  his  campaign  against  the 
allied  forces,  9,  289 

Soule,  Pierre  (1802-1870),  American 
jurist:  minister  to  Spain,  24,  625; 
Ostend  Manifesto,  628;  resigns  as 
minister,  629;  demands  indemnity 
for  Black  Warrior  Affair,  643 

Soult,  Nicholas  Jean  de  Dieu,  Duke 
of  Dalmatia  (1769-1851),  French 
general,  called  the  Old  Fox:  made 
marshal  of  the  empire,  9,  322;  at 
battle  of  Corunna,  8,  529;  his  cam- 
paigns in  Spain,  9,  334;  made  min- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


657 


ister  of  war,  359;  made  minister  of 
war  in  Perier's  cabinet,  399;  first 
ministry  of,  402;  second  ministry  of, 
417;  third  ministry  of,  420 

Sousa,  Alfonso  de  (1500-1564), 
Portuguese  explorer:  viceroy  of  the 
Indies,  8,  435 

South,  The,  a  geographical,  political 
and  social  division  of  the  United 
States:  opposes  government  aid  in 
internal  improvements,  23,  442;  ef- 
fect of  cotton  gin  on  conditions  in, 
450;  attitude  towards  the  question 
of  a  prohibitive  tariff,  457,  472; 
comparison  of  present  population 
with  that  of  the  time  of  Jackson, 
479;  attitude  toward  Carolina  and 
nullification,  495;  military  govern- 
ments withdrawn  from,  24,  870;  po- 
litical disabilities  removed,  873;  re- 
claimed from  carpet-bag  rule,  873; 
becomes  Democratic  "  solid  South," 
932;  regard  for  McKinley,  1049; 
see  also  Confederacy,  The 

South,  The  Demon  of  the:  see  Philip 
II,  Ring  of  Spain 

South,  The  Empire  State  of  the:  see 
Georgia 

South  Africa:  history  of,  20,  218; 
South  African  Republic  founded, 
226;  South  African  wars,  II,  640, 
20,  22 

South  Africa  Company,  British:  see 
British  South  Africa  Company 

South  African  Wars:  first  (1880- 
1881),  20,  229;  second  (1899-1902), 
II,  640,  20,  232 

South  America:  discovery  of,  21,  3, 
23,  33;  conquest  of,  21,  14;  col- 
onization of,  36;  independence 
of,  21,  54,  23,  445,  24,  1021; 
Holy  Alliance  interferes  with,  23, 
446;  the  United  States  of  Colom- 
bia (1824-1876),  21,  77;  the  United 
States  of  Venezuela  (1829-1876), 
94;  the  Republic  of  Ecuador  (1831- 
1876),  105;  the  Argentine  Republic 
(1820-1876),  118;  the  Republic  of 
Uruguay  (1828-1876),  137;  the  Re- 
public of  Paraguay  (1811-1876), 
146;  the  Empire  of  Brazil  (1808- 
1876),  162;  Bolivar  and  Bolivia 
(1825-1876),    181;    Peru    (1825-1876), 


192;  Chili  (1825-1876),  215;  the 
Andine  States  and  Venezuela 
(1876-1906),  233;  Brazil  (1876- 
1906),  248;  the  states  of  the  La  Plata 
(1876-1906),  256;  boundary  disputes 
(1890-1906),  261;  conclusion,  266; 
the  future,  328;  condition  of  black 
race  in  republics  of,  23,  469 

South  Australia:  organized  (1829), 
20,  190;  ratifies  the  new  Constitu- 
tion (1899),  206 

South  Carolina,  a  state  of  the  United 
States,  called  the  Palmetto  State: 
settlement  of  Port  Royal,  23,  47; 
colony  planted  in,  74;  united  with 
North  Carolina,  74;  made  a  royal 
province,  75;  first  permanent  set- 
tlement, 75;  Scotch-Irish  settle  in, 
127;  slave  code,  129;  the  cultivation 
of  rice,  137;  the  cultivation  of  in- 
digo, 137;  colonial  newspapers, 
144;  colonial  suffrage  laws,  148; 
Church  of  England  established, 
149;  sends  supplies  to  Boston,  222; 
refuses  to  surrender  power  of  reg- 
ulating commerce,  311;  fails  to  pay 
her  share  of  national  government 
expenses  (1781),  313;  chooses  dele- 
gates for  constitutional  convention, 
323;  ratifies  the  Constitution,  336; 
favors  financial  plans  of  Hamilton, 
350;  denounces  protective  tariff, 
458,  472,  493;  ordinance  of  nullifica- 
tion passed,  493;  test  oath  for  pub- 
lic office,  494;  not  represented  in 
second  Democratic  national  con- 
vention, 509;  delegates  oppose 
slavery  cause  in  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence, 24,  563;  abolition  lit- 
erature taken  from  the  mails  at 
Charleston,  576;  opposition  to  com- 
promise measures  (1850),  610,  617; 
delegates  withdraw  from  Demo- 
cratic convention  (i860),  679;  se- 
cession, 684;  Confederates  seize 
Forts  Pinckney,  Moultrie,  and  Sum- 
ter, 691;  appoints  commissioners  to 
negotiate  for  delivery  of  govern- 
ment property  to  State  authorities, 
703;  indignation  over  Major  Ander- 
son's occupation  of  Fort  Sumter, 
703;  takes  possession  of  Fort  Moul- 
trie,   704;    legislature    approves    ac- 


658 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


tion  of  troops  who  fired  on  the 
"Star  of  the  West,"  705;  Sherman's 
march  through,  806;  loss  of  mili- 
tary population,  824;  efforts  to- 
wards Reconstruction  in,  864;  ne- 
groes enfranchised  in,  873;  Presi- 
dential election  of  1876  in,  910;  col- 
lapse of  the  "  negro  carpet  bag " 
governments,  915 

South  Carolina  Exposition,  name 
given  to  Calhoun's  statement  of 
nullification,  23,  491 

South  Church,  Old:  see  Old  South 
Meeting  House 

South  Dakota,  a  State  of  the  United 
States:  part  of  Northwest  Terri- 
tory, 23,  631;  admitted  to  the 
Union,  24,  985;  Presidential  elec- 
tion of  1892,  993;  Presidential  elec- 
tion of  1900,  1040 

South  Mountain,  Battle  of:  see 
Boonsboro,  Battle  of 

South  Sea:  see  Pacific  Ocean 

South  Sea  Company,  a  company 
formed  in  England  to  trade  with 
Spanish  America,   II,  473,  20,   103 

South  Sea  Company  of  Sweden,  a 
company  formed  by  Gustavus 
Adolphus  (1624):  founds  settle- 
ments in  Delaware,  23,  108;  aban- 
dons  settlements   on  Delaware,   103 

Southampton,  England:  burned  by  the 
French  (1340),  11,  160 

Southampton  County,  Virginia:  slave 
uprising,  24,  575 

Southern  Gentlemen:  see  Gentlemen, 
Southern 

Southern  Pacific  Railroad:  Gadsden 
Treaty,  24,  641 

Southland,  New  Zealand:  formed,  20 
213 

Southwark,  England:  burned  by  Wil- 
liam the  Conqueror,  11,  67 

Southwold:  see  Solebay 

Souza-Holstein,  Pedro  de:  see  Pal- 
mella,  Duke  of 

Soyeshima  Taneomi  (19th  century), 
Japanese  councilor:  counsels  war 
with  Korea,  7,  178 

Sozopetra,  Asia  Minor:  siege  of  (ca. 
840  A.  D.),  1,  357 

Spafield's  Riot,  a  disturbance  in  Lon- 
don  (1816),  11,  570 


Spain,  kingdom  of  Europe:  early  his- 
tory of,  8,  3;  in  relation  to  yEgean 
civilization,  2,  22;  the  Romans  in 
Spain,  3,  127,  136,  8,  16;  political 
and  religious  state  under  the  Ro- 
mans, 3,  161,  8,  28;  submits  to  Sul- 
lan  officers,  3,  228;  receives  the 
Latin  rights,  4,  81;  overrun  by  bar- 
barians, 139;  history  of  the  Goths, 
8,  35;  Goths  found  kingdom  in,  4, 
145;  condition  of  the  people  under 
the  Goths,  8,  53;  Arabs  conquer,  1, 
314,  14,  4;  dominion  of  the  Arabs, 
1,  320,  8,  63;  the  Asturias,  Leon 
and  Castile,  8,  129;  Counts  of  Bar- 
celonia,  218;  kingdom  of  Navarre, 
194;  dominion  of  the  Africans,  85; 
kingdom  of  Aragon,  230;  kingdom 
of  Granada,  104;  struggle  of  Chris- 
tians and  Moors  in,  14,  33;  expulsion 
of  Jews  (1492),  1,  418;  the  house  of 
Austria,  339;  union  of  kingdoms  of, 
14,  143;  discoveries  and  conquests, 
144;  the  house  of  Bourbon,  8,  386; 
general  condition  of  the  monarchy, 
421;  events  of  the  critical  era  to 
the  close  of  the  first  Carlist  War, 
479;  Pinckney's  treaty  with,  23, 
364;  cedes  Louisiana  to  France, 
395;  invasion  of,  10,  474;  boundary 
dispute  with  the  United  States,  23, 
443;  cedes  Florida,  444;  last  years 
of  Maria  Christina  and  the  era  of 
Queen  Isabella  II,  8,  499;  leads 
movement  to  restore  Pius  IX  to 
the  Pontifical  throne,  4,  367;  in 
joint  intervention  against  Mexico, 
24,  876;  the  brief  reign  of  Amadeus, 
and  the  Bourbon  restoration,  8, 
510;  Cuban  insurrection  (1868),  24, 
887;  concludes  treaty  with  Japan, 
7,  189;  decline  of  her  power  in  the 
Western  Hemisphere,  24,  1021;  ar- 
bitration treaty  with  United  States, 
1076;  present  African  possessions 
of,  19,  247 

Spalato  (Spalatro)  Dalmatia:  made 
metropolis  of  Croatia,  17,  22 

Spalato,  Council  of,  a  council  held  to 
combat  the   Slav  liturgy,   17,  38 

Spandau,  Prussia:  occupied  by  Gus- 
tavus Adolphus  (1632),  18,  279; 
surrender  of  (1806),  372 


GENERAL    INDEX 


659 


Spanden,    Prussia:    battle    of    (1807), 

9,  33 1 

Spanish-American  Colonies:  extent 
23,  43;  government,  43;  education, 
45;  commerce  and  trade,  45 

Spanish-American  War,  a  war  waged 
between  Spain  and  the  United 
States   in    1898:    causes,   8,   519,   20, 

328,  22,  458,  24,  1022;  Congress  au- 
thorizes President  to  interfere  in 
Cuba,  24,  1025;  first  shot  fired,  22, 
458,  24,  1026;  President  calls  for 
troops,  24,  1026;  battle  of  Manila 
Bay  (1898),  8,  520,  22,  458,  24,  1028; 
surrender  of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  20, 

329,  22,  460,  24,  1030;  conquest  of 
Porto  Rico,  24,  1030;  protocol 
signed,  20,  329,  22,  462,  24,  1031; 
treaty  of  peace  signed,  8,  520,  24, 
1032 

Spanish  Armada:  see  Armada,  Span- 
ish 

Spanish  Blanks,  The,  blank  papers, 
signed  by  English  nobles,  seized  on 
the  person  of  George  Kerr  as  he 
was  leaving  the  coast  of  Scotland 
(1592),  12,  327 

Spanish  Era,  began  38  B.  C,  8,  24 

Spanish  Fury,  The,  a  name  given  to 
the  sack  of  Antwerp  by  Spanish 
troops  (1576),  13,  122 

Spanish  Main,  Three  Old  Ports  of, 
21,  318 

Spanish    Marriages,    The    (1846),    9, 

425 

Spanish  Succession,  War  of:  see  Suc- 
cession, War  of  the   Spanish 

Sparre,  General  (17th  century), 
Swedish  general:  at  the  siege  of 
Copenhagen,  16,  209 

Sparre  Erik  (16th  century),  Swedish 
statesman:  the  punishment  of,  16, 
166 

Sparta,  southern  Greece:  geography 
of,  2,  16,  17;  early  state  of,  61;  dis- 
cipline of,  ascribed  to  Lycurgus, 
66;  supremacy  of,  70;  struggle  with 
Argos,  74;  allied  to  Croesus,  123; 
refuses  to  aid  Ionia,  134;  expels 
Cleisthenes,  141;  at  war  with  Argos, 
156;  sends  troops  too  late  for  Mara- 
thon, 170;  sends  Leonidas  to  Ther- 
mopylae,   186;   troops  of,   at  Plata.ia, 


209;  attacked  by  revolted  Helots, 
246;  subdues  Helots,  246;  at  war 
with  Athens,  247;  makes  peace, 
249;  support  the  Corinthians 
against  Athens,  271;  resources  of, 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  Pelopon- 
nesian  war,  274;  supremacy  of,  379; 
after  battle  of  Leuctra,  436;  at- 
tacked by  Epaminondas,  448;  con- 
tinues war  with  Messene,  451; 
makes  war  on  Megalopolis,  453; 
aids  the  Phocians,  462;  attacked 
by  troops  of  Philip,  470;  refuses  to 
submit  to  Philip,  479;  opposes  Alex- 
ander, 485,  491,  506;  joins  Achaean 
League,  516;  attempts  to  regain  su- 
premacy, 517;  end  of  monarchy  in, 
517;  dispute  with  Aratus,  3,  138 

Spartacus  (d.  71  B.  C),  Thracian 
gladiator:  leader  of  Gladiators 
War,  3,  261;  defeated,  262 

Spasski,  Peter:  see  Photius 

Spauro,  Count,  Bavarian  statesman: 
aids  Pius  IX  to  escape  from  Rome, 
4,  365 

Special  legislation:  evil  of,  shown  by 
Jackson,  23,  489 

Speckbacher  (early  19th  century), 
Tyrolese  leader:  mentioned,  17, 
297 

Speckled  Book,  an  ancient  Irish  re- 
ligious book:  account  of,  12,  7 

"Speedwell,"  English  vessel:  carries 
Pilgrims  from  Leyden,  23,  84 

Speke  (19th  century),  African  explor- 
er; arouses  an  interest  in  Africa,  19, 

59 

Spencer  (early  17th  century),  English 
statesman:  represents  England  at 
the  Hague  peace  commission 
(1607),  13,   186 

Spencer,  Charles:  see  Sunderland, 
Earl  of 

Spencer,  John  Charles,  3rd  Earl  Spen- 
cer, Lord  Althorpe  (1782-1845), 
English  statesman:  member  of 
Grey's  ministry,  II,  586 

Spener,  Philipp  Jakob  (17th  century), 
German  religious  writer:  account 
of,  1 8,   308 

Spenser,  Edmund  (1552-1599),  Eng- 
lish poet:  sketch  of,  11,  302;  lives 
in  Ireland,  12,  93 


660 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Speranski,  Count  Michael  (1772- 
1839),  Russian  statesman:  banish- 
ment of,  15,  264;  draws  up  procla- 
mation, 271 

Spey,  Scotland:  battle  of  (1690),  12, 

353 

Speyer    (Speier,    Spire,    Speres),    Ba- 

.  varian  town:  a  member  of  the 
Union  of  Rhenish  Cities,  18,  174; 
taken  by  the  French  (1792),  356 

Speyer  (Spires),  Diet  of,  a  council 
called  by  Ferdinand  of  Austria  to 
take  part  against  the  Turks  (1529) : 
account  of,  18,  246 

Sphacteria  (Pylos),  Greece:  block- 
aded, 2,  303;  captured,  307 

Sphinx  of  Gizeh,  The,  Egypt:  mate- 
rial of,  1,  8 

Sphitridates  (4th  century),  Persian 
satrap:  mentioned,  2,  489 

Sphodrias  (4th  century  B.  C.)i  Spar- 
tan officer:  attempts  to  seize  Ath- 
ens, 2,  428 

Spiaguine  (d.  1902),  Russian  minister 
of  the  interior:  assassination  bf, 
15,  356 

Spicheren,  Germany:  battle  of, 
(1870),   18,  421 

Spinola,  Ambrose  (1570-1630),  Italian 
soldier  in  the  service  of  Spain:  ca- 
reer of,  13,  177;  his  campaign  in 
the  palatinate,  13,  203;  member  of 
peace  commission,  13,  186 

Spinola,  Frederick  (d.  1603),  Italian 
scholar:  career  of,  13,  177 

Spires,  see  Speyer 

Spiridov,  Admiral  (late  18th  century), 
Russian  naval  officer:  at  the  battle 
of  Tchesme,  15,  178 

Spitzbergen,  Arctic  regions:  discov- 
ered,  13,   167 

Splitter,  The  Rail:  see  Lincoln,  Abra- 
ham 

Spoils  System,  in  American  politics: 
introduced  by  Jefferson,  23,  391; 
development  of,  24,  937 

Spooner  Act,  authorizing  the  pur- 
chase of  the  property  and  fran- 
chises of  the  Panama  Company 
(1901),  20,  319,  24,  1058 

Sports : 

DENMARK:    knightly    accomplish- 
ments,  16,  74 


ENGLAND:    New    Forest,    n,   78; 
tournaments    of    Edward    III,    163; 
"  Declaration  of  Sports,"  330 
EGYPT,  pictures  of  a  hunt  on  walls 
of  a  tomb,  1,  16 

GERMANY:  tournaments,  18,  107 
GREECE:  Olympian  games,  2,  42 
IRELAND:  horse  races  and  games, 
12,   14 

JAPAN:  hunting  and  fishing,  7,  8; 
outdoor,  45;  encouragement  of, 
146 

NETHERLANDS:  archery,  13,  61 
PERSIA:  early  methods  of  hunt- 
ing, 1,  180 

ROME:  gladiatorial  combats,  3, 
61,  382 

SPAIN:  bull-fights,  8,  5 
SWEDEN:     of    Charles    XII,     16, 
214 

SWITZERLAND:  shooting  match- 
es,  13,  429,  530 

TURKEY:       falconry,       14,       28; 
Bayezid's  hunting,  49 
UNITED  STATES:  Indian 

gam«s,  23,  16;  disapproval  of  the 
congress  of  1774,  224 

Spot  Resolutions,  affirming  that  the 
first  blood  of  the  Mexican  War 
was  shed  not  upon  American  but 
upon  Mexican  soil:  introduced  by 
Lincoln,  24,  666 

Spottiswood,  John  (1565-1639),  Bish- 
op of  Glasgow:  consecrated,  12, 
332 

Spottswood,  Alexander  (1676-1740), 
colonial  governor  of  Virginia,  1710- 
1722:  account  of,  23,  66 

Spottsylvania  Court  House,  Virginia: 
battle  of  (1864),  24,  789 

Spring  Hill,  Tennessee:  battle  of 
(1864),  24,  803 

Springfield,  Illinois:  Lincoln  removes 
to,  24,  666;  Populist  Party  conven- 
tion at,   1067 

Spurinna  (1st  century  B.  C.)»  Roman 
augur;  attempts  to  warn  Caesar, 
4,  5 

Spurs,  Battle  of  the:  see  Courtray: 
Battle  of  (1302);  see  also  Guine- 
gate:  Battle  of  (1513) 

Spytihnev  I,  King  of  Bohemia,  894- 
912:   reign  of,  17,  62 


GENERAL    INDEX 


661 


Spytihnev  II  (d.  1061),  Prince  of 
Bohemia:  reign  of,  17,  64 

Squanto,  New  England  Indian:  in- 
structs Pilgrims  in  agriculture,  23, 
85;  negotiates  treaty  with  Massa- 
soit,    85 

Squatter  Sovereignty,  name  derisively 
applied  to  Douglas's  doctrine  of 
"  popular  sovereignty "  by  which 
the  question  of  slavery  in  new 
States  was  left  to  the  inhabitants 
without  congressional  interference, 
24,  618,  647 

Staal,  Baron  de  (late  19th  century), 
Russian  statesman:  presides  at  The 
Hague,  15,  35i 

Stadek,  Rudolf  von:  see  Rudolf  von 
Stadek 

Stadion,  Count  Franz  Seraph  (1806- 
1853),  Austrian  statesman:  his  ad- 
ministration as  governor  of  Ga- 
licia,  17,  347;  his  policy  during  the 
revolution  of  1848,  366;  made  min- 
ister of  internal  affairs,  2>7T,  be- 
comes insane,  380 

Stadion,  Count  Johann  Philipp  Karl 
Joseph  von  (1763-1824),  Austrian 
statesman:  made  minister  of  fi- 
nance, 17,  328;  ministry  of,  18,  375, 

378 

Stsdtlohn,  Germany:  battle  of  (1623), 
18,  273 

Stael-Holstein,  Anne  Louise  Ger- 
maine  Necker,  Baronne  de 
(Madame  de  Stael)  (1766-1817),  a 
French  writer:  leads  constitutional 
party,  9,  358 

Staempfli,  Jacob  (1820-1879),  Swiss 
politician:  in  Geneva  commission, 
24,  885 

Staff arde,  Italy:  battle  of  (1690),  4 
326,  9,  218 

Stafford,  Henry,  Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham: see  Buckingham,  Henry  Staf- 
ford, Duke  of 

Stagnelius,  Erik  Johan  (1793-1823),  a 
Swedish  poet:  sketch  of,  16,  264 

Stahremberg,  Count  Ernest  Rudiger 
(1635-1701),  an  Austrian  field-mar- 
shal: in  siege  of  Vienna  (1683),  14, 
248,   17,   184,   18,  303 

Stair,  John  Dalrymple,  Earl  of  (1619- 
I695),  a  Scottish  lawyer  and  states- 


man: negotiates  treaty  with 
France,  9,  228;  in  the  War  of  the 
Austrian  Succession,  238 

Stakelberg,  a  contemporary  Russian 
general:  defeated  by  Oku,  15,  361; 
his  services  in  the  Russo-Japanese 
War,  7,  310 

Stalder  (early  19th  century),  a  Swiss 
clergyman:  sketch  of,  13,  521 

"Stalwarts,"  The,  in  United  States 
history,  a  faction  in  the  Republican 
party:  Guiteau,  a  member  of,  24, 
935;  accession  to  power,  935 

Stambulov  (Stambuloff),  Stephen 
(1853-1895),  a  Bulgarian  liberal 
politician:  career  of,  15,  333;  his 
anti-Russian  policy,  342;  a  member 
of  the  regency,  344;  ministry  of, 
14,  495 

Stamford,  England:  battle  of  (1470), 
11,  216 

Stamford  Bridge,  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land: battle  of  (1066),  11,  66 

Stamp  Act,  a  British  measure  of  tax- 
ation imposed  on  the  American 
colonies  (1765):  general  treatment, 
11,  509,  20,  127;  proposed,  23,  207; 
passed  (1765),  210;  opposition  to, 
in  America,  211;  opposition  to,  in 
England,  212;  repealed,  214 

Stampfli,  Jakob  (1820-1879),  a  Swiss 
liberal  politician:  at  the  head  of 
the   government   of   Berne,    13,   563 

Standard,  Battle  of  the,  a  victory 
gained  by  the  English  over  the 
Scots  under  King  David  (1138),  11 
93,  12,  264 

Standard  Oil  Trust,  an  industrial  com- 
bination in  the  United  States:  char- 
acter of,  24,.  971 

Stangebro,  Sweden:  battle  of  (1598), 
16,  170 

Stanhope,  James,  Earl  Stanhope 
(1673-1721),  an  English  general  and 
politician:  becomes  head  of  the  gov- 
ernment, 11,  472;  death  of,  474 

Stanislaus  (I)  Leczinski  (1677-1766), 
King  of  Poland,  1704-1709:  acces- 
sion of,  15,  46,  16,  217,  18,  317;  ca- 
reer of,  18,  317,  323;  reign  of,  15, 
381;  his  relations  with  Mazeppa,  47, 
50;  deposed,  55;  retires  to  Deux 
Ponts,  62;  reelected  to  the  throne, 


662 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


118;  receives  Lorraine,  120;  death 
of,  119 

Stanislaus  (II)  Augustus  (Poniatow- 
ski)  (1732-1798),  King  of  Poland, 
1764-1795:  accession  of,  14,  321,  18, 
345 ;  reign  of,  15,  173,  382;  resists 
the  partition  of  Poland,  189;  resigns 
the  crown,  191 

Stanley,  Edward  Geoffrey  Smith,  14th 
Earl  of  Derby  (1799-1869),  an  Eng- 
lish statesman;  his  Irish  policy,  II, 
591;  abolishes  slavery,  592;  member 
of  Peel  ministry,  602;  becomes  head 
of  Protectionists,  606;  first  minis- 
try of,  609;  second  ministry  of,  621; 
third  ministry  of,  624 

Stanley,  Edward  Henry  Smith,  15th 
Earl  of  Derby  (1826-1893),  an  Eng- 
lish statesman:  opposes  settlement 
of  Alabama  claims,  24,  882 

Stanley,  Henry  Morton  (originally 
John  Rowlands)  (1841-1904),  an  Af- 
rican explorer:  explorations  of,  19, 
52;  influence  of  his  explorations,  59; 
goes  to  the  relief  of  Emin  Pasha, 
138;  his  faith  in  the  Cape  to  Cairo 
Railroad,  230 

Stanley,  Sir  William  (d.  1495),  an 
English  soldier:  death,  II,  227 

Stanley,  William  (late  16th  century), 
an  English  governor  in  the  Nether- 
lands: treachery  of,  13,   152 

Stans,  Covenant  of,  a  covenant  among 
the  Swiss  states  (1478),  13,  412 

Stanton,  Edwin  McMasters  (1814- 
1869),  an  American  statesman  and 
jurist:  alarm  over  victories  of  "  Mer- 
rimac,"  24,  755;  aids  governor  of 
Indiana,  818;  announces  Lincoln's 
death,  827;  quarrel  with  President 
Johnson,  850;  prepares  veto  message 
for  Tenure  of  Office  Act,  853;  re- 
signs as  Secretary  of  War,  855;  ap- 
pointed justice  of  Supreme  Court, 
855;  his  removal  causes  breach  be- 
tween Johnson  and  Grant,  861 

Stanwix,  Fort,  New  York:  British  at- 
tempt to  capture,  23,   254 

Stapel,  Richard  (late  16th  century), 
an  English  merchant:  sent  to  Con- 
stantinople, 14,  202;  promotes  the 
English  East  India  Company,  5,  158 


Stapfer  (late  18th  century),  a  Swiss 
malcontent:  banished,   13,  505 

Stapfer,  Albrecht  (late  18th  century), 
a  Swiss  educator  and  statesman: 
service  of,   13,  514 

Star  Chamber,  Court  of,  in  English 
history,  a  court  of  civil  and  crim- 
inal jurisdiction  at  Westminster,  11, 
225 

Star  of  Reformation,  The  Morning: 
see  Wy cliff e,  John 

Star  of  the  North,  The:  see  Gustavus 
(II)   Adolphus,  King  of  Sweden 

"Star  of  the  West,"  a  United  States 
steamship:  sent  to  Charleston,  24, 
704 

"  Star  Route "  Frauds,  frauds  in  the 
United  States  postal  service:  ac- 
count of,  24,  936 

"Star  Spangled  Banner,"  a  patriotic 
song  in  the  United  States:  written, 

23,  427 
Star  State,  The  Lone:  see  Texas 
Starhemberg,  Count:  see  Stahremberg 
Stark,  John,  an  American  general  of 
the  Revolution:  born  at  London- 
derry, New  Hampshire,  August  28, 
1728;  he  served  with  distinction  in 
the  war  against  the  French  in  1754, 
and  fought  at  Bunker  Hill,  Trenton, 
and  Princeton;  in  August,  1777,  he 
gained  a  signal  victory  over  the 
British  at  Bennington  for  which  he 
was  made  a  brigadier-general  and 
received  the  thanks  of  Congress;  he 
joined  the  army  of  General  Gates 
in  September,  1777,  served  in  Rhode 
Island  in  1779,  and  in  New  Jersey 
in  1780;  he  had  the  command  of 
the  Northern  Department,  with  his 
headquarters  at  Saratoga,  in  1781; 
died  at  Manchester,  N.  H,  May  8, 
1822 

Serves  in  expedition  against  Ti- 
conderoga,  23,  189;  joins  troops  at 
Boston,  228;  estimate  of,  234;  de- 
feats British  at  Bennington,  253; 
made  brigadier-general,  253 
"  Starving-time "  at  Jamestown,  an 
event  in  early  American  history: 
account  of,  23,  60 
State,   Department   of,   a   department 


GENERAL    INDEX 


663 


of   the   United   States    government: 
organized,  23,  344 

State  Banks,  banks  in  the  United 
States:  government  deposits  in,  un- 
der Jackson,  23,  503 

States,  political  divisions  of  the 
United  States:  powers  limited  in 
Constitution,  23,  33i;  power  of 
Congress  to  impose  conditions  on 
admission  of,  452 

States  Rights,  the  rights  of  the  individ- 
ual states  as  opposed  to  the  United 
States  government:  in  Washing- 
ton's administration,  23,  367;  reac- 
tion in  favor  of,  379;  agitated  in 
War  of  1812,  432;  in  decisions  of 
Supreme  Court,  440;  sovereignty- 
maintained  by  Georgia,  471;  Jack- 
son's sympathy  with,  488 

States-General,  the  legislative  assem- 
blies in  France  before  the  revolu- 
tion of  1789:  establishment  of,  10, 
41;  conduct  of,  on  the  departure  of 
the  king,  137;  commissions  Mont- 
morin  to  inform  the  European  pow- 
ers of  their  pacific  intentions,  137; 
orders  arrest  of  anyone  leaving  the 
kingdom,  138;  question  of  the  king's 
trial,  140;  closed  by  the  king,  146 

Statilius,  Lucius  (1st  century  B.  C),  a 
Roman  conspirator:  arrested,  3,  283 

Statira,  the  wife  of  Alexander  the 
-Great:  death  of,  2,  511,  544 

Statistical  Survey  of  India:  organized, 
5,  250 

Statutes,  Charters,  and  Codes: 
B.  C. 
ca.    2250.     Code   of   Hammurabi,    1, 

112 
ca.   625.     Lombard   Code,  4,   168 
621.     Code  of  Draco,  2,  100 
451.     The  Twelve  Tables,  3,  44 
A.  D. 

100-500.     Code  of  Manu,  5,  49 
438.     Theodosian  Code,  9,  23 
500.     Code  of  Yaj-Navalkya,  5,  49 
511.     Salic  Law,  9,  23,  90 
ca.  511.     Loi  Gombette,  9,  23 
ca.  511.     Code     of     the     Ripuarian 

Franks,  9,  23 
529.     Justinian  Code,  9,  82,  18,   150 
701.     Taiho    Code,   7,   22,   30 
928.     Icelandic    Code,    16,   47 


Statutes,   Charters,  and  Codes,  cont. : 
1166.     Assize  of  Clarendon,  II,  118 
1181.     Assize  of  Arms,  II,  108 
1212.     Municipal  code  of  the  towns 

of  Enns,  17,  95 
1215.     Magna  Carta,  9,  77,  II,   127, 

130,    149 

1221.  Code  granted  to  Vienna,  17, 
96 

1222.  Golden  Bull,  17,  56,  116 
1241.     Jutish  code,  16,  89 

1258.     Provisions  of  Oxford,  II,  138 
1271.     Norse   Code,  16,  299 

1278.  Charter    given    to    Nicholas 
III,  4,  220 

1279.  Statute   De    Religiosis    (Stat- 
ute of  Mortmain),  n,  145,  183 

1290.     Statute    Quia    Emptores,    n, 

145 
1295.     Swedish    code    of    laws,    16, 

106 
1319.     Charter     of     Denmark,      16, 

113 
1349.     Statute  of  Labours,  II,  163 

1351.  Statute  of  Provisors,  11,  168, 
183 

1352.  Statute  of  Treasons,   11,   164 
J3S3-     Statute     of     Praemunire,    n, 

169,    183 
1364.     Statute   of  Kilkenny,    12,  64, 

74 
1370.     "  Priests'  Charter,"  13,  387 
1390.     Statute     prohibiting     mainte- 
nance, 11,  183 
1397-     Calmar    Act    of    Union,     16, 

122,   132 
1401.     Statute  Dehaeretico  Combur- 

endo,  11,  192 
1416.     "  Statuta  Subandiaen,"  4,  277 
1424.     Beginning  of  statute  law,  12, 

293 
1436.     Compactata,  17,  144,  146 
1453.     Charter       granted       to      the 
Greeks   of  Constantinople,   14,  81 
1465.     Acts  passed  by  Irish  Parlia- 
ment, 12,  71 
1489.     Charters    of   Waldmann,    13, 

467 
1494.     Poyning's   Law,   11,  227,   12, 

74 
ca.   1520.     Kanuni  Raya,  14,   186 
IS3I-     "  Charter  of  Kappel,"  13,  445 
1532.     Act  of  Annates,  11,  250 


664 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Statutes,  Charters,  and  Codes,  cont.: 

1533.  Act  of  Appeals,  11,  250 

1534.  Act  concerning   condition  of 
the  clergy,   II,  252 

1534.     Act  concerning  Peter's  pence, 

II,  252 
1534.     Act  of  Succession,  II,  254 
1534.     Act  of  Supremacy,  II,  254 
1534.     Act  of  Treasons,  11,  254 
1534.     Second      Act      of      Annates, 

11,  252 

1536.     Act  of  Succession,  11,  256 
1539-     Statute    of    Six    Articles,    11, 

259 
1539.     Acts  of  Henry  VIII,  11,  260 
1544.     Act  of  Succession,  11,  262 
1547.     Act  concerning  Chantries,  11, 

266 
1551.     Acts    of    Parliament    to    An- 
glicize  the   Irish,    12,   85 
1554.     Statutes  against  heretics,  11, 

271 
1559.     Act    of    Supremacy,    11,    275, 

12,  86,  108 

T559-     Act   of    Uniformity,    II,   275, 

12,   86,   108,   130 
1579-     "  Union  of  Utrecht,"  13,  133 
1581.     Recusancy  laws,  11,  292 
1585.     Act  of  Banishment,  11,  293 
!593-     Act    against    Separatists,    11, 

301 
1600.     Charter  of  East  India  Com- 
pany,  5,   158,   11,  501 
1606.     Charter      for      the      London 
and  the  Plymouth  Companies,  23, 
56 
1618.     "  Great   Charter   or   Commis- 
sions   of    Privileges,    Orders,    and 
Laws,"  23,  61 
1621.     Dutch  West  India  Company 
Charter,  23,  102 

1628.  Petition  of  Right,  11,  324 

1629.  Charter     for     Massachusetts 
Bay  Colony,  23,  87 

1629.     Code   of   French  law,  9,   185 

1640.  Triennial  Act,  11,  337,  385 

1641.  Acts   stripping   crown   of   ex- 
traordinary  powers,   11,  339 

1641.     "  Body   of   Liberties,"   23,   89 
1643.     Charters  of  Rhode  Island,  23, 

94 
1648.     Act  of  Classes,   12,  341 


1649.     Code  of  Laws,  15,  71 

1649.     Toleration   Act,   12,   372,  23, 

71 
1649.     Ulozhenie,  15,   181 
1651-1696.     Act    of    Navigation,    11, 

364,   609,    12,   344,   20,   22,    70,   78, 

128,    163,   23,   66,   67,   72,   99,    104, 

202,  204,  205 
1653.     Reform  Bill,  II,  365 

1659.  Act    Rescissory,    12,   344 

1660.  Act  of  Indemnity,  11,  381 

1661.  Corporation  Act,  11,  382,  583 

1661.  Act  of  Settlement,  11,  390 

1662.  Act  of  Indemnity,  12,  345 

1662.  Act  of  Uniformity,  11,  382 

1663.  Charter  of  Rhode  Island,  23, 

94 

1663.  1665.     Charters   of   the    Caro- 
linas,  23,  73 

1663-1699.     Acts  against  Irish  com- 
merce, 12,  165,  167 

1664.  Conventicle   Act,   11,   385 

1665.  Five  Mile  Act,  11,  387 
1670.     Conventicle  Act,  11,  394 
1673,     Act   prohibiting    colonial    ex- 
portation, 23,  203 

1673.     Test   Act,   11,   399,   423,   4/2, 
583,  12,  181 

1679.  Habeas  Corpus  Act,  11,  407 
571,  12,  206 

1680.  Cohabitation  Act,  23,  155 
1685.     Code   Noir,   20,   75 

1689.  Toleration    Act,    11,   435 

1689.  Act    of    Settlement    repealed, 

12,  135 

1689.  Mutiny  Act,  II,  435,  12,   185 

1690.  Act  of  Grace,  11,  438 

1694.  Triennial    Act,    11,    442 

1695.  Penal   Code,   12,  158 
1701.     Act  of  Settlement,  11,  448 

1703.  Act  of  Security,  11,  457,  12, 
356 

1704.  Act  against  dissenters,  South 
Carolina,  23,  78 

1711.     Occasional    Conformity    Bill, 
11,  463,  472 

1713.  Pragmatic   Sanction,   17,   191, 
215,  253,  18,  319 

1714.  Schism  Act,  II,  466,  472,  12, 
161 

ca.   1716.     Criminal   Code  of  Japan, 
7,    145 


GENERAL    INDEX 


665 


Statutes,  Charters,  and   Codes,  cont.: 
1716.     Septennial  Act,  11,  470 

1719.  "  The  Sixth  of  George  I," 
12,   171 

1720.  Swedish  charter,  16,  243 
1731.     Swedish     East     India     Com- 
pany; 5,   175 

1733.  British  Sugar  Act,  23,  135, 
203 

1765.  Stamp  Act,  ix,  208,  210,  509 

1766.  Code  of  Catherine  the  Great, 
15,  181 

1766.  Declaratory  Act,  II,  509,  23, 
214 

1767.  Act  imposing  import  duties 
on  America,  II,  510 

1767.     Octennial  Bill,  12,  177 
1767.     Townshend  Acts,  23,  215 
ca.    1768.     Pacta   Conventa,    15,   382 

1773-  Regulating  Act,  11,  526 
1774.     Boston  Port  Act,  23,  220 

1774-  Quartering  Act,  23,  221 

1774-  Quebec  Act,  20,  151,  23,  221 
1774.  Regulating  Act,  23,  220,  226 
1774.     Transportation    Act,    23,    221 

1775-  Charter  to  Russian  nobles, 
15,  181 

1781  and  1783.  East  India  Com- 
pany,  charter  renewed,  5,  239 

1782.  Economical  Reform  Bill,  11, 
522 

1782.     Act  of  Repeal,  12,    188 

1782.  Acts  for  the  relief  of  Cath- 
olics in  Ireland,  12,  187 

1783.  Act  of  Renunciation,  12,  189 
1789.     Tariff  Act,  23,  347 

1789.     Judiciary  Act,  23,  389 

I793-     Act    against    foreigners,    II, 

542 
!793-     Convention  Act,   12,  201 
!793-     Fugitive   Slave   Law,   24,  567 
J793-     Gunpowder  Act,  12,  201 
1793.     Law  of  Maximum,  9,  286,  10, 

426 
1793-     Treasonable    Correspondence 

Act,  11,  542 

1795.  Military  code  of  France,  10, 
342 

1796.  Insurrection   Act,    12,   207 
1798.     Naturalization    Act,    23,    376, 

392 
1798.     Alien  and  Sedition  Acts,  23, 
377,  379 


1800.  Act  of  Union,  II,  550,  12,225 

1801.  Act  of  Union,   12,  217 
1801.  Civil  code  of  France,  9,  319 
1803.  Act  of  Mediation,  9,  320,  13, 

519 

1803.  Penal  code  of  Austria-Hun- 
gary, 17,  303 

1804.  Code  of  Napoleon,  11,  555, 
13,  271 

1807.     Embargo  Act,  23,  410 
1809.     Of  Alexander  I,  15,  217 
1809.     Non-Intercourse  Act,  23,  411 
1809.     Swedish  charter,  16,  252 
181 1.     Civil    code    of    Austria-Hun- 
gary, 17,  303 
181 1.     Code-Henri,   22,  495 

1813.  East  India  Company's  char- 
ter renewed,  5,  239 

1814.  Constitutional  Charter  of 
France,  9,  356 

1815.  Act  of  Union,  16,  261,  281 
1815.     Additional  Act,  9,  361,  368 

1815.  Corn  Law,  11,  600 

1816.  Act  of  Independence  of  the 
United  Provinces  of  Rio  de  la 
Plata,  21,  70 

1816.     National    Bank    Act,    23,   439 

1816.  Tariff  Act,  23,  437 

1817.  Electoral  Law,  9,  369 

1820.  Electoral    Law,    9,    374,    398, 

459 

1821.  Plan  of  Iguala,  22,  252 

1824.  Tariff  Act,  23,  456 

1825.  Acts  for  giving  freedom  to 
labor,  11,  576 

1826.  Charter   of   Portugal,   8,   535, 

539 
1826.     Code  Rural,  22,  497 

1828.  Tariff  Act,  23,  473 

1829.  Emancipation  Act,  12,  158, 
222 

1830.  Charter  of  France,  9,  395, 
408 

1832.     British  Reform  Act,  11,  589, 

12,  377 

1832.  Tariff   Act,   23,   493 

1833.  Force  Act,  23,  496 

1834.  Poor  Law,  II,  592 

1835.  Laws  of  September,  9,  408 
1835.     Municipal    Corporations    Bill, 

11,  595 

1837.  Civil  code  of  Ecuador,  21, 
108 


666 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Statutes,  Charters,  and  Codes,  cont.: 

1837.  Penal   code   of   Ecuador,   21, 
108 

1838.  Poor    Law    for    Ireland,    11, 
596 

1838.     Tithe  Act,  11,  596 

1840.  Act  of  Union,  20,  157 

1841.  Independent     Treasury     Act, 
23,   514 

1842-1847.     Acts  for  bettered  labor 
conditions    for   women    and    chil- 
dren, 11,  603 
1843.     Arms  Act,  II,  604 
1846.     Tariff    Act,    24,    554 
1848.     Coercion  Act,  11,  607 

1848.  Encumbered  Estates  Act,  11, 
607 

1849.  Indemnity  Law,  20,  159 

1850.  Australian    Government    Act, 
20,  198 

1850.     Fugitive  Slave  Law,  24,  602, 
610,  614,  672 

1852.  Australian   Colonies  Act,   20, 
194 

1853.  East  Indian  Company,  char- 
ter renewed,  5,  240 

1854.  Kansas-Nebraska      Bill,      24, 
629,  630 

1858.  Great   Charter,   India,   5,   242 

1859.  Bengal   Tenancy  Act,   5,  244 
i860.     Penal  Code,  5,  244 

1861.     Codes   of  Civil  and  Criminal 

Procedure,  5,  244 
1861,    1862.     Confiscation    Acts,    24, 

739,  766 
1861.     Indian    Councils   Act,   5,   240 
1861.     Indian    Civil    Service   Act,    5, 

241 

1861.  Indian   High   Courts   Act,   5, 
241 

1862.  Legal  Tender  Act,  24,  819 

1863.  National   Bank  Law,  24,  820 

1864.  Law  of  the  Vilayets,  14,  472 
1866.     Civil  Rights  Act,  24,  844 

1866.  Freedman's   Bureau   Act,  24, 

844 

1867.  British  North  American  Act, 
20,    167,    174 

1867.     Reconstruction  Acts,   24,  846 

1867.  Tenure    of    Office    Act,    24, 
850,  863,  951 

1868.  Oudh  Tenancy  Act,  5,  245 


1868.  Civil    code   of   Uruguay,    21, 

145 

1868.  The   Second   Reform   Act   of 

Great  Britain,  11,  624 

1870.  Education  Act,   11,   626 

1870.  Enforcement    Act,    24,    870, 

873 

1870.  Irish   Land  Act,   11,  625 

1870.  Ku-Klux  Acts,  24,  870,  873 

1870.  Tariff  Act,  24,  939 

1871.  Civil  Service  Act,  24,  938 

1871.  Rivet- Vitet  Law,  9,  475 

1872.  Ballot   Act,    11,   627 

1872.  Indian  Evidence  Act,  5,  251 

1872.  Tariff  Act,  24,  939 

1873.  Demonetization  Act,  24,  899, 
922 

1874.  "  May  Laws,"   17,  412 

1875.  Resumption  Act,  24,  899 

1876.  Royal  Titles  Act,  5,  255 

1877.  Electoral     Commission     Act, 
24,  912 

1877.  Factory    Act,    13,    570 

1877.  German    criminal    code,    18, 

434 

1878.  Bland-Allison  Act,  5,  384,  24, 
922 

1878.  Vernacular  Press  Act,  5,  256 

1880.  Deccan     Agricultural     Relief 
Act,  5,  256 

1881.  Land  Act,   11,  633,  636 

1882.  Edmunds  Act,  24,  983 

1883.  Pendleton  Civil  Service  Act, 
24,  938,  95i 

1883.  Tariff    Act,    24,    939 

1884.  Reform  Act,  11,  635 

1885.  Bengal   Tenancy   Act,   5,  244 

1885.  Bengal  and  Oudh  Rent  Acts, 
5,  260 

1886.  Crimes  Act,   1 1,  636 

1886.  "Home    Rule"    Bill,    11,  '636 

1886.  Monopoly  Act,  13,  579 

1886.  Presidential    Succession    Act, 

24,  953 

1887.  Act   concerning    importation, 

13,  579 

1887.  Edmunds-Tucker      Act,      24, 

983 

1887.  United        States        Electoral 

Count   Law,  24,  954 

1887.  Interstate      Commerce     Act, 

24,  956 


GENERAL    INDEX 


667 


Statutes,   Charters,  and  Codes,  cont: 

1888.  Act  prohibiting  immigration 
of  Chinese  laborers,  24,  957 

1889.  Charter  of  British  South  Af- 
rica  Company,   19,  224 

1890.  Anti-lottery  laws,  24,  973 
1890.     "  Original  package  "  law,  24, 

972 

1890-1891.  Statutes  of  reorganiza- 
tion in  Japan,  7,   185 

1890.  Mckinley  Tariff  Law,  24, 
968 

1890.  Sherman  Anti-Trust  Act,  24, 
971 

1890.  Sherman  Silver  Purchase 
Act,  5,  384,  24,  974,  994 

1892.  Indian    Councils    Act,    5,   271 

1893.  Coinage   Act,   5,  384 

1893.  Slaughter   Act,   13,   587 

1894.  Finance  Act,   II,  637 

1894.  Wilson   Tariff   Law,   24,   995 

1895.  Accounting  law,  13,  576 

1896.  Irish  Land  Act,  11,  637 

1897.  Agricultural  Employers'  and 
Workmen's   Act,   17,   452 

1897.  German  Commercial  Code, 
18,  434 

1898.  Federal  Bankruptcy  Act,  24, 
1020 

1900.     Australian    Constitution   Act, 

20,  207 
1900.     Foraker    Act,    24,    1040 
1900.     German  civil  code,  18,  434 
1902.     Philippines  Civil  Government 

Act,  20,  319 

1902.  Spooner   Act,   24,   1058 

1903.  Elkins  Law,  24,   1052 

1904.  Universities  Act,  5,  291 

1905.  Police   Reform   Act,  5,  292 

1906.  National  Pure  Food  Law, 
24,  1082 

1906.     National      Quarantine      Law, 

24,   1082 
1906.     Railway  Rate  Bill,  24,  1082 
1906.     National      Meat      Inspection 
Law,  24,  1083 

Stavuchani,  Russia:  battle  of  (1739), 
15,  124 

Stcherbatov  (18th  century),  a  Rus- 
sian general:  in  the  Pugatchev  in- 
surrection, 15,  169 

Steady  Habits,  Land  of:  see  Connecti- 
cut 


Steamboat:  invention  of,  23,  401;  on 
western  waterways,  479 

Stearns,  George  P.  (19th  century),  an 
American  merchant:  John  Brown 
aided   by,    24,   673 

Stedinger,  a  Teutonic  people  dwelling 
along  the  lower  Weser:  extermina- 
tion of,  18,   162 

Steele's  Bayou,  Mississippi:  in  Vicks- 
burg  campaign,  24,  776 

Steen,  Johannes  Wilhelm  Christian 
(1827 ),  a  Norwegian  states- 
man: government  of,  16,  285 

Steenkirk  (Enghien),  Belgium:  battle 
of  (1692),  9,  218,  11,  440,  13,  245 

Steibrsky,  Jaboubek:  see  Stribro,  Ja- 
koubek  de 

Steiger,  Von  (late  18th  century),  a 
Swiss  politician:  leads  peace  party 
in    Berne,    13,    511 

Stein,  Heinrich  Friedrich  Karl,  Baron 
von  (1757-1831),  a  Prussian  states- 
man: forms  alliance  with  Russia,  18, 
373;  reforms  of,  374,  381 

Steinkirk:   see   Steenkirk 

Steinmetz,  Karl  Fredrich  von  (1796- 
1877),  a  Prussian  military  officer: 
in     the     Franco-Prussian     War,     9, 

463 

Stellaland,  an  ephemeral  Boer  repub- 
lic founded  in  1882:  founded,  19, 
214 

Stenay,  France:  battle  of  (1870),  9, 
464 

Stenbock  (17th  century),  a  Swedish 
general:  at  the  siege  of  Copenha- 
gen, 16,  209 

Stenbock,  Count  Magnus  von  (1664- 
1717),  a  Swedish  general:  campaign 
of,  15,  56;  defeats  the  Danes,  16, 
221;  seeks  shelter  in  Holstein,  15, 
80 

Stenkil,  King  of  Sweden,  1056-1066; 
reign  of,  16,  101 

Stephanie  (19th  century),  Princess  of 
Hohenzollern:  marries  Pedro  V  of 
Portugal    (1857),    8,    538 

Stephanus  (1st  century  A.  D.),  a  Ro- 
man steward:  assassinates  Domi- 
tian,  4,  85 

Stephen  II,  Pope,  752-757:  makes 
treaty  with  Astolphus,  4,  172;  asks 
aid  from  Pippin  I,  9,  40,  18,  76 


668 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Stephen  IV,  Pope,  816-817:  visits 
Lewis  the   Pious,   18,  90 

Stephen  II  (d.  1090),  King  of  Dal- 
matia  and  Croatia:  reign  of,  17, 
39;  death  of,  51 

Stephen  I  (1105-1154),  King  of  Eng- 
land, 1135-1154:  his  struggle  for  the 
crown,  9,  72;  accession,  11,  93;  reign 
of,  93;  struggle  with  David  of  Scot- 
land, 11,  93,  12,  263;  civil  war  of 
the  barons,  94;  quarrels  with  the 
clergy,  94;  captured  by  Matilda,  95; 
death,  96 

Stephen  (I),  Saint,  King  of  Hungary, 
997-1038:  baptism  of,  17,  46;  reign 
of,  47;  his  war  with  Albert  of  Aus- 
tria, 18,  126 

Stephen  II,  King  of  Hungary,  1114- 
1131,  called  The  Lightning  or  The 
Thunderbolt:  reign  of,   17,  53 

Stephen  III,  King  of  Hungary,  1161- 
1173:  reign  of,  17,  54 

Stephen  IV  (d.  1164),  King  of  Hun- 
gary: made   King  of  Styria,   17,   59 

Stephen  V  (or  IV),  King  of  Hun- 
gary, 1270-1272:  opposes  annexation 
of  Carinthia  and  Carniola  to  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  74 

Stephen  (I)  Dusan,  Czar  of  Servia, 
1336-1355:  account  of,  14,  32 

Stephen  (1817-1867),  Archduke  of 
Austria:  at  the  head  of  the  Bohe- 
mian government,  17,  350;  made 
palatine,  354!  resigns  as  palatine, 
370 

Stephen,  General  (late  18th  century), 
an  American  general:  at  battle  of 
Germantown,  23,  260 

Stephen,  The  Realm  cf  St.:  see  Hun- 
gary 

Stephen  Bathory:  see  Bathory,  Ste- 
phen 

Stephen  Laserovic,  King  of  Servia 
(late  14th  century),  yields  as  vassal 
to  Turkey,  14,  37;  in  battle  of  Ni- 
copolis,  42;  at  battle  of  Angora,  50; 
does  homage  to  the  King  of  Hun- 
gary, 17,  156;  death  of,  14,  60 

Stephens,  Alexander  Hamilton  (1812- 
1883),  an  American  statesman:  fa- 
thers Kansas-Nebraska  Bill,  24,  637; 
opposes   secession  of   Georgia,  688; 


Vice-President  of  Confederacy,  692; 
earlier  career,  693;  concludes  con- 
vention with  Virginia,  718;  in 
Hampton  Roads  Conference,  809 

Stephens,  James  (1824-1901),  an  Irish 
agitator:  founds  Fenian  Brother- 
hood, 12,  234 

Stephens,  Thomas  (16th  century),  an 
English  traveler:  visits  India  (1579), 
5,   156 

Stephenson,  George,  an  English  engi- 
neer and  inventor:  born  at  Wylam 
in  Northumberland,  England,  June 
9,  1781;  at  the  age  of  fourteen  he 
became  an  assistant  fireman  in  a 
colliery;  learned  to  read  and  write 
at  a  night  school;  promoted  to 
brakesman,  married  Fanny  Hender- 
son about  1802;  exercised  his  me- 
chanical skill  in  mending  clocks, 
studied  mechanics  and  acquired  a 
knowledge  of  steam-engines;  in  1812 
he  became  chief  engineer  of  Kil- 
lingworth  Colliery;  his  first  locomo- 
tive engine  was  completed  in  July, 

1814,  and  drew  eight  loaded  cars 
four  miles  an  hour;  he  made  an- 
other with  important  improvements, 
and  applied  the  steam  blast-pipe,  in 

1815,  and  soon  after  improved  the 
construction  of  the  railway;  in  1822 
he  was  employed  to  construct  a  rail- 
way from  Stockton  to  Darlington, 
which  was  opened  in  1825  and  was 
the  first  railway  made  for  public 
use;  about  1824  Mr.  Stephenson  and 
Edward  Pease,  of  Darlington,  es- 
tablished a  manufactory  of  locomo- 
tives at  Newcastle;  he  was  chief 
engineer  of  the  Liverpool  and  Man- 
chester Railway,  finished  in  1830; 
a  prize  of  500  pounds  for  the  best 
locomotive  was  awarded  to  the 
"Rocket,"  made  by  Stephenson  and 
his  son  Robert,  1830;  this  engine  is 
said  to  have  run  30  miles  an  hour; 
he  was  employed  as  engineer  of 
the  Grand  Junction  Railway,  of  that 
which  connects  London  with  Bir- 
mingham and  of  others;  his  latter 
years  were  spent  in  the  superin- 
tendence   of    extensive    coal    mines 


GENERAL    INDEX 


669 


which   he   owned;   died   at   Tapton, 
August  12,  1848 
Invents  a  locomotive,  11,  590 

Sterling,  General  (late  18th  century), 
an  American  Revolutionary  soldier: 
taken  prisoner  by  English,  23,  243 

Sternberg,  Adam  of  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), an  Austrian  official:  accused 
of  inciting  the  Emperor  Mathias 
against  the  Protestants,  17,  201 

Stettin,  Prussia:  occupied  by  Gustavus 
Adolphus,  18,  279;  taken  by  the 
Great  Elector,  301;  acquired  by 
Prussia,  15,  64 

Stettin,  Peace  of,  a  peace  recognizing 
the  dissolution  of  the  union  of  Den- 
mark and  Sweden  (1570),  16,  166 

Stettler,  Michael  (17th  century),  a 
Swiss  chronicler:  sketch  of,  13,  482 

Steuben,  Baron  Friedrich  Wilhelm 
August  Heinrich  Ferdinand  von 
(1730-1794),  a  Prussian-American 
general:  drills  American  soldiers, 
23,  262;  his  services  to  America, 
269;  in  centennial  of  Cornwallis's 
surrender,  24,  940 

Stevens,  John  L.,  United  States  min- 
ister to  Hawaii,  1893:  recognizes 
the  provisional  government  of  Ha- 
waii, 24,  998 

Stevens,  Thaddeus  (1793-1868),  an 
American  statesman:  aids  cause  of 
negro  abduction,  24,  617;  opposes 
Lincoln,  799;  opposed  to  Lincoln's 
reconstruction  plans,  836 

Stevenson,    Adlai   Ewing    (1835 ), 

an  American  lawyer  and  politician: 
nominated  for  Vice-President, 
(1892),  24,  989;    (1900),  1038 

Stewart,  Alexander  Turney  (1803- 
1876),  an  American  merchant  and 
capitalist:  chosen  by  Grant  for  Cab- 
inet, 24,  861;  declared  ineligible,  861 

Stewart,  Sir  Donald  Martin  (1824- 
),  an  English  soldier:  his  cam- 
paigns against  the  Afghans,  5,  257; 
made  commander-in-chief  of  Indian 
forces,  261 

Stewart,  James  (late  19th  century),  a 
British  engineer:  constructs  a  rail- 
road in  Africa,  19,  83;  establishes 
industrial  school  in  Africa,  205 

Stewart,  Robert,  2nd  Marquis  of  Lon- 


donderry (also  known  as  Viscount 
Castlereagh)  (1769-1822),  a  British 
statesman:  aids  Pitt  to  secure  union 
of  Ireland  and  Great  Britain,  IX, 
550;  member  of  Portland  ministry, 
559;  at  the  Congress  of  Vienna,  15, 
262;  his  interview  with  Metternich, 
*7>  325;  quoted  on  Jefferson's  Em- 
bargo  Act,    23,   411;    death   of,   II, 

573 

Steyer,  Armistice  of,  a  truce  between 
the  French  and  the  Austrians 
(1800),   10,  442 

Sthenelaidas  (5th  century  B.  C.)» 
Spartan  ephor:  opposes  the  Athe- 
nian supremacy,  2,  270 

Stig,  Marshal  (d.  1293),  Danish  rebel: 
death   of,   16,    no 

Stigand  (d.  1072),  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury: made  archbishop,  II,  63 

Stilicho,  Flavius  (d.  408  A.  D.),  Ro- 
man general  and  statesman:  career 
of,  4,  137,  18,  35;  death,  139 

Stirling,  royal  burgh  of  Scotland:  bat- 
tles of  (1297),  11,  150,  12,  275; 
(1314),   12,  279;    (1746),  367 

Stirling,  Earl  of:  see  Alexander,  Wil- 
liam 

Stirum,  Count  (early  19th  century), 
leader  of  the  Dutch:  leads  patriotic 
movement,   13,   272 

Stith,  William,  Virginia  colonial  cler- 
gyman:   historical    writings    of,    23, 

143 

Stockach,  Germany:  battle  of  (1799), 
9,  308,   10,  403 

Stockholm,  Sweden:  foundation  of,  16, 
104;  battle  of  (1518),  140;  the  blood 
bath  of  (1520),  149;  taken  by  Gus- 
tavus Vasa,  154;  revolutionary  up- 
risings in   (1848),  277 

Stockholm,  Treaties  of: 

1719.  A     treaty     between     Sweden 
and  Hanover,   18,  318 

1720.  A     treaty     between     Sweden 
and  Prussia,  18,  318 

Stockings,  The  Little  Man  in  Red:  see 

Leopold  I,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 
Stock-raising:  in  the  colonies,  23,  134 
Stockton,  Robert  Field  (1 795-1866), 
American  naval  officer  and  politi- 
cian: in  the  Mexican  War,  22,  289, 
34,  548 


670 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Stockton  and  Darlington  Railways, 
England:  opened,  II,  590 

Stoeckel  Baron  (19th  century),  Rus- 
sian diplomatist:  in  Alaska  purchase, 
24,  877 

Stoerkodder,  King  of  Denmark:  leg- 
end of,  16,  18 

Stoessel,  General  (1848 ),  Russian 

military  officer:  surrenders  Port 
Arthur,  7,  312 

Stofflet,  Nicholas  (1751-1796),  Ven- 
dean  general:  leads  insurrection  in 
the  Vendee,  9,  283;  death  of,  297 

Stoglav  or  Book  of  the  Hundred  Chap- 
ters, a  book  published  by  the  Rus- 
sian council  of  1551,  15,  115 

Stoke,  England:  battle  of  (1487).  "» 
225 

Stokes,    Whitley    (1830 ),    British 

author:   sketch  of,  5,  262 

Stolbova,  Peace  of,  treaty  concluded 
between  Russia  and  Sweden  (1617), 
16,  177 

Stolypin,  Count,  Russian  statesman: 
becomes  premier  (1906),  15,  366 

Stone,  William  (ca.  1603-1695),  Eng- 
lish colonial  governor:  imprisoned 
by  Puritans,  23,  72 

Stone  Age,  early  period  in  civiliza- 
tion of  mankind:  relics  of,  in  Aus- 
tria-Hungary, 17,  10;  in  America, 
23,  6 

Stone  of  Destiny  or  Stone  of  Scone, 
part  of  coronation  chair  of  Scotch 
kings:  carried  to  England,  II,  148, 
12,  274 

Stone  River,  Tennessee:  winter  quar- 
ters of  Bragg  at  Murfreesborough 
on,  24,  774 

Stongarde,  Netherlands:  battle  of 
(1013),  13,  23 

Stopford,  Admiral  (19th  century), 
English  naval  commander:  in 
Turko-Egyptian  war,  14,  437 

Storms,  Cape  of:  see  Cape  of  Good 
Hope 

Story,  Joseph  (1779-1845),  American 
jurist:  describes  Jackson's  inaugu- 
ration, 23,  481 

Stoss,  The,  a  mountainspur  of  Switz- 
erland: battle  of  (140S),  13,  390 

Stoutenburg,  William  van  (17th  cen- 
tury),     Dutch      conspirator:      plots 


against  life   of  Maurice  of  Nassau, 
13,  205 

Stowe,  Harriet  Beecher,  American 
authoress:  born  at  Litchfield,  Con- 
necticut, June  14,  181 1 ;  when  but 
four  years  old  her  mother  died;  at 
the  age  of  thirteen  she  became  a 
pupil  of  her  sister  Catherine,  then 
principal  of  the  Female  Seminary 
at  Hartford,  remaining  there  sev- 
eral years;  accompanied  her  father 
to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  was 
elected  president  of  Lane  Seminary 
in  1832;  in  1836  she  was  married  to 
Prof.  Calvin  E.  Stowe;  a  sketch  en- 
titled "  Uncle  Tim,"  written  in  1834, 
and  afterward  published  in  "  The 
Mayflower "  first  attracted  public 
attention  to  her  as  a  writer  of  rare 
promise;  in  1850  she  accompanied 
her  husband  who  had  been  appoint- 
ed to  a  professorship  in  Bowdoin 
College  to  Brunswick,  Maine;  while 
here  she  wrote  "  Uncle  Tom's 
Cabin";  in  1853  visited  England  and 
the  European  continent;  in  1864  re- 
moved to  Hartford,  Connecticut, 
where  she  died,  July  1,  1896 

Aids  cause  of  negro  abduction, 
24,  617;  publishes  "Uncle  Tom's 
Cabin,"  638 

Stow-on-the-Wold,  England:  battle  of 
(1646),  II,  3SS 

Strabo  (40  B.  C.-60  A.  D.),  Greek  ge- 
ographer: quoted,  2,  15;  his  ridicule 
of  Pytheas,  16,  4;  believes  the  earth 
to  be  a  sphere,  23,  23 

Strabo  (d.  87  B.  C),  Roman  com- 
mander: assumes  command  of 
troops  in   Rome,  3,  222;  death,  223 

Strachan,  Sir  Richard  (19th  century), 
English  admiral:  commands  fleet 
sent  against  Napoleon,  11,  563 

Strachey,     John     (1825 ),     British 

statesman:   acting  governor-general 
of  India,  5,  253    • 

Strachey,  Richard  (1817 ),  British 

officer:  sketch   of,  5,  246;  president 
of  the  famine  commission,  255 

Straeten,  Van  (d.  1568),  burgomaster 
of  Antwerp:  arrest  of,  13,  105; 
death  of,  108 

Strafford,  Edward,  Duke  of  Bucking- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


671 


ham:  see  Buckingham,  Edward 
Strafford,  Duke  of 

Strafford,  Thomas  Wentworth,  Earl 
of:  see  Wentworth,  Thomas,  Earl 
of  Strafford 

Straits,  The  City  of  the:  see  Detroit, 
Michigan 

Straits  of  Magellan,  South  America: 
discovered,  23,  37 

Straits  Settlements,  Malay  peninsula: 
history  of,  20,  251 

Stralsund,  Prussia:  sieges  of  (1628), 
18,  276;  (1715),  15,  63,  16,  222; 
(1809),  18,  376 

Stralsund,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  conclud- 
ed between  Denmark  and  the  Ger- 
man Hanse  League   (1370),  16,   118 

Strangi,  a  ruling  body  common  in  the 
democratic  states  of  Greece:  in  Ath- 
ens, 2,  148;  privileges  of,  174 

Strasburg  (Strassburg),  capital  of  Al- 
sace-Lorraine: founded,  18,  15;  bat- 
tles of  (357  A.  D.),  9,  14;  (496  A. 
D.),  18,  47;  a  member  of  the  Union 
of  Rhenish  Cities,  18,  174;  embraces 
the  Reformation,  243;  submits  to  the 
emperor,  255;  taken  by  the  French 
(1681),  302;  siege  of  (1870),  9,  464, 
18,  424 

Stratford,  John  (d.  1348),  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury:  quarrels  with  Ed- 
ward III,  11,  162 

Stratford  de  Redcliffe:  see  Canning, 
Stratford 

Strathclyde,  an  ancient  kingdom  of 
Great  Britain:  formation  of,  II, 
32 

Strathnairn,  Hugh  Henry  Rose,  Ba- 
ron: see  Rose,  Hugh  Henry,  Baron 
Strathnairn 

Stratimirovic  (19th  century),  Servian 
military  officer:  in  the  Croatian  rev- 
olution, 17,  369;  arrest  of,  420 

Strauch,  Colonel  (19th  century),  Bel- 
gian military  officer:  secretary  of 
the  African   Association   (1879),  19, 

65 
Strauss,    David    (1808-1874),    German 

theologian    and    philosopher:    given 

chair  of  theology  at  the  University 

of  Zurich,  13,  545 
Straw,  Jack  (d.  1381),  assumed  name 


of  leader  of  the  peasants  of  Eng- 
land in  the  Wat  Tyler  rebellion: 
leads  peasants  to  London,  11,  174 

Strelitz  (Strelsi  or  Strelzi),  bodyguard 
instituted  by  Ivan  the  Terrible: 
outbreak  of  the  (1682),  15,  26; 
(1698),  36 

Strelnikov  (d.  1882),  Russian  procur- 
or-general:     assassination     of,     15, 

341 

Strelsi:  see  Strelitz 

Stribro  (Steibrsky),  Jakoubek  de  (15th 
century),  Bohemian  reformer: 
teachings  of,  17,  125;  summoned 
before  the  Council  of  Constance, 
126 

Strickland,  Walter  (17th  century), 
English  statesman:  his  mission  to 
The  Hague,  13,  229 

Strict  Constructionists,  advocates  of 
the  giving  to  the  several  states  of 
all  the  powers  not  expressly  dele- 
gated to  the  Federal  Government 
by  the  Constitution:  account  of,  23, 
352 

Strindberg,  Dr.  (late  19th  century), 
Swedish  experimenter:  attempts  to 
find   the    North    Pole,    16,   327 

Strode,  William  (1598-1644),  English 
divine  and  poet:  impeached,  II,  343 

Strohbach  (early  19th  century),  Hun- 
garian statesman:  made  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Diet  of  Vienna  (1849), 

17,  374 

Stromboli,  island  off  the  coast  of  Si- 
cily: battle  of  (1676),  9,  212 

Stromfeldt  (early  18th  century), 
Swedish  statesman:  represents  Swe- 
den at  Nystad,  15,  68 

Strong,  Caleb  (1745-1819),  American 
politician:  member  of  Massachu- 
setts ratifying  convention,  23,  336; 
in  first  Congress,  342 

Strong,  William  (1808-1895),  Amer- 
ican jurist:  member  of  the  Electoral 
Commission,   24,   903   note 

Strong,  William  L.  (late  19th  cen- 
tury), mayor  of  New  York  City: 
mentioned  as  advocate  of  reform, 
24,  1069 

Strongbow,  Richard:  see  Clare,  Rich- 
ard de 


672 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Strossmayer,    Joseph     Georg     (1815- 

),   Croatian  bishop:    exiled,   17, 

406 

Strozzi,  Piero  (1500-1558),  French 
general:  defends  Siena,  4,  307 

Struensee,  Johan  Frederick,  Count  von 
(1737-1772),  German  statesman:  ca- 
reer of,  16,  241 

Struve,  Gustav  von  (1805-1870),  Ger- 
man political  writer:  leads  insurrec- 
tion, 18,  399 

Stryker,  Herman  (16th  century),  Ger- 
man reformer:  sketch  of,  13,  92 

Stuart,  Sir  Charles  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), English  statesman:  influences 
John  VI  of  Portugal  to  acknowl- 
edge   the    independence    of    Brazil, 

21,    167 

Stuart,  Charles  Edward:  see  Pre- 
tender, The  Young 

Stuart,  Esme,  Lord  of  Aubigny  (late 
16th  century),  French  courtier:  fa- 
vorite of  James  VI  of  Scotland,  12, 

325 

Stuart,  Henry,  Lord  Darnley:  see 
Darnley,   Henry   Stuart,   Lord 

Stuart,  James,  Earl  of  Arran  (1713- 
1788),  English  antiquary  and  archi- 
tect: favorite  of  James  VI  of  Scot- 
land, 12,  324 

Stuart,  James,  Earl  of  Mar,  Earl  of 
Murray  (Moray)  (i533-T57o),  Re- 
gent of  Scotland,  1567-1570,  called 
The  Good  Regent:  opposes  the  Con- 
gregation, 12,  312;  created  Earl  of 
Murray,  314;  regent  for  James  VI 
of  Scotland,  318;  death  of,  321 

Stuart,  James  Ewell  Brown,  an  Amer- 
ican general:  born  in  Patrick  Co., 
Virginia,  February  6,  1833;  grad- 
uated at  West  Point  in  1854;  be- 
came a  brigadier-general  of  the  in- 
surgents in  September,  1861,  and 
obtained  command  of  a  body  of  cav- 
alry; in  August,  1862,  he  surprised 
General  Pope's  headquarters  at  Cat- 
lett's  Station  and  captured  some  of 
his  private  papers;  in  October,  1862, 
he  conducted  a  daring  and  success- 
ful raid  to  Chambersburg,  Penn.; 
commanded  the  cavalry  at  the  bat- 
tle of  the  Wilderness  in  May,  1864, 
and  was  mortally  wounded  in  a  bat- 


tle against  General  Sheridan  at  Yel- 
low Tavern,  May  12,   1864 

Commands  Lee's  advance,  24, 
764;  commands  rear  guard,  778; 
mortally  wounded  at  battle  of  Yel- 
low Tavern,   788 

Stuart,  James  Francis  Edward:  see 
Pretender,  The  Old 

Studer,  Bernhard  (1 794-1 887),  Swiss 
savant  and  author:  sketch  of,  13, 
584 

Stuhlweissenburg,  Council  of,  con- 
cludes religious  peace  between 
Hussites  and  Catholics  in  Bohemia 
(1435):  account  of,  17,  139 

Stuhm,  Poland:  battle  of  (1629),  16, 
180 

Stumpf,  Johannes  (late  16th  century), 
Swiss   historian:   sketch  of,   13,  454 

Stur  (early  19th  century),  Bohemian 
statesman:  leads  Slovaks,  17,  357 

Sture,  Sten  (d.  1503),  Swedish  states- 
man: proclaimed  regent  of  Sweden, 
16,  134J  defeated  by  Hans,  138; 
death  of,  139 

Sture,  Sten,  the  Younger,  Swedish 
statesman  and  soldier,  regent  of 
Sweden,  1512-1520:  succeeds  his 
father,  16,  140;  his  war  with  the 
archbishop's  party,  148;  death  of, 
141 

Sture,  Svante,  regent  of  Sweden, 
1503-1512:  succeeds  Sten  Sture,  16, 
140 

Sturleson,  Snoore:  see  Snoore  Sturle- 
son 

Sturm,  Jakob  (16th  century),  Swiss 
official:  quoted  on  the  Swiss  Con- 
federates, 13,  442 

Sturt,  Sir  Charles  (1796-1869),  Eng- 
lish explorer:  his  explorations  in 
Australia,  20,  187 

Stiissi,  Rudolf  (15th  century),  Swiss 
official:  opposes  Reding,  13,  398 

Stuyvesant,  Peter  (1602-1682),  last 
Dutch  governor  of  New  Amster- 
dam, 1645-1664:  administration  of, 
23,  103;  surrenders  to  the  Duke  of 
York,  104;  restricts  privileges  of 
the  Jews,  I,  424 

Styger,  Paul  (late  18th  century),  Swiss 
monk:  leads  opposition  to  the  new 
constitution,   13,   513 


GENERAL    INDEX 


673 


Styria,  Austrian  province:  united  with 
Hungary  and  Bohemia,  17,  4;  Ger- 
man element  in,  6;  Taurisci  settle 
in,  n;  under  control  of  Hungary, 
59;  conquered  by  the  Count  of  Ty- 
rol, 75;  surrendered  to  the  empire 
(1278),  17,  75,  18,  181;  added  to  Aus- 
tria, 17,  91;  insurrection  of, 
177;  progress  of  the  Reformation 
in,  178;  advent  of  the  Jesuits  in,  179 

Styx,  waterfall  in  Arcadia:  description 
of,  2,  15 

Su,  Tartar  or  Scythian  tribe:  drive 
out  the  Greek  dynasty  from  the 
Bactrian  kingdom,  5,  72 

Sti,  Prince  (early  20th  century),  Chi- 
nese noble:  native  Christians  as- 
semble in  palace  of,  6,  301 

Suabian  League,  a  union  of  the  Sua- 
bian  cities  and  nobles  under  Fred- 
erick III:  sketch  of,  18,  219 

Suabian  War,  struggle  in  Switzerland 
which  established  the  alliance  of  the 
Grisons  with  the  Confederation 
(1498):   mentioned,  13,   394 

Suan:  see  Assuan 

Subervie,  General  (late  19th  century), 
French  military  officer:  member  of 
the  provisional   government,  9,  435 

Sublime  Porte:  see  Porte,  The 

Subuktigan  (d.  997),  Ghaznivide 
prince:  at  war  with  Jaifall  of  La- 
hore, s,  91 

Succession,  Act  of,  bill  passed  by  Par- 
liament, declaring  Elizabeth  and  not 
Mary  to  be  heir  to  the  crown 
(1534):  account  of,  11,  254 

Succession,  War  of  Austrian,  war  be- 
tween England  and  France,  with 
nearly  all  Europe  on  one  side  or 
the  other  (1740-1748):  mentioned, 
14,  318;  cause,  4,  333,  9,  236,  11, 
485,  17,  239,  18,  329;  battle  of  Det- 
tingen  (1743),  18,  330;  Frederick 
the  Great  invades  Bohemia  (1774), 
17,  241,  18,  330;  war  extends  to  the 
American  Colonies,  20,  107,  23,  163; 
French  invade  Italy  (1745),  4,  333, 
9,  239;  ended  by  Treaty  of  Aix-la- 
Chapelle  (1748),  9,  243,  11,  488,  17, 
242,  18,  332;  effect  of,  on  India,  5, 
179 


Succession,  War  of  Spanish,  between 
France  on  one  side  and  Germany 
and  England  on  the  other  (1702- 
1713) :  cause,  9,  220,  13,  247,  18, 
311;  Queen  Anne's  War  in  America 
(1702-1714),  23,  160;  English  and 
Dutch  attack  Cadiz  (1702),  8,  390; 
battles  of  Blenheim  (1704),  9,  221, 
18,  313;  Ramillies  (1706),  9,  222,  18, 
314;  Peace  of  Utrecht  (1713),  9,  224, 
18,  315;  mentioned,  4,  327,  13,  478, 

16,  215,  238,  17,  190,  233,  20,  106 
Succession,  War  of  the  Polish,  be- 
tween France  in  conjunction  with 
Spain  and  Sardinia,  attempting  to 
reinstate  Stanislaus  on  one  hand, 
and  Russia  and  Austria,  on  the  oth- 
er (1733-1738):  cause,  15,  381,  18, 
323;  Peace  of  Vienna  (1738),  15, 
381,  18,  324;  England's  attitude  to- 
wards, ii#  480;  effect  of,  in  Austria, 

17,  192 

Succession  of  Cleves,  dispute  as  to  the 
succession  to  the  dukedoms  of  Ju- 
lech,  Cleves,  and  Berg  and  the 
countships  of  Ravensberg  and 
Mark  (1609):  account  of,  18,  266 

Suchet,  Louis  Gabriel,  Duke  of  Albu- 
tera  (1770-1826),  French  marshal: 
his  campaign  in  Spain,  9,  337;  joins 
Napoleon  after  his  return,  10,  501 

Sucker  State,  The:  see  Illinois 

Sucre  (Chuquisaca),  Bolivia,  South 
America:  description  of,  21,   181 

Sucre,  Antonio  Jose  de  (1793-1830),  a 
South  American  patriot  and  gen- 
eral, President  of  Bolivia,  1825- 
1830:  wins  battle  of  Pinchincha,  21, 
73;  elected  president  of  Bolivia, 
185;  overthrown  in  Bolivia,  82; 
death  of,  84 

Sudan,  Africa:  history  of,  19,  271;  de- 
scription  of,   20,   262 

Sudbury,  Simon  of,  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury  (d.  1381),  English  prel- 
ate: beheaded,  11,  175 

Sudder-ud-Din  (14th  century),  Persian 
scholar:  sketch  of,  5,  340 

Sudebniks,  Russian  law-books:  de- 
scription of,  15,  181 

Sudeikin  (d.  1882),  Russian  police  of- 
ficer: assassination  of,  15,  341 


674 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Suderrnanland,  Duke  of  (late  18th 
century),  Swedish  naval  officer: 
commands   Swedish  fleet,   15,  187 

Sudras,  conquered  non-Aryan  tribes 
in  India:  rise  of,  5,  43 

Suetonius  Paullinus  (d.  ca.  70  A.  D.): 
Roman  general:  sent  to  Britain,  11, 

9 

Suevi,  German  tribe:  aid  the  Sequani, 
18,  10;  defeated  by  Caesar,  12;  at 
war  with  the  Celts,  17,  11;  invade 
Spain,  8,  26;  see  also  Hermunduri 
and  Chatti 

Suez  Canal,  artificial  passage  between 
the  Mediterranean  and  the  Red 
Seas:  Grand  Vizier  Sokolli  projects 
canal  (1570),  14,  195;  canal  con- 
structed, 467,  496;  opened,  1,  39,  5» 
138,  19,  56,  20,  224 

Sufetula,  Africa:  conquered  by  the 
Saracens,  1,  302 

Suffold,  General  (early  15th  century), 
English  officer:  at  siege  of  Orleans, 

9,  "5 

Suffolk,  political  division  of  England: 
origin  of,   11,   19 

Suffolk,  Charles  Brandon,  Duke  of 
(early  16th  century),  English  noble: 
marries   Mary  Tudor,   11,   237 

Suffolk,  Henry  Grey,  Earl  of:  see 
Grey,  Henry,   Earl  of  Suffolk 

Suffolk,  Michael  de  la  Pole,  Earl  of: 
see  Pole,  Michael  de  la,  Earl  of  Suf- 
folk 

Suffolk,  William  de  la  Pole,  Earl  of: 
see  Pole,  William  de  la,  Earl  of  Suf- 
folk 

Suffrage: 
AUSTRALIA:     manhood     suffrage 
demanded  in  Victoria,  20,  194;  qual- 
ifications  of  electors,   198,   199 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:      electoral 
law,  17,  363,  368;  Schmerling's  elec- 
toral system,  387,  401,  402;  popular, 
400;     qualifications,     400;     electoral 
law   of    1896,   401;    election   law   of 
1871,  410;  electoral  law  of  1873,  412; 
demands  for  universal,  432,  446;  bills 
for  universal,  439,  447,  457 
BELGIUM:  universal,  13,  310 
BOHEMIA:     right     of    burgeoisie, 
17,  149;  demand  for  universal,  428; 


proposed  reform  of  electoral  law, 
429 

DENMARK:  right  of,  16,  288 
ENGLAND:  proposal  for  manhood 
suffrage    (1780),    11,    520;    procured 
by  second  Reform  act,  624 
FRANCE:    universal,    9,    441,    442, 
471;  qualifications,  10,  38 
GERMANY:  universal,  18,  430 
IRELAND:     changes    in,    11,    625; 
Catholics  disfranchised,  12,  161 
ITALY:  enlargement  of,  4,  398 
NETHERLANDS:    restricted    suf- 
frage of  Socialist  party,  13,  320 
PARAGUAY:  universal,  21,  160 
PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS:    qualifi- 
cations, 20,  392,  24,  1044 
SCOTLAND:  changed  in,  II,  625 
SWEDEN:    basis   of,    16,    278;    re- 
forms of   Charles  XV,  278;   univer- 
sal,  280,   285 

SWITZERLAND:  right  of,  13,  384; 
universal,  513 

UNITED  STATES:  in  colony  of 
Maryland,  23,  72;  Roman  Catholics 
in  Rhode  Island,  94;  New  England 
qualifications  for,  147;  disfranchise- 
ment of  free  negroes,  480;  general 
extension  of,  480;  extended  in  Rhode 
Island,  24,  530;  free  negroes,  660, 
845,  858,  970;  see  also  Slaves 

Suffren,  de  Saint-Tropez,  Pierre  An- 
dre (1726-1788),  French  naval  com- 
mander: his  campaigns  in  India,  5, 
194,  9,  257 

Sufyan  (ca.  7th  century  A.  D.),  Turk- 
ish general:  commands  forces  be- 
sieging Constantinople  (668  A.  D.), 
1,  327 

Sugar  Act,  British:  passed  (1733),  23, 
!35>  203;  evaded  by  colonists,  135 

Sugawara-tu-Michizane  (9th  century, 
A.  D.),  Japanese  statesman:  influ- 
ence of,  7,  47;  disgraced,  47;  hon- 
ored, 48 

Suger,  Abbot  of  Saint  Denis  (12th 
century),  French  prelate:  manages 
government  of  France,  9,  73 

Sugiyama  (d.  1900),  a  Japanese  dip- 
lomat: murdered,  6,  300,  301,  7,  280 

Suiko,  Empress  of  Japan,  591-629:  ac- 
cession of,  7,  20 


GENERAL    INDEX 


675 


Suinin,  Emperor  of  Japan,  29  B.  C- 
71  A.  D.:  condition  of  the  empire 
under,  7,  9 

Suisei,  Emperor  of  Japan,  581-549  B. 
C:  accession  of,  7,  7 

Sujin,  Emperor  of  Japan,  97-29  B.  C: 
separates  shrine  and  palace,  7,  9; 
condition  of  the  empire  under,  9 

Sulcoit,  Ireland:  battle  of  (ca.  975  A. 
D.),  12,  40 

Suleiman,  Shah  of  Persia:  see  Safi  II 

Suleiman  Pasha  (14th  century),  son 
of  Orkhan:  account  of,  14,  25,  27 

Suleiman  Pasha  (1840-1892),  a  Turk- 
ish general:  his  campaign  against 
Russia,  15,  334;  besieges  Shipka 
Pass,  14,  481;  his  forces  defeated 
(1879),  19,  167 

Suleiman:    see  also   Solyman 

Suleimaniye,  The,  the  tomb  of  the 
Sultana  Khurrem,  wife  of  Suleiman 
I:  account  of,  14,  167,  179 

Sulf  AH  (early  18th  century),  a  Per- 
sian military  leader:  fall  of,  5,  348 

Sulla,  Lucius  Cornelius  (ca.  138-78  B. 
C),  a  Roman  general  and  dictator: 
captures  Jugurtha,  3,  190;  his  cam- 
paign in  southern  Italy  (89  B.  C), 
208;  opposes  reforms  of  Sulpicius, 
210;  leads  an  army  against  Rome, 
210;  reforms  of,  211;  embarks  for 
the  East,  212;  attempts  to  arbitrate 
affairs  in  the  East,  215;  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Chaeronea,  218;  at  battle  of 
Orchomenus,  218;  concludes  peace 
with  Mithradates,  219;  returns  to 
Italy,  220;  overthrows  the  demo- 
cratic revolution,  221;  returns  to  It- 
aly, 225;  constitution  of,  230;  elected 
consul,  240;  sketch  of  his  career, 
240;  death,  241;  his  constitution 
abolished,  267 

Sullivan,  Timothy  Daniel  (19th  cen- 
tury), an  Irish  patriot:  commem- 
orates the  Manchester  Martyrs,  12, 

235 
Sully,  Maximilien  de  Bethune,  Baron 
de  Rosny,  a  French  statesman,  called 
The  Iron  Calvinist  of  Rosny:  born 
at  Rosny,  near  Mantes,  December 
I3»  1560;  he  was  a  student  in  Paris 


when  the  Massacre  of  Saint  Bar- 
tholomew occurred;  in  1575  entered 
the  service  of  Henry  of  Navarre, 
whom  he  accompanied  in  his  escape 
from  Paris;  he  gained  the  friendship 
of  Henry,  who  appointed  him  a 
councilor  of  Navarre  in  1580;  mar- 
ried Anne  de  Courtenay  in  1583;  he 
directed  the  artillery  at  Contras,  re- 
ceived several  wounds  at  battle  of 
Ivry,  and  was  severely  wounded  at 
siege  of  Chatres  in  1591;  advised 
Henry  IV  to  adopt  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic religion;  appointed  councilor 
of  state  and  finances  in  1596,  and 
superintendent  in  1599;  by  order 
and  economy  he  greatly  improved 
the  financial  condition  of  France 
and  prosperity  of  the  people;  he 
turned  his  attention  to  other  depart- 
ments of  government  and  soon  be- 
came prime  minister;  he  encouraged 
agriculture  and  projected  a  system 
of  canals  to  unite  all  the  large  rivers 
of  France;  in  1606  he  received  the 
title  of  Due  de  Sully;  he  resigned 
the  direction  of  the  finances  and  re- 
tired from  court  but  retained  the 
position  of  grand  master  of  artillery 
and  some  other  offices;  in  1634  he 
received  the  baton  of  marshal  of 
France;  he  employed  his  latter 
years  in  writing  memoirs  of  his  life 
and  times;  died  at  Villebon,  Decem- 
ber 22,  164 1 

Assists   Henry  IV  to  raise   army 
and  money  against  Spain,  9,  170;  ad- 
ministration of,  173 
Sulpicius  Peticus,  Gaius,  Roman  con- 
sul, 355  B.  C:  defeats  a  Gallic  host, 

3,  59 

Sulpicius  Rufus,  Publius  (124-88  B. 
C.)>  a  Roman  orator:  reforms  of, 
3,  209;  death,  211 

Sultan,  the  title  given  to  the  head  of 
the  Turkish  government:  power  of, 
14,  88 

Sultan-G2ni,  a  name  given  to  his  prin- 
cipality by  Sultan  Alaeddin  (13th 
century):  origin  of  name,  14,  11; 
description  of,  12 


676 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Sulu,  an  archipelago  lying  northeast 
of  Borneo:  occupied  by  Americans 
(1899),  20,  317 

Sulzer,  Johann  Georg  (1 720-1 779),  a 
Swiss-Prussian  philosopher  and 
writer:  sketch  of,  13,  494 

Sumarokov,  Alexander  Petrovitch 
(1718-1777),  a  Russian  poet:  ac- 
count of,  15,  150,  192 

Sumatah  (early  6th  century),  a  Chi- 
nese scholar:  introduces  Buddhism 
into  Japan,  7,  14 

Sumatra,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Ar- 
chipelago: settled  by  the  Dutch,  20, 
56;  history  of,  289 

Sumner,  Charles,  an  American  lawyer 
and  Senator:  born  in  Boston,  Mas- 
sachusetts, January  6,  181 1;  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  College  in  1830; 
was  pupil  of  Judge  Story  in  the  law 
school  of  Cambridge;  admitted  to 
bar  in  1834;  practised  law  in  Bos- 
ton, appointed  reporter  in  the  cir- 
cuit court  of  the  United  States; 
passed  about  three  years  in  visits 
to  various  countries  of  Europe 
(1837-1840);  pronounced  an  oration 
in  Boston  on  July  4,  1845,  which  at- 
tracted much  attention  both  in 
United  States  and  Europe;  opposed 
the  annexation  of  Texas  to  the 
United  States  in  1845;  separated 
from  Whig  party  and  joined  Free 
Soilers;  supported  Martin  Van 
Buren  for  the  Presidency  in  1848; 
elected  Senator  of  the  United  States 
in  1850;  opposed  the  Fugitive  Slave 
bill  and  took  part  in  the  debate  on 
the  Kansas-Nebraska  Bill  in  1854; 
on  May  19-20,  1856,  he  made  in  the 
Senate  an  eloquent  speech  on  the 
contest  in  Kansas  and  on  the  ag- 
gressions of  slave  power,  some  pas- 
sages of  his  speech  excited  the  an- 
ger of  Preston  S.  Brooks,  a  South- 
ern member  of  Congress,  who  on 
May  22,  1856,  assaulted  Mr.  Sumner 
while  he  was  sitting  in  the  Senate- 
chamber  and  beat  him  on  the  head 
with  a  cane  until  he  became  insensi- 
ble;   Mr.    Sumner   was    so   severely 


injured  that  he  was  disabled  for 
public  service  for  several  years  and 
sailed  to  Europe  in  March,  1857, 
for  the  benefit  of  his  health;  was 
reelected  to  the  Senate,  January, 
1857,  returning  home  in  the  autumn 
of  that  year  but  made  another  voy- 
age to  Europe  in  the  spring  of  1858; 
in  i860  advocated  election  of  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  for  President;  was  ap- 
pointed chairman  of  committee  on 
foreign  relations  in  March,  1861, 
and  at  the  end  of  1862  was  again 
elected  Senator  for  six  years,  end- 
ing March  4,  1869;  after  the  Civil 
War  he  advocated  the  reconstruc- 
tion of  the  seceded  States;  during 
the  rebellion  he  was  the  confidential 
adviser  of  President  Lincoln;  among 
his  important  services  was  the  pro- 
duction of  the  Freedman's  Bureau 
Bill;  chairman  of  committee  on  for- 
eign affairs  from  1861-1870;  in 
April,  1869,  he  made  an  elaborate 
speech  on  the  Alabama  claims;  he 
died  at  Washington,  D.  C,  March 
11,  1874 

Quoted  on  the  nomination  of  Van 
Buren  in  1848,  24,  559;  signs  ad- 
dress against  Douglas,  633;  replies 
to  Douglas's  speech  (1853),  634;  as- 
saulted by  Preston  Brooks,  650;  op- 
posed to  Lincoln's  reconstruction 
plans,  836;  opposes  annexation  of 
West  Indian  Islands,  20,  322;  in 
Congress  (1869),  24,  862;  informed 
of  Alaska  purchase,  878;  breach 
with  Grant,  880;  supports  Alaska 
treaty,  880;  on  Johnson-Clarendon 
treaty,  882;  his  speech  on  Republic- 
anism v.  Grantism,  890;  joins  liberal 
movement,  890;  Lamar's  tribute  to, 
916 

Sumner,  Edwin  Vose  (1797-1863),  an 
American  general:  at  the  siege  of 
Mexico,  22,  363;  saves  victory  at 
Seven  Pines,  24,  758 

Sumter,  Thomas  (1734-1832),  an 
American  Revolutionary  general: 
sketch  of,  24,  273;  in  first  congress^ 
342 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


677 


Sumu-abi,  King  of  Babylonia,  2450  B. 
C:  reign  of,  1,  76 

Sunderland,  Charles  Spencer,  Earl  of 
(1674-1722),  an  English  statesman: 
becomes  Secretary  of  State,  11, 
458;  leader  of  Whig  party,  472 

Sung  (early  19th  century),  a  Chinese 
statesman:  remonstrates  with  the 
emperor,  6,  122 

Sung-ching,  a  contemporary  Chinese 
general:  his  campaigns  against  the 
Japanese,  7,  267 

Suniario  (10th  century),  Count  of  Ur- 
gel:  regent  of  Barcelona,  8,  225 

Sunna,  The,  the  traditional  law  of 
Islam:  fixed  and  consecrated,  1,  212; 
defined,  14,  89 

Sunnites,  art  orthodox  Mohammedan 
sect:  rise  of,  1,  244;  their  schism 
with  the  Shiites,  14,  122 

Superstition:  in  religious  worship  of 
New  England,  24,  147 

Supremacy,  Acts  of: 

1534.  An  English  statute  which 
proclaimed  Henry  VIII  supreme 
head  of  the  English  Church,  11, 
254 
1559-  An  English  statute  vesting 
spiritual  authority  in  the  crown, 
to  the  exclusion  of  all  foreign 
jurisdiction,    11,   275 

Supreme  Court  Decisions:  decision  on 
limitation  of  powers  of  State,  23, 
440;  decision  on  implied  powers  un- 
der Constitution,  440;  Jackson  com- 
bats United  States  Bank  decision, 
486;  favoring  Indians  in  Georgia 
suit,  487;  on  constitutionality  of 
United  States  Bank,  501;  the  Dred 
Scott  decision,  24,  658;  sustaining 
negro  disfranchisement  in  South, 
873;  respecting  social  rights  of  ne- 
gro, 873;  the  Legal  Tender  Act, 
899;  against  railroad  merger,  972; 
sustains  act  of  Congress  restoring 
State  Prohibition  laws,  972;  sustains 
legislation  against  lotteries,  973; 
respecting  Mormon  polygamy,  983; 
constitutionality  of  Foraker  Act, 
1041;  right  of  colonial  subjects  to 
trial  by  jury,    1045 


Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States: 
provided  for,  in  Constitution,  23, 
333',  elevated  by  Marshall,  390;  de- 
nounced by  the  Democratic  Party, 
24,  1014 

Surajah  Dowlah:  see  Sirag-ud-daula 

Surat,  India:  obtained  by  the  French 
(1668),  20,  114;  French  establish 
factory  at,  9,  214;  raided  by  the 
Marathas,  5,  131 

Surat,  Treaty  of,  an  agreement  be- 
tween the  English  and  Raghuba, 
a  claimant  of  the  headship  of  the 
Marathas  (1775),  5,  192 

Surinan,  South  America:  settled  by 
the  English  (1634),  20,  37 

Surrey,  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of 
(1517-1541),  an  English  poet:  death 
of,  11,  262 

Surrey,  John  de  Warenne,  Earl  of 
(late  13th  century),  English  states- 
man: appointed  guardian  of  Scot- 
land, 11,  148 

Surrey,  Thomas  Howard,  Earl  of:  see 
Howard,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Surrey 
and  3rd  Duke  of  Norfolk 

Suruga,  Japan:  battle  of  (i335)»  7> 
88 

Susa  (Sushan),  Persia:  made  center 
of  the  Persian  Empire,  1,  164;  cap- 
ital of  Cyrus,  2,  123;  Themistocles 
at,  231;  Pelopidas  at,  445;  Alex- 
ander the  Great  at,  I,  169,  2,  497 

Susa,  Treaty  of,  a  peace  signed  by  the 
Duke  of  Savoy  and  securing  to  the 
Duke  of  Nevers  the  peaceable  pos- 
session of  Mantua  and  Montferrat 
(1628),  9,  186 

"Susan  Constant,"  English  ship:  car- 
ries settlers  to  Virginia,  23,  57 

Sussex,  England:  origin  of  the  name, 
11,  18;  pillaged  by  William  the  Con- 
queror, 67 

Suter,  Anton  Joseph  (d.  1784),  Swiss 
politician:  leads  popular  faction  in 
Inner  Rhodes,  13,  501 

Sutherland,  Earl  of  (early  18th  cen- 
tury), Scotch  Whig:  his  campaign 
against  the  Pretender,  12,  362 

Suthul,  town  in  Numidia:  siege  of,  3, 
189 


678 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Sutoku  (12th  century  A.  D.),  Em- 
peror of  Japan:  deposed,  7,  56; 
leads  rebellion,  56 

Sutter,  Captain  (19th  century),  Cali- 
fornian  of  1848:  employs  the  work- 
man who  discovers  gold,  24,  595 

Suvarov  (Soovorof,  Souvorof,  Su- 
vorov,  Souvarof,  Suworow  or  Su- 
warrow),  Alexander  Vasilievitch 
Rymnikski  (1729-1800),  Russian 
general:  commands  Russian  force 
(1769),  14,  324;  defeats  the  Turkish 
forces  (1773-1774),  14,  338;  in  the 
Pugatchev  insurrection  (1774-1775), 
15,  170;  quells  Tartar  rising,  14, 
345;  defends  Kilburn  (1787),  35IJ 
his  campaign  in  the  Crimea  (1787), 
15,  184;  at  the  siege  of  Ochakov 
(1788),  14,  354;  sent  into  Moldavia 
(1789),  356;  captures  Ismail  (1790), 
359;  in  Poland  (1794),  15,  190,  18. 
358;  assumes  command  of  the 
forces  of  the  second  coalition 
(i799)»  I7»  285,  18,  362;  his  cam- 
paigns in  Italy  (i799)>  8,  527,  9, 
309,  13,  517;  refuses  to  communi- 
cate his  plans  to  the  Austrian  Coun- 
cil of  War  (1799),  17,  286;  offends 
Paul,  15,  204;  recall  of,  205;  death 
of,  206 

Suzdal,  Prince  of  (12th  century),  Rus- 
sian noble:  revolt  of,  15,  9 

Svane,  Hans  (early  17th  century), 
Danish  statesman:  at  the  diet  of 
Copenhagen,   16,  231 

Svatopluk  I  (9th  century  A.  D.),  Mo- 
ravian prince:  career  of,  17,  32; 
reign  of,  34;  death  of,  35 

Svatopluk  II  (early  10th  century), 
Moravian  prince:  at  war  with  his 
brother,  17,  36 

Sveaborg,  Sweden:  surrender  of 
(1809),   15,  217 

Svend  I  (late  10th  century  A.  D.), 
King  of  Denmark:  baptism  of,  16, 
29;  his  detestation  of  Christianity, 
30;  reign  of,  31;  defeats  Olaf  Tryg- 
vasson,  55 

Svend  (II)  Estridsen,  King  of  Den- 
mark, 1047-1076;  befriended  by 
Magnus  the  Good,  16,  33;  his  rela- 
tions with   Henry   IV  of  Germany, 


18,  132;  his  ecclesiastical  policy,  16, 
60,  68;  reign  of,  67 

Svend  (III)  Erik  (late  12th  century), 
King  of  Denmark:  his  struggle  for 
the  throne,   16,   80 

Svend  (nth  century),  King  of  Nor- 
way, 1030-1035,  son  of  Knud  the 
Great:  reign  of,  16,  32,  57 

Svend  (10th  century),  Viking  chief- 
tain: attacks  London,  11,  57;  con- 
quers  England,  58;  death  of,  59 

Svend  Aagesen:  see  Aagesen,  Svend 

Sverdruj  (late  19th  century),  Nor- 
wegian naval  officer:  explorations 
of,  16,  327 

Sverdrup,  Johan  (late  19th  century), 
Norwegian  politician:  leads  the  pa- 
triotic Democratic  Party,  16,  282 

Sverker,  Karlsson,  King  of  Sweden, 
II35-II55:  reign  of,  16,   101,  103 

Sverre  (d.  1202),  King  of  Norway: 
career  of,  16,  98 

Sviatopolk-Mirski,  Prince  (late  19th 
century),  Russian  statesman:  ap- 
pointed minister  of  the  interior,  15, 
360 

Svinimir:  see  Zvonimir 

Svold,  Germany:  battle  of  (1000),  16, 
56 

Swallow,  Silas  C.  (1839 ),  Amer- 
ican politician:  Prohibition  nominee 
for  President,  24,  1067 

Swally,  India:  battle  of  (1612),  5,  160 

Swan  River  Colony:  see  Western 
Australia 

Swartwort  (19th  century),  American 
politician:  defaulter,  24,  520 

Swatopluk:  see  Zwentebold 

Swaziland,  South  Africa:  sketch  of, 
20,  259 

Sweden,  northern  Europe:  legendary 
history  of,  16,  34;  Adam  of  Brem- 
en's description  of,  63;  before  the 
Union  of  Calmar  (1693-1397),  97; 
her  advance  on  the  Baltic  coast, 
15,  9,  21;  at  the  close  of  the  Middle 
Ages,  16,  142;  revolts  against  Erik 
(i435)>  i27>  dissolves  the  union  with 
Denmark  (1523),  154;  rises  into 
European  prominence  (1560-1611), 
161;  claims  in  Delaware,  23,  107; 
colonists  from,  invited  to  remain  in 


GENERAL    INDEX 


679 


Penn's  colony,  in;  colonists  in  New 
Jersey  and  Delaware,  126;  attacked 
by  Peter  the  Great  (1699),  15,  38; 
falls  from  power  (1709),  54;  inter- 
vention of,  in  Turkey,  14,  307;  re- 
lations of,  with  France,  16,  227;  al- 
lied with  Russia,  14,  322;  in  the 
age  of  political  revolution,  16,  247; 
war  between  Sweden  and  Russia, 
I4>  352>  treaty  with  Catherine  II  of 
Russia,  357;  constitutional  gov- 
ernment in,  16,  277;  commercial 
treaty  with  the  United  States,  23, 
347;  concludes  treaty  with  Japan, 
6,  221,  7,  189;  appoints  Behring  Sea 
arbitrator,  24,  980 

Sweden,  The  Lion  of:  see  Banner, 
Johan 

Swegen  (nth  century  A.  D.),  son  of 
Earl  Godwine:  misdeeds  of,  II,  60; 
death  of,  62 

Swellendam,  South  Africa:  magistracy 
established  at,   19,  37 

Swen,  King  of  Denmark:  see  Svend 
(III)  Estridsen 

Sweveghem,  de  (1577),  Dutch  states- 
man: mission  of,  to  England,  13, 
126 

Sweyn,  King  of  Denmark:  see  Svend 
Tveskaeg,  King  of  Denmark 

Swieten,  Gerhard  von  (18th  century), 
Dutch  professor  of  medicine:  in- 
trusted with  the  improvement  of 
education  in  Austria,  17,  260 

Swift,  Jonathan  (1667-1745),  English 
satirist:  sketch  of,  II,  462;  opposes 
the   Court   Party,   12,   171 

Swinburne,   Algernon   Charles    (1837- 

),  English  poet:  pleads  for  the 

Manchester  Martyrs,  12,  235 

Swinburne,  Sir  John  (19th  century), 
English  explorer:  spreads  British 
influence  in  Africa,  19,  83;  forms 
mining  company,  217 

Swintila  (7th  century  A.  D.),  King  of 
the  Goths:  reign  of,  8,  44 

Swiss  Brotherhood,  a  conspiracy 
against  the  centralists  and  the  Hel- 
vetic government  (1802):  account 
of,  13,  5 18 

Swiss    Club,    association    in    Paris    to 


extend  the  Revolution  to  Switzer- 
land (1790):  sketch  of,  13,  504 

Swiss  Regiment:  at  the  insurrection 
of  Nancy,  10,  125  note 

Switzerland,  southern  Europe:  the 
ancient  races  and  their  civilization, 
*3»  327',  union  under  Carlovingian 
and  German  rule,  340;  territorial 
division,  347;  formation  of  the 
leagues,  13,  357,  18,  184;  growth  of 
the  Confederation,  13,  372;  Switzer- 
land at  the  height  of  her  power, 
389;  the  era  of  Reformation, 
431;  religious  wars  and  the  aristo- 
cratic constitutions,  461;  political 
disunion  of  the  18th  century,  487; 
revolution  and  attempts  at  re- 
organization, 503;  internal  reorgan- 
ization, 10,  399,  13,  533;  consolida- 
tion of  the  Federal  States,  13,  556; 
centralization  and  socialism,  569; 
concludes  treaty  with  Japan,  7,  189; 
arbitration  treaty  with  the  United 
States,  24,  1076 

Switzerland,  The  Marathon  of:  see 
Morgarten:  battle  of  (1315) 

Switzerland,  The  Wallace  of:  see 
Hofer,  Andreas 

Sword,  Brothers  of  the,  an  order  es- 
tablished for  the  protection  of  the 
German  colonies  on  the  eastern 
shore  of  the  Baltic  (1199),  18,  173 

Sword  of  Mars,  The:  see  Attila 

Sword  of  Rome,  The:  see  Marcellus, 
Marcus  Claudius 

Swordsman,  The  Good:  see  Murat, 
Joachim 

Swynford,  Catherine  (late  14th  cen- 
tury), English  courtesan:  marries 
John  of  Gaunt,  II,  183 

Syagrius  (4th  century  A.  D.),  Roman 
general:  governs  Roman  posses- 
sions in  Gaul,  9,  18,  18,  46;  defeated 
by  the  Franks,  9,   19 

Sybaris,  city  of  Magna  Grsecia  in 
Italy:  founded,  2,  84,  3,  26;  wealth 
of,  2,  85;  destroyed  by  Croton,  215; 
Thurii  colonized  by,  260 

Sybilla  of  Cleves  (early  16th  century), 
Belgian  heroine:  excites  her  people 
against  the  Spaniards,  13,  170 


680 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Sybota,  Grecian  island:  sea-fight  off, 
2,  268 

Sydenham,  Charles  Ponlett  Thomp- 
son, Lord  (early  19th  century),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  his  administration 
as  governor  of  Canada,  20,  158 

Sydney,  Australia:  convict  settlement 
established  at,  20,   132;   settled,   182 

Sydney,  Lord  (late  17th  century), 
Irish  statesman:  lord  lieutenant  of 
Ireland,   12,    155 

Sydney,  Sir  Henry  (16th  century), 
English  statesman:  attempts  to  re- 
store peace  among  the  natives  of 
Ireland,  12,  89 

Sydney  Conference,  The,  a  conference 
of  the  Australian  colonies  including 
New  Zealand  (1880),  20,  203 

Syene:  see  Assuan 

Sylla:  see  Sulla 

Sylva-Xavier,  Joseph  de  (d.  1789), 
South  American  revolutionist:  at- 
tempts to  lead  rebellion  in  Brazil, 
21,  69 

Sylvester  (15th  century),  Russian 
priest:  domostroi  of,  15,  70 

Sylvester  II  (Gerbert  of  Rheims)  (d. 
1003),  Pope,  999-1003:  accepts  the 
homage  of  Hungary,  17,  47;  account 
of,  18,  119 

Sylvius,  iEneas:  see  Pius  II,  Pope 

Symmachus  (ca.  2nd  century  A.  D.), 
Roman  orator:  leader  of  Roman 
sentiment,  4,   131 

Syphax  (d.  203  B.  C.)»  Numidian 
prince:  defeated  by  Scipio,  3,  129 

Syr  ben  Ali  Bekir  (nth  century),  Mo- 
hammedan general:  his  campaigns 
in  Spain,  8,  89 

Syracuse,  Sicily:  founded,  2,  83,  92; 
rise  of,  3,  57;  tyranny  at,  2,  94,  217, 
219;  at  war  with  Catana,  299;  de- 
stroys Leontini,  328;  siege  of,  337; 
victory  of,  over  Athens,  346;  sends 
ships  to  the  iEgean,  352;  at  war 
with  its  neighbors,  408;  war  with 
Carthage,  408;  subject  to  Dionysius 
I  and  II,  415;  anarchy  at,  416;  freed 
by  Dion,  416;  freed  by  Timoleon, 
417;  ruled  by  Agathocles,  515;  cap- 


tured by  Franks  (3rd  century  A. 
D.),  18,  30;  conquered  by  the  Sara- 
cens, I,  354;  siege  of  (1298),  8,  248 

Syracuse,  New  York:  rescue  of  negro 
(1851),  24,  616;  popular  respect  to 
Lincoln's  remains,  827 

Syria,  Asiatic  Turkey:  assigned  to 
Antigonus  after  the  death  of  Alex- 
ander, 2,  512;  conquered  by  Anti- 
ochus  (275  B.  C),  3,  143;  made  a 
Roman  province  (63  B.  C),  275; 
surrenders  to  the  Saracens,  1,  287, 
2,  533;  reduced  by  the  Arabs,  14,  4; 
wasted  by  Timur,  48;  conquered  by 
Selim  I  of  Turkey,  136;  massacres 
in  (i860),  14,  465;  conquered  by  the 
Egyptians   (1831-1832),  1,  38 

Szabolcz,  Council  of,  assembly  of 
prelates,  nobles,  and  citizens  con- 
vened by  Ladislas  (1092),  17,  51 

Szapary  (19th  century),  Hungarian 
statesman,  premier  of  Hungary 
(1890),  17,  431 

Szapolyai,  George  (early  16th  cen- 
tury), Hungarian  commander:  at 
the  battle  of  Mohacs,  17,  169 

Szapolyai,  John:  see  John  (I)  Szapol- 
yai, King  of  Hungary 

Szapolyai,  John  Sigismund  (16th  cen- 
tury), Vo'ievode  of  Transylvania: 
accession  of,  17,  217;  death  of,  220 

Szathmar,  Treaty  of,  a  peace  between 
the  Hungarians  and  the  Hapsburgs 
(1708),  17,  234 

Szechenyi,  Stephen,  Count  (1792- 
1860),  a  Hungarian  nobleman:  in 
the  diet  of  Presburg,  17,  338;  favors 
moderation  (1847),  354J  made  min- 
ister of  public  works,  368 

Szegedin,  Peace  of,  treaty  between 
Turkey  and  Hungary  (1444):  ac- 
count of,   14,  63,  65 

Szell,  Hungarian  statesman,  premier 
of  Hungary,  1899-1903:  policy  of 
17,  440;  resignation  of,  442 

Sziget  (Szigeth),  Hungary:  siege  of 
(1566),  14,  175,  17,  219 

Szilagy,  Hungarian  statesman  and 
soldier:  chosen  governor  of  Hun- 
gary, 17,  161 


Taaffe,    Count    Edward    von     (1833- 

1895),     Austrian     statesman:     made 

premier,   17,  426 
Tabar,  Bohemia:  battle  of  (1645),  18, 

291 
Tabasco,    Mexico:    captured    by    the 

Americans   (1847),  22,  309 
Taborites,    The,    Bohemian    sect,    the 

extreme  of  the  Hussites,  18,  207 
Taboureau     (18th     century),     French 

financier:  made  minister  of  finance, 

9,  254 
Tache,    fitienne    Paschal    (19th    cen- 
tury),    French     statesman:     at    the 

Quebec  convention,  20,  165 
Tachilana    Moroye    (8th    century    A. 

D.),   Japanese    anthologist:    collects 

Japanese  poems,  7,  35 
Tacitus,    Cornelius     (55-117    A.    D.), 

Roman  historian:  his  account  of  the 

barbarians,  16,  7 
Tacitus,     Marcus     Claudius,     Roman 

Emperor,   275-276   A.    D. :   reign  of, 

4,  in 
Tacna,  town  in  Peru:  battle  of  (1880), 

«,  237 
Tacna,    territory    in    southern    Peru: 

given  to  Chili  (1883),  21,  238;  taken 

by  the  Congressionalists  (1891),  239 
Tacuba,    Plan    of,    a    Mexican    legal 

document,  22,  277,  382 
Tadaranohama,    Japan:    battle    of,    7, 

88 
Tadatsune,    Taira-no-:    see    Taira-no- 

Tadatsune 
Tadmir:  see  Theodomir 
Tadpole  State,  The:  see  Mississippi 
Tafalla,  Spain:  siege  of  (1035),  8,  231 
Tafna,    Treaty    of,    a   treaty    between 

Abdul  Kadir  and  the  French  (1837), 

9,  413 

Taft,    William    Howard     (1857 ), 

American     statesman:     member     of 
Philippine  Commission,  20,  318,  24, 


1043;  proclaims  United  States  pro- 
tection in  Cuba,  22,  490 

Taga,  Japan:  built,  7,  27 

Tagesons,  Henrik  (15th  century), 
Danish  renegade  nobleman:  in  the 
Danish  revolt,  16,   130 

Tagliacozzo,  Italy:  battle  of  (1268), 
4,  215,  18,  170 

Tagliamento,  Italy:  crossed  by  Omar 
Pasha,  14,  85 

Taharka  (Tirhakah,  Tarakos),  King 
of  Egypt,  ca.  693-670  B.  C:  reign 
of,  1,  30;  defeated  by  Esarhaddon, 
90 

Tahir  Pasha  (19th  century),  comman- 
der of  the  Albanians:  assumes  the 
government  of  Cairo,  1,  37 

Tahirites,  a  dynasty  of  Persia,  813- 
872  A.  D.:  reign  of,  1,  364 

Tahmasp:  see  Tamasp 

Taikwa  Reform,  a  period  of  Japanese 
history:  account  of,  7,  22 

Taillebourg,  Bridge  of,  France:  battle 
of  (1242),  9,  81 

T'aip'ings,  name  given  to  Chinese  in- 
surgents: establishment  of  dynasty 
of,  6,  151;  advance  on  Peking,  152; 
retreat  to  Nanking,  153;  later  suc- 
cesses, 195 

Taira,  Clan  of,  Japanese  family  prom- 
inent in  the   10th  century:   rise  of, 

7,  5i 

Taira-no-Kiyomori  (12th  century), 
Japanese  chieftain:  supports  acces- 
sion of  Emperor  Goshirakawa,  7, 
56;  crushes  rebellion  of  Nobuyori 
and  Yoshitomo,  57;  influence  of, 
58 

Taira-no-Masakado  (10th  century  A. 
D.),  Japanese   soldier:  revolt  of,  7, 

53 
Taira-no-Munemori     (12th     century), 
Japanese   chieftain:   influence  of,  7, 
60;  death  of,  62 


681 


682 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Taira-no-Sadamori    (ioth   century    A. 

D.),  Japanese  soldier:  defeats  Tairo- 

no-Masakado,  7,  53 
Taira-no-Shigemori     (12th     century), 

Japanese   soldier:   crushes   rebellion 

of  Nobuyori  and  Yoshitomo,  7,  57 
Tairo-no-Tadamasa     (12th     century), 

Japanese  statesman:  supports  plans 

of  Emperor  Sutoku,  7,  56 
Taira-no-Tadatsune     (nth     century), 

Japanese  statesman:  rebellion  of,  7, 

53 

Taira-no-Takamochi  (9th  century  A. 
D.),  Japanese  statesman:  vice-gov- 
ernor of  Kazusa,  7,  52 

Taitsung,  Emperor  of  China,  620-649 
A.  D.:  aids  Yezdegerd,  King  of  Per- 
sia, 1,  265 

Taiwon-kun  (19th  century),  Japanese 
conservative  statesman:  anti-foreign 
policy  of,  7,  195,  255 

Taj  Mahal,  a  mausoleum  at  Agra, 
India:  built,  5,  119 

Tajes,  Maximo,  President  of  Uruguay, 
1886-1890:  his  presidency  of  Uru- 
guay, 31,  258 

Takahira,  Kogoro  (1842 ),  Japa- 
nese diplomat:  appointed  peace 
commissioner,  7,  317 

Takakura,  Emperor  of  Japan,  1169- 
1180:  reign  of,  7,  58 

Takamochi,  Taira-no-:  see  Taira-no- 
Takamochi 

Takanaga,  Prince  (14th  century), 
Japanese  military  commander:  his 
campaign  against  Ashikaga  Takau- 
ji,  7,  87 

Takasugi  Shinsabeu  (19th  century), 
Japanese  statesman:  leader  of  anti- 
Tokugawa  party,  7,  165 

Takeuchi  Shikibu  (19th  century), 
Japanese  ronin:  plots  against  the 
Tokugawa,  7,  160 

Takezoye  (19th  century),  Japanese 
diplomat:  minister  to  Korea,  7,  256 

Takhos  (Teher),  King  of  Egypt,  ca. 
360  B.  C.  reign  of,  1,  33 

T'aki  (ca.  1100  B.  C.)>  Chinese  prin- 
cess:  concubine  of  Chow  Sin,  6,  7 

Takishimimi,  Prince  (ca.  660  B.  C), 
Japanese  usurper:  attempts  to  usurp 
the  throne,  7,  7 


Taku  Forts,  fortifications  guarding 
the  approach  to  Tientsin  and  Pe- 
king: capture  of,  6,  165;  defeat  be- 
fore, 170;  recapture  of,  172;  de- 
mands of  powers  respecting,  285, 
286;  in  Boxer  Rebellion,  301,  305 

Ta-ku-shan,  Manchuria:  taken  by  the 
Japanese,  7,  268 

Talavera,  Spain:  battles  of  (918  A. 
D.),  8,  135;  (1809),  8,  486,  530,  9, 
337,  ".  563 

Talbot,  John,  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  (ca. 
I373-I4S3),  English  soldier:  his 
government  of  Ireland,  12,  69;  at 
siege  of  Orleans,  9,  115;  defeats  the 
Burgundians,  11,  205 

Talbot,  Richard,  Earl  of  Tirconnell 
(1630-1691),  Irish  royalist:  made 
commander  of  forces  in  Ireland,  12, 
131 

Talca,  Chili:  seized  by  the  Radicals 
(1859),  21,  219 

Talcahuano,  Chili:  declared  to  be  in  a 
state  of  blockade  (1865),  21,  221 

Ta-lien-wan,  Manchuria:  captured  by 
the  Japanese,  7,  268;  leased  to  Rus- 
sia, 277 

Talikot,  British  India:  battle  of 
(1565),  5,  90,  107,  151 

Ta-ling  Pass,  Manchuria:  capture  of, 
15,  361 

"Tallahassee,"  vessel  of  American 
Confederacy:  built  in  English  ship- 
yard, 24,  882 

Tallahatchie  River,  Mississippi:  Grant 
attempts  passage  of,  24,  776 

Tallard,  Camille  de  la  Baume  (1652- 
1728),  French  general:  at  battle  of 
Blenheim,  9,  211,   11,  455 

Talleyrand-Perigord,  Charles  Maurice 
de,  Bishop  of  Autun,  Prince  of  Ben- 
evento  (1754-1838),  French  diplo- 
mat: elected  member  of  the  States- 
General,  10,  39;  proposes  that  the 
clergy  give  up  their  possessions,  9, 
207,  10,  109;  takes  oath  of  loyalty  to 
the  nation,  10,  113;  at  the  confeder- 
ation of  the  kingdom,  122;  Ameri- 
can envoys  refused  audience  with, 
33,  374;  appointed  minister  of  for- 
eign affairs,  10,  436;  consents  to 
receive    ambassador,    23,    375;    ne- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


gotiations  of,  18,  364;  member  of 
provisional  government,  9,  349; 
made  minister  of  foreign  affairs,  356; 
favors  the  formation  of  the  king- 
dom of  Holland,  13,  280;  at  the 
Congress  of  Berlin,  *8,  389,  391; 
plans  restoration  of  the  Bourbons, 
10,  498;  made  president  of  Louis 
XVIII's  ministry,  9,  365 

Tallien,  Jean  Lambert  (1767-1820), 
French  revolutionist:  leader  of  the 
commune,  10,  203;  resists  Robes- 
pierre's views,  9,  290,  10,  313;  pro- 
poses to  annul  the  third,  360;  ex- 
posed  by  Thibaudeau,   360 

Tallmadge,  James  W.  (1778-1853), 
American  lawyer:  proposes  amend- 
ment prohibiting  slavery  in  Mis- 
souri, 23,  453 

Talma,  Frangois  Joseph  (1763-1826), 
French  tragedian:  at  Erfurt,  15,  218 

Talmadge  Amendment,  an  amendment 
proposed  to  the  bill  to  admit  Mis- 
souri to  the  United  States  (1819): 
dispute  over,  23,  454 

Talmont  (18th  century),  Vendean  no- 
bleman: supports  insurrection  in  the 
Vendee,  9,  283 

Tamasese  (19th  century),  Samoan 
chief:  made  king  of  Samoa  by  Ger- 
many, 24,  977 

Tamasp  (Tahmasp,  Thamasp,  Tham- 
as)  I  (d.  1576),  Shah  of  Persia,  1523- 
1576:   reign  of,  5,  342 

Tamasp  (Tahmasp  Thamasp,  Tham- 
as)  II,  Shah  of  Persia,  1730-1732: 
aided  by  Peter,  15,  79;  restored  to 
the  throne  by  Nadir,  5,  350,  15,  115; 
dethroned,   5,  351 

Tamatave,  Madagascar:  bombardment 
of  (1883),  20,  278 

Tamayos,  The,  a  South  American 
tribe:  their  relations  to  the  Euro- 
peans, 21,  30 

Tamerlane  the  Great:  see  Timur 

Tammany  Hall,  political  organization 
of  New  York  City:  in  election  of 
1888,  24,  968;  returns  to  power  in 
New  York,  1069 

Tampico,  Mexico:  captured  by  the 
Americans  (1847),  22,  309;  revolt 
of  (1871),  402 


Tamworth  Manifesto,  profession  by 
Sir  Robert  Peel  of  principles  of 
moderate  but  conservative  reform 
(1834):  account  of,  11,  594 

Tanagra,  Greece:  battle  of,  2,  244 

Tancred  (1078-1112),  King  of  Sicily: 
defeats  Henry  VI  of  Germany,  18, 
156 

Tandy,  James  Napper  (1747-1803), 
Irish  insurgent:  secretary  of  the 
Society  of  United  Irishmen,  12,  198 

Taney,  Roger  Brooke  (1777-1864), 
American  jurist:  appointed  Secre- 
tary of  Treasury,  23,  503;  in  Dred 
Scott  decision,  24,  658;  controversy 
with  Lincoln,  816 

T'ang  Dynasty,  The,  Chinese  ruling 
family:  growth  of  literature  under, 
6,  14,  15;  persecution  of  Christians 
under,   16;   conquests    of,    15 

Tanganyika,  Lake,  Africa:  discovered, 
19,  S3 

Tangier,  Africa:  siege  of  (1437),  8, 
306;  under  English  rule,  19,  34 

Tangier(s),  Treaty  of,  a  peace  be- 
tween France  and  the  Empire  of 
Morocco     (1844):     account     of,     9, 

423 

Tani,  Tateki  (late  19th  century),  Jap- 
anese major  general:  attempts  to 
defend   Kumamoto  Castle,  7,    180 

Tanis:  see  Zoan 

Tanneguy-Duchatel  (15th  century), 
French  general  provost  of  Paris: 
rescues  the  dauphin,  9,  112;  exile  of, 

9,  114 

Tannenberg,  Germany:  battle  of 
(1410),  15,  376,  18,  199 

Tanning  Industry:  started  in  the 
South,  24,  823 

Tantia  Topi  (d.  1859),  Indian  insur- 
gent: career  of,  5,  239 

Tanut-Amen  (7th  century  B.  C),  King 
of  Egypt:  at  war  with  Assyria,  I, 
30 

Taokwang  (1781-1850),  Emperor  of 
China,  1820-1850:  his  accession,  6, 
123;  his  martial  habits,  124;  his 
death,  155 

Taos,  New  Mexico:  massacre  of 
(1847),  22,  305 

Tapia,  Christoval  de  (early   16th  cen- 


684 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


tury),  Spanish  official:  commis- 
sioned to  arrest  Cortez,  22,  63 

Taping-ling,  Manchuria:  battle  of,  7, 
310 

Tappan,  Lewis  (early  19th  century), 
American  abolitionist:  secretary  of 
American  Anti-Slavery  Society,  24, 

574 

Tar  State,  The:  see  North  Carolina 

Tara,  Ireland:  battles  of  (ca.  450  A. 
D.),  12,  38;   (979  A.   D.),  41 

Tarahumares,  tribe  of  Mexican  Indi- 
ans: rebel  against  the  Spaniards,  22, 
167 

Tarakos:  see  Taharka 

Taranaki,  New  Zealand:  receives  its 
name,  20,  214 

Tarapaca,  South  America:  battle  of 
(1879),  21,  236;  given  to  Chili 
(1881),  238;  taken  by  the  Congres- 
sionalists  (1891),  239 

Tarascos,  tribe  of  Mexican  Indians: 
account  of,  23,  6 

Tarentum,  southern  Italy:  settled,  2, 
73>  84,  3,  26;  trade  of,  3,  27;  wars 
of,  with  Iapygians,  2,  220;  later 
wars  with  Lucanians,  418;  forms 
alliance  with  Pyrrhus,  3,  76;  sur- 
renders to  Rome   (272  B.  C),  80 

Target,  Jean  Baptiste  (late  18th  cen- 
tury), French  deputy  of  the  third 
estate:  elected  member  of  the  States- 
General,  10,  39 

Targowitz,  Confederacy  of,  formed  to 
resist  change  in  government  in  Po- 
land (1792):  account  of,  15,  385 

Tarichaea,  Palestine:  siege  of  (67  A. 
D),     1,  411 

Tarifa,  town  in  Spain:  siege  of  (1340), 
8,  113 

Tariff: 

AFRICA:  Lord  Granville  promises 
moderate  tariffs  for  the  Congo  Re- 
gion, 19,  75;  the  Mozambique  tariff 
78;  tariff  at  the  Cape  hampers  Ger- 
man trade,  95;  in  Congo  Free  State 
120,  124,  125;  in  Zanzibar,  134,  136; 
under  Royal  Niger  Company,  157; 
Africa  (West),  agreement  between 
France  and  England,  177;  Togoland 
and  Kamerun,  19,  177,  20,  303;  free 
trade,  19,  246,  247;  custom  dues  in 


British  East  Africa,  205;  Zanzibar, 
206;  in  Portuguese  East  Africa, 
232;  in  the  British  Central  Protect- 
orate, 242 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  protective 
system,  17,  269,  289;  prohibition  in 
Hungary,  329;  protection,  442;  treat- 
ies, 451 

CHINA:  Likin  tax,  6,  273;  Russia 
demands  that  the  customs  tariff  of 
Niu-chwang  in  Manchuria  be  man- 
aged   by   the    Russo-Chinese    Bank, 

7,  294 

CUBA:  reduction  of,  22,  471,  24, 
1046;  reciprocity,  22,  485;  higher  du- 
ties, 486 

ENGLAND:  increase  of  duties,  11, 
144;  duty  on  tobacco,  479;  import 
duties  on  America,  510,  514;  duty  on 
imported  corn,  600,  606;  under  Peel, 
602,  604;  present  status,  642 
GERMANY:  at  the  beginning  of 
the  empire,  18,  442;  need  of  pro- 
tection, 443;  advantages  of  protec- 
tion, 444;  attempts  to  pass  a  pro- 
tective tariff,  445;  protection  gained 
(1879),  446;  results,  447;  new  tariff 
of  1902,  451 

HONDURAS:  duty  on  mahogany, 
20,  245 

INDIA:  under  James  Wilson,  5, 
243;  export  duties  repealed,  253;  im- 
port duties  abolished,  260;  under 
Lord  Elgin,  274 
IRELAND:  embargo,  12,  180 
JAPAN:  autonomy,  7,  189,  191;  five 
per  cent,  import  duty,  243;  partial 
autonomy,  244 

MEXICO:    duty    on    oriental    mer- 
chandise, 22,  192;  duties,  208 
NETHERLANDS:  duties,  13,  270; 
grain  free  of  duty,  283 
PORTO    RICO:    Foraker   Act,    24, 
1040,   1042 

ROME:  under  the  empire,  3,  243 
SCOTLAND:  free  trade  introduced, 
12,  357 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  Paraguay,  21, 
156;  Peru,  199;  Venezuela,  234 
SWEDEN:     controversy     between 
the  free-traders  and  the  protection- 
ists,  16,  280 


GENERAL    INDEX 


685 


SWITZERLAND:  duty  on  import- 
ed liquors,  13,  580 

TURKEY:  under  Suleiman  the 
Great,  14,  187 

UNITED  STATES:  in  colony  of 
Virginia,  23,  57;  inter-state,  311;  im- 
port duty,  313;  restrictions,  331;  Act 
of  1789,  347;  protective  policy,  354; 
demand  for  protection,  437;  pro- 
tective character  of  Act  of  1816, 
437;  Webster  opposes  for  New 
England,  438;  Calhoun  advocates  for 
South,  438;  Clay  advocates  for 
West,  438;  Act  of  1824,  456;  Tariff 
of  1824  causes  dissatisfaction,  471; 
in  Calhoun's  theory  of  nullification, 
491;  new  measure  in  1832,  23,  493, 
24,  1094;  reduced  by  Congress,  23, 
495;  Force  Bill,  496;  law  of  1842, 
24,  530;  law  of  1846,  530,  554;  Whig 

.  tariff,  538;  increased  in  Civil  War, 
739.  819;  Horace  Greeley  favors  pro- 
tection, 892;  duties  lowered,  899;  in 
Democratic  platform,  930;  Act  of 
1864,  939;  Act  of  1870,  939;  Act  of 
1872,  939;  Act  of  1883,  939;  revision 
demanded  by  Republicans  of  the 
West,  939;  issue  in  1888,  963;  Cleve- 
land's views  on,  963;  McKinley 
Tariff,  968;  Republican  platform 
(1892),  990;  Democratic  platform 
(1892),  990,  991,  993;  Wilson  Tariff, 
995-996;  Dingley  Tariff,  1019;  Phil- 
ippine Islands,  20,  313,  360,  375,  376, 
24,   1045 

Tariff  Union  (Zollverein),  The,  union 
of  all  the  German  states  in  a  cus- 
toms union:  advantages  of,  18,  395 

Tarik-ben-Zeyad  (early  8th  century 
A.  D.),  Arab  chief:  campaigns  in 
Spain,  1,  312,  8,  48;  fate  of,  1,  319 

Tarkhan  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Prince 
of  Fargaua:  entertains  Yezdegerd 
1,  264 

Tarki,  Russia:  surrenders  to  Peter 
(1722),  is,  79 

Tarleton,  Sir  Bannastre  (1754-1833), 
English  officer:  at  the  battle  of 
Cowpens,  23,  281 

Tarqui,  Quito,  South  America:  battle 
of  (1829),  21,  193 

Tarquin  the  Proud,  son  of  Tarquinius 


Priscus,  and  7th  King  of  Rome: 
in  534  B.  C,  he  succeeded  Servius 
Tullius,  whom  he  had  caused  to  be 
assassinated,  and  whose  daughter 
Tullia  he  married;  put  to  death  the 
senators  who  had  favored  the  re- 
forms of  Servius;  conquered  several 
neighboring  cities,  built  the  capitol 
and  other  public  edifices  and  estab- 
lished colonies  at  Signia  and  Circeii; 
the  outrage  committed  by  his  son 
Sextus  upon  Lucretia  roused  the 
people,  already  exasperated  by  his 
tyranny,  to  throw  off  the  yoke,  and 
Tarquin  was  deposed  by  an  armed 
force  led  by  Junius  Brutus;  after 
several  attempts  to  regain  his 
power,  he  formed  an  alliance  with 
Lars  Porsena  of  Clusium,  in  con- 
junction with  whom  he  fought  the 
battle  of  Lake  Regillus  (496  B.  C.) ; 
they  were  totally  defeated  by  the 
Romans,  and  Tarquin  escaped  to 
Cumae,  where  he  died  495  B.  C. 

Fails  to  consult  with  the  senate, 
3,  29 

Tarsus,  Asia  Minor:  conquered  by 
the  Saracens  (639-655"  A.  D.),  I, 
288;  siege  of  (nth  century  A.  D.), 
368 

Tartaglia  of  Brescia  (1500-1559),  Ital- 
ian mathematician:  revives  the 
mathematical  sciences,  4,  296 

Tartars:  see  Tatars 

Tarwitz,  Austria:  battle  of  (1809),  9, 
336 

Tasco,  Mexico:  captured  by  the  in- 
surgents   (1812),   22,  242 

Tashi-chiao,  Manchuria:  battle  of,  7, 
310 

Tashilumbo,  Thibet:  taken  by  the 
Gurkhas,  6,  101 

Tasman,  Abel  Jansz  (17th  century), 
Dutch  navigator:  explorations  of, 
16,  332 

Tasmania,  island  south  of  Australia: 
receives  its  name,  20,  189;  ratifies 
the  new  Constitution  (1899),  206; 
see  also  Van  Diemen's  Land 

Tassels  (d.  1830),  a  Cherokee  Indian: 
condemned  for  murder  in  Georgian 
court,  23,  487 


686 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Tassilo  (d.  794),  Duke  of  Bavaria: 
espouses  the  cause  of  Grifo,  18,  75; 
opposes    Charlemagne,    83 

Tasso,  Torquato  (1544-1595),  an  Ital- 
ian poet:  sketch  of,  4,  320 

Tast,  Hermann  (early  16th  century), 
a  Danish  priest:   preaching  of,   16, 

193 

Tatars  or  Tartars,  Tungusic  tribes 
whose  original  home  was  in  Chi- 
nese Tatary,  and  who  are  now  rep- 
resented by  the  Fishshin  Tatars  in 
Manchuria,  the  Solons  and  Daurians 
in  Mongolia,  and  the  Manchus  in 
China:  invasions  of,  14,  4,  15,  10; 
their  power  overthrown,  15,  13; 
campaigns  against,  29,  120;  devas- 
tate the  Ukraine,  61;  Turkey  ac- 
knowledges their  independence,  180; 
insurrection  of,  183;  repelled  by  the 
Poles,  376 

Tat-ef-Ra  (Ra-tatf)  (ca.  2800  B.  C), 
King  of  Egypt:  reign  of,  1,  16 

Tatistchev,  Basil  (1686-1750),  a  Rus- 
sian statesman  and  historian:  his 
history  of  Russia,  15,  151,  195 

Tat-ka-ra-Assa  (ca.  2600  B.  C.)»  King 
of  Egypt:  reign  of,  1,  16 

Tatsumi,  a  contemporary  Japanese 
military  officer:  his  campaigns  in 
the  Chino-Japanese  War,  7,  267 

Ta-tung-kan,  Manchuria:  taken  by  the 
Japanese,  7,  268 

Tatwil,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1351), 
13,  376 

Tau  Tze-tung  (d.  1899),  a  Chinese 
reformer:   executed,   6,  294 

Taurisci,  a  Celtic  people  in  ancient 
Noricum:  location  of,  17,  11;  defeat- 
ed by  the  Romans,  11 

Tauromenium,  the  Roman  name  of 
Taormina,  Sicily:  captured  by  Ro- 
mans,  3,    173 

Tausen,  Hans  (16th  century),  a  Dan- 
ish priest:  preaching  of,  16,  193 

Tavannes,  Gaspard  de  Saulx  de  (1509- 
I573).  a  marshal  of  France:  at  bat- 
tle of  Jarnac,  9,  156;  gives  the  or- 
ders for  the  Massacre  of  Saint  Bar- 
tholomew, 157 

Tavira,  Spanish  minister  to  Chili 
(1865):  recalled  from  Chili,  21,  220 


Tawara-saka,  Kinshu,  Japan:  battle  of 
7,   180 

Taxation: 

AFRICA:  Oil  Rivers,  19,  159;  in 
Egypt,  267;  in  the  Transvaal,  279 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  in  the  17th 
century,  17,  188,  189;  the  right  of 
voting  certain  of  the  indirect  taxes 
taken  from  the  diets,  258;  customs, 
262;  under  Chotek,  262;  under  Jo- 
seph II,  268;  under  Leopold  II, 
275;  tax  on  printed  matter,  289;  tax 
on  coupons,  402 

BOHEMIA:  by  nobles,  17,  67; 
power  of  the  diet,  83,  84;  crown  rev- 
enues formed  by  captains,  114;  Cath- 
olic clergy  taxed,  138;  diet  gives 
all  legislative  functions,  retaining 
only  the  right  of  giving  its  consent 
to  the  taxes,  209 

CANADA:  inequality  of,  20,  153; 
direct,  166 

CHINA:  effect  of  an  overflowing  of 
the  Yellow  River,  6,  255 
CUBA:  condition  from  1893  to 
1898,  22,  481;  internal,  487 
DENMARK:  toll  tax  on  vessels, 
16,  127;  Ditmarshers  refuse  to  pay 
taxes  to  Holstein  princes,  196 
ENGLAND:  Danegeld  paid,  11,  57, 
58;  Domesday  Book,  79;  end  of  the 
Danegeld,  101;  Saladin  Tithe  in 
England,  no;  on  movable  goods, 
113;  under  Walter  Hubert,  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  114;  under 
King  John,  122;  fixed  feudal  reliefs, 
127;  right  of  Great  Council,  134; 
Edward  I  increases  export  duty  on 
wool,  144;  provision  of  Confirmatio 
Cartarum,  150;  export  duties  on 
wool  under  Edward  III,  159;  tall- 
age, 162;  Parliament  imposes  a  poll- 
tax,  174;  impositions  of  James  I, 
309;  tonnage  and  poundage,  324, 
327;  decrees  of  Parliament,  339;  de- 
cision of  the  Rump,  373,  374;  on 
colonies,  11,  509,  20,  108,  125,  127; 
Burke's  theory,  ix,  510;  income  tax, 
602,  604;  on  sugar,  20,  244 
FRANCE:  feudal  dues,  9,  63;  for 
the  second  crusade,  74;  under 
Philip    IV,    89;    la    gabelle    and    an 


GENERAL    INDEX 


687 


"  aide,"  97;  arbitrary,  102;  taxes  abol- 
ished, 107;  direct  permanent  tax, 
117;  effect  of  the  wars  of  Louis 
XII,  135;  "Pancarte  Tax,"  173; 
burden  of,  193;  taille  reduced,  200; 
only  by  edict,  200;  on  colonies,  9, 
214,  20,  72;  under  Colbert,  9,  215; 
heavy,  234;  raised,  256;  under  the 
councils,  10,  4;  clergy,  7,  21;  ine- 
quality of,  9;  new  species  of,  11; 
Quesnay's  theory,  14;  nobility  ex- 
empt, 21;  under  Malesherbes,  26; 
reforms  by  Turgot,  9,  253,  10,  27; 
under  Necker,  9,  254,  10,  28,  106; 
under  Calonne,  9,  258,  10,  31;  under 
Lomenie  of  Brienne,  Archbishop  of 
Sens,  9,  258,  10,  33;  appeal  to  priv- 
ileged orders,  10,  40;  decree  of  na- 
tional assembly,  49;  sacrifices  by 
privileged  classes,  75;  tithes  abol- 
ished, 109;  excise,  423;  Cambon's 
report,  425;  under  Napoleon,  448; 
annual  voting  of,  9,  356;  associa- 
tion concerning,  389;  reduced,  398; 
reduction  promised,  458 
GERMANY:  under  Frederick  Wil- 
liam II,  18,  354;  the  navigation  of 
the  Rhine  released  from  taxation, 
392;  the  Zollverein  established,  395; 
right  of  Prussia,  430;  under  the  em- 
pire, 444 

GREECE:  modern  times,  2,  547 
HUNGARY:  demands  of  diet,  17, 
253;  Magyar  comitats  refuse  to  pay, 
337;  participation  by  nobles,  368 
INDIA:  under  Akbar,  5,  116;  land 
tax  under  Lord  Cornwallis,  195; 
under  Munro,  212;  under  Lord  Wil- 
liam Bentinck,  213;  under  James  Wil- 
son, 243;  under  Samuel  Laing,  244; 
on  salt,  250;  under  Baron  North- 
brook,  253;  taxes  revived,  274;  under 
Lord  Curzon,  282;  reduction  of 
taxes  under  Edward  VII,  288;  re- 
form, 291;  connection  with  famine, 
387 

IRELAND:  Boru  tax,  12,  39;  on 
estates,  135;  Commons'  right  of, 
178;  Church-rate  or  Church-cess, 
195 

JAPAN:  new  taxes,  7,  23;  effect  of 
usurpation  of  fertile  lands  by  nobles 


and  temples,  50;  under  Yoshimasa, 
97;  non-payment  of  taxes,  99;  land 
regulations,  115;  land  tax,  145,  222; 
regulations,  183;  increased,  217;  un- 
der Matsukata,  218;  increased  tax 
measures,  227;  negation  of  land  tax, 
235;  increased  and  new  taxes,  240 
MEXICO:    under    Montezuma,    22, 

15,  48;  tribute  to  Spain,  30,  103; 
under  Philip  II,  139;  on  the  Indians, 
196;  on  metals,  209;  for  war,  230 
NETHERLANDS:  provision  of 
contract  at  Cortenbergh,  13,  32;  to 
support  mercenaries,  45;  on  Flan- 
ders and  Ghent,  58;  under  Alva,  no; 
in  Flanders,  114;  under  Requesens, 
116;  at  the  close  of  the  16th  cen- 
tury, 171;  in  Holland,  269;  on  the 
Belgians,  294 

NORWAY:    tribute    to    Denmark, 

16,  29;  right  of,  261 

PERSIA:  under  Khusru  Anushir- 
wan,  5,  320;  present  status  of,  372, 

373 

ROME:  on  land,  3,  40;  under  the 
monarchy,  376,  389;  under  Augustus, 
4,  37;  under  Antoninus,  94,  95;  un- 
der Diocletian,  115 
RUSSIA:  under  the  Tartars,  15, 
10;  on  beards,  71;  tax  on  salt  re- 
mitted, 172;  consent  of  council,  105; 
remission  of,  128;  under  Alexander, 
217;  reforms  of  Nicholas  II,  347, 
357 

SCOTLAND:  on  ale,  12,  364 
SOUTH      AMERICA:      Argentine 
Republic,  21,  122;  Bolivia,  234;  Bra- 
zil, 255;   Chili,  225,  226 
SPAIN:  revenues,  8,  429 
SWEDEN:     new    taxes,     16,     133; 
lightened,    226;    right    of    diet,    247, 
252;  reduction  of  land  tax,  279;  in- 
come tax,  280 

SWITZERLAND:  in  Zurich,  13, 
386;  monasteries  assessed,  386;  on 
Appenzell,  390;  in  Lucerne,  416;  im- 
perial, 417;  bailiffs,  424;  demand  of 
peasants,  437;  by  towns,  468;  revolts 
concerning,  469;  war  tax,  513;  alco- 
hol tax,   579 

TURKEY:  on  Christians,  14,  95; 
under  Suleiman  the  Great,  184,  186, 


688 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


187;  under  Ibrahim,  227;  increased 
by  Mustapha,  262;  coffee  tax,  14,  265; 
under  Ahmed  III  of  Turkey,  293; 
military  exemption  tax  of  Chris- 
tians, 440;  reforms  in,  442;  legislative 
consent,  479;  under  Abdul  Hamid, 
491 

UNITED  STATES:  in  colony  of 
Massachusetts,  23,  100;  equality  of, 
granted  in  New  York,  104;  reserved 
to  Parliament  by  Penn's  charter, 
111;  in  New  England,  123,  124,  125; 
in  southern  colonies,  149;  policy  of 
England,  207,  213;  partial  repeal  of, 
216;  tea  tax,  218;  Congress  not  in- 
vested with  power  of  taxing,  293; 
power  of  Congress  and  States,  304; 
apportionment  of,  328;  tariff  act  of 
I/89,  347;  excise  tax  on  whiskey, 
366;  under  Federalists,  392;  on  cir- 
culation of  Second  United  States 
Bank,  sought  by  Maryland,  440;  for 
war,  24,  739,  819;  South  Carolina, 
866;  New  Orleans,  867;  Acts  of 
1870,  1872  and  1873,  898;  tariff  ques- 
tion in  campaign  of  1884,  946;  Wil- 
son Tariff  Law,  995;  income  tax, 
996;  revenue  for  Spanish-American 
War,  1026;  in  Porto  Rico,  1036;  in 
Philippine  Islands,  20,  376,  379,  382; 
war  taxes  repealed,  24,  1051;  on  al- 
cohol, 1083 

WEST  INDIES:  conditions  at  be- 
ginning of  19th  century,  20,  237; 
conditions  in  the  Dutch  possessions, 
287;  in  Hayti,  22,  497 

Taxation  Without  Representation,  the 
motto  of  the  American  colonists 
in  the  Revolutionary  War:  opposed 
in  New  Jersey  (1686-1702),  23,  109 

Tax-farmers,  agents  who  collected  the 
revenues  in  Roman  provinces:  ad- 
vent of,  3,  39 

Taxfin  ben  AH,  ruler  of  Spain,  1126- 
1145:  made  governor  of  Spain,  8, 
95;  reign  of,  96 

Taxiles,  a  general  of  Mithridates  the 
Great:  at  the  battle  of  Chaeronea, 
3,  218 

Tayef,  a  fortress  in  Arabia:  siege  of 
1,  232 

Taygetus     Mountains,     a     mountain 


range  in  Greece:   description  of,  2, 
15 

Taylor,  Hudson  (19th  century),  an 
English  missionary  in  China:  in 
China  Inland  Mission,  6,  221 

Taylor,  Reynell  George  (1822-1886), 
an  English  official  in  India:  his 
career  in  India,  5,  223 

Taylor,  Richard  (1826-1879),  a  Con- 
federate general:  surrenders,  24, 
814 

Taylor,  Zachary,  an  American  general 
and  statesman,  President  of  the 
United  States,  March  4,  1849-July 
9,  1850:  born  in  Orange  County, 
Virginia,  September  24,  1784;  edu- 
cated in  Kentucky;  entered  the  army 
in  1808,  and  married  Margaret 
Smith  in  1810;  in  the  War  of  1812 
he  served  as  captain  against  the 
Indians;  obtained  the  rank  of  colo- 
nel in  1832  and  served  in  Black 
Hawk  War;  defeated  the  Seminoles 
at  Okechobee  in  December,  1837, 
and  was  appointed  commander-in- 
chief  of  army  in  Florida  in  April, 
1838;  about  1840  he  purchased  an 
estate  near  Baton  Rouge  on  which 
he  settled;  he  commanded  an  army 
which  was  sent  in  the  summer  of 
1845  to  Corpus  Christi;  gained  two 
other  victories  and  was  promoted 
to  major-general;  was  successful  at 
battle  at  Buena  Vista;  in  June,  1848, 
he  was  nominated  as  candidate  for 
the  Presidency  by  the  Whig  Na- 
tional Convention  and  was  elected 
in  November;  was  inaugurated, 
March  4,  1849;  in  his  message  of 
December,  1849,  the  President  rec- 
ommended the  admission  of  Cali- 
fornia, which  was  opposed  by  the 
Southern  members  of  Congress; 
this  difficulty  was  settled  by  Clay's 
Compromise  Bill;  before  the  passage 
of  this  compromise  bill  President 
Taylor  died,  July  9,  1850 

Early  life,  24,  592;  character,  593; 
his  campaigns  in  the  Mexican  War, 
22,  288,  24,  545;  at  battles  of  Palo 
Alto  and  Resaca  de  la  Palma,  24, 
547;  at  siege  of  Monterey,  548;  occu- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


689 


pies  Matamoras,  548;  candidate  for 
President,  557;  election,  559;  inau- 
guration, 593;  recommends  admis- 
sion of  California,  599;  death,  609 

Tchekmedji,  Bridge  of,  Turkey:  built, 
14,  188 

Tchenguyz  Khan:  see  Genghis  Khan 

Tchernaya,  a  small  river  in  Crimea: 
battle  of  the  (1855),  9,  448,  15,  321 

Tcherniaiev  (Tcherniayef),  Mikhail 
Grigorievitch  (1828-1898),  a  Russian 
general:  demonstrations  in  Prague 
in  favor  of,  17,  420 

Tchesme  (Chesme),  Asia  Minor: 
Turkish  fleet  destroyed  at  (1770), 
14,  327,  15,  178 

Tchin,  a  table  of  ranks  in  Russia, 
which  classifies  all  the  free  inhabit- 
ants in  their  ecclesiastical,  civil,  or 
military  capacity:  institution  of,  15, 

73 

Tchitchagov  (Tchitschakoff),  Paul 
Vassilievitch  (1765-1849),  a  Russian 
admiral:  defeats  the  Swedes,  15, 
188;  his  campaign  against  Napo- 
leon, 9,  342,  15,  219 

Tcholyuskin  (early  18th  century),  a 
Russian  Arctic  explorer:  explora- 
tions of,  16,  305 

Tea:  introduced  in  England,  II,  418; 
taxed  by  the  Townshend  Acts,  23, 
215;  American  colonists  refuse  to 
allow  taxed  tea  to  be  brought  into 
America,  219 

"Tearless  Battle,"  The,  a  battle  in 
Greece   (367  B.  C),  2,  AAA 

Tears,  The  Queen  of:  see  Mary  of 
Modena,  wife  of  James  II  of  Eng- 
land 

Tebego,  Paraguay:  founded,  31,  152 

Tecoac,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1876),  22, 
406 

Tecumseh  (ca.  1768-1813),  an  Amer- 
ican Indian  chief:  member  of  Shaw- 
nee tribe,  23,  8;  seeks  to  form  In- 
dian Confederacy,  416;  killed  at  Bat- 
tle of  the  Thames,  425 

"Tecumseh,"  an  iron-clad  vessel  in 
the  United  States  navy  during  the 
Civil  War:  destroyed  in  Mobile 
Bay,  24,  798 


Teeling,  Bartholomew  (d.  1798),  an 
Irish  insurgent:  death  of,  12,  214 

Tefnekht  (Tnephakhthos),  Egyptian 
king,  ca.  75  B.  C:  defeat  of,  1,  30 

Tegea,  an  ancient  city  in  Greece:  feud 
with  Mantinea,  2,  18;  submits  to 
Sparta,  76;  troops  of,  at  Plataea, 
210;  battle  at,  237;  troops  of,  at 
Mantinea,  325;  massacre  at,  438; 
troubles  at,  447 

Tegethoff  (Tegetthoff),  Baron  Wil- 
helm  von  (1827-1871),  an  Austrian 
admiral:  at  battle  of  Lissa,  17,  392 

Tegnapatam  (Fort  St.  David),  a 
ruined  town  on  the  coast  of  India, 
south  of  Pondicherry:  founded,  5, 
166 

Tegner,  Esaias  (1782-1846),  a  Swed- 
ish poet:   sketch  of,   16,  264 

Teher:  see  Takhos 

Teheran,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
England  and  Persia  for  mutual  mili- 
tary aid  (1814),  5,  360 

Teias  (Teja)  (d.  553  A.  D.),  King  of 
the  Ostrogoths,  552-553  A.  D.: 
elected  king,  4,  161;  reign  of,  18, 
50 

Teignmouth,  Lord:  see  Shore,  Sir 
John 

Teiling,  Frischhans  (d.  1487),  a  Swiss 
soldier:  sketch  of,  13,  414 

Teispes  (7th  century  B.  C),  a  Kim- 
merian  chief:  defeated  by  Esarhad- 
don,  1,  89 

Tekeli,  Count  Emeric  (1659-1705),  a 
Hungarian  patriot:  rebellion  of,  14, 
269 

Telamon,  in  ancient  geography,  a 
place  on  the  coast  of  Etruria,  Italy: 
battle  of,  3,  109 

Telegraphs,  Swiss:  pass  into  the  con- 
trol of  the  government,  13,  578 

Teleki,  Vladislas  (19th  century),  a 
Magyar  leader:  attempts  to  obtain 
foreign  aid  for  the  Magyars,  17, 
372 

Tel-el- Amarna :   see  Tell-el-Amarna 

Tel-el-Kebir:    see    Tell-el-Kebir 

Telemaque,  The  Northern:  see  Alex- 
ander   I,    Emperor    of    Russia 

Telford,  Thomas  (1757-1834),  a  Scot- 


690 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


tish  civil  engineer:  sketch  of,  12, 
375;  improves  roads  in  Scotland  and 
Wales,  11,  589 

Telha  (7th  century),  an  Arabian  chief: 
rebels  against  Ali  Talib,  I,  245 

Telissu,   Manchuria:   battle  of,  7,  310 

Tell,  William,  a  Swiss  hero  and  pa- 
triot, called  The  Mountain  Brutus: 
born  in  the  Canton  of  Uri  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  13th  century; 
in  1307,  he  entered  into  a  league 
with  his  father-in-law  and  others 
to  resist  the  tyranny  of  the  Aus- 
trian governor,  Hermann  Gess- 
ler,  who  insolently  required  the 
Swiss  to  make  obeisance  to  his  hat, 
which  was  hung  up  in  public;  Tell 
refused  to  comply,  upon  which 
Gessler  commanded  him  to  shoot 
an  apple  from  the  head  of  his  son 
and  if  he  failed  to  hit  the  mark,  his 
life  should  be  the  penalty,  but  he 
struck  the  apple;  he  was  then  taken 
prisoner  on  the  governor's  vessel, 
but  during  a  violent  storm  while  he 
was  steering  the  boat  he  sprang  to 
the  shore;  Gessler  landing  soon 
after  was  shot  by  Tell;  according  to 
tradition,  William  Tell  was  drowned 
about  1350  while  attempting  to  save 
a   child 

Legends  of,  13,  367 

Tell-el-Amarna,  a  residence  of  Amen- 
ophis  IV,  in  Egypt:  made  capital 
of  Egypt,  1,  24 

Tell-el-Kebir,  Lower  Egypt:  battle 
of  (1882),  1,  40,  5,  259,  11,  634,  14, 
497,  19,  267 

Teller,   Henry  Moore   (1830 ),  an 

American  lawyer  and  politician: 
leader  of  Free  Silver  Republicans 
(1896),  24,    1012 

Tello,  Don  (14th  century),  Spanish 
prince,  brother  of  Pedro  the  Cruel: 
rebellions  of,  8,  164;  at  battle  of 
Logroho,  168 

Temenus,  legendary  Dorian  hero:  ac- 
count of,  2,  48 

Temes,  a  river  in  southern  Hungary: 
battle  of  the  (ca.  1080),  17,  51 

Temesvar,    Hungary:   battles    of   (101 


A.  D.),  17,  13;  (1513),  168;  siege  of 

(1716),  14,  289 
Temesvar,  Banate  of:  occupied  by  the 

Dacians,  17,  11 
Temesvar,  Diet  of,  council  to  lay  the 

basis  for  the  representative  system 

of  government  in   Hungary   (1397), 

17,  155 

Temin  ben  Yussef  (early  12th  cen- 
tury), brother  of  the  Emperor  Ali, 
general  of  the  Almoravides:  his 
campaign  against  the  Christians,  8, 
91;  his  campaign  against  Moham- 
med ben  Abdalla,  94;  defeated  by 
Alfonso  I  of  Aragon,  233 

Temmu  (Prince  Kusakabe),  Emperor 
of  Japan,  673-690  A.  D.:  rebellion 
of,  7,  29;  reign  of,  30;  aids  the 
spreading  of  Buddhism,  31 

Tempe,  Vale  of,  Greece:  location  of, 
2,  8;  Xerxes  in,  185 

Templars,  Knights,  chivalrous  order: 
account  of,  18,  173;  suppression  of, 
8,  158,  249,  9,  88 

Temple,  Colonel  (16th  century),  Eng- 
lish officer:  his  campaign  in  the 
Netherlands,  13,  122 

Temple,  Henry  John,  Viscount  Palm- 
erston:  see  Palmerston,  Henry  John 
Temple,  Viscount 

Temple,  Richard,  Baron  Temple 
(1850 ),  English  officer:  his  ca- 
reer in  India,  5,  223;  sketch  of,  251; 
in  charge  of  the  famine  relief  ad- 
ministration, 255 

Temple,  The,  of  Jerusalem:  built,  1, 
388;  restored,  402;  rebuilt  by  Herod 
the  Great,  409 

Temple  of  Music,  Buffalo:  President 
McKinley  shot  during  reception  in, 
24,  1049 

Temuchin,  Temuchen,  Temudjin,  or 
Temujin:  see   Genghis  Khan 

Ten  Thousand,  governing  body  of  Ar- 
cadia: account  of,  2,  440 

Ten  Thousand,  Retreat  of  the,  the  re- 
turn of  the  Greek  mercenaries  who 
had  served  under  Cyrus  the  Young- 
er against  the  Persians  (401  B.  C.) : 
account  of,  2,  389 

Ten  Years'  War,  name  given  to  the 


GENERAL    INDEX 


691 


first  Cuban  struggle  for  independ- 
ence  (1868-1878),  22,  453 

Tenchi  (Prince  Nakano-oye),  Emperor 
of  Japan,  668-672:  plots  against 
Soga-no-Iruka,  7,  20;  reign  of,  25 

Tencteri  (Tencteres),  German  tribe: 
migration  of,  3,  301;  defeated  by 
Caesar,  18,  12 

Tendai,    Buddhist    sect:    founded,    7, 

4i 

Teneriffe,  Mount:  see  Mount  Tene- 
riffe 

Teniers,  David  (1582-1649),  Flemish 
painter:  sketch  of,  13,  220 

Tennessee,  one  of  the  United  States, 
means  "  the  river  of  the  big  bend  " 
and  is  called  Big  Bend  State: 
Scotch-Irish  and  Germans  settle, 
23,  126;  riflemen  at  New  Orleans, 
428;  admitted,  451;  slave  state,  452; 
charges  of  legislature  against  Adams 
and  Clay,  465;  legislature  repudiates 
President  and  renominates  Jackson, 
474;  Jackson's  removal  to,  477;  Polk 
elected  governor  (1839),  24,  540; 
separated  from  North  Carolina,  567; 
Presidential  election  of  i860,  683; 
secedes,  719;  military  operations  in, 
742,  773,  783;  effort  to  draw  Sher- 
man into,  803;  agriculture,  831;  re- 
construction policy  of  Lincoln,  833; 
reconstructed,  834;  Ku-Klux-Klan 
said  to  have  originated  in,  868;  Dem- 
ocrats regain  control,  873;  yellow 
fever  epidemic,  923 

"Tennessee,"  Confederate  frigate:  de- 
scription of,  24,  798 

Tennyson,  Alfred,  Lord  (1809-1892), 
English  poet:  sketch  of,  II,  613 

Tenochititlan:  see  Mexico,  City  of 

Tenure  of  Office  Act,  a  measure 
passed  over  the  veto  of  President 
Johnson  to  prevent  him  from  re- 
moving without  the  consent  of  the 
Senate  all  officers  whose  appoint- 
ment required  the  confirmation  of 
the  Senate:  passed,  24,  850;  modi- 
fied, 863;  repealed,  951 

Teocalli  (House  of  God),  Mexican  re- 
ligious edifice:  description  of,  22, 
28 


Teos,  Asia  Minor:  revolts  from  Ath- 
ens, 2,  352 

Teplitz,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  of  alli- 
ance between  the  monarchs  of  Rus- 
sia, Austria,  and  Prussia  against  Na- 
poleon   (1813):    account  of,   17,  308 

Terburg  (Ter  Borch),  Gerard  (1608- 
1681),  Dutch  painter:  sketch  of,  13, 
220 

Terentilius  Arsa,  Gaius,  Roman  trib- 
une of  the  people,  462  B.  C:  re- 
forms of,  3,  44 

Teresa  of  Portugal  (12th  century), 
daughter  of  Sancho  I:  marries  Al- 
fonso IV  of  Leon,  8,  277 

Tergoes,  the  Netherlands:  siege  of 
(1572),   13,   114 

Ternate,  one  of  the  Dutch  East  In- 
dies: taken  by  the  English  (1810), 
20,  143 

Terra  Australis,  fabulous  continent 
round  the  South  Pole:  Cook  search- 
es for,  20,  123 

Terra  Firma,  name  given  by  Columbus 
to  the  South  American  continent: 
conquest  of,  20,  50;  made  part  of 
New  Granada,  104 

Terray,  Joseph  Marie,  Abbe  (1715- 
1778),  French  financier:  controleur- 
general  of  finances,  9,  249,  10,  12; 
account  of,  10,  25  note 

Terre  Napoleon:  see  Australia 

Terrien  de  Lacouperie,  Professor 
(late  19th  century),  French  ethnolo- 
gist: his  investigations  in  China, 
6,  4 

Territorial  Expansion:  see  Expansion, 
Territorial 

Territories,  portions  of  the  United 
States  which  have  not  yet  received 
the  rights  of  states:  powers  of  Con- 
gress over,  23,  452;  exclusion  of 
slavery  from,  24,  659;  plenary  pow- 
ers of  Congress  respecting  slavery 
in,  660;  Jefferson  Davis's  resolutions 
respecting  slavery  in,  678 

"Terror,"  English  Arctic  exploring 
vessel:  placed  in  commission,  24, 
1008 

Terror,  Reign  of  (March,  1793-July, 
1794),    the    period    during    the    first 


692 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


French  Revolution  in  which  the  rul- 
ing faction  executed  all  persons  who 
were  considered  obnoxious  to  their 
government:  account  of,  9,  285,  10, 
265,  11,  542 

Terror,  The  King  of:  see  Robespierre, 
Maximilien  Marie  Isidore 

Terry,  Alfred  Howe  (1 827-1 890), 
American  general:  in  expedition 
against  Sitting  Bull,  24,  905 

Tertullus  (5th  century  A.  D.),  leader 
of  the  Pagan  party  in  Rome:  made 
consul,  4,  141 

Teschen,  Treaty  of,  peace  between 
Austria  and  Prussia  to  terminate 
the  war  of  the  Bavarian  Succession 
(1719),  17,  250 

Tesse,  Rene  de  Froulai,  Count  of 
(early  18th  century),  French  gen- 
eral: in  the  War  of  the  Spanish 
Succession,  9,  222 

Test  Act,  an  act  by  which  no  one  was 
to  hold  office  who  refused  to  make 
a  declaration  of  his  disbelief  in  the 
doctrine  of  Transubstantiation  and 
to  receive  the  Sacrament  according 
to  the  rites  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land (1673),  11,  399 

Testaments,  Old  and  New:  see  Bible 

Teste  (19th  century),  French  peer: 
scandal   concerning,   9,  428 

Testry,  France:  battle  of  (687  A.  D.), 
9,  35,  18,  69 

Teta,  King  of  Egypt,  ca.  3300  B.  C: 
reign  of,  1,  15 

Tetricus,  Caius  Pivesus  (3rd  century 
A.  D.),  Roman  senator:  surrenders 
to   Aurelian,  9,   13 

Tetuan,  Morocco:  battle  of  (i860),  8, 

507 

Tetzel  (Tezel,  Diez,  Deze),  Johann 
(1455-1519),  German  Dominican 
monk:  sketch  of,  18,  236 

Teucer  of  Salamis,  leader  of  Achai- 
ans:  legend  of,  2,  57 

Teuhtls  (16th  century),  native  Mex- 
ican governor:  receives  Cortez,  22, 

14 
Teutoboch  (ca.  100  B.  C.)>  Prince  of 

the  Teutons:  taken  prisoner  by  the 

Romans,  18,  5 
Teutoburger    Forest,    Germany:    bat- 


tles of  (9  A.  D.),  18,  18;  (15  A.  D.), 
20;  (782  A.  D.),  82 

Teutonic  (German)  Order  of  Knights, 
a  military  order  founded  at  Acre 
in  Palestine  in  1190:  description  of, 
18,  173;  colonize  the  Prussians,  15, 
375;  realm  of,  18,  195;  army  of, 
defeated  by  Poles  and  Lithuanians, 
199;  revolt  against,  215;  Albert  of 
Brandenburg  as  Grand  Master  of, 
15,  215 

Teutons,  a  people  of  central  Europe: 
characteristics  of,  20,  7,  25;  naviga- 
tion of,  10;  invade  Roman  terri- 
tory, 18,  4;  see  also  Germans 

Teuts  (ca.  3rd  century  B.  C),  Queen 
of  the  Ulyrians:  pays  tribute  to 
Rome,  17,  11 

Tewfik  (1852-1892),  Khedive  of  Egypt, 
1879-1892:  succeeds  Ismail  Pasha, 
14,  496;  reign  of,  1,  39 

Texas,  a  state  of  the  United  States, 
was  so  named  from  an  Indian  con- 
federation called  "  Texas,"  "  Tejas," 
or  "  Friends,"  and  is  called  the  Lone 
Star  State:  settled,  22,  180,  183; 
United  States  gives  up  claims  to, 
23,  445,  24,  531;  refused  annexation, 

23,  515;  importation  of  slaves  for- 
bidden, 24,  532;  efforts  of  United 
States  to  purchase,  532;  united  with 
Coahuila,  532;  revolt  of,  22,  272,  24, 
534;  Declaration  of  Independence 
adopted,  24,  534;  independence  rec- 
ognized, 534;  annexation  of,  22,  282, 

24,  535,  539;  western  boundary  dis- 
pute, 24,  600;  government  of  the 
United  States  assumes  debt  of,  in 
Compromise  of  1850,  601;  boundary 
dispute  of,  with  New  Mexico  in 
Compromise  of  1850,  601;  state  elec- 
tions of  1855,  646;  delegates  with- 
draw from  Democratic  convention 
(i860),  679;  secession,  689;  Confed- 
erates seize  Fort  Brown,  691;  com- 
plies with  Johnson's  scheme  of  re- 
construction, 845;  under  military 
rule,  847;  readmitted,  848;  in  Presi- 
dential election  (1868),  860;  read- 
mitted to  representation,  863;  Dem- 
ocrats regain  control  in,  873;  end  of 
carpet-bag  rule,  873 


GENERAL    INDEX 


693 


Texeira,  Gonsalvo  de  (17th  century), 
Portuguese  diplomat:  envoy  to  Chi- 
na, 6,  44 

Texel,  island  in  the  North  Sea:  bat- 
tle of  (1673),  11,  399 

Texte  du  Sacre,  the  book  upon  which 
the  French  kings  took  their  oath 
of  coronation:  account  of,  15,  86 

Thabcr,  Mount:  see  Mount  Thabor 

Thackeray,  William  Makepeace  (1811- 
1863),  English  novelist  and  humor- 
ist: sketch  of,  11,  612 

Thags,  Indian  hereditary  assassins: 
suppression  of,  5,  214 

Thalaba  ben  Salema  (8th  century  A. 
D.),  Syrian  leader:  his  campaign 
in  Spain,  8,  65 

Thales  of  Miletus  (ca.  640-550  B.  C.)» 
Ionian  philosopher,  2,   115 

Thamas  or  Thamasp:  see  Tamasp 

Thames,  The,  a  river  in  Canada:  bat- 
tle of  (1813),  24,  525 

Thaneswar,  India:  battle  of  (1191),  5, 

94 

Thanet,  Isle  of,  an  island  at  the  east- 
ern extremity  of  Kent,  England: 
Jutes  land  in,  II,  17;  Northmen 
plunder,  42;  Louis  the  Lion  lands 
on,  128 

Thangbrand  (9th  century  A.  D.), 
Saxon  priest:  his  mission  in  Nor- 
way, 16,  56 

Thankmar  (10th  century  A.  D.),  -Ger- 
man conspirator:  conspiracy  of,  18, 
109 

Thann,  Alsace-Lorraine:  battle  of 
(1809),  9,  335 

Thannyras,  King  of  Libya:  accession, 
1,  33 

Thapsus,  Africa:  battle  of  (46  B.  C), 
3,  358 

Thasos,  an  island  in  the  JEgean  Sea: 
a  Phoenician  possession,  2,  27;  re- 
volts from  Athens,  235;  revolts  a 
second  time  and  is  recovered,  367; 
taken  by  Etonicus,  376 

Thauss,  central  Europe:  battle  of 
(1431),    18,  210 

Thayendanegea:  see  Brant,  Joseph 

Thayer,  Eli  (19th  century),  American 
politician:  directs  organization  of 
Emigrant-Aid   Society,   23,   647 


Thebau,  Burmese  king,  1878-1885:  at 
war  with  the  British,  5,  266 

Thebes  (Diospolis,  No-Amen),  city  of 
ancient  Egypt:  location  of,  1,  6; 
made  the  capital  of  Egypt,  18;  de- 
stroyed by  Assyrians,  90 

Thebes,  city  in  Bceotia,  Greece:  pre- 
dominence  of,  2,  13;  rise  in  Boeo- 
tian League,  47;  at  war  with  Ath- 
ens, 143,  244,  245;  joins  Xerxes,  196; 
troops  of,  at  Plataea,  211;  taken  by 
the  Greeks,  211;  freed,  248;  foments 
Peloponnesian  war,  262;  makes  at- 
tempt on  Plataea,  277;  troops  of,  at 
Delium,  311;  advocates  destruction 
of  Athens,  377;  insults  Agesilaus, 
393;  war  of,  with  Sparta,  397,  428; 
suffers  the  peace  of  Antalcides,  419; 
seized  by  Phoebidas,  422;  freed  by 
the  exiles,  424;  supremacy  of,  in 
Greece,  469;  strife  of,  with  Phocis, 
459;  joins  Athenian  alliance,  476; 
troops  of,  at  Chaeroneia,  477;  taken 
by  Philip,  478;  destroyed  by  Alex- 
ander, 486 

Thelwall  (18th  century),  English  sub- 
ject: trial  of,  11,  543 

Themistocles,  an  Athenian  statesman, 
orator,  and  commander  of  great 
celebrity:  born  about  514  B.  C;  was 
a  son  of  Neocles  and  a  citizen  of 
Athens;  in  early  life  he  was  ad- 
dicted to  pleasure,  but,  having  lost 
his  patrimonial  estate  he  changed 
his  entire  course  of  life;  he  spent 
his  leisure  hours  and  vacation  in 
composing  declamations;  his  prin- 
cipal rival,  Aristides,  was  ostracized 
in  483  B.  C,  after  which  Themis- 
tocles became  the  foremost  states- 
man of  Athens;  he  was  elected 
archon  eponymus  in  481,  and  when 
Xerxes  invaded  Greece  he  was  chos- 
en commander-in-chief;  he  induced 
the  people  of  Athens  to  abandon 
the  city  and  embark  in  the  fleet;  the 
Greeks  gained  a  decisive  victory  at 
the  great  naval  battle  of  Salamis, 
480  B.  C,  due  to  the  sagacity  and 
conduct  of  Themistocles;  in  471  B. 
C.  he  was  banished  by  ostracism 
and  retired  to  Argos;  having  been 


694 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


accused  of  treason  he  sought  refuge 
at  the  court  of  Persia  in  465,  and 
was  kindly  treated  by  Artaxerxes 
over  whom  he  acquired  much  influ- 
ence; died  or  killed  himself  in  Per- 
sia about  449  B.  C. 

Character  of,  2,  160;  founds  Pei- 
raeus,  161;  fosters  Athenian  navy, 
175;  convokes  congress  of  Corinth, 
178;  commands  in  Thessaly,  185; 
commands  at  Artemisium,  189;  ad- 
vocates evacuation  of  Athens,  196; 
disputes  with  the  admirals,  199;  se- 
cret dealings  of,  with  Xerxes,  202, 
205;  his  embassy  to  Sparta,  225;  his 
exile  and  death,  230 

Theobald:  see  Thibault 

Theodatus,  Gothic  king,  ca.  534-536 
A.  D.:  reign  of,  4,  159 

Theodebald,  Frankish  king,  547-554 
A.  D.:  reign  of,  9,  25 

Theodebald  (8th  century  A.  D.), 
grandson  of  Pippin  of  Heristal: 
made  mayor  of  the  palace,  9,  36 

Theodebert  I  (504-547  A.  D.),  Frank- 
ish king,  King  of  Austrasia:  acces- 
sion of,  9,  25 

Theodebert  II,  Frankish  King,  King 
of  Austrasia,  ca.  596-600  A.  D.: 
reign  of,  9,  30 

Theodemir  (d.  after  713  A.  D.),  chief 
of  the   Visigoths:    concludes   treaty 

•  with  Saracens,  1,  316;  defeated  by 
the  Saracens,  8,  48;  reign  of,  50 

Theodolinda  (Theodolind),  Queen  of 
Lombardy,  589-625  A.  D. :  marries 
Autharis,  King  of  Lombardy,  4, 
166;  persuades  her  people  to  become 
Christians,  18,  53 

Theodora  (10th  century  A.  D.),  Ro- 
man courtesan:  her  influence  on  the 
Papacy,  4,  182 

Theodora  (14th  century),  Greek  prin- 
cess: married  to  Orkhan,  14,  25 

Theodore  of  Tarsus,  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  669-690  A.  D.:  conse- 
crated, 11,  37;  introduces  peniten- 
tial system,  38;  founds  school  at 
Canterbury,  38 

Theodored,  King  of  the  Visigoths, 
419-451  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8,  37 


Theodoric  I   (Theuderic  or  Thierry), 

Frankish  king,  511-534:  his  cam- 
paign against  Auvergne,  9,  20;  reign 
of,  9,  24,  18,  60 

Theodoric  II  (d.  613),  Frankish  king: 
reign  of,  9,  30;  assisted  by  Clotar 
II,  18,  64 

Theodoric  III  (d.  691),  Frankish  king: 
reign  of,  9,  34;  captured  by  Pippin 
of  Heristal,  18,  69 

Theodoric  IV  (d.  737),  Frankish  king: 
reign  of,  9,  37 

Theodoric  the  Great  (455-526),  King 
of  the  Ostrogoths,  475-526:  career 
of,  18,  45;  invasion  of,  2,  532,  4, 
155;  takes  possession  of  Italy,  Dal- 
matia,  Noricum,  and  Rhaetia,  17, 
16;  attempts  to  aid  Alaric  II  against 
the  Franks,  9,  20;  his  campaign  in 
Spain,  8,  39;  death  of,  4,  157 

Theodoric  I,  King  of  the  Visigoths, 
420-451:  reign  of,  8,  38;  forms  alli- 
ance with  Aetius,  18,  41;  his  cam- 
paign against  Attila,  9,  17;  death  of, 
18,  42 

Theodosius  (I)  the  Great,  Emperor  of 
the  East,  379-395  A.  D.:  was  born 
in  Spain  in  346  A.  D.:  accompanied 
his  father  in  his  various  campaigns 
and  acquired  at  an  early  age  great 
proficiency  in  the  art  of  war;  in  379 
A.  D.,  the  Emperor  Gratian  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  title  of  Augus- 
tus, with  the  command  over  the 
Eastern  provinces:  received  into 
Christian  Church,  he  distinguished 
himself  by  his  zeal  against  the 
Arians  and  in  380  appointed 
Gregory  Nazianzen,  Archbishop 
of  Constantinople;  he  carried  on 
a  successful  war  with  the  Goths; 
he  reigned  at  Constantinople  and 
after  the  death  of  Valentinian  II  in 
392,  Theodosius  was  sole  emperor 
of  the  Roman  world;  before  his 
death  he  divided  his  dominions  be- 
tween his  two  sons;  he  died  in  395 
A.  D. 

Placed  on  the  throne  of  Constan- 
tinople, 4,  133;  makes  treaty  with 
Goths,    18,    34;    separates    Eastern 


GENERAL    INDEX 


695 


and  Western  Empires,  2,  527;  death 
of,  17,  16,  18,  35 
Theodosius  II  (401-450),  Emperor  of 
the  East,  408-450:  pays  tribute  to 
the  Huns,  17,  16;  recognizes  Valen- 
tinian  III  as  Emperor  of  the  West, 

4,  147 

Theodosius  (d.  376  A.  D.),  a  Roman 
general:  his  campaign  in  Britain, 
12,  250 

Theodosius  (9th  century),  a  deacon 
of  Syracuse:  fate  of,  1,  354 

Theogony  of  Hesiod,  Greek  poem:  ac- 
count of,  2,  39 

Theophania  (d.  991),  Byzantine  prin- 
cess: marriages  of,  I,  367,  18,  114; 
regent  for  Otto  III,  18,  118 

Theophilanthropie,  attempt  of  La  Re- 
veillere  to  establish  the  deistical  re- 
ligion under  that  name,  10,   372 

Theophilus,  Byzantine  Emperor,  829- 
842  A.  D.:  wars  with  the  Saracens, 

1,  357 

Theot,  Catherine  (late  18th  century), 
French  charletan:  made  use  of  by 
committees  against  Robespierre,  10, 

305 

Theotokis  (contemporary),  Greek  pol- 
itician: account  of  career,  2,  548 

Thera,  one  of  the  Sporades:  island  of, 

2,  19;  colonized  by  Dorians,  56 
Theramenes  (d.  404  B.   C),  Athenian 

politician  and  commander:  heads 
opposition  in  faction  of  the  Four 
Hundred,  2,  360;  accuses  the  gen- 
erals after  Arginusae,  373;  his  em- 
bassy to  Sparta,  377;  joins  the 
Thirty  Tyrants,  383;  slain  by  Crit- 
ias,  386 
Theresienstadt,  Austria:  built,  17,  252 
Thermidorian  Party,  the  more  mod- 
erate party  in  the  French  revolu- 
tion: composition  of,  10,  321;  re- 
places the  democratic  members  in 
the  committee,  322;  attacks  the  Jac- 
obin Club,  327 
Thermopylae,  a  pass  in  northern 
Greece:  geography  of,  2,  11;  Leoni- 
das  at,  186;  battle  of  (192  B.  C.), 
2,  190,  3,  144;  the  Athenians  seize, 
2,  462;  Philip  passes,  476;  Antiochus 
defeated  at,  518 


Thero,  Tyrant  of  Acragas,  488-472  B. 
C.:  account  of,  2,  218 

Therouenne,  France:  razed  to  the 
ground,  9,  147 

Thersites,  rebellious  and  talkative 
slave:  in  Homer's  Iliad,  2,  36 

Theseus,  the  national  hero  of  Attica: 
was  the  son  of  Aegeus,  King  of 
Athens  and  a  cousin  of  Hercules, 
whose  exploits  he  emulated  by  the 
destruction  of  monsters  and  rob- 
bers; volunteered  to  go  as  one  of 
victims  destined  to  be  devoured  by 
the  Minotaur  in  the  Labyrinth; 
killed  the  Minotaur  and  found  his 
way  out  of  the  Labyrinth  by  means 
of  a  clue  (ball  of  thread)  which  Ari- 
adne, a  daughter  of  Minos,  had 
given  him;  he  afterwards  became 
King  of  Athens;  defeated  the  Ama- 
zons, who  invaded  Attica,  took  part 
in  the  Argonautic  expedition  and 
abducted  the  famous  Helen  from 
Sparta  while  she  was  a  girl;  married 
Antiope,  Queen  of  the  Amazons  and 
after  her  death  he  married  Phoedra, 
daughter  of  Minos;  was  an  intimate 
friend  of  Pirithous,  whom  he  aided, 
the  legend  says,  in  an  audacious 
attempt  to  abduct  Proserpine  from, 
the  palace  of  Pluto;  they  failed  and 
Thesus  was  confined  in  Tartarus, 
but  finally  released  by  Hercules; 
tradition  adds  that  he  was  treacher- 
ously killed  by  Lycomedes,  King  of 
Scyros 

Skeleton  of,  discovered  in  Scyros, 
2,  233 

Thespiae,  Greece:  troops  of,  at  Ther- 
mopylae, 2,  193;  refuses  to  surren- 
der to  Xerxes,  196;  aids  Sparta,  428; 
taken  by  Thebans,  430;  destroyed, 
437 

Thessalonica,  Macedonia:  captured  by 
Turks,  14,  60 

Thessaly,  southeastern  Europe:  geog- 
raphy of,  2,  8;  settled,  46;  submits 
to  Xerxes,  185;  troops  of,  desert 
Athens  at  Tanagra,  244;  towns  of, 
allied  to  Athens,  275;  Brasidas  in, 
313,"  Agesilaus  crosses,  400;  subdued 
by    Jason,    437;    Pelopidas    in,    444; 


696 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Alexander  in,  444;  joins  Thebes 
against  Phocians,  460;  Philip  in, 
462;  becomes  subject  to  Philip,  471; 
joins  Aetolian  League,  2,  516;  sub- 
mits to  Caesar,  3,  348;  ceded  to 
Greece,  2,  546,  14,  492 

Thetes,  lowest  class  in  Athenian  so- 
ciety: archonship  opened  to,  2,  252 

Theudebert  (Dietbert)  (d.  548  A.  D.), 
King  of  Austrasia,  534~548  A.  D.: 
death  of,  18,  64 

Theuderic:  see  Theodoric 

Theudis,  King  of  the  Visigoths  in 
Spain,  531-548  A.  D.:  administers 
government  of  Spain,  8,  39;  acces- 
sion of,  40 

Theudisel,  King  of  the  Visigoths  in 
Spain,  548  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8,  40 

Theudowald  (d.  714  A.  D.),  Frankish 
prince:  career  of,  18,  70 

Thianges,  Chevalier  de  (18th  century), 
French  impostor:  impersonates 
Stanislaus  Leczinski,  15,  118 

Thibaudeau,  Antoine  Claire,  Count  de 
(1765-1854),  French  revolutionist 
and  historical  writer:  exposes  plan 
for  annulling  election,  10,  360 

Thibault  (Thibaut,  Thibaud,  Theo- 
bald) I  (1201-1253),  Count  of  Cham- 
pagne and  King  of  Navarre:  reign 
of,  8,  205;  accused  of  poisoning 
Louis  VIII  of  France,  9,  80 

Thibault  II,  King  of  Navarre,  1253- 
1270;  reign  of,  8,  206 

Thibaut,  Colonel,  French  commander 
of  a  legion  in  South  America:  in 
the  service  of  Montevideo,  21,  126, 

139 

Thibet:  see  Tibet 

Thibron  (4th  century  B.  C.)»  Lacedae- 
monian general:  employs  the  rem- 
nant of  the  Ten  Thousand,  2,  390 

Thierry:  see  Theodoric 

Thiers,  Louis  Adolphe,  French  his- 
torian and  minister  of  state:  born 
at  Marseilles,  April  16,  1797;  stud- 
ied law  at  Aix;  in  1818,  was  received 
as  advocate  at  the  bar  at  Aix,  but 
went  to  Paris  in  1821,  and  became 
assistant  editor  of  the  "  Constitu- 
tional"; in  1823  published  the  first 
volume    of    the    "  History    of    the 


French  Revolution";  used  his  influ- 
ence to  raise  Louis  Philippe  to  the 
throne,  and  was  made  councillor  of 
state  in  1830;  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies; 
was  under-secretary  of  state,  1830- 
1831,  and  minister  of  interior  in 
October,  1832;  admitted  into  the 
French  Academy  in  1834;  he  was 
president  of  the  council  and  minis- 
ter of  foreign  affairs  from  February 
to  August,  1836,  when  he  resigned; 
in  March,  1840,  he  was  again  ap- 
pointed chief  minister  but  resigned 
in  October,  1840;  he  voted  for  Louis 
Napoleon  as  president  in  December, 
1848;  in  1863  he  was  elected  to  the 
legislative  body,  in  which  he  acted 
with  the  opposition  and  to  which 
he  was  reelected  in  1869;  in  1867 
he  made  a  speech  against  Napo- 
leon's foreign  policy;  in  July,  1870, 
he  boldly  opposed  the  war  against 
Prussia;  declined  to  serve  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  provisional  government 
formed  in  September,  1870,  but  on 
the  organization  of  the  French  Re- 
public, he  accepted  the  Presidency, 
to  which  he  was  elected  in  Febru- 
ary, 1870,  and  served  until  his  resig- 
nation, May  24,  1873;  died  at  St. 
Germain,  September  3,   1877 

Opposes  the  decrees  of  July  25, 
1830,  9,  390;  in  Soult's  ministry,  402; 
becomes  minister  of  the  interior, 
405;  first  ministry  of,  409;  second 
ministry  of,  418;  leads  opposition, 
424;  opposes  Guizot's  foreign  policy, 
430;  arrest  of,  441,  elected  to  the 
assembly,  458;  canvasses  Europe  to 
obtain  aid  for  France,  467;  made 
"head  of  the  executive  power,"  469; 
becomes  president  of  the  French 
Republic,  475 

Thietmar  (10th  century  A.  D.),  Bish- 
op of  Prague:  account  of,  17,  63 

Thionville,    France:   battle   of    (1639), 

9,  193 
Thirty  Tyrants,   The,   an   aristocratic 
body  which  usurped  the  government 
of  Athens,   404-403    B.   C. :   account 
of,  2,  383 


GENERAL    INDEX 


697 


"Thirty  Years'  Peace,"  The,  truce 
concluded  between  Athens  and 
Sparta  (445  B.  C.) :  account  of,  2, 
250,  251 

Thirty  Years'  War,  The,  a  religious 
and  political  war  in  central  Europe 
which  involved  Germany  and  vari- 
ous countries  (1618-1648):  cause,  11, 
313,  17,  204,  18,  265;  king  of  Bohe- 
mia defeated  at  Prague  (1620),  17, 
206,  18,  270;  Wallenstein  defeats 
Mansfeld  at  Dessau  (1626),  17,  210, 
18,  275;  Rochelle  taken  (1628),  9, 
185;  Gustavus  Adolphus  defeats 
Tilly  at  Breitenfeld  (1631),  18,  280; 
Gustavus  Adolphus  killed  at  Liitzen 
(1632),  16,  184,  17,  211,  18,  284; 
Swedes  defeated  at  Nordlingen 
(1634),  16,  186,  18,  289;  French  take 
Arras  (1640),  9,  194;  Swedes  defeat 
Austrians  at  Leipzig  (1642),  16,  187, 
18,  291;  French  defeat  Spaniards  at 
Rocroy  (1643),  9,  199;  Conde  victor 
at  Friedburg  (1644),  9,  199;  Turenne 
defeats  the  Austrians  at  Nordlingen 
(1644),  9,  199;  Holland  aids  the 
Protestant  states,  13,  203;  Poland's 
connection  with,  15,  372;  principle 
of  neutrality  adopted,  13,  462 

This:  see  Tini 

Thistlewood  Conspiracy,  a  conspiracy 
formed  by  a  certain  Thistlewood  to 
murder  the  English  cabinet   (1820), 

11,  573 

Thomas  I,  Prince  of  Savoy,  1 188-1233: 
reign  of,  4,  273 

Thomas  (ca.  7th  century  A.  D.),  Bish- 
op of  Constantinople:  at  siege  of 
Damascus,  1,  272 

Thomas  (17th  and  18th  centuries), 
Jesuit  missionary,  6,  J7 

Thomas  a  Becket,  an  English  prelate, 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury:  born  in 
London,  December  21,  1118;  studied 
at  Oxford  and  Paris;  appointed  High 
Chancellor  of  England,  1155;  elected 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  1 162,  and 
immediately  entered  upon  a  conflict 
with  the  king,  Henry  II,  which  end- 
ed in  the  assassination  of  Becket  on 
December  29,  1170;  he  was  pro- 
claimed a  martyr  by  the  people  and 


canonized  by  the  Pope  in  1173;  his 
bones  were  deposited  in  a  beautiful 
shrine  at  Canterbury  and  became 
the  object  of  pilgrimages;  Henry 
VIII  destroyed  the  shrine  and  scat- 
tered Becket's  ashes 

Made  Chancellor,  11,  98;  made 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  100; 
quarrel  with  Henry  II,  101;  perse- 
cuted, 102;  returns  to  England,  106; 
murder  of,  9,  74,  II,  106 

Thomas  von  Falkenstein  (15th  cen- 
tury), Austrian  commander:  be- 
sieges Brugg,  13,  401 

Thomas,  Clement  (1809-1871),  French 
soldier:  made  commander  of  the 
national  guard,  9,  437;  captured  by 
the  commune,  470 

Thomas,  George  Henry,  an  American 
general:  born  in  Southampton  coun- 
ty, Virginia,  July  31,  1816;  entered 
the  Academy  at  West  Point  in  1836, 
graduated  in  1840;  having  become 
first  lieutenant  in  1843,  served  with 
distinction  in  the  Mexican  war  at 
Monterey  and  Buena  Vista  (1847) 
and  gained  the  rank  of  captain,  1853; 
employed  in  Texas,  1856-1860;  in 
1861  appointed  colonel  of  the  fifth 
United  States  cavalry  and  in  August 
became  a  brigadier-general  of  vol- 
unteers; ordered  to  Kentucky  in 
September,  obtained  command  of  a 
division  of  the  army  of  Buell  and 
defeated  General  Zollikoffer  near 
Mill  Spring,  January  18,  1862;  in 
April,  1862,  he  was  raised  to  rank 
of  major-general  and  in  May  he  ob- 
tained command  of  five  divisions, 
forming  the  right  wing  of  Halleck's 
army  operating  against  Corinth; 
was  second  in  command  of  the  army 
of  the  Ohio,  September,  1862;  took 
part  at  Battle  of  Stone  River,  De- 
cember 31,  1862,  to  January  2,  1863; 
Chattanooga,  September  9,  and  bat- 
tle of  Chickamauga,  September  19 
and  20;  he  succeeded  Rosecrans  as 
commander-in-chief  of  the  army  of 
the  Cumberland  on  October  19, 
1863,  and  was  appointed  brigadier- 
general  of  the  regular  army  in  the 


698 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


same  month;  served  under  Sherman 
in  campaign  against  Atlanta,  May, 
1864,  and  took  part  in  the  battles 
at  Dallas  and  Kenesaw  Mountain 
and  defeated  Hood  at  Nashville,  De- 
cember 15,  1864;  soon  after  this  vic- 
tory, was  appointed  a  major-gen- 
eral in  the  regular  army;  was  of- 
fered the  brevet  of  lieutenant-gen- 
eral and  of  general  in  1868  by  Presi- 
dent Johnson  but  declined  the  com- 
pliment; died  at  San  Francisco, 
March  28,  1870 

In  Mexican  War,  24,  554;  early 
army  comrade  of  Lee,  760;  at  Stone 
River,  774;  saves  Federal  victory 
at  Chickamauga,  784;  his  general- 
ship, 784;  in  Sherman's  march  to 
Atlanta,  794;  sent  to  oppose  Hood, 
803;  estimate  of,  804 

Thomas,  Jesse  B.  (1777-1850),  Amer- 
ican politician:  proposes  Missouri 
Compromise,  23,  455 

Thomas,  Junker  (16th  century),  com- 
mandant of  Abo:  sketch  of,  16,  154 

Thomason,  James  (1804-1853),  Brit- 
ish statesman:  his  services  in  India, 
5,  223 

Thompson,  Sir  Augustus  Rivers  (d. 
1890),  British  statesman:  sketch  of, 
5,  262 

Thompson,  David  (ca.  1600),  Ameri- 
can colonist:  settles  New  Hamp- 
shire, 23,  95 

Thompson,  George  (19th  century), 
British  abolitionist:  mobbed  in  Bos- 
ton  (1834),  24,  575 

Thompson,  Jacob  (ca.  1600),  Ameri- 
can statesman:  influence  over  Bu- 
chanan, 24,  696;  resigns  from  Cabi- 
net, 704 

Thomson,  Charles  (ca.  1730-1824), 
American  patriot:  organizes  first 
United  States  Congress,  23,  341 

Thomson,  Joseph  (1857-1895),  Scot- 
tish explorer:  his  work  in  Africa, 
19,  155,  239 

Thorbecke,  Jan  Rudolph  (1 796-1 872), 
Dutch  statesman:  career  of,  13,  314 

Thorberg,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  conclud- 
ed between  Austria  and  Switzerland 
(1368),   13,   378 


Thorgny  (10th  century  A.  D.),  Swed- 
ish layman:  compels  Olaf  Skat-Ko- 
nung  to  yield,  16,  59 

Thorismond  (Thorismund)  (d.  452  A. 
D.),  King  of  the  Goths:  proclaimed 
king,  18,  42;  reign  of,  8,  38 

Thorleif  the  Wise  (10th  century  A. 
D.),  Norwegian  scholar:  his  knowl- 
edge of  law,  16,  47 

Thorn,  Prussia:  taken  by  the  Swedes 
(l7°3)t  16,  216;  taken  by  the  Rus- 
sians (1758),  15,  148;  taken  by  the 
Prussians   (1793),  189 

Thorn,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  concluded 
between  the  Teutonic  Knights  and 
Poland  (1466),  15,  376,  18,  216 

Thornton,  Sir  Edward  (d.  1817),  Eng- 
lish diplomat:  proposes  joint  High 
Commission  for  Alabama  claims, 
24,  883 

Thorolf-Mostrar-Skegg    (9th    century 

A.  D.),  Norwegian  outlaw:  account 
of  his  settlement  of  Iceland,  16,  45 

"  Thorough  Scheme,"  a  policy  adopted 
by  the  radicals  in  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  (1866),  24,  846 

Thorstein  (10th  century  A.  D.),  Earl 
of  the  Orkneys:  harasses  Scotland, 
12,  255 

Thorstein  Eriksson  (nth  century  A. 
D.),  Norse  explorer:  in  Vinland,  16, 

49 
Thorwald  Eriksson   (nth   century  A. 
D.),  Norse  explorer:  in  Vinland,  16, 

49 
Thorwardr:  see  Truvor 
Thothmes  I,  King  of  Egypt,  ca.  1535 

B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  22 

Thothmes  III,  King  of  Egypt,  15th 
century  B.  C. :  reign  of,  I,  23 

Thothmes  IV,  King  of  Egypt,  ca.  1435 
B.  C. :  reign  of,  I,  23 

Thou,  Christopher  de  (1 508-1 582), 
French  judge:  approves  the  Massa- 
cre of  Saint  Bartholomew,  9,  158 

Thou,  Frangois  Auguste  de  (1609- 
1642),    French    politician:    death    of, 

9,  195 
Thou,    Jacques    Auguste    de     (1553- 
1617),   French  historian   and  states- 
man: draws  up  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 
9,  I7i 


GENERAL    INDEX 


699 


Thouret,  Jacques  Gillaume  (1746- 
1794),  French  legislator  and  political 
writer:  dismisses  the  national  as- 
sembly, 9,  271;  death  of,  289 

Thrace,  country  of  southeastern  Eu- 
rope: conquered  by  the  Persians,  1, 
166;  assigned  to  Lysimachus,  2, 
512;  Antiochus  invades,  3,  143;  be- 
comes part  of  province  of  Macedo- 
nia, 257;  occupied  by  Turks,  14,  32 

Thracian  Chersonese,  peninsula  be- 
tween the  Hellespont  and  the  Gulf 
of  Melas:  Ottomans  settle  in,  14, 
27 

Thracians,  inhabitants  of  Thrace,  liv- 
ing between  the  Nestus  and  the 
Styrmon:  slay  Aristagoras,  2,  136; 
defeat  the  Athenians,  236 

Thrasybulus  (ca.  580  B.  C),  ruler  of 
Miletus:  sends  message  to  Perian- 
der,  2,  93 

Thrasybulus  (d.  ca.  389  B.  C),  Athe- 
nian commander  and  statesman:  at 
Samos,  2,  359;  at  Cyziceis,  364;  ex- 
iled, 384;  leads  attack  on  the  tyrants, 
386;  his  victory,  387;  death  of,  404 

Thrasydaeus  (5th  century  B.  C),  Si- 
cilian ruler:  tyrant  of  Acragas,  2, 
219 

Thranyllus  (d.  406  A.  D.),-  Athenian 
commander:  general  at  Samos,  2, 
'359;  taken   Colophon,  367 

Three  Collections,  The,  a  collection 
of  Buddha's  teachings:  description 
of,  5,  60 

Three  Emperors,  Battle  of  the:  see 
Austerlitz:  battle  of 

Three  Emperors,  League  of  the,  alli- 
ance between  Germany,  Austria, 
and  Russia  (1872),  14,  474 

Three  F's  Act,  the  second  Irish  land 
bill  proposed  by  Gladstone  (1870), 
12,  239  note 

Three  Henries,  War  of  the,  waged  in 
France  between  the  Catholics  and 
Calvinists,  9,  161 

Three  Kingdoms,  The,  in  China,  6,  13 

Three  Old  Ports  of  the  Spanish  Main, 
21,  318 

Three  Rocks,  Ireland:  battle  of 
(1798),    12,  211 

Three  Years'  War  of  Reform,  The,  a 


war  waged  in  Mexico  (1858-1861), 
22,  383 

Throgmorton,  Francis  '  (16th  cen- 
tury) :  reveals  Spanish  plot  to  in- 
vade   England,    II,   292 

Thucydides  (ca.  491-401  B.  C),  Greek 
statesman  and  historian:  on  Ho- 
meric kingdoms,  2,  34;  commands 
Athenian  squadron,  314 

Thucydides  (5th  century  B.  C),  son 
of  Melesias,  Athenian  statesman: 
opposes  Pericles,  2,  256;  exiled,  257 

Thugut,  Baron  Franz  Maria  von 
(i739-i8i8),  Austrian  diplomat  and 
politician:  interviews  the  Reis  Ef- 
fendi,  14,  332;  interprets  treaty  of 
Kainardji,  341;  career  of,  17,  287 

Thule,  the  name  given  by  Pytheas  of 
Marseilles  to  a  region  or  icland 
north  of  Great  Britain,  the  position 
of  which  has  been  for  more  than 
two  thousand  years  the  subject  uf 
investigation  and  a  matter  of  con- 
troversy, 16,  4,  297 

Thun,  Count  Franz  Anton  (1847 ), 

Austrian  statesman:  made  premier 
of  Austria,  17,  435 

Thun,  Count  Leo  (1811-1888),  Aus- 
trian statesman:  summons  the  diet 
of  the  kingdom,  17,  365 

Thunder,  The  Duke  of:  see  Nelson, 
Horatio 

Thunderbolt,  The:  see  Stephen  II, 
King  of  Hungary 

Thuresson,  Thure  (15th  century), 
Scandinavian  soldier,  called  the 
Peasants'  Butcher:  cruelties  of,  16, 

134 

Thurii  (Thurium),  an  ancient  city  of 
Italy:  founded,  2,  260;  aids  Athens, 
342;  at  war  with  the  Lucanians, 
414;  taken  from  Sparta,  479;  at- 
tacked by  Lucanians,  3,  74 

Thiiring  von  Hallwil  (15th  century), 
Austrian  statesman:  made  governor 
of  Zurich,  13,  400 

Thuringia,  a  region  in  central  Ger- 
many: divided  between  the  Franks 
and  the  Saxons,  18,  60;  status  of, 
66;  peasant  war  in,  243 

Thuriot  de  la  Rosiere  (d.  1829), 
French  lawyer  and  Jacobin:  at  the 


700 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


siege  of  the  Bastile,  10,  63;  sketch 
of,  66  note;  demands  the  abolition 
of  the  commission  of  twelve,  258 

Thurman,  Allen  Granbery  (1813- 
1895),  American  statesman  and  ju- 
rist: in  Democratic  Convention,  24, 
800;  in  Congress  (1869),  862;  mem- 
ber of  the  Electoral  Commission, 
913  note;  nominated  for  Vice-Presi- 
dent, 965 

Thurn,  Count  Heinrich  Matthias  von 
(1580-1640),  Bohemian  Protestant 
leader:  leads  conspiracy,  17,  20; 
leads  revolution  in  Bohemia,  18, 
268;  defeated  by  Wallenstein,  286 

Thurston,  Abbot  of  Glastonbury  (nth 
century),  Norman  monk:  orders 
English  monks  to  be  shot,   II,  76 

Thusnelda,  German  princess:  marries 
Hermann,  18,  17;  taken  captive  by 
Romans,  20 

Thyra  (9th  century  A.  D.),  Queen  of 
Denmark,  wife  of  Gorm  the  Old: 
sketch  of,  16,  28 

Thyra  (d.  1000  A.  D.),  Queen  of 
Norway,  wife  of  Olaf  Trygvasson: 
death  of,  16,  56 

Thyrea,  Greece:  given  to  the  Aegine- 
tans,  2,  281;  taken  from  Sparta,  479 

Ti,  King  of  Egypt,  ca.  26th  century 
B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  16 

Tiberias,  Palestine:  siege  of  (67  A. 
D.),    1,    411;    battle    of    (1187),    9, 

75 
Tiberius    (I)     Claudius    Nero    Caesar 

(42  B.  C.-37  A.  D.),  Emperor  of 
Rome,  14-37  A.  D. :  invades  Arme- 
nia, 4,  39;  campaigns  of,  in  Gaul, 
42;  campaign  against  the  Marco- 
manni,  17,  13;  campaign  of,  against 
the  Germans,  18,  15;  invades  Arme- 
nia, 4,  39;  account  of  ancestry,  41; 
disgraced,  43;  adopted  by  Augustus 
as  his  son,  43;  celebrates  his  tri- 
umph over  the  Pannonians,  45; 
recalls  Germanicus,  18,  21;  reign  of, 
4,  46;  death,  54;  condition  of  Spain 
under,  8,  25 

Tiberius,  The  French:  see  Louis  XI, 
King  of  France 

Tiberius  Gemellus  (19-37  A.  D.),  Ro- 


man prince:  sketch  of,  4,  53;  death 
of,  56 

Tibet,  central  Asia:  opening  of,  5,  297, 
377;  disputes  between  China  and 
Great  Britain  concerning,  6,  316 

Tibni  ben  Ginath  (ca.  8th  century  B. 
C.)>  Hebrew  usurper:  claims  throne 
of  Israel,  1,  390 

Tibur,  Italy:  war  with  Rome,  3,  64 

Ticino  Question,  The,  the  decision 
of  the  line  of  demarcation  between 
the  functions  of  the  canton  and  the 
confederation  in  Switzerland,  13, 
58i 

Ticonderoga,  New  York:  built,  23, 
184;  English  fail  to  capture  (1758), 
189;  captured  by  the  English 
(i759)>  193;  captured  by  the  Amer- 
icans under  Ethan  Allen  (1775),  11, 
515,  23,  228;  recaptured  by  Bur- 
goyne  (1777),  23,  252 

Tie-ling,  Manchuria:  captured  by  Jap- 
anese, 7,  313 

Tien-chwang-tai:  destroyed  by  the 
Japanese,  7,  272 

Tientsin,  China:  massacre  at,  6,  223; 
convention  at  (1885),  7,  256;  at- 
tacked by  allied  forces  (1900),  24, 
1047;  invested  by  troops  (1900),  6, 
281,  7,  280;  foreigners  refuse  escort 
to,  301;  rescue  party  from,  reaches 
Peking,  303 

Tientsung,  Manchu  ruler,  1626-1643, 
Emperor  of  China,  1635-1643:  ac- 
count of,  6,  46 

Tiflis,  Czar  of:  see  Heraclius  of  Geor- 
gia 

Tiglath-Pileser  I  (12th  century  B. 
C.)>  King  of  Assyria:  reign  of,  1, 
79;  subjugates  the  Kommagenians, 
142 

Tiglath-Pileser  III,  King  of  Assyria, 
744-727  B.  C:  reign  of,  I,  82;  con- 
quers Musre,  86;  invades  Israel, 
393;  conquests  of,  in  Syria,  393; 
captures  Aradus,  2,  78 

Tigranes  I,  King  of  Armenia,  96-55 
B.  C:  unites  Armenia,  3,  213;  in- 
crease of  his  power,  257;  Lucullus 
defeats,  258;  rupture  with  Mithra- 
dates,  273;  war  with  Pompey,  273 


GENERAL    INDEX 


701 


Tihoo,  Central  America:  battle  of 
(1542),  22,  425 

Tik  Ho  (16th  century),  Chinese  of- 
ficer: his  campaign  against  the  Jap- 
anese, 7,  120 

Tilden,  Samuel  Jones,  an  American 
governor:  born  at  New  Lebanon, 
New   York,    February  9,    1814;   was 

,  educated  at  Yale  College  and  New 
York  University;  became  a  promi- 
nent lawyer  and  Democratic  poli- 
tician of  New  York;  he  was  Gov- 
ernor of  New  York  State,  1875- 
1876,  and  Democratic  candidate  for 
President  of  United  States  in  1876, 
but  the  result  of  the  election  be- 
coming a  matter  of  dispute  and  be- 
ing referred  to  a  commission  ap- 
pointed by  Congress  the  Presidency 
was  given  to  Mr.  Hayes;  died  at 
Graystone,  New  York,  August  4, 
1886 

In  Democratic  convention,  24, 
800;  elected  governor  of  New  York, 
897;  early  career,  908;  nominated 
for  President  (1876),  909;  election 
of  1876  claimed  for,  909;  declines 
Democratic  nomination,  930 

Tilley,  Samuel  Leonard  (19th  cen- 
tury), Canadian  statesman:  at  the 
Quebec  convention,  20,  165 

Tilly,  Johann  Tzerklas,  Count  von 
'  (1559-1632),  military  commander  on 
the  Catholic  side  in  the  Thirty 
Years'  War:  account  of,  18,  272; 
in  the  Thirty  Years'  War,  9,  190; 
crushes  rebellion  of  the  Count  of 
Mansfeld  and  Christian  of  Bruns- 
wick (1622),  13,  204;  defeated  at 
Breitenfeld  (1631),  181;  ravages 
Protestant  districts  of  southern 
Germany,  201;  death  of,   18,  282 

Tilsit,  Peace  of,  treaty  between 
France  and  Russia,  concluded 
(1807),  8,  485,  9,  331,  10,  471,  11, 
559,    14,   403,    15,   215,    16,    251,    18, 

374 
Tiltoni         (contemporary),         Italian 

statesman:     ably    manages     foreign 

relations,  4,  406 
Timbuktu,    northern    Africa:    descrip- 


tion of,  19,  149;  occupied  by  the 
French,  152 

Timmerman,  Antony  (d.  1583),  Do- 
minican monk:  plots  death  of  Wil- 
liam of  Orange,  13,  138 

Timocrates  (4th  century  B.  C),  Gre- 
cian diplomat:  aids  Persian  suprem- 
acy in  Asia  Minor,  2,  395 

Timolaus  (5th  century  B.  C),  a  Co- 
rinthian: advice  of,  2,  399 

Timoleon  (d.  ss7  or  336  B.  C), 
Corinthian  general:  liberates  Sicily, 
2,  417,  418;  slays  his  brother,  453 

Timophanes  (ca.  360  B.  C),  Corin- 
thian tyrant:  death  of,  2,  453 

Timotheus  (4th  century  B.  C.),  Athe- 
nian commander:  at  Corcyra,  2, 
430;  fails  at  Chios,  454 

Timur  (Timour  or  Timur-leng  [Timur 
the  Lame],  corrupted  to  Tamer- 
lane) (ca.  1336-1405),  Tartar  con- 
queror, called  the  Mongolian  Bona- 

.  parte:  born  at  Kesh,  in  Independ- 
ent Tartary  in  1336;  was  of  Mongol 
extraction  and  a  descendant  of  Jen- 
gis  Khan;  in  1361  he  supported  the 
cause  of  Husein,  Khan  of  Northern 
Khorassan,  against  several  neigh- 
boring tribes  and  in  this  war  re- 
ceived a  wound  in  the  thigh:  he 
afterwards  quarreled  with  Husein, 
took  Balkh,  his  capital  (1369),  and 
caused  himself  to  be  proclaimed 
Khan  of  Jagatai;  he  successively 
brought  into  subjection  Khorassan, 
the  principal  part  of  Persia,  and  Ar- 
menia, and  in  1387  turned  his  arms 
against  Toktamish-Khan  in  west- 
ern Tartary  whom  he  defeated:  Ti- 
mur's  capital  was  Samarcand;  hav- 
ing taken  Bagdad  and  Damas- 
cus, subdued  Georgia  and  advanced 
as  far  as  Moscow,  he  next  invaded 
India,  where  in  1398  he  gained  a 
signal  victory  near  Delhi  over  the 
forces  of  Mahmud,  then  Emperor 
of  Delhi;  in  1402  met  the  famous 
Bayezid,  Sultan  of  Turkey,  in  An- 
gora, and  after  one  of  the  most 
sanguinary  battles  on  record  took 
the  sultan  prisoner;  he  was  prepar-* 


702 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


ing  for  the  invasion  of  China  when 

he  died  on  his  march  in  1405 

Attacks     Egypt,     1,     36;     invades 

Persia,   5,   337;   invades    India,   104; 

defeats  the  Turks,  14,  5;  account  of, 

46;  death  of,  51 
Timur    ben    Balkin     (nth    century), 

King  of  Malaga:  dethroned,  8,  89 
Tinchebrai,   France:   battle  of   (1106), 

11,  89 

Ting,  Admiral  (d.  1895),  Chinese  naval 
commander:  at  the  battle  of  the 
Yalu  River,  6,  268;  suicide  of,  270 

Ting  Ju-Chang,  Admiral,  Chinese 
naval  commander:  at  battle  of  Wei- 
hai-Wei  (1895),  7,  270 

Ting  Yuch'wan  (17th  century),  Chi- 
nese artist:  sketch  of,  6,  39 

Tinghai  or  Tinghae,  in  the  island  of 
Chusan,  China:  recapture  of,  6,  138 

Tini  (This),  Egypt:  location  of,  1,  6 

Tippecanoe,  river  in  Indiana:  battle  of 
the  (1811),  24,  416,  525 

"  Tippecanoe  and  Tyler  too,"  a  cam- 
paign song  in  the  Presidential  elec- 
tion of  the  United  States  (1841),  24, 

524 
Tippermuir,  Scotland:  battle  of  (1644), 

12,  340 

Tippoo  Sahib  or  Tipu  Saib  (1749- 
!799)>  Sultan  of  Mysore:  ravages 
the  Carnatic,  9,  256;  concludes  peace 
with  the  English,  5,  194;  conspires 
against  the  English,  197;  death  of, 
20,  145 

Tirah  Campaign,  a  campaign  in  India 
against  the  Waziris,  the  Swatis  and 
the  Mohmands   (1897),  5,  278 

Tirano,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1620), 

13,  463 

Tirconnell,  Richard  Talbot,  Earl  of: 
see  Talbot,  Richard,  Earl  of  Tir- 
connell 

Tirhakah:  see  Taharka 

Tiribazus  (4th  century  B.  C),  satrap 
of  Lydia:  accession  of,  2,  403;  ar- 
ranges for  peace  between  Greece 
and  Persia,  405 

Tirnova  (Tirnovo),  Bulgaria:  surren- 
der of  (1389),  14,  34 

Tirol  (17th  century),  Mexican  officer: 
arrests  De  la  Serna,  22,  156 


Tiryns,  an  ancient  city  of  Greece: 
archaeological  remains  of,  2,  22;  im- 
portance in  prehistoric  Greece,  49 

Tirzah,  Asia  Minor:  siege  of,  1,  390 

Tisamenus,  leader  of  the  Achaians:  in 
Dorian  legend,  2,  48 

Tissaphernes  (d.  395  B.  C.)>  Persian 
satrap:  aids  the  Spartans,  2,  352;  in- 
trigues with  Alcibiades,  354;  im- 
prisons Alcibiades,  364;  superseded 
by  Cyrus,  369;  returns  to  Asia 
Minor,  390;  besieges  Cyme,  391;  exe- 
cuted, 394 

Tissowski  (19th  century),  Russian 
revolutionary  leader:  leads  the  Cra- 
cow revolutionists,  15,  300 

Tisza,  Count  (contemporary)  Hun- 
garian statesman:  son  of  preceding: 
made  premier  of  Hungary,  17,  443; 
resigns,  445 

Tisza  von  Borosjeno,  Koloman  (1830- 
1902),  Hungarian  statesman:  directs 
affairs  in  Hungary,  17,  429;  resigns, 
430 

Tite,  Prince:  see  George  II,  King  of 
England 

Tithe  Act,  in  Ireland  (1838),  11,  596 

Tithe  War,  a  rising  of  the  Irish 
against  paying  tithes  (1830-1838), 
12,  224 

Tithes  in  France:  abolition  of,  10,  109 

Tithing-Man,  an  official  of  the  New 
England  colonies:  duties  of,  23,  146 

Tithraustes  (4th  century  B.  C),  Sa- 
trap of  Asia  Minor:  accession  of,  2, 

394 

Tities,  an  ancient  Latium  people  of 
Sabellion  stock:  settle  on  the  Tiber, 
3,  9 

Titus  (Titus  Flavius  Sabinus  Vespa- 
sianus)  (40-81  A.  D.),  Roman  em- 
peror, called  the  Delight  of  Man- 
kind: appointed  consul,  4,  74;  be- 
sieges Jerusalem,  1,  411,  4,  79;  con- 
dition of  Spain  under,  8,  26;  reign 
of,  4,  82 

Tjumen  (Tyumen,  Tiumen),  Siberia: 
founded,  16,  317 

Tlascalans  (Tlaxcalans,  Tlaxcaltecs), 
a  tribe  of  Mexican  Indians:  become 
hostile  to  the  Spaniards,  22,  19 

Tnephakhthos :  see  Tefnekht 


GENERAL    INDEX 


703 


Toba,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  168 

Toba  (12th  century),  Emperor  of  Ja- 
pan: intrigues  of,  7,  55;  death  of,  56 

Tobacco:  introduced  into  Turkey,  14, 
212;  industry  in  Virginia,  23,  61, 
136;  made  a  government  monopoly 
in  New  Spain,  22,  202  ■ 

Tobago,  an  island  of  the  British  West 
Indies:  ceded  to  England,  20,  120; 
restored  to  France  (1783),  128;  an- 
nexed to  Trinidad,  246 

Tobiesen  (19th  century),  Arctic  ex- 
plorer;   explorations   of    (1863),    16, 

315 

Tobolsk,  Siberia:  founded,  16,  317 

Todar  Mall,  Raja  (16th  century),  In- 
dian financier:  services  of,  5,  112, 
116 

Todleben  (Totleben),  Franz  Eduard 
(1818-1884),  Russian  general  and 
engineer:  in  the  Crimean  War,  11, 
616,  15,  312;  his  campaign  against 
Turkey,  15,  335 

Todleben,  Gottlieb  Heinrich  (1710- 
T-772>)>  Russian  soldier:  in  the  cam- 
paign, of  1760,  15,  149 

Toekoeli,  Emerich  (17th  century), 
Hungarian  revolutionist:  leads 
Hungarian  insurrection,  17,  229 

Toghrul  (Togrul,  Togril)  (d.  ca. 
1063),  founder  of  the  Seljirk  dynasty 
in  Persia:  conquests  of,  5,  330;  Sel- 
jirkian  Turks  powerful  under,  14, 
10 

Togo,  Heihachiro  (1857 ),  Japa- 
nese admiral:  in  Russo-Japanese 
War,  7,  303,  15,  362 

Togoland,  Africa:  condition  of,  19, 
179,  20,  300;  made  a  German  pro- 
tectorate, 19,  in 

Tokoly,  Count  Emeric:  see  Tekeli 

Tokugawa  Hidetada  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  ruler:  concludes 
peace  with  Korea,  7,  121;  reign  of, 
as  shogun,  127 

Tokugawa  Iyeharu,  Japanese  court- 
officer,  1761-1787:  reign  of,  as  sho- 
gun, 7,  149 

Tokugawa  Iyemitsu,  Japanese  court- 
officer,  1624-1651:  character  of,  7, 
127 

Tokugawa  Iyemochi,  Japanese  court- 


officer,  1857-1866:  accession  of,  7, 
158;  marriage  of,  161;  visits  Kyoto, 
162;  death  of,  166 

Tokugawa  Iyenari,  Japanese  court-of- 
ficer, 1787-1837:  reign  of,  as  shogun, 
7,  149 

Tokugawa  Iyesada,  Japanese  court-of- 
ficer, 1854-1857:  reign  of,  as  shogun, 
7,  156 

Tokugawa  Iyeshige,  Japanese  court- 
officer,  1745-1761:  reign  of,  as  sho- 
gun, 7,  149 

Tokugawa  Iyetsuna,  Japanese  court- 
officer:  shogunate  of,  7,  140 

Tokugawa  Iyeyasu  (Ieyasu)  (d.  1616), 
Japanese  shogun,  1603-1605:  rebels 
against  Hashiba  Hideyoshi,  7,  113; 
member  of  council  of  state,  114; 
sketch  of,  122;  death  of,  127;  en- 
courages literature,  141 

Tokugawa  Nariakira  (Rekko)  (mid- 
dle of  the  19th  century),  Japanese 
statesman:  urges  a  policy  of  na- 
tional seclusion,  7,  156 

Tokugawa  Tsunayoshi,  Japanese 
court-officer:  shogunate  of,  7,  140 

Tokugawa  Yoshimune,  Japanese 
court-officer,  1716-1745:  reign  of,  as 
shogun,  7,  144 

Tokugawa  Yoshinobu,  Japanese  court- 
officer,  1866-1867:  his  succession 
discussed,  7,  158;  his  reign,  as 
shogun,  166 

Tokunegi,  Korea:  captured  by  the 
Japanese   (1592),  7,   117 

Tolbiac,  Gaul:  battles  of  (496  A.  D.), 
9,  19;  (612  A.  D.),  31 

Toledo,  Spain:  conquered  by  the  Sara- 
cens (713  A.  D.),  1,  314,  8,  51;  sieges 
of  (736  A  D.),  66;  (854-859  A.  D.), 
74;  (1083  A.  D.),  143;  battle  of 
(1 176),  98 

Toledo,  Ohio:  Wayne's  victory  near 
(1794),  23,  366;  Lincoln  makes 
speech  at,  24,  706 

Toledo,  Don  Sebastian  de,  Marques 
de  Mancera,  Spanish  statesman, 
viceroy  of  New  Spain,  1664-1673: 
administration  of,  22,  172 

Tolentino,  Italy:  battle  of  (1815),  9, 
362,  17,  314 

Tolentino,  Treaty  of,  a  peace  between 


704 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


the  Pope  and  the  French  republic 
(1797):  account  of,  9,  302 

Toleration,  Edict  of,  a  bill  granting 
to  Lutherans,  Calvinists,  and  non- 
Uniate  Greeks  (1781),  17,  266 

Toleration  Act,  a  bill  passed  in  Mary- 
land, granting  freedom  of  worship 
to  all  persons  professing  Christian- 
ity (1649),  23,  71 

Toleration  Act,  a  bill  giving  to  Dis- 
senters in  England  the  legal  right 
to  worship  publicly  (1689),  II,  435 

Toll,  Baron  von  (contemporary),  Si- 
berian explorer:  explorations  of,  16, 
3i8 

Tolmides  (5th  century  B.  C.)»  Athe- 
nian naval  officer:  harries  Messenia, 
2,  246;  slain  at  Coroneia,  248 

Tolomi,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1832),  22, 
271 

Tolosa,  Las  Navas  de,  Spain:  battle 
of  (1212),  8,  101,  148,  204,  238 

Tolstoi,  Count  Dmitri  (late  19th  cen- 
tury), Russian  statesman:  policy  of, 

15,  341 
Tolstoi,      Count      Leo      Nikolaivitch 

(1828 ),     Russian     novelist     and 

social  reformer:  his  description  of 
the  battle  of  Borodino,  15,  227;  at 
Tchernya,  321;  his  relations  with 
the  government,  355 

Tolstoi,  Count  Peter  (d.  1728),  Rus- 
sian statesman:  brings  Alexis  back 
to  Moscow,  •  15,  75;  accompanies 
Peter  to  Persia,  79;  in  the  supreme 
privy  council,  95 

Tome,  South  America:  declared  to  be 
in  a  state  of  blockade  (1865),  21, 
221 

Tommasso  (early  16th  century),  Ital- 
ian scholar:  mentioned,  4,  299 

Tompkins,  Daniel  D.  (1774-1825), 
American  statesman:  nominated  for 
Vice-President,  23,  434 

Tomu-cheng,  Manchuria:  captured  by 
the  Japanese  (1894),  7,  268;  battle 
of  (1904),  7,  3io 

Tonchin  (17th  century),  Swiss  linguist 
and  theologian:  sketch  of,  13,  482 

Tone,  Matthew  (d.  1798),  Irish  patri- 
otic leader,  brother  of  T.  W.  Tone: 
death  of,  12,  214 


Tone,  Theobald  Wolfe  (1763-1798), 
Irish'  politician  and  revolutionist: 
founds  society  of  United  Irishmen, 
11,  545;  sketch  of,  12,  198;  plans 
French  invasion  of  Ireland,  207; 
death  of,  214 

Tonga  Treaty,  agreement  by  which 
British  suzerainty  was  established 
in  Africa  as  far  as  the  Portuguese 
territory  (1887),  19,  81 

Tonghak  Rebellion,  revolt  of  a  secret 
faction  in  Japan:  account  of,  6,  265, 
7,  257 

Tongking  (Tonkin),  Farther  India: 
war  in,  6,  247,  250;  under  French 
rule,  20,  273 

Tonningen  (Tonning),  Slesvig-Hol- 
stein:  siege  of   (1700),  16,  214 

Tooke,  Home  (John  Home)  (1736- 
1812),  English  politician  and  phi- 
lologist:  trial  of,  11,  543 

Toombs,  Robert  (1810-1885),  Ameri- 
can politician:  opposes  slavery  pro- 
hibition in  Territories,  24,  595;  Con- 
federate Secretary  of  State,  694; 
votes  against  Crittenden's  compro- 
mise measures,  701;  opposes  pro- 
ject to  attack  Fort  Sumter,  710 

Topal  Osman  (Osman  Pasha)  (d. 
I733)>  Turkish  soldier:  his  campaign 
against  the  Persians,  5,  351;  res- 
cues Bagdad,  14,  295;  death  of,  298 

Topeka,  Kansas:  meeting  of  Free  Soil 
convention,  24,  649 

Toral  (19th  century),  Spanish  general: 
surrenders  Santiago   (1898),  22,  460 

Tordenskjold  (Tordenskiold),  Peder 
Vessel  (18th  century),  Danish  naval 
commander:  searches  for  Charles 
XII  of  Sweden,  15,  64,  16,  222; 
sketch  of,  16,  237 

Tordesillas,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  be- 
tween Spain  and  Portugal  (1494),  5. 
146,  20,  43,  23,  33 

Torgau,  Saxony:  battle  of  (1760),  9, 
246,  18,  341 

Torgau,  Alliance  of,  a  league  formed 
at  Torgau  (1526)  by  Saxony  and 
Hesse  and  other  Protestant  powers 
against  the  Roman  Catholic  States, 
18,  245 

Torghud:  see  Dragut 


GENERAL    INDEX 


705 


Tories,  members  of  royalist  party  in 
England  and  America:  origin  of  the 
term,  II,  409;  in  American  colonies, 
23,  294,  295 

Torkel,  Knutsson  (late  13th  century), 
Scandinavian  soldier:  regency  of, 
16,  106 

Tormasov,  General  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Russian  military  officer:  his 
campaign  against  France  (1812),  15, 
219 

Tornory,  Paul  (16th  century),  Arch- 
bishop of  Kalosca:  at  the  battle  of 
Mohacs,  17,  169 

Torone,  Macedonia:  founded,  2,  79; 
revolts  from  Athens,  314;  retaken 
by  Cleon,  316 

Toronto,  Ontario,  Canada:  burned  by 
Americans  (1813),  23,  425;  British 
retaliate  for  burning  of,  427 

Torquatus,  Titus  Manlius,  Roman  dic- 
tator, 208  B.  C:  at  battle  of  Tri- 
fanum,  3,  67 

Torre,  Baron  della  (19th  century), 
governor  of  Novara,  Italy:  reestab- 
lishes regal  power  in  Turin,  4,  356 

Torre,  Martin  della  (13th  century) 
Italian  chief  of  Milan:  accession  of 
4,  217 

Torrens,  Henry  Whitelock  (1806- 
1852),  Anglo-Indian  statesman:  sec 
retary  to  Lord  Auckland,  5,  215 

Torres  (19th  century),  Colombian  pa- 
triot: death  of,  21,  65 

Torres  Vedras,  lines  of  fortifications 
in  Portugal:  battle  of  (1810),  9,  338 

Torres  y  Rueda,  Marcos  (17th  cen- 
tury), Bishop  of  Yucatan:  made 
viceroy  of  New  Spain,  22,  167 

Torrey,  Charles  (19th  century),  Amer- 
ican abolitionist:  aids  slaves  to  es- 
cape, 24,  617 

Torrices  (19th  century),  South  Amer- 
ican statesman:  aids  Bolivar,  21,  60; 
death  of,  65 

Torrico,  Juan  Crisostomo  (19th  cen- 
tury), South  American  soldier:  pro- 
claims himself  dictator  of  Peru 
(1842),  21,  196 

Torrington,  Arthur  Herbert,  Earl  of: 
see  Herbert,  Arthur,  Earl  of  Tor- 
rington 


Torstensson  (Torstenson),  Lennart, 
Count  of  Ortala  (1603-1651),  Swed- 
ish soldier:  in  the  Thirty  Years' 
War,  16,  187,  17,  212,  18,  291;  re- 
signs the  command,  16,  188 

Tortona,  Italy:  surrenders  to  Fred- 
erick Barbarossa  (1155),  4,  192,  18, 
148;  destruction  of  (1163),  18,  151 

Tortosa,  Spain:  sieges  of  (804  A.  D.), 
8,  220;  (1147),  236 

Torn  Hoshi  (19th  century),  Japanese 
statesman:  influence  of,  7,  222; 
sketch  of  his  career,  229 

Tosa  Mitsunobu  (15th  century),  Japa- 
nese painter:  sketch  of,  7,  105 

Tosabo  Shoshun  (12th  century),  Japa- 
nese soldier:  sent  to  destroy  Mina- 
moto-no-Yoshitsune,  7,  66 

Toscanelli,  Paolo  del  Pozza  (1397- 
1482),  Italian  astronomer:  his  cor- 
respondence with  Columbus,  23,  27 

Tostig  (d.  1066),  Earl  of  North-hum- 
berland:  appointed  earl,  11,  63;  al- 
lies himself  with  Harold  Hardrada, 
65;  killed  at  Stamford  Bridge,  66 

Totem  Poles,  used  among  American 
Indians  to  denote  clans:  elaborately 
decorated,  23,  14 

Totila  (Totilas)  (d.  552  A.  D.),  an 
East-Gothic  King  of  Italy:  reign  of, 
4,  160,  18,  49 

Totonacs,  a  Mexican  tribe:  form  an 
alliance  with  Cortez,  22,  18 

Tott,  Baron  Francois  de  (1733-1793), 
French  officer  of  Hungarian  extrac- 
tion: aids  Turkey,  15,   180 

Toul,  France:  siege  of  (1870),  18,  424 

Toulon,  France:  battle  of  (1744),  9, 
238;  (1793),  10,  275,  18,  357 

Toulouse,  France:  plundered  by  Clo- 
vis,  18,  47;  sieges  of  (721  A.  D.),  I, 
335;  (1216),  9,  78;  battle  of  (1814), 
8,  486,  532 

Tourgots,  Chinese  tribe:  flight  of,  6, 

89 

Tourgueniev:  see  Turgeniev 

Tournay,  Belgium:  siege  of  (1581), 
13,  137;  (i74S),  9,  239;  battle  of 
(1794),  290 

Tournon,  Charles  Maillard  de  (early 
18th  century),  Papal  legate:  ap- 
pointed legate  from  Rome  to  China, 


706 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


6,  75;  issues  decree  against  Jesuits, 
76;  suspicious  illness  of,  76;  death 
of,  77 

Touroon  Shah  (d.  1264),  Sultan  of 
Egypt:  last  of  Eyoub  dynasty  in 
Egypt,   14,    128 

Tours,  France:  battles  of  (507  A.  D.), 
8,  39,  9,  20;  (1356),  9,  98,  II,  164 

Tours  or  Poictiers  (Poitiers),  Battle 
of,  fought  at  a  place  between  Tours 
and  Poictiers  (732  A.  D.),  I,  338,  8, 
65,  9,  37,  14,  4,  18,  73 

Tours,  Truce  of,  between  England 
and  France  (1444),  II,  206 

Tourville,  Anne  Hilarion  de  Contentin, 
Count  of  (1642-1701),  French  ad- 
miral: his  expedition  against  Eng- 
land, 9,  219,  11,  438 

Toussaint  1'  Ouverture,  Dominque 
Frangois,  a  negro  general  and  lib- 
erator: born  near  Cap  Frangois  in 
Hayti,  in  1743;  was  descended  from 
an  African  prince;  his  parents  were 
both  slaves  and  of  pure  negro 
blood;  he  learned  to  read  and  write 
and  by  his  good  conduct  and  intel- 
ligence gained  the  confidence  of  his 
master,  who  appointed  him  steward 
of  the  implements  employed  in 
making  sugar;  in  August,  1791,  be- 
gan a  general  insurrection  of  the 
slaves  of  Hayti,  who  massacred 
many  of  the  whites;  was  innocent 
of  these  acts  of  cruelty  and  saved 
the  lives  of  his  master's  family; 
after  they  had  escaped  from  the 
island  he  joined  the  army,  which 
was  fighting  for  liberty;  obtained 
chief  command  of  the  negroes  and 
after  the  French  Convention  had 
decreed  the  liberation  of  the  slaves 
(February,  1794),  he  fought  against 
the  English  and  Spaniards  and  aid- 
ed the  French  general,  Laveaux,  to 
expel  those  invaders;  he  gained  a 
number  of  victories,  and  was  ap- 
pointed commander-in-chief  by  the 
French  Commissioner  in  1796;  re- 
stored order  and  prosperity  and  un- 
der his  auspices  a  liberal  constitu- 
tion was  formed  and  he  was  elected 
president    for   life;    Bonaparte    sent 


an  army  of  about  35,000  men  under 
Leclerc  to  Hayti  about  the  end  of 
1801  to  subdue  Toussaint,  but 
Toussaint  defeated  the  French  and 
Leclerc  resorted  to  negotiation  and 
offered  the  negroes  their  liberty; 
these  conditions  were  accepted  by 
Toussaint,  who  concluded  a  peace 
and  retired  to  his  estate;  he  was 
taken  by  treachery  in  June,  1802, 
and  carried  to  France  and  confined 
in  the  dungeon  in  the  castle  of 
Joux,  near  Besangon,  where  he  died 
in  April,  1803;  according  to  some 
authorities  he  was  starved  to  death 
Leads  insurrection  in  Hayti,  20, 
138;  made  president  of  Hayti,  139; 
death  of,  140 
Tovar,  Manuel  Felipe  de  (19th  cen- 
tury), Venezuelan  statesman:  elect- 
ed   president    of    Venezuela    (i860), 

31,  97 

Tower  of  London:  see  London,  Tower 
of 

Towns  (Cities,  Communes,  Munici- 
palities) : 

AFRICA:    destruction    of    Moorish 
cities,   1,  308 
ARABIA:  Svrian,  1,  278 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY :      staple 
towns,  17,  97 

DENMARK:  origin  of,  16,  77,  78 
ENGLAND:  early  government  in 
the  township,  11,  22;  growth  and 
origin  of,  52;  growth  in  the  12th 
century,  116;  growth  of  London, 
117;  social  conditions  in  the  13th 
century,  133 

FRANCE:  revolt  against  feudal  sys- 
tem, 9,  67;  rise  of,  173;  Huguenot, 
196 

GERMANY:  free  cities  granted  a 
representation  in  the  diet,  18,  167; 
commercial  unions  of  free  cities, 
174;  the  League  of  Marbach,  199; 
influence  of  the  free  cities  (ca.  1500), 
229 

GREECE:  Cretan,  3,  19;  Athens, 
152 

ITALY:  growth  of  republicanism  in 
cities,  4,  186;  opposition  to  the  em- 
pire,  191,  202;   status  of   (ca.   1200), 


GENERAL    INDEX 


707 


206;  government  of,  209;  fall  under 
the  yoke  of  some  leading  citizen, 
216;  Florence  and  Pisa  jn  the  Mid- 
dle Ages,  225;  Genoa  and  Venice  in 
the  Middle  Ages,  238;  Naples  and 
Florence  (1282-1494),  257;  Genoa  in 
the  16th  century,  305 
NETHERLANDS:  maritime  towns 
in  Brabant,  13,  28;  development  of, 
30;  military  organization  of,  31; 
Bruges,  32;  Ghent,  32;  of  Flanders, 
36,  41;  declaration  for  liberty,  113; 
independence  of,  222 
ROME:  Latin,  3,  83;  conditions  in 
the  city  of  Rome  (264  B.  C),  95 
SWITZERLAND:  rise  of,  13,  353; 

[  join  the  Emperor  against  the  aris- 
tocracy, 358;  alliance  of,  372;  strug- 
gles in  Zurich  against  the  aristoc- 
racy, 37s;  league  of,  411;  power  of, 
413;  condition  of,  451;  increased 
privileges   of,  468 

UNITED    STATES:    unit   of   gov- 
ernment in  New  England,  23,   122; 

1  town-meetings,  123;  in  the  middle 
colonies,  125 

Townsend-Esch  Bill,  a  bill  proposing 
to  retain  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission  and  to  clothe  it  with 
power  to  regulate  rates  and  sched- 
ules (1904),  24,  1075 

Townshend,  Charles  (1 725-1 767),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  attempts  to  enforce 
the  Declaratory  Act,  23,  215;  suc- 
ceeded by  Lord  North,  216;  gets 
the  "bog  act"  passed,  for  the  bene- 

I  fit  of  Irish  Catholics,  12,  178;  power 
of,  11,  510;  death  of,  511 

Townshend,  Charles,  Viscount  Town- 
shend (1674-1738),  English  states- 
man: becomes  Secretary  of  State, 
11,  468;  made  Lord  Lieutenant  of. 
Ireland,  472;  resigns  from  office, 
478 

Townshend  Acts,  a  bill  taxing  exports 
of  tea,  paper,  glass  and  painters' 
colors  from  the  American  colonies 
to  England  (1767):  enacted,  20, 
127,  23,  215;  repealed  (1770),  23, 
216,  269 

Towrson,     William     (16th     century), 


English  trader:  his  voyages  to 
Africa,  19,  29 

Towton,  England:  battle  of  (1461),  11, 
213 

Toyatomi  Hidetsugu  (late  16th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  official:  regency  and 
death  of,  7,  121 

Toyotomi  Hideyori  (early  16th  cen- 
tury), Japanese  official:  accession 
of,  to  his  father's  position,  7,  121; 
regency  of,  123;  influence  of,  125 

Toyotomi  Hideyoshi  (originally  Tok- 
ichi,  then  Hashiba,  then  Kinoshita) 
(16th  century),  Japanese  soldier: 
guards  the  shogun,  7,  111;  crushes 
rebellion  of  Akechi  Mitsuhide,  112; 
sketch  of,  113 

Trade,  Board  of:  see  Lords  of  Trade 
and  Plantations 

Trade  and  Commerce: 

AFRICA:  by  Venetians,  19,  16; 
English  ventures,  28,  31,  84;  under 
the  Dutch,  30;  under  Germany,  31; 
under  the  French,  19,  32,  20,  283; 
English  monopoly,  19,  33;  African 
Company,  36,  38;  slave-trade,  38,  40, 
44,  106,  115,  121,  165;  Austrian  at- 
tempts, 39;  of  Portugal,  19,  39, 
20,  35,  46;  value  of,  19,  46;  by 
Arabs,  58,  121;  Portugal  and  Eng- 
land, 76;  competition  in,  78;  in  Zan- 
zibar, 87,  127;  by  the  Germans,  92, 
107,  139,  144;  by  German  mission- 
aries, 95;  Guinea  Coast,  106;  in 
Congo  Free  State,  124;  along  the 
Niger,  152,  156;  under  the  United 
African  Company,  154;  Royal  Niger 
Company,  156;  with  Gambia,  162; 
across  the  Sahara,  169;  freedom  of, 
in  West  Africa,  177;  "Plantation 
Company,"  179;  in  Togobnd,  180;  in 
Tunis,  265;  in  the  south,  19,  309, 
20,  225;  condition  and  prospect  of, 
19.  312 

AUSTRALIA:  in  wool,  20,  186;  in 
wheat,  195 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY :  Vienna 
aided  by  Leopold  the  Proud,  17,  93; 
under  Leopold  VI,  96;  growth  of 
Triest,  262;  under  Joseph  II,  269; 
present   status,   450 


708 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


BABYLONIA  and  ASSYRIA:  ac- 
count of,  I,   112 

CAPE  BRETON  ISLAND:  fish- 
ing, 20,  87;  terms  of  treaty  with 
England,  141;  West  River,  168 
CHINA:  by  Portuguese,  6,  32,  20, 
46;  with  England  under  Queen  Eliz- 
abeth, 6,  107;  with  England  under 
Charles  I,  107,  127;  treatment  of 
foreign  traders,  109;  opium  trade, 
128,  130;  embargo  removed,  129; 
prohibition  of,  129,  130,  136; 
policy  of  England,  273;  provision 
regarding  Manchuria,  314 
CUBA:  sugar,  tobacco,  20,  325; 
with  United  States,  487 
DENMARK,  growth  under  Chris- 
tian III,  16,  196 

EGYPT:  during  the  Old  Empire,  1, 
58;  in  Alexandria,  331 
ENGLAND:  in  ancient  Britain,  11, 
8;  growth  under  Henry  I,  91;  in- 
crease of,  117;  under  Edward  III, 
159;  under  Henry  VII,  230;  monopo- 
lies, 304,  315;  disputes  with  Dutch, 
364,  386;  East  India  Company,  501; 
Pitt's  proposal,  530;  treaty  with 
France,  530;  impulse  to,  532;  effect 
of  Continental  system,  8,  484,  11, 
560;  revival  of,  11,  575;  proposition 
of  free  trade,  601;  Commercial 
Treaty  with  France,  621;  no  cotton 
from  United  States,  623;  whale  fish- 
eries, 16,  304;  with  the  East,  20,  59, 
62;  with  West  Indies,  78;  Hudson 
Bay  Company,  16,  305,  20,  86,  169; 
treatment  of  colonies,  20,  89;  com- 
panies, 102;  with  Pennsylvania,  108; 
plan  for  colonies,  126;  in  slaves,  238 
EUROPE:  with  India,  20,  11;  with 
colonies,  22;  influence  of  science, 
122 

FRANCE:  depressed,  9,  97;  in- 
crease of,  117;  monopolies  abolished, 
200;  free  circulation  of  corn  pro- 
hibited, 252;  free-trade  in  grain,  9, 
253.  10,  33;  increase  of,  10,  424;  un- 
der Napoleon,  446;  treaty  with 
England,  9,  451;  no  cotton  from 
United  States,  453;  extension  of  free 
trade,  454;  in  French  possessions, 
20,  72,  79,  270 


GREECE:  Aegean  peoples,  2,  22; 
in  age  of  Greek  colonization,  78;  ef- 
fect of  tyranny  on,  95;  Ionian  ac- 
tivity in,  114;  merchant  navy  of 
modern  Greece,  549,  550 
GERMANY:  special  ministry  for, 
established,  18,  328;  treaty  with  the 
United  States,  345;  under  the  Em- 
pire, 443;  new  treaties,  451 
INDIA:  influence  of  caste,  5,  78;  in 
ancient  times,  138;  English  East  In- 
dia Company,  158;  General  So- 
ciety or  English  Company,  158;  the 
Assada  Merchants,  158;  the  London 
Company,  158;  Company  of  Mer- 
chant adventurers,  158;  The  United 
Company  of  Merchants  of  England 
trading  to  the  East  Indies,  159;  un- 
der the  Dutch,  5,  162;  20,  291; 
under  the  English,  5,  162;  under 
the  Company,  163;  French  East  In- 
dia Companies,  169,  170;  Company 
of  the  West,  170;  The  Perpetual 
Company  of  the  Indies,  170;  Danish 
East  India  Company,  171;  The  Com- 
pany of  Scotland  trading  to  Africa 
and  the  Indies,  171  Ostend  Com- 
pany, 171,  173,  175;  Austrian  Orien- 
tal Trading  Company,  173;  Asiatic 
Trading  Company,  174;  The  Ben- 
gal Company  of  Embden,  174,  175; 
Swedish  Company,  175;  Prussian 
Company,  175;  the  open  door,  177; 
after  the  Mutiny,  254;  increase  of, 
290;  by  Italian  cities,  23,  22;  by 
Portuguese,  20,  40,  41,  42,  23,  25; 
freedom  of,  20,  141 
IRELAND:  with  North  America, 
12,  180;  encouraged,  190;  with  Eng- 
land, 193 

ITALY:  of  Italian  cities,  4,  208,  20, 
14;  Genoa,  4,  241,  5,  141;  Venice,  4, 
245,  5,  141;  increase  of,  4,  400. 
JAPAN:  progress  of,  7,  81;  with 
China,  101;  with  the  Portuguese,  7, 
104,  20,  47;  with  Korea,  7,  134,  296; 
under  the  Dutch,  134,  139;  nature  of, 
135;  exclusion  of,  139;  relations  with 
United  States,  155,  157,  158;  East- 
ern, 241;  increase  of,  244,  247;  con- 
dition of,  248 
MEXICO:  under  Spain,  a«,  53,  22, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


709 


101;  increase  of,  132;  contraband 
173;  oriental,  184,  191;  by  Count  Re- 
villa-Gigedo,  198;  under  Bucareli, 
208;  internal,  225;  decline  of,  230; 
development  of,  404;  rise  of,  413 
NETHERLANDS:  of  Flanders,  13, 
25;  growth  of,  30;  with  England,  33, 
51;  of  Holland,  36;  between  Flan- 
ders and  England,  37;  in  southern 
provinces,  53;  in  wool,  58;  expan- 
sion of,  166;  decline  of,  167;  Dutch 
East  India  Company,  167,  320;  su- 
premacy of,  168;  monopolies,  221; 
reestablished,  252;  effect  of  Con- 
tinental System  on  Holland,  269;  in 
northern  provinces,  294;  in  Belgium, 
294;  increase  in,  319;  modern  condi- 
tion of,  322;  whale  fisheries,  16, 
304,  305;  with  East,  20,  55,  61,  73, 
79,  113;  with  Brazil,  59,  70;  with 
West  Indies,  78 
NORWAY:  treaties,  16,  262 
PERSIA:  left  to  the  subjects  of  the 
empire,  I,  179;  with  England,  5, 
354;  contest  between  Russia  and 
England  for  commercial  privileges 
in,  369 

PORTUGAL:  under  Maria  I,  8, 
476;  in  colonies,  541;  in  slaves,  20, 
46,'  48 

ROME:  in  the  1st  century  B.  C, 
3,  246 

RUSSIA:  railways  through  Man- 
churia, 6,  308;  cause  of  policy  to- 
ward China,  308;  encouraged  by 
Anna  Leopoldovna,  15,  128;  bureau 
OI>  3575  encouraged  by  Peter  the 
Great,  20,  102;  make  settlements  in 
America  for  skin  trade,  129 
SCOTLAND:  restrictions  removed, 
12,  357;  Navigation  Act,  357;  effect 
of  Union,  12,  357,  377;  freedom  of, 
374 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  Jesuits  in 
Brazil,  20,  93;  status  in  Colombia 
(1873),  21,  91;  status  in  Venezuela 
(1862),  99;  Buenos  Ayres  affected 
by  neighboring  provinces,  129;  be- 
tween Paraguay  and  Brazil,  150, 
161;  between  Paraguay  and  France, 
England,  Sardinia,  and  the  United 
States,     155;     products     of     Brazil, 


used  in  international  commerce, 
179;  exploited  by  the  government  of 
Peru,  199;  Chili  prefers  trade  with 
Great  Britain,  229;  Chili  exports 
minerals,  242;  Brazil  with  Germany, 
251;  importance  of,  269;  provisions 
of  International  Conference,  278; 
present  status  of  Colombia,  302;  fu- 
ture possibilities  of  the  Atlantic 
coast,  330,  332 

SPAIN:  under  Philip  II,  8,  425;  un- 
der Philip  IV,  376;  contraband,  414; 
impulse  to,  428;  with  colonies,  8, 
429,  491,  20,  103,  133 
SWEDEN:  decline  of,  16,  224; 
treaties,  260 

SWITZERLAND:  development  of, 
I3>  332;  in  towns,  354;  freedom  of, 
415 

TURKEY:  opened  with  western 
Europe,  14,  202;  protected  by  Peace 
of  Pruth,  281 

UNITED  STATES:  Henry  VII 
places  first  restriction  on,  23,  34; 
colonies  with  Spain,  44,  45;  ham- 
pered in  New  France,  51;  in  Virginia, 
20,  24,  23,  61;  policy  of  England  to- 
ward Virginia  colonists,  23,  66; 
Navigation  Acts,  20,  108,  23,  67; 
Carolinas,  23,  75;  importance  in 
Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island, 
101;  New  York,  107;  in  slaves,  as 
colonies,  20,  74,  23,  128;  with  West 
Indies,  20,  77,  23,  134;  New  Eng- 
land, 23,  134;  middle  colonies,  136; 
southern  colonies,  136;  restriction 
of,  202;  smuggling,  205;  decline  of, 
212;  Boston  Port  Bill,  220,  222;  non- 
intercourse  act,  224;  effect  of  the 
Revolution,  20,  128;  power  of  States, 
23,  305;  order  in  council,  310;  naviga- 
tion act,  311;  in  slaves  as  states,  23, 
329,  24,  531,  562,  570,  601;  treaties 
between  United  States  and  foreign 
powers,  23,  347;  increase  of,  355; 
American  carriers  benefited  by  An- 
glo-French war,  360;  French  colo- 
nies, 405;  destruction  of,  406;  Jeffer- 
son's embargo,  410;  Rambouillet 
Decree,  415;  effect  of  war  of  1812, 
430;  effect  of  free  trade,  436;  con- 
sidered  by   Panama    Congress,  468; 


710 


THE    HISTORY   OF    NATIONS 


restriction  of  trade  with  West  In- 
dies, 471;  reciprocity  with  England, 
507;  reciprocity  with  Canada,  24, 
641;  interrupted  between  North  and 
South,  678;  blockade  of  South,  727; 
Interstate  Commerce  Law,  917; 
trusts,  971;  liquor  laws,  972; 
amendment  to  Interstate  Commerce 
Act,  1050;  department  of  Commerce 
and  Labor,  1051;  Elkins  Law,  1052; 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission, 
1075;  Hay-Bond  Commercial  Reci- 
procity Treaty,  1077;  National  Purv. 
Food  Law,  1082;  Chicago  packing 
houses,  1083;  Consular  Service, 
1084;  Philippines,  20,  52,  313;  Alas- 
ka, 306;  Porto  Rico,  24,  1036,  1041 
WEST  INDIES:  Barbados  in  su- 
gar, 20,  70;  growth  of  Jamaica's 
trade  with  England  and  the  Ameri- 
can colonies,  71;  privileges  granted 
in  the  English  islands,  108;  status 
at  close  of  18th  century,  242;  pres- 
ent status,  248 

Trade  and  Plantations,  Committee  of, 
a  body  of  men  appointed  for  gov- 
erning English  colonies:  formed,  20, 
89 

Trafalgar  Bay,  near  the  Straits  of  Gi- 
braltar: battle  of  (1805),  8,  484,  9, 
326,  10,  463,  11,  557,  23,  406 

Tragedy,  the  Greek:  religious  origin 
of,  2,  41 

Trajan  (Marcus  Ulpius  Nerva  Tra- 
janus)  (52-117  A.  D.),  Emperor  of 
Rome,  98-117  A.  D.:  adopted  by 
Nerva,  4,  87;  reign  of,  87;  condition 
of  Spain  under,  8,  26;  his  campaign 
in  the  Danube  valley,  17,  13;  treat- 
ment of  Greece,  2,  523;  death  of,  4, 
89 

Tranquebar,  Africa:  founded,  5,  171 

Transoxiana,  Persia:  conquest  of,  by 
the  Arabs,  I,  265 

Transportation : 

AFRICA:  caravans  in  Portuguese 
West  Africa,  19,  51;  Congo  rail- 
road, 126;  railroad  from  Senegal  to 
the  Niger,  149,  152;  Trans-Saharan 
Railway,  168,  265;  in  Mombasa,  186; 
Stevenson  Road,  236;  railroads  in 
Congo     Free     State,     251;     railroad 


along  the  Nile,  299;  along  the 
Congo,  300;  steamers,  300;  rail- 
roads in  French  Africa,  20,  282 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  improve- 
ment of  roads  and  canals  under 
Maria  Theresa,  17,  262;  construc- 
tion of  roads  in  Carniola,  Croatia, 
Bohemia,  and  Moravia,  289;  con- 
struction of  railroads  in  Bosnia  and 
Herzegovina,  424 

CANADA:  under  Lord  Elgin,  20, 
159;  railway,  170;  Grand  Trunk,  In- 
tercolonial and  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway,  176 

CHINA:  first  railroad,  6,  243;  rail- 
road under  Li  Hung  Chang,  244; 
railroad    from    Peking    to    Canton, 

275 

CUBA:  improvements  under  Ameri- 
can protection,  22,  464 
ENGLAND:  in  Chaucer's  time,  11, 
177;  coaches,  419;  canal,  533;  first 
steamboat,  589;  Telford  and  Maca- 
dam roads,  589;  railroad  between 
Liverpool  and  Manchester,  590 
FRANCE:  under  Napoleon,  10,  446; 
railroads,  9,  482,  483 
GERMANY:  improvements  under 
Frederick  the  Great,  18,  333 
INDIA:  Anatolian  Railroad,  5,  139; 
Ganges  Canal,  223;  Lower  Ganges 
Canal,  223;  Great  Indian  Peninsular 
Railways,  223;  Peninsular  and  Ori- 
ental Steam  Navigation  Company, 
224;  steam  communication  with 
England,  224;  under  Samuel  Laing, 
244;  under  Lord  Lawrence,  246; 
canals  in  the  Punjab,  289;  extension 
of  railroads,  289;  connection  with 
famine,  387 

IRELAND:  in  olden  times,  12,  15 
JAPAN:    water-ways,    7,    145;   rail- 
roads, 6,  314,  7,  241 
MEXICO:  turnpikes  of  Guadalupe, 
and    San   Cristoval  constructed,  22, 
144;    Mexican   Railroad,  403;   devel- 
opment of  railways,  409,  417,  419 
NETHERLANDS:  roads  and  rail- 
roads in  Belgium,  13,  315 
NEWFOUNDLAND:   railroad,  20, 
178 
PERSIA:  canals,  5,  320;  under  Ni- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


711 


zam-ul-Mulk,     331;     first     railroad, 

364 

PHILIPPINE     ISLANDS:    roads, 

20,  383;     railroads,     384;     electric 
street  railway  in  Manila,  385 
PORTUGAL:  colonial  railroads,  8, 

S4i 

PRUSSIA:    building    of    railroads, 

18,  438;  brought  under  government 
control,  447 

RUSSIA:       Trans-Caucasian       and 

Trans-Caspian     Railways,     5,     139; 

roads,  12,  375 

SCOTLAND:      Caledonian     Canal, 

I2>  375;  first  railroad,  375 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  in  Colombia, 

21,  85,  304;  in  Ecuador,  in,  116;  in 
Argentine  Republic,  135;  in  Brazil, 
178,  179;  in  Chili,  225,  227,  242,  243; 
in  Brazil,  255;  in  Uruguay,  259;  Pan- 
American  Railway,  279,  333;  Inter- 
oceanic  Railway,  331;  in  Bolivia, 
333 

SPAIN:  new  roads  and  canals,  8, 
420 

SWITZERLAND:  roads  and  rail- 
roads, 13,  543,  573.  576;  railroad 
through  St.  Gotthard,  574;  Simplon 
line,  578 

TIBET:  agreement  concerning 
railroads,  6,  317 

TURKEY:  Suez  Canal,  5,  138,  14, 
468;  condition  of,  14,  491 
UNITED  STATES:  in  colonies,  23, 
151;  public  works  as  State  enter- 
prises, 441;  steam,  477,  479;  Erie 
Canal,  479;  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Railroad,  480;  railroad  across  Pan- 
ama, 24,  613;  railroads,  896;  trans- 
continental railway,  901,  1096;  Pan- 
ama Canal,  1055 

Transportation  Act,  a  bill  providing 
for  the  removal  to  England  for 
trial  of  any  royal  official  in  the 
American  colonies  (1774):  passed, 
23,  221 

Trans-Saharan  Railway:  schemes  for, 

19,  168;  building  of,  265 
Trans-Siberian     Railroad:     first     sod 

turned,  15,  345;  completed,  355 
Transvaal,  South  Africa:  founded,  19, 
51;  under  British  occupation  (1877- 


1881),  214;  annexed  by  England 
(1877),  11,  633,  19,  279;  organized 
as  Transvaal  Colony  (1900),  19,  283, 
20,  233:  see  also  South  African  Re- 
public 

Transvaal  War:  see  Boer  Wars 

Transylvania,  a  principality  of  the 
Austrian  empire,  called  the  Gold 
Mine  of  Europe:  Rumanian  element 
in,  17,  8;  occupied  by  the  Dacians, 
11,  invaded  by  the  Gepidae  and  Bur- 
gundians,  14;  occupied  by  the  Visi- 
goths and  Gepidae,  16;  invaded  by 
the  Slavs,  19;  granted  to  a  voievode 
of  the  race  of  Arpad,  47;  revolt  of 
(1467),  163;  invaded  by  Turks 
(1479),  164;  acquired  by  Suleiman 
the  Great  (1547),  14,  159;  revolt  of 
(I593)>  2°3>  seeks  peace  with  Tur- 
key, 208;  conditions  in  (1848),  17, 
357;  incorporated  with  Hungary, 
(1867),  398 

Trapezus  (Trebizond),  seaport  on  the 
Black  Sea:  founded,  2,  81;  the  "Ten 
Thousand  "  at,  390 

Trautenau,  Austria:  battles  of  (1866), 
18,  411 

Trautmansdorff,  Count  (late  18th  cen- 
tury), Austrian  statesman:  policy  of, 
in  Belgium,  13,  260 

Travel,  Means  of:  see  Transporta- 
tion 

Travendale,  Treaty  of,  a  peace  be- 
tween Charles  XII  of  Sweden  and 
Frederick  IV  of  Denmark  (1700), 
15,  80 

Travis,  Colonel  (d.  1842),  American 
soldier:  at  siege  of  the  Alamo,  24, 
533 

Treasonable  Correspondence  Act,  bill 
passed  in  England  to  prevent  the 
giving  of  assistance  to  the  French 
(1793),  11,  542 

Treasons,  Act  of,  a  bill  passed  in  Eng- 
land which  made  it  high  treason  to 
speak  with  disrespect  of  the  king, 
the  queen,  and  their  heirs  (1534): 
account  of,   11,  254 

Treasons,  Statute  of,  in  English  his- 
tory, a  bill  by  which  offenses 
amounting  to  treason  were  defined 
(1352):  account  of,  11,  164 


712 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Treasury,  Department  of  the,  branch  1474. 

of   the   United   States   government:  1482. 

organized,     23,     344J     Independent  1488. 

Treasury     Bill     passed,     514;     the  1492. 

"Whiskey  Ring,"  24,  894  1493- 

Treaties,  Peaces,  and  Truces:  1494- 

B.  C.  33 

ca.  753.     Truce  of  God,  3,  9  1495- 

415.     Sparta,  2,  352  1495- 

387.     Antalcidas,  1,  168  1499- 

256.     Asoka,   5,  71  227 

A.  D.  1500. 

843.     Verdun,  4,  179,  13,  341  1504. 

870.     Mersen,  18,  95  1513- 

874.     Forcheim,  17,  33  15 16. 

878.     Chippenham,   II,  43  1526. 

878.     Wedmore,  11,  43,  16,  15  1529. 

1 153.     Wallingford,  11,  96  141, 

1 169.     Montmirail,  9,  74  1529- 

1 174.     Falaise,  n,  108  1529. 

1 183.     Constance,  4,  195,  18,  153  1530. 

1229.     Paris,  9,  79  1531. 

1242.     Bordeaux,  9,  81  1538. 

1258.  Corbeil,  9,  83  1543- 

1259.  Abbeville,  9,  83  1544- 
1267.  Marat,  13,  361  18, 
1295.  Anagni,  9,  86  1547- 
1312.  Cortenbergh,  13,  32  1552. 
1328.  Northampton,  11,  283  1555. 
1330.  Hagenaw,  17,  101  1555. 
1352.  Brandenburg,  13,  377  I559- 
1355-  Regensburg,  13,  378  1560. 
I3SS-  Valognes,  9,  96  1568. 
1360.  Bretigny,  9,  101,  II,  166  1570. 
1365.  Guerande,  9,  103  1570. 
1368.  Tharberg,  13,  378  1576. 
1370.  Stralsund,  16,  118  1577. 
1375.  Bruges,  9,  105  1578. 
1381.  Turin,  4,  241  1580. 
1407.  Underhand,  9,  no  1585. 
1420.  Troyes,  9,  113,  11,  200  1598. 
1425.  Voszice,  17,  133  176 
1435.  Arras,  9,  117,  13,  41  1601. 
1435-  Vordingborg,  16,  127  1606. 
1444.  Szegedin,  14,  63,  65  1606. 
1444.     Tours,  11,  206  1608. 

1465.  Conflans,  9,  122  1613. 

1466.  Thorn,  15,  378,  18,  216  1614. 
1468.  Ancenis,  9,  123  1614. 
1468.  Pironne,  9,  123  1614. 
1468.  Vilemov,  17,  146  1616. 
1468.    Waldshut,  13,  404  1617. 


Perpetual,  13,  406 

Arras,  9,  125 

Sabli,  9,  128 

Etaples,  9,  129,  11,  226 

Barcelona,  9,   129 

Tordesillas,  5,  146,  20,  43,  23, 

Senlis,  9,  129 

Vercelli,  9,  131 

Basle,   13,   419,    17,    173,    18, 

Grenada,   9,   133 

Blois,  9,  133 

Orthez,  9,  135 

Noyon,  9,  137 

Madrid,  4,  303,  9,  140 

Cambrai  or  Ladies'  Peace,  9, 

13,  56,  18,  246 

Kappel,  13,  445 

Saragossa,  5,  146 

St.  Julien,  13,  447 

Kappel,  13,  445 

Varad,  17,  217 

London,  12,  305 

Crespy   (near   Laon),  9,   144, 

251 

Guines,  9,  144 
Passau,  18,  258 
Augsburg,  9,  146,  17,  197 
Vaucelles,  9,  147 
Chateau-Cambresis,  9,  148 
Edinburg,  12,  313 
Longjumeau,  9,  156 
St.  Germain,  9,  157 
Stettin,   16,   166 
Monsieur,  9,  159 
Bergerac,  9,  160 
Nerac,  9,  160 
Fleix,  9,  161 
Nemours,  9,  161 
Vervins,  9,  171,   13,   164,  17, 

Lions,  9,   172 

Sitavtorok,   14,  208,  210,  374 

Vienna,  17,  224 

Libno,  17,  199 

Knaerad,  16,  176 

Paltry,  9,  178 

Sainte-Menehould,  9,  178 

Xanten,  13,  191 

Loudun,  9,  179 

Stolbova,   16,   177 


GENERAL    INDEX 


713 


Treaties,  Peaces,  and  Truces: 

1619.  Defense,  5,   161 

1619.  Presburg,  17,  205 

1620.  Nicolsburg,  17,  226 
1625.  Moncon,  9,   183 

1628.  Susa,  9,  186 

1629.  Alais,  9,  187 
1629.  Altmark,  16,  180 
1629.  Lubeck,  9,  190,  16,  201 
1631.  Barwalde,  16,  181 
1635.  Prague,  18,  288 

1638.  Berwick,  II,  336 

1640.  London,  12,  339 

1645.  Bromsebro,  16,  187,  201 

1645.  Linz,  17,  227 

1648.  Munster,  13,  217,  20,  114 

1648.  Newport,  ix,  360 

1648.  Westphalia,  9,  200,  10,  135, 
note,  13,  219,  465,  16,  188,  17,  183, 
18,  293 

1649.  Ruel,  9,  202 
1653.  Murifeld,   13,  473 
1656.  Baden,  13,  476 

1658.  Roeskilde,   16,  208 

1659.  Pyrenees,  8,  379,  465,  9,  207, 

13,  232 

1660.  Copenhagen,  16,  210,  231 

1660.  Oliva,   16,  210 

1661.  Kardis,  16,  211 

1663.  Soleure,  13,  477 

1664.  Vasvar,    17,   228 

1667.  Andrusshovo     (Andrussovo), 

14,  244,  15,  22,  380 

1667.  Breda,  9,  208,  II,  389,  20,  76, 

87 

1668.  Aix-la-Chapelle,  9,  209,  II, 
393,  13,  478,   18,  300 

1668.     Triple  Alliance,  II,  393 

1670.     Dover,  11,  394 

1672.     Busacz,  14,  245 

1676.     Zurawna,  14,  246 

1678-1679.     Nimeguen,  8,  383,  9,  212, 

11,  405,   13,  240,  18,  302,   19,  33, 

20,  64,  72 
1683.     Ratisbon,  9,  212 
1689.     Nerchinsk,  6,  67,  80 
1691.     Limerick,  12,  153 
1697.     Ryswick,  4,  326,  8,  384,  9,  219, 

11,  445,    13,  245,   18,  306,  20,   76, 

114,  23,  159 
1699.     Carlowitz,    2,    539,    14,    268, 

287,  374,  17,  231,  18,  304 


1700.  Travendale,  15,  80 

1701.  Grand  Alliance,  11,  451 
1703.  Methuen  Commercial,  8,  525, 

11,  454,  20,  106 

1706.  Altranstadt,  15,  46,  16,  219 

1708.  Szathmar,  17,  234 

1710.  Hague,   15,  63 

171 1.  Pruth,  14,  280,  15,  61,  16,  221 

1712.  Aaran,   13,  480 

1713.  Adrianople,   15,  61 

1713.  Assiento,  11,  464,  22,  187 

1713.  Utrecht,    8,    401,    9,    224,    11, 

463,  13,  251,  479,  18,  315,  20,  85, 

107,  23,  77 
1713-1714.     Rastadt,   4,   330,   9,   225, 

18,  316 

1715.  Barrier,  13,  252 

1717.  Triple  Alliance,  8,  405,  9,  228, 
11,  471 

1718.  Quadruple  Alliance,   11,  472 
1718.  Passarowitz,   14,   6,   290,   374, 

17,  235,  18,  320 
1719-1720.     Stockholm,  18,  318 

1721.  Nystad,  is,  68,  381,  16,  226 

1725.  Hanover,  9,  234,  13,  253 

1726.  Treaty  of,  15,   121 
1729.  Seville,  8,  410,  13,  253 
1731.  Vienna,  13,  253 
1733-  Resht,  15,  117 

1735-  Vienna,   8,   410,    17,    192,    18, 

324 

1738.  Vienna,  15,  383 

1739.  Belgrade,  14,  274,  315,  15, 
124,  16,  227,  17,  192,  235 

1741.  Nymphenberg,  16,  227 

1742.  Berlin,    17,   241 

1742.  Breslau,  11,  485 

1743.  Abo,  15,  152,  16,  228 
1743-  Worms,  9,  238 

1744.  Lancaster,  23,  168,  170 

1745.  Dresden,  17,  242,  18,  332 
1745.  Fussen,  17,  242 

1748.  Aix-la-Chapelle,  4,  336,  5, 
179,  9,  240,  11,  488,  13,  256,  15, 
141,  17,  242,   18,  332,  20,  85,  107, 

23,  166,  167 

1752.  Logtown,  23,   168,  170 

1756.  Versailles,  15,  144,  17,  243 

1761.  Family  or  Compact,  9,  247 

1762.  Fontainebleau,    18,    343 

1762.  Hamburg,   16,  228 

1763.  Hubertsburg,  11,  505,  17,  244 


714 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Treaties,  Peaces,  and  Truces. 

1763.     Paris,  5,  181,  9,  247,  II,  505, 

20,  76,  120,  23,  197 
1767.     Copenhagen,  16,  267 
1770.     Teschen,   17,   250 

1774.  Kainardji,   14,   339,   342,   374, 

17,  249 

1775.  Surat,  5,  192 
1778.     Versailles,  23,  267 

J783.  Versailles  or  Paris,  5,  194,  9, 
257.  "»  523,  20,  128,  33,  288,  362 

1790.  Varela  (Verela),  15,  188,  16, 
249 

1790.  Sistova,  14,  357,  386,  17,  276 

1791.  Pilnitz,  9,  270 

1792.  Jassy,  10,  134,  14,  362,  374, 
15,   187 

1795.     Algiers,  23,  364,  394 

1795.     Basel,  8,  482,  9,  293,  10,  347, 

18,  357 

1795.     Greensville,  23,  366 
1795-    Jay,  23,  372 

1795.  Paris,  10,  347,  17,  281 

1796.  Cherasco,  10,  380 

1797.  Campo-Formio,  10,  395,  11 
548,  14,  384,  17,  283,  18,  361 

1797.     Leoben,  9,  303,   10,  383,   13, 

264 
1797.     Tolentino,  9,  302 
1797.     Austro-Venetian,  17,  283 

1800.  Mont  Lugon,  10,  441 

1801.  Paris,   10,  444 

1801.     Campo-Formio,  9,  303 

1801.     Florence,   10,  444 

1801.     Luneville,  8,  483,  9,  317,  10, 

442,  17,  285 
1801.     Madrid,    10,   444 

1801.  San    Ildefonso,    20,    269,    23, 

395 

1802.  Amiens,  5,  197,  8,  483,  9, 
318,  10,  444,  11,  552,  13,  164,  23, 
396,  405 

1802.  Bassein,  5,  136,  200 

1805.  Presburg,  9,  326,  10,  415,  II, 

557,  14,  395,  17,  294 

1805.  Schonbrunn,  9,  326 

1807.  Bartenstein,  16,  251 

1807.  Fontainebleau,  8,  528,  9,  332 

1807.  Slobosia,   14,   383,   384,   398 

1807.  Tilsit,  8,  485,  9,  331,  10,  471, 

11,  559,  14,  403,  15,  215,  16,  251, 

18,  374 


808.  Erfurt,  9,  334,  18,  374 

809.  Fredrikshamn,  15,  217 
809.  Schonbrunn,  17,  299 

809.  Vienna,  9,   336,   17,  336,   18, 

377 

811.  Asuncion,  21,  147 

812.  Bucharest,   14,   398,   407,   15, 
219 

813.  Gulistan,  5,  359 
813.  Kalisch,  15,  261 
813.  Pleisswitz,  15,  261 
813.  Reichenbach,  17,  307 
813.  Teplitz,  17,  308 

813.  Valenqay,  9,  344 

814.  Chaumont,  9,  347,  17,  311 
814.  Fontainebleau,    15,    262,    17, 

3ii 

814.  Kiel,  16,  254,  258 

814.  London,  13,  281 

814.  Paris,  9,  356,  13,  280 

814.  Teheran,  5,  360 

814.  Vienna,   16,   254 

815.  Paris,  8,  532,  17,  314,  20,  221 
815.  Segauli,  5,  207 

815.  Vienna,  16,  267 

817.  Poona,  5,  209 

820.  El   Pilar,  21,  71,  119 

820.  Trujillo,  21,  72 

825.  Indian  Springs,  23,  470 

826.  Akerman,  14,  422 
826.  London,   17,  325 

826.  Yandabu,  5,  212 

827.  London,  14,  423,  15,  275 

828.  Turkmanchai,  5,  359,  15,  283 

829.  Adrianople,   14,  431,   15,  287, 
17,  326 

830.  London,  15,  288 

831.  Twenty-four   Articles,  9,  400 
833.  Miinchengratz,  17,  328 

833.  Unkiar-Skelessi,    9,    403,    15, 

291 

837.  Tafna,  9,  413 

840.  Waitangi,  20,  211 

842.  Nanking,  5,  213 

842.  Pasco,  21,  188 

844.  Tangiers,  9,  423 

848.  Guadalupe,  22,  377 

848.  Malmo,   16,  270 

850.  Bulwer-Clayton,  24,  613,  1056, 

1058 

850.  Olmiitz,  16,  272 

852.  London,  16,  273 


GENERAL    INDEX 


715 


Treaties,  Peaces,  and  Truces: 

1853.  Gadsden,  24,  641 

1854.  Japanese-America,  7,  157 
1856.  Paris,   14,   460,  470,   15,   322, 

17,  384 

1858.  Austria-Hungary  with  Japan, 

7,  189 

1858.  Newchwang,  6,   166,  311,  315 

1858.  Paris,  5,  364 

1858.  Tien-tsin,    9,  449 

1859.  Villafranca,  9,  451,  17,  385 
1859.  Zurich,  4,  374,  17,  385 

i860.  Anglo-French       Commercial, 

11,  621 

i860.  Peking,    9,   451 

1863.  Pensaqui,  31,   113 

1864.  Miramar,  22,  389 

1864.  Vienna,  16,  275,  17,  391 

1865.  Belgium-Japanese,  7,  189 
1865.  Callao,  21,  204,  220 
1865.  Danish-Japanese,    7,    189 
1865.  Gastein,  17,  391 

1865.  Hawaii-Japan,  7,  189 

1865.  Italian-Japanese,  7,  189 

1865.  Swedish-Japanese,  7,   189 

1866.  Nicolsburg,  17,  392,  18,  412 

1866.  Prague,  16,  275,  17,  392,  18, 
412 

1867.  Chino-United  States,  6,  221 
1867.  London,  13,  317 

1871.  Chino-Japanese,  7,   192 

1871.  Frankfort,  9,  469,  18,  426 

1871.  Washington,  24,  959 

1873.  La  Paz,  21,  227 

1878.  Berlin,    5,    256,    11,    632,    14, 

488,  491,  15,  338,  17,  421 

1878.  San  Stefano,  11,  632,  14,  486, 

15,  337,  17,  420 

1878.  Zanjon,  20,  328 

1879.  Gandamak,   5,   257 

1879.  United  States-Japan,  7,  190 

1884.  Ancon,  21,  238,  264 

1884.  Congo,  19,  76 

1887.  Tonga,  19,  81 

1887.  Bayard-Chamberlain,  24,  961 

1895.  Shimonoseki,  15,  350 

1897.  Biacnabate,  20,  314 

1898.  Anglo-Chinese,  7,  277 
1898.  German-China,  7,  277 
1898.  Paris,  22,  468,  24,  1032 
1900.  Anglo-German,  7,  285 


1901.     Anglo-Chinese,   7,  286 

1901.  Hay-Pauncefote,  29,  331,  34, 
1058 

1902.  Anglo-Japanese,  7,  231,  289 

1903.  Hay-Herran,  20,  332 
1903.     Hay-Varilla,  24,  1060 

1905.  Portsmouth,  7,  318,  15,  364, 
24,  1080 

Treaty,  City  of  the  Violated:  see  Lim- 
erick 

Treaty  of  1726,  a  compact  between 
Russia  and  Austria:  mentioned,  15, 
121 

Treaty  of  1783,  peace  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain: 
account  of,  11,  523;  defects  of, 
mended  by  Jay  Treaty,  23,  362;  fish- 
ery purchase  under,  429;  Great  Brit- 
ain determined  to  enforce,  443 

Treaty  of  1819,  compact  between 
Spain   and   the    United    States:    24, 

531,  541 

Treaty  of  1854,  treaty  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain: 
24,  641 

Treaty  Ports,  harbors  on  the  coast  of 
China  thrown  open  to  European 
trade:  account  of,  6,  273 

Trebbia,  Italy:  battle  of  (1799),  9, 
309,  10,  403 

Trebellius,  Lucius  (1st  century  B.  C.)» 
Roman  statesman:  opposes  meas- 
ures proposed  against  the  pirates, 
3,  270 

Trebia,   river  in   Italy:  battle  of  the, 

3,  "7 
Trebizond:  Greek  empire  in,  2,  536; 

see  also  Trapezus 
Trebonius,  Gaius  (d.  43  B.  C),  Roman 

soldier:    besieges    Massilia,    3,    341; 

succeeds  to  command  in  Spain,  356; 

plots  against  Caesar,  4,  4 
Trediakovski,       Vassili       Kirelovitch 

(1703-1769),  Russian  man  of  letters: 

Volinski's    treatment    of,    15,     no; 

sketch  of,  150 
Tregua,  Pacta  de,  truce  between  Bo- 
livia and   Chili    (1884):  account  of, 

21,  265 
Treilhard    (Trelliard),    Jean    Baptiste 

(1742-1810),       French       statesman: 


716 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


made  member  of  the  directory,  9, 
305;  deposed,  10,  404 

Tremecen,  Spain:  battle  of  (1142),  8, 
96 

Trencsin,  Hungary:  battle  of  (1708), 
17,  233 

Trent,  Council  of,  the  18th  general 
council  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church  (1545-1563),  4,  285,  9,  155, 
13,  456,  17,  178,  18,  251,  260 

Trent  Affair,  The:  account  of,  24,  728 

Trenton,  New  Jersey:  battle  c1- 
(1776),  11,  516,  23,  248;  erects  tri- 
umphal arch  for  Washington,  341; 
Lincoln  makes  speech  at,  24,  706 

Trepov,  General  (d.  1906),  Russian 
military  dictator:  regime  of,  15, 
366;  dies,  368 

Tresilian,  Chief  Justice  (d.  1388),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  hanged,  II,  181 

Trevelyan,  Charles  Edward  (1807- 
1886),  Anglo-Indian  financier: 
sketch  of,  5,  247 

Trevett  v.  Weeden,  a  case  by  which 
the  forced  acceptance  of  paper 
money  was  declared  unconstitu- 
tional  (1787):  account  of,  23,  315 

Treviri,  Gallic  tribes:  defeated  by  Ce- 
realis,  18,  24 

Trevisa  (Trevise,  Treviso),  Edouard 
Adolphe  Casimir  Joseph,  Duke  of 
(1768-1835),  French  soldier:  minis- 
try of,  9,  407 

Triad  Society,  secret  society  in  China 
(ca.  1851):  account  of,  6,  148,  280 

Trial  by  jury:  introduced  in  New 
York,    23,    104;    denied    slaves,    24, 

615 

Triana,  Rodrigo  de  (ca.  1492),  seaman 
with    Columbus:    sights   land,   21,   6 

Trianon  Decree,  an  edict  issued  by 
Napoleon  I  (1810),  placing  an  im- 
port duty  of  50  per  cent,  on  colonial 
products,  10,  473 

Tribbles,  T.  H.,  American  politician: 
Populist  nominee  for  Vice-Presi- 
dent (1904),  24,  1067 

Tribunate  of  the  Plebs:  organized,  3, 

41 
Tribunes,  in  French  history:  nomina- 
tion of,  ic,  436 


Tribunes,  in  Roman  history,  the  of- 
ficial representatives  of  the  people: 
declared  inviolable,  3,  41;  powers, 
42;  number  increased  (471  B.  C), 
43;  (457  B.  C),  44 

Trichinopoly,  India:  siege  of  (1750), 
9,  242 

Tricoupi  (Trikupis),  Spyridon  (1791- 
I873),  Greek  historian  and  diplo- 
mat: expects  Russian  aid,  15,  266 

Triennial  Act,  in  English  history,  a 
statute  directing  (1)  that  no  Parlia- 
ment should  last  longer  than  three 
years  and  (2)  that  a  Parliament 
must  be  summoned  within  three 
years  from  the  dissolution  of  the 
last  parliament:  passed  (1641),  II, 
337'>  repealed,  385;  passed  (1694), 
442 

Trientbach,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1844),  13,  549 

Triesen,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1499), 
13,  418 

Triest,  a  crownland  belonging  to  the 
Cisleithan  division  of  Austria-Hun- 
gary: condition  of  peasants  relieved 
by  Maria  Theresa,  17,  259 

Triest,  seaport  of  Austria-Hungary: 
founded,  17,  11;  seeks  the  protection 
of  Leopold  of  Austria,  106;  made  a 
free  port,  193 

Trifanum,  a  town  in  Italy:  battle  of, 
3,  67 

Trihkala  (Trikala),  Greece:  in  mod- 
ern Greece,  2,  549 

Trimumpara  (ca.  1500),  governor  of 
Cochin:  forms  alliance  with  Manuel 
of  Portugal  (1501),  8,  326 

Trinidad,  British  West  Indies:  dis- 
covered, 21,  11,  23,  23',  early  condi- 
tions in,  20,  73;  growth  of,  237;  his- 
tory  of,  246 

Trinidad,  Cuba:  founded,  22,  447 

Trinobantes,  a  pre-Roman  nation  in 
Britain:  state  of,  formed,  n,  6;  seek 
protection  of  Caesar,  7 

Triphylia,  Greece:  disputed  by  Eleians 
and  Arcadians,  2,  444 

Triple  Alliance,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty 
concluded  between  Brazil  and  Eng- 
land (1865),  21,  176 


GENERAL    INDEX 


717 


Triple  Alliances: 

1596.  An  alliance  between  England, 
France,  and  the  Netherlands 
against  Spain,  13,   162  note 

1668.  An  alliance  between  England, 
Holland,  and  Sweden  to  check  the 
conquests  of  Louis  XIV,  9,  209, 
11,  393,  13,  235 

1717.  An  alliance  between  England, 
France,  and  the  Netherlands, 
against  Spain  (became  the  Quad- 
ruple Alliance  on  the  accession 
to  it  of  Austria,  1718),  8,  405,  9, 
228,  II,  471 

1882.  An  alliance  between  Ger- 
many, Austria-Hungary,  and  It- 
aly,   sometimes    called    Dreibund, 

t  17,  426,  449,  18,  442 
Tripoli,     capital     of    Tripoli,     Africa: 

siege   of,   1,   301;    Italian  claims  in, 

19,  249;  war  with  the  United  States, 

23,  393 

Tripoli,   Asiatic  Turkey:   captured  by 

Saracens,  1,  286 
Tripolitza,    Greece:    battle    of    (1770), 

14,  327 
Trist,     Nicholas    P.     (19th    century), 

United  States  diplomat:  his  mission 

to  Mexico   (1847),  22,  330,  24,  551; 

signs   treaty  with    Mexico,   22,   377, 

24,  552 

Tristam,  Nuno  (15th  century),  Portu- 
guese explorer:  explorations  of,  19, 

\7 

Tristan  DAsunba,  a  group  of  islands 
in  the  South  Atlantic:  occupied  by 
Great  Britain,  19,  213,  20,  263 

Triumvirate,  The  Democratic,  a  com- 
mittee in  France  during  the  revolu- 
tion, composed  of  Robespierre, 
Saint-Just,  and  Couthon:  formed, 
10,  209;  general  attack  upon,  311; 
arrest  of,  314;  released,  315;  death 
of,  318 

Triumvirate,  The  Second,  in  Roman 
history  a  term  applied  to  division 
of  government  between  Octavian 
(Augustus),  Anthony,  and  Lepidus 
(43  B.  C.),  4,  10 

Trivulzio,  Giovanni  (early  16th  cen- 
tury), Milanese  soldier  in  the  serv- 


ice of  France:  leads  French  forces 
into  Italy,  4,  293 

Troad,  The,  the  region  at  the  north- 
western extremity  of  Asia  Minor, 
included  between  the  iEgean,  the 
Hellespont,  the  Sea  of  Marmora, 
Mount  Ida,  and  the  Gulf  of  Adra- 
myttium:  Greek  civilization  in  the, 
2,  53 

Trochu,  Louis  Jules  (1815-1896), 
French  soldier:  defends  Paris,  9, 
415;  in  the  Franco-Prussian  War, 
18,  421;  assumes  presidency  of  pro- 
visional government,  9,  466 

Troezen,  ancient  Greece:  receives  ex- 
iled Athenians,  2,  97;  allied  to  Ath- 
ens, 247;  aids  Sparta,  274 

Trojan  Cycle:  see  Cyclic  poems 

Trolle,  Gustaf  (d.  1535),  Archbishop 
of  Upsala:  supports  Christian  II  of 
Denmark,  16,  148;  supports  Didrik 
Slaghoek,  152 

Tromp,  Cornells  (Cornelius)  (1629- 
1691),  Dutch  admiral:  commands 
fleet  against  the  English,  11,  365 

Tromp,  Marten  Harpertzoon  van 
(1597-1653),  Dutch  admiral:  gains 
the  Battle  of  the  Downs,  13,  213; 
at  the  battle  of  Dover,  229;  in  the 
war  with  the  English,  230 

Tronchet,  Francois  Denis  (1726-1806), 
French  jurist:  counsel  for  Louis 
XVI,  9,  280 

Tropau  (Troppau),  Congress  of,  a 
congress  of  European  monarchs, 
assembled  at  Tropau,  to  consider 
revolutionary  disturbances  in  Italy 
(1820),  15,  266 

Tropenkoller  (Tropic -madness) :  de- 
scription of,  19,  259 

Trot  of  Turriff,  the  name  given  to  the 
battle  between  the  Cavaliers  and 
the  Covenanters  which  opened  the 
Civil   War   in   Scotland    (1639),    12, 

337 

Troubles,  Council  of  (1567),  tribunal 
in  the  Netherlands  for  punishing 
those  hostile  to  Spanish  rule  and 
Roman  Catholicism:  established,  13, 
105 

Troublous  Times,  The,  in  Russian  his- 


718 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


tory,  a  period  of  anarchy  in  the  early 
17th  century:  account  of,  15,  21 

Trouin,  Duguay  (17th  century), 
French  soldier:  commands  expedi- 
tion against  Brazil,  21,  34 

Troup,  George  Mcintosh  (1780-1856), 
American  politician:  resents  United 
States  interference  in  Indian  trou- 
ble in  Georgia,  23,  470;  condemns 
Tassels,  the  Cherokee,  487 

Troxler  (19th  century),  Swiss  au- 
thor: deprived  of  his  appointment 
(1821),  13,  529 

Troy,  Asia  Minor:  archaeological  re- 
mains of,  2,  22;  story  of,  29 

Troyes,  de  (17th  century),  French 
colonist:  his  campaign  against  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company,  20,  86 

Troyes,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  concluded 
between  Henry  V  of  England  and 
Charles  VI  of  France  (1420),  9,  113, 
11,  200 

Truber,  Primus  (16th  century),  Sla- 
vonic scholar:  aids  the  Reformation 
in  Carinola,  17,  178 

Truce  of  God,  name  applied  at  differ- 
ent times  in  middle  ages  to  a  sus- 
pension of  private  quarrels  in  Ger- 
many, France,  England  and  else- 
where, 9,  68,  18,  128 

"  True-blooded  Yankee,"  American 
privateer:  in  the  War  of  1812,  23, 
424 

Trujillo,  Colombian  military  officer: 
his  administration  as  president  of 
Colombia  (1878-1880),  21,  244 

Trujillo  (Truxillo),  Peru:  rising  of  the 
garrison  in,  21,  209 

Trujillo  (Truxillo),  Armistice  of,  be- 
tween the  Spanish  and  Colombian 
generals,  21,  72 

Trumbull,  Jonathan  (1740-1809), 
American  statesman:  in  first  Con- 
gress, 23,  342 

Trumbull,  Lyman  (19th  century), 
American  statesman:  joins  liberal 
movement,  24,  890;  candidate  for 
Presidential  nomination   (1872),  891 

Trusts:  legislation  respecting,  24,  971; 
recommendations  in  Roosevelt's 
message    concerning,    1050;    "pub- 


licity bureau  "  created  for,  1052;  leg- 
islation against,  1052 

Truvor  (Thorwardr),  Varingian 
prince:  settles  in  Russia,  16,  40 

Truxton  (Truxtun),  Thomas  (1755- 
1822),  American  naval  officer:  com- 
mands "  Constellation,"  23,  375 

Tryon,  William  (ca.  1725-1788),  co- 
lonial governor  of  New  York:  de- 
feated at  battle  of  Alamance,  23, 
218 

Tsang-chi,  Tartar  general:  concludes 
treaty  with  Admiral  Alexiev  (1900), 
7,  286 

Tsaritsin,  Russia:  battle  of  (1774),  I5> 
170 

Tschendereli,  Kara  Khalil  (14th  cen- 
tury), Turkish  statesman:  his  plan 
for  organizing  the  Janissaries,  14, 
20 

Tschudi,  Giles  (1505-1572),  Swiss  his- 
torian and  Roman  Catholic  theo- 
logian: sketch  of,  13,  454 

Tschudin,  Valentine  (16th  century), 
Swiss    clergyman:    reforms    of,    13, 

439 

Tseng,  Marquis  (19th  century),  Chi- 
nese diplomat:  advises  against  war, 
6,  302 

Tseng  Kwofan  (19th  century),  Chi- 
nese soldier:  opposes  T'aip'ings 
(1852),  6,  149;  captures  Nanking, 
205;  at  Tientsin,  224 

Tshuli  Ali  (early  18th  century),  Grand 
Vizier   of  Turkey:   account   of,    14, 

275 

Tsimandroho  (19th  century),  King  of 
the  Sakalaves:  concludes  treaty  with 
the  French  (1840),  20,  277 

Tsinliang  (17th  century),  Chinese 
chieftain:  heroism  of,  6,  46 

Tso  Chungt'ang  (19th  century),  Chi- 
nese soldier:  in  Mohammedan  Re- 
bellions, 6,  218 

Tso  Shingnor  (16th  century),  Chinese 
soldier:  sent  to  aid  the  Koreans,  7, 
118 

T'sungcheng  (17th  century),  Chinese 
Emperor:  reign  of,  6,  47 

Tsungli  Yamen,  Chinese  Board  of 
Foreign  Office:  establishment  of,  p, 


GENERAL    INDEX 


719 


220;  in  Boxer  Rebellion,  284,  299, 
301,  303;  powers  demand  abolish- 
ment of,  286;  superseded,  305 

Tsushima,  islands  belonging  to  Japan, 
in  the  channel  of  Korea:  battle  of 
(1419),  7,  103 

Tsushima  Straits,  between  Korea  and 
Japan:  strategic  value  of,  6,  310 

Tu  (19th  century),  Mohammedan 
rebel,  6,  211 

Tu  Fu,  Chinese  poet:  sketch  of,  6, 
15 

Tuamotu  (Paumota  or  Paumotu) 
Islands  or  Low  Archipelago,  a  group 
of  islands  of  the  South  Pacific:  un- 
der  French  rule,  20,  276 

Tuan,  Prince,  Chinese  official:  in 
Boxer  Rebellion,  6,  279,  302;  sen- 
tenced  (1900),  285,  305 

Tuan  Fang  (ca.  1900),  Chinese  states- 
man: aids  foreigners  in  Boxer  Re- 
bellion, 6,  304 

Tuaregs,  African  tribe:  resist  the 
French,  19,  152 

Tubaal:  see  Ethbaal 

Tubman,  Harriet,  American  abolition- 
ist: aids  slaves  to  escape  from 
South,  24,  617 

Tubuai  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in 
Polynesia:  under  French  rule,  20, 
276 

Tubulus,  Gaius  Hostilius  (3rd  century 
B.  C),  Roman  general:  at  battle  of 
Grumentum,  3,  128 

Tucker,  Henry  St.  George  (1771- 
1851),  Anglo-Indian  statesman: 
secretary  for  Wellesley,  5,  202 

Tuckey  (early  19th  century),  African 
explorer:  explorations  of,  19,  47 

Tudela,  Spain:  battle  of  (1808),  9, 
334 

Tudor,  Henry,  Earl  of  Richmond:  see 
Henry  VII,  King  of  England 

Tugendbung:  see  Victory,  League  of 

Tughlak  Dynasty,  line  of  rulers  of 
India:  founded,  5,  101 

Tuileries,  Palace  of  the,  a  royal  resi- 
dence, formerly  existing  in  Paris: 
deserted  by  the  king,  10,  195;  at- 
tack of,  on  the  10th  of  August,  196; 
blockade  of,  260;  burned,  9,  472 

Tuillibardine,  Marquis  of  (early  18th 


century),  Spanish  military  officer: 
his  campaign  in  Scotland,  12,  365 

Tukulti-Ninib,  King  of  Assyria,  13th 
century  B.  C:  conquers  Babylonia, 
1,  78 

Tulga,  King  of  the  Goths,  640-642  A. 
D.:  reign  of,  8,  44 

Tulliot,  Henri  (living),  French  engi- 
neer: associated  with  the  Wellman 
Expedition,  16,  340 

Tuman  Beg  or  Bey  (d.  1517),  Sultan 
of  Egypt:  succeeds  Kansu,  14,  130; 
reign  of,  1,  36;  his  capture  and 
death,  14,  133 

Tunebos,  South  America:  Indians  de- 
stroy themselves  at,  21,  50 

Tung  Chow,  China:  Boxer  troubles 
at,  6,  300 

Tung  Fuhsiang  (ca.  1900),  Chinese 
commander:  in  Boxer  Rebellion,  6, 
279;  sentenced  to  banishment,  285 

T'ungcheh  (d.  1875),  Emperor  of 
China:  name  of,  selected,  6,  190; 
marriage  of,  229;  assumes  control 
of  the  empire,  230;  death  of,  236 

Tunis,  province  of  North  Africa: 
United  States  purchases  immunity 
from,  23,  394;  occupied  by  the 
French,  19,  80;  under  French  pro- 
tection, 19,  262,  20,  280;  Italian 
claims  in,  19,  249 

Tunis,  city  in  Africa:  captured  by 
Barbarossa,  14,  162;  taken  and  plun- 
dered by  Christians,  163;  retaken  by 
Turks,  200 

Tunja,  a  province  in  South  America: 
rebels  against  Spanish  authority,  21, 
56;  taken  by  the  revolutionists 
(1819),  68 

Tupac  Amaru  (1742-1781),  Peruvian 
Inca:  leads  revolt  in  Peru,  20,   133 

Tupper,  Sir  Charles  (1821 ),  Cana- 
dian statesman:  leads  movement  in 
Nova  Scotia  for  union  with  Canada, 
20,   164;  at  the  Quebec  convention, 

165 
Tur,    village    in    Hungary:    battle    of 

(1849),  15,  302 
Turcoin,  France:  battle  of   (1794),  9, 

290 
Turenne,    Henri   de    La   Tour   d'Au- 

vergne,    Viscount    of     (1611-1675), 


720 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


French  soldier:  German  campaign 
of,  18,  292;  joins  the  Fronde,  9, 
202;  joins  queen's  party,  204;  his 
campaigns  against  Conde,  206;  his 
campaigns  against  the  Dutch,  9,  210, 
*3,  235,  18,  300;  death  of,  9,  211 

Turgeniev  (Turgenieff,  Tourgieniev, 
or  Tourguenev),  Ivan  Sergeivitch 
(1818-1883),  Russian  novelist:  ac- 
count of,  15,  199,  332 

Turgesius  (Turges)  (9th  century  A. 
D.),  a  viking:  leads  invasion  of 
Danes  into  Ireland,  12,  39 

Turgot  (12th  century),  Archbishop  of 
St.  Andrews:  consecrated,  12,  262 

Turgot,  Anne  Robert  Jacques,  Baron 
de  (1727-1781),  French  statesman, 
political  economist,  and  financier: 
made  comptroller-general  of  fi- 
nances, 9,  253;  disgraced,  254; sketch 
of,  10,  14,  26 

Turin,  Italy:  battle  of  (312  A.  D.),  4, 
118;  siege  of  (1640),  323;  taken  by 
Prince  Eugene  (1706),  4,  330,  9, 
222,  16,  218;  revolution  of  the  Car- 
bonari, 4,  354 

Turin,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  concluded 
between  the  Venetians  and  the  Gen- 
oese (1381),  4,  241 

Turin  Papyrus,  The,  an  Egyptian  man- 
uscript: value  of,  1,  13 

Turk,  J.  C.  (late  19th  century),  Amer- 
ican engineer:  builds  the  Gokteik 
viaduct,  5,  290 

Turkestan,  western  Asia:  reduced  by 
Arabs,  14,  4 

Turkey,  absolute  monarchy  of  west- 
ern Asia  and  of  eastern  Europe: 
the  Eastern  Question,  14,  3;  the 
rise  of  the  Ottomans,  9;  the  Otto- 
mans enter  Europe,  19;  conquests 
of  the  Ottomans,  in  Europe  and 
Asia,  29;  the  struggle  for  the  Bal- 
kan, 52;  Mohammed  II  and  the  Con- 
quest of  Constantinople,  71;  poli- 
tical institutions  and  government 
under  Mohammed  II,  88;  Bayezid 
II  and  Prince  Djem,  107;  Selim  I 
and  the  conquest  of  Egypt  and 
Syria,  119;  first  years  of  the  epoch 
of  Suleiman  the  Great,  143;  last 
years  of  the  epoch  of  Suleiman  the 


Great,  158;  Selim  II  and  the  begin- 
nings of  decline,  191;  de^ay  of  the 
empire,  201;  revival  of  t»e  empire 
under  Murad  IV,  215;  the  age  of 
the  great  viziers,  225;  Kara  Musta- 
pha  and  the  siege  of  Vienna,  247; 
the  war  of  the  Holy  Alliance,  255-, 
Peter  the  Great  and  Turkey,  273; 
Mahmud  I  and  wars  with  Russia, 
Austria,  and  Persia,  295;  Catherine 
II  of  Russia  and  loss  of  the  Crimea, 
320;  renewal  of  the  struggle  with 
Russia,  342;  the  Ottoman  empire  in 
the  18th  century,  364;  Turkey 
in  the  age  of  revolution,  377;  Mah- 
mud II  and  the  birth  of  modern 
Turkey,  408;  Abdul  Medjid  and  the 
Crimean  War,  439;  Sultan  Abdul 
Aziz  and  Turkish  efforts  at  reform, 
462;  Abdul  Hamid  and  the  empire 
to-day,  489;  condition  of  the  Jews 
in,  1,  421 

Turkey,  The  Granary  of:  see  Egypt 

Turkheim,  Germany:  battle  of  (1674), 
9,  211 

Turkmantchai,  Treaty  of,  a  peace  be- 
tween Russia  and  Persia  (1828),  5, 
359,  15,  283 

Turks:  capture  Constantinople,  23,  20: 
invade  Carinthia  and  Carniola,  ij, 
109;  see  also  Ottoman  Turks 

Turner,  George  (1850 ),  American 

jurist  and  statesman:  in  Alaskan 
boundary  commission,  24,  1055 

Turner,  Sir  James  (17th  century),  Eng- 
lish soldier:  his  campaign  against 
Scottish  conventicles,  13,  346 

Turner,  Nat,  negro  insurrectionist: 
heads  slave  uprising,  24,  575 

Turnhout,  the  Netherlands:  battles  of 
(1597),  13,  164;   (1789),  261 

Turpentine  State,  The:  see  North 
Carolina 

Turpin,  Bishop  (9th  century),  scholar 
and  writer  of  chronicles:  at  court 
of  Charlemagne,  18,  86 

Turretin  (Turretini),  Francois  (1623- 
1687),  Swiss  theologian:  sketch  of, 
13,  482 

Turriff,  Trot  of:  see  Trot  of  Turriff 

Tuscany,  Italy:  republic  declared,  4, 
366 


GENERAL    INDEX 


721 


Tuscarora  Indians,  tribe  of  American 
Indians:  have  survived  surrounding 
tribes,  23,  117;  massacre  settlers  in 
North  Carolina,  74 

Tusculum,  Italy:  war  with  Rome,  3, 

64 

Tusmula,  South  America:  battle  of 
(1825),  31,  182 

Tusum  AH  (early  19th  century),  Egyp- 
tian officer:  given  command  of 
Egyptian  army,  1,  38 

Tutilo  (d.  896),  Swiss  monk:  sketch 
of,  13,  343 

Tuttlingen,  Germany:  battle  of  (1643), 

9,  199 
Tutuila,  island  in  the  Pacific:  ceded  to 
the  United  States,  20,  322,  34,  978, 

1034 

Tuxetapec,  Plan  of,  manifesto  of  Gen- 
eral Diaz  (1776):  account  of,  22, 
406 

Tuyl,  Baron  (early  19th  century),  Rus- 
sian   statesman:    Russian    minister, 

23,  447 
Tver,  Russia:  annexed  to  Moscow,  15, 

12  !   ■       .    !      J 

Tweed  Ring,  American  political  union: 
account  of,  24,  897 

Twelve,  The  Commission  of,  French 
committee  of  safety  in  the  first  rev- 
olution (1793):  appointment  of,  10 
256;  insurrection  against,  256 

Twelve  Tables,  The,  Roman  legal 
code:  established,  3,  44 

Twenty-First  Rule,  in  American  his- 
tory, a  rule  of  the  House  against 
the  consideration  of  the  petitions  of 
the  Abolitionists  (1840),  24,  579 

Twenty-Four  Articles,  Treaty  of  the, 
treaty  regulating  the  separation  of 
Holland  and  Belgium  (1831),  9,  400 

Twenty-Four  Parganas,  district  in  In- 
dia: transferred  to  the  Company,  5, 
184 

Twiggs,  David  Emanuel  (1790-1862), 
American  general:  in  the  Mexican 
War,  22,  326;  surrenders  army 
stores  to  Confederates,  24,  691 

"Two-ninety,"  name  given  to  the 
"  Alabama,"  24,  882 

Two-Penny   Act,    bill   passed    by   the 


Virginia  legislature,  providing  that 
all  debts  payable  in  tobacco  might 
at  the  option  of  the  debtor  be  dis- 
charged in  money,  23,  151 

Tyler,  John  (1790-1845),  President  of 
the  United  States,  1841-1844:  nom- 
inated for  Vice-President,  24,  521; 
becomes  President,  526;  early  ca- 
reer, 526;  on  the  question  of  na- 
tional banks,  526;  alienated  from 
Whig  Party,  528;  settles  dispute  in 
Rhode  Island,  530;  annexation  of 
Texas,  535,  538;  renominated  for 
President,  537;  president  of  the 
Compromise  Convention  (1861), 
702;  his  disapproval  of  treaty  with 
Nicaragua,  1056 

Tyler,  Wat  (d.  1381),  English  rebel: 
leads  Peasants'  Revolt,  II,  174; 
death,  175 

Tyng,  Captain  (early  18th  century), 
English  colonial  sea-captain:  given 
charge  of  Pepperell's  fleet,  23,   165 

Type  Quarrel,  The,  a  discussion  of 
questions  of  precedence  between 
Frederick  IV  of  Sweden  and  Duke 
Charles  Frederick  of  Holstein-Got- 
torp  (1721),  16,  236 

Tyranny,  in  Greek  history,  the  rule  of 
one  who  usurped  absolute  power: 
succeeds  oligarchy  at  Corinth  and 
Sicyon,  2,  76;  age  of,  90;  in  Greek 
political  cycle,  91 

Tyrawly  (early  18th  century),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  at  the  Russian  court, 
15,  140 

Tyrconnel,  Richard  Talbot,  Earl  of 
(d.  1691),  Irish  royalist  of  Norman 
descent:  sent  to  Ireland,  II,  425 

Tyre,  Asia  Minor,  called  The  Queen 
of  the  Sea:  location  of,  I,  119;  sieges 
of  (701  B.  C),  1,  124,  2,  78;  (670 
B.  C),  I,  9o;  (598-585  B.  C),  125; 
stormed  by  Alexander  (332  B.  C.)» 
1,  125,  168,  2,  494;  conquered  by  the 
Saracens,  1,  286,  11,  no;  see  also 
Phoenicians 

Tyrisval,  Sweden:  battle  of  (983  A. 
D.),  16,  58 

Tyrol,  country  of  Austria-Hungary: 
part    of,   united   with    Hungary  and 


722 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Bohemia,  17,  4;  German  element  in, 
6;  Italian  element  in,  8;  united  to 
Austria,  104;  insurrection  of,  177; 
progress  of  the  Reformation  in, 
178;  advent  of  the  Jesuits  in,  179; 
condition  of  peasants  relieved  by 
Maria  Theresa,  259;  in  the  struggle 
against  the  French  Revolution,  286; 


insurrection  of  (1809),  17,  296,  18, 
375.  377',  dismembered,  17,  300 

Tyrrheni:  see  Etruscans 

Tyrtaeus  (d.  685  B.  C),  Greek  poet: 
sketch  of,  2,  72,  74 

Tzympe,  Castle  of,  southeastern  Eu- 
rope: taken  by  Suleiman  Pasha,  14, 
26 


u 


Uah-ab-ra:  see  Apries 

Uberti,  Farinata  degl'  (13th  century), 

Florentine    leader:    saves    Florence 

from  destruction,  4,  212 
Ubii,  Germanic  tribe:  location  of,  18, 

6;  submit  to  Caesar,  13 
Uchh  (Alexandria),  India:  founded,  5, 

69 
Uchida  (living),  Japanese  diplomatist: 
protests    against    Russian    demands 

(1903),  7,  294 

Ucles,  Spain:  battle  of,  8,  91 

Uda,  Emperor  of  Japan,  893-898  A. 
D.:  reign  of,  7,  47 

Udhunala,  India:  battle  of  (1763),  5, 
187 

Uganda,  a  region  in  Africa:  English 
attempt  to  gain  a  foothold  in,  19, 
190;  made  over  in  perpetuity  to 
British  protection,  195;  description 
of,  20,  261 

Ugolino,  Count  of  the  Gherardesca 
(d.  1289),  Pisan  leader:  treachery 
and  fate  of,  4,  236 

Uhlefeld:  see  Ulfeld 

Ujejski  (19th  century),  Polish  poet: 
sketch  of,  15,  299,  17,  348 

Ukita  Hideiye  (16th  century),  Jap- 
anese statesman:  member  of  coun- 
cil of  state,  7,  114;  his  campaign 
against  Korea,  116;  at  battle  of  Se- 
kigahara,  123 

Ulefeld:  see  Ulfeld 

Ulema,  The,  a  Turkish  order  of  men 
learned  in  law:   account  of,   14,  98, 

369 
Ulfeld    (Uhlefeld,    Ulefeld),    Eleanor 

Kristine,    sister   of   King    Frederick 

III  of  Denmark:  sketch  of,  16,  202, 

230 
Ulfeld  (Uhlefeld,  Ulefeld),  Korfitz  (d. 

1664),  Danish  courtier:  influence  of, 


16,  202;  at  the  Swedish  court,  207; 
flees  from  Denmark,  230 

Ulfilas  (Ulphilas,  Wulfila)  (311-381  A. 
D.),  Gothic  bishop:  missionary  to 
the  Goths,  4,  136;  his  Gothic  gos- 
pels, 16,  9;  career  of,  18,  32 

Ulfliot  (Ulfljot),  Constitution  of,  a 
code  of  laws  drawn  up  for  the  gov- 
ernment of  Iceland  (930  A.  D.),  16, 

299 

Ulfljot  (Ulfliot)  (10th  century),  Ice- 
landic legislator:  studies  the  laws  of 
Norway,  16,  46 

Ullerup,  Germany:  battle  of  (1849), 
16,  271 

Ulloa,  Francisco  de  (d.  ca.  1540), 
Spanish  captain:  explores  the  coast 
of  California,  22,  73 

Ulloa,  Lope  de  (16th  century),  Mex- 
ican diplomat:  in  the  New  Mexico 
expedition,  22,  141 

Ulm,  Germany:  submits  to  the  em- 
peror (1547),  18,  255;  seized  by  the 
French   (1702),  312 

Ulm,  Capitulation  of,  the  surrender 
of  Austrian  army  to  Napoleon 
(1805),  4,  347,  10,  464,  11,  557,  17, 
293,  18,  367 

Ulozhenie,  Russian  code  of  laws  pub- 
lished by  Alexis  (1649):  description 
of,  15,  71,  181 

Ulphilas:  see  Ulfilas 

Ulric  (13th  century),  Count  of  Wiir- 
temberg:  revolt  of,  18,  180 

Ulric  (d.  1269),  Duke  of  Carinthia  and 
Carniola:  death  of,  17,  74 

Ulric  (Ulrich)  (1487-1550),  Duke  of 
Wiirtemberg:  oppressions  of,  18, 
229;  reinstated,  250;  submits  to  the 
emperor,  255 

Ulrica  (Ulrika)  Eleanora  (1688-1744), 
Queen  of  Sweden:  accession  of,  16, 


723 


724 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


225;    continues   the    Northern   War, 

IS,   67 
Ulrica  Eleanora   of   Denmark    (1656- 

1692),  Queen  of  Sweden:  marriage 

of,  16,  212 
Ulrich,  Switzerland:  battle  of  (1419), 

13,  393 
Ulrich  of  Rosenberk:  see  Rosenberk, 

Ulrich  of 
Ulrika:  see  Ulrica 

Uludj   Ali    (Kilidj   Ali),    Turkish   ad- 
miral   (16th    century) :    at    siege    of 
Malta,  24,  638 
Ulysses  (Odysseus),  legendary  Greek 
hero:   home  of,  2,   10;   in   Homeric 
poems,  29,  33,  82 
Uncle  Tom's  Cabin,  novel  by  Harriet 
Beecher     Stowe,     directed     against 
slavery:  its  effect,  24,  638 
Uncrowned    Monarch,    The:    see    O'- 

Connell,  Daniel 
Underground   Railroad,   a  method   of 
transveying  fugitive  slaves  of  Amer- 
ica to  Canada:  account  of,  24,  616 
Underhand  Peace,  The:  see  Chatres, 

Treaty  of 
Unfortunate  Peace,  The:  see  Cateau 

Cambresis,  Treaty  of 
Uniate  Church,  composed  of  members 
of  the  Greek  Church  who  had  sub 
mitted  to  the  authority  of  the  Pope 
description  of,  15,  297,  381 
Uniformity  Acts: 

1559-  An  act  passed  by  the  Eng- 
lish Parliament  forbidding  the  use 
of  any  form  of  public  prayer 
other  than  that  of  the  new  Prayer 
Book,  11,  275 
1662.  An  act  passed  by  the  Eng- 
lish Parliament  establishing  the 
Episcopal  religion,  11,  382 
Union,  Acts  of: 

1707.  A  statute  uniting  the  king- 
doms of  England  and  Scotland, 
11,  457,  12,  356 
1801.  A  statute  uniting  the  king- 
doms of  Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land, 11,  545,  12,  215 
1815.     A     statute     uniting    Norway 

and    Sweden,    16,    261 
1840.     A  statute  uniting  the  French 
and  English  in  Canada,  20,  157 


Union,  Edicts  of: 

1588.  An  act  proclaimed  at  Blois, 
by  which  Henry  III  was  declared 
chief  of  the  league  of  Catholics 
in  France  against  the  Huguenots, 
9,  163 
1648.  An  act  passed  by  the  French 
government  declaring  that  all 
crown  courts  should  be  treated 
alike,  9,  200 

Union  of  Bohemian  Brothers:  see  Bo- 
hemian Brothers 

Union  of  Rhenish  Cities,  formed  by 
Mayence,  Speyer,  Worms,  Strass- 
burg,  and  Basel  (1254),  18,  175 

Union  Pacific  Railroad,  United  States: 
built,  24,  902 

Unitarians,  a  religious  sect:  denied 
rights  of  "  Toleration  Act,"  23,  72 

United  African  Company,  English 
trading  company:  formed,  19,  78; 
assumes  all  the  British  interests  on 
the  Niger  River,  154 

United  Company  of  Merchants  of 
England  trading  to  the  East  Indies, 
The,  English  trading  company:  or- 
ganized, 5,  159;  founded,  20,  63;  end 
of,  141 

United  Concessions  Company,  British 
trading  company:  organized,  19,  224 

United  Irishmen,  Irish  reform  society 
founded  by  Wolfe  Tone  in  1791: 
founded,  II,  545,  12,  198 

United  States,  History  of:  aboriginal 
America,  23,  3;  discoveries  and  ex- 
plorations, 19;  the  planting  of  the 
southern  colonies,  56;  the  planting 
of  the  northern  colonies,  83;  colo- 
nial governments,  114;  colonial  life 
and  institutions,  126;  inter-colonial 
wars,  157;  the  French  and  Indian 
War,  167;  the  rupture  with  the 
mother  country,  201;  revolution  and 
independence,  229;  the  war  in  the 
middle  colonies,  242;  the  war  in  the 
southern  colonies,  271;  transition 
from  colonies  to  states,  298;  estab- 
lishment of  the  republic,  321;  the 
first  eight  years  of  the  constitution, 
340;  the  federalist  supremacy,  370; 
Jeffersonian  republicanism,  383;  the 
second  war  with  Great  Britain,  413; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


725 


the  era  of  good  feeling  and  indus- 
trial development,  434;  rise  of  the 
democratic  party,  459;  the  Jackson- 
ian  epoch,  477;  the  Whig  ascend- 
ency, 24,  519;  Polk's  administration 
and  the  war  with  Mexico,  540;  rise 
of  the  slavery  controversy,  561;  Tay- 
lor and  Fillmore  administration, 
592;  Pierce's  administration  and  the 
renewal  of  the  slavery  controversy, 
623;  administration  of  Buchanan, 
657;  secession  of  the  southern 
states,  684;  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil 
War,  714;  the  war  in  the  west,  738; 
operations  in  the  east,  754;  Vicks- 
burg  and  Gettysburg,  Tjy.  last  year 
of  the  war,  786;  general  observa- 
tions on  the  war,  815;  Andrew 
Johnson  and  reconstruction,  830; 
treaty  with  China,  6,  221;  the  ad- 
ministration of  President  Grant,  and 
the  results  of  reconstruction,  24, 
857;  Grant's  second  term,  889; 
Hayes  and  the  end  of  the  southern 
question,  906;  Garfield  and  Arthur, 
925;  the  administration  of  Grover 
Cleveland,  942;  the  administration  of 
Benjamin  Harrison,  963;  Cleveland's 
second  term,  988;  William  McKin- 
ley  —  the  war  with  Spain,  ion;  pro- 
tests against  action  of  Russia,  6, 
311;  administration  of  Roosevelt,  24, 
1049;  treaty  with  China  revised,  6, 
318;  Chinese  in,  320;  concludes 
treaty  with  Japan,  7,  190;  progress 
of  a  century,  24,  1086 

"United  States,"  American  frigate: 
built,  23,  375;  captures  "Mace- 
donian," 422 

United  States  Bank:  founded,  23,  352; 
re-chartered,  438;  proposed,  439; 
Jackson  opposed  to  re-charter,  485; 
account  of  Jackson's  war  on,  500; 
Democratic  Party  opposes  the  re- 
newal of  its  charter,  24,  522;  re- 
establishment  question  raised,  527 

Universities  and  Colleges: 

ARABIA:  college  at  Bagdad,  1,  346 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  Zwingli  at 
Vienna,  13,  433;  Fiinfkirchen,  17, 
154;  Academia  Corviniana,  166; 
Prague  founded  (1348),  18,  192;  Jes- 


uit Colleges  (17th  century),  17,  182; 
Innsbruck  and  Breslau  (ca.  1700), 
189;  Vienna,  managed  by  the  gov- 
ernment, 260;  Oriental  Academy 
(1754),  262;  Lemberg  (1783),  268; 
Czech  language  taught  at  Prague, 
341;  Wiclif's  teachings  condemned 
by  Prague,  120;  Prague  closed,  126, 
200,  274;  Prague  divided  into  Ger- 
man and  Czech  (1882),  427;  Huss  at 
Prague,  18,  202;  Prague  reorgan- 
ized, 205;  Cracow,  17,  115;  academy 
at  Cracow  (1871),  417;  Academy  of 
Sciences  (1847),  357;  Agram  (1874), 
417;  Czernowitz  (1876),  417;  acad- 
emy at  Agram,  417;  Pesth,  417 
CHINA:  at  Peking  (1866),  6,  260; 
Imperial  College,  2^,  291;  Saigon 
(1874),  20,  274 

DENMARK:  Copenhagen  (1479), 
16,  136,  197:  military  and  naval  col- 
leges, 200;  academy  at  Soro  reor- 
ganized, 240 

ENGLAND:  East  India  College 
near  London,  5,  202;  Oxford  (12th 
century),  11,  116;  Merton  founded, 
142;  King's  College,  Cambridge, 
231;  reformers  at  Oxford,  239;  Ips- 
wich (1524),  244;  Wolsey's  College 
at  Oxford  refounded  as  Christ- 
church,  247;  Oxford  confers  degree 
on  Schwarzenberg,  17,  311 
FRANCE:  University  of  Paris  sup- 
ports Philip  IV  against  the  Pope, 
9,  88;  College"  Louis-le-Grand  at 
Paris,  10,  218;  established  under  the 
Convention  (i795),  363,  364;  Uni- 
versity of  France  (College  de 
France  and  the  Sorbonne),  10,  448, 
II,  116;  Paris  reorganized,  9,  490; 
political  power  of  Paris  (1410),  18, 
203 

GERMANY:  Leipsic  (1409),  17,  121, 
18,  202;  Luther  at  Erfurt,  18,  234; 
Wittenberg  (1505),  234;  library  at 
Heidelberg,  272;  Halle  (1694),  320; 
Academy  of  Science  in  Berlin 
(171 1),  320;  liberal  movement 
(1819),  394;  Strasburg,  436 
GREECE:  at  Athens  (1836),  2,  550 
INDIA:  Xavier's  college  at  Goa 
(1600),  20,  97;  medical   college  un- 


726 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


der  British  government,  5,  48;  in 
the  14th  century,  104;  college  at 
Fort  William,  202;  Universities  Act 
(1904),  291;  Mohammedan  Anglo- 
Oriental  College  (1877),  5,  256 
IRELAND:  before  700  A.  D.,  13, 

34,  35 

ITALY:  Galileo  at  Pisa,  4,  320;  Tu- 
rin founded  (1559),  308;  reestablish- 
ment  of  university  in  Turin,  331; 
Piacenza  (1750),  338;  low  standard 
of,  402;  Bologna,  II,  116,  18,  176; 
Padua,  18,  176;  Salerno,  18,  176 
JAPAN:  Kyoto  (750  A.  D.),  7,  34 
MEXICO:  antiquities  at,  22,  94; 
(iS53),  22,  117,  170;  Jesuit  college 
founded  (1572),  129,  204 
NETHERLANDS:  Louvain  (1425), 
13,  63;  Leyden  (1574).  169;  at  Douay 
(1562),  169 

PERSIA:  at  Susa   (570  A.  D.),  5, 
320;  in  the  12th  century,  331 
PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS:    Manila 
(1603),  20,  312 

POLAND:  Warsaw,  15,  329 
PORTUGAL:  royal  academy  of  his- 
tory, 8,  471;  academy  of   sciences, 
476 

RUSSIA:  St.  Athanasius,  15,  72; 
Academy  of  Sciences  (1735),  113, 
195;  Moscow  (1755),  149;  Dorpat, 
331 

SCOTLAND:  St.  Andrews  (1410), 
12,  290;  Aberdeen  (1513),  301;  Glas- 
gow, 296 

SOUTH  AMERICA:  in  Argentine 
Republic,  21,  120,  135;  in  Bolivia, 
243;  in  Brazil,  20,  92,  21,  178;  in 
Chili,  21,  228,  241;  in  Colombia,  92, 
301;  in  Ecuador,  106;  in  Paraguay, 
260;  in  Peru,  214;  in  Uruguay,  259 
SPAIN:  Jesuits  expelled  from,  8, 
419;  Cordova,  18,  176;  Salamanca 
founded  (1415),  8,  430 
SWEDEN:  Upsala  (17th  century), 
16,  179 

SWITZERLAND:  St.  Gall  the  cen- 
ter of  learning,  13,  345;  Basle 
(1500),  428,  439;  Lausanne  (1536), 
448,  452;  Zurich  (1832),  543;  Berne 
(1833),  543;  since  1870,  583 


TURKEY:  under  Mohammed  (15th 
century),  14,  98 

UNITED  STATES:  Harvard,  23, 
91,  140;  William  and  Mary  College 
(1692),  137,  141;  Yale  (1701),  140; 
Brown,  140;  Dartmouth,  140;  King's 
College  (Columbia)  (1754),  140; 
Princeton  (1746),  141,  249;  Rutgers 
(1765),  141;  Pennsylvania  (1749), 
141;  Williams,  183;  in  the  South, 
24,  589;  Oberlin  College  and  the 
Fugitive  Slave  Law,  672;  for  the  ne- 
groes in  the  South,  874;  Leland 
Stanford,   1084 

Universities  Act,  an  act  passed  to 
harmonize  and  unify  the  work  of 
the  colleges  and  universities  of  In- 
dia (1904),  5,  291 

Unkian-Skelessi,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty 
concluded  between  Russia  and 
Turkey  (1833),  9,  403,  14,  435,  443, 
15,  291 

Unni  (10th  century  A.  D.),  Arch- 
bishop of  Bremen:  mission  of,  16, 
28 

Unstrut,  Germany:  battle  of  (1075), 
17,  90 

Unterwalden,  a  canton  of  Switzer- 
land: secures  independence,   18,  184 

Upingtonia,  name  given  to  an  intend- 
ed republic  in  Africa:  attempts  to 
establish,  19,  173 

Upper  Austria:  united  with  Hungary 
and  Bohemia,  17,  3;  relics  of  the 
stone  age  found  in,  10;  settled  by  the 
Vandals,  14;  surrendered  to  the  Em- 
pire, 75 

Upper  Burgundy,  Kingdom  of:  estab- 
lishment of,  18,  98 

Upper  Peru:  see  Bolivia 

Upsala  Burning,  The,  the  burning  of 
six  minor  kings  of  Sweden  by  the 
king,  Ingjald  Illraada,  16,  36 

Upsala  Mota,  the  form  of  religion 
adopted  by  the  Swedes,  16,  168 

Uraga  (19th  century),  Mexican  gen- 
eral: at  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo 
(1847),  22,  325 

Uranienborg,  a  castle  on  the  island  of 
Hven,  Sweden:  description  of,  16, 
198 


GENERAL    INDEX 


727 


Urban  II  (d.  1099),  Pope,  1088-1099: 
appointed  by  the  Normans  and  the 
French,  18,  136;  preaches  the  first 
crusade,  9,  70,  11,  87;  his  relations 
with  Eric  Ejegod,  16,  74 

Urban  III  (Uberto  Crivelli),  Pope, 
1185-1187:  opposes  Frederick  Bar- 
barossa,  18,  155 

Urban  IV  (Jacques  Pantaleon),  Pope, 
1261-1264:  pontificate  of,  18,  169 

Urban  V  (Guillaume  de  Grimoard) 
(d.  1370),  Pope,  1362-1370:  preaches 
crusade  against  the  Turks,  4,  276, 
14,  30;  his  relations  with  Charles 
IV  of  Germany,  18,  194;  sanctions 
the  establishment  of  the  University 
of  Fiinfkirchen,  17,  154 

Urban  VI  (Bartholomew  Prignano), 
Pope,  1378-1389:  election  of,  9,  105; 
sanctions  dethronement  of  Joanna 
of  Naples,  4,  261;  opposes  Juan  I  of 
Portugal,  8,   173 

Urban  VIII  (Maffeo  Barberini),  Pope, 
1633-1644;  favors  the  natives  of 
Brazil,  31,  38 

Urban  (19th  century),  Slovak  patriot: 
leads  his  people  (1843),  17,  357 

Ur-Bau  (ca.  3200  B.  C.)>  King  of  Bab- 
ylonia:  reign  of,    I,  76 

Urbicus,  Lollius  (2nd  centuty  A.  D.), 
legate  of  Antonius  Pius:  his  cam- 
paign against  the  Picts,  12,  249 

Urbina,  Jose  Maria,  radical  leader  in 
Ecuador:  made  dictator  of  Ecuador 
(1851),  21,  no;  invades  Ecuador, 
114 

Urbino,  Duke  of  (16th  century),  Ital- 
ian soldier:  raises  an  army  for  the 
defense  of  Italy,  9,  140 

Ureta  (19th  century),  Peruvian  states- 
man: candidate  for  the  presidency 
(1872),  31,  210 

Urgel,  Spain:  siege  of  (1691),  8,  384 

Urgel,  Count  de  (15th  century),  Span- 
ish nobleman:  claims  the  throne  of 
Aragon,  8,  260 

Ur-Gur  of  Ur  (3rd  century  B.  C), 
King  of  Sumer  and  Accad:  reign 
of,  1,  76 

Uri,  Swiss  canton:  secures  independ- 
ence, 18,  184 

Uri,  Landammann  of  (17th  century), 


Swiss  statesman:  at  the  Miinster 
Conference,  13,  465 

Uribe,  Paraguayan  statesman:  his 
presidency  of  Paraguay  (1875-1878), 
21,  260 

Uriburn,  Jose  (19th  century),  Argen- 
tine statesman:  his  presidency  of 
Argentina  (1895-1898),  21,  257 

Uriqua,  South  America:  battle  of 
(1814),  21,  63 

Urosan,  Korea:  siege  of,  7,  120 

Urquiza,  Justo  Jose  de  (1800-1871), 
Argentine  general  and  politician: 
joins  insurrection  against  Rosas,  21, 
126;  wins  battle  of  Cepeda,  129;  his 
power  in  Entre  Rios,  131 

Urraca  (d.  1126),  Queen  of  Leon  and 
Castile:  reign  of,  8,  143;  marries  Al- 
fonso I  of  Aragon,  233 

Urseolus  (10th  century  A.  D.),  Doge 
of  Venice:  marriage  of,  17,  46 

Ursua,  Pedro  de,  Spanish  soldier:  ex- 
plorations of,  21,  28 

Ursus,  Saint  (4th  century  A.  D.): 
martyred,  13,  334 

Uruguay,  republic  in  South  America: 
from  1828  to  1876,  21,  137;  from 
1876  to  1906,  258 

Uryn  (ca.  1900),  Japanese  Rear  Ad- 
miral: his  services  in  the  Russo- 
Japanese  War  (1904-1905),  7,  303 

Uscocchi,  a  band  of  Italian  assassins: 
attack  Venice,  4,  314 

Usertesen  I,  King  of  Egypt,  ca.  1980 
B.  C:  reign  of,  1,  18 

Usertesen  II,  King  of  Egypt,  ca.  1905 
B.   C. :  reign  of,  I,   19 

Usertesen  III,  King  of  Egypt,  ca.  1875 
B.  C. :  reign  of,  1,  19 

Usipetes  (Usipites),  German  tribe:  mi- 
gration of,  3,  301;  defeated  by 
Csesar,  18,  12 

Usman,  Khalif  (7th  century  A.  D.), 
Mohammedan  ruler:  sends  expedi- 
tion to  Bombay  coast,  5,  88 

Usselinx,  William,  Swedish  trader: 
founds  the  South  Company  of  Swe- 
den (1624),  16,  179 

Uster,  Assembly  of,  a  Swiss  assembly 
held  at  Uster  (1830),  the  purpose  of 
which  was  to  remodel  the  constitu- 
tion, 13,   533 


728 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Uster,  Memorial  of,  the  wishes  of  the 
people  as  embodied  in  a  new  form 
by  the  Swiss  assembly,  13,  535 

Usteri,  Martin  (1763-1827),  Swiss  poet: 
sketch  of,  13,  522 

Usteri,  Paul  (1768-1831),  Swiss  states- 
man: upholds  revolutionary  ideas, 
I3»  S03;  leads  the  Centralists,  518; 
influence  of,  531 

Ustrialov,  N.,  Russian  historian: 
quoted,  15,  51,  73 

Utah,  United  States:  ceded  to  United 
States,  24,  552;  meeting  of  the  Cen- 
tral and  Union  Pacific  Railroads 
near  Ogden,  902;  admitted,  984; 
Presidential  election  of  1900,  1040 

Utica,  Africa:  made  capital  of  prov- 
ince of  Africa,  3,  165;  siege  of  (49 
B.  G),  342;  battle  of  (699  A.  D.),  I, 

307 

Utica,  New  York:  Barnburners'  con- 
vention, 24,  559 

Utrecht,  Netherlands:  taken  by  the 
French,  18,  300 

Utrecht,  Congress  of  (1690),  gather- 
ing of  delegates  to  oppose  Louis 
XIV,   13,  244 

Utrecht,  Peace  of,  compact  concluded 
between     European     powers     after 


War  of  Spanish  Succession  (1713): 
provisions  of,  8,  401,  9,  224,  11,  463, 
13,    251,    18,    315,    20,    85,    107,    23, 
162;  transfer  of  Neuchatel  to  Prus- 
sia ratified  by  13,  497;   disregarded 
by  Spanish  settlers,  23,  77;  defects 
of,    163;    boundary    dispute    arising 
from,  167;  British  claims  and,  168 
Utrecht,  Union  of  (1579),  compact  to 
secure  Dutch  independence,  13,  133 
Utsunomiya,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  170 
Uvakhshatara :   see  Kyaxares 
Uxelles   (1652-1730),    French   general: 
president  of  the  colonial  council  of 
foreign  affairs,  9,  227 
Uxellodunum,   Gaul:   siege  of,  3,   308 
Uyesugi    Kagekatsu    (16th    century), 
Japanese     statesman:     member     of 
council  of  state,  7,  114;  at  battle  of 
Sekigahara,  123 
Uyesugi  Norizam  (15th  century),  Jap- 
anese   kwanryo:    crushes    revolt    of 
Ashikaga  Mochiuji,  7,  95 
Uyttenbogaert    (17th   century),   Neth- 
erlander   clergyman :     his    attempts 
for  peace  in  religious  quarrels,  13, 
198;  arrest  of,  201 
Uzziah,    King    of    Judah,    810-758    B. 
C:  reign  of,  1,  395 


Vaca,  Cabeza  de  (Alvarez  Nunez)  (d. 

1564),  Spanish  explorer:  his  gov- 
ernment of  the  La  Plata  provinces, 
21,  41;  wanderings  of,  23,  41 

Vacslav  (Wenceslaus  or  Wenzel) 
(1361-1419),  Holy  Roman  Emperor, 
1376-1419,  (King  of  Germany,  1378- 
1400,  VI,  King  of  Bohemia,  1363- 
1419):  account  of,  14,  33;  crowned 
king  of  Bohemia,  17,  117,  18,  194; 
reign  of,  18,  196;  creates  duchy  of 
Milan,  4,  219;  imprisoned  by  Sigis- 
mund,  18,  199;  death  of,  206 

Vacslav  (Wenceslas,  Wenzel),  Saint 
(907-935),  Prince  of  Bohemia:  sketch 
of,  17,  62 

Vacslav  (Wenceslas)  IV,  King  of  Bo- 
hemia, 1278-1305  (I,  King  of  Hun- 
gary, 1301-1305):  reigns  of,  17,  77, 
151;  marries  daughter  of  Rudolf  of 
.  Hapsburg,  18,  181;  supports  Albert 
I  of  Germany,  183 

Vacslav  (Wenceslas)  V,  King  of  Bo- 
hemia, 1305-1306:  reign  of,  17,  81 

Vacslav  VI,  King  of  Bohemia:  see 
Vacslav,  Holy  Roman  emperor 

Vacslav:  see  also  Wenceslaus 

Vadian,  Joachim:  see  Watt,  Joachim 
von 

Vadier,  Marc  Guillaume  (1736-1828), 
French  revolutionist:  arrest  and 
trial  of,  10,  333 

Vadimonian,  Lake:  battle  of,  3,  71 

Vadstena,  Diet  of,  a  Swedish  council 
convened  by  Gustavus  Vasa  (1526), 
16,  155 

Vaga,  Numidia,  Africa:  revolts 
against  Roman  rule,  3,  189 

Vaidyas,  Indian  medical  caste  (600- 
1000  A.  D.) :  rise  of,  5,  48 

Vaillant,  Frangois  le  (1753-1824),  Af- 
rican traveler  and  naturalist:  his 
work  in  Africa,  20,  130 


Val  de  Junquera,  Spain:  battle  of  (921 
A.  D.),  8,  135,  198 

Val  de  Presle,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
the  (1635),  9,  192 

Valaze,  Charles  Dufriche  (d.  1793), 
French  revolutionist:  death  of,  10, 
279 

Valdemar  (I)  the  Great,  King  of  Den- 
mark, 1157-1182:  his  struggle  for 
the  throne,  16,  80;  reign  of,  81;  his 
relations  with  Slesvig,  266 

Valdemar  (Waldemar)  (II)  Sejr  the 
Victorious,  King  of  Denmark,  1202- 
1241:  subdues  the  Slesvig  revolt,  16, 
84;  reign  of,  85;  aids  Svesker  Karls- 
son,  103;  taken  prisoner  by  Henry 
of  Schwerin,  18,  162;  his  relations 
to  Slesvig,  16,  266;  death  of,  90 

Valdemar  (III)  Atterdag,  King  of 
Denmark,  1340-1375:  his  relations 
with  Magnus  Smek,  16,  108;  reign 
of,  114;  defeated  by  Hanseatic 
League,  18,  195 

Valdemar,  King  of  Sweden,  1250- 
1275:  reign  of,  16,  103;  forced  to 
renounce  the  crown,  105 

Valdemar  (1208-1231),  Prince  of  Den- 
mark: taken  captive  by  Henry  of 
Schwerin,  16,  87;  death  of,  91 

Valdemar  (d.  1257),  Prince  of  Den- 
mark, Duke  of  Slesvig:  retains  his 
duchy,  16,  95,  266 

Valdemar  (d.  1318),  Prince  of  Swe- 
den: plots  of,  16,  106 

Valdemar  (late  12th  century),  Bishop 
of  Slesvig:  revolt  of,  16,  84 

Valdemar:  see  also  Waldemar 

Valdenama  (late  16th  century),  Span- 
ish official:  made  visitador  of  New 
Spain,  22,  119 

Valdez  (16th  century),  Spanish  com- 
mander in  the  Netherlands:  his 
campaign,    13,    118 


729 


730 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Valdez,  Manuel  (late  18th  century), 
Mexican  journalist:  publishes  the 
"  Gazette,"  23,  213 

Valdivia,  Pedro  de  (1500-1554),  Span- 
ish  soldier:   his  work   in   Chili,  31, 

25 

Valdonne,  Chevalier  de  (late  19th  cen- 
tury), French  statesman:  made  min- 
ister for  the  interior,  9,  459 

Valencay,  Treaty  of,  agreement  be- 
tween Napoleon,  Emperor  of  the 
French,  and  King  Ferdinand  of 
Spain   (1813),  9,  344 

Valencia,  South  America:  occupied  by 
the  revolutionists  (1821),  21,  73 

Valencia,  Spain:  siege  of  (1238),  8, 
242;  rises  against  the  nobles  and 
clergy,  344 

Valencia,  General  (19th  century), 
Mexican  soldier:  at  the  siege  of 
Mexico,  22,  344 

Valencia,  Padre  (16th  century),  Span- 
ish missionary:  preaches  in  Mexico, 
22,  67 

Valenciennes,  France:  sieges  of 
(1567),  13,  100;  (1677),  240;  taken 
by  the  allied  powers  (1793),  10,  271 

Valens  (328-378  A.  D.),  Roman  and 
Byzantine  Emperor:1  reign  of,  4, 
130;  assists  the  Goths,  18,  33;  re- 
ceives the  eastern  part  of  the  em- 
pire,  17,    15;   death   of,   4,    133,   18, 

34 

Valens,  Fabius  (d.  69  A.  D.),  Roman 
soldier:  supports  claims  of  Vitel- 
lius,  4,  71 

Valentine  (early  17th  century),  Eng- 
lish statesman:  takes  part  in  House 
disturbance,  11,  327;  fined  and  im- 
prisoned,  329 

Valentinian  I  (Flavius  Valentinianus) 
(321-375  A.  D.),  Roman  Emperor: 
reign  of,  4,  130;  his  relations  with 
the  barbarians,  17,  15 

Valentinian  II,  Roman  Emperor,  375- 
392  A.  D.:  associated  with  Gratian 
in  the  Empire,  4,  133;  reign  of,  18, 

34 
Valentinian     III     (Flavius     Placidius 
Valentinianus),     Roman     Emperor, 
425-455  A.  D.:  birth  of,  4,   146;  ac- 
cession of,  147;  reign  of,  9,   16 


Valenzuela,  Pedro  Jacinto  (late  18th 
century),  Mexican  official:  sketch 
of,  22,  223 

Valerian  (Publius  Aurelius  Licinius 
Valerianus)  (d.  ca.  269  A.  D.),  Ro- 
man Emperor,  253-260  A.  D.:  reign 
of,  4,  no;  captured  by  the  Persians, 
5,  317 

Valerian  Law,  Roman  law  regulating 
appeals  (509  B.  C.) :  passed,  3,  31 

Valerio-Horatian  Laws,  a  compromise 
between  the  Patricians  and  the  Ple- 
beians in  Rome  (449  B.  C.) :  account 
of,  3,  45 

Valerius,  Manius  (5th  century  B.  C), 
Roman  soldier:  dictator,  3,  40 

Valerius,  Marcus  (late  2nd  century  B. 
C.)>  Roman  praetor:  at  battle  of 
Nola,  3,  123 

Valerius,  Quintus  (1st  century  B.  C.)» 
Roman  military  commander:  cap- 
tures Sardinia,  3,  342 

Valerius  Maximus,  Marcus  (3rd  cen- 
tury B.  C.)»  Roman  military  com- 
mander: defeats  the  forces  of  Car- 
thage and  of  Syracuse,  3,  100 

Valero,  Texas:  founded  (1718),  22, 
189 

Val-es-dunes,  Normandy:  battle  of 
(1047),  11,  62 

Valian  (2nd-  century  A.  D.),  Persian 
advocate  of  Christianity:  leads  re- 
ligious revolt,  s,  318 

Vallablea-Swami  (early  16th  century), 
religious  teacher  of  the  Hindus:  ac- 
count of,  s,  86 

Vallandigham,  Clement  Laird  (1822- 
1871),  American  politician:  in  Dem- 
ocratic Convention,  24,  800;  arrested 
and  banished,  816;  defeated  for  gov- 
ernor of  Ohio,  817 

Valle,  Marques  del  (16th  century),  son 
of  Hernando  Cortez:  alleged  con- 
spiracy of,  22,  120 

Vallette,  John  de  la:  see  La  Vallette, 
John  de 

Valley  Forge,  Pennsylvania:  head- 
quarters for  American  army,  23, 
260 

Valmy,  France:  battle  of  (1792),  9, 
277,  10,  210,  18,  356 

Valnyev,  Count  (19th  century),  Rus- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


731 


sian  statesman:  becomes  minister  of 
the  interior,  15,  324 

Valognes,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  con- 
cluded between  John  of  France  and 
Charles  of  Navarre  (1355),  9,  96 

Valor,  Spain:  battle  of  (1569),  8,  370 

Valparaiso,  Chili:  battle  of  (1835),  21, 
217;  martial  law  declared  (1858), 
218;  blockaded  by  Spanish  fleet 
(1865),  221;  bombarded  (1866),  207, 
222;  battle  of  (1891),  239;  incident 
of  the  "Baltimore"  (1891),  21,  240, 
34,  978 

Valtelline,  Massacre  of  (1620),  13,  462 

Valverde,  Vincent  de  (16th  century), 
Spanish  priest:  accompanies  Pizar- 
ro,  ax,  18;  death  of,  27 

Varna,  Bulgaria:  battle  of  (1444),  17, 
158 

Van  Artavelde:  see  Artavelde,  van 

Van  Borselen,  Vrank:  see  Borselen, 
Vrank  van 

Van  Buren,  Martin  (1782-1862),  Amer- 
ican statesman,  President  of  the 
United  States,  1837-1841:  opposes 
internal  improvements,  33,  467;  aids 
Jackson,  475;  in  Jackson's  Cabinet, 
485;  Jackson  demands  his  nomina- 
.tion  for  President,  498;  Jackson's 
satisfaction  over  nomination  of,  509; 
elected,  510;  sketch  of,  511;  inaug- 
urated, 511;  views  on  government 
deposits,  513;  foreign  relations,  514; 
secures  independent  treasury,  514; 
characterized,  516;  renominated  for 
Presidency,  522;  refuses  to  annex 
Texas,  535;  proposed  as  candidate 
for  President  (1844),  536;  nomi- 
nated for  President  (1848),  558;  in- 
terest in  Panama  Canal  during  ad- 
ministration of,  1055 

Van  Cortlandt,  Colonel  (19th  cen- 
tury), officer  of  Rinjit  Singh:  trains 
the  Sikh  army,  5,  221 

Vancouver,  George  (ca.  1755-1798), 
English  navigator:  voyages  of,  20, 
129,  24,  541 

Vancouver  Island,  British  Columbia: 
joined  to  British  Columbia,  20,  170 

Vandals,  a  powerful  branch  of  the 
Germanic  race:  location  of,  18,  6; 
settle    in   the    Danube   country,    17, 


14;  sketch  of,  18,  31;  settle  in  north- 
ern Africa,  39;  sack  Rome,  3,  530, 
18,  43;  destruction  of,  18,  49 

Vandamme,  Dominique  Josephe  (1770- 
1830),  French  general:  in  the  Na- 
poleonic wars,  18,  383 

Vandenburg,  Adrien  (16th  century), 
Netherlander  boat  master:  aids  plot 
to  capture  Breda,  13,  156 

Van  den  Kolk,  Admiral:  see  Kolk, 
Admiral  van  den 

Vanderbilt,  Cornelius  (1794-1877), 
American  navigator:  stockholder  in 
Accessory  Transit  Company,  34, 
626;  Nicaragua  Canal,  1056 

Van  der  Does,  Admiral:  see  Does, 
Admiral  van  der 

Van  der  Duye,  John:  see  Dousa 

Van  der  Mersch,  Francis  (1734-1792), 
Belgian  soldier:  commands  patriot 
army  in  Belgium,  13,  261 

Van  der  Noot,  Hendrik  Nikolaas 
(1750-1827),  Belgian  revolutionist: 
leads  malcontents  in  Belgium,  13, 
260 

Vanderwerf  (16th  century),  Dutch 
burgomaster:  at  the  siege  of  Ley- 
den,  13,  118 

Van  de  Weyer,  Sylvanus  (1 802-1 874), 
Belgian  diplomat  and  lawyer:  mem- 
ber of  Belgian  provisional  govern- 
ment, 13,  297 

Van  Diemen's  Land,  island  and  Brit- 
ish colony  in  Australasia:  settlement 
of,  20,  132;  history  of,  188;  see  also 
Tasmania 

Van  Dorn,  Earl  (1820-1863),  Ameri- 
can soldier  in  Confederate  service: 
at  battle  of  Corinth,  24,  774;  attacks 
Holly  Springs,  775 

Vandyke,  Sir  Anthony  (1599-1641), 
Flemish  painter:  sketch  of,  13,  220 

Vane,  Sir  Henry  (or  Harry)  (1612- 
1662),  English  statesman:  governor 
of  Salem  Colony,  23,  90;  produces 
evidence  against  the  Earl  of  Straf- 
ford, 11,  338;  negotiates  treaty  be- 
tween England  and  Scotland,  347; 
introduces  a  reform  bill,  365 

Van  Eyck,  John:  see  John  of  Bruges 

Van  Hasselaar,  Catherine:  see  Has- 
selaar,  Catherine  van 


732 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Van  Ness,  William  P.  (ca.  1800), 
American  attorney:  preceptor  of 
Martin  Van  Buren,  23,  511 

Van  Rensselaer,  Stephen  (1 764-1 839), 
American  statesman  and  soldier: 
riots  on  estate  of,  23,  103;  estate 
of,  132;  defeated  at  Queenston,  421 

Vansittart,  Henry  (1 732-1 770),  Eng- 
lish agent  in  Bengal:  attempts  to 
compromise  with  Mir  Kasim,  5,  187 

Van  Straelen:  see  Straelen,  van 

Van  Twiller,  Wouter  (or  Walter)  (ca. 
1580-ca.  1646),  American  colonial 
officer:  governor  of  New  York,  23, 
103 

Van  Wert,  Isaac  (18th  century), 
American  patriot:  aids  in  capture 
of  Andre,  23,  277 

Varad,  Hungary:  taken  by  the  Mon- 
gols, 17,  58 

Varad,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
Hungary,  Austria,  and  the  Empire 
(1538),  17,  217  ^ 

Varangians  (Varingjar  or  Varings), 
Norse  warriors:  settle  in  Russia,  15, 
4,  16,  40 

Varas,  Count  of  (16th  century),  Span- 
ish soldier:  death  of,  13,  164 

Varberg,  Sweden:  siege  of  (1569),  16, 
162 

Varela,  Pedro  (19th  century),  Uru- 
guayan statesman:  his  administra- 
tion as  president  of  Uruguay  (1875- 
1876),  21,  146 

Varela,  Treaty  of,  treaty  concluded 
between  Sweden  and  Russia  (1790), 
15,  188 

Varennes:  see  Billaud 

Vargas  (16th  century),  Spanish  states- 
man: made  vice-president  of  the 
Council  of  Troubles,  13,  105 

Vargas,  Jose  (19th  century),  Venezue- 
lan statesman:  made  president  of 
Venezuela  (1835),  21,  95 

Varings  or  Varingjars:  see  Varan- 
gians 

Varinius,  Roman  pretor,  73  B.  C: 
campaign  against  the  gladiators,  3, 
261 

Varius  (Q.  Varius  Hydrida),  Roman 
tribune,  90  B.  C. :  proposes  a  com- 


mission to  investigate  Italian  con- 
spiracy, 3,  207 

Varna  (Warna),  Bulgaria:  siege  of 
(1444),  14,  65;  Russians  repulsed  at 
(1773),  336;  siege  of  (1828),  14,  427, 
15,  280 

Varro,  Marcus  Terentius,  Roman  con- 
sul, 216  B.  C:  elected  consul,  3,  120 

Varro,  Marcus  Terentius  (116-28  B. 
C),  Roman  antiquary,  grammarian, 
and  philosopher:  defeated  by  Cae- 
sar. 3,  34i>  8,  23;  flees  to  Mace- 
donia, 3,  343 

Vartan  (6th  century  A.  D.),  Persian 
patriot:  leads  religious  revolt,  5, 
3i8 

Varthema,  Ludovico  di  (16th  cen- 
tury), Italian  explorer:  visits  In- 
dia, 5,  142 

Varus,  Publius  Atius  (d.  45  B.  C), 
Roman  soldier:  defeated  (49  B.  C), 
3,  342 

Varus,  Publius  Quintilius:  see  Varus, 
Quintilius 

Varus  Quintilius  or  Quinctillius  (d.  9 
A.  D.),  Roman  soldier:  policy  of, 
18,  16;  defeat  of,  4,  44,  18,  18 

Vasa,  Erik  Johansson  (d.  1520),  father 
of  Gustavus  I  of  Sweden:  execution 
of,  16,  149 

Vasa,  Gustaf  Eriksson:  see  Gustavus 
(I)  Vasa 

Vasco  da  Gama:  see  Gama,  Vasco  da 

Vascones,  Gallic  tribe:  description  of, 
8,  8 

Vasilchikov,  Prince  (d.  1847),  Russian 
statesman:  his  relations  with  the 
tsar,  15,  267 

Vasili:  see  Vassili 

Vasog,  southeastern  Europe:  battle 
of,  14,  61 

Vassili  (Vasili)  III  (IV)  (Vasili  Ivan- 
ovitch),  Grand  Prince  of  Moscow, 
ISOS-I533:  reign  of,  15,  15;  contem- 
porary of  Suleiman  the  Great,  14, 
145;  frees  Moscow  from  Tartars, 
192 

Vassili  (Vasili)  IV  (V)  (Shuiski) 
(1552-1612),  Emperor  of  Russia:  his 
struggles  for  supremacy,  15,  18;  as- 
sumes the  throne,  20 


GENERAL    INDEX 


733 


Vassy,  France:  massacre  of  (1562),  9, 

153 

Vassy,  The  Butcher  of:  see  Guise, 
Frangois,  Duke  of 

Vasvar,  Peace  of,  treaty  between  Hun- 
gary and  Turkey  (1664),  17,  228 

Vasvary  (19th  century),  Hungarian 
orator:  takes  part  in  the  revolution 
of  1848  in  Hungary,  17,  368 

Vatinius,  Publius  (d.  ca.  43  B.  C.)i  Ro- 
man politician  and  soldier:  pro- 
poses to  give  the  governorship  of 
Cisalpine  Gaul  to  Caesar,  3,  289; 
trial  of,  319:  defeats  Octavius  (47 
B.  C),  355 

Vauban,  Sebastien  Le  Prestre  of 
(1633-1707),  French  soldier  and  mili- 
tary engineer:  his  campaign  in  Ger- 
many, 9,  217 

Vaublanc,  Vincent  Marie  Vienot, 
Count  of  (1756-1845),  French  politi- 
cian:, leads  deputation  to  the  king, 
10,  162;  made  minister  of  the  in- 
terior, 9,  367 

Vaubois,  Henri  Belgrand,  Count  of 
(1748-1839),  French  soldier:  his 
campaigns  under  the  directory,  9 
301 

Vaucelles,  Treaty  of,  treaty  concluded 
between  Spain  and  England  (1555), 
9,  147 

Vauchamps,  France:  battle  of  (1814) 
9,  346,  xo,  491 

Vaudreiul-Cavagnal,  Pierre  Frangois 
de  Riguad,  Marquis  de  (1698-1765), 
French  colonial  governor:  in  the 
French  and  Indian  war,  23,  176 

Vazquez  (19th  century),  Mexican  gen- 
eral: at  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo 
(1847),  22,  325 

Veda,  collective  term  for  the  ancient 
sacred  literature  of  the  Hindus: 
composed,  5,  25 

Vedel,  Anders  Sorenson  (16th  cen- 
tury), Scandinavian  historian: 
sketch  of,  16,  198 

Vega,  la  (19th  century),  Mexican  gen- 
eral: at  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo 
(1847),  23,  325 

Vehm,  The  Holy,  an  institution  of 
northern  Germany  in  the  15th 
century,  18,  230 


Veii,  city  of  ancient  Italy:  wars  with 

Rome,  3,  58 
Veintemila  (d.  1869),  South  American 

military  officer:  attempted  rebellion 

of,  31,  116 
Veintemilla     (19th     century),     South 

American    military    general:    holds 

the  power  in  Ecuador   (1876-1882), 

21,  244 
Vela,  Nunez   (16th  century),  Spanish 

statesman:   made   viceroy   of    Peru, 

21,  27 

Velasco,  Jose  Antonio  Manso  de  (ca. 
1695-ca.  1762),  Spanish  soldier  and 
administrator:      administrations      of 

22,  118 

Velasco,  Jose  Miguel  de  (1795-1859), 
Bolivian  general  and  politician: 
seizes  the  dictatorship  in  Bolivia, 
21,  186;  made  provisional  president 
of  Bolivia,  187;  arrested,  187;  recov- 
ers his  power,  188 

Velasco,  Luis  de,  Count  of  Santiago 
(ca.  1500-1564),  viceroy  of  Mexico: 
first  administration  of,  22,  116;  ca- 
reer of,   137;   second  administration 

of,  145 

Velasquez,  Diego  (ca.  1465-ca.  1523), 
Spanish  soldier  and  administrator: 
explorations  of,  22,  3;  plots  against 
Cortez,  63;  colonizes  Cuba,  447; 
death  of,  66 

Velasquez,  Rodrigo  (late  10th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  rebel:  encourages 
Mohammedans  to  invade  Leon,  8, 
138 

Velasquez  de  Leon,  Juan:  see  Leon, 
Juan  Velasquez  de 

Veli  Pasha  (18th  century),  Turkish 
soldier:  campaign  of,  15,  124 

Velia  (Hyeli),  a  locality  in  ancient 
Rome:  founded  by  Phocaeans,  2, 
125,  3,  28 

Velitrae  (Vellitri),  Italy:  conquered 
by  Rome,  3,  67 

Velleda  (Veleda)  (1st  century  A.  D.), 
German  prophetess:  prophesies  vic- 
tory of  Germans,  18,  23 

Vellitri:  see  Velitrae 

Vellore,  Mutiny  of,  uprising  of  the 
Sepoys  at  Vellore  (1806),  5,  204 

Venables  (17th  century),  English  mill' 


734 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


tary  officer:  his  campaign  in  Ire- 
land, 12,  125;  his  expedition  to  the 
West  Indies,  II,  370,  20,  71 

Venceslas:  see  Vacslav 

Vendee,  La,  department  of  France: 
insurrection  of,  10,  248;  pacification 
of,  374 

Vendome,  Francois  de,  Due  de  Beau- 
fort (1616-1669),  French  politician 
and  admiral:  conspires  against 
Richelieu,  9,  184;  commands  troops 
of  Conde  against  Anne  of  Austria, 
204;  his  campaign  against  the  pi- 
rates, 208 

Vendome,  Louis  Joseph,  Duke  of, 
Duke  of  Penthievre  (1654-1712), 
French  general:  his  campaign  in  the 
War  of  the  Spanish  Succession,  9, 
220,  11,  458 

Venegas,  Don  Francisco  (early  19th 
century),  viceroy  of  Mexico:  his  ad- 
ministration, 22,  235 

Venelin  (early  19th  century),  Malo- 
Russian  scholar:  his  work,  15,  288 

Venero  (16th  century),  Spanish  clerk: 
plots  death  of  William  of  Orange, 
13,  138 

Veneti,  Gallic  tribe  of  the  first  century 
B.  C. :  revolt  of,  9,  9;  Publius  Cras- 
sus  defeats,  3,  303;  sold  into  slavery, 

303 
Venetia,  Italy:  its  relation  to  Austria, 

17,  4 

Venetians,  Italian  tribe:  invade 
Greece,  2,  536,  538;  Morea  relin- 
quished to,  539;  severity  of,  towards 
Greeks,  540 

Venezuela,  South  America:  declared 
to  be  a  republic  (181 1),  21,  57;  re- 
covered by  the  royalists,  60;  liberat- 
ed, 61;  declared  a  republic  (1816), 
66;  united  with  New  Granada,  69; 
separated  from  Colombia,  84; 
formation  of,  84;  from  1829  to  1876, 
94;  from  1876  to  1906,  245 

Venezuelan  Boundary  Dispute,  dis- 
pute between  Venezuela  and  Great 
Britain  over  the  boundary  between 
Venezuela  and  British  Guiana 
(1840-1809):  account  of,  11,  639,  20, 
248,  21,  263,  24,  1000 


"Vengeance,"  French  frigate:  cap- 
tured, 23,  375 

Venice,  Italy,  called  the  City  of  St. 
Mark,  The  City  of  the  Seventy 
Isles,  The  Merchant  Queen  and  The 
Queen  of  the  Adriatic:  founded,  4, 
148,  18,  42;  sketch  of,  4,  177;  his- 
tory in  the  Middle  Ages,  4,  238; 
condition  of  the  Jews,  1,  418;  at  war 
with  Genoa,  14,  25;  makes  treaty 
with  Mohammed  I  of  Turkey,  54;  at 
war  with  the  Turks,  56,  60,  84,  113; 
Selim  II  breaks  treaty  with,  195; 
acquisition  of  territory,  4,  292;  at- 
tempted reformation  of  Sarpi,  314; 
struggles  of  (1508-1511),  18,  227; 
joins  the  Holy  League  (1511),  11, 
236;  concludes  alliance  with  the 
Swiss  Protestants  (1531),  13,  444! 
the  colonial  system  of,  20,  40;  at 
war  with  Turkey  (1570),  8,  355; 
peace  of  1573  negotiated,  14,  199; 
leader  in  commerce  with  the  East, 
23,  22;  her  commerce  ruined,  25;  de- 
cline of,  14,  211;  treaty  with  Tur- 
key, 269;  weakness  of,  285;  cedes 
the  Morea  to  Turkey  (1718),  4,  330, 
14,  291;  concludes  treaty  with  Aus- 
tria (1797),  17,  282;  overthrown 
(1797),  18,  360;  siege  of  (i797),  17, 
283;  surrender  to  Napoleon,  4,  344; 
part  of  Italian  kingdom,  390;  popu- 
lar uprising  in  (1848),  17,  367;  siege 
of  (1849),  18,  402 

Venice,  League  of,  union  of  Italian 
princes  to  drive  the  French  out  of 
Italy   (1495):  account  of,  4,  290 

Veniero  (Venerio),  Sebastiano  (d. 
!578),  Venetian  admiral:  leader  of 
expedition  against  Turks,  4,  310,  311 

Venlo,  the  Netherlands:  siege  of 
(1646),  13,  217 

Ventidius  Bassus,  Publius  (1st  cen- 
tury B.  C),  Roman  general:  cam- 
paign against  the  Parthians,  4,  19 

Ventura,  General  (early  19th  century), 
Italian  general  in  the  service  of  In- 
dia: trains  Sikh  army,  5,  221 

Venusia,  Italy:  established,  3,  73 

Vera  Cruz,  Mexico:  taken  by  Drake 
(i573)»    21,    30;    taken    by    pirates 


GENERAL    INDEX 


735 


(1683),  20,  68,  22,  178;  blockaded 
by  the  French,  22,  274;  the  cam- 
paign against  (1846),  302;  siege 
of  (1847),  22,  322,  23,  549;  taken  by 
patriots  (1867),  22,  398;  arrival  of 
European  vessels  to  sequestrate 
revenues  at,  24,  876 

Verazua,  Duke  of  (late  19th  cen- 
tury), Italian  nobleman:  at  the 
opening  of  the  World's  Fair,  24, 
1010 

Verazzano  (Verrazano),  Giovanni  da 
(early  16th  century),  Italian  explor- 
er in  the  service  of  England:  his 
voyage  to  America,  20,  49,  81 

Verbiest,  Pere  (17th  century),  Dutch 
missionary  in  China:  secures  the 
favor  of  the  emperor,  6,  62 

Verboczy,  Stephen  (15th  century), 
Hungarian  patriot  and  lawyer: 
sketch  of,  17,  167,  168;  leads  Hun- 
garian patriots,  216;  refuses  to  rec- 
ognize Ferdinand  of  Austria  as 
King  of  Hungary,  217 

Vercellae,  Italy:  battles  of  (218  B.  C), 
3,  116;  (101  B.  C)i  3,  195,  17,  lit 
18,  5 

Vercelli,  Treaty  of,  a  peace  between 
Charles  VIII  of  France  and  Louis 
the  Moor  (1495):  account  of,  9,  131 

Vercingetorix  (d.  ca.  45  B.  C),  Gallic 
chief:  made  King  of  the  Gauls,  3, 
306;  sketch  of,  307;  leads  rebellion 
against  Rome,  9,  10;  taken  prisoner 
by  Romans,  18,  12;  death  of,  3,  307 

Verden,  Germany:  massacre  at,  18,  82 

Verdun,  France:  sieges  of  (985  A.  D.), 
9,  59;  (1792),  9,  276,  10,  205,  18,  356 

Verdun,  Treaty  of,  a  peace  between 
Lothaire,  King  of  Italy,  and  his 
brothers  (843  A.  D.) :  account  of,  4, 
179,  9,  50,  13,  341,  18,  93 

Vere,  Sir  Francis  (1554-1608),  English 
military  officer:  at  the  battle  of 
Nieuport,  13,  174;  at  the  siege  of 
Ostend,  177 

Vere,  Sir  Horace,  Baron  Vere  of  Til- 
bury (1565-1635),  English  general: 
at  the  battle  of  Nieuport  (1600),  13, 
174;  his  campaign  in  the  Nether- 
lands, 13,  179;  his  campaign  in  the 
Palatinate,  11,  313,  13,  203 


Vere,  Robert  de,  Earl  of  Oxford  (late 
14th  century),  favorite  of  Richard 
II:  character  of,  II,  180;  condemned 
to  death,  181 

Verela,  Treaty  of,  peace  between 
Sweden  and  Russia  (1790):  account 
of,  16,  249 

Veremundo:  see  Bermudo 

Vereshchagin,  Vassili  Vassilivitch 
(1842-1904),  Russian  painter:  sketch 
of,  15,  227,  251;  death  of,  7,  307,  15, 
361 

Vergennes,  Charles  Gravier,  Count  of 
(1717-1787),  French  statesman  and 
diplomat:  made  minister  for  foreign 
affairs,  9,  253;  in  Stockholm,  16, 
229,  247;  promises  aid  to  Americans, 
23,  265;   suspicious  conduct  of,  287 

Verginius,  Lucius  (5th  century  B.  C), 
Roman  centurion:  slays  his  daugh- 
ter, 3,  45 

Vergniaud,  Pierre  Victurnien  (1759- 
1793),  French  orator  and  Girondist: 
his  picture  of  the  peril  in  which 
the  country  stood  in  the  middle  of 
1792,  10,  182;  leads  Girondist  party, 
9,  272;  attacked  by  Robespierre  and 
Marat,  10,  254;  accuses  the  Girond- 
ists of  conspiring  with  Dumouriez, 
260;  death  of,  279 

Verhaeren,  Emile  (1855 ),  Belgian 

poet:  sketch  of,  13,  312 

Verhoef,  Captain  (early  17th  century), 
Dutch  naval  commander  at  the  bat- 
tle of  the  Bay  of  Gibraltar,  13,  183 

Vermont,  one  of  the  United  States, 
means  "  Green  Mountain,"  called 
Green  Mountain  State:  origin,  23, 
95;  quarrel  between  New  York  and 
New  Hampshire  over,  312;  paper- 
currency  riots,  316;  disorders  in  col- 
ony, 321;  admitted  to  the  Union,  23, 
257,  24,  567;  experiments  with  a  sin- 
gle legislative  house,  10,  88  note; 
attitude  toward  War  of  1812,23,431; 
in  Hartford  Convention,  431;  free 
state,  452;  presidential  election 
of  1848,  24,  559;  abolition  of  slav- 
ery, 563;  election  of  1854,  645;  elec- 
tion of  1896,  1018;  election  of  1904, 
1072 

Vernacular  Press  Act,  a  bill  passed  by 


736 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


the  British  government  in  India  to 
restrict  criticism  by  the  native  jour- 
nals: passed  (1878),  5,  256;  repealed 
(1882),  260 

Verneuil,  France:  battle  of  (1424).  9> 
114,  11,  202,  12,  289 

Verneuil,  Henrietta  d'  Eutragues, 
Marquise  of  (early  17th  century), 
French  courtisan:  her  intrigues 
with  Henry  IV  of  France,  9,  172; 
her  arrest,  174 

Vernon,  Edward  (1684-1757),  English 
admiral,  called  Old  Grog:  captures 
Porto  Bello  and  Cartagena,  22,  194 

Verona,  Italy:  founded,  3,  58;  battles 
of  (249  A.  D.),  4,  109;  (312  A.  D.), 
118;  (403  A.  D.),  138;  (489  A.  D.), 
156;  conquered  by  Venice  (1404), 
250;  battle  of  (1799),  10,  403 

Verona,  Congress  of,  a  council  of  Eu- 
ropean sovereigns  (1822):  account 
of,  9,  379,  15,  266,  17,  323 

Verona,  Diet  of,  a  council  of  the  Aus- 
trian Empire  (1245):  account  of,  17, 

94 

Verrazano,  Giovanni  (1486-1527),  Ital- 
ian navigator:  searches  ior  the 
Northwest  Passage,  23,  46 

Verres,  Gaius  (112-42  B:  C),  Roman 
governor:  indicted  by  Cicero,  3, 
266;  governor  of  Sicily,  -389 

Verrua,  Italy:  siege  of,  4,  327 

Versailles,  Peace  of,  treaty  between 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States 
(1783):  account  of,  5,  194,  9,  257,  20, 
128,  23,  286 

Versailles,  Treaties  of,  secret  alliances 
between  France  and  Austria  (1756 
and  1757),  15,  144,  17,  243 

Versailles,  Treaty  of,  compact  be- 
tween France  and  the  United  States 
(1778):  account  of,  23,  267 

Verseghy  (late  18th  century)-,  Hun- 
garian poet:  account  of  literary 
work  of,  17,  333;  arouses  the  Hun- 
garian nation,  334 

Verus,  Caius  Commodus  (d.  138  A. 
D.),  Emperor  of  Rome,  ca.  135-138 
A.  D.:  associated  with  the  Emperor 
Hadrian,  4,  93 

Verus  Caesar,  Lucius  Aelius,  Roman 
Emperor,  161-169  A.  D. :  adopted  by 


Antoninus,  4,  93;  raised  to  the  pur- 
ple, 96;   death,  97 

Vervins,  Peace  of,  a  truce  between 
Philip  II  of  Spain  and  Henry  IV  of 
France  (1598):  account  of,  9,  171, 
13,  164,  17,  176 

Vespasian  (Titus  Flavius  Sabinus 
Vespasianus)  (9-79  A.  D.),  Roman 
Emperor,  69-79  A.  D.,  called  the 
Darling  of  Mankind:  his  campaigns 
in  the  East,  1,  410,  4,  78;  his  cam- 
paign in  Britain,  4,  59;  proclaimed 
imperator,  72;  reign  of,  81;  strength- 
ens the  Roman  forces  in  Austro- 
Hungarian  territory,  17,  12;  condi- 
tion of  Germany  under,  18,  23;  con- 
dition of  Spain  under,  8,  26,  28; 
death  of,  4,  82 

Vespucci,  Amerigo,  an  Italian  navi- 
gator, who  gave  his  name  to  the 
New  World:  was  born  at  Florence, 
March  9,  1451;  educated  by  his  un- 
cle, Giorgio  Antonio  Vespucci,  an 
eminent  scholar,  and  applied  himself 
especially  to  astronomy  and  cos- 
mography; in  his  early  life  was  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  pursuits;  in 
1490  removed  to  Spain,  where,  it  is 
said,  he  became  acquainted  with 
Columbus  in  1492;  Vespucci  was 
employed  as  a  merchant  at  Seville 
for  several  years;  accompanied  an 
expedition  which  Ojeda  conducted 
to  America  in  1499;  according  to  a 
letter  written  by  Vespucci  he  took 
part  in  an  expedition  sent  by  the 
King  of  Spain  in  1497  and  discov- 
ered new  islands  and  lands;  made 
four  voyages  to  the  New  World, 
but  he  had  not  chief  command  of 
any  one  of  these  expeditions;  the 
part  of  the  country  he  discovered 
was  near  the  equator;  entered  the 
service  of  the  King  of  Portugal  and 
sailed  in  1501  on  an  exploring  expe- 
dition to  Brazil;  on  his  return,  Sep- 
tember, 1502,  he  was  received  with 
great  honor  and  rejoicing  at  Lisbon; 
about  1505  he  returned  to  Spain; 
died  at  Seville,  February  22,  1512 

Accompanies  Ojeda,  21,  15;  gives 
his   name   to   the    New   World,    16; 


GENERAL    INDEX 


737 


first  to  call   America  a  new   world, 

23,  35 

Vessel,  Peder:  see  Tordenskiold,  Pe- 
der  Vessel 

Vesteraas,  Sweden:  battle  of  (1521), 
16,   153 

Vesteraas,  Diet  of  (1527),  16,  155 

Vesteraas  Recess,  Swedish  statute 
(1527),  16,  158 

Vesuvius,  mountain  in  Italy:  eruptions 
of  (79  A.  D.),  3,  524,  4,  83;  (1906), 
4,  406 

Veszprim  (Veszprem),  Hungary:  bat- 
tle of  (ca.  1000  A.  D.),  17,  47 

Veto,  Madame:  see  Marie  Antoinette, 
Queen  of  France 

Veto,  Monsieur:  see  Louis  XVI,  King 
of  France 

Veto  Act,  an  act  of  the  General  As- 
sembly of  Scotland  providing  that 
no  minister  should  be  placed  in  any 
parish  against  the  will  of  the  con- 
gregation (1834),  12,  373 

Vetranio  (4th  century  A.  D.),  Roman 
officer:  proclaimed   emperor,  4,   124 

Vetsera,  Marie,  Austrian  baroness: 
death  of  (1899),  17,  456 

Vettius,  Titus  (2nd  century  B.  C.)» 
Roman  knight:  leads  slave  revolt 
(104  B.  C.)f  3,  186 

Viazemski,  Prince  Alexander  (1727- 
1796),  Russian  soldier:  Catherine's 
advice  to,  15,   182 

Viazma,  Russia:  battle  of  (1812),  15, 
246 

Viborg,  Denmark:  battle  of  (1157), 
16,  80 

Viborg  Manifesto,  The,  issued  by  the 
outlawed  duma,  at  Viborg,  Finland 
(1906),  15,  367 

Vicalvaro,  Spain:  battle  of  (1854),  8, 
504 

Vice-President  of  the  Confederacy: 
term  of  office,  24,  695 

Vice-President  of  the  United  States: 
election  and  powers,  23,  333;  salary, 
346;  succeeds  to  office  of  President, 

24,  526 

Vicksburg,  Warren  County,  Missis- 
sippi: campaign  against,  24,  775; 
siege  of  (1863),  777;  turning  point  in 
Civil    War,    783;    election    battle    of 


1874,  872  note;  yellow  fever  epi- 
demic, 923 

Victor  II,  Pope,  1055-1057:  appointed 
by  Henry  III  of  Germany,  18,  130 

Victor  IV,  anti-Pope,  1159:  recognized 
by  Frederick  Barbarossa,  18,  151 

Victor,  Saint  (d.  303  A.  D.),  early 
Swiss  Christian:  martyred,  13,  334 

Victor,  Claude  Perrin,  Duke  of  Bel- 
luno  (1766-1841),  a  French  marshal: 
his  campaign  against  Russia,  15, 
249 

Victor  Amadeus  I  (1666-1732),  King 
of  Sardinia  (II,  Duke  of  Savoy) : 
reign  of,  4,  326;  at  war  with  the 
French,  9,  218;  forms  alliance  with 
French,  219;  forms  an  alliance  with 
Germany,  18,  312;  joins  the  allies 
against  Spain,  8,  407 

Victor  Amadeus  II  (1726-1796),  King 
of  Sardinia  (III,  Duke  of  Savoy): 
concludes  peace  with  Napoleon,  9, 
298 

Victor  Amadeus  I  (1617-1636),  Duke 
of  Savoy,  1630-1636:  reign  of,  4,319; 
at  war  with  France,  9,  187 

Victor  Amadeus  II  and  III,  Dukes  of 
Savoy:  see  Victor  Amadeus  I  and 
II,  Kings  of  Sardinia 

Victor  Asmodeus:  see  Victor  Ama- 
deus 

Victor  Emanuel  I,  King  of  Italy:  see 
Victor  Emmanuel  II,  King  of  Sar- 
dinia 

Victor  Emanuel  III  (1869 ),  King 

of  Italy,  1900 :  reign  of,  4,  397, 

405 
Victor  Emmanuel  I  (1759-1824),  King 
of  Sardinia,  1802-1821:  abdicates,  4, 

355 

Victor  Emmanuel  II  (1820-1878), 
King  of  Sardinia  (I,  King  of  Italy) : 
accession  to  Sardinian  throne,  4,  359, 
17,  373,  18,  402;  accession  to  Ital- 
ian throne,  4,  376;  accession  to 
throne  of  the  Two  Sicilies,  384; 
unites  all  Italy,  18,  405;  joins  allies 
against  Russia,  11,  617 

Victoria,  Africa:  founded,  19,  50; 
placed  under  British  protection, 
in;  ceded  to  Germany,  177;  battle 
of  (1893),  233 


738 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Victoria,    Australia:    named,   20,    189; 

ratifies  the  new  Constitution  (1899), 

206 
Victoria,    Hong-Kong:    founded,    20, 

255 

"Victoria,"  one  of  Magellan's  vessels: 
completes  the  circumnavigation  of 
the  world,  23,  37 

Victoria  (Alexandrina  Victoria), 
Queen  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
1837-1901,  and  Empress  of  India, 
1877-1901,  called  The  Mirror  of  Jus- 
tice: born  at  Kensington  Palace, 
May  24,  1819;  was  the  only  child 
of  Edward,  Duke  of  Kent  (son  of 
George  III)  and  Marie  Louisa  Vic- 
toria of  Saxe-Coburg,  who  was  a 
sister  of  Leopold  I  of  Belgium;  her 
education  was  directed  by  the  Duch- 
ess of  Northumberland;  she  re- 
ceived instructions  in  political  af- 
fairs and  principles  from  Lord  Mel- 
bourne; on  the  death  of  her  uncle, 
William  IV,  succeeded  to  the 
throne,  June  20,  1837,  and  was 
crowned  June  28,  1838;  on  February 
10,  1840,  she  was  married  to  Prince 
Albert  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha;  be- 
tween 1840  and  1843  three  attempts 
were  made  to  assassinate  her;  visited 
Louis  Philippe  in  France  in  1843, 
and  traveled  with  Prince  Albert  in 
Germany  in  1845;  after  the  death  of 
Prince  Albert,  December  14,  1861, 
she  lived  a  life  of  comparative  re- 
tirement; some  important  events  of 
succeeding  years  of  her  reign  were: 
the  passage  of  Disraeli's  Reform 
Bill  of  1867,  the  Gladstone  minis- 
try's great  measures,  including  the 
disestablishment  of  the  Irish  church 
(1868-1874),  the  passage  of  the  Irish 
Land  Acts,  the  Ballot  Act,  the  Ele- 
mentary Education  Act,  and  the 
abolition  of  purchase  in  the  army, 
the  ministry  of  Beaconsfield  (1874- 
1880),  during  which  the  Queen  was 
proclaimed  Empress  of  India  (Janu- 
ary 1,  1877)  and  the  Home  Rule 
movement  in  Ireland,  during  the 
premiership    of    Mr.    Gladstone;    in 


the  more  recent  years  of  her  reign 
occurred  several  minor  foreign  wars, 
as  in  Ashantee,  Afghanistan,  Zulu- 
land,  the  Transvaal,  and  Egypt,  and 
the  important  war  of  1900-1901  with 
the  Boer  Republics  in  South  Africa; 
this  war  and  the  considerable  loss 
of  life  among  the  British  troops  af- 
fected the  queen  seriously  and  her 
health  began  to  fail;  her  weakness 
increased  rapidly  in  the  early  days 
of  1901,  and  she  died  January  22, 
1901 

Reign  of  (1837-1901),  11,  595;  is- 
sues proclamation  of  neutrality  to- 
ward American  belligerents,  24,  723; 
visits  Napoleon  III,  9,  448;  pro- 
claimed Empress  of  India,  5,  254; 
death  of,  5,  287,  11,  641 

Victoria,  Guadalupe  (1789-1843), 
Mexican  soldier  and  politician:  hero- 
ism of,  22,  244;  in  hiding,  248;  joins 
revolt  of  Santa  Anna,  258;  made 
member  of  triumvirate,  258;  declared 
president  of  Mexico,  264 

Victoria  Land,  a  land  in  the  Antarctic 
regions:  discovered,  16,  333 

Victoria  Nyanza,  a  lake  in  Africa:  dis- 
covered, 19,  53 

Victorinus,  Marcus  Piavvonius  (d. 
268  A.  D.),  Roman  general:  con- 
version of,  4,  128 

Victory,  The  City  of:  see  Cairo, 
Egypt 

Victory,  The  Favored  Child  of:  see 
Massena,  Andre 

Victualing  (Vitalen)  Brotherhood, 
The,  society  of  Freebooters,  16,  122 

Vicuna,  Claudio,  Chilian  statesman: 
elected  president  of  Chili  by  the 
Balmacedists  (1891),  21,  239 

Vidal  (17th  century),  Brazilian  pa- 
triot: leads  rebellion  against  foreign 
rule  in  Brazil   (1654),  21,  33 

Vidal  (19th  century),  South  American 
general:  proclaims  himself  supreme 
head  of  Peru,  21,  196 

Vidal,  Francisco  A.  (19th  century), 
Uruguayan  statesman:  made  acting 
president  of  Uruguay,  21,  144;  made 
president  of  Uruguay,  258 


GENERAL    INDEX 


739 


Vidaure  (19th  century),  Peruvian 
statesman:  opposes  plans  of  Bolivar 
(1826),  21,  80 

Vieilleville,  de,  French  marshal;  op- 
poses persecution  of  Protestants  by 
Parlement  (i559)>  9,  *49 

Vieira,  Fernandez  (17th  century), 
Brazilian  patriot:  leads  rebellion 
against  foreign  rule  in  Brazil  (1654), 

M,  33 

Vienna  (Vindobona),  Austria-Hun- 
gary: as  a  fortified  town  of  the  Ro- 
man empire,  17,  12;  restored  by 
Henry  II  of  Austria,  91;  under  Leo- 
pold the  Proud,  93;  made  a  free  city, 
18,  164;  taken  by  Rudolf  of  Haps- 
burg  (1276),  17,  75,  18,  180;  revolt 
of  (1286),  17,  100;  placed  under  the 
ban  of  the  empire,  108;  besieged  by 
the  Magyars  (1485),  164;  surrender 
of,  demanded  (1490),  18,  219;  be- 
sieged by  the  Turks  (1529),  14,  152 

17,  179,  18,  250;  (1682),  14,  6,  248, 
15,  382,  17,  184,  230,  18,  303;  advent 
of  the  Jesuits  in,  17,  179;  Count 
Thurns  encamps  before  (1619),  18, 
269;  occupied  by  the  French  (1805), 
10,  464,  17,  293,  18,  367;  (1809),  17, 
298,  18,  377;  popular  uprising  in 
(1848),  17,  370,  18,  398;  siege  of 
(1848),  18,  401;  revolution  in  (1849), 
374;  taken  by  the  Prussians  (1866), 

18,  412;  internal  improvements  in, 
17,  414,  415 

Vienna,  Concordat  of  (1448),  18,  213 
Vienna,  Congress  of  (1814-1815),  re- 
constructing Europe  after  the  Na- 
poleonic wars:  account  of,  4,  350,  9, 
359,  11,  567,  15,  262,  386,  16,  258,  17, 
312,  18,  388;  Turkey  excluded  from, 
14,  410 
Vienna,   Council  of    (1312):   abolishes 

the  Knights  Templars,  8,  249 
Vienna,  Treaties  and  Peaces  of: 
1606.     Concluded        between        the 
Transylvanians   and   the   Magyars 
of   Upper    Hungary    on    one    side 
and   the   imperialists   of   Hungary 
on  the  other,  17,  224 
1731.     An     alliance     concluded     be- 
tween the  Emperor,  Great  Britain, 


and    Holland,    to    guarantee    the 

Pragmatic  Sanction,  13,  253 
1735-     A  preliminary  treaty  between 

France  and  Germany,  8,  410,  17, 

192,  18,  324 
1738.     Concluded    between    Charles 

VI  of  Germany  and  Louis  XV  of 

France,  15,  383 
1809.     Concluded  between  Napoleon 

I    of    France    and    Francis    II    of 

Germany,  9,  336,  10,  396,  17,  336, 

18,  377 

1814.  A  treaty  by  which  the  condi- 
tions of  the  Treaty  of  Abo  were 
carried  out,  16,  254 

1815.  Concluded  between  Denmark 
and  Prussia,  16,  267 

1864.  Concluded  between  Den- 
mark, Prussia,  and  Austria,  275 

Vienna,  University  of:  founded,  17, 
104 

Vienna  Note,  a  scheme  to  prevent 
war  between  Russia  and  Turkey 
(1853),  11,  614,  14,  450,  15,  305 

Vieyra,  John  Ferdinand  de  (17th  cen- 
tury), Brazilian  merchant  and  revo- 
lutionist: leads  Brazilian  revolt,  20, 
61 

Vieyra,  Martin  (15th  century),  Portu- 
guese chaplain:  treason  of  (1437),  8, 

307 
Vigee   (d.   1793),  Girondist  deputy  in 
the  French  Revolution:  death  of,  10, 

279 

Vigier,  Wilhelm,  Swiss  popular  states- 
man: work  of,  13,  564 

Vigilance  Committees,  in  United 
States  history,  associations  for  the 
protection  of  the  community  in 
times  of  danger:  agreed  upon  by 
first  Continental  Congress,  23,  224; 
recommended  by  the  Nashville  Con- 
vention, 611;  compared  in  the  South 
to  the  Ku-Klux-Klan,  871;  mails 
searched  by,  in  the  South,  24,  576; 
instituted  in  California,  597 

Vigilius  van  Zwychen  van  Ayta 
(1507-1577),  Dutch  jurist  and  states- 
man: sketch  of,  13,  76;  becomes 
Primate  of  the  Lowlands,  8i;  op- 
poses Alva's  taxation,  no 


740 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Vigo,  Spain:  battle  of  (1703),  9,  221 

Vijayanagar  (Uarsingha),  Kingdom 
of,  India:  account  of,  5,   105 

Vikings,  Scandinavian  tribe:  age  of, 
16,  12;  in  Northumbria,  16,  20;  in 
Russia,  22;  lay  siege  to  Paris,  23; 
in  Ireland,  43;  settle  Iceland,  44; 
see  also  Northmen 

Vikramaditya  Sakari,  King  of  Ojjain 
in  Malwa  in  India:  reign  of,  5,  73 

Vilas,   William    Freeman    (1840 ), 

American     statesman:     Postmaster- 
General,  24,  950  note 

Vilemov,  Truce  of,  a  peace  between 
Mathias  Corvinus,  on  the  part  of 
the  Pope,  and  the  Polish  nation 
(1468):  account  of,  17,  146 

Vilhelm,  Bishop  of  Roeskilde  (nth 
century),  Danish  ecclesiastic:  his 
relations  with  Svend  Estridsen,  16, 
68 

Villa  Rica  de  la  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico: 
founded,  22,  18 

Villadarias,  Francisco  de  Castilla, 
Marquis  of  (early  18th  century), 
Spanish  military  commander:  at- 
tempts to  defend  Cadiz,  8,  391 

Villafafia,  Antonio  (early  16th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  soldier  in  Mexico: 
conspires  against  Cortez,  22,  50 

Villafranca,  Italy:  battles  of  (1515), 
4,  294;  (1866),  390 

Villafranca,  Armistice  of,  peace  be- 
tween France  and  Austria  (1859): 
concluded,  4,  374,  9,  451,  17,  385 

Village,  The  Little:  see  London,  Eng- 
land 

Villagos,  southeastern  Europe:  Gorgei 
surrenders  at,  15,  302 

Villalba  (19th  century),  president  of 
Uruguay,   1865:  election  of,  21,   144 

Villalobos,  Pedro  de  (late  16th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  statesman:  member 
of  governing  audiencia,  22,  120 

Villalobos,  Ruy  Lopez  de  (16th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  explorer:  explora- 
tions of,  22,  109 

Villanueva  (late  16th  century),  Span- 
ish statesman:  appointed  to  the  gov- 
ernment of  Mexico,  22,  126 
Villaragut,   Dona   Carraza    (14th   cen- 
tury), Spanish  court-lady:  promotes 


the  follies  of  the  Aragonese  court, 

8,  258 

Villaret-Joyeuse,  Louis  Thomas, 
Count  (1750-1812),  French  naval 
officer:  at  battle  of  Belle-Isle,  9, 
294 

Villars,  Admiral  de  (late  16th  cen- 
tury), French  naval  officer:  his  cam- 
paign against  the  French,  13,  162 

Villars,  Claude  Louis  Hector,  Duke  of 
(1653-1734),  French  marshal:  his 
campaigns  in  the  War  of  the  Span- 
ish Succession,  9,  221,  18,  313,  323; 
president  of  the  council  of  war,  9, 
227;  member  of  the  king's  council, 
234;  his  campaign  in  Italy,  235 

Villars,  Pierre  de  (16th  century), 
Protestant  minister:  believed  to 
have  written  the  "  Apology "  of 
William  of  Orange,  13,  136 

Villaverdi  (contemporary),  Spanish 
statesman:  ministries  of,  8,  521 

Villaviciosa,  Portugal:  battles  of 
(1657),   8,  466;    (1664),   3795    (1710), 

9,  224,  13,  251 

Ville,  Ambrose  (16th  century),  French 
Calvinist:  preaches  Protestantism, 
13,  92 

Villegagnon,  island  off  the  coast  of 
Brazil:  settled,  21,  29 

Villegagnon,  Nicolas  Darand,  Cheva- 
lier (1510-1571),  French  admiral: 
attempts  to  make  a  settlement  in 
Brazil,  20,  82 

Villekens,  Admiral  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), Dutch  naval  officer:  his  ex- 
pedition against  Brazil,  21,  33 

Villele,  Count  Jean  Baptiste  Seraphin 
Joseph  de  (1773-1854),  French 
statesman:  admitted  to  the  council, 
9,  375;  made  minister  of  finance, 
378 

Villemain,  Abel  Francois  (1790-1870), 
French  critic,  orator,  and  minister 
of  state:  his  relations  to  the  resolu- 
tion of  1830,  9,  391;  opposes  the 
September  Laws,  408 

Villemoes,  Captain  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Danish  naval  commander:  at 
the  battle  of  Copenhagen,  16,  256 

Villeneuve,  France:  battle  of  (1814), 
9,  346 


GENERAL    INDEX 


741 


Villeneuve,  Nicholas,  Marquis  of  (early 
18th  century),  French  statesman: 
negotiations  of,   15,   123 

Villeneuve,  Pierre  Charles  Jean  Bap- 
tiste  Silvestre  .  de  (1 763-1 806), 
French  admiral:  commands  Toulon 
fleet,  9,  325 

Villeroi,  Frangois  de  Neufville,  Duke 
of  (1644-1730),  marshal  of  France: 
defeated  at  Ramillies,  16,  218;  taken 
prisoner  by  Eugene  of  Savoy,  9, 
220;  policy  of,  228 

Villeta,  South  America:  battle  of 
(1868),  31,  159 

Villiers  (late  18th  century),  French 
commander  in  America:  succeeds 
Jumonville,  23,  172 

Villiers,  Charles  (b.  1802),  English 
politician:  presents  bill  for  repeal  of 
Corn  Law,  II,  600;  introduces  a  reso- 
lution concerning  the  repeal  of  the 
Corn  Law,  610 

Villiers,  George,  Marquis  of  Bucking- 
ham: see  Buckingham,  George  Vil- 
liers, Marquis  of 

Villiers  de  Lisle,  Adam  Philippe  de 
(1464-1534),  Grand  Master  of  the 
Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem: 
surrenders  to  Suleiman,  14,  148 

Vilmanstrand,  Finland:  battle  of 
(1741),  16,  228 

Vilmanstrand:  see  Wilmanstrand 

Vilmergen,  Switzerland:  battles  of 
(1656),  13,  476;    (1712),  480 

Vilna:  see  Wilna 

Vimeiro  (Vimiera),  Portugal:  battle 
of  (1808),  8,  486,  9,  333,  11,  562 

Vine,  France:  battle  of  (717  A.  D.), 
9,  36 

Vincennes,  Indiana:  in  French  claims, 
23,  168 

Vincennes,    Chateau    of,    France:    at- 
tacked by  mob,   10,   129 
Vindelici,    inhabitants    of    Vindelicia: 

conquered  by  the  Romans,  17,  12 
Vindex,    Caius  Julius    (d.   68   A.    D.), 
Roman    general:    conspires    against 
Nero,  4,  67 
Vindex,    Macrinus     (2nd    century    A. 
D.),  Roman  legate:  defeated  by  the 
barbarians   (170  A.  D.),   17,   14 
Vindobona:  see  Vienna 


Vinea,  Peter  de  (ca.  1 190-1249),  Ital- 
ian jurist  and  statesman:  treachery 
of,  18,  166 

Vinegar  Hill,  Ireland:  battle  of 
(1798),  12,  212 

Vinland  (Vinland  the  Good),  sup- 
posed to  be  a  portion  of  America: 
the  discovery  of,   16,  49 

Viol,  Hans  (early  15th  century), 
Swiss  poet:  sketch  of,  13,  427 

Violante,  queen  of  Juan  I  of  Aragon, 
1387-1395:  conduct  of,  8,  258 

Violated  Treaty,  City  of  the:  see 
Limerick,  Ireland 

Violet,  Corporal:  see  Napoleon.  (I) 
Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the  French 

Violet,  Father:  see  Napoleon  (I) 
Bonaparte,  Emperor  of  the  French 

Violet  Crown,  City  of  the:  see  Athens, 
Greece 

Vionville,  France:  battle  of  (1870),  9, 
464 

Virasoro  (d.  1868),  South  American 
statesman:  assassinated,  21,  129 

Viret,  Peter  (1511-1571),  Swiss  re- 
former: teaches  in  the  University  of 
Lausanne,  13,  448 

"  Virgen  de  Covadonga,"  Spanish  gun- 
boat: captured  by  the  "  Esmeralda," 
21,  221 

Virgil  (Publius  Virgilius  Maro)  (70- 
19  B.  C),  Roman  poet:  anachron- 
isms of,  2,  31;  his  description  of  Car- 
thage, 20,  21 

Virgin,  The,  mother  of  Christ:  mi- 
raculous appearance  to  Mexicans, 
24,  552 

Virginia,  colony  and  state  of  the 
United  States,  called  the  Old  Do- 
minion State  and  the  Mother  of 
States:  colony  planted  (1607),  23, 
56;  liberties  insured  by  the  first 
charter,  56;  growth  of,  II,  313;  con- 
dition of  Jews  in,  1,  426;  named,  23, 
53;  colonial  government  of,  56,  115; 
slave  uprising  (1687),  129;  status  of 
indented  servants,  131;  tobacco  in- 
dustry, 136;  educational  methods  as 
a  colony,  141;  population  at  begin- 
ning of  the  Revolution,  126;  print- 
ing press  introduced  (1729),  143; 
colonial   newspapers,    144;   franchise 


742 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


denied  Catholics,  148;  colonial  suf- 
frage laws,  148;  Church  of  England 
established,  149;  religious  persecu- 
tions, 149;  clergy  made  subject  to 
laws,  150;  salary  of  clergy  paid  with 
tobacco,  150;  postal  system  estab- 
lished, 153;  Cohabitation  Act,  155; 
territory  of,  granted  to  colonization 
companies,  170;  opposition  to 
Stamp  Act,  21 1;  opposes  the  Town- 
shend  law,  216;  appointment  of  a 
committee  of  correspondence,  218; 
proposes  first  Continental  Congress, 
222;  adopts  a  constitution,  238;  pro- 
poses a  declaration  of  independence, 
239;  cedes  to  United  States  her 
claims  to  western  lands,  302;  gives 
up  claims  to  Northwest  Territory, 
317;  commissioners  appointed  to 
decide  Potomac  commercial  policy, 
321;  chooses  delegates  for  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  322;  ratification 
of  the  national  Constitution,  337; 
opposes  financial  schemes  of  Hamil- 
ton, 349;  rank  as  to  population,  479; 
opposes  R.  M.  Johnson's  nomina- 
tion, 510;  Declaration  of  Rights,  24, 
564;  slavery  regarded  with  disfavor, 
564;  slavery  conditions  in,  20,  75; 
abolition  societies  formed,  24,  571; 
slave  uprising  in  Southampton 
County,  575;  John  Brown  plans 
raids  from,  673;  Presidential  election 
of  i860,  683;  Confederates  seize 
Norfolk  navy  yard,  692;  calls  a  com- 
promise convention,  702;  gathering 
of  Confederate  troops,  716;  secedes, 
717;  Arlington  Heights  and  Alex- 
andria taken  by  Federals,  731; 
Grant's  plan  for  campaign  in,  787; 
sword  presented  to  Lee  by  legisla- 
ture of,  812;  Booth  shot,  826;  re- 
construction policy  of  Lincoln,  833; 
under  military  rule,  847;  readmitted, 
848;  in  Presidential  election  (1868), 
860;  readmitted  to  representation, 
863;  Democrats  regain  control  in, 
873;   negro  franchise,  873 

Virginia,  University  of:  founded  by 
Jefferson,  383 

Virginia     Dynasty,     name     popularly 


given  to  the  earlier  presidents  of 
the  United  States,  23,   434 

Virginia  Gazette,  the  first  newspaper 
printed  in  the  United  States  (1736): 
founded,  23,    144 

Virginia  Military  Institute,  school  at 
Lexington,  Virginia:  Jackson  re- 
signs from  faculty  of,  24,  772 

Virginia  Plan,  the  outline  of  a  consti- 
tution proposed  by  Governor  Ran- 
dolph of  Virginia,  23,  325 

Virginius  (1st  century  A.  D.),  Roman 
officer:  conspires  against  Nero,  4, 
67 

"  Virginius,"  American  merchant  ves- 
sel: captured  by  the  Spanish,  24, 
887 

Viriathus  (2nd  century  A.  D.),  Span- 
ish hero:  leads  revolt,  3,  161,  8,  19; 
death,  3,  162 

Virieu,  Frangois  Henri,  Count  de 
(1754-1793),  French  officer:  pleads 
for  the  constitution,  10,  59;  pro- 
poses abolition  of  law  protecting 
doves  and  pigeons,  74;  given  com- 
mand of  the  insurrectionists  at  Ly- 
ons, 269 

Virtue,  League  of  (Tugenbund),  a  pa- 
triotic association  in  Germany 
(1809):  description  of,  18,  376,  379 

Visby:  see  Wisby 

Viscaino,  Sebastian  (late  16th  cen- 
tury), Spanish  military  commander: 
explorations  of,  22,  140 

Vischer,  Colonel  (early  19th  century), 
Swiss  military  officer:  at  the  battle 
of  Pratteln,   13,  541 

Visconti,  House  of,  Ghibelline  family 
in  Italy:  power  of,  4,  217,  218 

Visconti,  Galleazzo  (1277-1328):  Duke 
of  Milan:  assisted  by  Lewis  of 
Bavaria,  18,   187 

Visconti  the  Great,  Matteo  (1250- 
1322),  Italian  statesman:  becomes 
chief  of  Milan,  4,  217 

Viseu,  Portugal:  sieges  of  (1027),  8, 
139,  272;  (1057),  142,  272 

Vishnu-worship,  an  East  Indian  cult: 
description  of,  5,  82 

Visigoths,  the  westerly  division  of  the 
Goths:  location  of,  17,  14;  attacked 


GENERAL    INDEX 


743 


by  the  Huns,  15;  drive  back  Huns, 
16;  their  relations  with  Clovis,  18, 
47;  see  also  Goths 

Visin  (Vizin,  Wisin,  Von-Vezin), 
Denis  Ivanovitch  (1745-1792),  Rus- 
sian dramatist:  account  of,  15,  193 

Visp,    Switzerland:    battle    of    (1388), 

13,  392 

Vitelli,  Ciapino  (d.  1576),  Italian  gen- 
eral: at  the  siege  of  Mons,  13,   113 

Vitellius,  Aulus  (1569  A.  D.),  Roman 
soldier,  Emperor  of  Rome,  69  A.  D.: 
accession  of,  4,  71;  death  of,  74 

Vitiges,  King  of  the  Ostrogoths,  536- 
540  A.  D.:  reign  of,  4,  159,  9,  25,  18, 

49 

Vitimer  (4th  century  A.  D.),  King  of 
the  Ostrogoths:  defeated  by  the 
Huns,  18,  33 

Vitold,  Prince  (early  15th  century), 
Grand  Duke  of  Lithuania:  offered 
the  crown  of  Poland,  17,  131 

Vitovt,  Alexander  (late  14th  century), 
Grand  Duke  of  Lithuania:  his  rule 
in  Lithuania,  15,  379 

Vittoria,  Spain:  battle  of  (1813),  8, 
486,  488,  9,  344 

Vivanco,  Colonel  (early  19th  century), 
South  American  patriot:  rebellion 
of,  21,  196;  supports  the  claims  of 
Vidal,  196;  sketch  of,  197;  made 
president  of  Peru,  197;  defeated  by 
Castille,  199;  his  negotiations  with 
Spain,  205 

Vizarron  y  Eguiarreta,  Juan  Antonio 
de,  Archbishop  of  Mexico,  viceroy 
of  New  Spain,  1734-1740:  his  admin- 
istration, 22,  194 

Vladimir  (I)  the  Great  or  Saint, 
(late  10th  century),  Grand  Prince 
of  Russia:  promotes  Christianity, 
15,  8 

Vladimir  (II)  Monomachus,  Grand 
Prince  of  Russia,  1113-1125:  reign 
of,  15,  8 

Vladimiresco  (d.  1821),  Prince  of  Wal- 
lacia:  pretensions  of,  15,  266 

Vladislav  (I)  Jagiello,  King  of  Po- 
land, 1354-1433:  marries  Hedwiga, 
x5,  375;  accession  of,  376;  supports 
Witold  of  Lithuania,   18,  208 


Vladislav  VI,  King  of  Poland,  1434- 
1444,  King  of  Hungary,  1440-1444: 
account  of,  14,  61,  62;  reign  of,  15, 
379;  resists  breaking  of  treaty,  14, 
65;  slain  at  Varna,  14,  67,  17,  158 

Vladislav  (Ladislaus)  VII,  King  of 
Poland,  1632-1648:  on  the  Muscovite 
throne,  15,  81;  reign  of,  380 

Vladislav  Jagellon  (15th  century),  son 
of  Vladislav  II,  King  of  Poland: 
promised  the  crown  of  Bohemia,  17, 
136;  death  of,  139 

Vladislav  or  Vladislaus:  see  also  Lad- 
islaus 

Vladivostok,  Manchuria:  Russian 
stronghold,  6,  310 

Vladivoz  (10th  century),  Polish 
prince,  ruler  of  Bohemia:  reign  of, 
17,  64 

Voadicea:  see  Boadicea 

Vocel  (early  19th  century),  Slav  pa- 
triotic poet:  sketch  of,  17,  343 

Vodnik  (early  19th  century),  Illyrian 
poet:  praises  Napoleon,  17,  301 

Voelkersam,  Admiral  (contemporary), 
Russian  naval  officer:  his  services 
in  the  Russo-Japanese  War,  7,  314 

Vogelinseck,  Switzerland:  battle  of 
(1403),  13,  390 

Vbgg,  legendary  Norse  hero:  avenges 
death  of  Rolf  Krake,  16,  18 

Vohsen,  Herr  (late  19th  century), 
German  official:  in  German  East 
Africa,  19,  140 

Voinarovski,  Cossack  leader:  influ- 
ences Mazeppa,  15,  47 

Vojtech:  see  Adalbert,  St. 

Volaterrae,  Italy:  siege  of  (ca.  82-80 
B.  C),  3,  228 

Volhynia,  Russia:  added  to  Russia, 
15,  192 

Volinski,  Artemii  (d.  1733),  Russian 
statesman:  in  the  war  with  Persia, 
15,  78;  his  library,  86;  death  of,  no 

Volkov,  Theodore  (1729-1763),  Rus- 
sian dramatist:  opens  a  theater,  15, 
149 

Volney,  Constantin  Frangois,  Count 
(1757-1820),  French  philosopher, 
author  and  traveler:  his  prediction 
for  Turkey,  14,  373 


744 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Volscians  (Volsci),  Italian  tribe:  wars 
with  Rome,  3,  22;  conquered  by  the 
Romans,  63 

Volso,  Lucius  Manlius  (3rd  century 
B.  G),  Roman  consul,  256  B.  C: 
joins  invasion  of  Africa,  3,  101 

Volta  of  Como>  Alessandro  (1745- 
1827),  Italian  electrician:  sketch  of, 

4,  339 
Voltaire     (Frangois    Marie    Arouet), 

French  philosopher  and  scholar, 
called  The  Dictator  of  Letters,  The 
Patriarch  or  Philosopher  of  Ferney, 
The  Apostle  of  Infidelity  and  The 
Great  Pan:  born  in  Paris,  Febru- 
ary 20,  1694,  or  November  21,  1694; 
his  education  was  received  at  the 
Jesuit  college,  Louis-le-Grand;  at 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  left  college 
and  at  his  father's  wish  began  the 
study  of  law,  though  he  had  no  taste 
for  it;  his  wit  and  facility  in  turn- 
ing verses  made  him  a  favorite  in 
the  houses  of  great  lords,  but  also 
brought  him  into  trouble  with  the 
authorities;  some  scandalous  lines 
on  the  regent  led  to  his  banishment 
from  Paris  in  May,  1716,  and  just  a 
year  later,  for  a  satire  that  really 
was  not  his,  was  sent  to  the  Bastile; 
during  his  eleven  months'  confine- 
ment he  laid  the  foundations  of  his 
poetic  fame;  the  relations  he  culti- 
vated with  the  nobility  exposed  him 
to  a  rude  insult  from  the  Chevalier 
de  Rohan,  who  had  him  beaten  and 
thrown  into  the  Bastile  when  he 
showed  himself  revengeful;  he  was 
set  free  only  on  condition  that  he 
retire  to  England  (1726);  the  three 
years  spent  there  and  the  acquaint- 
ance they  gave  him  with  English 
literature,  institutions,  philosophy, 
and  life  were  of  the  utmost  impor- 
tance for  the  development  of  his 
ideas  and  criticisms;  he  returned  to 
France,  1729,  and  after  three  years 
of  almost  continual  movement,  but 
great  productivity,  he  settled  down 
to  a  quiet  and  industrious  life  at 
Cirey  with  Mme.  du  Chatelet,  where 
he  remained  until  her  death  in  1749; 


in  these  years  he  was  interested  in 
the  study  of  the  natural  sciences;  he 
had  already  established  relations  by 
correspondence  with  Frederick  II 
of  Prussia  and  in  1750  accepted  his 
invitation  to  live  at  his  court,  but 
rivalries  and  jealousies,  his  own  du- 
plicity and  petulance  and  the  King's 
steady  mastery  filled  his  stay  in 
Berlin  with  irritations  and  quarrels; 
he  fled  in  anger  in  1753;  after  some 
years  of  wandering  he  purchased  an 
estate  at  Ferney,  near  Geneva, 
where  the  rest  of  his  life  centered; 
in  these  years  Ferney  became  the 
resort  of  literary  men  from  all  part's 
of  Europe  and  the  "  patriarch  of 
Ferney  "  was  the  foremost  man-of- 
letters  of  the  world;  died  in  Paris, 
May  30,  1778;  the  Revolution  gave 
him  the  honor  of  public  burial  in  the 
Pantheon 

Anticipates  the  French  Revolu- 
tion, 16, 112;  his  relations  with  Fred- 
erick the  Great,  18,  328,  345;  sketch 
of,  10,  13;  in  Switzerland,  13,  489; 
incites  Swiss  reforms,  500;  his 
account  of  Charles  XII  of  Sweden, 
15,  66;  Catherine's  correspondence 
with,  197;  his  account  of  Peter  Ill's 
death,  198;  his  estimate  of  Charles 
XII  of  Sweden,  16,  224;  his  esti- 
mate of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire, 
18,  297;  quoted,  23,   172 

Volunteer  Movement,  name  given  to 
the  forming  of  military  companies 
among  the  Irish  Protestants  (1778): 
account  of,  12,  182 

Vonck,  Francis  (1735-1792),  a  Flem- 
ish jurist:  leads  republican  move- 
ment in  Brussels,   13,  261 

Vondel,  Joost  van  den  (1587-1679), 
Dutch  poet:  sketch  of,  13,  220 

Vop  River,  Russia:  battle  of  the 
(1812),   15,   248 

Vordingborg,  Peace  of,  a  truce  be- 
tween Erik  of  Denmark  and  Adolf 
of  Holstein  (1435):  account  of,  16, 
127 

Vorontsov,  Count  Michael  Ilariono- 
vitch  (1710-1767),  Russian  states- 
man in  the  conspiracy  to  place  Eliz- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


745 


abeth  on  the  throne,  15,  133;  made 
minister,  136;  Frederick's  gifts  to, 
141;  made  chancellor,  148;  plots  for 
Catherine,  156 

Vorontsov,  Prince  Michael  Semeno- 
vitch  (1782-1856),  Russian  general 
and  statesman:  made  governor  of 
the  Caucasus,  15,  299 

Vorstius,  Conrad  (early  17th  century), 
religious  leader  in  Holland:  leads 
Remonstrants,  13,  194 

Vortigern  (5th  century  A.  D.),  British 
chieftain:  invites  Jutes  to  Britain, 
11,  17;  defeated  by  Jutes,   18 


Voszice,  Treaty  of,  an  agreement 
among  the  Catholic  and  Protestant 
states    of    Austria-Hungary    (1425), 

17,  133 

Vougle,  France:  battle  of  (507  A.  D.), 
9,  20 

Voznitsin  (late  17th  century),  Russian 
statesman:  ambassador  to  western 
Europe,  15,  33 

Vratislav  II,  King  of  Bohemia,  1061- 
1092:  reign  of,  17,  64 

Vysocki  (19th  century),  Hungarian 
officer:  in  the  Hungarian  insurrec- 
tion, 15,  302 


w 


Wachtendenck,  Netherlands:  taken  by- 
Prince   Maurice,   13,   172 

Wadai,  a  Mohammedan  kingdom  of 
the  eastern  Sudan,  Africa:  descrip- 
tion of,  19,  164;  recognized  as  with- 
in the  French  sphere  of  influence, 
19,  167,  20,  280 

Waddington,  Joshua  (late  18th  cen- 
tury), a  Tory  merchant:  sued  by 
Elizabeth  Rutgers,  23,  309 

Waddington,  William  Henry  (1826- 
1894),  a  French  statesman  and  arch- 
aeologist: at  Berlin  Congress,  14,  487 

Wade  (18th  century),  an  English  gen- 
eral: his  campaign  in  Scotland,  12, 
365 

Wade,  Benjamin  Franklin  (1800-1878), 
an  American  lawyer  and  statesman: 
signs  address  against  Douglas,  24, 
633;  opposed  to  Lincoln,  838;  popu- 
larity of,  855;  in  San  Domingo  com- 
mission, 880 

Wade,  James  F.  (1843 ),  an  Ameri- 
can general:  member  of  Spanish- 
American  Commission,  22,  463 

Wade,  Sir  Thomas  (19th  century),  an 
English  diplomat:  sent  to  negotiate 
preliminary  convention,  6,  177;  on 
the  Tientsin  massacre,  224;  ar- 
ranges difficulty  between  China  and 
Japan,  235;  on  the  murder  of  Mar- 
gary,  240;  hauls  down  his  flag,  241 

Wade-Davis  Bilk  a  measure  for  the 
reconstruction  of  the  Southern 
States  (1864):  passed,  24,  837 

Wadenswil,  Switzerland:  insurrection 
of  (1646),  13,  469 

Wadenswil,  Steffan  von  (19th  cen- 
tury), a  Swiss  patriot:  at  the  As- 
sembly of  Uster,  13,  535 

Wadstrom  (Wadstroem),  Carl  Berns 
(1746-1799),  a  Swedish  philan- 
thropist: leads  settlement  of  Swedes 
in  Africa,  20,  130 


Wadsworth,  Captain  (late  17th  cen- 
tury), an  American  soldier:  story  of 
rebuff  of  Fletcher,  23,  93 

Wafangao  Pass:  see  Feng-Shui  Pass 

Wagner,  Sebastian  (16th  century),  a 
Swiss  reformer:  reforms  of,  13,  439 

Wagram,  Austria:  battle  of  (1809),  9, 
336,  10,  480,  17,  299,  18,  377 

Wahab,  Abdul  (1691-1787),  Arabian 
religious  leader:  founds  the  sect  of 
the  Wahabites,  14,  317 

Wahabites  (Wahabees  or  Wahabis), 
the  followers  of  Abdul  Wahab,  a 
Mohammedan  reformer:  rise  of,  14, 
317;  ascendency  in  Arabia,  365,  385; 
conquered  by  Mohammed  AH,  1,  38, 
14,  408 

Waiblinger:  see  Ghibbeline 

Waifar  (ca.  725-768),  Duke  of  Aqui- 
taine:  reign  of,  9,  41 

Waitangi,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  by 
which  New  Zealand  recognized 
British  sovereignty  (1840),  20,  211 

Waite,  Morrison  Remick  (1816-1888), 
an  American  jurist:  counsel  in  Ge- 
neva Commission,  24,  885 

Waizen,  Austria-Hungary:  taken  by 
the  Mongols  (1235),  17,  58 

Wajid  Ali  (Wajeed  Alee)  (d.  1887), 
King  of  Oudh,  1842-1856:  deposed, 
5,  230 

Wakefield,  Yorkshire,  England:  bat- 
tle of,  11,  212 

Wakefield,  Edward  Gibbon  (1796- 
1862),  an  English  political  econo- 
mist: colony  system  of,  20,  190 

Wake-no-Kyomaro  (8th  century),  a 
Japanese  courtier:  opposes  influence 
of  Dokyo,  7,  36 

Wala-jah:  see  Mohammed  Ali 

Waldeck,  Georg  Friedrich,  Prince  of 
(1620-1692),  a  German  field-marshal: 
his  campaign  against  the  French,  9, 
217 


746 


GENERAL    INDEX 


747 


Waldemar,  The  False  (14th  century), 
a  pretender  to  margravate  of  Bran- 
denburg: pretensions  of,  18,  192 
Waldemar:  see  also  Valdemar 
Waldenses  (Waldensians),  a  body  of 
Christian  reformers,  followers  of 
Peter    Waldo:    persecutions    of,    4, 

317,  9,  144 

Waldhauser,  Conrad  (d.  ca.  1368),  a 
German  reformer:  teachings  of,  17, 
119 

Waldmann,  Hans  (Johann)  (ca.  1426- 
1490),  a  Swiss  magistrate:  at  the 
siege  of  Nancy,  13,  409;  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Morat,  409;  sketch  of,  413; 
death  of,  415 

Waldseemiiller  (Waltzeemuller),  Mar- 
tin (1470-ca.  1513),  a  German  geog- 
rapher: first  calls  the  New  World 
America,  23,  35 

Waldshut,  Baden,  Germany:  siege  of 
(1468),  13,  404; 

Waldshut,  Peace  of,  a  treaty  between 
Austria  and  the  Swiss  Confederacy 
(1468),  13,  404 

Waldstein:  see  Wallenstein 

Wales,  a  titular  principality  of  Great 
Britain,  now  a  part  of  the  United 
.Kingdom:  Harold  reduces,  11,  64; 
revolt  of,  192 

Wales,  Albert  Victor,  Prince  of:  see 
Albert  Victor,  Prince  of  Wales 

Wales,  George  Frederick,  Prince  of: 
see  George  Frederick  Ernest  Al- 
bert, Prince  of  Wales 

Wales,  Statute  of,  laws  enacted  for 
Wales  by  Edward  II  (1284),  11,  144 

Walewski,  Count  Alexandre  Florian 
Joseph  Colonna  (1810-1868),  a 
French  politician,  diplomat,  and  au- 
thor: at  the  Congress  of  Paris 
(1856),  17,  384 

Walfish  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  on  the  coast  of  Africa: 
sketch  of,  20,  259;  claimed  by  the 
Dutch,  19,  38;  annexed  to  the  Cape, 
82,  106;  value  of,  94 

Walid,  Mohammedan  caliph,  705-715: 
reign  of,  1,  329;  death,  318 

Walker,  George  (1618-1690),  an  Irish 
clergyman:  leader  of  the  defense  of 
Derry,  12,  135 


Walker,  Sir  Hovenden  (ca.  1656-1728), 
an  English  naval  officer:  sent  to 
conquer  Canada,  23,  161 

Walker,  John  Grimes   (1835 ),  an 

American  naval  officer:  member  of 
Panama    Commission,    20,    333,    24, 

1057 

Walker,  Leroy  Pope  (d.  1884), 
American  statesman:  Confederate 
Secretary  of  War,  24,  694 

Walker,  Obadiah  (1616-1692),  an  Eng- 
lish author  and  teacher:  professes 
Catholicism,  11,  424 

Walker,  Robert  James  (1801-1869),  an 
American  statesman  and  financier: 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  24,  554; 
governor  of  Kansas,  662;  denounces 
Lecompton  constitution,  662;  re- 
signs, 663 

Walker,  William  (1 824-1 860),  an 
American  filibuster:  his  filibustering 
attempts  in  Nicaragua,  22,  439,  24, 
626;  president  of  Nicaragua,  627; 
second  attempt  to  establish  repub- 
lic, 627;  third  attempt,  627 

Wall,     Edward     C.     (1843 ),     an 

American  politician:  in  Democratic 
Presidential  nomination,  24,   1065 

Wallace,  Lew  (1 827-1905),  an  Ameri- 
can general,  diplomat,  and  author: 
at  siege  of  Fort  Donelson,  24,  744; 
at  battle  of  Pittsburg  Landing,  747; 
defeated  by  Early,  792 

Wallace,  William,  a  Scottish  patriot 
and  national  hero,  called  the  Ham- 
mer and  Scourge  of  the  English: 
born  about  1270;  son  of  Sir  Malcolm 
Wallace  of  Ellerslie,  in  Renfrew- 
shire; while  attending  school  at 
Dundee,  he  killed  the  son  of  the 
English  governor  of  Dundee  Castle 
in  revenge  for  an  insult  received 
and  was  compelled  to  take  refuge 
among  the  mountains;  having  gath- 
ered around  him  a  band  of  devoted 
followers  he  carried  on  for  several 
years  a  successful  partisan  warfare 
against  the  English  forces;  after 
the  capture  of  the  garrisons  of  Aber- 
deen, Forfar,  and  other  towns,  he 
was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Dun- 
dee; gained  a  signal  victory  at  Stir- 


748 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


ling  Bridge  (1297)  and,  entering 
England,  ravaged  the  northern  part 
of  the  country;  was  soon  after  de- 
feated with  great  loss  near  Falkirk 
by  the  English,  led  by  Edward  I  in 
person,  1298;  the  office  of  guardian 
of  the  kingdom  which  he  had  held 
for  a  short  time  was  now  taken 
from  him  and  after  several  years 
spent  in  border  warfare  he  was  be- 
trayed into  the  hands  of  the  Eng- 
lish, condemned  a  traitor,  and  exe- 
cuted, August  23,  1305 

Revolts  against  England,  II,  150, 
275;  defeated  at  Falkirk,  150;  death 
of,  ia,  276 

Wallace  of  Switzerland,  The:  see 
Hofer,  Andreas 

Wallachia,  a  division  of  Roumania: 
occupied  by  the  Dacians,  17,  11;  in- 
vaded by  the  Slavs,  19;  menaced  by 
Murad,  14,  30;  conquered  by  the 
Turks,  14,  37,  17,  155;  under  the 
rule  of  the  Turks,  17,  162;  given  to 
Hungary,  14,  63;  revolts  under 
Murad  of  Turkey,  204;  seeks  peace 
with  Turkey,  208;  relation  to  Tur- 
key, 365 

Wallenstein  (Waldstein),  Albrecht 
Wenzel  Eusebius  von,  Count  of  and 
Duke  of  Mecklenburg,  Friedland, 
and  Sagan,  a  German  general:  born 
at  the  castle  of  Hermanic,  in  Bo- 
hemia, September  24,  1583;  was  a 
son  of  Wilhelm,  Baron  von  Wald- 
stein; after  the  death  of  his  par- 
ents, who  were  Protestants,  he  was 
sent  to  the  Jesuit  College  at  Olmutz 
and  was  converted  into  a  Roman 
Catholic;  also  studied  several  sci- 
ences and  languages;  about  1606  he 
fought  against  the  Turks  at  the 
siege  of  Geau;  he  married  a  rich 
widow  in  1610,  and  at  her  death  in 
1614,  inherited  a  large  estate;  raised 
a  troop  of  horse  in  1617;  fought 
with  distinction  for  the  Austrian 
archduke,  Ferdinand,  against  the  Ve- 
netians; in  1619,  at  the  beginning  of 
the  Thirty  Years'  War,  he  joined 
the  Imperial  Army  and  was  appoint- 
ed    quartermaster-general;    he    de- 


feated Bethlen  Gabor,  in  Hungary, 
in  1621,  and  was  created  Duke  of 
Friedland  and  a  prince  of  the  Holy 
Empire  in  1624;  in  1625  he  raised, 
at  his  own  expense,  a  large  army, 
which  he  resolved  to  support  by  pil- 
lage and  exactions  from  the  enemy; 
he  defeated  Count  Mansfeld  in 
1626  and  invaded  Denmark;  for  his 
services  the  emperor  gave  Wallen- 
stein the  duchy  of  Mecklenburg  in 
1628,  and  added  the  title  of  admiral; 
was  dismissed  from  command,  1630, 
at  the  same  time  that  Gustavus 
Adolphus  entered  Germany  to  fight 
for  the  Protestant  cause;  Ferdinand 
implored  the  aid  of  Wallenstein  as 
the  only  man  who  was  able  to  save 
the  empire;  consented  to  serve  him 
again  and  displayed  great  skill  in 
defense  of  the  lines  near  Nurem- 
berg in  1632;  in  November,  1632,  he 
was  defeated  by  Gustavus  Adol- 
phus at  the  great  battle  of  Lutzen; 
afterwards  gained  victories  in  Si- 
lesia, but  refused  to  march  to  the 
relief  of  Bavaria;  in  January,  1634, 
was  deprived  of  his  command  and 
secret  orders  were  given  to  arrest 
or  assassinate  him;  attempted  to  se- 
cure himself  by  negotiations  with 
the  Swedes,  but  his  overtures  were 
rejected  and  he  retired  to  the  castle 
of  Eger  or  Egra,  where  he  was 
assassinated,   February  25,  1634 

Sketch  of,  17,  210,  18,  274,  278, 
282;  his  campaigns  in  the  Thirty 
Years'  War,  9,  190,  16,  180,  201;  as- 
sassinated, 17,  211,  18,  287 

Wallia,  King  of  the  Visigoths,  415- 
419  A.  D.:  rules  the  Gothic  king- 
dom, 4,  146,  8,  36;  his  campaign 
against  the  Vandals,  18,  39 

Wallingford,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  be- 
tween Stephen  and  Prince  Henry 
o»f  England  (1153),  n,  96 

Wallo  (early  9th  century),  a  Scandina- 
vian abbot:  introduces  Anscarius  to 
the  emperor,  16,  26 

Walloons,  a  people  found  in  Belgium 
and  the  neighboring  parts  of  France: 
description  of,  13,  3 


GENERAL    INDEX 


749 


Walloons,  Huguenot  settlers  in 
America  from  Artois,  France:  settle 
along  the  Delaware,  and  the  Con- 
necticut and  on  Long  Island,  23, 
102 

Walpole,  Horace  (1717-1797),  an  Eng- 
lish author:  quoted  on  Washing- 
ton's military  capacity,  23,  250 

Walpole,  Sir  Robert  (1676-1745),  Earl 
of  Oxford,  an  English  statesman, 
called  the  Grand  Corrupter  and 
Bluestring  Robin:  opposes  George 
I  of  England,  11,  471;  career  of, 
474;  ministry  of,  16,  226 

Walsham,  Sir  John  (19th  century), 
English  diplomat:  minister  in 
China  (1891),  6,  262 

Walter,  Hubert  (d.  1205),  archbishop 
of  Canterbury:  his  administration 
as  Justiciar,  IX,  114;  his  death,  11, 
122 

Walter,  John  (d.  1492),  an  Irish  pa- 
triot: death  of,  12,  73 

Walter  de  Brienne  (d.  1356),  titular 
Duke  of  Athens:  given  military 
command  in  Florence,  4,  229 

Walter  the  Penniless  (d.  1097),  a 
French  knight:  leads  the  Crusaders, 
9,  70 

Walter  von  der  Vogelweide  (ca.  1170- 
ca.  1230),  a  German  minnesinger: 
sketch  of,  17,  97,  18,  178 

Walter  von  Eschenbach  (early  14th 
century) :  plots  against  Albert  I  of 
Austria,    13,   364 

Waltheof  (d.  1076),  Earl  of  Northum- 
bria:  beheaded,  11,  78 

Waltzeemiiller:  see  Waldseemuller 

Wamba  (7th  century),  King  of  the 
Goths:  reign  of,  8,  45 

Wampum  Belts,  belts  made  by  the 
American  Indians:  used  to  record 
treaties,  23,   12 

Wanborough  (Wodnesbeorh),  an 
English  town:  battle  of  (ca.  585  A. 
D.),  ii,  25 

Wandewash,  a  town  in  southern 
India:  battle  of  (1760),  5,  180,  11, 
502,  20,  119 

Wang  Chao  (late  19th  century),  a 
Chinese  social  reformer:  proposes 
radical  reforms,  6,  291 


Wang  Wen  Shao,  a  contemporary 
Chinese  statesman:  in  Boxer  move- 
ment, 6,  302 

Wani  (3rd  century),  a  Chinese 
scholar:  introduces  Chinese  learn- 
ing into  Japan,  7,  13 

Wanli  (Wan-Lee),  Emperor  of  China, 
1572-1619:  reign  of,  6,  38,  42 

Wapenaer  (early  18th  century),  a 
Dutch  admiral:  in  the  war  with 
France,  13,  250 

War,  Department  of,  a  department  of 
the  United  States  government:  or- 
ganized,  23,   344 

War  of  Clubs  (Klubbekriget),  a  rebel- 
lion of  the  Finnish  peasantry 
(1594),  16,   170 

War  of  1812,  a  war  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain: 
causes,  11,  566,  23,  414;  "Little 
Belt "  captured  by  the  "  President," 
23,  416;  hostilities  declared,  417; 
failure  of  land  operations,  420;  naval 
victories,  422;  success  of  land  opera- 
tions, 424;  capture  of  Washington, 
426;  defense  of  New  Orleans,  429; 
Treaty  of  Ghent,  429;  cost  of  war, 
430;  political  results,  433;  military 
results,  433;  compared  to  the  Revo- 
lution, 435;  economic  results,  435 

War  of  1643-1645,  a  war  between 
Sweden  and  Denmark:  cause,  16, 
201;  naval  battle  of  Femern,  202 
note;  treaty  of  Bromsebro,  201 

War  of  Spanish  Succession:  see  Suc- 
cession, War  of  Spanish 

War  of  the  Palatinate  (King  William's 
War),  a  war  between  England  and 
France  (1689-1697):  cause,  23,  157; 
spreads  to  colonies,  157;  Indian 
Massacres,  158;  attack  on  Quebec, 
158;  Treaty  of  Ryswick,  159 

War  of  the  Three  Henries,  a  civil 
war  in  France  (1584-1593):  cause,  9, 
161;  battle  of  Courtras,  162;  Edict  of 
Union,  163;  assassination  of  Duke 
of  Guise,  164;  death  of  Henry  III, 
165;  battle  of  Ivry,  167;  battle  of 
Aumale,  168;  battle  of  Fontaine- 
Franqaise,  170;  Edict  of  Nantes,  171 

Waratho  (7th  century),  Prankish  rul- 
er: reign  of,  9,  35 


750 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Warbeck,  Perkin  (d.  1499),  a  pretender 
to  the  English  crown:  insurrection 
of,  II,  227,  12,  73,  298;  execution 
of,  11,  229 

Ward,  Artemas  (1 727-1 800),  an 
American  general  and  politician: 
appointed  major-general,  23,  231; 
at  siege  of  Boston,  231 

Ward,  Frederick  Townsend  (1831- 
1862),  an  American  adventurer: 
enters  the  service  of  China,  6,  195; 
commands  ever  victorious  army, 
196;  death  of,  198 

Wardlaw,  Henry  (early  15th  century), 
a  Scottish  bishop:  founds  university 
at  St.  Andrews,  12,  290 

Warenne  or  Warrenne,  John  de,  Earl 
of  Surrey:  see  Surrey,  John  de  War- 
renne, Earl  of 

Warfare  and  Military  Methods: 

ARABIA:  after  Mohammed,  I,  260 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  among  the 
early  Slavs,  17,  26,  42;  plan  of  de- 
fense (16th  century),  14,  155 
CHINA:  artillery  first  used  (1634), 
6,  49;  plan  of  defense,  173;  in  1900, 
283 

EGYPT:  the  Mamelukes  (1200),  1, 
36,  14,  128,  409 

ENGLAND:  the  early  Britons,  II, 
20,  54;  Norman  vs.  English  methods, 
II,  66,  12,  47;  new  methods  (1300), 
II,  150;  plan  of  attack,  12,  146,  151; 
at  Cre<jy,  II,  161;  naval  tactics  of 
the  16th  century,  296;  in  the  17th 
century,  353 

FRANCE:     cannon    first     used    at 
Creqy    (1346),   9,   94,    «»    161;    Na- 
poleon's tactics,  10,  383,  470,  495 
GAUL:  before  it  became  a  Roman 
province,  3,  298 

GERMANY:  in  early  times,  18,  4; 
in  the  16th  century,  229;  army  un- 
der Frederick  William,  321;  present 
military  system,  428 
GREECE:  Athenian  naval  tactics, 
2,  274;  Spartan  plan  of  siege,  288; 
Athenian  peltasts,  402;  Theban  tac- 
tics, 433;  Alexander's  forces,  496; 
use  of  Greek  fire,  1,  332,  14,  76;  the 
Klephts  (1800),  14,  412;  modern 
navy,  2,  550 


HOLLAND:  "fire-ships"  intro- 
duced, 13,  148 

IRELAND:  in  pagan  times,  12,  20; 
(ca.  1000  A.  D.),  47,  48 
ITALY:  method  of  attack  in  the 
Middle  Ages,  4,  208;  in  the  14th 
century,  251;  introduction  of  gun- 
powder, 255;  siege  of  Antwerp,  13, 

147 

JAPAN:  reorganization,  7,  51,  147; 
fire-arms     introduced     (1545),     104; 
present  system,  176,  306 
MEXICO:  armed  allies  of  Cortez, 
22,  44,  45,  51 

PARTHIAN  EMPIRE:  in  the  1st 
century  B.  C,  3,  323 
PERSIA:  forces  of  Xerxes,  2,  181 
ROME:   300   B.   C,   3,   78;   the   re- 
forms    of     Marius,     196;     Caesar's 
troops,  334,  374 

RUSSIA:  the  strelitz  (1682),  15, 
26;   the  army  of  the   18th   century, 

"3 

SCANDINAVIA:  reforms  of  1901, 
16,  281 

SCOTLAND:  under  Wallace,  12, 
276 

SICILY:  Syracusan  plan  of  defense, 
2,  336 

SPAIN:  under  the  Goths,  8,  55; 
naval  tactics  of  the  16th  century, 
11,  296 

TURKEY:  standing  army  (1326), 
14,  19,  22,  94;  the  Janissaries 
(1326),  20,  93,  239,  371,  417;  plan  of 
attack  (15th  century),  59,  73,  79, 
176;  in  the  18th  century,  342,  371, 
379;  modern  methods  adopted,  440 
UNITED  STATES:  among  the 
Indians,  23,  15;  naval  attack  in 
colonial  days,  195;  naval  tactics 
O783),  290;  gun-boat  system  under 
Jefferson,  409;  in  the  Mexican  War, 
22,  349,  363;  Union  and  Confeder- 
ate resources,  24,  724;  introduction 
of  the  iron-clad  (1862),  754;  Grant's 
plan  of  siege,  791;  the  new  navy, 
1008 
Warner,  Thomas  (early  17th  century), 
an  English  colonist  in  the  West 
Indies:  makes  settlement  on  St. 
Christopher,  20,  68 


GENERAL    INDEX 


751 


Warren,  Sir  Charles  (1840 ),  a  Brit- 
ish military  officer:  his  conquests 
in  South  Africa,  19,  82;  success 
of    his    mission    to     Bechuanaland, 

21S 
Warren,  Sir  John  Borlase  (1754-1822), 
a  British  naval  commander:  at  bat- 
tle of  Lough  Swilly,  12,  214 
Warren,  Joseph,  an  American  general 
and  patriot:  born  at  Roxbury,  Mas- 
sachusetts, June  11,  1741;  graduated 
at  Harvard  College,  1759;  studied 
medicine  and  began  to  practice  at 
Boston,  1762;  delivered  in  1772,  and 
again  in  1775,  the  civic  oration  on 
the  anniversary  of  the  Boston 
Massacre,  was  a  member  of  the 
provincial  committee  of  correspond- 
ence in  1772,  chairman  of  the  con- 
mittee  of  public  safety,  1774,  and  in 
1775.  president  of  the  provincial 
congress;  was  efficient  in  organiz- 
ing the  volunteers  after  the  battle 
of  Lexington;  was  chosen  a  major- 
general  by  the  provincial  congress, 
June  14,  1775,  and  took  an  active 
part  as  a  volunteer,  declining  the 
command  at  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill,  at  which  he  was  killed,  June 
I7>  1775.  falling  near  the  spot  where 
Bunker  Hill  monument  now  stands 
Appointed  to  wait  on  governor  of 
Massachusetts,  23,  225;  head  of 
committee  of  safety,  225;  death,  233 
Warren,  Sir  Peter  (1703-1752),  an 
J  Irish  admiral:  in  Louisburg  expedi- 
''    tion,   23,   165 

Warrior  of  Freedom,  The:  see  Gari- 
baldi, Giuseppe 
Wars: 
(    B.  C. 

,    ca.   1580.     Expulsion   of  the  Hykos 
from  Egypt,  1,  21 
ca.   1400.     Religious  War  in  Egypt, 

1,  24,  25 
ca.  1400.     Wars  of  Israel,  1,  373 
ca.   1320.     Egyptian  War  in  Nubia, 

I,  25 
1300.     Egyptian  War  with  Hittites, 

1,  26 
ca.    1230.     Egyptian   War   with    Li- 
byans, 1,  27 


1193-1184.    Trojan,  2,  31 
1055-1015.     Philistine  wars,  1,  377 
753-     Volscians  with  Rome,  3,  22 
753.     Sabines  with  Rome,  3,  22 
753-509.     Aequi  with  Rome,  3,  22 
743-669.     Messenian,  2,  71,  237,  470 
ca.  700.     Lelantine  war,  2,  115 
670-525.     Egyptians  with  Assyrians, 

I,  30 
ca.  666-525.     Greco-Egyptian,    1,   32 
ca.  645.     Second  Messinian,  2,  74 
ca.    600.     Athens    with    Megara,    2, 

102 
588.     Egypt  with  Tyre  and   Sidon, 

1,  399 

549.     Media-Babylon,  2,   123 
525.     Egyptian-Persian,  1,  32,  33 
510-508.     Athens    with    Cleomenes, 

2,  141 

508.     Thebes  with  Athens,  2,  143 
508.     Boeotia  with  Athenians,  2,  143 
ca.  505.     Sparta  with  Argos,  2,  156 
500-264.     Rome    with    Carthage,    3, 

89 
495-382.     Latin  wars  with  neighbor- 
ing tribes,  3,  63 
492.     Chalcis  with  Athens,  2,  163 
490.     Persian-Athenian,  1,  166 
490.     Corinth  with  Athens,  2,  173 
ca.  487.     Athens  with  Aegineta,  2, 

173 
478-465.     Tarentum  with  Iapygians, 

2,  220 
458.     Epidaurus  with  Athens,  2,  240 
458.     Corinth    with    Athens,    2,    240 
458.     Athens  with  Boeotia,  2,  243 
457.     Thebes  with  Athens,  2,  244 
457.     Phocis  with  Sparta,  2,  244 
454.     Thebes  with  Athens,  2,  245 
454.     Sparta  with  Athens,  2,  247 
447.     Athens  with  Sparta,  2,  248 
435-433-     Corinth   with    Corcyra,   2, 

265,  269 
433.     Epidamnus  civil  war,  2,  264 
431-404.     Peloponnesian  wars,  2,  274 
427.     Syracuse  with   Catana,   2,  299 
427-424.     Naxos  in  Sicily  with  Syra- 
cuse, 2,  299 
426-406.     Veii  with  Rome,  3,  58 
426.     Ambracia  with  Athens,  2,  300 
425.     Athens  with  Sicily,  2,  301,  408 
420.     Athens  with  Sparta,  2,  321 


752 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Wars,  cont. 

410.     Syracuse    with     Carthage,     2, 

408 
405.     Carthaginian    War   with    Dio- 

nysius,  2,  412 
399.     Orchomenian-Theban,    2,    397 
399.     Locrian-Phocian,  2,  397 
397.     Eleian-Arcadian,  2,  446 
395.     Corinth  with  Sparta,  2,  398 
384-358.     Tusculum   with    Rome,   3, 

64 
383.     Lanuvium  with  Rome,  3,  64 
382-380.     Praeneste    with    Rome,   3, 

64 
381.     Tusculum  with  Rome,  3,  64 
370.     Elis  with  Sparta,  2,  440 
365-357.     Athenian   Social,  2,  454 
362.     Sparta  with  Messene,  2,  451 
361-353.     Sparta    with    Megalopolis 

2,  453* 

352-350.     Euboean  wars,  2,  464,  474 
344.     Macedonian  Civil,  2,  470 
338.     Greco-Macedonian,  2,  475 
338-336.  Tarentum-Lucanian,  2,  418 
328-321.     Samnite  War,  3,  69 
299-290.     Samnite  War,  3,  72. 
289.     Carthage  with  Syracuse,  2,  515 
280-268.     Roman  war  with  Pyrrhus, 

3,  74 

264-241.     First  Punic  War,  3,  99 
241.     Rome  with  Falerii,  3,  109 
218-202.     Second  Punic  war,  3,   111 
217-205.     First  Macedonian  war,  3, 

125 
200-197.     Second    Macedonian    war, 

3,  140 
192-190.     War    with    Antiochus,    3, 

144 
192-168.     Roman  War  in  the  East, 

3,  143 
185-179.     Third     Macedonian     War, 

3,  147 
172-168.     Fourth    Macedonian    war, 

3,  149 
155-110.     Roman  War  with  Celts,  3, 

192 
152-87.     Roman  war  with  the  Cim- 

bri,  3,  194 
149.     Carthage  with  Rome,  3,  164 
146.     Greco-Roman,  2,  521 
146.     Achaean   League  declares  war 

against  Sparta,  3,  166 


146.     Mithridates  with  Rome,  2,  521 
139.     Numantia  with  Rome,  3,  162 
134-133.     Roman   civil   war    against 

the  Gracchi,  3,  176 
1 12-104.     Jugurthine,  3,  187 
90.     Roman  Social,  3,  208,  215 
88-84.     Mithradatic,  3,  213 
73-67.     Gladiatorial  war,  3,  261 
71-61.     Sequani-Haedui,  3,  300 
70-63.     Civil  war  between  Aristobu- 

lus    II,    King   of   Judaea,   and   his 

brother,  3,  274 
67-66.     Roman  in  East,  3,  271 
66-63.     Pompeius    and    Mithradates, 

3,  273 
58-51.     Caesar   in   Gaul,  3,   292,  332 
49-46.     Roman  Civil,  3,  334 
32-31.     Egyptian-Roman,   4,   24 
A.  D. 
67-135.     Jewish-Roman,  1,  410,  413, 

3,  524 
476-529.     Justinian    with    Persia,    2, 

532 
710-1492.     Saracen-Moslem,   1,   292- 

370 
933-1005.     Arabian-Persian,  1,  365 
960.     Greek  wars,  1,  367 
977-1001.     Hindu-Mohammedan,    5, 

91 
1073.     Investitures,  9,  69 
1095-1099.     First  Crusade,  9,  70,  11, 

87,  16,  75,  18,  138 
1 1 19.     Wars  with  Pisa,  4,  236 
1147-1149.     Second  Crusade,  18,  145 
1189-1192.     Third    Crusade,    18,    155 
1202-1204.     Fourth  Crusade,  2,  535, 

16,  85 
1205-1461.     Turkish  wars  with  Per- 
sia, 2,  537 
1208-1215.     Albigenses,  9,  77 
1224.     Kildare,  12,  57 
1228-1229.     Fifth  Crusade,  18,  161 
1281-1282.     Mongol,   7,   76 
1282-1305.     French  War  with  James 

of  Aragon,  4,  258 
1337-1453-     Hundred    Years,    9,    92, 

ix,  157 
1352-1379.     Italian  wars,  4,  253 
1409-1492.     Civil      in      Naples     and 

Florence,  4,  269 
1412.     Slesvig-Holstein,  16,  124 
1419-1436.     Hussite,   18,   201 


GENERAL    INDEX 


753 


Wars,  cont. 

I43S-I4SO.     Neapolitan  war,  4,  263 
1455-1485.     The  Roses,  9,  123,  11, 

211,  12,   70 

1498.     Suabian,  13,  394 
1500-1506.     Guelders,  13,  52 
1514-1524.     India     with     Persia,     5, 

341 
1559-     France  with  Spain,  4,  307 
1560.     War  with  Venice,  4,  309 
1562-1569.     Scandinavian        Seven 

Years',  16,  162,  196 
1570-1572.     Venetian-Turkish,  8,  355 
i577-i58o.     Lovers,  9,  160 
1580-1601.     French         War         with 

Charles  Emmanuel,  4,  317 
1585-1589.     Three  Henries,  9,  161 
1594.     Farthings,  13,  469 
1598.     Of  Clubs,  16,  170 
1611.     Calmar,  16,  174 
1618-1648.     Thirty     Years',    9,     183, 
11,  313,  13,  203,  462,  15,  382,  17, 
101,  204,  18,  265 
1637-1639.     First  Bishop's,  II,  336 
1640.     Second  Bishop's,  11,  337 
1675.     King  Philip's,  23,  97 
1680-1707.     Mogul  in  India,  5,  122 
1687-1688.     The      English      Revolu- 
tion, 12,  132 
1689-1697.     Palatinate  or  King  Wil- 
liam's, 33,  157 
1700-1721.     Northern,    15,    383,    16, 

214 

1702-1746.     Spanish    Succession    or 

Queen   Anne's,  4,   327,   8,   390,   9, 

220,  17,  190,  233,  18,  311,  20,  106, 

23,  160 

1711-1856.     Russo-Turkish,    II,    632 

1733-1738.     Polish      Succession,      4, 

332,  11,  480,  15,  381,  17,  192,  18, 
319 

1736-1739.     Russo-Turkish,    16,   227 
1740-1742.     First  Silesian,  18,  330 
1740-1748.     Austrian    Succession,    4, 

333,  5,    179,    9,    238,    14,    318,    18, 
331,  20,  107,  23,  163 

1743-1748.  Hindu  War  with  Eng- 
lish, 5,  187 

1744-1745.     Second  Silesian,  18,  331 

1744-1748.  King  George's,  23,  163, 
166 

1756-1763.     Seven  Years'  or  French 


and  Indian,  5,  179,  9,  244,  II,  497, 
13,  256,  14,  318,  15,  131,  16,  228, 
18,  335,  20,  76,  23,  167 

1768-1771.     Burmese,  6,  93 
I775_I783.     American       Revolution, 

9,  254,   11,  513,  12,   180,   13,  257, 

20,  127,  23,  229 
1779-1781.     First    Maratha   War,    5, 

136,  193 
1783.     Aroostook,  24,  530 
1789-1798.     Mysore  Wars,  5,  196 
1793-1815.     Napoleonic,  10,  344,  501 
1798-1807.     Mameluke-European,    1, 

37 
1801-1805.     Tripoli   and   the   United 

States,  23,  393 
1802-1805.     Second     Maratha     War, 

5,  136,  201 

1811-1828.     Turkish-Mameluke,       1, 
38 

1812.  England     and     the     United 
States,  11,  566,  23,  417,  435 

1813.  Liberation,  16,  268 

1814.  Gurkhas   War,   5,  207 

1815.  Holy  Alliance,  15,  265 
1817-1829.     Third   Maratha  War,   5, 

208 
1817-1818.     First  Seminole,  23,  444 
1820-1849.     Italy    with    Austria,    4, 

352 
1821-1828.     Greek   Independence,  2, 

539,  542,  14,  411,  15,  268,  274 
1823-1824.     First   Burmese   War,   5, 

210 
1828-1829.     Russo-Turkish,  I,  38 
1830-1838.     Tithe,  12,  224 
1833.     Black  Hawk,  23,  506 
1835-1842.     Second     Seminole,     23, 

507 
1837-1843.     England  with  Persia,  5, 

361,  363 
1840-1842.     Opium,  5,  213,  6,  130 
1845-1846.     Sikh  or  Punjab,  5,  225 
1846-1848.     Mexican,     22,    278,    24, 

547 
1848-1849.     Sikh  or  Punjab,  5,  226 
1848-1850.     Schleswig-Holstein,    16, 

126,  270 
1850-1858.     Second  foreign  (China), 

6,  155 

1852-1856.     Second    Burmese    War, 
5,  226 


754. 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Wars,  cont. 

1853-1856.     Crimean,     9,     446,     14, 

45i,  15,  304,  16,  264,  286,  17,  383 
1858-1861.     Three     Years'     Reform, 

22,  383 
1859-1860.     Anglo-French    War,    6, 

169 
1860-1861.     Italy    against    Pope,    4, 

38i 
1861-1865.     American      Civil      War, 

11,  621,  24,  684 
1864.     Slesvig-Holstein,  16,  274 
1866.     Austro-Prussian      or      Seven 

Weeks',   9,  455,   16,  275,  18,  410, 

412 
1868-1878.     Ten  Years'   (Cuba),  22, 

453 
1870-1871.     Franco-P  russian     or 

Seven   Months',   13,   309,   M»  473, 

15,  387,  17,  408,  18,  415 
1870-1884.     Tongking,  6,  247 
1876.     Sioux,  34,  905 
1876.     Turkish,  17,  419 
1880-1881.     Hindu    with    British,    5, 

258 
1880-1903.     Abyssinia  with  Italy,  4 

404 
1880-1881.     Boer,  13,  318,  20,  229 
1884-1887.     Afghan-British,    5,    265 
1894-1895.     Chino-Japanese,    6,    265, 

275,  7,  252 
1895-1898.     Afghans     with     British, 

5,  278 
1897.     Greco-Turkish,  14,  504 
1898-1899.     Spanish-American,         8, 

520,  20,  329,  22,  458,  24,  1026 
1899-1902.     Transvaal  or  South  Af- 
rican, 11,  640,  20,  232 
1904-1905.     Russo-Japanese,   6,    308, 

7,  303,  11,  642,  15,  359,  16,  286,  24, 

1079 
Wars  of  the  Roses  (1455-1485),  be- 
tween House  of  York  and  House  of 
Lancaster:  mentioned,  9,  123,  12,  70; 
cause,  11,  211;  battle  of  St.  Albans, 
211;  York  named  Protector,  211; 
compelled  to  resign,  211;  the  king 
captured  by  Yorkists  at  Nor- 
thampton, 211;  York  promised  the 
succession,  212;  battle  of  Wakefield, 
212;  battle  of  Mortimer's  Cross, 
212;    second    battle   of    St.    Alban's 


212;  battle  of  Towton,  213;  Edward 
IV  crowned,  213 
Warsaw,  the   capital   of  Russian   Po- 
land: battle  of   (1656),   16,  207,   18, 
300;  occupied  by  the  Swedes,  15,  41, 

16,  216;  sieges  of  (1793),  15,  189; 
(1794),  15,  191,  18,  358;  (1831),  15, 
295;  taken  by  the  Austrians  (1809), 

17,  298 

Warsaw,  Grand  Duchy  of,  a  duchy 
created  by  Napoleon  (1807): 
formed,  15,  215,  18,  374 

Wart,  Rudolf  von:  see  Rudolf  von 
Wart 

Wartenburg,  Cenek  of:  see  Cenek  of 
Wartenburg 

Warwick,  an  early  settlement  in 
Rhode  Island:  united  to  Providence 
Plantations,  23,  94 

Warwick,  Edward  Plantagenet,  Earl 
of  (1475-1499),  a  claimant  of  the 
English  throne:  execution  of,  11, 
229 

Warwick,  John  Dudley,  Earl  of:  see 
Northumberland,  John  Dudley, 
Duke  of 

Warwick,  Richard  Nevill,  Earl  of 
(ca.  1428-1471),  an  English  politi- 
cian and  commander,  called  the 
King-Maker,  and  The  Last  of  the 
Barons:  rupture  with  Edward  IV, 
11,  216;  reconciled  to  Lancastrian 
party,  217;  death  of,  217 

Warwick,  Thomas  de  Beauchamp, 
Earl  of  (d.  1401),  an  English  baron: 
takes  up  arms  against  Richard  II, 
11,  181;  banished  to  Isle  of  Man, 
184 

Waser  (d.  1780),  a  Swiss  patriot: 
draws  up  a  charter,  13,  475;  trial 
and  death  of,  499 

Washburne,  Elihu  Benjamin  (1816- 
1887),  an  American  statesman  and 
diplomatist:  in  Grant's  cabinet,  24, 
861;  minister  to  France,  862;  de- 
feated for  Vice-President,  929 

Washington,  one  of  the  United 
States:  admitted  to  the  Union,  24, 
986;  Presidential  election  of  1900, 
1040 

Washington,  the  capital  of  the  United 
States,    situated    in    the   District  of 


GENERAL    INDEX 


755 


Columbia,  called  The  City  of  Mag- 
nificent Distances:  planned,  23,  350; 
condition  of,  when  made  seat  of 
government,  380;  tak6n  by  British, 
426;  garrisoned,  24,  730;  defended 
from  Confederate  attack,  758; 
threatened  by  Early,  792;  Union 
armies  reviewed  at,  814;  Grange 
movement   organized,   917 

Washington,  Booker  Taliaferro  (ca. 
1859 ),  an  American  negro  edu- 
cator: makes  speech  at  opening  of 
the  Atlanta  Exposition,  24,  1010 

Washington,  Bushrod  (1 762-1 829), 
American  jurist,  a  nephew  of 
George  Washington:  president  of 
American  Colonization   Society,  24, 

571 
Washington,  George,  an  American 
general,  statesman,  and  patriot, 
President  of  the  United  States, 
1789-1797,  called  The  Father  of  his 
Country:  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Virginia,  February  22,  1732; 
received  a  common-school  educa- 
tion; was  engaged  in  surveying, 
1748-1751;  was  appointed  adjutant 
of  Virginia  troops,  1751;  inherited 
Mount  Vernon,  1752;  made  com- 
mander of  a  military  division  of 
Virginia,  1753,  was  sent  on  a  mis- 
sion to  the  French  beyond  the  Alle- 
gheny River,  1753-1754;  made  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, 1754;  defeated  the 
French,  1754,  but  was  afterward 
obliged  to  surrender  Fort  Necessity 
to  them;  served  as  a  volunteer  aide- 
de-camp  to  Braddock  in  his  expedi- 
tion against  Fort  Du  Quesne,  1755; 
served  on  the  frontier,  1755— 1757; 
married  Mrs.  Martha  Curtis,  Janu- 
ary 9>  !759>  and  settled  as  a  planter 
at  Mount  Vernon;  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Continental  Congresses  of  1774 
and  1775;  was  made  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  Continental  forces,  June 
l5>  1775;  was  successful  in  his  siege 
of  Boston,  1776;  was  defeated  at  the 
battles  of  Long  Island,  August  27, 
1776,  and  of  White  Plains,  October 
28,  1776;  retreated  across  New  Jer- 
sey; surprised  the  Hessians  at  Tren- 


ton, December  26,  1776,  and  cap- 
tured nearly  1000  prisoners;  won  a 
victory  at  Princeton,  January  3, 
1777;  lost  the  battles  of  Brandy  wine 
and  Germantown,  1777;  spent  the 
winter  of  1777-1778  at  Valley  Forge; 
was  present  at  the  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth, 1780;  began  the  siege  of 
Yorktown,  September  28,  1781,  and 
Cornwallis  surrendered,  October  19; 
resigned  his  commission  as  com- 
mander-in-chief at  Annapolis,  De- 
cember 23,  1783,  and  retired  to 
Mount  Vernon;  was  president  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention,  1787; 
was  unanimously  elected  President 
of  the  United  States,  February, 
1789,  and  inaugurated  at  New  York 
City,  April  30,  1789;  was  unanimous- 
ly reelected,  1793;  issued  his  fare- 
well address  to  the  people,  Septem- 
ber, 1796;  at  the  termination  of  his 
second  term,  March  4,  1797,  retired 
to  Mount  Vernon;  was  appointed 
lieutenant-general  and  commander- 
in-chief  of  the  army  in  anticipation 
of  a  war  with  France,  1798;  died  at 
Mount  Vernon,  December  14,  1799, 
and  was  buried  there 

Member  of  Ohio  Company,  23, 
170;  in  the  French  and  Indian  Wars, 
9,  243,  23,  171;  in  expedition  against 
Fort  Du  Quesne,  23,  190;  delegate 
to  first  Continental  Congress,  223; 
delegate  to  second  Continental  Con- 
gress, 229;  given  command  of 
American  forces,  II,  516,  23,  230; 
takes  command  of  army,  23,  233; 
besieges  Boston,  235;  opposed  to 
independence  of  colonies,  237; 
abandons  Long  Island,  243;  refuses 
to  receive  Howe's  message,  242;  at 
battle  of  White  Plains,  244;  re- 
treats across  New  Jersey,  246;  re- 
crosses  the  Delaware,  247;  escapes 
from  Cornwallis  at  Trenton,  249; 
goes  into  winter-quarters  at  Mor- 
ristown,  250;  at  battle  of  Brandy- 
wine,  259;  his  campaign  in  New 
Jersey  against  Howe  (1777),  259; 
at  battle  of  Germantown,  260;  estab- 
lishes headquarters  at  Valley  Forge, 


756 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


260;  Conway  Cabal  attempts  to  se- 
cure removal  of,  261;  orders  arrest 
of  Lee,  263;  reprimands  Arnold, 
276;  sends  Greene  to  succeed  Gates, 
279;  goes  to  Yorktown,  284;  plot  to 
make  him  king,  306;  in  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  323;  president  of 
Constitutional  Convention,  324; 
elected  first  President  of  the  United 
States,  340;  inauguration,  341;  in- 
augural address,  343;  signs  bill  for 
a  National  Bank,  352;  annoyed  with 
the  "National  Gazette,"  356;  reelec- 
tion, 357;  character  of  second  ad- 
ministration, 357;  criticism  of  se- 
verity, 365,  373;  refuses  third  term, 
368;  farewell  address  of,  368;  state- 
ly manner  of,  371;  death  of,  380; 
Stuart  portrait  of,  rescued  by 
Mrs.  Madison,  427;  his  principles 
reflected  in  Monroe  Doctrine,  449; 
only  president  to  receive  unanimous 
vote,  459;  quoted  on  slavery  in  Vir- 
ginia, 24,  564;  precedent  regarding 
third  terms,  926 

Washington,  William  (1752-1810),  an 
American  Revolutionary  officer:  at 
battle  of  Guilford  Court  House,  23, 
281 

Washington,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States  (1871),  24,  959 

Washington  Colonization  Society,  an 
American  society  for  colonizing  free 
negroes,  founded,  1817:  work  of,  19, 

49 
"Wasp,"    an    American    war    vessel: 

captures  the  "  Frolic,"  23,  422 
Watanabe,   a   contemporary  Japanese 

statesman:    causes   downfall   of   Ito 

cabinet,  7,  228 
Watanabe  Kazuma  (ca.  12th  century), 

a  Japanese  nobleman:  slays  Kawai, 

7,  152 
Waterford,   Ireland:   siege  of   (1170), 

12,  50 
Waterloo,  a  village  in  Belgium:  bat- 
tle of  (1815),  4,  350,  8,  487,  532,  9, 

362,    10,   501,    11,    568,   13,   288,   17, 

314,  18,  390,  23,  405 
Watling  Island,  a  small  island  of  the 


Bahama  group,  West  Indies:  dis- 
covered by  Columbus,  23,  31 

Watson,  Charles  (1714-1757),  an  Eng- 
lish admiral:  at  the  capture  of  Cal- 
cutta, 5,   182 

Watson,    Thomas    E.    (1856 ),    an 

American  lawyer  and  politician: 
nominated  for  Vice-President  (1896), 
24,  1015;  Populist  nominee  for 
President  (1904),  1067 

Watt,  James,  a  British  engineer,  phi- 
losopher, and  inventor:  born  at 
Greenock,  Scotland,  January  19, 
1736;  educated  mostly  at  home; 
having  adopted  the  trade  of  maker 
of  mathematical  instruments  he 
went  to  London  in  1755  and  served 
for  one  year  with  John  Morgan;  in 
1756  he  returned  to  Scotland  with 
the  intention  of  settling  at  Glasgow; 
was  appointed  instrument-maker  to 
the  university  at  Glasgow;  in  1764, 
married  his  cousin,  Miss  Miller,  and 
then  opened  a  shop  in  Glasgow; 
ceased  to  make  mathematical  instru- 
ments in  1768  and  pursued  the  busi- 
ness of  land-surveyor  and  civil  en- 
gineer; was  employed  as  surveyor 
or  engineer  in  the  construction  of 
several  canals,  bridges,  and  other 
works  in  Scotland  during  the  period, 
1769-1773;  in  1782  he  took  out  a 
patent  for  the  invention  of  the 
double  acting  engine;  he  made  an 
important  chemical  discovery,  the 
composition  of  water;  he  was  elect- 
ed a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
London  in  1785;  retired  from  busi- 
ness in  1800;  was  elected  one  of  the 
eight  foreign  associates  of  the 
French  Institute  in  1814;  died  at 
Heathfield,  near  Birmingham,  Eng- 
land, August  25,  1819 

Invents  a  steam-engine,  11,  534 

Watt  (Vadian),  Joachim  von  (1484- 
JSSi).  a  Swiss  scholar:  reforms  of, 
13,  439 

Wattenwil,  von  (early  19th  century), 
a  Swiss  general:  refuses  to  fight 
the  Allies,  13,  524 

Wattignies,  France:  battle  of,  10,  277 


GENERAL    INDEX 


757 


Waymouth  (early  17th  century),  an 
English  captain:  explorations  of,  16, 

303 

Wayne,  Anthony,  American  general 
called  Mad  Anthony  Wayne:  born 
in  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania, 
January  1,  1745;  educated  at  the 
Philadelphia  Academy;  became  a 
surveyor;  married  Miss  Penrose  of 
Philadelphia  and  settled  on  a  farm 
in  Chester  county;  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  in 
1774,  and  was  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittee of  public  safety  in  1775; 
raised  a  regiment  and  entered  the 
army  as  colonel;  served  at  battle  of 
Three  Rivers,  Canada,  June,  1776; 
took  command  of  Fort  Ticonderoga 
and  was  appointed  a  brigadier-gen- 
eral; about  May,  1777,  he  joined  the 
army  of  Washington  in  New  Jer- 
sey; commanded  a  division  at  battle 
of  Brandywine,  and  also  in  battle 
of  Germantown,  October,  1777;  was 
in  battle  of  Monmouth,  June,  1778; 
his  most  brilliant  achievement  was 
the  capture  of  Stony  Point,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  July  15,  1779;  he  was 
wounded  in  the  head  in  this  battle; 
served  in  the  battle  of  Green 
Springs,  Virginia,  in  July,  1780,  and 
took  part  in  the  capture  of  the  Brit- 
ish army  at  Yorktown,  October  19, 
1781;  was  a  member  of  the  conven- 
tion which  ratified  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  in  December, 
1787;  was  raised  to  rank  of  major- 
general  and  in  1792  was  appointed 
commander  of  the  army  sent 
against  the  Indians;  in  August,  1794, 
he  gained  a  complete  victory  over 
the  Miamis  in  western  Ohio;  died 
at  Presque  Isle,  on  Lake  Erie,  De- 
cember 15,  1796 

At  battle  of  Brandywine,  23,  259; 
succeeds  St.  Clair,  365;  victory  in 
Northwest  aids  immigration,  442 

Weaver,     James    B.     (1833 ),     an 

American  soldier  and  politician: 
Greenback  Party  nominee  (1880), 
24,  930;  nominated  for  President 
(1892),  991 


Webb,  James  Watson  (1802-1884),  an 
American  journalist:  favors  Taylor 
for  Presidency,  24,  557 

Weber,  Ernest  von  (19th  century),  a 
German  colonial  pioneer  in  Africa: 
influences  German  colonization  ef- 
forts, 19,  92  note;  desires  increase 
of  German  influence  in   Africa,   127 

Weber,  Johannes  (late  18th  century), 
a  Swiss  soldier:  at  battle  of  Neue- 
neck,  13,  51 1 

Weber,  Veit  (late  15th  century),  a 
German  poet:  sketch  of,  13,  427 

Webster,  Daniel,  American  statesman, 
jurist  and  orator:  born  at  Salisbury, 
New  Hampshire,  January  18,  1782; 
on  account  of  feeble  health  he  was 
educated  at  home  but  spent  nine 
months  at  the  Phillips  Academy, 
Exeter;  in  1797  he  entered  Dart- 
mouth College;  graduated  in  Au- 
gust, 1801,  and  began  to  study  law; 
took  charge  of  an  academy  at  Frye- 
burg,  in  Maine;  he  remained  here 
for  eight  months  then  returned  to 
the  study  of  law,  and  later  entered 
the  office  of  Christopher  Gore,  an 
eminent  lawyer  and  statesman,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  March, 
1805;  practiced  nearly  two  years  at 
Boscawen  and  in  1897  removed  to 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire;  in 
November,  1812,  he  was  elected  as 
a  Federalist  to  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives and  took  his  seat,  1813; 
opposed  war  against  Great  Britain; 
reelected  to  the  fourteenth  Con- 
gress, which  met  in  December,  1815; 
retired  from  public  life,  1816,  and 
moved  from  Portsmouth  to  Boston; 
soon  became  the  foremost  lawyer  in 
New  England;  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  met  in  1820 
to  revise  the  Constitution  of  Massa- 
chusetts; in  1822  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Congress  which  met  in 
December,  1823,  reelected,  1824,  and 
supported  John  Q.  Adams  for  presi- 
dent; served  in  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives until  1828,  when  he  was 
transferred  to  the  Senate;  supported 
Clay  for   President  in   the   election 


758 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


of  1832;  opposed  Clay's  Compro- 
mise Bill  in  1833;  visited  England, 
Scotland,  and  France  in  1839;  re- 
elected to  the  Senate,  January,  1839; 
in  1841  he  was  appointed  secretary 
of  state  by  President  Harrison;  re- 
signed in  May,  1843;  again  elected 
a  Senator  in  the  winter  of  1844- 
1845;  in  1850,  President  Fillmore 
appointed  Webster  secretary  of 
state;  made  several  famous  speeches 
in  the  Senate;  died  at  Marshfield, 
Mass.,  October  24,   1852 

Quoted  on  government  of  North- 
west Territory,  23,  318;  opposes  tar- 
iff for  New  England,  439;  defends 
Monroe  Doctrine,  449;  opposes  pro- 
tective tariff,  457;  describes  Jack- 
son's inauguration,  481;  on  question 
of  Jackson's  appointments,  482;  re- 
plies to  Hayne,  489;  favors  United 
States  Bank,  502;  offered  nomination 
for  Vice-President,  24,  521;  makes 
campaign  speeches  (1840),  523; 
member  of  Harrison's  Cabinet,  525; 
recognizes  the  independence  of  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  20,  308;  negoti- 
ates settlement  of  Northeast  Bound- 
ary Dispute,  24,  529,  530;  attempts 
to  settle  Northwest  'Boundary  Dis- 
pute, 542;  opposes  Mexican  War, 
554;  candidate  for  President,  557; 
refuses  nomination  for  Vice-Presi- 
dent (1848),  558;  opposes  election 
of  Taylor,  593;  opposes  Calhoun's 
resolutions,  595;  summary  of  his  ca- 
reer, 605;  his  Seventh  of  March 
speech,  605;  candidate  for  Presi- 
dential nomination  (1852),  620; 
death,  620;  his  communication  to 
Austrian  diplomat,  639 

Webster,  Noah  (1758-1843),  an  Amer- 
ican lexicographer  and  author:  in 
American  literature,  23,  481 

Webster-Hayne  Debate,  a  debate  be- 
tween Daniel  Webster  and  Senator 
Hayne  of  South  Carolina  (1830): 
account  of,  23,  489 

Weddell  (17th  century),  an  English 
captain:  takes  the  Pogue  Forts,  6, 
107 

Weddell  (early  19th  century),  an  Ant- 


arctic explorer:  explorations  of,  16, 
333 

Wedderburn,  Sir  William  (1838 ), 

an  English  statesman:  supports  the 
Indian  National  Congress,  5,  270 

Wedel,  Karl  Heinrich  (1712-1782),  a 
Prussian  general:  in  the  Seven 
Years'  War,  18,  339 

Wedmore,  Peace  of,  a  peace  between 
Guthrun,  King  of  the  Danes,  and 
Alfred  the  Great  (878  A.  D.),  nf 
43,  16,  15 

Weed,  Thurlow  (1797-1882),  an  Amer- 
ican journalist  and  politician:  op- 
poses nomination  of  Clay  for  Presi- 
dency, 24,  520;  quoted  on  nomina- 
tion of  Tyler,  521;  decides  to  nom- 
inate Taylor  for  Presidency,  557; 
opposes  Lincoln,  799 

Weehawken,  New  Jersey:  duel  ground 
of  Hamilton  and  Burr,  23,  402 

Wehrli  (early  19th  century),  a  Swiss 
educator:  directs  training  school  for 
teachers,  13,  542 

Wei-hai-Wei,  a  port  in  China:  surren- 
der of,  6,  269,  7,  270;  naval  battle 
of,  7,  270;  lease  of,  6,  273,  7,  278 

Weinsberg,  Wurtemberg:  battle  of 
(1140),  17,  91,  18,  144 

Weissenburg,  Alsace-Lorraine:  battles 
of  (1795),   10,  345;   (1870),   18,  421 

Weitzel,  Godfrey  (1835-1884),  an 
American  general  and  military  en- 
gineer: enters  Richmond,  24,  811 

Wekerle,     Alexander     (1844 ),     a 

Hungarian  statesman:  made  pre- 
mier of  Hungary,  17,  431;  second 
premiership  of,  447 

Welch,  John  (ca.  1570-1622),  a  Scot- 
tish minister:  sketch  of,  12,  358 

Welf  (Guelf)  II,  Duke  of  Bavaria, 
1101-1120:  his  relations  with  Henry 
V  of  Germany,  18,  141 

Welf  VI  (1115-1191),  Duke  of  Ba- 
varia: wars  of,  18,  144,  145 

Welf  (Guelf  or  Guelph),  Italian  papal 
and  popular  party  of  the  middle 
ages:  rise  of,  4,  199;  sketch  of,  18, 
144 

Welhaven,  Johan  Sebastian  Cammer- 
meyer  (1807-1873),  a  Norwegian 
lyric  poet:  sketch  of,  16,  264 


GENERAL    INDEX 


759 


Wellesley,  Sir  Arthur:  see  Wellington, 
Arthur  Wellesley,  Duke  of 

Wellesley,  Richard  Cowley  or  Welles- 
ley, Marquis  of  (1760-1842),  older 
brother  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington: 
made  governor-general  of  India,  5, 
196 

Wellington,  New  Zealand:  settled,  20, 
211 

Wellington,  Arthur  Wellesley,  Duke 
of,  an  English  general  and  states- 
man, called  The  Great  Duke,  The 
Iron  Duke,  Nosey,  and  The  Hero 
of  the  Peninsula:  born  at  Daugan 
Castle,  County  Meath,  Ireland,  May 
1,  1769;  educated  at  Eton  College 
and  at  the  military  academy  of  Au- 
gers, France;  received  in  March, 
1787,  a  commission  as  ensign  in  the 
seventy-third  regiment  of  foot;  be- 
came a  lieutenant  in  December, 
1787;  raised  to  rank  of  major  in 
April,  1793;  then  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  thirty-third  regiment  in  Sep- 
tember, 1793;  in  1794,  served  under 
the  Duke  of  York;  promoted  to 
rank  of  colonel  in  1796;  obtained  the 
rank  of  major-general  in  April, 
•1802,  and  gained  a  decisive  victory 
over  the  Mahrattas  at  Assaye  in 
September  of  1803;  returned  to  Eng- 
land, 1805;  in  November  he  was 
sent  to  Holland  but  returned  with- 
out having  encountered  the  enemy; 
appointed  chief  secretary  for  Ire- 
land, 1807;  served  in  the  expedition 
against  Copenhagen  in  1807;  made 
lieutenant-general  and  commander 
of  the  forces  in  the  Peninsula,  1808; 
gained  the  victory  of  Vimiero,  Aug- 
ust 21,  1808;  returned  to  England 
after  the  Convention  of  Cintra;  was 
again  Irish  secretary  in  1809,  and 
again  commander-in-chief  in  the 
Peninsula,  April,  1809;  gained  the 
victory  of  Talavera  in  1809,  and  was 
made  Viscount  Wellington  the  same 
year;  fortified  the  lines  of  Torres 
Vedras;  repulsed  the  French  at  Bu- 
saco  in  1810;  gained  the  victory  of 
Fuentes  d'Onoro  in  1811;  stormed 
Ciudad,    Rodrigo    and    Badajoz    in 


1812;  gained  the  victory  of  Sala- 
manca in  1812;  made  Earl  and  Mar- 
quis of  Wellington,  1812;  occupied 
Madrid;  besieged  Burgos  unsuccess- 
fully in  1812;  gained  the  victory  of 
Vittoria  in  1813;  won  various  bat- 
tles in  the  Pyrenees;  captured  San 
Sebastian  and  Pamplona  in  1813;  in- 
vaded France  and  won  the  victories 
of  Orthez  and  Toulouse  in  1814;  in 

1814,  was  made  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton; was  ambassador  at  Paris,  1814- 

1815,  and  plenipotentiary  at  the  Con- 
gress of  Vienna,  1815;  gained  the 
victory  of  Quatre-Bras,  June  16, 
1815;  commanded  with  Blucher  at 
Waterloo,  June  18,  1815;  negotiated 
in  the  restoration  of  the  Bourbons 
and  in  the  Peace  of  Paris  in  1815; 
was  commander-in-chief  of  the  army 
of  occupation  in  France,  1815-1818; 
attended  the  Congresses  of  Aix-la- 
Chapelle  in  1818  and  of  Verona 
in  1822;  became  master-general  of 
the  ordinance  in  1819,  and  member 
of  the  cabinet;  was  made  ambassa- 
dor to  Russia  in  1826;  became  com- 
mander-in-chief of  the  army  in 
1827;  and  was  prime  minister,  1828- 
1830;  Catholic  emancipation  was 
carried  in  his  administration,  but 
he  opposed  parliamentary  reform; 
was  foreign  secretary,  1834-1835, 
and  a  member  of  the  cabinet,  1841- 
1846;  died  at  Walmer  Castle,  Sep- 
tember 14,  1852 

His  campaign  in  Spanish  penin- 
sula, 8,  486,  528,  9,  333,  10,  477,  n, 
562;  his  campaigns  against  Napo- 
leon, 9,  362,  13,  287,  17,  314,  18, 
375»  389;  at  the  battle  of  Waterloo, 
10,  501;  at  the  Congress  of  Verona, 
9»  3795  becomes  Prime  Minister,  11, 
582;  opposes  Belgian  independence, 
13,  298;  favors  Catholic  emancipa- 
tion, 12,  222;  protects  London 
against  Chartists,  11,  608;  death  of, 
610 

Wellman,     Walter      (1858 ),     an 

American  Arctic  explorer:  explora- 
tions of,  16,  339 

Wellman  Airship  Expedition,  a  pros- 


760 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


pective  attempt  to  reach  the  North 
Pole  in  an  airship,  16,  339 

Wells,  David  Ames  (1828-1898),  an 
American  politician:  joins  liberal 
movement,  24,  890 

Wells,  Gideon  (1802-1878),  an  Ameri- 
can politician:  Lincoln's  Secretary 
of  the  Navy,  24,  708 

Wels,  Austria:   battle   of   (ca.  912  A. 

D.),  17,  43 

Welsh,  the  people  of  Wales:  sketch 
of,  12,  248 

Wenceslaus  (III)  the  One-eyed,  King 
of  Bohemia,  1230-1253:  aids  Hun- 
gary against  the  Mongols,  17,  58; 
reign  of,  69 

Wenceslaus  or  Wenceslas:  see  also 
Vacslav 

Wends,  a  branch  of  the  Slavic  race: 
description  of  the,  16,  39;  ravages 
of  the,  67;  disloyal  to  the  empire, 
18,  139;  invade  Slesvig,  16,  76;  con- 
version of  the,  81 

Weng  T'ungho  (19th  century),  a 
Chinese  social  reformer:  sponsor  for 
K'ang,   6,  276 

Wengi,  Nicholas  (early  16th  century), 
a  Swiss  patriot:  crushes  the  at- 
tempt at  civil  war  in  Soleure,  13, 
446 

Wentworth,  Charles  Watson,  Marquis 
of  Rockingham:  see  Rockingham 
Charles  Watson  Wentworth,  Mar- 
quis of 

Wentworth,  Thomas  (1593-1641) 
Earl  of  Strafford:  leader  of  third 
Parliament  of  Charles  I,  II,  323; 
joins  Charles  I,  328;  made  chief 
advisor  of  Charles  I,  336;  made 
lord  lieutenant  of  Ireland,  12,  11 1; 
impeached  and  imprisoned,  II,  337; 
death  of,  11,  339,  12,  113 

Wenzel:  see  Vacslav  or  Wenceslaus 

Werdan  (7th  century),  a  Byzantine 
general:  commands  army  for  con- 
quest of  Saracens,  1,  270 

Werden,  Karl  von,  a  Swedish  sailor: 
enters  Peter's  service,  15,  91 

Werdenberg,  Rudolf  von:  see  Rudolf 
von  Werdenberg 

Werder,  Count  August  Karl  Friedrich 
Wilhelm   Leopold  von   (1808-1887), 


a  Prussian  general:  in  the  Franco- 
Prussian  War,  18,  425 

Werdmiiller,  Conrad  (17th  century), 
a  Swiss  general:  leads  peasant  re- 
volt, 13,  473 

Werdmiiller,  Rudolf  (17th  century),  a 
Swiss  general:  in  the  Religious 
Wars,  13,  476;  trial  of,  483 

Werenfels,  Samuel  (1657-1740),  a 
Swiss  scholar  and  theologian:  at- 
tacks abuses  of  aristocracy,  13,  475 

Wergeland,  Henrik  Arnold  Thaulow 
(1808-1845),  a  Norwegian  poet: 
leads  the  patriotic  party,  16,  262, 
264 

Wergild,  money  or  goods  paid  for  in- 
juries inflicted,  a  Viking  custom:  de- 
scription of  the,  16,  12,  41  note,  71 

Werner  (early  nth  century),  Count  of 
Kyburg:  sketch  of,  18,  126 

Werner  (early  nth  century),  Bishop 
of  Strasburg:  builds  the  castle  of 
Hapsburg,  17,  99 

Werner  von  Attinghausen  (early  14th 
century),  a  Swiss  knight:  leads 
Swiss  patriots,  13,  364 

Werner  von  Homberg  (early  14th  cen- 
tury), a  Swiss  knight:  appointed 
bailiff  of  Switzerland,  13,  364 

Wernier  (18th  century),  a  Swiss  con- 
spirator: leader  of  uprising  in  Berne, 
13,  498 

Wernsfeld,  Holland:  battle  of  (1586), 

13,  iSi 

Wertingen,  Bavaria:  battle  of  (1805), 
9,  326,  10,  464 

Wesen,  Massacre  of,  a  massacre  of  the 
Swiss  by  the  Austrians  (1388),  13, 
382 

Wesley,  Charles,  English  clergyman 
and  poet:  born  at  Epworth,  Decem- 
ber 18,  1708;  in  1716  he  was  sent  to 
Westminster  School  under  his  elder 
brother,  Samuel  Wesley;  then  en- 
tered Christ  Church,  Oxford,  in  1726, 
when  his  strictness  in  religion  pro- 
cured for  him  the  name  of  Metho- 
dist; sailed  for  Georgia  with  his 
brother  John  in  1735;  served  as  sec- 
retary to  Oglethorpe;  returned  to 
England  about  the  end  of  1736; 
Charles    became    an    able    preacher 


GENERAL    INDEX 


761 


and  cooperated  with  John  in  many 
of  his  religious  enterprises;  married 
Sarah  Gwynne  in  1749,  after  which 
he  preached  in  London,  Bristol  and 
other  places,  and  propagated  the 
Methodist  doctrines;  also  gained 
great  distinction  as  a  writer  of 
hymns  and  composed  many  of  those 
used  in  the  Methodist  Church;  died 
in  London,  March  29,  1788 
Work  of,  23,  81 
Wesley,  John,  English  religious  re- 
former, founder  of  The  Society  of 
Methodists:  born  at  Epworth,  Lin- 
colnshire, England,  June  17,  1703; 
at  an  early  age  he  was  sent  to  the 
Charter-House;  in  1720  was  sent  to 
Christ  Church,  Oxford;  was  or- 
dained deacon  in  1725;  graduated  as 
M.A.  in  1726;  obtained  a  fellowship 
in  Lincoln  College,  Oxford,  March 
17,  1726;  during  that  year  assisted 
his  father  at  Epworth;  was  made 
Greek  lecturer  and  moderator  of 
the  classes;  employed  as  curate  of 
his  father  at  Wroote,  but  it  being 
necessary  for  him  to  reside  at  Ox- 
ford he  resigned  the  curacy  and  re- 
turned to  Oxford,  November,  1729; 
became  the  head  of  the  society,  at 
Oxford,  composed  of  his  brother 
Charles  and  others,  called  Metho- 
dists; in  October,  1735,  John  and 
Charles  accepted  an  invitation  to  go 
to  Georgia  to  preach  to  the  Indians 
and  the  settlers  of  a  colony  founded 
by  Oglethorpe;  arrived  there  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1736,  but  was  not  popular 
with  the  settlers  at  Savannah  and  in 
December,  1737,  sailed  for  England, 
arriving  February,  1738;  preached  in 
the  open  air  at  Bristol,  where  the 
foundations  of  the  society  of  Metho- 
dists as  an  independent  sect  were 
laid;  continued  to  profess  the  doc- 
trines of  the  Church  of  England 
after  he  ceased  to  conform  to  its 
discipline;  usually  traveled  on  horse- 
back and  often  preached  several  ser- 
mons a  day;  published  many  reli- 
gious tracts,  wrote  hymns  and  also 


was   the   author   of  books;   died   in 
London,  March  2,  1791 
Sketch  of,  11,  493,  23,  81 

Wesley,  Samuel  (ca.  1664-1735),  an 
English  clergyman:  preaches  against 
James  II's  Declaration  of  Indul- 
gence, 11,  427 

Wessenberg,  Ignaz  Heinrich  Karl, 
Baron  von  (1774-1860),  a  German 
Catholic  theologian:  persecuted,  13, 

529 

Wessex,  one  of  the  Saxon  kingdoms 
in  England:  conquered  by  Mercians 
(779  A.  D.),  11,  39 

West,  Benjamin  (1738-1820),  an 
American-English  painter:  celebrat- 
ed painting  of,  23,  112 

West,  Garden  of  the:  see  Kansas 

West,  The  Pennsylvania  of  the:  see 
Missouri 

West  Florida:  see  Florida 

West  India  Company,  Dutch,  a  com- 
mercial association  formed  in  the 
Netherlands  in  1621 :  chartered,  20, 
59;  powers  of,  under  charter,  23, 
102;  sketch  of,  20,  yy,  loses  its  last 
possession  in  Brazil,  13,  231  note 

West  India  Company,  French,  a  com- 
mercial company  founded  1664: 
founded,  9,  214,  20,  68,  88 

West  Indies,  Danish:  history  of,  20, 
297;  slave  trade  declared  illegal  in, 
16,  255 

West  Indies,  Dutch:  description  of,  20, 
285 

West  Indies,  English:  condition  of 
(1776),  20,  no;  effect  of  the  Ameri- 
can  Revolution  on,  131 

West  Indies,  History  of:  description 
of,  20,  66;  exploration  and  settle- 
ment, 11,445;  French  possessions  in, 
threatened,  23,  357;  British  restric- 
tions on  trade  with,  362;  England 
closes  ports  to  American  commerce, 
471;  conspiracies  and  revolutions  in 
Cuba,  22,  451;  the  American  inter- 
vention in  Cuba,  456;  military  gov- 
ernment in  Cuba,  464;  the  republic 
of  Cuba  to-day,  474;  reciprocity  be- 
tween Cuba  and  the  United  States, 
482;  Hayti  and  San  Domingo,  491 


762 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


West  Indies,  The  Gibraltar  of  the:  see 
Bermudas,  The 

West  Point,  a  village  in  New  York: 
command  of,  given  to  Arnold,  23, 
276 

West  Virginia,  a  state  of  the  United 
States,  called  the  Panhandle  State: 
colonized  by  Ohio  Company,  23, 
170;  refuses  to  secede,  24,  731;  ad- 
mitted to  the  Union,  733;  railroad 
strikes  (1877),  919;  Blaine's  cam- 
paign speeches  (1884),  947;  Presi- 
dential elections  (1896),  1018; 
(1904),  1072 

Westermann,  Frangois  Joseph  (d. 
1794),  a  French  revolutionist  and 
general:  death  of,  9,  288 

Western  Australia,  a  British  colony  in 
Australia:  founded,  20,  187;  govern- 
ment of,  199;  ratifies  the  new  Consti- 
tution (1900),  207 

Western  Reserve,  a  name  for  a  part 
of  Ohio  on  Lake  Erie,  reserved  by 
Connecticut:  created,  23,  318;  agi- 
tation over  Fugitive  Slave  Law,  24, 
672 

Westland,  New  Zealand:  formed,  20, 
213 

Westland,  James,  a  British  official  in 
India,  1893-1899:  finance  member  of 
the  governor-general's  council,  5, 
274 

Westminster  Abbey,  a  church  in  Lon- 
don: built  by  Eadward  the  Confes- 
sor, 11,  64;  rebuilt  by  Henry  III, 
142 

Weston,  Thomas  (ca.  1575-1624),  an 
English  adventurer:  founds  com- 
mercial settlement  on  Massachusetts 
Bay,  23,  85 

Westphalia,  a  province  of  Prussia: 
early  inhabitants  of,  18,  6;  invaded 
by  Caesar,  12;  peasant  war  in,  243; 
given  to  Jerome  Bonaparte,  10,  471 

Westphalia,  Peace  of,  the  treaties 
which  ended  the  Thirty  Years'  War 
(1648),  9,  200,  10,  135  note,  13,  219, 
465,  16,  188,  17,  183,  18,  293 

Wettstein  (Wetstein)  John  Rudolf 
(1594-1666),  a  Swiss  diplomat:  at 
the  Miinster  Conference,  13,  465 


Wexford,  Ireland:  sieges  of  (1169),  12, 
49;  (1649),  11,  363,  12,  124 

Weyler,  Valeriano  y  Nicolau  (1836- 
),  a  Spanish  soldier:  his  ad- 
ministration in  Cuba,  8,  519,  20,  328, 

22,  455,  24,  1022;  recalled,  1023 
Weymouth,   George    (early   17th   cen- 
tury),   an    English    navigator:    ex- 
plores New  England  coast,  23,  54 

Weyprecht,  Charles  (1838-1881),  a  Ger- 
man Arctic  explorer:  aids  scientific 
polar  research,  16,  318 

Wharton,  Thomas,  Marquis  of  Whar- 
ton (ca.  1640-1715),  an  English 
Whig  politician:  Comptroller  of  the 
Household,  11,  441 

Wheat:  raised  in  the  Middle  Colonies, 

23,  136 

Wheaton,  Henry  (1785-1848),  an 
American  diplomat  and  jurist: 
sketch  of,  23,  481 

Wheeler,      Joseph       (1836 ),      an 

American  general:  commands  Con- 
federate cavalry,  24,  805;  appointed 
major-general,  1028;  in  Santiago 
campaign,  1029 

Wheeler,  William  A.  (18 19-1887),  an 
American  statesman:  nominated  for 
Vice-President  (1876),  24,  907; 
elected   Vice-President    (1876),  913 

Wheeling,  West  Virginia:  loyalist  con- 
vention at,  24,  731;  State  Constitu- 
tional convention,  732 

Wheelright,  John  (1592-1679),  a  New 
England  clergyman:  in  Salem  col- 
ony, 23,  90 

Whiggamore's  Raid,  a  dash  on  Edin- 
burgh made  by  the  Presbyterians 
in  1648,  12,  341 

Whigs,  an  American  political  party: 
organized,  24,  520;  convention  at 
Harrisburg,  520;  alienated  from 
Tyler,  528;  convention  at  Baltimore 
(1844),  536;  convention  meets  at 
Philadelphia  (1848),  556;  dissolution, 
637;  convention  at  Baltimore  (1852), 
620;  remnant  in  Constitutional 
Union  Party,  680 

Whigs,  an  English  political  party: 
origin,  23,  434;  origin  of  the  term, 
11,  409,  23,  510 


GENERAL    INDEX 


763 


Whiskey  Rebellion,  a  rebellion  in 
Pennsylvania  against  a  duty  on 
spirits  distilled  in  the  United  States 
(1794):  account  of,  23,  367 

Whiskey  Ring,  The,  a  conspiracy  of 
distillers  and  United  States  govern- 
ment officials,  to  defraud  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  excise  duties  (1872- 
1875) :  account  of,  24,  894 

Whiskey  Tax,  an  excise  duty  on 
spirits  distilled  within  the  United 
States  (1791):  imposed,  23,  348;  re- 
pealed, 348 

White,   Andrew   Dickson    (1832 ), 

an  American  educator,  historian, 
and  politician:  in  San  Domingo 
Commission,  24,  880 

White,  Sir  George  Stuart  (1835 ), 

an  English  soldier:  sketch  of,  5,  278 

White,  Horace  (1834 ),  an  Ameri- 
can journalist:  joins  liberal  move- 
ment, 24,  890 

White,  Hugh  Lawson  (1 773-1840),  an 
American  statesman:  nominated  for 
Presidency,  23,   510 

White,  John  (late  16th  century),  Eng- 
lish colony  founder:  leaves  a  colony 
in  Virginia,  23,  53 

White,  John  Claude,  a  contemporary 
English  official  in  India:  member  of 
the  Tibetan  mission,  5,  297 

White  City:  see  Columbian  Exposi- 
tion, World's;  also  Belgrade 

White  Company,  a  band  of  assassins 
organized  in  Toulouse  in  the  13th 
century:  in  Italian  wars,  4,  253 

White  Hill:  see  White  Mountain 

White  House,  The,  the  residence  of 
the  Presidents  of  the  United  States 
in  Washington,  D.  C.:  burned  by 
British,  23,  427 

White  Lily  Sect,  The,  a  Chinese  sect, 
6,  116,  144 

White  Mountain,  a  hill  near  Prague: 
battle  of  (1620),  9,  189,  11,  313,  17, 
206,  226,  18,  270 

White  Pass,  The,  a  pass  in  Alaska: 
awarded  to  the  United  States  in 
Alaskan  boundary  dispute,  24,  1054 

White  Plains,  a  village  in  New  York: 
battle  of  (1776),  23,  244 


White  Queen,  The:  see  Mary  Queen 
of  Scots 

Whiteboys,  an  illegal  agrarian  asso- 
ciation in  Ireland  (1761):  sketch  of, 

13,   175 

Whitefield,  George,  English  preacher: 
born  at  Gloucester,  England,  De- 
cember 16,  1714;  was  sent  to  a 
grammar  school  and  in  1733  entered 
Pembroke  College,  Oxford;  at  col- 
lege he  became  an  intimate  friend  of 
John  and  Charles  Wesley;  was  or- 
dained a  deacon  in  1736  and  began 
soon  after  to  preach;  in  1737 
preached  in  London;  went  to  Geor- 
gia, 1738;  instituted  an  orphan- 
house  at  Savannah  and  returned  to 
England  in  September,  1738;  in  the 
autumn  of  1739  he  again  crossed  the 
Atlantic  to  America  preaching  in 
Philadelphia,  New  York,  and  other 
places,  and  in  1741  he  returned  to 
England;  revisited  the  American 
colonies  in  1744;  sailed  from  Eng- 
land in  1769  on  his  seventh  visit  to 
America  and  died  at  Newburyport, 
Massachusetts,  September  30,  1770 
Sketch  of,  11,  493,  23,  81 

Whitelocke,  Bulstrode  (1605-1676),  an 
English  statesman:  at  the  court  of 
Christina,  16,  205 

Whitgift,  John  (i530?-i6o4),  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury:  appointed,  XX, 
300 

Whitman,  Marcus  (19th  century),  an 
American  missionary:  saves  Oregon 
for  the  United  States,  24,  542 

Whitman,  Walt  or  Walter  (1819-1892), 
an  American  poet:  his  poem  on  the 
death  of  Lincoln,  24,  827 

Whitney,  Eli,  the  American  inventor 
of  the  cotton  gin:  born  at  Westboro, 
Massachusetts,  December  8,  1765; 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1792,  went  to 
Georgia  to  teach  school;  about  the 
end  of  1792,  he  invented  the  cotton- 
gin  for  separating  the  cotton  from 
the  seed;  before  he  had  obtained  a 
patent  his  premises  were  broken 
open  by  night  and  the  model  stolen; 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  fire- 


764 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


arms  near  New  Haven  in  1798  and 
acquired  an  independent  fortune  in 
that  business;  died  at  New  Haven, 
January  8,  1825 

Increases  value  of  slavery  to  the 
South,  23,  128;  invents  cotton  gin, 
450 

Whitney,  William  Collins  (1841-1904), 
an  American  lawyer  and  politician: 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  24,  950  note 

Whittier,  John  Greenleaf  (1 807-1 892), 
an  American  poet:  in  American  lit- 
erature, 24,  481;  secretary  of  Ameri- 
can Anti-Slavery  Society,  24,  574; 
joins  liberal  movement,  890;  his 
Centennial  Hymn  sung,  903 

Whitworth,  Sir  Charles,  Earl  Whit- 
worth  ( 1 754-1825),  an  English  dip- 
lomat: quits  St.  Petersburg,  15,  207 

Wickes,  Lambert  (late  18th  century), 
an  American  naval  commander: 
naval  exploits  of,  23,  290 

Wickliffe:  see  Wycliffe 

Wickmand  (ca.  9th  century),  an  early 
ruler  in  Flanders:  gains  a  footing  in 
the  Netherlands,  13,  20 

Wiclif:  see  Wycliffe 

Widdin  (Widin),  Bulgaria:  surren- 
ders to  Sigismund,  14,  40 

Widow-burning,  a  custom  in  India: 
abolished,  5,  213 

Wieland,  Christopher  Martin  (1733- 
1813),  a  German  poet:  at  Weimar, 
18,  353 

Wielopolski,  Marquis  (19th  century), 
a  Polish  statesman:  becomes  direc- 
tor of  public  instruction  in  Poland, 

15,  325 

Wiener-Neustadt,  Lower  Austria : 
diet  of  (1502),  17,  174 

Wifredo  (Hunfrido),  I,  Count  of 
Barcelona,  858  A.  D.:  reign  of,  8, 
222 

Wifredo  II  (d.  912),  Count  of  Barce- 
lona: reign  of,  8,  224 

Wight,  Isle  of,  an  island  off  the  south 
coast  of  England:  Jutes  form  settle- 
ments in,  11,  18 

Wilberforce,  William,  English  philan- 
thropist and  statesman:  born  at 
Hull,  England,  August  24,  1759;  was 


sent  to  grammar  school  at  Hull,  and 
in  1776  entered  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge;  while  at  Cambridge, 
formed  an  acquaintance  with  Wil- 
liam Pitt;  was  elected  a  member 
of  Parliament  in  1780;  in  1783  he 
visited  France  in  company  with  Mr. 
Pitt,  and  as  a  supporter  of  Pitt  was 
elected  a  member  for  Yorkshire;  he 
passed  part  of  the  years  1784  and 
1785  in  a  continental  tour;  in  1787  he 
began  a  series  of  efforts  for  the  ref- 
ormation of  manners  and  especially 
for  abolishing  the  African  slave 
trade;  he  opened  the  debate  against 
the  traffic  on  May  12,  1789,  and  was 
supported  by  Burke,  Pitt,  and  Fox; 
although  defeated  he  renewed  the 
effort  and  finally,  in  1807,  after  a 
struggle  of  nearly  twenty  years,  the 
bill  was  passed  making  it  illegal  for 
a  British  citizen  to  carry  on  the 
slave  traffic;  in  1825  Wilberforce  re- 
tired from  Parliament  and  went  to 
live  upon  a  small  estate  at  High- 
wood,  near  London;  died  in  Cado- 
gan  Place,  London,  July  29,  1883 

His    crusade    against    slave-trade, 
11,  541,  19,  40,  20,  238 

Wilbrod:  see  Willebrod 

Wilderness,  Battle  of  the,  a  battle 
fought  in  Virginia,  United  States, 
during  the  Civil  War  (1864):  ac- 
count of,  24,  787;  political  effects 
of,  801 

Wildhans  von  Breitenlandenberg  (15th 
century),  a  Swiss  soldier:  defends 
Greifenses,   13,  401 

Wildman,      Edwin      (1867 ),      an 

American  journalist  and  author:  his 
negotiations  with  the  Filipinos,  20, 

315 

Wilfrid,  Saint  (ca.  634-708  A.  D.),  an 
English  prelate,  Archbishop  of 
York:  makes  English  church  con- 
form with  church  of  Rome,  11,  2>7 

Wilhelm  (9th  century),  Count  of 
Barcelona:  attempts  to  gain  his 
fief,  8,  222 

Wilhelm:  see  also  William 

Wilhelmina        (Wilhelmina        Helena 


GENERAL    INDEX 


765 


Paulina   Maria)    (1880 ),   Queen 

of  Holland,   1890 :  birth  of,  13, 

318:  reign  of,  318 
Wilhelmine,  Friederike  Sophie  (1709- 

1758),      Margravine     of     Bayreuth: 

marriage  of,  18,  327 
Wilkes,       Charles       (1801-1877),      an 

American  naval  officer  and  explorer: 

explorations    of,     16,    334;    in    the 

Trent  Affair,  24,  729 
Wilkes,  John  (1727-1797),  an  English 

politician  and  agitator:  arrested,  11, 

507;  trials  of,  508:  reflections  of,  511 
Wilkinson,     James      (1757-1825),     an 

American  soldier:  betrays  Burr,  23, 

403 

Willamette  River,  a  river  in  Oregon, 
United  States:  settlements  made  on, 
24,  542 

Willard,  Samuel  (1640-1707),  a  New 
England  divine,  23,  139 

Willebrod  (Willibrod),  Saint  (ca.  657- 
ca.  738),  an  English  missionary, 
later,  Bishop  of  Utrecht:  his  efforts 
among  the  Frisons,  13,  15;  the  mis- 
sion of,  16,  25 

Willekens,  Jacob  (early  17th  century), 
a  Dutch  admiral:  conquers  San  Sal- 
vador, 8,  460,  20,  59 

Willi  (d.  1804),  a  Swiss  insurgent: 
leads  insurrection,  13,  520 

William  (I)  the  Conqueror,  King  of 
England,  1066-1087:  born  at  Falaise, 
Normandy,  in  1025;  was  educated  at 
the  court  of  King  Henry  I  of 
France,  succeeded  his  father  in  1035, 
as  William  II  of  Normandy;  Wil- 
liam resolved  to  invade  England,  he 
landed  at  Pevensey,  in  Sussex,  about 
September  28  and  defeated  the  Eng- 
lish under  Harold,  King  of  England, 
near  Hastings,  on  October  14,  1066; 
was  crowned  King  of  England  at 
Westminster  Abbey  on  December 
25;  confiscated  the  estates  of  those 
partisans  of  Harold  who  had  been 
killed  at  Hastings  and  took  care  to 
place  all  real  power  in  the  hands  of 
the  Normans;  while  he  was  absent 
on  a  visit  to  Normandy,  in  1067, 
conspiracies  were  formed  against 
him;  he  returned   about  the  end  of 


1067  and  ordered  his  army  to  lay 
waste  by  fire  the  country  between 
the  Humber  and  the  Tees;  in  1068 
the  curfew  bell  was  introduced;  be- 
sides the  establishment  and  consoli- 
dation of  his  power  in  England  Wil- 
liam carried  on  a  series  of  wars  on 
the  continent  with  his  son,  with 
Brittany,  and  with  the  King  of 
France;  in  the  campaign  against 
France  he  was  injured  by  a  fall 
from  his  horse  at  Mantes-sur-Seine, 
was  brought  to  Rouen,  and  died 
there,  September  9,  1087 

Visits  England,  11,  62;  named  as 
successor  of  Eadward  the  Confes- 
sor, 62;  wins  battle  of  Val-es-dunes, 
62;  claims  the  English  crown,  64;  in- 
vades England,  65;  conquers  Eng- 
land, 9,  68,  12,  257;  receives  assist- 
ance from  Flanders,  13,  25;  corona- 
tion, 11,  68;  conquest  of  the  west 
and  north,  72;  invades  Scotland,  73; 
refuses  obedience  to  Pope  Gregory, 
77;  orders  the  compilation  of  the 
Domesday  Book,  79;  Svend  Estrid- 
sen  demands  tribute  of,  16,  68; 
erects  Palatinate  of  Durham,  23,  68; 
protects  the  Jews,  1,  419;  death,  11, 
81 

William  (II)  Rufus  (1056-1100),  King 
of  England,  1087-1100:  character 
and  reign  of,  11,  82;  refuses  to 
acknowledge  papal  supremacy,  85; 
at  war  with  his  brother  Henry,  86; 
his  relations  with  Scotland,  12,  258; 
death  of,  11,  87 

William  (III)  of  Orange,  King  of 
England,  1689-1702:  born  at  The 
Hague,  November  4th  or  14th,  1650; 
in  1672,  when  France  and  England 
attacked  The  Netherlands,  William 
was  made  stadtholder  and  comman- 
der-in-chief and  by  his  military  and 
diplomatic  talents  he  freed  the  coun- 
try from  the  grasp  of  Louis  XIV; 
in  1677,  he  married  Mary,  a  daughter 
of  James,  Duke  of  York,  afterwards 
James  II  of  England;  in  1688,  he 
was  invited  by  a  large  number  of 
the  most  prominent  men  in  England 
to  come  with  an  army  for  the  de- 


766 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


fense  of  liberty  and  the  Protestant 
religion  in  England;  in  November, 
1688,  he  landed  at  Torbay,  with  an 
army  of  about  14,000  men;  he  was 
joined  by  numerous  peers,  and  was 
favored  by  a  general  defection  in 
the  army  of  King  James,  who  threw 
the  great  seal  into  the  Thames  and 
absconded  on  December  11,  1688; 
the  revolution  was  thus  accom- 
plished without  much  bloodshed;  he 
called  a  convention,  composed  of 
peers,  and  the  surviving  members  of 
the  former  House  of  Commons, 
which,  in  February,  1689,  voted 
that  James  had  abdicated  and  that 
William  and  Mary  should  be  de- 
clared King  and  Queen  of  England; 
in  May,  1689,  he  declared  war 
against  the  King  of  France;  on  July 
I,  1690,  he  gained  a  decisive  victory 
over  the  French  and  Irish  at  the  fa- 
mous battle  of  the  Boyne,  and  de- 
feated the  French  at  La  Hogue; 
was  defeated  at  Steenkerke,  August, 
1692;  England  had  just  determined 
and  publicly  announced  that  it 
would  take  part  in  the  Spanish  war 
of  succession  when  William  died  at 
Kensington,  March  8,  1702,  in  conse- 
quence of  a  fall  from  his  horse 

Birth  of,  13,  228;  placed  at  the 
head  of  affairs  in  the  Dutch  Repub- 
lic, 236;  his  connection  with  the 
death  of  the  De  Witts,  238  note;  his 
relations  with  Louis  XIV  of  France, 
242;  his  campaigns  against  the 
French,  9,  210;  marries  Mary, 
daughter  of  James,  11,  404,  13,  241; 
invited  to  England,  II,  428;  be- 
comes leader  of  the  League  of 
Augsburg,  9,  217;  accession  of, 
to  English  throne,  11,  431,  12, 
132,  350,  13,  244,  23,  72,  157; 
reign  of,  II,  435;  his  campaign  in 
Ireland,  12,  141;  proclaimed  in  New 
York,  23,  105;  unfavorable  to  Lord 
Baltimore,  72;  condition  of  the 
colonies  under,  20,  89,  23,  93,  101; 
his  relations  with  Peter  the  Great, 
15,  33,  35,  73;  aids  Sweden,  16,  215; 
death  of,  11,  451,  13,  247 


William  IV  (1765-1837),  King  or 
Great  Britain,  1830-1837,  called  The 
Sailor  King:  reign  of,  11,  585;  death 
of,  595 

William  I,  King  of  Prussia,  1861-1888, 
and  Emperor  of  Germany,  1871- 
1888:  born  March  22,  1807,  in  Ber- 
lin, son  of  Frederick  William  III  of 
Prussia;  married,  in  1829,  Maria 
Louisa  Augusta,  daughter  of  the 
Duke  of  Saxe-Weimar;  in  1848  he 
was  compelled  to  leave  the  country 
and  go  to  England;  commanded  the 
army  which  suppressed  the  insur- 
rection in  Baden  in  1849;  ascended 
the  Prussian  throne  on  the  death  of 
his  brother  Frederick  William  IV, 
January,  1861;  in  1864  King  William 
united  with  the  Emperor  of  Austria 
in  an  aggressive  war  against  Den- 
mark and  in  1866  victories  were  won 
over  Austria  and  her  German  allies; 
placed  himself  at  the  head  of  the 
newly  formed  North  German  Union; 
the  greatest  glory  was  gained  by  the 
king  in  the  war  with  France  (1870- 
1871);  the  alliance  of  the  German 
States  in  this  war  led  to  the  per- 
manent union  known  as  the  Empire 
of  Germany,  with  William  as  the 
first  emperor;  he  was  proclaimed 
Emperor  from  the  palace  of  the 
French  kings  at  Versailles,  January 
18,  1871;  the  remainder  of  his  reign 
was  peaceful;  he  died  at  Berlin, 
March  9,   1888 

Regency  of,  18,  404;  reign  of,  405; 
German  policy  of,  17,  390;  at  the 
battle  of  Sadowa,  392;  condition  of 
Jews  under,  1,  423 

William    II    (1859 ),    Emperor   of 

Germany,    1888 :    accession    of, 

18,  437;  reign  of,  449;  visits  Japan, 
7,  191;  his  policy  in  the  Eastern 
Question,  14,  508 

William  (I)  Frederick  (1 772-1 843), 
King  of  Holland,  1815-1840:  pro- 
claimed, 13,  272;  reign  of,  279;  ab- 
dication of,  313 

William  II  (1792-1849),  King  of  Hol- 
land, 1840-1849:  in  the  Waterloo 
campaign,     13,     287,     289;     in     the 


GENERAL    INDEX 


767 


Belgian    Revolution,   296;   reign   of, 

313 

William  III  (1817-1890),  King  of  Hol- 
land, 1849-1890:  reign  of,  13,  314 

William  (I)  the  Silent,  Prince  of 
Orange,  and  Nassau,  called  The 
High-born  Demosthenes:  born  at 
Dillenburg,  in  Nassau,  April  14, 
1533;  in  J544  ne  inherited  from  his 
cousin  the  principality  of  Orange  in 
Provence,  whence  he  derived  the 
title  of  Prince  of  Orange;  he  was 
educated  as  a  Protestant  by  his  par- 
ents, but  about  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
became  a  page  of  the  Emperor 
Charles  V,  who  quickly  discerned 
his  excellent  qualities  and  admitted 
him  into  his  secret  councils;  Charles 
appointed  him  general-in-chief  of 
the  army  in  1554  and  leaned  on  his 
shoulder  at  the  ceremony  of  his 
own  abdication  in  I5SS;  William  was 
one  of  the  hostages  given  by  Philip 
II  of  Spain  to  Henry  II  of  France, 
in  1559  for  the  execution  of  the 
Treaty  of  Cateau-Cambresis;  Henry 
II,  in  conversation  with  his 
hostage  (whom  he  supposed  to  be  a 
Catholic  and  to  be  privy  to  the  se- 
crets of  the  Spanish  court)  impru- 
dently revealed  to  him  a  plot  which 
those  two  kings  had  formed  to  mas- 
sacre all  their  Protestant  subjects; 
he  received  the  surname  of  "  The 
Silent "  from  the  manner  in  which 
he  received  these  communications 
from  Henry  without  revealing  by 
look  or  word  the  enormous  blunder 
which  had  been  committed;  as  gov- 
ernor of  Holland  and  Zealand  he  re- 
fused in  1564  to  allow  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Spanish  Inquisition  in 
these  provinces;  a  mutual  but  dis- 
sembled enmity  existed  between  him 
and  Philip  II;  in  1566  a  great  insur- 
rection was  provoked  by  the  attempt 
of  Philip  to  establish  the  Inquisition 
in  all  its  rigor  in  The  Netherlands; 
William  refused  to  take  a  new  oath 
of  unlimited  obedience  and  offered 
to  resign  all  his  offices  in  1567; 
when   Philip   II    sent   the   Duke   of 


Alva  as  governor-general  to  The 
Netherlands,  with  a  large  Spanish 
army,  William  resigned  and  retired 
with  his  family  to  Germany;  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1568,  a  sentence  of  the  In- 
quisition condemned  to  death  as 
heretics  all  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Netherlands,  with  a  few  exceptions; 
in  1568  William  entered  Brabant 
with  a  large  army  and  offered  battle 
to  Alva,  who  declined  to  fight;  he 
founded  a  famous  republic  by  the 
union  of  the  seven  Protestant  prov- 
inces of  Holland,  Zealand,  Utrecht, 
Friesland,  Groningen,  Overyssel, 
and  Guelderland,  in  1579,  and  was 
chosen  Stadtholder;  was  assassinat- 
ed  at   Delft,    Netherlands,   July   10, 

1584 

Sketch  of,  13,  79;  pays  his  re- 
spects to  Philip  II  of  Spain,  73;  per- 
mits no  persecutions  in  his  prov- 
inces, J7;  opposes  policy  of  Philip 
II  of  Spain,  78;  attempts  to  gain 
the  regency  of  the  Low  Countries, 
8,  357;  joins  confederates,  13,  89; 
sent  to  Antwerp,  92;  exiles  himself, 
102;  summoned  before  the  Council 
of  Blood,  107;  heads  rebellion,  108; 
campaigns  of,  8,  359;  made  governor 
of  the  Low  Countries,  360;  attempt- 
ed assassination  of,  13,  135;  death 
of,  8,  361,  n,  293,  13,  142 

William  (II)  of  Nassau,  Prince  of 
Orange,  1626-1650:  betrothed  to 
Mary  II  of  England,  13,  213;  be- 
comes Prince  of  Orange,  217;  sketch 
of,  225;  death  of,  228 

William  (III)  of  Nassau,  Prince  of 
Orange:  see  William  (III)  of 
Orange,  King  of  England 

William  (IV)  Charles  Henry  Friso 
(1711-1751),  Prince  of  Orange: 
marries  Princess  Anne  of  England, 
13,  254;  made  stadtholder  of  all  the 
provinces,  255;  death  of,  256 

William  V  (1748-1806),  Prince  of 
Orange:  accession  of,  13,  256;  his 
campaign  against  France,  9,  286;  re- 
signs his  powers,  13,  265 

William  the  Lion  (d.  1214),  King  of 
Scotland,    1165-1214:    reign    of,    12, 


768 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


266;  aids  the  revolt  of  the  English 
barons,  11,  108;  released  from  doing 
homage  to  English  king,  112 

William  (I)  the  Bad,  King  of  Sicily, 
1154-1166:  reign  of,  4,  196 

William  (II)  the  Good,  King  of  Sicily, 
1166-1189:  reign  of,  4,  196 

William  X  (d.  1137),  Duke  of  Aqui- 
taine  and  Count  of  Poitou:  supports 
claims  of  Geoffrey  Plantagenet,  9, 
72 

William  I,  Duke  of  Austria,  1395-1411: 
reign  of,  17,  105,  106 

William  (17th  century),  Landgrave  of 
Hesse-Cassel:  unites  with  Gustavus 
Adolphus,  18,  280;  defeats  the  im- 
perialists, 285 

William  IV  (d.  1345),  Count  of  Hol- 
land and  Hainault,  1337-1345:  aids 
John  the  Pitiless,  13,  38 

William  (late  13th  century),  Marquise 
of  Montferrat:  war  with  Amadeus 
V  of  Savoy,  4,  274 

William  (17th  century),  Count  of 
Nassau,  nephew  of  William  of 
Orange:  his  expedition  against 
Cadiz,  13,  163;  his  campaign 
against  the  Spanish,  210 

William  (1783-1851),  Prince  of  Prus- 
sia: his  campaign  against  Napoleon, 
9,  346 

William  IV  (d.  1127),  Count  of  Upper 
Burgundy:  death  of,  13,  348 

William  (13th  century),  Bishop  of 
Valence:  his  influence  over  Henry 
III  of  England,  11,   134 

William,  The  People's:  see  Gladstone, 
William  Ewart 

William  Longsword,  Duke  of  Nor- 
mandy, 927-943:  invites  Louis  IV  to 
come  to  France,  9,  55;  death  of,  9, 
56 

William  Longsword  (12th  century),  an 
English  crusader:  at  siege  of  Lis- 
bon,  8,  275 

William  of  Holland  (ca.  1227-1256), 
titular  King  of  Germany:  his  strug- 
gles for  the  throne,  18,  167,  168 

William  of  Lobkovitz:  see  Lobkovitz, 
William  of 

William    of    Longchamps    (late    12th 


century),  Bishop  of  Ely:  appointed 
Justiciar,  11,  112;  driven  from  Eng- 
land, 113 

William  of  Malmesbury  (ca.  1095- 
1142),  an  English  historian  and 
monk:    work  of,  n,  92 

William  of  Nassau,  Prince  of  Orange: 
see  William  (I)  the  Silent 

William  of  Newburgh  (b.  1136),  an 
English  chronicler:  English  his- 
torian, 11,  116 

William  of  Slavata:  see  Slavata,  Wil- 
liam of 

William  of  Wykeham,  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester: see  Wykeham,  William  of 

William  Shortnose  (late  8th  century), 
Duke  of  Toulouse:  appointed  guard- 
ian of  Louis  the  Pious,  9,  43 

William  the  Marshal  (d.  1219),  Earl  of 
Pembroke:  appointed  guardian  of 
Henry  III  of  England,  11,  130;  de- 
feats Louis  at  Lincoln,  130 

William  and  Mary  College,  Williams- 
burg, Virginia:  founded,  23,  141; 
graduates  of,  in  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, 323 

William  Frederick  (17th  century), 
Count  of  Nassau:  becomes  stadt- 
holder  of  Friesland  (1640),  13,  213; 
attempts  to  seize  Amsterdam,  227 

William  Henry,  Fort,  an  English  fort 
on  Lake  George,  New  York:  cap- 
tured by  the  French,  23,  186 

William  von  Hochberg  (15th  century), 
an  Austrian  governor  of  Zurich: 
made  governor,  13,  400 

Williams,  Captain  (late  16th  century), 
an  Irish  soldier:  defends  Portmore, 
12,  96 

Williams,  Mrs.  (d.  1704),  the  wife  of 
John  Williams,  a  New  England 
clergyman:  captivity  among  Indians, 
23,  160 

Williams,  Sir  Charles  Hanbury  (1709- 
I7S9)>  an  English  writer  and  diplo- 
mat: negotiates  a  convention  with 
Russia,  15,  142;  intrigues  of,  144;  re- 
called, 147 

Williams,  David  (1754-1831),  an 
American  Revolutionary  soldier: 
aids  in  capture  of  Andre,  23,  277 


GENERAL    INDEX 


769 


Williams,  Ephraim  (1715-1755),  an 
American  military  officer:  in  the 
French  and  Indian  Wars,  23,  183 

Williams,  George   Henry   (1823 ), 

an  American  jurist  and  politician: 
in  Joint  High  Commission,  24,  883 

Williams,  James  (1740- 1780),  an 
American  Revolutionary  soldier: 
killed  at  battle  of  King's  Mountain, 
23,  279 

Williams,  John  (1582-1650),  Arch- 
bishop of  York:  impeached,  XI,  343 

Williams,  John  Sharp   (1854 ),  an 

American  lawyer  and  politician:  in 
Democratic  convention  (1904),  24, 
1064 

Williams,  Roger,  founder  of  the  State 
of  Rhode  Island:  born  in  London, 
England,  in  1607  (or  1599);  studied 
at  Sutton's  Hospital  (later  the  Char- 
ter-House School)  and  graduated  at 
Pembroke  College,  Cambridge,  Jan- 
uary, 1626;  became  master  of  several 
ancient  languages  and  was  ordained 
a  minister  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land; in  1631  he  emigrated  to  Mas- 
sachusetts in  search  of  religious  lib- 
erty and  preached  for  a  short  time 
at'  Salem;  but  was  banished  from 
the  colony  in  1635  on  account  of  his 
doctrines;  was  censured  by  the 
court  because  he  taught  that  magis- 
trates should  not  punish  the  breach 
of  the  Sabbath  or  dictate  on  the  sub- 
ject of  worship;  founded  the  city  of 
Providence,  1636,  and  there  opened 
an  asylum  in  which  men  of  all 
creeds  might  enjoy  full  religious  lib- 
erty; it  is  stated  he  became  a  Bap- 
tist in  1639,  but  that  he  soon  began 
to  doubt  the  validity  of  baptism; 
made  a  voyage  to  England,  1643; 
obtained  a  charter  for  the  new  col- 
ony, and  returned  in  1644;  after  a 
second  voyage  to  England,  he  was 
elected  President  of  Rhode  Island, 
in  1654;  lived  in  peace  and  amity 
with  the  Indians,  over  whom  he  ac- 
quired much  influence;  in  1657, 
ceased  to  be  president  of  the  col- 
ony; died  at  Providence,  March  or 
April,  1684 


Sketch  of,  23,  89;  founds  Provi- 
dence, 94;  early  colonial  author,  142 

Williams,  Sir  William  Fenwick  (1800- 
1883),  an  English  military  offi- 
cer: his  defense  of  Kars,  15,  314, 
322 

Williams  College,  an  institution  of 
learning  at  Williamstown,  Massa- 
chusetts: founded,  23,  183 

Williamsburg,  Virginia:  reached  by 
Washington  on  return  from  Fort 
le  Boeuf,  23,  171;  battle  of  (1862), 
24,  758 

Willibrod:  see  Willebrod 

Willigis  (975-101 1),  Archbishop  of 
Mayence:  aids  Theophania,   18,  118 

Willis  (late  18th  century),  an  English 
physician:   attends    George   III,   11, 

531 

Willis,  Albert  L.  (19th  century), 
United  States  minister  to  Hawaii 
(1893):  appointed,  24,  998 

Willis,  Nathaniel  Parker  (1 806-1 867), 
an  American  poet  and  author:  in 
American  literature,  23,  481 

Willis  Creek,  a  small  river  in  western 
Pennsylvania,  United  States:  Wash- 
ington withdraws  to,  23,  173 

Willisen,  Wilhelm  (1 790-1 879),  a  Prus- 
sian general  and  military  writer:  in 
the  Slesvig-Holstein  War,  16,  272 

Willoughby,  Sir  Hugh  (d.  1554), 
searches  for  the  Northeast  Passage, 
5,   156,   16,  300 

Wilmanstrand  (Wilmanstand),  Rus- 
sia: battle  of  (1741),  15,  131 

Wilmington,  a  city  in  North  Carolina: 
taken,  24,  809 

Wilmington,  Earl  of:  see  Compton, 
Spencer 

Wilmot,  David  (1814-1868),  an  Ameri- 
can legislator:  proposes  the  Wilmot 
Proviso,  24,  551 

Wilmot  Proviso,  in  United  States  his- 
tory, a  proviso  added  to  the  bill  for 
the  purchase  of  Mexican  territory 
(1846):  proposed,  24,  551;  effect  on 
South,   594;    Lincoln  votes    for,  666 

Wilna  (Vilna),  Russia:  battle  of 
(1389),  18,  199 

Wilson,  Henry  (1812-1875),  an  Ameri- 
can statesman:   member  of   Buffalo 


770 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


convention  (1848),  24,  558;  nominat- 
ed for  Vice-President  (1872),  891 

Wilson,  James  (1742-1798),  an  Ameri- 
can patriot  and  jurist:  in  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  23,  324;  wins 
ratification  of  Constitution  in  Penn- 
sylvania, 335;  absent  from  first  Con- 
gress, 343 

Wilson,  James  (1805-1860),  a  British 
economist:  financial  member  of  the 
Indian  council,  5,  243 

Wilson,  Sir  Robert  Thomas  (1777- 
1849),  an  English  soldier  and  au- 
thor: with  the  Russian  army,  15, 
235,  246,  259 

Wilson,  T.  F.  (d.  1886),  an  English 
official  in  India:  becomes  military 
member  of  the  governor-general's 
council,  5,  261 

Wilson,    William    L.    (1843 ),    an 

American  statesman:  Postmaster- 
General,  24,  993  note;  introduces 
a   bill   to   change   McKinley   Tariff, 

995 

Wilson  Scandal,  The,  the  discovery  of 
the  sale  of  state  offices  in  France 
(1887),  9,  484 

Wilson  Tariff  Law,  a  tariff  bill  passed 
by  the  United  States  Congress 
(1894):  passed,  24,  995 

Wilson's  Creek,  a  small  river  in  Mis- 
souri: battle  of  (1861),  24,  739 

Wilton,  Lord  Arthur  Grey  of:  see 
Grey  of  Wilton,  Lord  Arthur 

Wimpfen,  Germany:  battle  of  (1622), 
18,  272 

Wimpfen,  Baron  Felix  de  (1744-1814), 
a  French  soldier:  leads  army  of  in- 
surrectionists, 9,  285 

Wimpffen,  Emmanuel  Felix  de  (181 1- 
1884),  a  French  soldier:  in  the  Fran- 
co-Prussian War,  9,  465,  18,  423 

Winceby,  England:  battle  of  (1643), 
11,  348 

Winchelsey  (late  13th  century),  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury:  refuses  to  al- 
low taxation  of  clergy,  11,  149 

Winchester,  England :  founding  of  first 
great  public  school  in  England  at, 
11,  170 

Winchester,  Virginia:  occupied  by 
Johnston,  24,  734;  battle  of  (1864), 


760;  Sheridan's  ride  from,  793;  po- 
litical effect  of  victory  at,  801 

Winchester,  James  (1752-1826),  an 
American  general:  defeated  at  River 
Raisin,  23,  424 

Winder,  William  H.  (1775-1824),  an 
American  lawyer  and  general:  fails 
to  defend  Washington,  23,  426 

Windham,  Thomas  (16th  century),  an 
English  voyager:  his  voyages  to 
Africa,  19,  28 

Windischgratz,  Count,  a  contemporary 
Austrian  statesman:  his  administra- 
tion as  premier  of  Austria,  17,  432 

Windischgratz,  Alfred  Candidus  Fer- 
dinand, Prince  of  (1787-1862),  an 
Austrian  field-marshal:  campaigns 
of,  18,  401;  in  the  Hungarian  insur- 
rection, 15,  300;  enters  Vienna,  17, 
370;  enters  Presburg,  371;  his  cam- 
paign against  Vienna,  376 

Windom,  William  (1827-1891),  an 
American  politician  and  financier:  in 
Garfield's  cabinet,  24,  932  note;  in- 
vestigates charges  against  the  rail- 
ways, 956 

Windsor,  Connecticut:  founded,  23, 
92 

Windthorst,  Ludwig  (1812-1891),  a 
German  statesman  and  lawyer:  leads 
the  Clericals,  18,  439 

Windward  Islands,  a  group  of  islands 
in  the  West  Indies:  government  of, 
20,  246 

Winfield,  a  battlefield  in  Germany: 
battle  of  (9  A.  D.),  18,  19 

Wing,  Simon  (19th  century),  Ameri- 
can politician:  nominated  for  Presi- 
dent (1892),  24,  991 

Winifred:  see  Boniface 

Winkelried,  Arnold  of  (d.  1386),  a 
Swiss  patriot:  legend  of,  13,  381;  at 
the  battle  of  Sempach,  18,  197 

"Winning  of  the  West,"  a  book  by 
Theodore  Roosevelt:  published,  24, 
1069 

Winnington   Bridge,    England:   battle 

of  (1659),  «,  374 
Winslow,      Josiah      (1629-1680),      an 

American  colonial  governor:  expels 

Acadians,  23,  180 
Winter,    Sir   James   Spearman   (1845- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


771 


),  a  Canadian  statesman:  fall  of 

his  ministry,  20,   178 

Winter,  Jan  Willem  de  (1761-1812),  a 
Dutch  admiral  and  diplomat:  com- 
mands expedition  for  invasion  of 
Ireland,  12,  208;  at  the  battle  of 
Camperdown,   13,   266 

Winter  King,  The:  see  Frederick  V, 
Count  Palatine  and  King  of  Bo- 
hemia 

Winterfeldt,  Baron  de  (18th  century), 
a  Prussian  diplomat:  mission  of,  15, 

135 

Winterthur,  Switzerland:  battles  of 
(919  A.  D.),  13,  344;  (1292),  3&3 

Winthrop,  John  (1588-1649),  an 
American  colonial  governor:  re- 
moves colony  to  Boston  Harbor, 
23,  88;  disputes  over  rights  of  colo- 
nists, 88;  sent  to  England,  93;  early 
colonial  author,  142 

Winthrop,  John  (1 606-1676),  an 
American  colonial  governor,  a  son 
of  the  preceding:  founds  Saybrook, 

23,  92 

Winthrop,  Robert  Charles  (1 809-1 894), 
an  American  statesman  and  orator: 
opposed  for  Speaker  of  House,  24, 
598;  at  centennial  of  Cornwallis's 
surrender,  940 

Winton,  Sir  Francis  de  (19th  century), 
an  Anglo-African  statesman:  suc- 
ceeds Stanley  in  Africa,  70;  gov- 
ernor of  the  International  Congo 
Association,  116 

Wintzenrode  (Wintzingerode),  Count 
Ferdinand  (1770-18 18),  a  German 
officer:  campaigns  of,  15,  214 

Winwaed,  a  river  in  England:  battle  of 
the  (655  A.  D.),  11,  35 

Winwood,  Sir  Ralph  (ca.  1564-1617), 
an  English  diplomat  and  statesman: 
represents  England  at  the  Hague 
peace  commission  (1607),  13,  186 

Wirt,  William  (1 772-1834),  American 
lawyer  and  author:  nominated  for 
President,  23,  498;  quoted  on  Jack- 
son's popularity,  499 

Wisby  (Visby),  Sweden:  captured  by 
Valdemar  IV  (1361),  16,  115 

Wischart:  see  Wishart 


Wisconsin,  a  state  of  the  United 
States,  means  "  a  wild,  rushing 
river,"  called  The  Badger  State: 
mounds  of  the  Mound  Builders  in, 
23,  5;  part  of  Massachusetts,  317; 
Presidential  election  of  1892,  24, 
992 

Wise,  Henry  Alexander  (1806-1876), 
an  American  politician:  opposes 
Slade  in  Congress,  24,  578 

Wishart  (Wischart),  George  (d.  1546), 
a  Scottish  Protestant  reformer:  mar- 
tyrdom of,  12,  307 

Wisniowiecki,  Michael  (18th  century), 
a  Lithuanian  statesman:  supports 
Augustus  III  of  Poland,  15,  118 

Wissmann,  Hermann  von  (1853 ), 

a  German  explorer  and  East  Af- 
rican governor:  explorations  of,  19, 
90;  appointed  Imperial  Commission- 
er in  East  Africa,  141 

Witchcraft:  made  capital  offense  by 
"Body  of  Liberties";  persecutions 
at  Salem,  23,  91 

Witekind:  see  Witikind 

Witenagemot,  in  English  history,  an 
assembly  of  bishops  and  warriors: 
consulted  by  yElfred  the  Great,  II, 
44;  powers  of,  54;  changes  in,  under 
William  the  Conqueror,  80 

Witepsk,  Russia:  battle  of  (1812),  10, 

48S 

Witeric  (7th  century),  King  of  the 
Goths:  reign  of,  8,  43 

Witherspoon,  John  (1722-1794),  an 
American  divine:  British  soldiers 
pillage  house  of,  23,  250 

Witikind  (Witekind),  a  Saxon  histo- 
rian and  monk:  sketch  of,  13,  15 

Witiza,  King  of  the  Goths,  ca.  701- 
708:  reign  of,  8,  46 

Witold  (Witwald)  (d.  1430),  Prince  of 
Lithuania:  seeks  alliance  with  the 
Hussites,   18,   208 

Witt,  John  de  (1625-1672),  a  Dutch 
statesman:  grand  pensionary  of 
Holland,  13,  231;  leader  of  the 
Triple  Alliance,  9,  209;  advocates 
colonial  enterprise,  20,  65;  death  of, 
13,  238 

Witte,  Cornelius  de  (d.  1672),  a  Dutch 


772 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


naval  officer  and  statesman:  relieves 
Copenhagen,  16,  209;  arrest  of,  13, 
226;  death  of,  238 

Witte,  Count  Sergei  Yulievitch  (1840- 
),  a  Russian  statesman:  organ- 
izes the  exposition  of  all  the  Rus- 
sias,  15,  347;  his  plans  for  indus- 
trial improvements,  352;  completes 
the  Trans-Siberian  railroad,  355; 
promotion  of,  358;  at  the  Ports- 
mouth Conference,  7,  317,  15,  364; 
appointed  premier,  365 

Wittekind  (Witikind)  (d.  807  A.  D.), 
chief  of  the  Saxons:  his  campaigns 
against  Charlemagne,  18,  80 

Wittenbach,  Thomas  (15th  century),  a 
Swiss  scholar:  sketch  of,  13,  428; 
attacks  existing  institutions,  432 

Wittenberg,  Prussia:  defended  by- 
Sibylla,  18,  256 

■Wittenberg,  The  Monk  of:  see  Luther, 
Martin 

Wittenberg,  University  of,  a  univer- 
sity at  Wittenberg,  Prussia:  found- 
ed, 18,  234 

Wittenhorst,  van  (early  17th  century), 
a  Dutch  diplomat:  negotiates  treaty 
with  the  estates  of  the  Netherlands, 
13,  184 

Wittgenstein,  Ludwig  Adolf  Peter, 
Prince  of  Sayn-Wittgenstein-Lud- 
wigsburg  (1769-1843),  a  German 
military  commander:  his  campaign 
against  Napoleon,  9,  342,  15,  219; 
his  campaign  against  Turkey,  15, 
278 

Witthoeft,  contemporary  Russian  rear- 
admiral:  his  services  in  the  Russo- 
Japanese  War,  7,  308 

Wittstock,  Prussia:  battle  of  (1636), 
16,  186 

Witwald:  see  Witold 

Witwatersrand,  South  Africa:  discov- 
ery of  gold  at,  19,  275 

Wodnesbeorh:  see  Wanborough 

Woerth:  see  Worth 

Wogastiburg,  Bohemia:  battle  of 
(630  A.  D.),  17,  20 

Wohlegemuth  (late  19th  century),  a 
German  police  officer:  his  mission 
to  Switzerland,  13,  590 


Wohlenswil  (Wohlenschwyl),  Switz- 
erland: battle  of  (1653),  13,  473 

Wolf  II  (8th  century),  King  of  the 
Basques:  at  war  with  Charlemagne, 

9.  42 

Wolf  (Wolff),  Karl  Hermann   (1862- 

),    an    Austrian    politician:    his 

duel  with  Badeni,  17,  435 

Wolf  of  America,  The:  see  Montgom- 
ery, Richard 

Wolfe,  James,  English  military  offi- 
cer: born  at  Wester  ham,  Kent, 
England,  January  15,  1726;  entered 
the  army  as  second  lieutenant  at  an 
early  age;  served  with  great  dis- 
tinction in  Germany  in  the  early 
campaigns  of  the  Seven  Years' War; 
commanded  a  regiment  in  the  High- 
lands of  Scotland,  1749-1754;  quar- 
termaster-general in  the  expedition 
against  Rochefort,  1757;  and  briga- 
dier-general in  the  expedition 
against  Louisburg,  1758;  major-gen- 
eral and  placed  in  command  of  an 
expedition  for  the  conquest  of  Can- 
ada, 1759;  arrived  with  8,000  men  in 
the  St.  Lawrence  in  June;  was  re- 
pulsed by  Montcalm  in  a  first  at- 
tack July  31  and  fell  in  the  moment 
of  victory  in  the  battle  on  the  Plains 
of  Abraham,  September  13,  1759 

At  siege  of  Louisburg,  23,  188; 
at  the  battle  of  Quebec,  II,  500,  20, 
118,  23,  194;  death,  23,  196 

Wolfenbuttel,  Germany:  battle  of 
(1641),  9,  194 

Wolfe's  Cove,  an  inlet  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence River:  origin  of  name,  23,  195 

Wolfgang,  William  (early  17th  cen- 
tury), Count  Palatine  of  Neuburg: 
in  the  Succession  of  Cleves  dispute, 
18,  266 

Wolfram  of  Eschenbach  (early  13th 
century),  a  German  minnesinger: 
sketch  of,  18,   178 

Wolgast,  Prussia:  taken  by  the  Danes, 
18,  276 

Wollaston  (17th  century),  a  New 
England  colonist:  founds  commer- 
cial settlement,  23,  85 

Wollaston  Land,  a  region  in  the  arc- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


773 


tic  lands  of  North  America:  discov- 
ered, 16,  310 

Wolleb,  Heinrich  (d.  1499),  a  Swiss 
soldier:  at  the  battle  of  Frastenz, 
13,  418 

Wolleran,  Switzerland:  siege  of 
(1798),  13,  514 

Wolmar,  Livonia,  Russia:  battle  of 
(1219),  16,  86 

Wolseley,  Garnet  Joseph,  1st  Viscount 
Wolseley  (1833 ),  a  British  gen- 
eral: his  Egyptian  campaign,  I,  40, 
ii,  634 

Wolsey,  Thomas,  an  English  courtier 
and  cardinal,  called  the  Boy  Bache- 
lor and  the  Butcher's  Dog:  born 
at  Ipswich,  Suffolk,  England, 
March,  1471;  educated  at  Mag- 
dalene College,  Oxford,  where 
he  obtained  the  degree  of  B.A. 
at  the  early  age  of  fifteen;  was 
ordained  a  priest,  and  appointed  a 
chaplain  to  Henry  VII;  went  on  a 
mission  to  the  Emperor  Maximilian 
and  to  Scotland,  1508;  the  next  year 
went  on  a  similar  errand  and  for 
his  success  was  rewarded  with  the 
deanery  of  Lincoln;  Henry  VIII 
made  him  his  almoner  in  1509;  he 
became  Canon  of  Windsor,  151 1, 
Dean  of  York  and  Bishop  of  Tour- 
nay,  1513,  Bishop  of  Lincoln  in 
March,  1514,  Archbishop  of  York, 
1514,  Cardinal,  1515,  and  Lord  Chan- 
cellor of  England,  1515;  built  Hamp- 
ton Court,  founded  Christ  Church 
College  and  seven  lectureships  at 
Oxford;  aspired  to  the  papacy  and 
was  a  candidate  for  it  at  the  death 
of  Leo  X,  1522,  but  was  defeated; 
in  1523  he  was  appointed  legate  of 
the  Pope  for  life;  fortified  the 
king's  scruples  in  relation  to  his 
marriage  with  Queen  Catherine,  but 
lost  the  favor  of  Henry,  probably 
because  he  failed  to  gain  the  Pope's 
consent  to  the  divorce  of  Cather- 
ine; on  October  29,  1529,  the  great 
seal  was  taken  from  him  and  he 
was  dismissed  in  disgrace;  on  No- 
vember 4,  1530,  he  was  arrested  at 
Cawood  on  a  charge  of  high  trea- 


son; was  conducted  to  London  but 
on  the  way  fell  ill  and  died  at  Lei- 
cester Abbey,  November  29,  1530 

Plans  military  operations  against 
France,  11,  236;  made  Archbishop 
of  York,  237;  his  peace  policy,  237; 
contest  with  parliament,  241; 
schemes  for  the  papal  tiara,  241; 
asked  for  an  Amicable  Loan,  242; 
negotiates  treaty  with  France,  242; 
papal  legate,  243;  seduced  by  Fran- 
cis I  of  France,  9,  138;  aids  Em- 
peror Charles  V  against  Francis  I 
of  France,  13,  56;  sketch  of,  II, 
244;  decides  to  aid  Henry  VIII  to 
obtain  divorce  from  Catherine,  246; 
attempts  to  crush  French  influence 
in  Scotland,  12,  302;  fall  of,  11,  247 
Wolverines,  State  of:  see  Michigan 
Woman,  The  Dreadful:  see  Caroline, 

wife  of  George  IV  of  England 
Women,  Status  of: 

AMERICA:  status  of,  among  Az- 
tecs, 23,  7;  heard  by  proxy  in  In- 
dian councils,  13;  first  arrival  in 
American  colony,  62;  excluded  from 
colonial  colleges,  142 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  marriage 
made  a  civil  contract,  17,  267,  450 
BABYLONIA:  under  the  laws,  1, 
112 

CHINA:  condition  of  nobility,  6, 
229;  great  power  of  the  empress, 
280,  292,  300 

EGYPT:  in  early  times,  I,  59 
ENGLAND:    in    the    10th    century, 
11,  55;  lack  of  education  in  17th  cen- 
tury,   420;    labor    laws    (1842-1847), 
603 

FRANCE:  ancient  Gaul,  9,  5;  Salic 
Law  enforced  (1317),  90 
GERMANY:  in  early  times,  18,  4,  8 
GREECE:  in  Homeric  times,  2,  35, 
36;  in  Sparta  under  the  Lycurgan 
constitution,  67 

INDIA:  as  shown  in  the  Rig-Veda, 
5,  38;  in  the  primitive  tribes,  27,  29, 
30,  32,  75;  under  Buddhist  religion, 
66;  under  the  Vishnuite  doctrines, 
85;  suppression  of  widow-burning, 
213;  reform  of  social  evils  (1893), 
271 


774 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


IRELAND:  in  the  12th  century,  12, 

10,  14 

ITALY:  right  of  succession,  4,  196 

JAPAN:  in  Hei-an  Epoch,  7,  8,  45 

LYDIA:  the  Amazons,  1,   148 

MEXICO:    under    Montezuma,   22, 

88 

PERU:  in  Lima,  21,  214 

PHILIPPINES:   education   of,   20, 

369 

ROME:  in  ancient  times,  3,  II ;  in 
the  1st  century  B.  C,  248,  384; 
greater  emancipation,  384 
RUSSIA:  western  idea  introduced 
by  Peter,  15,  70;  18th  century,  162 
SPAIN:  in  early  times,  8,  5;  under 
the  Goths,  57 

SWEDEN:  laws  of  Erik,  16,  102 
SWITZERLAND:  marriage  and  di- 
vorce laws  (1874),  13,  570 

Wonderful  Parliament,  The,  the  name 
applied  to  the  English  Parliament 
of  1388,  ix,   181 

Wood  (early  18th  century),  an  Eng- 
lish explorer:  explorations  of,  21,  34 

Wood,  Charles,  Viscount  Halifax, 
(1800-1885),  an  English  statesman: 
president  of  the  board  of  control,  5, 
225;  his  estimate  of  the  Circassians, 

15,  331 

Wood,  Leonard  (i860 ),  an  Amer- 
ican soldier:  in  Santiago  campaign, 
24,  1029;  his  administration  in 
Cuba,  20,  329,  22,  464;  transfers 
government  of  Cuba  to  Cuban  au- 
thorities, 24,  1046;  made  military 
commander  of  Sulu,  20,  318 

Wooden  Nutmeg  State,  The:  see  Con- 
necticut 

Woodford,    Stewart    Lyndon    (1835- 

),  an  American  diplomat:  leaves 

Madrid,  22,  458,  24,   1025 

Woodruff,  Wilford,  a  contemporary 
Mormon  leader  in  the  United 
States:  issues  manifesto  respecting 
Mormon  polygamy,  24,  984 

Wood's  Half-pence,  copper  coins 
made  by  Wood  in  Ireland:  account 
of,  11,  477,  12,  172 

Woodville  (Wydeville),  Anthony:  see 
Rivers,  Earl  of 

Woodville,   Elizabeth    (d.    1488),   wife 


of  Edward  IV  of  England:  marries 
Edward  IV,  11,  215 

Wool,  John  Ellis  (1789-1869),  an 
American  general:  colonel  in  War 
of  1812,  23,  421;  in  the  Mexican 
War,  22,  289,  294,  24,  548,  549 

Woolman,  John  (1720-1772),  an  Amer- 
ican Quaker  preacher  and  philan- 
thropist: arouses  Quakers  against 
slavery,  23,  130 

Worcester,  England:  battle  of  (1651), 
11,  364,  12,  343 

Worcester,  Marquis  of:  see  Somerset, 
Edward 

Worcester,  Dean  Conant  (1866 ), 

an  American  scientist:  member  of 
the  Philippine  commission,  24,  1042 

Worcester,  Thomas  Percy,  Earl  of: 
see  Percy,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Wor- 
cester 

Worden,  John  Lorimer  (1818-1897),  an 
American  naval  commander:  com- 
mands the  "  Monitor,"  24,  756 

Wordsworth,  William  (1770-1850),  an 
English  poet:   sketch  of,  11,  577 

World,  The  Light  of  the:  see  Sigis- 
mund,   Holy  Roman   Emperor 

World's  Columbian  Exposition:  see 
Columbian  Exposition,  World's 

Worms,  Germany:  a  member  of  the 
Union  of  Rhenish  Cities,  18,  174; 
battle  of  (1388),  197;  Jews  expelled 
from,  1,  423;  taken  by  the  French 
(1792),  18,  356 

Worms,  Concordat  of,  the  agreement 
settling  the  dispute  between  the 
Emperor  and  the  Pope  about  the 
right  of  investiture  of  the  bishops 
(1122),  18,   141 

Worms,  Diets  of:  (1495),  18,  226; 
(1521),  13,  55,  18,  240,  241 

Worms,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  concluded 
by  Maria  Theresa  of  Austria  with 
England  and  Sardinia  (1743),  9,  238 

Worth,  Alsace:  battle  of  (1870),  9, 
464,  18,  421 

Worth,  William  Jenkins  (1794-1849), 
an  American  general:  at  the  siege 
of  Mexico,  22,  363 

Wrangel  (18th  century),  a  Swedish 
general:  defeated  at  Wilmanstrand, 
15,  131 


GENERAL    INDEX 


775 


Wrangel,  Count  Friedrich  Heinrich 
Ernst  (1784-1877),  a  Prussian  sol- 
dier: in  the  Slesvig-Holstein  con- 
troversy, 16,  270 

Wrangel,  Herman  (1587-1635),  a 
Swedish  general:  in  the  war  with 
the  Dutch,  13,  232 

Wrangel,  Count  Karl  Gustaf  (1613- 
1676),  a  Swedish  soldier:  in  the 
Thirty  Years'  War,  16,  188,  18,  292 

Wrangell,  Baron  Ferdinand  Petrovich 
von  (1796-1870),  a  Russian  vice-ad- 
miral and  explorer:  explorations  of, 
16,  317 

Wreckers,  a  Protestant  secret  society 
in  Ireland,  12,  196 

Wrede,  Prince  Karl  Philipp  (1767- 
1838),  a  Bavarian  soldier:  at  the 
battle  of  Hanau,  18,  385 

Wren  (18th  century),  an  English  cap- 
tain: restores  the  English  in  St. 
Christopher,  20,  76 

Wren,  Sir  Christopher  (1632-1723),  an 
English  architect:  rebuilds  St. 
Paul's,  11,  419 

Wright,  Silas  (1795-1847),  an  Amer- 
ican politician:  defeated  for  govern- 
orship of  New  York,  24,  555 

Writing: 

AMERICA:  Indian  pictures,  23,  12 
ASSYRIA:    a    Sumerian    invention, 

I,  105 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:  among  the 
early  Slavs,  17,  26 
CHINA:  designed  by  Fuhsi,  6,  5,  19 
EGYPT:  cuneiform  on  tablets  of 
clay,  1,  24;  the  demotic  form,  31; 
system  of  survivals,  56 
FRANCE:  Greek  alphabet  intro- 
duced, 9,  4 

GERMANY:  improved  under  Char- 
lemagne, 18,  86 

GREECE:  in  earliest  times,  2,  22; 
alphabet  introduced  by  the  Phoeni- 
cians, 27;  Cretan  script,  27;  Cypriot 
syllabary,  27,  56 

HITTITES:  hieroglyphic  form,  I, 
143-  151 

INDIA:  two  systems  (250  B.  C),  5, 
47 

IRELAND:  early  manuscripts,  12, 
6 


JAPAN:   from  the    Chinese,   7,    16, 

18;  reform  in  syllabaries,  42 

MEXICO:   Aztec   pictures,   22,    15, 

75,  88,  23,  7 

PHOENICIA:    introduction    of   the 

alphabet,  1,  120,  2,  27 

RUSSIA:  reforms  of  Peter,  15,  86 

SCANDINAVIA:  runic  characters, 

16,  9 

SWITZERLAND:  cultivated  as  an 

art  at  St.  Gall,  13,  343 

Wu,  Empress  of  China,  684-710:  reign 
of,  6,  15 

Wu  Sankwei  (d.  1678),  a  Chinese  gen- 
eral: account  of,  6,  49;  in  command 
at  Ningyuan,  51;  avenges  his  slave 
girl,  52;  defeats  the  rebel  Li,  53; 
pursues  Kwei  Wang  into  Burma, 
58;  resists  summons  to  Peking,  63; 
death  of,  65 

Wu  Ting  Fang,  a  contempory  Chinese 
statesman:  minister  to  United 
States,  6,   284 

Wuilleret  (19th  century),  a  Swiss  agi- 
tator: leads  riot,  13,  563 

Wulfhere  (d.  675),  King  of  Mercia: 
leads  revolt  of  Mercians,  11,  36 

Wulfila:  see  Ulfilas 

Wulfoald  (7th  century),  an  early 
French  courtier:  made  mayor  of  the 
palace,  9,   34 

Wulfstan  (9th  century),  a  Scandina- 
vian voyager:  his  conversations 
with  Alfred,  16,  7,  40;  voyages  of, 
299 

Wurmser,  Dagobert  Siegmund,  Count 
of  (1724-1797),  an  Austrian  soldier: 
his  campaigns  against  the  French, 
9,  287,  299,  17,  282 

Wurtemberg,  a  state  of  the  German 
Empire:  peasant  war  in,  18,  243; 
becomes  a  member  of  the  League, 
250;  erected  into  a  kingdom,  10,  466 

Wurzburg,  Bavaria:  taken  by  Tilly 
(1631),  18,  281;  battle  of  (1796),  9, 
300 

Wyatt,  Sir  Thomas  (1 520-1 554),  an 
English  soldier:  rebellion  of,  II,  270 

Wych,  Sir  Cyril  (18th  century),  an 
English  diplomat:  at  the  Russian 
court,   15,   138 

Wycliffe   (Wickliffe  or  Wiclif),  John 


776 


THE    HISTORY   OF    NATIONS 


(ca.  1324-1384),  an  English  religious 
reformer,  called  The  Morning  Star 
of  the  Reformation:  born  at  Spres- 
wel  (now  Hipswell)  near  Richmond, 
Yorkshire,  England,  about  1324;  was 
educated  at  Baliol  College,  Oxford; 
began  to  write  against  the  mendi- 
cant monks  in  1360;  became  master 
or  warden  of  Balliol  College,  Ox- 
ford, 1361,  and  rector  of  Fylingham, 
in  Lincolnshire,  1361;  in  136s  ap- 
pointed master  of  Canterbury  Hall, 
from  which  he  was  ejected  in  1366; 
exchanged  the  rectory  of  Fyling- 
ham for  that  of  Ludgershall  in 
1368;  took  his  degree  of  D.D.  in 
1372;  appointed  chaplain  to  Edward 
III;  about  this  time  he  began  to 
censure  openly  the  doctrines  and 
corruptions  of  the  Roman  Church 
and  to  advocate  religious  liberty; 
Wycliffe  was  a  member  of  a  lega- 
tion sent  by  Edward  III  to  Pope 
Gregory  XI  in  1374;  soon  after  his 
return  to  England  he  denounced  the 
Pope  as  "  Antichrist,  the  proud 
worldly  priest  of  Rome";  was  pros- 
ecuted for  heresy  before  the  Bishop 
of  London,  1377,  but  was  protected 
by  his  friend  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke 
of  Lancaster,  whose  favor  he  had 
gained;  was  accused  of  heresy  by 
Pope  Gregory  VI  and  May,  1377,  he 
appeared  before  a  synod  assembled 
at  Lambeth;  was  saved  from  active 
persecution  by  the  intervention  in 
his  behalf  of  the  Princess  of  Wales; 
was  allowed  to  depart  with  an  ad- 
monition to  refrain  from  preaching 
the  obnoxious  doctrines;  was  sup- 
ported by  the  chancellor  and  many 
of  the  officers  of  Oxford  Univer- 
sity; he  sent  out  many  disciples  who 
under  the  name  of  poor  priests 
preached  his  doctrines  in  all  parts 
of  the  Kingdom,  and  further  he  pre- 
pared,   with    the    assistance    of    his 


pupils,  a  version  of  the  entire  Bible 
into  English  (1382);  he  opposed 
episcopacy,  or  at  least  did  not  con- 
sider the  episcopal  order  essential  to 
the  legitimate  constitution  of  the 
Church;  died  at  Lutterworth,  De- 
cember 31,  1384 

Belief  and  teaching  of,  11,  171; 
summoned  before  an  ecclesiastical 
court,  172;  translates  the  Bible  into 
English,  173,  188;  his  teachings,  173; 
his  influence  in  Germany,  18,  202; 
last  years  of,  11,'  175 

Wykeham,  William  of  (1324-1404), 
Bishop  of  Winchester:  founds  first 
great  public  school  in  England,  11, 
170;  member  of  the  Council,  172 

Wyndham,     George     (1863 ),     an 

Irish  statesman:  introduces  a  bill 
creating  a  commission  to  buy  Irish 
estates,  12,  242 

Wynecken  (19th  century),  a  German 
general:  in  the  Slesvig-Holstein 
War,   16,  271 

Wyntoun  (Winton),  Andrew  (early 
15th  century),  a  Scottish  chronicler: 
sketch  of,   12,  290 

Wyoming,  a  state  of  the  United 
States:  affected  by  Missouri  Com- 
promise, 23,  456;  Northwest  Terri- 
tory includes  part  of,  24,  631;  ad- 
mitted to  the  Union,  986;  Presiden- 
tial elections  of  1892,  993;  1900,  1040 

Wyoming  Valley,  Pennsylvania,  Uni- 
ted States:  massacre  of  (1778),  23, 
296;  quarrel  between  Pennsylvania 
and  Connecticut  over,  312 

Wyse  (18th  century),  an  Irish  Cath- 
olic leader:  assumes  leadership  of 
Catholic  movement,  12,  173 

Wyss,  Johann  Rudolf  (1781-1830),  a 
Swiss  author:  sketch  of,  13,  530 

Wysshart:  see  Wishart 

Wythe,  George  (1726-1806),  an  Amer- 
ican statesman  and  jurist:  elevates 
the  legal  profession,  23,  138;  pre- 
ceptor to  Jefferson,  383 


X 


"X.  Y.  Z.  Dispatches,"  dispatches 
from  French  agents  who  tried  to 
bribe  the  American  embassy  (1797): 
in  French  imbroglio,  23,  374 

Xaltocan,  Mexico:  taken  by  Cortez, 
22,  46 

Xamarillo,  Juan  (16th  century),  a 
Spanish  adventurer:  marries  Mar- 
iana, 22,  432 

Xanten,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
the  Elector  of  Brandenburg  and  the 
Duke  of  Neuburg   (1614),  13,   191 

Xanthippus  (3rd  century  B.  C),  a 
Lacedaemonian  soldier:  joins  Car- 
thaginian army,  3,  102 

Xanthippus  (5th  century  B.  C.)»  an 
Athenian  soldier:  accuses  Miltiades, 
2,  171;  commander  at  Mycale,  212 

Xativa,  Spain:  battle  of  (1347),  8,  252 
*  Xavier,  Saint  Francis:  see  Francis 
Xavier,  Saint 

Xenil,  a  river  in  Spain:  battle  of  the, 
8,  37 

Xenophon  (ca.  430-357  B.  C),  a  Greek 
historian  and  soldier:  his  expedition 
with   the   "  Ten   Thousand,"    1,    167, 

2,  389 

Xeres  de  la  Frontera,  a  city  in  Spain: 
battle  of,   1,  312,  8,  49 

Xerifs,  founders  of  a  Mohammedan 
sect:  rise  of,  8,  333 

Xerxes,  King  of  Persia,  485-465  B. 
C. :  born  about  519  B.  C;  succeeded 
to  the  throne  on  the  death  of  his 
father  in  485  B.  C.  and  began  to 
raise  an  army  for  the  invasion  of 
Greece;  several  years  were  ex- 
pended in  cutting  a  canal  through 
the  isthmus  of  Mount  Athos  and  in 
building  a  bridge  of  boats  or  ships 
across  the  Hellespont,  over  which 
Xerxes  and  his  army  passed  in  the 
spring  of  480  B.  C;  marched 
through   Thrace  and   Thessaly;   the 


Greeks  attempted  to  defend  the 
pass  of  Thermopylae  but  the  Per- 
sians captured  Athens;  an  indecisive 
naval  action  was  fought  by  the  two 
fleets  at  Artemisium,  where  the  Per- 
sian fleet  was  much  damaged  by  a 
storm;  Xerxes  mustered  a  fleet  of 
twelve  hundred  vessels  which  in  the 
autumn  of  480  B.  C.  was  defeated  at 
the  decisive  battle  of  Salamis; 
Xerxes  in  a  lofty  position  on  the  ad- 
jacent shore,  witnessed  this  disas- 
trous defeat  of  his  vainglorious 
project;  he  retreated  hastily  by  land 
to  the  Hellespont,  and  crossed  over 
to  Asia,  leaving  an  army  under 
Mardonius,  who  was  defeated  at 
Plataea  in  479  B.  C;  Xerxes  was 
murdered  in  465  B.  C.  by  Artabanus, 
an  officer  of  his  court 

Comes  to  the  throne,  2,  172;  his 
character,  177;  reign  of,  1,  166; 
crushes  Egyptian  rebellion,  32;  in- 
vades Greece,  2,  181;  returns  to 
Asia,  206;  assassinated,  231 

Xerxes  II,  King  of  Persia,  424  B.  C: 
reign  of,  I,   167 

Xicotencatl  (early  16th  century),  a 
Mexican  soldier:  at  the  siege  of 
Mexico,  22,  52 

Ximines  de  Quesada,  Gonsalo:  see 
Quesada,  Gonzales  Ximines  de 

Xisuthros  (Xisuthrus),  a  mythical 
King  of  Babylonia:  reign  of,  1,  73 

Xochimilco,  Mexico:  battle  of  (1521), 
22,  48 

Xuares,  Catalina  (early  16th  century), 
a  Cuban  woman:  her  relations  with 
Cortez,  22,  8 

Xuares,  Lorenzo,  Conde  de  la  Coruna 
(d.  1582),  Viceroy  of  Mexico:  ad- 
ministration of,  22,  131 

Xucar,  a  river  in  Spain:  battle  of  the, 
8,  21 


777 


Yacoub  (late  14th  century),  an  Otto- 
man soldier:  account  of,  14,  36 

Yacub  ben  Yussef,  surnamed  Alman- 
sor  (d.  1 199),  a  Mohammedan  ruler: 
reign  of,  8,  99 

Yagushinski,  Paul  (18th  century), 
Russian  diplomat:  estimate  of,  15, 
89;  appointed  procurer-general  of 
the  senate,  107;  supports  Anne,  105 

Yahia  Alkadia  (nth  century),  King  of 
Toledo:  reign  of,  8,  87 

Yahia  ben  Anasir  (13th  century),  a 
Moorish  prince:  attempts  to  usurp 
Moorish  throne,  8,  102 

Yahia  ben  Edris  (10th  century),  sov- 
ereign of  Fez:  besieged  by  Obei- 
dala,  8,  76;  made  caliph  of  Cordova, 
82 

Yahia  ben  Tafut  (16th  century),  a 
Portuguese  soldier:  his  campaigns 
against  the  Xerifs,  8,  334;  death  of, 

335 
Yahya:  see  Yahia 
Yajnavalkya,    Code    of,    collection   of 

laws  of  the  Brahmans:  account  of, 

5,  49 
Yajur-Veda,  Hindu  sacred  literature: 

rise  of,  5,  42 
Yakoob  Khan   (1849 ),  Ameer  of 

Afghanistan:  reign  of,  5,  257,  6,  217 
Yakshibey     (14th     century),    Turkish 

soldier:  lieutenant  of  Ali  Pasha,  14, 

34 

Yakub  (19th  century),  ruler  of  east- 
ern Turkestan:  seeks  recognition 
from  Indian  government,  5,  249 

Yakubovo,  Russia:  battle  of  (1812), 
15,  250 

Yale,  Elihu  (1648-1721),  an  English 
official  in  India:  governor  of  Mad- 
ras, 5,  166;  makes  bequests  to  Yale 
College,  23,   140 

Yale    University,    an    institution    of 


learning  at  New  Haven,  Connecti- 
cut: founded,  23,  140 

Yalu  River,  Korea:  battles  of  (1894), 
6,  268,  7,  266;  (1904),  7,  309 

Yamada  Nagamasa  (or  Nizayemon), 
Japanese  military  adventurer:  ca- 
reer of,  7,  136 

Yamagata  Aritomo,  Count  (1840 ), 

a  Japanese  statesman:  attempts  to 
crush  rebellion  of  Saigo,  7,  179;  be- 
comes minister  president,  190;  made 
premier,  221;  in  Chino-Japanese 
War,  6,  268,  7,  267 

Yamagata-Lobanov  Protocol,  agree- 
ment between  Russia  and  Japan 
concerning  Korea  (1896),  7,  296 

Yamaji,  Baron  Motoharu  (ca.  1840- 
),  a  Japanese  soldier:  his  cam- 
paign in  Chino-Japanese  War,  7, 
268 

Yamana  Mochitoyo  (15th  century), 
Japanese  soldier:  crushes  revolt  of 
Akamatsu  Mitsusuke,  7,  96 

Yamana  Sozen  (15th  century),  Japan- 
ese noble  and  statesman:  rebellion 

of,  7,  97 

Yamana  Ujikiyo  (14th  century),  Jap- 
anese noble  and  soldier:  rebellion 
of,  7,  94 

Yamanouchi  Soyonobu,  Lord  of  Tosa 
(19th  century),  Japanese  statesman: 
attempts  to  restore  tranquillity  to 
Japan,  7,  161 

Yamassees  (Yamasi),  a  tribe  of  North 
American  Indians:  attack  on  colo- 
nists, 33,  77;  expense  of  war  with, 
78 

Yamato-dake,  Prince  (1st  century  B. 
C.)»  Japanese  soldier:  his  campaign 
against  the  Kumaso,  7,  9;  his  cam- 
paign against  the  Emishi,  10;  death, 
10 

Yamazaki,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  112 


778 


GENERAL    INDEX 


779 


Yamburg,  Russia:  occupied  by  the 
Russians,   15,  44 

Yanagiwara  Sakimitsu  (19th  century), 
Japanese  statesman:  warns  the 
Shimazu  against  joining  rebellions, 
7,  180;  sent  as  ambassador  to 
China,  192 

Yanagizawa  Yoshiyasu  (17th  century), 
Japanese  courtier:  rise  of,  7,  142 

Yancey,  William  Lowndes  (1814- 
1863),  an  American  politician  and 
lawyer:  denounces  Northern  Demo- 
crats, 24,  679 

Yandabu,  Treaty  of,  a  treaty  between 
the  King  of  Ava  and  the  English 
(1826),  5,  212 

Yarlez  (early  19th  century),  Venezue- 
lan insurgent:  defeated  by  Bolivar, 
M,  63 

Yafiez,  Colonel  (d.  1862),  Bolivian  in- 
surgent: leads  insurrection  in  La 
Paz,  31,  188;  death  of,  189 

Yangchow,  China:  taken  by  the  Man- 
chus,  6,  55;  riot  at,  221 

Yangti  (Yang-Tee),  Emperor  of 
China,  605-617  A.  D.:  constructs  ca- 
nals, 6,  14 

Yang-tse  Agreement,  The:  see  Anglo- 
German  Agreement 

Yang-tsu-ling,  Manchuria:  captured 
by  the  Japanese  (1904),  7,  310 

Yao,  Emperor  of  Japan,  ca.  2300  B. 
C. :  reign  of,  6,  5 

Yaroslav  (Yaroslaff),  a  government  of 
Russia:  annexed  to  Moscow,  15,  12 

Yaroslav  the  Great  (d.  1054),  Grand 
Prince  of  Russia,  1016-1054:  reign 
of,  IS,  8 

Yates,  Richard  (1818-1873),  an  Ameri- 
can politician:  war  governor  of  Illi- 
nois, 24,  818 

Yatung,  China:  opened  for  trade,  6, 
316 

Ya'ubidi:  see  Ilubidi 

Yavorski,  Stephen  (early  18th  cen- 
tury), Russian  ecclesiastic:  career 
of,  15,73 

Yazoo  River,  Mississippi:  Sherman  as- 
cends the,  24,  776 

Yeamans,  Sir  John  (ca.  1605-1676),  an 
English     colonial     governor:     leads 


company  of  settlers  from  Barba- 
dos, 23,  73;  brings  slaves  to  South 
Carolina,  75 

Yeardley,  Sir  George  (ca.  1580-1627), 
an  English  colonial  governor:  gov- 
ernor of  Virginia,  23,  63 

Yegen  Mohammed  Pasha  (early  18th 
century),  Grand  Vizier  of  Turkey: 
account  of,  14,  311 

Yegros,  Fulgencio  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), South  American  statesman: 
made  president  of  Paraguay,  21, 
147;  death  of,  153 

Yeh  (middle  of  19th  century),  Chinese 
official:  governor  of  Canton,  6,  146; 
refuses  to  receive  Parkes,  157;  exile 
and  death  of,  163 

"Yellow  Book  of  Lecan,"  book  of 
Irish  learning:  mention  of,  12,  7 

Yellow  Fever  Epidemic:  in  southern 
United  States  in  1878,  24,  923 

Yellow  Ford  (Bellanaboy),  Ireland: 
battle  of  (1598),  12,  96 

Yellow  Sea  (Hwang-hai),  an  arm  of 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  China 
and  Korea:  battle  of,  7,  309 

Yellow  Tavern,  Virginia:  battle  of 
(1864),  24,  788 

Yelverton,  Barry  (late  18th  century), 
Irish  statesman:  proposes  repeal  of 
Poynings'  Act,  12,  186;  opposes  the 
Rotunda  Bill,  192 

Yeni  Tscheri:  see  Janissaries 

Yenta  (16th  century),  Mongol  leader: 
submits  to  China,  6,  36 

Yerger,  Judge  (middle  of  19th  cen- 
tury), American  jurist:  quoted  on 
slave  labor,  24,  588 

Yermak  (Iermak)  (d.  1583),  a  Cos- 
sack chief:  conquers  Siberia,  15,  18 

Yermo,  Gabriel  (early  19th  century), 
Mexican  proprietor  of  Spanish 
birth:  leads  France  partisans  in 
Mexico,  22,  231 

Yermolov,  General  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Russian  soldier:  at  the  Bere- 
sina,  15,  253;  sent  to  Piedmont,  266 

Yermuk,  Asia  Minor:  battle  of,  1,  281 

Yezdigerd  (Yesdigerd)  III,  King  of 
Persia,  ca.  632-651  A.  D.:  reign  of,  1, 
259,  5,  321;  defeated  by  Arabs,  1,  263 


780 


THE   HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Yezid  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Mohamme- 
dan caliph:  accession  of,  1,  248;  at 
the  siege  of  Constantinople,  327 

Yguain,  General  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Peruvian  military  comman- 
der: aids  Castilla,  21,  199 

Yin  (Shang)  Dynasty,  Chinese  royal 
house:  reign  of,  6,  7 

Ying  Kai  (16th  century),  Chinese  sol- 
dier: commands  army  against  Ja- 
pan, 7,  120 

Ying-kau,  Manchuria:  captured  by  the 
Japanese,  7,  272 

Ylo  Pacocha,  South  America:  occu- 
pied by  the  Chilians  (1880),  21,  236 

Ynglingar,  ancient  kings  of  Sweden 
and  Norway:  founder  of,  16,  35; 
kings  and  heroes  of,  51 

Yoglan  Beg  (14th  century),  Turkish 
commander:  defends  Nicopolis,  14, 
40 

Yokoi  Heishiro  (late  19th  century), 
Japanese     statesman:    assassination 

of,  7,  177 

Yoland  of  Hungaria  (13th  century), 
wife  of  Jayme  I  of  Aragon:  marriage 
of,  8,  243 

Yorck,  Count  Hans  David  Ludwig 
(1759-1830),  a  Prussian  general:  his 
campaign  against  Napoleon,  9,  346 

York,  the  former  name  of  Toronto, 
Canada:  taken  by  the  Americans, 
20,  154 

York,  Maine:  attacked  by  French  and 
Indians,  23,  159 

York,  Pennsylvania:  meetings  of  con- 
gress at,  23,  262 

York,  Archbishop  of:  see  NevilL 
George 

York,  Frederick  Augustus,  Duke  of 
(1763-1827),  the  second  son  of 
George  III:  at  siege  of  Dunkirk,  9, 
286;  his  campaign  against  France, 
11,  541,  13,  264;  disembarks  in  Hol- 
land with  an  Anglo-Russian  army, 
10,  403;  his  campaign  in  the  Neth- 
erlands, 18,  363;  commands  the 
Prussian  contingent,  381;  his  treaty 
with  Diebitsch,  15,  256 

York,  James,  Duke  of:  see  James  II, 
King  of  England 

York,  Richard,  Duke  of  (1411-1460), 


an  English  statesman:  succeeds 
Bedford  in  France,  11,  205;  sent  to 
Ireland,  207;  returns  to  England, 
210;  admitted  to  the  Council,  210; 
first  protectorate  of,  210;  wins  bat- 
tle of  St.  Alban's,  211;  marries 
Cicely  Nevill,  211;  second  protecto- 
rate of,  211;  claims  the  throne,  212; 
receives  aid  from  Ireland,  224; 
death  of,  212 

York,  Richard,  Duke  of  (1474-1483), 
the  second  son  of  Edward  IV:  in 
the  power  of  Gloucester,  11,  220; 
murdered,  221 

York,  Roland  (16th  century),  English 
soldier:  treachery  of,  13,   152 

Yorke,  Charles,  Lord  Morden  (1722- 
1770),  an  English  jurist:  accepts  the 
Chancellorship,  11,  512 

Yorkinos,  The,  Mexican  political  so- 
ciety: sketch  of,  22,  265 

Yorktown,  Virginia:  Cornwallis  sur- 
renders (1781),  9,  256,  12,  186,  20, 
128,  23,  285;  in  Bull  Run  campaign, 
24,  734;  McClellan's  siege  of  (1862), 
758;  centennial  of  Cornwallis's  sur- 
render celebrated,  940 

Yoruba,  African  district:  made  a  Brit- 
ish protectorate,  19,  159 

Yoshiaki,  Prince  (early  19th  century), 
Japanese  noble:  made  gijo,  7,  167; 
sent  to  crush  rebellion  of  Eto  Shim- 
pei,  177 

Yoshino,  Japan:  battle  of,  7,  85 

Youkinna  (7th  century),  Greek  sol- 
dier: becomes  a  proselyte  to  the 
Mohammedan  faith,  1,  285 

Young,  Brigham  (1801-1877),  Ameri- 
can religious  leader:  succeeds  Smith 
in  Mormon  church,  24,  982 

Young,  Samuel  Baldwin  Marks  (1840- 

),  American  soldier:  in  Santiago 

campaign,  24,  1029 

Young  Czechs,  the  radical  party  of 
Slavs  in  Bohemia:  work  of,  17,  428 

Young  Ireland  Movement,  The,  an 
Irish  patriotic  association:  account 
of,  12,  228 

Young  Ireland  Party,  Irish  patriotic 
association:  founded,  12,  226 

Younghusband,  Sir  Francis  Edward 
(1863 ),    British    military    com- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


781 


mander:  in  charge  of  the  Tibetan 
mission,  5,  297;  in  India,  6,  316 

Yozei  (9th  century  A.  D.),  Emperor 
of  Japan:  reign  of,  7,  46 

Ypres,  France:  sieges  of  (1789),  13, 
261;  (1794),  9,  290 

Ypsilanti  (Ipysilante),  Alexander 
(1792-1828),  Greek  patriot:  rebellion 
of,  2,  541,  542,  14,  416,  15,  266,  17, 
324;  defeat  of,  2,  543 

Yrujo  (late  18th  and  early  19th  cen- 
turies), Spanish  minister  to  the 
United  States:  Burr's  correspond- 
ence with,  23,  404 

Yser,  river  in  Belgium:  battle  of  the 
(1793),  9,  286 

Yii  (20th  century  B.  C.)»  Chinese  Em- 
peror: founds  Hsia  Dynasty,  6,  6 

Yii  Hsien  (d.  1900),  Chinese  states- 
man: governor  of  Shansi,  6,  282; 
sentence  of,  285;  appointed  gov- 
ernor of  Shantung,  297;  massacres 
missionaries,  304;  beheaded,  305 

Yuan  (d.  1900),  Chinese  statesman: 
beheaded,  6,  282 

Yuan  Ch'ang  (d.  1900),  Chinese  states- 
man: in  Boxer  movement,  6,  302 

Yuan  Shih-kai  (late  19th  and  early 
20th  centuries),  Chinese  statesman: 
minister  to  Korea,  7,  256;  betrays 
order  to  behead  Yunglu,  6,  293;  de- 
graded, 297;  appointed  governor  of 
Shantung  province,  298 

Yuan-ming-yuan,  China:  occupied  by 
Prince  Kung,  6,  182;  described,  183; 
burned,  185 

Yucatan,  Central  America:  discovered, 
22,  4;  revolt  in  (1848),  378;  history 
of,  423 

Yuino  Shosetsu  (17th  century),  Japa- 
nese soldier:  attempts  to  revolt,  7, 
140 

Yukon,  Province  of,  division  of  the 
Dominion  of  Canada:  organized, 
20,  170 

Yule,  Sir  Henry  (1820-1889),  British 
geographer:  mentioned,  6,  18 

Yuman  Indians:  found  in  Mexico,  23, 
6 

Yung  Ch'ing  Hsien,  China:  mission- 
aries murdered  at,  6,  300 

Yungcheng  (early  18th  century),  Em- 


peror of  China:  accession  of,  6,  72; 
his  edict  against  Roman  Catholics, 
73;  deports  missionaries,  78;  ad- 
dresses the  Jesuits,  80;  disasters  in 
reign  of,  82;  death  of,  82 

Yunglo  (Yen)  (early  15th  century), 
Emperor  of  China:  forces  abdica- 
tion of  Chieniven,  6,  30;  reign  of, 
30;  his  Encyclopaedia,  31 

Yunglu  (late  19th  century),  Chinese 
military  commander:  generalissimo 
of  Peking  forces,  6,  278;  in  siege 
of  legations,  282;  opposes  reforms, 
290;  plot  to  behead,  293;  in  Boxer 
movement,  302;  made  plenipoten- 
tiary, 303 

Yunnan,  Province  of,  district  of 
China:  account  of  opium  crop,  6, 
128,  278 

Yuriev:  see  Dorpat 

Yu-shu-lin-tsu,  Manchuria:  captured 
by  the  Japanese,  7,  310 

Yussef  (I)  Abul  Hegiag  ben  Ismail, 
King  of  Granada,  1333-1354:  reign 
of,  8,  113 

Yussef  (II)  Abu  Abdalla  ben  Mo- 
hammed, King  of  Granada,  1391- 
1408:  reign  of,  8,  117 

Yussef  (III)  ben  Mohammed,  King 
of  Granada,  1408-1423:  reign  of,  8, 
117 

Yussef  Abu  Yacub  (12th  century), 
sovereign  of  Mohammedan  Spain: 
campaigns  of,  in  Andalusia,  8,  98; 
reign  of,  98,  101;  invasion  of  Por- 
tugal, 277 

Yussef  ben  Taxfin  (nth  century), 
Moorish  soldier:  his  campaigns  in 
Spain,  8,  88 

Yussef  ben  Zeragh  (15th  century), 
Moorish  statesman,  Hagib  of  Gran- 
ada: wisdom  of,  8,  118 

Yussuf  (8th  century  A.  D.),  Moorish 
statesman  and  general:  refuses  to 
acknowledge  Abderahman  as  caliph, 
8,  67;  leads  rebellion,  69 

Yussuf  ben  Amru  (9th  century  A.  D.), 
Persian  official:  tyranny  of,  in  To- 
ledo, 8,  73 

Yussuf  (Yussef)  Pasha  (19th  cen- 
tury), Turkish  military  commander: 
treachery  of,  14,  427 


782                  THE    HISTORY  OF   NATIONS 

Yusuf   (Yussuf)    (late   18th  century),  Yusuf  (Yussef)  Pasha  (early  18th  cen- 

Grand   Vizier   of   Turkey:  jealousy  tury),     Turkish     statesman:     made 

of,  towards  Gazi  Hassan,  14,  350  vizier,  15,  61 

Yusuf  (Yussuf)   ben  Leis   (d.  878  A.  Yvri    (Ivry-la-Bataille),    a    village   in 

D.),  Persian  conqueror:  founds  Saf-  the    department    of    Eure,    France: 

farid  dynasty,  5,  327  battle  of  (1590),  13,  156 


z 


Zab,  Asia  Minor:  battle  of  the,  I,  340 

Zacarias  de  Goes  e  Vasconcellos 
(middle  19th  century),  Brazilian 
statesman:  first  and  second  minis- 
tries of,  31,  176;  third  ministry  of, 
176 

Zachariah  (8th  century  B.  C.)»  King 
of  Israel:  reign  of,  1,  393 

Zacharias,  Pope,  741-752  A.  D.:  re- 
proves Rachis,  4,  172;  at  war  with 
the  Lombards,  9,  40;  his  relations 
with  Pippin  the  Short,  18,  76 

Zacynthus,  island  off  the  coast  of 
Greece:  ravaged  by  Corinthians,  2, 
283;  allied  to  Athens,  300;  ravaged 
by  Iphicrates,  431 

Zafar  Khan  (14th  century  A.  D.), 
Afghan  general:  becomes  sovereign 
of  the  Deccan,  5,  105 

Zajaczek,  Joseph  (late  18th  century), 
Polish  general:  commands  Polish 
forces,  15,  191;  appointed  viceroy  of 
Poland,  264 

Zaku  Sadik  (late  18th  century),  Shah 
of  Persia:  reign  of,  5,  355 

Zalaca,  Spain:  battle  of,  8,  88 

Zaldo,  Carlos  de  (late  19th  and  early 
20th  centuries),  Cuban  statesman: 
chosen  Secretary  of  State,  22,  468 

Zama,  Africa:  tattle  of  (202  B.  C), 
3,  130 

Zama  (8th  century  A.  D.),  Arabian 
soldier:  death  of,  1,  335 

Zamojski,  Prince  Andrew  (19th  cen- 
tury), Russian  reformer:  sketch  of, 
15,  325 

Zamora,  Spain:  battle  of,  8,  134 

Zanardelli,  Giuseppi,  Italian  jurist, 
Premier  of  Italy,  1900-1903:  minis- 
try of,  4,  405 

Zannekin,  Nicholas  (nth  century), 
Flemish  soldier:  at  the  battle  of 
Cassel,  13,  32 

Zante     (Zacynthus),    island    off    the 


coast  of  Greece:  in  modern  Greece, 
2,  549 

Zanyon,  Peace  of,  treaty  between  the 
Spanish  government  and  the  Cuban 
insurgents   (1878),  20,  328 

Zanzan,  Persia:  siege  of  (1848),  5, 
362 

Zanzibar,  Africa:  conditions  in,  19, 
206;  secured  by  the  Portuguese,  30, 
46 

Zanzibar  Protectorate:  description  of, 
20,  262 

Zapolski,  John  Sigismund:  see  Szapol- 
yai,  John  Sigismund 

Zapolya,  John:  see  John  (I)  Szapolya, 
King  of  Hungary 

Zapotecs,  tribe  of  Mexican  Indians: 
account  of,  23,  6 

Zara,  sea-port  of  Dalmatia:  taken  by 
the  Venetians,  17,  54 

Zaragoza,  General  (middle  of  19th 
century),  Mexican  soldier:  in  the 
Reform  War,  22,  383;  at  the  battle 
of  Puebla,  384 

Zarephathites :  see  Philistines 

Zassulitch  (early  20th  century),  Rus- 
sian general:  his  services  in  the 
Russo-Japanese  War,  7,  309 

Zavadovski,  Count  Peter  Vassilivitch 
(1738-1812),  Russian  statesman:  fa- 
vorite of  Catherine,  15,  174;  labors 
of,  195;  his  quarrel  with  Radistchev, 
196 

Zavala,  Lorenzo  de  (early  19th  cen- 
tury), Mexican  revolutionist:  leads 
rebellion,  22,  268 

Zavisa  of  Falkenstein  (ca.  13th  cen- 
tury),  Polish  nobleman:   career  of, 

17,  79 

Zayd  Aben  Kesadi  (early  8th  cen- 
tury A.  D.),  Moorish  general:  be- 
sieges Malaga,  8,  50 

Zazan,  Persia:  battle  of  (521  B.  C), 
1,  95,  163 


783 


784 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Zbyriek  (early  15th  century),  Arch- 
bishop of  Prague:  his  relations  with 
John  Huss,  17,  120 

Zealots,  a  Jewish  political  party:  rise 
of,  1,  410 

Zehra,  Spain:  constructed,  1,  344 

Zeid  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Arabian 
servant  of  Mohammed:  accepts  the 
doctrines  of  Mohammed,  1,  218; 
commands  Mohammedan  forces,  234 

Zeid  ben  Cassim  (9th  century  A.  D.), 
Arabian  soldier:  assassination  of,  8, 

74 

Zeila,  Africa:  held  by  England,  19,  85 

Zeinos,  Francisco  de  (16th  century), 
Spanish  statesman:  member  of  gov- 
erning audiencia,  22,  119 

Zeitoun  (Lysimachia),  southeastern 
Europe:  surrendered  to  the  Turks 
(1424),  14,  60 

Zeman,  (19th  century),  Amir  of  Af- 
ghanistan: reign  of,  5,  216 

Zemstvas,  Russian  provincial  assem- 
blies: created,  15,  324;  Alexander's 
attitude  toward  the,  346;  their  agi- 
tation for  more  power,  356,  359 

Zen  Sect,  religion  introduced  from 
China  into  Japan:  teachings  of,  7, 
80 

Zend  Dynasty,  reigning  family  of 
modern  Persia:  reign  of,  5,  355 

Zend-Avesta,  religious  book  of  Per- 
sia: compiled,  5,  316 

Zenger,  Peter  (18th  century),  Ameri- 
can journalist:  contends  for  freedom 
of  the  press,  23,  190 

Zeno,  Emperor  of  the  East,  474-491 
A.  D.:  as  Byzantine  Emperor,  2, 
532;  gives  Theodoric  permission  to 
conquer  Italy,  4,  155,  18,  45 

Zeno,  Carlo  (14th  century),  Venetian 
admiral:  comes  to  the  relief  of  Ven- 
ice, 4,  241 

Zenobia,  a  famous  and  ambitious 
Queen  of  Palmyra:  was  a  daughter 
of  Amroo,  an  Arab  chief;  was  re- 
nowned for  her  beauty,  learning,  and 
martial  and  political  abilities;  was 
mistress  of  the  Greek,  Latin,  Syriac, 
and  Egyptian  languages;  her  hus- 
band, Odenathus,  King  of  Palmyra, 
died  about  266  A.  D.  and  she  then 


assumed  the  title  of  Queen  of  the 
East;  Aurelian  conducted  in  person 
an  army  against  her  and  defeated 
her  forces  in  two  battles  near  An- 
tioch  and  Emesa;  he  then  besieged 
Palmyra,  which  she  defended  for  a 
long  time  with  heroic  courage  but 
it  was  taken  in  272  or  273  and  she 
was  carried  to  Rome  fettered  with 
golden  chains,  and  walked  before 
Aurelian's  chariot  on  his  triumphal 
entry  into  Rome  in  273;  he  gave 
her  a  villa  at  Tibur,  where  she  pass- 
ed the  rest  of  her  life  with  her  chil- 
dren; died,  273  A.  D. 

Invades  Egypt,  1,  35;  captured  by 
Aurelian,  2,  525,  4,  111 

Zenta,  Hungary:  battle  of  (1697),  13, 
246,  14,  263,  17,  231,  18,  304 

Zeriksee,  Netherlands:  battle  of 
(1303),  9,  87 

Zerotin,  Charles  of  (17th  century), 
Moravian  religious  leader:  leads 
Bohemian  Brothers,  17,  198;  re- 
mains loyal  after  the  defenestration 
of  Prague,  204;  emigrates  from  Mo- 
ravia, 210 

Zeugites,  member  of  the  second  low- 
est class  of  Athenian  society:  ar- 
chonship  opened  to,  2,  252 

Zeus,  Greek  god:  oracle  of,  at  Do- 
dona,  2,  8;  in  Greek  theology,  39; 
and  Olympian  Games,  42;  Lycurgus 
enjoins  worship  of,  63;  temple  of, 
commenced  by  Peisistratus,  2,  in; 
temple   of,   finished   by   Hadrian,   2, 

523 
Zevin,    Turkey:  battle   of    (1877),   15, 

335 
Zeyad   (8th  century  A.   D.),   Evali   of 

Barcelona:  career  of,  8,  219 
Zhelabovski,  A.  J.   (d.   1881),   Russian 

conspirator:   execution   of,   15,   339 
Zhelnikov  (d.  1881),  Russian  conspira- 
tor: assassinates  the  tsar,  15,  339 
Zhukovski,  Vassili  Andreivitch  (1783- 

1816),   Russian  poet:   sketch  of,   15, 

243,  269 
Zichy   (late   19th  century),   Hungarian 

artist:    sketch    of,    17,    416;    in    Dr. 

Wekerle's  ministry,  447 
Ziegenbalg  (early  18th  century),  Dan- 


GENERAL    INDEX 


785 


ish    evangelist:    missionary    efforts 
of,  5,  I7li  16,  237 

Ziegler,  William  (1843-1895),  Ameri- 
can capitalist:  supports  polar  expe- 
dition, 16,  328 

Ziela,  Asia  Minor:  founded,  3,  275; 
battle  of  (48  B.  C),  354 

Zieten,  Hans  Joachim  von  (1699- 
1786),  Prussian  general:  campaigns 
of,  18,  335,  337,  341 

Ziklag,  Judaea:  under  David's  rule,  I, 
383 

Zimisces,  John  I:  see  John  (I) 
Zimisces 

Zimmermann,  General  (late  19th  cen 
tury),  Russian  soldier:  his  cam- 
paign against  Turkey,  15,  3^3 

Zimri  (d.  929  B.  G),  King  of  Israel: 
usurps  throne,  I,  389 

Zimrida  (ca.  13th  century  B.  C),  King 
of  Sidon:  besieges  Tyre,  I,  122 

Zingg,  Michael  (late  17th  century) 
Swiss  ecclesiastic  and  mathemati- 
cian: persecution  of,  13,  483 

Zintgraff  (late  19th  century),  African 
explorer  of  German  birth:  his  ex 
pedition  in  Africa,  19,  178 

Zinzendorf,  Count  (late  18th  century), 
Austrian  statesman:  aids  Joseph  II 
in  his  commercial  enterprises,  15, 
143,  17,  269 

Zip,  Netherlands:  battle  of  the  (1799), 
10,  403 

Zisca  or  Ziska:  see  Zizka,  John 

Zizan,  southwestern  Asia:  battle  of 
(1827),  5,  359 

Zizka  (Zisca,  Ziska),  John  (ca.  1360- 
1424),  Hussite  and  Bohemian  sol- 
dier: instructs  the  Bohemians  in  the 
art  of  war,  4,  256;  becomes  a  leader 
of  the  people,  17,  127;  sketch  of, 
18,  206;  death  of,   17,   133 

Zoan  (Tanis  or  Raamses),  Egypt:  cap 
ital  of  Egypt,  1,  21;  built,  27 

Zobeir  (7th  century  A.  D.),  Arabian 
chief:  rebels  against  Ali  Tahib,  I 
245;  at  the  battle  of  Tripoli,  302 

Zofingen,  Association  of,  Swiss  scien- 
tific and  patriotic  association:  work 
of,  13,  530 

Zoller,  Matthias  (ca.  15th  century), 
Swiss  poet:  sketch  of,  13,  427 


Zollverein:  see  Tariff  Union,  The 

Zoltan  (10th  century  A.  D.),  Magyar 
chieftain:  rule  of,  17,  43 

Zoraya  (15th  century),  wife  of  Abul 
Hassan,  Moorish  ruler:  leads  re- 
bellion, 8,   121 

Zorilla,      Manuel     Ruiz      (1834 ), 

Spanish  politician:  made  minister  of 
commerce  in  provisional  govern- 
ment, 8,  510;  prime  minister  under 
Amadeus,  512 

Zorich  (late  18th  century),  Russian 
courtier:  favorite  of  Catherine,   15, 

175 

Zorndorf,  a  village  in  Brandenburg, 
Prussia:  battle  of  (1758),  9,  245,  15, 
148,  18,  338 

Zoser  (ca.  30th  century  B.  C),  King 
of  Egypt:  reign  of,  I,  15 

Zoutman,  Admiral  (late  18th  century), 
Dutch  naval  officer:  at  battle  of 
Dogger  Bank,  13,  258 

Zringi  (d.  1671),  Hungarian  conspira- 
tor: leads  conspiracy,  17,  229 

Zrinyi  (Zrinski  or  Zriny),  Helen  (17th 
century),  Hungarian  popular  her- 
oine: heroism  of,  17,  230 

Zrinyi  (Zriny,  Zrinski),  Nicholas 
(1518-1566),  Ban  of  Croatia:  resists 
Turkish  invasion,  14,   175,  17,  219 

Zrinyi,  Nicholas  (1616-1664),  Ban  of 
Croatia:  his  campaign  against  the 
Turks,  17,  228 

Zschokke,  Johann  Heinrich  Daniel 
(1771-1848),  German  popular  writer: 
sketch  of,  13,  531 

Zubov,  Count  Plato  (late  17th  cen- 
tury), Russian  soldier:  his  cam- 
paign against  Persia,  5,  358;  im- 
plicated in  the  assassination  of  Paul, 
15,  208 

Zug,  canton  of  Switzerland:  a  member 
of  the  Swiss  republic,  18,  196;  up- 
risings in,  13,  501;  siege  of  (1847), 
13,  552 

Zuheir  (7th  century  A.  D.),  governor 
of  Egypt:  rule  of,  1,  305 

Zul-fikar  Khan  (d.  ca.  1712),  Indian 
general:  controls  the  Mogul  em- 
perors, 5,  125 

Zuloaga,  General  (early  19th  century), 
Mexican    military    commander:    re- 


786 


THE   HISTORY   OF  NATIONS 


forms  of,  22,  382;  in  the  Reform 
War,  383 

Zumalacarregui  (1788-1835),  Spanish 
soldier:  successes  of,  8,  497 

Zumarraga,  Juan  de  (early  15th  cen- 
tury), Archbishop  of  Mexico:  sketch 
of,  22,  75 

Zuniga,  Alvaro  Enrique  de,  Marques 
de  Villa  Manrique,  Spanish  states- 
man, viceroy  of  Mexico,  1585-1589: 
administration  of,  22,  134 

Zuniga,  Dona  Juana  (born  ca.  1510), 
Spanish   lady:    marries    Cortez,    22, 

71 

Zuniga  Acebedo,  Gaspar  de,  Count  of 
Monterey,  Viceroy  of  New  Spain, 
1595-1603:  his  administration  as 
viceroy  of  Mexico,  22,  140;  made 
viceroy  of  Peru,  143 

Zurawua,  Peace  of,  treaty  between 
Poles  and  Turks  (1676),  14,  246 

Zurich,  Switzerland:  a  member  of  the 
Swiss  confederation,  13,  376,  18, 
196;  sieges  of  (1351).  13,  376;  (1352), 
377;  (1354),  378;  (1444),  401;  insur- 
rection of  (1489),  415;  battles  of 
(June  4,  1799),  516;  (September  26, 
1799),  9,  3io,  10,  407;  13,  516,  18, 
362;  siege  of  (1802),  13,  518 


Zurich,  Compromise  of,  a  union  made 
between  the  Calvinistic  and  Zwin- 
glian  churches  (i549)»  *3,  450 

Zurich,  League  of,  Swiss  confedera- 
tion, 13,  385 

Zurich,  Peace  of,  treaty  between  Aus- 
tria and  France  (1859),  4,  374,  17, 
385 

Zuriczee,  Netherlands:  siege  of  (1575), 
13,  120 

Zutphen,  Netherlands:  battle  of 
(1586),  13,  151 

Zuyder  Zee,  bay  indenting  the  coast 
of  Holland:  battles  of  (1573),  13, 
114;  (1666),  11,  387 

Zvonimir  (Svinimir)  (nth  century  A. 
D.),  King  of  Dalmatia:  sketch  of, 
17,  38 

Zwentebold  (9th  century  A.  D.),  King 
of  Bohemia:  his  war  »vith  Ludwig 
the  German,  18,  96;  his  war  with 
Arnulf,  97 

Zwier,  General  (17th  century),  Swiss 
soldier:  at  the  battle  of  the  Bridge 
of  Gislikon,  13,  473 

Zwingli,  Ulrich  or  Huldreich  (1484- 
I531),  Swiss  religious  reformer: 
sketch  of,  18,  246;  founds  the  Swiss 
Reformation,  13,  433;  death  of,  444 


WORLD  CHRONOLOGY 


WORLD  CHRONOLOGY 


B.  C. 

5867.  Menes  unites  Upper  and  Lower  Egypt 

2300.  Elamites  invade  Babylonia 

2250.  Code  of  Hamurabi,  King  of  Babylonia,  compiled 

ca.  1921.  Call  of  Abraham 

ca.1706-1491.  Sojourn  of  the  Israelites  in  Egypt 

ca.1095-1055.  Saul,  King  of  the  Jews 

ca.  1048.  Jerusalem  made  capital  of  Judaea  by  David 

ca.1048-1015.  David,  King  of  all  Israel 

ca.1015-975.  Solomon,  King  of  all  Israel 

ca.  1012.  Temple  of  Jerusalem  built  by  Solomon 

975-721.  Kingdom  of  Israel 

971-587.  Kingdom  of  Judah 

743-668.  Messenian  Wars 

594.  Solon  gives  laws  to  Athens 

586-519.  Babylonish  captivity  of  the  Jews 

546.  Sardis  taken  by  Cyrus 

544.  Poems  of  Theognis  of  Megara 

538.  Babylon  taken  by  Cyrus 

560-527.  Peisistratus,  Tyrant  of  Athens 

515.  Temple  of  Jerusalem  restored 

510.  Hippias  driven  out  of  Athens 

510.  The  Tarquinii  driven  out  of  Rome 

490.  Battle   of   Marathon 

480.  Battles  of  Thermopylae  and  Salamis 

479.  Battles  of  Plataea  and  Mycale 

477.  Greek  Confederacy  under  Athens 

472-388.  Early  Greek  dramatic  poets 

444-429.  Leadership  of  Pericles  at  Athens 

431.  Beginning  of  the   Peloponnesian  War 

ca.431-411.  Thucydides 

415.  Athenian  expedition  against  Syracuse 

413.  Battle  of  Syracuse 

ca.410-362.  Xenophon 

406-367.  Dionysius  I,  Tyrant  of  Syracuse 

405.  Battle  of  Aegospotami 

404.  Government  of  the  Thirty  at  Athens 

403.  Deliverance  of  Athens  by  Thrasybulus 

399-394.  Spartan  campaigns  in  Asia  Minor 

396.  Veii  taken  by  Camillus 

390.  Battle  of  the  Allia;  Rome  taken  by  the  Gauls 

394.  Corinthian  War 

387.  Peace  of  Antalcidas 

382.  Cadmeia  of  Thebes  taken  by  the  Spartans 

379.  The   Spartans   driven   out  of  Thebes;   leadership   of  Pelopidas 

and  Epaminondas 

379.  Olynthian  confederacy  suppressed  by  Sparta 

371.  Battle  of  Leuctra 

369.  The  Arcadian  League;  foundation  of  Megalopolis 

789 


790  THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


B.  C. 

369.  Restoration   of   Messene 

367-356.  Dionysius  II,  Tyrant  of  Syracuse 

366.  Lucius  Sextius,  first  Plebeian  Consul 

362.  Battle  of  Mantinea;   death  of  Epaminondas 

359.  Philip,  King  of  Macedonia 

ca.356-322.  Demosthenes 

347.  Olynthus  taken  by  Philip 

343.  First  Samnite  War 

340.  Latin  War 

338.  Battle   of  Chaeroneia 

336.  Alexander  the  Great,  King  of  Macedonia 

335.  Thebes   destroyed  by  Alexander 

334.  Battle  of  the  Granicus 

333.  Battle  of  Issus 

332.  Foundation  of  Alexandria 

331.  Battle  of  Arbela 

326.  Second  Samnite  War 

323.  Death  of  Alexander 

323.  The  Lamian  War 

322.  Submission  of  Athens  to  Antipater 

ca. 310-286.  Agathocles,  Tyrant  of  Syracuse 

301.  Battle  of  Ipsus 

298-290.  Third  Samnite  War 

295.  Pyrrhus,  King  of  Epirus 

294.  Demetrius  Poliarcetes 

281.  War  between  Pyrrhus  and  the  Romans 

280.  Gaulish  Invasion  of  Greece  and  Macedonia 

280,  Revival  of  the  Achaean  League 

280.  Beginning  of  Kingdom  of  Pergamus 

279.  Gaulish  Settlement  in  Asia 

275.  Battle  of  Beneventum 

272.  Death  of  Pyrrhus  at  Argos 

270-216.  Hiero  II,  King  of  Syracuse 

264-241.  First  Punic  War 

251.  Sicyon  joins  the  Achaean  League 

250.  Rise  of  the  Parthian  Dynasty 

247.  Aratus,  General  of  the  Achaean  League 

236.  Cleomenes,  King  of  Sparta 

229.  War  between  Rome  and   Illyria 

227.  War  between  Sparta  and  the  Achaean  League 

223.  Corinth  given  up  to  Antigonus  Doson 

221.  Battle  of  Sellasia 

221.  Death  of  Cleomenes 

220-217.  The  Confederate  War 

218.  Second  Punic  War 

218-206.  The  Scipios  in  Spain 

217.  Battle  of  Lake  Trasimene 

216.  Battle  of  Cannae 

213-205.  First  Macedonian  War 

207.  Battle   of  Metaurus 

206-201.  Publius   Cornelius   Scipio   in   Africa 

202.  Battle  of  Zama 

200.  Second   Macedonian   War 

197.  Battle  of  Cynoscephalae 

191.  Defeat  of  Antiochus  the  Great  at  Thermopylae 

191.  Roman   Conquest  of  Cisalpine  Gaul 

191.  Defeat  of  Antiochus  at   Magnesia 


WORLD    CHRONOLOGY  791 

B.  C. 

189.  Roman   Conquest  of  ^Etolia 

ca.  182-146.  Polybius 

171.  Third  Macedonian  War 

168.  The  Lycian  League 

168.  Battle    of   Pydna 

149.  Third  Punic  War 

149.  Fourth  Macedonian  War 

148.  Macedonia  becomes  a  Roman   Province 

146.  Carthage  taken  by  the  Romans 

146.  War  between  Rome  and  Achaea;  destruction  of  Corinth 

133.  Attalus  bequeaths  Pergamus  to  the   Romans 

133.  Roman  Conquest  of  Numantia 

133.  Tribunate  of  Tiberius  Gracchus 

125.  First  Roman  Province  in  Transalpine  Gaul 

123.  Tribunate  of  Caius  Gracchus 

III-106.  Jugurthine  War 

109.  Invasion  of  Gaul  by  Cimbri  and  Teutons 

107.  Caius  Marius,  Roman  Consul 

102.  Defeat  of  the  Teutons  at  Aquae   Sextise 

101.  Defeat  of  the  Cimbri  at  Vercellae 

90.  The  Social  War 

88-82.  Civil   War   between   Marius   and    Sulla 

88.  First  Mithridatic  War 

87.  Battles  of  Chaeroneia  and  Orchomenus 

82.  Dictatorship  of  Sulla  in  Rome 

74-64.  Second    Mithridatic    War 

64.  Roman  Conquest  of  Syria 

63.  Jerusalem  taken  by  Pompeius 

58-51.  Conquests  of  Caesar  in  Gaul 

55-54.  Caesar's   Invasions   of   Britain 

54-53.  Parthian   Expedition  and   Death   of  Crassus 

49.  Civil  War  of  Pompeius  and  Caesar  in  Rome 

48.  Defeat  of  Pompeius  at  Pharsalus 

45.  Perpetual  Dictatorship  of  Caesar 

44.  Death   of  Caesar 

43.  Second  Civil  War  in  Rome 

42.  Battle  of   Philippi 

32.  War  between  Octavius  and  Antonius 

31.  Battle    of    Actium 

27.  Title  of  Augustus  taken  by  Octavius 

27.  Beginning  of  the   Roman   Empire 

1 1-9.  Campaigns  of  Drusus  and  Tiberius  in  Germany 

ca.  4.  Jesus  Christ  born. 
A.  D. 

9.  Defeat  of  Varus  by  Arminius 

13.  Germanicus  leads  the  Romans  into  Germany 

14.  Tiberius,  Emperor  of  Rome 
15-16.  Campaigns  of  Germanicus 

33.  Crucifixion   and   Resurrection   of  Christ 

37-41.  Caligula,  Emperor  of  Rome 

41-54.  Claudius,  Emperor  of  Rome 

42-66.  St.  Peter,  first  Bishop  of  Rome 

43.  Claudius  in  Britain 
54-68.  Nero,  Emperor  of  Rome 
66-78.  St.  Linus,  Bishop  of  Rome 

68-69.  Galba,  Otho,  Vitellius,  Emperors  of  Rome 

69-70.  Revolt  of  Civilis 


792 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


A.  D. 

70-79.  Vespasian,  Emperor  of  Rome 

70.  Destruction  of  Jerusalem 

78-91.  St.  Cletus,  Pope  of  Rome 

79-81.  Domitian,  Emperor  of  Rome 

81-96.  Titus,  Emperor  of  Rome 

84.  Final  Conquest  of  Britain  by  Agricola 

86.  Dacian   War 

91-100.  St.  Clement  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

96-98.  Nerva,  Emperor  of  Rome 

98-117.  Trajan,  Emperor  of  Rome 

100-109.  St.  Evaristus,  Pope  of  Rome 

109-119.  St.  Alexander,  Pope  of  Rome 

1 17-138.  Hadrian 

1 19-127.  St.  Sixtus  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

127-139.  St.   Telesphorus,    Pope    of   Rome 

138-161.  Antoninus  Pius 

139-142.  St.  Hyginus,  Pope  of  Rome 

142-157.  St.  Pius,  Pope  of  Rome 

157-168.  St.  Anicetus,  Pope  of  Rome 

161-180.  Marcus   Aurelius,   Emperor   of  Rome 

168-177.  St.   Loterus,  Pope  of  Rome 

177-193.  St.  Eleutherius,  Pope  of  Rome 

180-193.  Commodus,    Emperor   of    Rome 

193-211.  Septimius  Severus,  Emperor  of  Rome 

193-202.  St.  Victor  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

202-219.  St.  Zephyrinus,   Pope  of  Rome 

211-217.  Antoninus  Caracalla,  Emperor  of  Rome 

219-222.  St.   Calixtus,  Pope  of  Rome 

222-235.  Alexander   Severus,    Emperor   of   Rome 

223-230.  St.  Urban  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

226.  Sassanid  Dynasty  in  Persia 

230-235.  St.  Pontianus,  Pope  of  Rome 

235-236.  St.   Anterus,   Pope  of   Rome 

236-250.  St.  Fabian,  Pope  of  Rome 

251.  St.   Cornelius,  Pope  of   Rome 

252.  St.   Lucius,   Pope  of  Rome 
253-260.  Valerian,  Emperor  of  Rome 
253-257.  St.  Stephen  I,  Pope  of  Rome 
257-258.  St.  Sixtus  II,  Pope  of  Rome 
259-269.  St.  Dionysius,  Pope  of  Rome 
260-268.  Gallienus,  Emperor  of  Rome 

261.  Kingdom  of  Palmyra  formed 

268-270.  Claudius    II,  Emperor  of  Rome 

269-270.  Defeats   of  the   Goths  by   Claudius 

269-275.  St.  Felix  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

270-275.  Aurelian,  Emperor  of  Rome 

273.  Overthrow  of  the  Kingdom  of  Palmyra 

275-283.  St.    Eutychianus,   Pope    of   Rome 

283-296.  St.  Caius,  Pope  of  Rome 

284-305.  Diocletian,  Emperor  of  Rome 

286-305.  Maximian,  joint  Emperor  of  Rome  with  Diocletian 

296-304.  St.  Marcellinus,  Pope  of  Rome 

308-310.  St.  Marcellus,  Pope  of  Rome 

311-314.  St.  Miltiades,  Pope  of  Rome 

314.  Commencement  of  temporal  power  of  the  Popes 

314-336.  St.  Silvester,  Pope  of  Rome 

323-337.  Constantine  the  Great,  sole  Emperor  of  Rome 


WORLD    CHRONOLOGY 


793 


A.  D. 

324.  Foundation   of   Constantinople 

325.  Council  of  Nicaea 
336-337-  St.  Marcus,  Pope  of  Rome 
337-352.  St.  Julius  I,   Pope  of  Rome 

350.  Constantius  becomes  sole  Emperor  of  Rome 

352-355.  Liberius,  Pope  of   Rome 

355-358.  Felix  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

356-360.  Campaigns  of  Julian  in  Gaul 

359-365.  Liberius  again   Pope  of  Rome 

360-363.  Julian,  Emperor  of  Rome 

366-367.  St.  Damascus  becomes  Pope;  opposes  the  Arians;  St.  Jerome, 

his   secretary,  corrects   Latin   Bible 

367-384.  Ursinus,   Pope  of   Rome 

376.  The   Goths  cross  the   Danube 

376.  Russia  invaded  by  the  Huns 

378.  Battle  of   Hadrianople 

384-398.  Siricius,  Pope  of  Rome 

393.  Theodosius  the  Great  becomes  sole  Emperor  of  Rome 

395.  Roman    Empire   divided 

398-402.  St.   Anastasius,   Pope  of  Rome 

402.  Alaric  in   Italy 

402-417.  St.    Innocent   I,   Pope   of   Rome 

403.  Stilicho   defeats   Alaric 
410.  Rome  taken  by  Alaric 

410.  The   Roman  Legions  leave  Britain 

414.  Beginning  of  the   Gothic  Kingdom  in   Spain  and   Gaul 

417-418.  St.   Zozimus,   Pope  of   Rome 

418-422.  St.  Boniface  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

422-432.  St.   Celestine   I,  Pope  of  Rome 

429.  Settlement  of  the  Vandals  in  Africa 

432-440.  Sixtus  III,   Pope  of  Rome 

440-461.  St.  Leo   (I)  the  Great,  Pope  of  Rome 

445.  Attila  founds  the  city  of  Buda 

449-547.  Anglo-Saxon   Conquest  of  Britain 

451.  Defeat  of  Attila  at   Chalons 

457-461.  Majorian,  Emperor  of  the  West 

461-468.  St.   Hilary,  Pope  of  Rome 

468-483.  St.    Simplicus,   Pope   of   Rome 

476.  Reunion  of  the   Roman   Empires   under  Zeno 

476.  Odoacer  extinguishes  the  Roman  Empire 

483-492.  St.   Felix  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

492-496.  St.  Gelasius,  Pope  of  Rome;  fixes  canon  of  Scriptures 

493-526.  Reign  of  Theodoric  in   Italy 

496-498.  St.  Anastasius   II,  Pope  of  Rome 

498-514.  Symmachus,  Pope  of  Rome 

514-523.  Hounisdas,  Pope  of  Rome 

523-526.  John   I,   Pope  of  Rome 

526-530.  Felix  IV,   Pope  of  Rome 

527-565.  Justinian,  Emperor  of  the  East 

530-533.  Boniface   II,  Pope  of  Rome 

531-579-  Chosroes    (Khusru)    or   Anushirwan,   King   of   Persia 

533-535-  John   (II)   Mercurius,  Pope  of  Rome 

534.  Campaigns  of  Belisarius  in  Africa 

535-536.  Agapetus,  Pope  of  Rome 

536-554.  Italy  recovered  by  Belisarius  and  Narses 

536-537.  St.    Silverius,   Pope   of   Rome 

537-555-  Vigilius,  Pope  of  Rome 


794 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


A.  D. 

555-560.  Pelagius  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

560-573.  John  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

568.  Lombard   Settlements   in    Italy 

569.  Birth  of  Mohammed 

574-578.  Benedict  (I)    Bonosus,  Pope  of  Rome 

578-590.  Pelagius  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

582-602.  Maurice,    Emperor    of   the    East 

590-628.  Chosroes   (Khusru)   Parviz,   King  of  Persia 

590-604.  St.  Gregory  the  Great,  Pope  of  Rome 

597-681.  Conversion  of  the  English 

602-610.  Phokas,  Emperor  of  the  East 

604-606.  Sabinianus,  Pope  of  Rome 

606.  Boniface   III,   Pope  of   Rome 

607-614.  Boniface  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

609.  Beginning  of  Mohammed's  Mission 

610-641.  Heraclius,  Emperor  of  the  East 

611-615.  Campaigns  of  Chosroes 

614-617.  St.  Deusdedit,  Pope  of  Rome 

617-625.  Boniface  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

623-628.  Heraclius  overthrows  the   Persian  power 

625-639.  Honorius   I,  Pope  of   Rome 

632.  Death  of  Mohammed;  Abu-Bekr  Caliph 

632-639.  Saracen  Conquest  of  Syria 

632-651.  Saracen  Conquest  of  Persia 

638.  Saracen  Conquest  of  Egypt 

640.  Library  at  Alexandria  burned 

640.  Severinus,  Pope  of  Rome 

640-642.  John  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

642-649.  St.  Theodorus  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

647-709.  Saracen  Conquest  of  Africa 

649-654.  Martin  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

654-657.  Eugenius  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

657-672.  Vitalianus,  Pope  of  Rome 

672-676.  Adeodatus,  Pope  of  Rome 

673.  First  Siege  of  Constantinople 

676-678.  Domnus  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

678-682.  St.  Agathon,  Pope  of  Rome 

682-683.  St.   Leo  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

684-685.  Benedict  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

685-686.  John  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

686-687.  Conon,  Pope  of  Rome 

687-701.  Sergius,  Pope  of  Rome 

698.  Carthage  taken  by  the  Saracens 

701-705.  John  VI,  Pope  of  Rome 

705-708.  John  VII,  Pope  of  Rome 

708.  Sisinnius,  Pope  of  Rome 

708-715.  Constantine,    Pope   of    Rome 

710-713.  Saracen   Conquest  of   Spain 

711.  Roderic,  King  of  Spain 

7TS-73T-  St.  Gregory  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

716.  Second  Siege  of  Constantinople 

718-741.  Leo  the  Isaurian,  Emperor  of  the  East 

728.  Iconoclast    Controversy    in    Italy 

731-741.  Gregory  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

732.  Battle  of  Tours;  defeat  of  the  Saracens  by  Charles  Martel 

741-752.  St.  Zacharias,  Pope  of  Rome 

741-775-  Constantine   Copronymus,   Emperor  of  the   East 


WORLD    CHRONOLOGY 


795 


A.  D. 

750.  End  of  the  Ommiad  Dynasty  at  Damascus 

752.  Stephen  II,  Pope  of  Rome 
752-768.  Pepin  the  Short,  King  of  France 
752-757.  Stephen  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

753.  Pepin,  King  of  the  Franks 

755.  Abd-al-rahman  founds  the  Ommiad  Dynasty  in  Spain 

755.  The   Saracens   driven  out  of   Gaul 

757-767.  Paul  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

767-768.  Constantine    Theophylactus 

768-772.  Stephen  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

768-814.  Charles  the  Great   (Charlemagne),  King  of  France 

772-795.  Adrian  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

774.  Charles  the  Great  overthrows  the  Lombard  Kingdom 

795-816.  Leo  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

800.  Charles  the  Great,  Emperor  of  the  West 

802-837.  Ecgberht,   King  of  West-Saxons 

814-840.  Louis  (I)   le  Debonnaire,  King  of  France 

816-817.  Stephen  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

817-824.  Pascal  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

823.  Saracen  Conquest  of  Crete 

824-827.  Eugenius  II,   Pope  of  Rome 

827.  Valentinius,  Pope  of  Rome 

827-837.  Egbert,    King  of   England 

827-844.  Gregory   IV,   Pope   of   Rome 

827-878.  Saracen  Conquest  of  Sicily 

837-857.  Ethelwolf,  King  of  England 

840-855.  Lothaire   I,   King  of   France 

840-877.  Charles  the  Bald,   King  of  France 

843.  Treaty  of  Verdun 

844-847.  Sergius  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

847-855.  Leo  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

855-858.  Benedict  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

855-875.  Louis  II,  King  of  France 

857.  Ethelbald,    King   of    England 

858-867.  Nicholas  I,  Pope  of  Rome 

860-866.  Ethelbert,  King  of  England 

862.  Rurik  the   Norman   arrives   at   Novgorod 

867-872.  Adrian  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

867-1028.  The  Macedonian   Emperors  in  the  East 

871-901.  Alfred    the    Great,     King    of     England 

872-882.  John  VIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

875.  Charles  the  Bald  of  France  made  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

881-887.  Arnulf,    King   of    Germany 

882-884.  Martin  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

884-885.  Adrian   III,   Pope  of  Rome 

885.  Paris  besieged  by  the  Northmen 

885-891.  Stephen  VI,  Pope  of  Rome 

887.  Division  of  the   Carolingian   Empire 

889.  Turks  or  Magyars  colonize  Hungary 

891-896.  Formosus,  Pope  of  Rome 

894.  The  Danes  ravage  Mercia 

896.  Arnulf,  King  of  Germany,  crowned  Emperor  of  Rome 
896-897.  Boniface  VI,  Pope  of  Rome 

897.  Stephen  VII,  Pope  of  Rome 
897-898.  Romanus,   Pope   of   Rome 

898.  Theodorus  II,  Pope  of  Rome 
898-900.  John  IX,  Pope  of  Rome 


796 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


A.  D. 

899.  Louis   (III)   the   Blind,   Emperor  of  Germany 

899-911.  Louis  (IV)   the  Child,  King  of  Germany 

900-903.  Benedict  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

901-925.  Edward  the  Elder,  King  of  England 

903.  Leo  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

903.  Christopher,  Pope  of  Rome 

904-911.  Sergius  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

911-913.  Anastasius  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

911-918.  Conrad  I,  King  of  Germany 

913.  Settlement  of  Rolf  in  Gaul 

913-914.  Landonius,   Pope   of   Rome 

914-928.  John  X,  Pope  of  Rome 

918-936.  Henry  (I)  the  Fowler,  King  of  Germany 

922-923.  Robert,  King  of  France 

924.  Edward  the  Elder,  Lord  of  all  Britain 

925-940.  Athelstan,  King  of  England 

928-929.  Leo  VI,  Pope  of  Rome 

929-931.  Stephen  VIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

931-936.  John  XI,  Pope  of  Rome 

936-939.  Leo  VII,  Pope  of  Rome 

936-973.  Otho  (I)  the  Great,  King  of  Germany 

939-942.  Stephen   IX,  Pope  of   Rome 

940-946.  Edmund  I,  King  of  England 

942-946.  Martin  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

946-955.  Eadred,  King  of  England 

946-956.  Agapetus  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

955-958.  Edgar  the  Peaceable,  King  of  England 

956-963.  John  XII,  Pope  of  Rome 

962.  Otho    I,    King   of   Germany,   crowned   the    Holy   Roman   Em- 
peror 

963-964.  Leo  VIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

964-965.  Benedict  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

965-972.  John  XIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

972.  Otto  II,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

972-974.  Benedict   VI,   Pope   of   Rome 

974-975.  Domnus  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

975-979-  Edward  the  Martyr,  King  of  England 

975-984.  Benedict  VII,  Pope  of  Rome 

977-995-  Hakon  Jarl,  King  of  Norway 

979-1013.  Sweyn,  King  of  England 

983.  Otto  III,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

984.  John  XIV,  Pope  of  Rome 
984.  John  XV,  Pope  of  Rome 

985-996.  John  XVI,  Pope  of  Rome 

986.  Louis  (V)  the  Indolent,  King  of  France 

987-996.  Hugh  Capet  the  Great,  King  of  France 

995-1000.  Olaf  (I)  Trygvaeson,  King  of  Norway 

996-999.  Gregory  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

996-1031.  Robert  (II)  the  Sage,  King  of  France 

999-1003.  Sylvester   II,    Pope   of   Rome 

1000.  Leif  Ericson  winters  in  Vinland 

1001-1026.  Mohammedan  Invasion  of  India 

1003.  John  XVII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1003-1009.  John  XVIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1009-1012.  Sergius  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1012-1024.  Benedict  VIII,  Pope  of   Rome 

1013-1016.  Danish   Conquest  of   England 


WORLD    CHRONOLOGY 


797 


A.  D. 

1014-1035.  Canute,   King  of  England 

1024-1033.  John  XIX,  Pope  of  Rome 

1024-1039.  Conrad    (II)    the    Salique,    King  of  Germany 

1027.  Conrad    (II),    Holy    Roman    Emperor 

1031.  End  of  the  Ommiad  Dynasty  in  Spain 
1031-1060.  Henry  I,  King  of  France 

1032.  Union   of   Burgundy   with   the    Empire 
1033-1044.  Benedict  IX,  Pope  of  Rome 

1035.  Rise  of  the  Seljuk  Turks 

1035-1040.  Harold  I,  King  of  England 

1039-1056.  Henry  (III)  the  Black,  King  of  Germany 

1040-1042.  Edward  the  Confessor,  King  of  England 

1042-1066.  Harold   II,   King   of   England 

1044.  Sylvester  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

1044-1046.  Gregory  VI,  Pope  of  Rome 

1046.  Henry  III,   Holy  Roman  Emperor 

1046-1047.  Clement  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

1047-1048.  Benedict  IX,  Pope  of  Rome 

1048.  Damasus   II,   Pope   of    Rome 

1048-1054.  St.   Leo  IX,  Pope  of  Rome 

1055.  Togrel  Beg  helps  the  Caliph  Al  Kayem  against  the  Dilemites 
1055-1057.  Victor  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

1056.  Henry  IV,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 
1057-1058.  Stephen  X,   Pope  of  Rome 

1058.  Benedict  IX,   Pope  of   Rome 

1058-1061.  Nicholas  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

1060-1090.  Norman    Conquest  of  Sicily 

1060-1108.  Philip   (I)  the  Fair,  King  of  France 

1061-1073.  Alexander   II,   Pope   of   Rome 

1066.  Battle  of  Senlac  (Hastings);  Norman  Conquest  of  England 

1066-1087.  William   the    Conqueror,    King   of    England 

1071.  Battle  of  Manzikert 

1073.  Revolt  of  the   Saxons  against  Henry  IV 

I073-io8o.  St  Gregory  VII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1077.  Henry  IV  at   Canossa 

1080-1085.  Clement  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

1084.  Alfonso  of  Leon  takes  Toledo 

1087.  Dynasty  of  the  Almoravides  in  Spain 

1086-1088.  Victor  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

1087-1100.  William  (II)  Rufus,  King  of  England 

1088-1099.  Urban  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

1092.  Division  of  the  Seljuk  Empire 

1095.  Council   of  Clermont 

1095.  Portugal  taken  from  the   Saracens  by  Henry  of  Besangon 

1096.  The  First  Crusade 
1099-1118.  Pascal  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

1099.  Jerusalem  taken  by  the  Crusaders 

1100-1135.  Henry  (I)   Beauclerc,  King  of  England 

1106-1125.  Henry  V,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

1108-1137.  Louis    (VI)    the    Lusty,    King  of   France 

1 1 18.  Alfonso  of  Aragon  takes  Saragossa 

1118-1119.  Gelasius   II,  Pope  of  Rome 

1118-1143.  John   Comnenus,   Eastern   Emperor 

1119-1124.  Calixtus  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

1 122.  The   Concordat   of   Worms 

1124-1130.  Honorius  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

1125-1138.  Lothar  of  Saxony,  Emperor 


798 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


A. 

1130- 
"35- 

1138- 
"38- 
"38- 
"43- 
"43- 
"44- 
"45- 


1150- 
"52- 
"53- 
"54- 
"54- 

"59- 


i\77- 
1180- 
1181- 

1185- 


1187- 
1189- 
1190- 
1191- 

"94- 

1198- 
1198- 
"99- 


1213- 


1215- 
1216- 
1216- 
121 7- 


D. 

130.  Norman  Kingdom  of  Sicily 

138.  Innocent  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

154.  Stephen,  King  of  England 

180.  Louis  (VII)  the  Young,  King  of  France 

257.  House  of  Hohenstaufen  or  Suabia  rules  in  Germany 

152.  Conrad  III,  Holy   Roman  Emperor 

143.  Victor  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

180.  Manuel   Comenus,   Eastern   Emperor 

144.  Celestine  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

145.  Lucius  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

153.  Eugenius  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

146.  The  Dynasty  of  the  Almohades  in  Spain 

147.  The  Second   Crusade 

177.  Henry   II,  Duke  of  Austria 

190.  Frederick  (I)  Barbarossa,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

154.  Anastasius   IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

189.  Henry   (II)   Plantagenet,  King  of  England 

159.  Adrian  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

156.  Austria  became  a  duchy 

181.  Alexander  III,  Pope  of  Rome 
167.  The  Lombard  League 

171.  English  Conquest  of  Ireland 

171.  Saladin  overthrows  the  Fatimite   Dynasty 

176.  Manuel,  Eastern  Emperor,  defeated  by  the  Turks 

194.  Leopold  V,  Duke  of  Austria 

223.  Philip  (II)   Augustus,  King  of  France 

185.  Lucius  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

183.  Peace   of    Constance 

187.  Urban  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

187.  Saladin  takes  Jerusalem 

187.  Gregory  VIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

191.  Clement  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

199.  Richad  (I)  Cceur  de  Lion,  King  of  England 

198.  Henry    (VI)    Asper,    King   of   Germany 

198.  Celestine  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

194.  Conquest  of  Sicily  by  Henry  VI 

198.  Frederic  (I)  the  Catholic,  Duke  of  Austria 

195.  Battle  of  Alarcon 

216.  Innocent  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

230.  Leopold  (VI)  the  Glorious,  Duke  of  Austria 

216.  John,  King  of  England 

201.  Alliance  between  the  Crusaders  and  Venetians 

203.  First  Latin  Siege 

204.  Constantinople  taken  by  Venetians  and  Crusaders 
206.  Invasion  of  the  Mongols  under  Jenghiz  Khan 
208.  Crusade  against  the  Albigenses 

212.  Battle  of  Tolosa 

276.  James  the  Conqueror,  King  of  Aragon 

214.  Battle  of  Bouvines 

215.  Magna   Carta  granted  by  John 
246.  Frederick  11,  King  of  Germany 
227.  Honorius  III,  Pope  of  Rome 
272.  Henry  III,  King  of  England 
252.  Ferdinand   III,   King  of   Castile 
222.  Mongol   Invasion   of  Persia 

222.  Andrew  II  signs  the  Golden  Bull  securing  the  liberty  of  Aus- 
tria 


WORLD   CHRONOLOGY 


799 


A.  D. 

ca.  1223.  Tartar  conquests  in  Russia 

1223-1226.  Louis  (VIII)   Coeur  de  Lion,  King  of  France 

1226-1270.  Louis  IX  (Saint  Louis),  King  of  France 

1227-1241.  Gregory  IX,  Pope  of  Rome 

1228.  Frederick  II  crowned  King  of  Jerusalem 

1229.  The  Country  of  Toulouse  joined  to  France 

1230.  Ferdinand  III  permanently  unites  Castile  and  Leon 
1230-1246.  Frederic   (II)   the  Warlike,  Duke  of  Austria 

1232.  Gregory  IX  appoints  inquisitors  in  Spain 

1237.  Kingdom  of  Granada  founded 

1240.  Rise  of  the  Ottoman  Turks 

1241.  Battle  of  Liegnitz 

1241.  Celestine  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1243-1254.  Innocent  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1246-1276.  Interregnum  in  Austria 

1248.  First  Crusade  of  St.  Louis  of  France 

1250-1256.  Conrad  IV,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

1254-1261.  Alexander  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1256-1273.  The  Interregnum  in  Germany 

1258.  Manfred,  King  of  Sicily 

1258.  End  of  the  Bagdad  Caliphate 

1259-1282.  Michael  Palaeologus,  Eastern  Emperor 

1261.  Recovery  of  Constantinople  from  the  Latins 

1261-1265.  Urban  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1265.  Battle  of  Evesham 

1265.  Dante  born 

1265-1268.  Clement  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1266.  Conquest  of  Sicily  by  Charles  of  Anjou 
1270-1285.  Philip  (III)  the  Hardy,  King  of  France 
1271-1276.  Gregory  X,  Pope  of  Rome 
1272-1307.  Edward  I,  King  of  England 

1273.  Rudolph,  son  of  Albert  IV,  founds  the  Hapsburg  Line 

1276.  Vicedominus,  Pope  of  Rome 

1276.  Adrian  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

1276.  Innocent  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

1276-1277.  Nicholas  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

1276-1282.  Rudolph  I,  Duke  of  Austria 

1277-1280.  Nicholas  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

1281-1285.  Martin  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1282.  The  Sicilian  Vespers 

1282.  Wales   united  to   England 

1282-1308.  Albert  I  and  Rudolph  II,  Dukes  of  Austria 

1284.  Genoese  defeat  the  Pisans  off  Meloria 

1285-1288.  Honorius  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1285-1314.  Philip  (IV)  the  Fair,  King  of  France 

1288-1292.  Nicholas  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1291.  Acre  taken  by  the  Mohammedans 

1291.  The  Swiss  cantons  form  a  league  for  protection  and  coopera- 
tion 

1292-1298.  Adolphus,  King  of  Germany 

1294.  St.  Celestine  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

1294-1303.  Boniface  XI,  Pope  of  Rome 

1298-1308.  Albert  I,  King  of  Germany 

1299-1326.  Othman,  Emir  of  Turkey 

1300.  Moscow  made  the  capital  of  Russia 

1302.  Battle  of  Courtray 

1305-1314-  Clement  V,  Pope  of  Rome 


800 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


A.  D. 

1307-1327.  Edward  II,  King  of  England 

1308-1312.  Henry  VII,  Emperor  of  Germany 

1308-1326.  Frederic  I  and  Leopold  I,  Dukes  of  Austria 

1309.  Robert,  King  of  Naples 

1309.  The  Papal  Seat  removed  from  Rome  to  Avignon 

1313.  Interregnum  in  Germany 

1314.  Lewis  of  Bavaria,  King  of  Germany 

1314.  Philip  the  Fair  annexes  Lyons  to  France 
1314-1316.  Louis  (X)   Huntin,  King  of  France 

1314-1330.  Louis  IV  of  Bavaria  and  Frederick  III  of  Austria,  rival  Ger- 
man Emperors 

1315.  Battle  of  Morgarten 

1316.  John  I,  King  of  France 

1316-1322.  Philip  (V)  the  Long,  King  of  France 

1316-1334.  John  XXII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1322-1328.  Charles    (IV)    the    Handsome,    King    of    France;    last    of   the 

House  of  Capet 

1326-1330.  Frederic  I,  Duke  of  Austria   (alone) 

1326-1360.  Orchan,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1327-1377.  Edward  III,  King  of  England 

1328.  Lewis  of  Bavaria,  Emperor  of  Germany 

1328.  Independence   of   Scotland 

1328-1350.  Philip   (VI)   de  Valois,  the  Fortunate,   King  of  France 

1330-1339.  Albert  II  and  Otho,  Dukes  of  Austria 

1330-1349.  Louis  IV  of  Bavaria,  German  Emperor 

1334-1342.  Benedict  XII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1337-  English  invasion  of   France,  begins  Hundred  Years'  War 

1339-1358.  Albert  II,   Duke  of  Austria 

1341-1347.  First  Passage  of  the  Turks  into  Europe 

1342.  Louis,  King  of  Hungary 

1342-1352.  Clement  VI,  Pope  of  Rome 

1343-  Joanna  I,  Queen  of  Naples 

1346.  Battle  of  Creqy 

1347.  Rienzi   at   Rome 

1347-1378.  Charles  (IV)  of  Luxemburg,  German  Emperor 

1348.  Persecution  of  the  Jews  begun  at  Chillon 
1350-1364.  John  (II)  the  Good,  King  of  France 
1352-1362.  Innocent  VI,  Pope  of  Rome 

1356.  Golden  Bull,  fundamental  law  of  the  German  Empire 

1356.  The  Battle  of  Poitiers 

1358-1365.  Rudolph  IV,  Duke  of  Austria 

1360.  Peace  of  Bretigny 
1360-1389.  Amurath  I,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1361.  Philip  of  Valois,  Duke  of  Burgundy 
1361.  Hadrianople  taken  by  the  Turks 

1361.  King  Waldemar  wars  against  the  Hanseatic  League 

1362-1370.  Urban  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

1364-1380.  Charles  (V)  the  Wise,  King  of  France 

1365-1395.  Albert  III  and  Leopold  II  or  III,  Dukes  of  Austria 

1366.  Battle  of  Najara 

1370.  Rise  of  Timour 

I37°-I378.  Gregory  XI,  Pope  of  Rome 

1376.  Return  of  the  Popes  to  Rome 

I377-I399.  Richard  II,  King  of  England 

1378-1400.  Wenceslas,   King  of  Bohemia 

1378.  Urban  VI,  Pope  of  Rome 

1378-1389.  Clement  VII,  Pope  of  Rome 


WORLD    CHRONOLOGY 


801 


A.  D. 

1378.  Beginning  of  the  Great  Schism 

1378.  Beginning  of  the  War  of  Chioggia 

1380.  Tartar  war  in  Russia 

1380-1393.  Timur  conquers  Persia 

1383.  Moscow  burned 

1385.  John  the  Great,  King  of  Portugal 

1386.  Battle  of  Sempach 

1386.  Union  of  Poland  and  Lithuania 

1389-1397.  Margaret,  Queen  of  Sweden,  Norway,  and  Denmark 

1380-1394.  Boniface  IX,  Pope  of  Rome 

1389-1403.  Bajazet  (I)   Ilderim,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1394-1404.  Benedict  XIII,  Pope  at  Avignon 

1395-  Gian  Galeazzo  Visconti,  Duke  of  Milan 

I395-I4II-  William  I  and  his  brothers  and  their  cousin  Albert  IV,  Dukes 
of  Austria 

1396.  Victory  of  Bajazet  at  Nicopolis 

1397-  The  Union  of  Calmar 

1399-1413.  Henry  IV,  King  of  England 

1402.  Bajazet  defeated  by  Timur  at  Angora 

1403-1410.  Solieman,   Sultan  of  Turkey 

1404.  John  the  Fearless,  Duke  of  Burgundy 
1404-1406.  Innocent  VII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1405.  Death  of  Timur 

1406.  Pisa  becomes  subject  to  Florence 
1406-1409.  Gregory  XII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1409.  Sicily  united  to  Aragon 

1409.  Council  of  Pisa 

1409-1410.  Alexander  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

1410-1438.  Sigismund,   King  of  Hungary  and   Holy   Roman   Emperor 

1410-1413.  Musa-Chelebi,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1410-1417.  John  XXIII,  anti-Pope 

1411-1439.  Albert  V,  Duke  of  Austria 

1412-1431.  Joan  of  Arc 

1413-1421.  Mohammed  I,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1413-1422.  Henry  V,  King  of  England 

1415.  Council  of  Constance 

1415.  John  Huss  burned 

1415.  Battle  of  Agincourt 

1416.  Alfonso  V,  King  of  Aragon 
1417-1424.  Martin  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

1419.  Henry  V  takes  Rome 

1419.  Philip  the  Good,  Duke  of  Burgundy 

1419.  Jane  II,  Queen  of  Naples 

1420.  Treaty  of  Troyes 
1421-1451.  Amurath  II,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1422.  Siege  of  Constantinople 

1422-1461.  Henry  VI,  King  of  England 

1422-1461.  Louis  XI,  King  of  France 

1424-1429.  Clement  VIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1429.  Battle  of  Orleans 

1431.  Council   of   Basle 

1431-1439.  Eugenius  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1435.  Treaty  of  Arras 

1438.  Imperial   House   of   Austria  begins   to   rule   in    Germany   with 

Albert  II  as  Emperor 

1439.  Council  of  Florence 
1439-1449.  Felix  V,  Pope  of  Rome 


802 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


A.  D. 

1439-1457.  Ladislaus,  Duke  of  Austria 

1440-1493.  Frederick  (IV)  the  Pacific,  Emperor  of  Germany 

1444.  Battle  of  Varna 

1444.  Battle  of  St.  Jacob  near  Basle 

1447.  Death  of  Filippo  Maria  Visconti,  Duke  of  Milan 
1447-1455.  Nicholas  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

1448.  Christian  I,  King  of  Denmark 

1448-1453.  Constantine  Palaeologus,  Emperor  of  the  East 

1450.  Francesco  Sforza,  Duke  of  Milan 

1451-1481.  Mohammed  II,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1452.  End  of  the  Hundred  Years'  War 

1453.  The  Turks  take  Constantinople 
1455-1458.  Calixtus  III,  Pope  of  Rome 
1455-1485.  Wars  of  York  and  Lancaster 

1456.  John  Hunyady  drives  back  the.  Turks  from  Belgrade 

1457-1493.  Emperor  Frederic  III  and  Albert  VI,  Dukes  of  Austria 

1458-1490.  Matthias  Corvinus,  King  of  Hungary 

1458-1464.  Pius  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

1461.  Mohammed  II  conquers  the  Empire  of  Trebizond 
1461-1483.  Edward  IV,  King  of  England 

1461-1483.  Louis  XI,  King  of  France 

1462.  Spaniards  capture  Gibraltar 
1464-1471.  Paul  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

1466.  Casimir  IV,  King  of  Poland,  wins  West  Prussia  from  the  Teu- 
tonic Knights 

1471.  Union  of  Castile  and  Aragon 

1471-1484.  Sixtus  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1477.  Ivan  Vasilovitch  frees  Russia  from  the  Moguls 

1480.  The  Inquisition  is  established  in  Spain 

1481-1512.  Bajazet  II,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1483.  Luther  born 

1483-1485.  Edward  V,  King  of  England 

1483-1498.  Charles  (VIII)  the  Affable,  King  of  France 

1484-1492.  Innocent  VIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1485-1509.  Henry  VII,  King  of  England 

i486;  Discovery  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope 

1492.  Granada  taken  by  Ferdinand  II 

1492.  Christopher  Columbus  discovers  America 

1492-1503.  Alexander  VI,  Pope  of  Rome 

1493-1519.  Maximilian  I,  Emperor  of  Germany 

1493-1804.  Austria  merged  in  Germany 

1494.  Charles  VIII  of  France  enters  Italy 

1494.  Florence  gets  rid  of  the  Medici 

1494.  Pisa  regains  her  liberty 

1498.  Sebastian   Cabot  sails  along  the   North  American   coast  from 

Maine  to  Cape  Hatteras 

1498-1515.  Louis  XII,  King  of  France 

1499.  Swiss  Independence  is  established 

1500.  Louis  XII  of  France  conquers  the  Duchy  of  Milan 

1501.  Shah  Ismail,  first  Sopli  of  Persia 

1503.  Pius  III,  Pope  of  Rome 
1503-1513.  Julius  II,  Pope  of  Rome 

1504.  Ferdinand  of  Spain  and  Sicily  conquers  Naples 

1507.  Luther  consecrated  as  a  priest 

1508.  Luther  becomes  professor  in  the  University  of  Wittenberg 
1508.  League  of  Cambray 

1508.  Maximilian  I  takes  the  title  of  Emperor-elect 


WORLD    CHRONOLOGY 


803 


A.  D. 

1509.  Accession  of  Henry  VIII,  King  of  England 

151 1.  Pope  Julius  II  forms  the  Holy  League 

1512.  Ferdinand  conquers  Navarre 
1512.  Battle  of  Ravenna 

1512.  The   Medici  return  to   Florence 

1512.  Germany  divided  into  Circles 

1512.  Luther  returns  from  an  embassy  to  Rome  disgusted  with  the 

frivolity  of  the  clergy 

1512-1516.  Ferdinand  V,  King  of  all  Spain 

1512-1520.  Selim  (I)  the  Inflexible,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1513.  James    IV   of   Scotland   defeated   by   the   English   at    Flodden 

Field 

1513-1522.  Leo  X,  Pope  of  Rome 

1513-1523.  Christian  II,  King  of  Denmark  and  Norway 

1515.  Battle  of  Marignano 

ISI5-I547«  Francis    I,    King   of   France;    ideas    of   the    Renaissance   intro- 
duced 

1516-1556.  Charles  I,  King  of  Spain 

1517.  Luther,    opposing   the   sale   of   indulgences,    issues    his    ninety- 
five  propositions 

1519.  Charles  I  of  Spain  elected  Emperor  as  Charles  V 

1519.  In    consequence    of    the    Leipzig    controversy,    Luther    excom- 
municated 

.  1519.  Magellan    sails    in    the    expedition    that    first    circumnavigates 
the  globe 

1519.  Ulrich  Zwingli  preaches  at  Zurich 
1519-1521.  Mexico  conquered  by  Hernando  Cortez 

1520.  Christian  II  of  Denmark  becomes  King  of  Norway 

1520.  Christian  II,  King  of  Denmark  and  Norway  conquers  Sweden 
1520-1566.  Suleiman  (I  or  II)  the  Magnificent,  Emperor  of  Turkey 

1521.  Suleiman  takes  Belgrade 

1521.  War  between  Charles  V  and  Francis  I 

1521.  Luther  before  the  Diet  of  Worms 

1522.  Knights  of  St.  John  driven  out  of  Rhodes 
1522-1523.  Adrian  VI,  Pope  of  Rome 

1523-1534.  Paul  III   (Alexander  Farnese),  Pope  of  Rome 

1523.  Frederick  I,  King  of  Denmark  and  Norway 
1523-1560.  Gustavus  (I)  Vasa,  King  of  Sweden 

1525.  Bourbon  sacks  Rome 

1525.  Battle  of  Pavia 

1525.  Foundation  of  the  Duchy  of  Prussia 

1526.  Lewis  II  of  Hungary  killed  at  the  Battle  of  Mohacs 

1527.  Sack  of  Rome  by  the  Imperialists 
1527.  The  Medici  driven  out  of  Florence 
1529.  Peace  of  Cambray 

1529.  Diet  of  Speyer 

1529.  Sultan  Suleiman  besieges  Vienna 

1530.  Henry  VIII  assumes  the  title  of  Supreme  Head  of  the  Church 

of  England 

1530.  Confession  of  Augsburg 

1530.  Fall  of  Florence 

1530.  Charles  V  crowned  Emperor 

1531.  Diet  of  Ratisbon 
1531.  Union  of  Germany 

1531.  The  League  of  Schmalkalden 

1531.  Death   of  Zwingli 

1531.  The  Portuguese  colonize  Brazil 


804 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


A.  D. 

I53I-I537-  Alexander  I,  Duke  of  Tuscany 

1532-1536.  Peru  conquered  by  Francisco  Pizarro 

1533.  Cramner  in  opposition  to  the   Pope  declares  the  marriage  of 

Henry  VIII  with  Catherine  of  Aragon  to  be  void 

1533-1584.  Ivan  (IV)  the  Terrible,  Emperor  of  Russia 

1534.  Authority  of  the  Pope  in  England  transferred  to  the  Crown 
1534.  Duke  Charles  of  Savoy  besieges  Geneva 

1536.  Calvin  makes  Geneva  his  home 

I537-I569-  Cosmo  de'  Medici,  Duke  of  Tuscany 

1538.  Truce  of  Nice 

1538.  Unfortunate  German  expedition  to  Algiers 

1540.  The  Society  of  Jesus  founded  by  Ignatius  Loyola 

1541.  De  Soto  discovers  the  Mississippi 

1542.  Birth  and   accession   of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots 

1543.  Nissa  besieged  by  the  Turks 

1544.  Peace  of  Crespy- 
1545-  Council  of  Trent 

1546.  Death  of  Luther 

1547.  Battle  of  Miihlberg 

1547.  Edward  VI  succeeds  Henry  VIII  as  King  of  England 

1547-1559.  Henry  II,  King  of  France;  civil  wars  in  France 

I550-I555-  Jules  III,  Pope  of  Rome 

1552.  Treaty  of  Passau 

1553.  Arctic    Expedition   under   Sir   Hugh   Willoughby   and   Richard 

Chancellor 

1553-  Calais  taken  by  the  English 

1553-  Death  of  Edward  VI  of  England 

1553-  Lady  Jane  Grey  claims  the  English  crown 

1553-1558.  Mary,  Queen  of  England;  persecution  of  English   Protestants 

1555.  Peace  of  Augsburg 

1555-  The  Fall  of  Sienna 

1555.  Abdication  of  Charles  V 

1555.  Marcellus  II,  Pope  of  Rome 
1555-1559-  Paul  IV,  Pope  of  Rome 
1555-1564.  Ferdinand   I,   Emperor  of  Germany 

1556.  Arctic   Expedition   under   Stephens   Burrough 
1556-1598.  Philip  II,  King  of  Spain 

1556.  Akbar,  Emperor  of  Hindustan 

1557-  Cosmo  de'  Medici,  Duke  of  Florence,  gets  possession  of  Sienna 

I557-  Battles   of  St.   Quentin  and   Gravelines 

1558.  Death  of  Charles  V 

1558.  The  French  take  Calais 

1558-1603.  Elizabeth,  Queen  of  England;  Protestantism  restored  in  Eng- 
land 

1559.  Peace  of   Cateau-Cambresis 

1559.  Frederick   II   of  Denmark  and   Norway 
1559-1560.  Francis  II,  King  of  France 

1560.  Death  of  Gustavus  Vasa 
1560-1574.  Charles  IX,  King  of  France 

1562.  Religious  Wars  in  France  begin 

1562.  First  French  Settlement  of  Carolina 

1564.  Shakespeare  born 

1564-1576.  Maximilian  II,  Emperor  of  Germany 

1565.  St.  Augustine  founded 

1566.  The  Netherlands  revolt  against  Philip  II  of  Spain 
1566-1572.  St.  Pius  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

1566-1574.  Selim   II,  Sultan  of  Turkey 


WORLD    CHRONOLOGY 


805 


A.  D. 

1568-1586.  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  claims  the  English  crown 

1569-1574.  Cosmo  de'  Medici,  Grand-Duke  of  Tuscany 

T57i.  Cyprus  taken  by  the  Turks 

1571.  Battle  of  Lepanto;  Turkish  naval  power  destroyed  by  the  Holy 

League 

1572.  Massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew 
1572-1585.  Gregory  XII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1573-  The  Polish  Crown  becomes  purely  elective 

1574-1587.  Francis   I,    Grand-Duke   of  Tuscany 

I574-IS89.  Henry  III,  King  of  France;  last  of  the  House  of  Valois 

1574-1595-  Amurath   III,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1576.  Frobisher's  attempt  to  discover  a   Northwest  Passage 

1576-1612.  Rudolf  II,  Emperor  of  Germany 

1580.  Charles  Emmanuel,  Duke  of  Savoy 

1580.  Philip  II  annexes  Portugal  to  Spain 

1581.  Union  of  the  Seven  Provinces 

1584.  Death  of  William  the  Silent 
1584-1598.  Feodor  or  Theodor  I,  Emperor  of  Russia 

1585.  Davis  passes  up  Davis  Strait  to  latitude  720    41'  N 
1585.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  founds  the  Colony  of  Virginia 

1585-1590.  Sixtus  V,  Pope  of  Rome 

1587.  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  beheaded 
1587-1608.  Ferdinand   I,  Grand-Duke  of  Tuscany 

1588.  Philip  II  sends  the  Armada  to  England 
1588-1648.  Christian  IV  of  Denmark  and  Norway 

1589.  End  of  the  Dynasty  of  Rurik  in  Russia 

1589-1610.  Henry  (IV)   the  Great  of  Bourbon,   King  of  France  and  Na- 
varre 

1590-1591.  Gregory  XIV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1591.  Innocent  IX,  Pope  of  Rome 

1592-1605.  Clement  VIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1594.  William  Barents  traces  the  course  of  Nova  Zembla  to  latitude 
77°  N. 

1595-1603.  Mohammed  III,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1598.  Edict  of  Nantes 

1598-1605.  Boris-Godonof,    Emperor    of    Russia 

1598-1621.  Philip  III,  King  of  Spain 

1601.  Treaty  of  Lyons 

1603.  King  James  version  of  the  Bible  made 

1603-1604.  Lady  Arabella  Stuart  claims  the  English  crown 

1603-1617.  Achmet  I,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1603-1625.  James  I,   King  of  England 

1605.  Jehangir,   Emperor  of  Hindustan 

1605-1606.  Feodor   II,   Emperor  of   Russia 

1605-1621.  Paul  V   (Camille  Borghese),  Pope  of  Rome 

1606-1610.  Vasali-Chouiski  or  Zouinski,   Emperor  of   Russia 

1607.  Jamestown  founded 

1608-1621.  Cosmo  II,  Grand-Duke  of  Tuscany 

1609.  Henry  Hudson  explores  and  names  the  Hudson  River 

1610.  Expulsion  of  the   Moriscos  from   Spain 

1610.  Henry   Hudson  explores   Hudson    Bay 
1610-1613.  Ladislaus  of  Poland,  Emperor  of  Russia 

1610-1643.  Louis   XIII,   King  of   France;   rule   of   Marie   de'   Medici   and 
Richelieu 

1611.  Union  of  Prussia  and  Brandenburg 

1611-1632.  Gustavus  (II)  Adolphus  the  Great,  King  of  Sweden 

1612.  Evangelical   Union   and   Catholic   League;    Revolt   in   Bohemia 


806 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


A.  D. 

1613-1645.  Michael-Feodorovitch  of  the  house  of  Romanov,   Emperor  of 
Russia,  begins  the   Romanov  dynasty 

1614.  The  Dutch  settle  New  York 

1617.  Finland  ceded  to  Sweden  by  Russia 
1617-1618.  Mustapha  I,  Sultan  of  Turkey 
1618-1622.  Osman  II,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1618.  Beginning  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War 

1619.  Negro  slaves  introduced  into  Virginia 

1619.  Accession  of  Ferdinand  II,  who  was  resolved  to  suppress  re- 

bellion and  to  restore  Catholicism 

1620.  Frederick,  Elector  Palatine,  King  of  Bohemia,  defeated  in  the 

Battle  of  Prague 

1620.  Pilgrims  land  at  Plymouth 

1621-1623.  Gregory  XV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1621-1665.  Philip  IV,  King  of  Spain 

1621-1670.  Ferdinand  II,  Grand-Duke  of  Tuscany 

1622-1623.  Mustapha  I,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1623.  Massacre   of  Amboyna 

1623-1640.  Amurath  IV,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1623-1644.  Urban  VIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1625.  Christian  IV  of  Denmark,  Head  of  the  Protestant  League 

1625.  Accession   of   Charles   I   to   the   throne  of   England;   struggles 

with  people  for  royal  prerogative 

1626.  Peter  Minuit  founds  New  Amsterdam  on  Manhattan  Island 

1627.  Shah  Jehan,  Emperor  of  Hindustan 

1630.  Gustavus  Adolphus,  Head  of  the  Protestant  League 

1630.  Boston  founded  by  Puritans 
1631-1700.  John  Dryden 

1631.  Battle  of  Breitenfeld  (Leipzig) 

1632.  Gustavus  Adolphus  killed 
1632.  Battle  of  Lutzen 

1632.  Christina,  Queen  of  Sweden 

1634.  First  settlement  in   Maryland 

1634.  Wallenstein  disgraced  and  murdered 

1637-1658.  Ferdinand  III,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

1638.  Harvard  College  establised  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts 

1638.  Colonies    of    Rhode    Island    and    New    Haven    in    Connecticut 

founded  by  settlers  from  Massachusetts 

1639.  Beginning  of  the  Dynasty  of  Braganza  in  Portugal 

1639.  Free  constitution  of  Connecticut 

1640.  The  Long  Parliament  meets 
1640.  English  Settlement  at  Madras 

1640-1648.  Ibrahim,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1643.  Louis  XIV  of  France 

1643-1661.  Anne  of  Austria  and   Mazarin  rule   France 

1643-1715.  Louis  (XIV)  the  Great,  King  of  France 

1644-1655.  Innocent  X,  Pope  of  Rome 

1645.  Charles  I  defeated  by  the  English  Commons  at  Naseby 

1645.  War  of  Candia 

1645-1676.  Alexis,  Emperor  of  Russia 

1648.  Peace   of   Westphalia    secures   religious   toleration   throughout 

Germany  and  limits  the  power  of  the  Emperor 

1648-1687.  Mohammed  IV,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1649.  Religious  toleration  proclaimed  in  Maryland 
1649.  Charles  I  of  England  beheaded 

1649-1658.  Oliver  Cromwell,  Lord  Protector  of  England 

1650-1651.  Charles  II  claims  the  English  crown 


WORLD    CHRONOLOGY 


807 


A.  D. 

1655-1667.  Alexander  VII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1657.  Prussia  independent  of  Poland 
1657-1705.  Leopold  I,  Emperor  of  Germany 

1658.  Death  of  Oliver  Cromwell 

1658.  Aurangzeb,  Emperor  of  Hindustan 

1659.  Peace  of  the  Pyrenees 

1660.  Denmark  becomes  an  absolute   Monarchy 
1660.  Treaties  of  Olivia  and   Copenhagen 

1660-1685.  Restoration  of  the  Stuart  Line  in  England  with  the  reign  of 
Charles  II;  change  in  national  character 

1663.  Charles  II  sells  Dunkirk  to  Louis  XIV 

1664.  New  York  taken  by  the  English 

1664-1667.  War  between  England  and  the  United  Provinces 

1665.  The  Plague  of  London 
1665-1700.  Charles  II,  King  of  Spain 
1667-1670.  Clement  IX,  Pope  of  Rome 

1668.  The  Triple  Alliance  against  Louis  XIV 

1669.  The  Turks  take  Candia 
1670-1723.  Cosmo  III,  Grand-Duke  of  Tuscany 
1670-1676.  Clement  X,  Pope  of  Rome 

1672.  William  (III)   of  Orange  becomes  Stadtholder  of  the  Nether- 
lands 

1674-1696.  John  Sobieski,  King  of  Poland 

1676-1682.  Feodor  or  Theodor   II,  Emperor  of  Russia 

1676-1689.  Innocent  XI,  Pope  of  Rome 

1678-1679.  Peace  of  Nymwegen 

1681.  Louis   XIV   seizes   Strassburg 

1682.  La  Salle  explores  the  Mississippi 
1682.  Philadelphia  founded  by  William  Penn 
1682.  The  Turks  besiege  Vienna 

1682.  Sweden  becomes  an  absolute  Monarchy 

1682-1689.  Ivan  V  and  Peter  I,  Emperors  of  Russia 

1685.  Argyle  and  Monmouth  claim  the  English  throne 

1685.  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes 

1685-1689.  James   II,   King  of  England;  attempts  to   restore   Catholicism 
in  England 

1686.  The  League  of  Augsburg 

1687.  Louis  XIV  conquers  Franche  Comte  and  part  of  Flanders 
1687-1691.  Suleiman  (II  or  III),  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1687.  The   Hungarian   Crown   becomes   hereditary 

1688.  Invasion  of  England  by  William  of  Orange 

1688.  Louis  XIV  seizes  Avignon 

1689.  Tyranny  of  Andros  in   New  England 

1689.  William  and  Mary,  King  and  Queen  of  England 

1689-1691.  Alexander  VIII,   Pope  of  Rome 

1689-1725.  Peter  (I)  the  Great,  sole  Emperor  of  Russia 

1691-1695.  Ahmed  II,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1691-1700.  Innocent  XII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1695-1703.  Mustapha  II,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1696.  Russian  Conquest  of  Azof 

1697.  Peace  of  Ryswick 

1697.  Augustus  the  Strong,  King  of  Poland 
1697-1718.  Charles   XII,   King  of   Sweden 

1698.  English  Settlement  at  Calcutta 

1699.  Peace  of  Carlowitz 

1700.  Peter  the  Great  defeated  by  Charles  XII  at  Narva 
1700-1721.  Clement  XI,  Pope  of  Rome 


808 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


A.  D. 

1700-1724.  Philip  V,  King  of  Spain 

1701.  Yale  College,  Connecticut,  founded 

1701.  Frederick  I  crowned  first  King  of  Prussia 

1701-1713.  War  of  the  Spanish  Succession 

1702-1714.  Anne,  Queen  of  England 

1703.  St.  Petersburg  founded  by  Peter  the  Great  as  new  capital  of 

Russia 

1703-1730.  Ahmed  III,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1704.  Stanislaus,  King  of  Poland 
1704.  Gibraltar  taken  by  the  English 
1704.  Battle  of  Blenheim 

1705-1711.  Joseph  I,  Emperor  of  Germany 

1707.  Union  of  England  and  Scotland 

1708.  Beginning  of  the  East  India  Company 

1709.  Charles  XII  defeated  by  Peter  at  Poltowa 
1711-1740.  Charles  VI,  Emperor  of  Germany 

1713.  Pragmatic    Sanction 

1713.  Treaty  of  Utrecht 

1713.  Victor  Amadeus  II  of  Savoy,  made  King  of  Sicily 

1713-1740.  Frederick  William  I,  King  of  Prussia 

1714-1727.  George  I,  King  of  England 

1715.  War  between  Austria  and  Turkey 

1715.  The  Turks  win  back  Peloponnesus  from  Venice 

I7I5-  Jacobite  Rebellion  in  England 

1715-1774.  Louis    (XV)     the   Well-beloved,    King   of   France 

1718.  Quadruple  Alliance  against  Spain 

1718.  Death  of  Charles  XII  of  Sweden 

1718.  Peace  of  Passarowitz 

1718.  Jesuits  expelled  from  Russia 

1720.  Victor  Amadeus  II    cedes  Sicily  to  Austria  and  becomes  King 
of  Sardinia 

1721-1724.  Innocent  XIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1723-1737.  John   Gaston,  Grand-Duke  of  Tuscany 

1724.  Klopstock  born 

1724-1730.  Benedict  XIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1 724-1 746.  Philip  V,  King  of  Spain 

1725-1727.  Catherine  I,  Empress  of  Russia 

1727-1730.  Peter  II,  Emperor  of  Russia 

1727-1760.  George  II,  King  of  England 

1730-1740.  Anne,  Empress  of  Russia 

1730-1740.  Clement  XII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1730-1754.  Mahmud  I   (or  Mohammed  V),  Sultan  of  Turkey 

l733-  James  Oglethorpe  establishes  colony  at  Savannah  in   Georgia 

1733-  War  of  the  Polish  Succession 

1737-1765.  Francis  II,  Grand-Duke  of  Tuscany 

1738.  Princeton  College  founded  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey 

1739.  Peace  of  Belgrade 

1740.  Frederick  the  Great  conquers  Silesia 

1740.  Accession  of  Maria  Theresa,  Queen  of  Hungary  and  Archduch- 
ess of  Austria 

1740-1741.  Ivan  VI,  Emperor  of  Russia 

1740-1748.  War  of  the  Austrian  Succession 

1740-1758.  Benedict  XIV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1741-1762.  Elizabeth,    Empress    of   Russia 

1743.  Tcholyuskin    reaches   the    most   northern    point   of    Siberia   at 

latitude  77°  41'  N 

1745.  Second  Jacobite  Rebellion 


WORLD    CHRONOLOGY 


809 


A.  D. 

I745-I76S-  Francis  I,  Emperor  of  Austria  (co-regent  with  Maria  Theresa) 

1746.  Battle  of  Culloden 

1746-1759.  Ferdinand  VI,  King  of  Spain 

1749.  Goethe  born 

1754-1757-  Osman  III,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1755-  Braddock's  expedition  against  Fort  Duquesne  defeated  by  the 
French  and  Indians 

1756.  Suraj-ad-dowla  takes  Calcutta 
1756-1763.  Seven   Years'  War 

1757.  Battle  of  Plassey 

1757-1774.  Mustapha  III,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1758.  Fort  Duquesne  captured  by  the  English 
1758-1769.  Clement  XIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1759-  Schiller  born 

1759.  English  Conquest  of  Canada 
1759-1788.  Charles  III,  King  of  Spain 
1760-1820.  George  III,  King  of  England 

1761.  The  Family  Compact 

1762-1796.  Catherine  II,  Empress  of  Russia 

1763.  Florida  ceded  to  Great  Britain  by  Spain 

1763.  Conspiracy   of    Pontiac   to    unite    the    Indian   tribes   in   an    en- 
deavor to  exterminate  the  white  settlers  in   North  America 

1763.  Peace  of  Paris 

1765.  England  passes  the  Stamp  Act 

1765-1790.  Joseph    II,    co-regent    with    Maria    Theresa    in    the    Austrian 

Monarchy 

1765-1790.  Leopold  I,  Grand-Duke  of  Tuscany 

1766.  England  repeals  the  Stamp  Act 
1766.  Annexation  of  Lorraine  to  France 

1768.  Annexation  of  Corsica  to  France 

1769.  Napoleon  born 

1769-1775.  Clement  XIV,  Pope  of  Rome 

1769-1784.  Successful  invasion  of  the  Crimea  by  Russia 

1770.  The  Boston  Massacre 

1771-1792.  Gustavus  (III)  Adolphus,  King  of  Sweden 

1772-1795.  Dismemberment  of  Poland 

1773-  Abolition  of  the  Society  of  Jesus 

1774.  Russia  by  the  treaty  of  Kutschouc  Kainardji  grants  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  Crimea  and  the  freedom  of  the  Black  Sea 

1774.  The  first  Continental  Congress  in  North  America 
1774-1775.  Rebellion  of  the  Cossacks 

1774-1789.  Abdul-Ahmed,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1774-1793.  Louis  XVI,  King  of  France 

1775.  Battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord 
1775-  The  second  Continental  Congress 

1775-1783.  American  colonies  win  their  independence  from  England  by  the 

American  Revolutionary  War 

1775-1800.  Pius  VI,  Pope  of  Rome 

1776.  American  Declaration  of  Independence 

1777.  Battle  of  Saratoga 

1778.  Captain  Cook  discovers  Cape  Prince  of  Wales 

1779.  John  Paul  Jones  wins  the  first  victory  of  the  American  navy 

1780.  Death  of  Maria  Theresa 

1781.  Great  Britain  cedes  Florida  to  Spain 

1782.  Independence  of  Ireland 

1786-1797.  Frederick  William  II,  King  of  Prussia 

1788-1808.  Charles  IV,  King  of  Spain 


810 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


A.  D. 

1789.  Constitution  of  the  United  States 

1789.  Convocation  of  States-General  in  France 
1789-1797.  George  Washington,  President  of  the  United  States 
1789-1807.  Selim  III,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1790.  The  Quakers  of  Pennsylvania  ask  Congress  to  abolish  slavery 
1790-1792.  Leopold  II,  Holy  Roman  Emperor 

1790-1800.  Ferdinand  III,  Duke  of  Tuscany 

1792.  National  Convention  in  France 

1792.  Francis  II  succeeds  Leopold  II  as  Emperor  of  Germany 

1792.  Treaty  of  Jassy 

1792.  Battle  of  Valmy 

1792.  An  order  issued  that  the  slave-trade  should  cease  in  all  Danish 

possessions  from  the  end  of  1802 

1792-1795.  National  Convention  rules  in  France 

1792-1809.  Gustavus   (IV)  Adolphus,  King  of  Sweden 

1793.  Eli  Whitney  invents  the  cotton-gin 
1793-1795.  Louis  XVII,  King  of  France 
1793-1815.  Wars  of  the  French  Revolution 

1793.  Second  Partition  of  Poland 

1793.  Execution  of  Louis  XVI 

1793-1815.  War  between   England   and   France;   Nelson    establishes   Eng- 
land's naval  supremacy 

I795-  Third  Partition  of  Poland 

1795.  Batavian  Republic 

1795-1799.  Directory  reigns  in  France 

1796-1801.  Paul,  Emperor  of  Russia 

1797.  Frederick  William  III,  King  of  Prussia 
1797-1801.  John  Adams,  President  of  the  United  States 

1798.  Russian  treaty  with  Austria  and  England 
1798.  French  Fleet  defeated  at  Aboukir 

1798.  Switzerland  invaded  by  the  French 

1798.  Helvetic  Republic 

1799.  Napoleon  abandons  siege  of  Saint  Jean  d'Acre 
1799-1804.  Consulate  rules  in  France 

1800.  Union  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

1800.  The    American    Congress   meets    at   Washington   for   the   first 

time 

1800-1823.  Pius  VII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1801.  Peace  of  Luneville 

1801.  Rise  of  the  Democratic  party  in  the  United  States 
1801-1809.  Thomas  Jefferson,  President  of  the  United  States 

1802.  Napoleon  makes  a  Concordat  between  the  French  nation  and 

Rome 

1802.  Peace  of  Amiens 

1803.  Napoleon  gives  Switzerland  a  new  constitution 
1804-1814,  1814-1815.     Napoleon   Bonaparte,   Emperor  of  the  French 
1804-1835.  Frances  I,  Emperor  of  Austria 

1805.  Battle  of  Austerlitz 

1805.  Battle  of  Trafalgar 

1805.  Peace  of  Pressburg 

1805.  Russia  joins  the  coalition  against  France 

1806.  Great   Britain  acquires  Cape   Colony 

1806.  Francis  I,  Emperor  of  Germany,  assumed  the  title  of  Francis 
II,  Emperor  of  Austria 

1806.  Battle  of  Jena 

1807.  Peace  of  Tilsit 
1807.  Mahmud  II,  Sultan 


WORLD    CHRONOLOGY 


811 


A.  D. 

1807-1808. 

1808. 

1808. 
1808-1813. 

1808-1839- 

1809. 

1809. 

1809. 
1809-1817. 
1809-1818. 

1810. 

1810. 
1810-1825. 

1812. 
1812-1814. 
1812-1815. 

1813. 
1813-1833. 

1814. 

1814. 

1814. 

1814. 
1814-1824. 

1815. 

1815. 
1815. 
1815. 
1816. 

1817-1821. 
1818-1844. 

1820. 
1 820-1 829. 

1821. 

1821. 

1821. 

1822. 

1823. 

1823. 
1823-1829. 

1824. 
1 824-1 830. 

1825-1829. 
1825-1855. 

1826. 

1827. 

1828. 

1829. 
1829-183 1. 
1829-1837. 
1 829- 1 837. 

1830. 

1830. 

1830. 
1 830-1 848. 


Mustapha  IV,  Sultan  of  Turkey- 
Ferdinand  VII,  King  of  Spain,  forced  to  abdicate  by  Napoleon 
The  Peninsular  War  begun 
Joseph  Bonaparte,  King  of  Spain 
Mahmud  II  (or  Mohammed  VI),  Sultan  of  Turkey 
Napoleon  marries  Marie  Louise 
Battles  of  Aspern  and  Wagram 
Pope  excommunicates  Napoleon 
James  Madison,  President  of  the  United  States 
Charles  XIII,  King  of  Sweden 
The  Papal  States  added  to  France 
Revolt  of  the  Spanish  Colonies  in  America 
Alexander  I,  Emperor  of  Russia 
Louisiana  admitted  to  the  United  States 
War  between  Russia  and  France 
War  between  the  United  States  and  England 
Battle  of  Leipzig 
Ferdinand  VII,  King  of  Spain 
First  Peace  of  Paris 
Napoleon  retires  to  Elba 

Norway  falls  under  the  sovereignty  of  Sweden 
The  British  take  Washington 

Louis  XVIII,  King  of  France;  House  of  Bourbon  restored 
The    Congress  of  Vienna  makes  of  Germany   a   confederation 

of  independent  states  under  the  hegemony  of  Austria 
Corn  Laws  passed  in  Great  Britain 
Second  Peace  of  Paris 
Return  of  Bonaparte;  Battle  of  Waterloo 
Frederick  William  III  of  Prussia  concludes  the  Holy  Alliance 

with  the  sovereigns  of  Russia  and  Austria 
James  Monroe,  President  of  the  United  States 
Charles  XIV  (John  Bernadotte),  King  of  Sweden 
Passage  of  the  Missouri  Compromise 
George  IV,  King  of  England 

Florida  acquired  from  Spain  by  the  United  States 
Greek  War  of  Independence 
Nobility  abolished  in  Norway 
Separation  of  Brazil  from  Portugal 
Reform  of  Criminal  law  in  England 
President  Monroe  formulates  the  Monroe  Doctrine 
Leo  XII,  Pope  of  Rome 
Death  of  Byron  in  Greece 
Charles  X,  King  of  France;  last  of  the  House  of  Bourbon  on 

the  French  throne 
John  Quincy  Adams,  President  of  the  United  States 
Nicholas   I,   Emperor  of  Russia 

Franklin  reaches  the  mouth  of  the  Mackenzie  River 
Turkish  naval  power  destroyed  at  Navarino 
War  between  Russia  and  Turkey 
Catholic  Relief  Bill  passed  in  England 
Pius  VIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

Andrew  Jackson,  President  of  the  United  States 
William  IV,  King  of  England 
French  Revolution  of  July 
Separation  of  Belgium  from  the  Netherlands 
War  for  the  independence  of  Poland  against  Russia 
Louis  Philippe,  King  of  France 


812 


THE   HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


A.  D. 

1831.  Insurrection  in  central  Italy 

1831.  Polish  Revolution 
1831-1846.  Gregory  XVI,  Pope  of  Rome 

1832.  Reform  Bill  passed  in  England 

1832.  Parry  discovered  the  channel  leading  from  the  head  of  Hudson 

Bay 

1832.  South  Carolina  attempts  nullification 

1832.  Poland  united  with  Russia 

1833.  Act  for  the  Emancipation  of  Slaves  passed  in  England 
1833.  Oxford  Movement  begun  in  England 

1833.  Civil  War  in  Spain 
1833-1870.  Isabella,  Queen  of  Spain 

1834.  System  of  national  education  begun  in  England 
1835-1848.  Ferdinand,  Emperor  of  Austria 

1836.  South  Australia  first  colonized 

1837-1841.  Martin  Van  Buren,  President  of  the  United  States 

1837-1901.  Victoria,  Queen  of  England  and  Empress  of  India 

1838.  Daguerre  invents  photography 

1838.  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse  invents  the  telegraph 

1839-1848.  Christian  VIII,  King  of  Denmark 

1839-1861.  Abdul-Medjid,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1840.  Frederick  William  IV,  King  of  Prussia 

1841.  Independence  of  Egypt 

1841-1845.  William  Henry  Harrison,  President  of  the  United  States 

1844-1859.  Oscar  I,  King  of  Sweden 

1845-1847.  Sir    John    Franklin    practically    accomplishes    the    Northwest 

Passage 

1845-1849.  James  Knox  Polk,  President  of  the  United  States 

1846.  California  acquired  by  the  United  States 

1846.  The  Corn  Laws  repealed  in  England 
1846-1848.  War  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico 
1846-1878.  Pius  IX,  Pope  of  Rome 

1847.  War  of  the  Sonderbund  in  Switzerland 

1848.  Discovery  of  gold  in  California 

1848.  On    the   abdication   of   Ferdinand    I,    Francis   Joseph   becomes 

Emperor  of  Austria 

1848.  War  beween  Schleswig  and  Holstein 

1848.  First  War  of  Independence  in  Italy 

1848.  Frederick  William  IV  grants  a  Prussian  constitution 

1848.  Switzerland  adopts  a  new  constitution 

1848-1852.  Charles   Louis   Napoleon   Bonaparte,   President  of  the   Second 

French  Republic 

1848-1863.  Frederick  VII,  King  of  Denmark 

1849.  Battle  of  Novara 

1849.  Fall  of  Rome  and  Venice 

1849-1853.  Zachary  Taylor,  President  of  the  United  States 

1850.  Fugitive  Slave  Law  passed  in  the  United  States 
1851-1878.  Victor  Emmanuel  II,  King  of  Italy 

1852-1871.  Charles   Louis   Napoleon   Bonaparte,   Emperor  of   France 

1853-1857.  Franklin   Pierce,  President  of  the   United  States 

1854.  Perry's  mission  to  Japan  induces  that  government  to  open  its 
ports  to  commerce 

1854.  The  Missouri  Compromise  abolished 
1854-1856.  The  Crimean  War 

1855.  Siege  of  Sebastopol 

1855.  Concordat    between    Austria    and    Rome    giving    the    Roman 
clergy  control  over  public  instruction 


WORLD    CHRONOLOGY 


813 


A.  D. 
1855-1881. 

1856. 

1857. 

1857. 
1857-1861. 

1858. 

1859. 

1859- 
1859-1872. 

i860. 

i860. 
i860. 
1861. 

1861. 

1861. 

1861. 
1861-1865. 
1861-1865. 
1 861-1876. 

1862. 

1863. 

1863. 
1 863- 1 906. 

1864. 

1864. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865-1869. 

1866. 

1866. 

1866. 

1866. 

1866. 

1867. 

1867. 

1868. 

1869. 
1869-1877. 

1870. 

1870. 

1870. 
1870-1871. 

1870. 
1870-1873. 
1870-1875. 

1871. 
1871. 
1871. 
1871. 


Alexander  II,  Emperor  of  Russia 

Peace  of  Paris 

The  Dred  Scott  decision  in  the  United  States 

Indian  Mutiny 

James  Buchanan,  President  of  the  United  States 

Jewish  Relief  Bill  passed  in  England 

Austria  gives  up  Lombardy 

Charles  Darwin  publishes  his  "  Origin  of  Species  " 

Charles  XV,  King  of  Sweden 

Emperor  of  Russia  protests  against  the  recognition  of  the 
sovereignty  of  peoples 

Dr.  Hayes  reaches  a  latitude  of  8i°  35'  N 

Garibaldi  frees  Sicily  and  Naples 

Confederate  States  of  America  organized  at  Montgomery,  Ala- 
bama 

Jefferson  Davis  elected  President  of  the  Confederate  States  of 
America 

Decree  for  the  total  emancipation  of  slaves  in  Poland 

Russian  nobles  sign  a  petition  for  a  political  constitution 

Abraham  Lincoln,  President  of  the  United  States 

Civil  War  in  the  United  States 

Abdul-Aziz,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

Bismarck  becomes  first  minister  in  Prussia 

Emancipation  Proclamation  issued  by  President  Lincoln 

Insurrection  in  Poland 

Christian  IX,  King  of  Denmark 

Provincial  institutions  established  throughout   Russia 

In  war  with  Prussia,  Denmark  loses  Schleswig  and   Holstein 

Lee's  surrender  at  Appomattox 

Assassination  of  Lincoln 

Thirteenth  amendment  to  the  American  Constitution  adopted 

Russian  emperor  refuses  request  of  nobles  for  two  houses  of 
representatives 

Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States 

Trial  by  jury  introduced  into  Russia 

War  between  Prussia  and  Austria 

Battle  of  Konigsgratz 

Schleswig  and  Holstein  joined  to  Prussia 

Austria  cedes  Venetia  to  Italy 

Amnesty  in  favor  of  the  Poles  on  the  part  of  Russia 

Austria  and  Hungary  united  as  a  dual  monarchy 

Polish  language  interdicted  in  public  places  in  Poland 

Opening  of  the  Suez  Canal 

Ulysses  S.  Grant,  President  of  the  United  States 

Loss  of  the  temporal  power  of  the  Pope 

Rome  made  the  Capital  of  Italy 

Hall  reaches  820   11'  N 

War  between  France  and  Prussia 

Battle  of  Sedan 

Amadeo  I,  King  of  Spain 

Reconstruction  troubles  in  the  southern  States  of  the  United 
States 

The  Commune  in  Paris 

Siege  and  capture  of  Paris 

Peace  of  Frankfort 

William  I,  King  of  Prussia,  proclaimed  German  Emperor  and 
the  House  of  Hohenzollern  begins  to  rule  in  Germany 


814 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


A.  D. 

1871-1873.  Louis  Adolphe  Thiers,  President  of  the  French  Republic 

1872.  Accession  of  Oscar  II,  King  of  Sweden 

1873.  Commercial  crisis  in  the  United  States 
1873-1874.  Republic  in  Spain 

1873-1880.  Marshal  M.   E.   Patrice   MacMahon,  President  of  the  French 
Republic 

1874.  Payer  reaches  820  5'  N 

1874.  The  Swiss  constitution  again  changed 

1874-1886.  Alfonso  XII,  King  of  Spain 

1876.  Amurath  V,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1876.  Accession  of  Abdul-Hamid  II,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

1877.  Queen  of  England  proclaimed  Empress  of  India 

1877.  Trial  of  Nihilists  for  Revolutionary  Propagandism  in  Russia 
1877-1878.  War  between  Russia  and  Turkey 

1877-1881.  Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  President  of  the  United  States 

1878.  The  Berlin  Congress  gives  Bosnia  and  Herzegovnia  to  Austria 
1878-1879.  Nordenskiold  accomplishes  the  Northwest  Passage 
1878-1900.  Humbert,  King  of  Italy 

1878-1903.  Leo  XIII,  Pope  of  Rome 

1880.  Revolt  of  the  Boers  of  Transvaal 

1880-1887.  Frangois  Paul  Jules  Grevy,  President  of  the  French  Republic 

1881.  Assassination  of  the  Russian  Emperor,  Alexander  II 

1881.  James  A.  Garfield,  President  of  the  United  States 
1881-1885.  Chester  A.  Arthur,  President  of  the  United  States 
1881-1890.  Germany  consolidated 

1881-1894.  Alexander  III,  Emperor  of  Russia 

1882.  Circumpolar  station,    Fort   Conger,  established  by  the   United 

States  at  latitude  8i°  24'  N 

1882.  Greely  reaches  830  24'  N 

1882.  Compulsory  Education  Act  in  force  in  France 

1884.  Trades-unions  legalized  in  France 

1885.  Surrender  of  Khartum  to  the  Mahdi  and  death  of  General  Gor- 
don 

1885-1889.  Grover  Cleveland,  President  of  the  United  States 

1886.  Birth  and  accession  of  Alphonso  XIII,  King  of  Spain 

1887.  Plot  against  the   Emperor  of  Russia;   universities  closed;   200 

students  arrested 

1887-1894.  Marie  Frangois  Sadi  Carnot,  President  of  the  French  Republic 

1889.  Fridjof    Nansen   journeys    across    Greenland 

1889-1893.  Benjamin  Harrison,  President  of  the  United  States 

1889.  Accession  of  Carlos  I,  King  of  Portugal 

1890.  Bismarck  resigns  the  Chancellorship  of  the  German  Empire 

1891.  The  Triple  Alliance  renewed 

1891-1906.  Arctic  explorations  of  Lieutenant  Robert  E.  Peary 

1892.  Bill  passed  in  France  for  regulating  the  labor  of  women  and 

children  in  factories 

1893.  Columbian  Exposition  in  Chicago 
1893.  Commercial  panic  in  the  United  States 

1893.  Repeal  of  the  anti-Jesuit  law  in  Germany 
1893-1897.  Grover  Cleveland,  President  of  the  United  States 

1894.  Emperor   of   Russia    reestablishes   the    imperial    committee    of 

control 

1894.  Trial  and  sentence  of  Captain  Dreyfus 

1894.  Wilson  Tariff  passed 

1894-1895.  Casimir  Perier,  President  of  the  French  Republic 

1894.  Accession  of  Nicholas  II,  Emperor  of  Russia 

1895.  Nansen  reaches  86°    14'  N 


WORLD    CHRONOLOGY  815 

A.  D. 

1895.     Emperor  of  Russia  declares  his  intention  to  maintain  the  prin- 
ciple of  autocracy 
1895-1899.     Felix  Faure,  President  of  the  French  Republic 

1897.     Failure  of  a  Swedish  expedition  to  reach  the  North  Pole  by 

balloon 
1897.     Railway  from  Moscow  to  Archangel  completed 

1897.  Turkey  at  war  with  Greece 

1897-1901.     William  McKinley,  President  of  the  United  States 

1898.  Battleship  "  Maine  "  blown  up  in  Havana  Harbor 
1898.     War  between  the  United  States  and  Spain 

1898.     By  the  Treaty  of  Paris,  Spain  cedes  the  Spanish  West  Indies, 

Guam  and  the  Philippines  to  the  United  States 
1898.     The  Hawaiian  Islands  annexed  by  the  United  States 
1898.     Empress  Elizabeth  of  Austria  assassinated 

1898.  The   United    States    establishes   military   government   in    Cuba 

1899.  Insurrection  in  the  Philippines 

1899-1902.     War  between   Great  Britain  and  the  two  Dutch  Republics  in 
South  Africa 

1899.  Emile  Loubet  becomes  President  of  the  French  Republic 

1900.  Cagni,   member   of  an   Italian   Arctic    expedition,    reaches   86° 

33'  49"  N    _ 
1900.     Paris  Exhibition 
1900.     Russian  ukase  largely  abolishing  banishment  to  Siberia 

1900.  Accession  of  Victor  Emmanuel,  King  of  Italy 

1901.  Passage  of  Religious  Associations  Bill  in  France 
1901.     Accession  of  Edward  VII  to  the  throne  of  England 
1901.     Famine  in  Russia 

1901.  Civil  government  established  in  the  Philippines 
1901-1908.     Theodore  Roosevelt,  President  of  the  United  States 

1902.  Peary  reaches  840,  17'  N. 
1902.     Republic  of  Cuba  established 

1902.     Reciprocity  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  Cuba 

1902.  The  Triple  Alliance  renewed 

1903.  Kishineff  riots  against  the  Jews 

1903-1904.     Arctic   expedition    under   Anthony   Fiala,   supported   financially 
by  William  Ziegler 

1903.  Pius  X  becomes  Pope  of  Rome 

1904.  Religious   orders  prohibited   from  teaching   in   France 

1904.     Petition  of  the  Zemstvoists  presented  to  the  Russian  Emperor 

1904.  Roland  Amundsen  in  the  "Gjoa"  accomplishes  the  Northwest 

Passage 
1904-1905.     Russo-Japanese  War 

1905.  Rioting  among  the  peasants  throughout  Russia 
1905.     New  agreement  between  England  and  Japan 

1905.  Liberal  proclamation  issued  by  the  Emperor  of  Russia 

1906.  Earthquake  in  San  Francisco 

1906.     Marriage   of   Alphonso   XIII,    King  of   Spain  to   the   English 

Princess  of  Battenberg 
1906.     Eruption  of  Mount  Vesuvius 
1906.     Son  born  to  the  Crown-prince  of  Germany 
1906.     Vindication  and  release  of  Dreyfus 
1906.     Peary  reaches   870   6'   N. 

1906.  Accession  of  Frederick  VIII,  King  of  Denmark 

1907.  Son,  Prince  of  Asturias,  born  to  the  King  of  Spain 

1907.    Death  of  Oscar  II,  King  of  Sweden,  and  Accession  of  Gus- 
tavus  V 


BIBLIOGRAPHY    OF    HISTORICAL 
NOVELS 


INTRODUCTION 

WILLIAM  MAKEPEACE  THACKERAY  says  "  Novels 
are  sweets.  All  people  with  healthy  literary  appetites 
love  them;  almost  all  women;  a  vast  number  of  clever 
hard-headed  men.  Judges,  bishops,  chancellors,  mathematicians, 
are  notorious  novel  readers,  as  well  as  young  boys  and  girls,  and 
their  kind  tender  mothers."  No  class  of  fiction  is  more  enjoyed 
—  and  certainly  none  is  more  profitable  —  than  that  known  as 
the  Historical  Novel.  The  background  of  fact  has  an  attraction 
that  no  purely  imaginary  tale  can  ever  hope  to  equal  and  though 
the  chronology  may  be  inaccurate  and  the  statements  biased,  a 
good  story  will  succeed  in  making  a  period  live  in  our  imaginations 
when  text  books  are  mere  skeletons.  This  thought  has  been 
clearly  expressed  by  Charles  Reade  in  "  The  Cloister  and  the 
Hearth  " : — "  Epitomes  are  not  narratives,  as  skeletons  are  not 
human  figures.  Thus  records  of  prime  truths  remain  a  dead  letter 
to  plain  folks ;  the  writers  have  left  so  much  to  the  imagination,  and 
imagination  is  so  rare  a  gift.  Here  then,  the  writer  of  fiction  may 
be  of  use  to  the  public  —  as  an  interpreter." 

In  the  pages  following  we  have  classified  the  books  in  chrono- 
logical order  under  the  name  of  the  country  in  which  their  scenes 
are  laid.  The  names  of  countries  are  arranged  in  the  same  sequence 
in  which  they  are  treated  in  volumes  one  to  twenty-four  of  "  The 
History  of  Nations."  A  star  (*)  indicates  which  books  are  con- 
sidered as  especially  good;  while  those  for  children  and  the  young 
are  marked  "(juv.)" — but  because  a  book  is  designated  as  being 
suited  to  the  younger  people,  it  does  not  follow  that  their  elders  will 
not  also  find  it  interesting  reading. 

At  the  close  of  this  Bibliography  of  Historical  Novels  will  be 
found  an  Index  of  Authors  and  Titles  which  will  prove  very  useful 
to  the  reader  who  wishes  to  find  any  particular  novel  of  which  he 
does  not  know  the  subject-matter. 

819 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  HISTORICAL 

NOVELS 

ARRANGED  CHRONOLOGICALLY 


EGYPT 

SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Rameses    II    (Thebes,    Syria,    etc.) 

•TJarda 

Georg  Ebers  (trans.) 

Rameses    II    (Israelites) 

*The  King's  Treasure  House 

Wilhelm  Walloth 

Rameses     XIII      (struggle     between 
the     Secular     and      Ecclesiastical 
forces,    nth  century  B.C.) 

*The    Pharaoh    and    the    Priest 
(Faraon) 

A.    Glovatski    (trans.) 

Amasis    and     Cambyses      (6th    cen- 
tury B.C.) 

*An   Egyptian   Princess 

Georg  Ebers   (trans.) 

Ptolemy    Philometer    and    Euergetes 
(2nd  century  B.C.) 

The  Sisters 

Georg  Ebers    (trans.) 

Latter    years    of   Cleopatra 

Cleopatra 

Georg  Ebers   (trans.) 

Alexandria   in   its   early   growth   un- 
der   the    Ptolemies     (3rd    century 

B.C.) 

Tychiades 

Alfred   Dickeson 

Alexandria  in  time  of  Emperor  Car- 
acalla 

Per  Aspera 

Georg  Ebers   (trans.) 

Worship  of  Isis 

The   Epicurean 

Thomas   Moore 

Alexandria,  391  a.d.  (Time  of  Theo- 
dosius  I) 

Serapis 

Georg  Ebers   (trans.) 

Alexandria,      early       5th      century 

*Hypatia 

Charles    Kingsley 

643  A.D. 

The  Bride  of  the   Nile 

Georg  Ebers   (trans.) 

Napoleon    (1799— 1800) 

The   Companions   of   Jehu 

Dumas   (trans.) 

BABYLONIA   AND    ASSYRIA 

A  tale  of  the  priests  of  Baal 

Cyrus.    Cambyses    and    the    prophet 
Daniel    play   a   part   in    this   story 

The  Fall  of  Babylon 


'Sarchedon 

Istar  of   Babylon:   a  Phantasy 
Belshazzar 


G.  J.  White  Melville 
Margaret  Horton  Potter 

William    Stearns    Davis 


821 


822 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


PERSIA 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Times   of    Darius,    Daniel,   and    Bel- 
shazzar 

Zoroaster 

F.    Marion    Crawford 

Nestorians 

Julamerk 

Mrs.  J.  B.  Webb 

Omar  Khayyam 

Omar  the  Tentmaker 

N.   H.    Dole 

Life  in  early    19th  century 

*The  Adventures  of  Hajji 
of  Ispahan 

Baba 

James  Justinian  Morier 

ARABIA 


Zenobia  and   Longinus 

Chrysostom  (late  4th-early  5th  cen- 
tury) 

Haroun  al  Raschid   (ca.   786—809) 

The  story  of  a  Saxon,  who  was 
carried  into  Asia  by  Turkish 
marauders  and  afterwards  became 
the    favorite    officer    of    Ali    Bey 

Mehemet  Ali's  conquest   of   Syria 


The  Syrian  coast,  Druses'  massacre 
of  Christians,  and  merchant  life 
in    Damascus 

Oriental  life 


"The    Last    Days    and    Fall    of 
Palmyra    (Zenobia) 

Gathering  Clouds 

Tales  of  the   Caliph 

*  Hermann    Agha:    an    Eastern 
Narrative 


The     Honour     of     Henri     de 
Valois 


'Said   the   Fisherman 


The    Arabian     Nights'     Enter- 
tainments   (Alif.    Laila) 


W.  Ware 

Dean  Farrar 

H.   N.   Crellin 

W.    Gifford    Palgrave 

David  M.    Beddoe 
Marmaduke  Pickthall 

Anonymous 


ISRAEL 


Early  history 

Joseph   the   Dreamer 

Robert  Bird 

Israel   in   Bondage 

The    Pillar    of    Fire    (juv.) 

J.   H.   Ingraham 

The   exodus    of    Israel    from    Egypt, 
the  wanderings  in  the  desert  and 
the  death   of   Moses 

Pilgrimage  of  the   Ben   Beriah 
(juv.) 

Charlotte   M.   Yonge 

The  Exodus 

Joshua,     a     tale     of     Biblical 
Times 

Georg  M.   Ebers 

Ahab  and  Jezebel 

Jezebel 

Miss  L.  McLaws 

Death    of    Elijah,    career   of 
Ahab    and    Jezebel,    and 

Elisha, 
the    in- 

By  the  Ramparts  of  Jezreel 

Arnold  Davenport 

vasion   of  the   Syrians 

Maccabxan  Times 

The  Hammer 

A.    J.     Church    and    R. 
Seeley 

Maccabaean  Times 

Deborah 

J.    M.    Ludlow 

First   century   B.C. 

The    Glory    of    the    House    of 
Israel 

F.    A.    Strauss 

The    Jews    in    the    century 
Christ 

before 

Helen's     Pilgrimage    to    Jeru- 
salem 

F.    A.    Strauss. 

HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


823 


ISRAEL  —  continued. 


The  story  of  Christ  and  life  in  the 
Holy   Land;   Herod,   Pilate,  etc. 

Scenes   in    the   life   of   Christ 


The   Christ 

A  study  of  the  life  of  Christ  and 
his   relations    with   his    disciples 

Judas  Iscariot  and  the  man  of  Nain 
whom  Christ  raised  from  the  dead 

The  betrayal  and  crucifixion  of 
Christ 

The  feast  at  Bethany,  the  death 
and  restoration  of  Lazarus  and 
the  tragedy  of  Passion   Week 

The  dawn  of  Christianity  from  the 
old  Hebraic   point   of  view 

Memoirs   of   a  disciple  of   the   Lord 

The  days  of  the  Messiah 

Saint  Stephen 

Saint  Paul 

Saint   Paul 

Memoirs   of   a   disciple   of   St.    Paul 
Early  Christianity  (54  a.  d.) 
Early    Christianity 

Wandering  Jew 

Fall     of     Jerusalem      (1st     century 

A.D.) 

Fall    of     Jerusalem      (1st     century 

A.D.) 

The   last   days   of  Jerusalem    (67-70 

A.D.) 

The  Crusades 

Third  Crusade   (1 188— 1 199) 

A  tale  of  the  Crusades   (1189) 

Crusades   and  Mongol   conquest 

St.  Louis;  Seventh  Crusade  (1248) 

The  Jews  in  Europe 

Jews  in  Prague   (early   17th  cent.) 


Julian;    or,    Scenes    in    Judaea 

The    Prince   of   the   House    of 
David   (juv.) 

Jesus,  the  Carpenter  of   Naza- 
reth 

Emmanuel,    the    Story    of    the 
Messiah 

A    Son    of    Issachar 


Barabbas:     a     Dream     of     the 
World's  Tragedy 

The  Life  of  Saint  Mary  Mag- 
dalen 


The  Cross  Triumphant 

"Philochristus 

•Ben  Hur 

Stephen,     a     Soldier     of     the 
Cross 

Paul,  a  Herald  of  the  Cross 

Paul   of  Tarsus 

"Onesimus,    Christ's    Freedman 
As  Others  Saw  Him 
Titus   (juv.) 


Salathiel,      the     Immortal      or 
Tarry   Thou  Till   I    Come 

"The  Gladiators 


Pearl  Maiden 

Naomi  (juv.) 

The  Brethren 
Winning   his   Spurs    (juv.) 
Lady  Sybil's  Choice   (juv.) 
The   Blue   Banner   (juv.) 
The  Boy  Crusaders  (juv.) 
'Dreamers  of  the  Ghetto 
Gabriel 


William  Ware 

J.    H.    Ingraham 

Robert  Bird 

William  Forbes  Cooley 

Elbridge    S.    Brooks 

Marie  Corelli 

Anonymous 

Florence    Morse    Kings- 
ley 

Edwin  A.  Abbott 

Lew    Wallace 

Florence    Morse    Kings- 
ley 

Florence    Morse    Kings- 
ley 

Robert  Bird 

Edwin  A.   Abbott 

Anonymous 

Florence    Morse    Kings- 
ley 

George  Croly 

G.  J.  Whyte  Melville 

H.  Rider  Haggard 

Mrs.  J.  B.  Webb 

H.  Rider  Haggard 
G.  A.  Henty 
Emily  S.  Holt 
Leon   Cahun   (trans.) 
J.  G.   Edgar 
Israel  Zangwill 
S.   Kohn 


824 


THE   HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


ISRAEL  —  continued. 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

The  Jews  in  Europe 

Poet  and  Merchant 

Berthold  Auerbach 

(trans.) 
Israel  Zangwill 

1 8th  century  beggars 

"The  King  of  Schnorrers 

A  scheme  for  repossessing  the  Holy 
Land 

Daniel  Deronda 

George  Eliot 

Partly  Sweden,  partly  Jerusalem 

■"Jerusalem 

Selma  Lagerlof 

Marriage  of  a  Jew  with  a  Christian 

The  Zionists 

Winifred  Graham 

GREECE 


Mythical  period 
Mythical  period 
Mythical  period 
The  Life  of  Ulysses 

Ulysses 

The  son  of  Ulysses  in  the  quest  for 
his  father 

Mythical  period 


Ancient  Hellas   (551   B.C.) 

The     private    life    of    the    ancient 
Greeks    (551    B.C.) 

The  philosophy  of  Plato 


Abdera  and  its  inhabitants  at  the 
time  when  the  "  laughing  philoso- 
pher "  Democritus  was  a  citizen 
and  Euripides  and  Hippocrates 
were  visiting  the  metropolis 

470  B.C. 

The  intellectual  and  social  life  of 
Athens  in  the  golden  age 

Athens  (469  b.c.) 

Great  Athenian  War   (420-404  B.C.) 


Peloponnesian  War,  Socrates  and 
Alcibiades 

Philip  of  Macedon  and  Alexander 
the  Great 

Alexander  the  Great 

The  later  developments  of  Socratic 
thought,  the  Platonic,  Cynic  and 
Cyrenaic  philosophies 


Wonder  Book  (juv.) 

Tanglewood  Tales  (juv.) 

The  Heroes  (juv.) 

The  Story  of  the  Odyssey 

The  Boy's  Odyssey   (juv.) 

The    Adventures    of    Telema- 
chus 

The  World's  Desire 

Aphrodite 
Charicles 

The  History  of  Agathon 


The  Republic  of  Fools:  being 
the  History  of  the  State  and 
People  of  Abdera  in  Thrace 


Pausanias,  the   Spartan 
'Pericles  and  Aspasia 


Pericles 

Alkibiades 

Gorgo 

Iskander 

A  Young  Macedonian 

Aristippus 
poraries 

and 

his 

Contem 

Nathaniel  Hawthorne 
Nathaniel  Hawthorne 
Charles  Kingsley 
A.  J.  Church 
Walter  Copland  Perry 
F.  de   S.   Fenelon 

H.    R.   Haggard   and  A. 
Lang 

Ernst  Eckstein   (trans.) 

Wilhelm  Adolf  Becker 


Christoph    Martin    Wie- 
land 

Christoph    Martin    Wie- 
land 


Lord  Lytton 

Walter  Savage  Landor 

Anonymous 

Charles  Hamilton 
Bromby 

Charles   K.    Gaines 
M.  M.  Kirkman 

A.   J.   Church 

Christoph  Martin 
Wieland 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


825 


GREECE  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

A   Lucianic  dialogue 

Peregrinus  Proteus 

Christoph   Martin 
Wieland 

Christians     at    Athens,     Alexandria, 
Rome,  etc.  (ca.  160  a.d.) 

Narcissus 

W.   Boyd  Carpenter 

In   the   days   of   the    French    Dukes 
of  Athens 

The  Dryad 

Justin     Huntly     McCar- 
thy 

The  Siege  of  Rhodes 

A  Kni?ht  of  the  White  Cross 
(juv.) 

G.   A.    Henty 

Greek   and    Turkish   life    (late    18th 
century) 

*Anastasius;    or    Memoirs    of   a 
Greek 

Thomas  Hope 

War  of  Independence 

Loukis  Laras 

Demetrios  Bikelas 

War  of  Independence 

A  Daughter  of  the  Klephts 

Mrs.  John  R.  Mayo 

War  of  Independence 

The   Black  Pilgrim 

Michael    Czajkowski 

War  of  Independence 

Tales  from  the  Isles  of  Greece 

Argyris  Ephtaliotis 

War  of  Independence 

The  Vintage  Capsina 

E.    F.    Benson 

War  of  Independence 

In  Greek  Waters  (juv.) 

G.  A.  Henty 

Disorders    of    Modern    Greece     (ca. 
i860) 

*The  King  of  the  Mountains 

Edmond  About 

Gneco-Turkish  War   (1897) 

Active  Service 

Stephen   Crane 

ROME,     ROMAN     EMPIRE,     and    ITALY 


Second  Punic  War 

The    Second    Punic   War 

Hannibal;    Battle   of    Cannae 

Fall   of   Carthage  and   Corinth 

The  Slave  Revolt  under  Sparta- 
cus 

Spartacus    and     Mithridates     (73~7i 

B.C.) 

Roman    Life    (73    B.C.) 

Pompey  and  Caesar   (s°-47  B.C.) 

Caesar    and    the    Gallic    War 

Manners  and  customs  in  the  time 
of  Augustus  (ca.  31   B.c-14  a.d.) 

Rome   under   Tiberius    (26    a.d.) 

Rome  in   the   time   of   Christ 

The  banishment  of  the  Jews,  St. 
Paul's  preaching,  The  Isthmian 
games  and  the  exploits  of  a  Greek 
athlete    (ca.    41-48    a.d.) 


Anercestes    the    Gaul 
Kallistratus 
The   Lion's    Brood 
Lords  of  the  World 
*Prusias 

Two    Thousand    Years    Ago 
(juv.) 

Woe   to   the   Conquered 

*A   Friend  of   Caesar 

Marcus,   the  Young   Centurion 
(juv.) 

Gallus 

•Neaera 
*Ben    Hur 
The  Crown   of  Pine   (juv.) 


E.   M.   Smith 

A.    H.    Gilkes 

Duffield  Osborne 

A.   J.    Church 

Ernst  Eckstein   (trans.) 

A.    J.    Church 

Alfred  Clark 

William    Stearns   Davis 

G.    Manville   Fenn 

Wilhelm    Adolf    Becker 
(trans.) 

John   W.   Graham 

Lew    Wallace 

A.   J.    Church 


826 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


ROME,   ROMAN   EMPIRE,   and    ITALY—  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Persecutions   under   Nero 

Darkness   and   Dawn 

F.   W.   Farrar 

Rome  in  the  time  of  Nero   (ca.   54- 

68    A.D.) 

*Nero 

Ernst  Eckstein  (trans.) 

Christianity    in    Rome    and    Britain 

Pomponia    (juv.) 

Mrs.  J.  B.  Webb 

Rome   in   the   time   of   Nero    (64-70 

A.D.) 

The    Burning   of    Rome 

A.  J.  Church 

Rome   in   the   time   of   Nero    (64-70 

A.D.) 

*Empress  Octavia 

Wilhelm  Walloth 

Paganism    vs.     Christianity     (64-70 

A.D.) 

•Quo   Vadis? 

H.    Sienkiewicz    (trans.) 

Rome  in   the   time   of   Nero    (64-70 

A.D.) 

Acte 

Hugh  Westbury 

The    Reign    of    Terror    under    Do- 
mitian    (67-96    a.d.) 

Domitia 

S.  Baring-Gould 

Rome  and  Judaea    (69—70   a.d.) 

The    Gladiators 

G.    J.    Whyte-Melville 

Time  of  Vespasian    (79  a.d.) 

*The  Last   Days  of  Pompeii 

Lytton 

A  Story  of  the  Coliseum 

Gaudentius    (juv.) 

G.  S.  Davies 

Time    of    Domitian    (67-96    a.d.) 

Masters  of  The  World 

Mary  A.  M.  Hoppus 

Christians  at  Carthage 

Lapsed,   but  not   Lost    (juv.) 

Elizabeth   Charles 

Early  Christians 

The    Victory    of    the    Van- 
quished    (juv.) 

Elizabeth  Charles 

Time  of  Domitian    (ca.   81-96   a.d.) 

•Quintus   Claudius 

Ernst  Eckstein  (trans.) 

95-105   A.D. 

Amor     Victor:     a     Novel     of 
Ephesus    and    Rome    (juv.) 

0.  Kenyon 

Persecution    of    Christians    in    time 
of    Trajan    (no    a.d.) 

Valerius 

John  Gibson  Lockhart 

Christians    and    the    Younger    Pliny 

To    The    Lions    (juv.) 

A.  J.  Church 

Time    of    Hadrian     (1 17-130    a.d.) 

*Antinous 

George  Taylor    (trans.) 

Marcus    Aurelius    (161-180    a.d.) 

The    Emperor 

Georg  M.  Ehers  (trans.) 

Life  and   manners   during  the  time 
of     Marcus     Aurelius      (161— 180 

A.D.) 

•Marius  The  Epicurean 

Walter  Pater 

The   Decian    and    Valerian   persecu- 
tions   (early   3rd  century) 

^Emilius    (juv.) 

A.   D.   Crake 

The   Fall   of   Palmyra    (ca.    225-270 

A.D.) 

•The    Last    Days    and    Fall    of 
Palmyra    (Zenobia) 

William  Ware 

Persecutions     of     Christians     under 
Aurelian     (3rd    century    a.d.) 

Aurelian 

William  Ware 

An     adventure     in     Rome     in     the 
reign   of    Diocletian    (ca.    284-305 

A.D.) 

The   Chaldean   Magician 

Ernst  Eckstein  (trans.) 

The  Church  in  the  Catacombs   (4th 
century) 

Fabiola 

N.  Wiseman 

HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


827 


ROME,  ROMAN  EMPIRE,  AND  ITALY  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Tenth       Persecution       under       Dio- 
cletian    (303-313    A.D.) 

Constantine    the    Great     (early    4th 
century) 

362    A.D. 

The    Emperor   Julian 


The  Early  Church  and  St.  Augus- 
tine  (late  4th  century) 

The  Romans  and  the  Alemanni 
(Germans),  near  Lake  Con- 
stance;   the    poet    Ansonius    (378 

A.D.) 

Roman  Society  and  the  Christian 
Church  in  time  of  Jerome  (362- 
403    A.D.) 

Early   days   of   Papal   Rome 

St.    Chrysostom    (387-438    a.d.) 

Invasion  of  Alaric   (408—410  a.d.) 

Jerome  and  St.  Augustine  (early 
5th   century) 

The  Invasion  of  the  Huns  (mid- 
dle   5th   century   a.d.) 

The   German   Migrations    (476   a.d.) 

Overthrow  of  the  Vandal  King 
Gelimar  by  Belisarius  (533~534 
a.d.) 

The  Ostrogoths  and  Belisarius 
(533-534  a.d.) 

The  Gothic  invasion  under  Tobi- 
las     (544-546    A.D.) 

Sicily   in   the  Middle  Ages 

Period    of    Emperor    Frederick   II 

The  career  of  Eccelin  da  Romano, 
Lord    of    Verona    (1 194-1259) 

In  the  days  of  the  great  houses  in 
Florence 

Conradin  of  Swabia  and  the  bat- 
tle  of    Tagliacozzo    (1267-1268) 

Siena  in  the  wars  of  Guelfs  and 
Ghibellines   (1268— 1269) 

The  death  of  St.  Francis  of  Assisi 
(1290) 

Cola  di  Rienzi,  the  Tribune,  and 
his  fight  for  Italian  freedom  and 
unity     (1313-1354) 


The  Egyptian   Wanderers 

Evanus    (juv.) 

Julian's   Dream 
•The  Death  of  the  Gods 

Alypius    of    Tagaste 


*A    Captive    of    the    Roman 
Eagles 


Sancta   Paula 

Jovinian    (juv.) 

Gathering    Clouds 

Antonina 

Conquering    and    to     Conquer 
(juv.) 

Attila;    or    the    Huns 

*Felicitas 

*The  Scarlet  Banner 

*A    Struggle   for   Rome 

Veranilda 

The    Proud    Prince 

La   Battaglia  di   Benevento 

The    Lord    of    the    Dark    Red 
Star 

Buondelmonte's    Saga 

Cristina:   a    Romance   of  Italy 
in  the  Olden   Days 

Provenzano   the   Proud 
The  Story  of  Antonio 
*Rienzi,   The  Last  of  Tribunes 


J.  M.  Neale 
A.   D.   Crake 

G.   S.  Davies 

Dmitri  Merejkowski 
(trans.) 

Mrs.  G.  B.  Webb 
Felix    Dahn    (trans.) 

W.   Copland  Perry 

W.  H.  G.  Kingston 

F.  W.   Farrar 

Wilkie  Collins 
Elizabeth  Charles 

G.  P.  R.  James 

Felix  Dahn 
Felix  Dahn 

Felix    Dahn    (trans.) 

George   Gissing 

Justin  Huntly  McCarthy 
F.  D.  Guerrazzi 
Eugene  Lee  Hamilton 

Maurice  Hewlett 

Emily   Underdown 

Evelyn   Gifford 


Madame  James  Darmes- 
teter 

Lytton 


828 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


ROME,   ROMAN   EMPIRE,   and   ITALY  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Castruccio      Castracani,      Duke      of 
Lucca    (Guelphs    and    Ghibellines, 
14th  century) 

•Valperga 

Mary  Shelley 

Milan   about   1340 

Margherita    Pusterla 

Cesare  Cantu 

Guelphs    and    Ghibellines    in    Milan 
and    Lake    Como    District    (early 
14th  century) 

Marco    Visconti 

T.    Grossi    (trans.) 

A    romance    of    Siena    in    the    14th 
century 

Felicita 

Christopher  Hare 

Venice,  late  14th  century 

*The  Lion  of  St.  Mark  (juv.) 

G.    A.    Henty 

Milan    (ca.    1390-1402) 

*A   Man-at-Arms 

Clinton   Scollard 

Lippi    the    Painter     (1412-1469) 

*Fra  Lippo  Lippi 

Margaret  Vere  Farring- 
ton 

Sforza  Period   (ca.   1470) 

*The   Love   Chase 

Maurice  Hewlett 

The    Medici    (15th    century 

Isabella    Orsini 

F.  D.  Guerrazzi  (trans.) 

Venice,    1470 

•Marietta 

F.  Marion  Crawford 

Life      of     the      Middle     Ages      in 
Netherlands,      Germany,      France, 
and   Italy 

*The    Cloister   and   the   Hearth 

Charles  Reade 

Genoa,    Italy,    and    America    (1485- 
1506) 

Westward    with    Columbus 
(juv.) 

W.  Gordon  Stables 

14th  century  life 

'Little  Novels  of   Italy 

Maurice  Hewlett 

Savonarola's  crusade  and  death   (ca. 
1492-1498) 

Agnes    of    Sorrento 

Harriet   Beecher   Stowe 

Charles    VIII's    invasion    of    Italy, 
Caesar    Borgia,    and    Leonardo    da 

Leonora      d'Orco;       or,   _  The 
Times    of    Cssar    Borgia 

G.  P.  R.  James 

Vinci     (1494-149  5) 

Character    and   career    of    Leonardo 
da   Vinci    (1494-1519) 

*The    Forerunner 

Dmitri    Merejkowski 

The    Rome   of   the   Borgias    (1495) 

Don    Tarquinio :    a    Kataleptic 
Romance 

Fr.  Rolfe 

Gonsalvo    di    Cordova    (ca.    1496) 

*The    Challenge    of    Barletta 

M.   D'Azeglio   (trans.) 

Florence — Savonarola     (1492-1509) 

•Romola 

George  Eliot 

The    Borgias    and    Machiavelli     (ca. 
1500-1504) 

•The   Honour   of   Savelli 

Sidney  Kilner  Levett 
Yeats 

Early    16th   century 

The  Girlhood  of  Catherine  de' 
Medici 

T.   Adolphus  Trollope 

Adventures    in    Renaissance   times 

The  Cloistering  of  Ursula 

Clinton  Scollard 

The    Borgias 

•Valentino 

William    Waldorf    Astor 

ca.    1 500 

Caesar   Borgia 

Emma  Robinson 

Florence  —  Savonarola    (1509) 

Desiderio 

Edmund  G.  Gardner 

Florence,    1 529-1 530 

•The    Maid    of    Florence    (Nic- 
colo  de'   Lapi) 

M.    D'Azeglio    (trans.) 

HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


829 


ROME,  ROMAN  EMPIRE,    and    ITALY  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Benevenuto  Cellini    (1540) 


Milan    (16th   century) 

Tasso     and     Leonora     d'Este     (ca. 
1565-1571) 

Venice    in    time    of   Tintoretto 

Venice    and    Florence    in    the    later 
days  of  the  Renaissance   (1578) 

Late   1 6th   century 

Republic     v.      Church      in      Venice 
(1565-1607) 

Venice,    time    of    Fra    Paolo    Sarpi 
(ca.   1600) 

The   Plague   in    Milan,    1630 


1622-1685 

The  ten  days'  revolt  in  Naples 
against  the  Spanish  domination 
(1647) 

1686 

17th  century 

Rosicrucians    (late    17th    century) 

War  of  Spanish  Succession  — 
Prince    Eugene   in   Italy    (1702) 

1721-1741 


Venice,       Bohemia,       Vienna,       and 
Berlin    (1 740-1 786) 

Italian    society    at    the    time    of    the 
French     Revolution     (1774-1795) 

Campaigns    of    Napoleon     in     Italy 
(ca.    1800) 

1705-18151 
1794-ca.    1800 


A     French     privateer     and     Nelson 
(1798-1799) 

Battle  of   Maida    (1806) 

Private   life   and    manners   at    Rome 
(early    18th    century) 


Ascanio 

Sforza;  a  Story  of  Milan 

Commentaries    of    Ser    Panta- 
leone 

*The  Master  Mosaic  Workers 

The   Cardinal's  Pawn 

Beatrice  Cenci 
•The  Golden  Book  of  Venice 

Signors  of  the  Night 

•The   Betrothed 

•John   Inglesant 
The  Company  of  Death 

The  Key  to  the  Riddle   (juv.) 

Paul   (V),  the  Pope,  and  Paul 
the   Friar 

Zanoni 
•Lally  of  the  Brigade 


•The  Fool  Errant,  being  the 
Memoirs  of  Francis  Strelley, 
Esq.,  Citizen  of  Lucca 

•Consuelo  I 

•The  Countess  of   Rudolstadt  ) 

•The  Valley  of  Decision 


Beatrice  of  Venice 

The  Key  of  Paradise 

His  Eminence:  a  Story  of  the 
Last   Century 

Wing-and-Wing;    or    Le    Fen- 
follet 

The   Aide-de-Camp 

•Tolla  the  Courtesan 


Alexandre   Dumas 
(trans.) 

W.  W.  Astor 

Anne  Manning 

George    Sand    (traps.) 
K.   L.  Montgomery 

F.  D.  Guerrazzi   (trans.) 
Mrs.  Lawrence  Turnbull 

Max  Pemberton 

Alessandro    Manzoni 
(trans.) 

J.    H.    Shorthouse 

Albert  Louis  Cotton 

Margaret  S.  Comrie 
T.   Adolphus  Trollope 

Lord  Lytton 
L.   McManus 

Maurice  Hewlett 

George    Sand    (trans.) 
Edith  Wharton 

Max  Pemberton 

Sidney  Pickering 
Lady   Helen    Forbes 

J.   Fenimore   Cooper 

James  Grant 
E.  Rodocanachi 


830 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


ROME,  ROMAN  EMPIRE,    and   ITALY  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Apulia     in     the     time    of     Franco- 
Austrian   struggle 

The  Silver  Skull 

S.  R.  Crockett 

Young     Italy     before     the     Revolu- 
tion   (1833-1846) 

*The  Gadfly 

E.  L.  Voynich 

The    fortunes    of    a    legitimate    son 
of   the    young   Pretender 

Gerald    Fitzgerald    the    Cheva- 
lier 

Charles  Lever 

Life  in    1835 

Improvisatore;      or,      Life      in 
Italy 

Hans  Christian  Ander- 
sen 

England  and  Italy  (1835) 

Clara  Hopgood 

W.  Hale  White  [Mark 
Rutherford] 

The   agricultural,   domestic,    and   re- 
ligious   life    of    the    peasants    of 
Romagna 

Beppo  the   Conscript 

Thomas  Adolphus  Trol- 
lope 

Conspiracies   and    revolution    (1831) 

Lorenzo  Benoni 

Giovanni  Domenico  Ruf- 
fini 

Italian    Revolution    (1848) 

*Dr.   Antonio 

Giovanni    Domenico 
Ruffini 

1848-1859 

Allegra 

Mary  West 

1848-1864 

The  Rule  of  the  Monk 

Giuseppe   Garibaldi 

The    battlefields   of    Montebello    and 
Palestro    (1859) 

Silcote  of  Silcotes 

Henry  Kingsley 

Life   of  Rome   (1848) 

*Manasseh 

M.  Jokai   (trans.) 

Revolution    (1848) 

*Vittoria 

George    Meredith 

Revolution    (1848) 

•Mademoiselle   Mori 

Margaret   Roberts 

Revolution    (1848) 

A  Soldier  for  a  Day 

E.    Spender 

Venice    in    the     Revolution     (1848- 
1849) 

Adria 

Alexander   Nelson   Hood 

Problems   of  modern   Italy 

Tolla 

Edmond   About 

War   of   Liberation    (1859) 

Out  With  Garibaldi   (juv.) 

G.  A.    Henty 

War   of   Liberation    (1859) 

*For  Freedom 

Tighe   Hopkins 

Annals  of  a  princely  house   (1865- 
ca.    1900) 

C*Saracinesca                                "j 

Sant  'Ilario  (sequel) 
<    Don    Orsino    (sequel)                > 

Corleone:   a   Sicilian   Story 
I       (sequel)                                  J 

F.   Marion   Crawford 

The    tradespeople    and    lazzaroni    of 
Naples   (1872-1878) 

*  Stories    of    Naples    and   the 
Camorra 

Charles  Grant 

Bread   Riots  of    1898   and  assassina- 
tion of  King  Humbert 

The  Torchbearers 

Mary  Bradford  Whiting 

The  Riots  at  Milan 

Frederic   Uvedale 

Edward  Hutton 

INDIA 


Queen     Chand     Beebee     (16th     cen- 
tury) 


A   Noble    Queen 


Meadows  Taylor 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


831 


INDIA  —  continued 


Rise  of  the  Mahrattas   (1657) 

East    India    Company,    1697 

Beginnings    of    English   rule    (1751- 
1757) 

Black  Hole  of   Calcutta  and  attend- 
ent   incidences    (i755-i757> 

Battle  of  Plassey   (1757) 

Fifeshire   and   India    (1780) 

Native     life     and     character     (18th 
century) 

Warren    Hastings    (1779-1785) 

The     Nawab    and     The    Begum    of 
Bengal    (late    18th   century) 

Wars   in   India   (1 788-1 789) 

Hindustan    (ca.    1795-1804) 

Tippoo  and  the  siege   of   Seringapa- 
tam    ( 1 798-1 799) 

Mysore  War    (1799) 

Mogul    empire;    fights    under    Lord 
Lake   (ca.    1800) 

Battle  of  Assaye 


Early   19th  century 

Anarchy  among  the  Mahrattas  be- 
fore British  occupation  (early 
19th  century) 

Ochterlony's  victorious  campaign 
against   the   Gurkhas    (18 14-18 15) 

ca.   1820-1830 

The  First  Burmese  War  (1824- 
1826) 

First  Afghan  War 

The   Sikh  War   (1846) 

Second  Sikh  War  and  battle  of 
Chillianwallah    (ca.    1849) 

Anglo-Indian  life  before  the  Mu- 
tiny  (ca.   1845) 

The   period   just  before  the   Mutiny 

Frontier   life 

The  Mutiny  in  an  up-country  sta- 
tion  (1857) 


•Tara 

*In  Furthest  Ind 
With  Clive  in  India  (juv.) 

*Like  Another  Helen 

•Ralph  Darnell 
The   Surgeon's  Daughter 
Confessions  of  a  Thug 

•The  Great  Proconsul 
Chandra   Shekhar 

•Tippoo  Sultaun 
A  Free  Lance  in  a  Far  Land 
The  Duke's  Own    (juv.) 

The  Tiger  of  Mysore    (juv.) 
Before  the  British  Raj 

At  the    Point   of  the   Bayonet 
(juv.) 

The  Old  Missionary 
Pandurang  Hari 

The  Prisoner  of  the   Gurkhas 
(juv.) 

The  Young  Zemindar 

On    the    Irrawaddy    (juv.) 

To  Herat  and  Cabul   (juv.) 
Through  the  Sikh  War   (juv.) 
Oakfield 

The  Wetherbys 

The   Advanced    Guard 

The  Warden  of  the  Marches 

The  Dilemma 


Meadows  Taylor 
Sydney  C.  Grier 
G.  A.   Henty 

Sydney  C.  Grier 

Meadows  Taylor 

Scott 

Meadows  Taylor 

Sydney   C.   Grier 

Rai     Bahadoor     Bankim 
Chandra  Chatterjei 

Meadows   Taylor 

Herbert  E.   Compton 

J.   Percy  Groves 

G.  A.  Henty 
Arthur    Griffiths 

G.   A.  Henty 


Sir   William    Wilson 
Hunter 

Anonymous 


Frederick   P..   Gibbon 


Horace  Bickerstaff 
Rowney 

G.  A.  Henty 


G.  A.  Henty 
G.  A.  Henty 
W.   Delafield  Arnold 

John   Lang 

Sydney  C.  Grier 
Sydney  C.  Grier 
Sir  G.  T.  Chesney 


832 


THE    HISTORY   OF    NATIONS 


INDIA  —  continued. 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

The  eight  days  of  the  escape  from 
Delhi    (1857) 

*  Eight  Days 

R.   E.   Forrest 

An    English    officer    escaping    from 
among  the  revolted  Sepoys  (1857) 

The  Sword  of  Azrael 

R.   E.   Forrest 

Cawnpore,    Delhi,    Lucknow    (1857) 

A  Hero  of  Lucknow   (juv.) 

F.   Brereton 

The  Mutiny    (1857) 

For  the  Old  Flag 

Clive  Robert  Fenn 

The  Mutiny   (1857) 

Terrible   Times    (juv.) 

G.    P.    Raines 

The  Mutiny  (1857) 

Stretton 

Henry   Kingsley 

The  Mutiny 

In   Times  of  Peril    (juv.) 

G.   A.   Henty 

Siege    of    Delhi    and    Massacre    at 
Meerut   (1857) 

*On  the  Face  of  the  Waters 

Mrs.    F.   A.   Steel 

The  Mutiny   (1857) 

Seeta 

Meadows  Taylor 

Siege  of  Delhi    (1857) 

Flotsam 

H.   Seton  Merriman 

Siege  of  Delhi    (1857) 

Jenetha's  Venture 

A.    F.    P.    Harcourt 

The    march    to    Cawnpore    and    the 
relief  of  Lucknow   (1857) 

•The  Peril  of  the  Sword 

A.    F.    P.    Harcourt 

The    Mutiny,    siege    of    Delhi;    por- 
traits of  Nicholson  Edwardes  and 
the  Lawrences   (1857) 

The  Disputed  V.    C.    (juv.) 

Frederick  P.    Gibbon 

Annexation   of  Oudh   and   the   siege 
and    relief    of    Lucknow     (1850— 
i860) 

With  Sword  and  Pen 

H.   C.    Irwin 

The  Mutiny  in  a  small  district 

Brenda's  Experiment 

H.   M.   Greenhow 

Anglo-Indian    life    at    Simla    (1869- 
1872) 

A  True  Reformer 

Sir  George  Tomkyns 
Chesney 

Through     Afghan      Passes      (1877- 
1878) 

For  Name   and   Fame    (juv.) 

G.  A.  Henty 

The    Second    Afghan    War     (1878- 
1879) 

•Helen  Treveryan 

Sir  Henry  Mortimer  Du- 
rand 

Second   Afghan   War    (1 878-1 880) 

The   Duke   of   Albany's   High- 
landers 

James  Grant 

Afghan  Life 

*A   Vizier's    Daughter:    a    Tale 
of  the  Hazara  War 

Lillias  Hamilton 

The  Burmese  War 

A  Galahad  of  the  Creeks;  and 
other  Stories 

S.   K.   Levett  Yeats 

The    wars    in    Chitral,    Tirah,    and 
Kumassi 

Through   Three   Campaigns 
(juv.) 

G.   A.   Henty 

JAPAN 


Feudal   Age   (early   17th  century) 


Hojo  times 


For  his  People:  being  the 
True  Story  of  Sogoro's  Sac- 
rifice 

•The  Stolen  Emperor 


Viscount   Hayashi 


Mrs.   Hugh   Fraser 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


833 


JAPAN  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


In  the  fifties 

Japan   at   the   outbreak   of  the   Rus- 
sian war 

Russo-Japanese  War 


Mito  Yashiki 

The   Breath  of  the  Gods 

*Brown  of  Mukden 


A.    C.    Maclay 
Sydney  McCall 

Herbert  Strang 


SPAIN    AND    PORTUGAL 


St.    Eucratida,    one    of    the   Martyrs 
of    Saragossa    (304    a.d.) 

Pedro   the    Cruel    (1361) 

Period    of    Edward    III    of    England 
(ca.   1363) 

Columbus     and     the     Discovery     of 
America    (1469-1493) 

Conquest    of    Granada    (1491— 1492) 

Jewish    Persecution    in    Spain     (ca. 
1492) 

Conquest   of   Granada    (ca.    1492) 

Conquest   of   Granada    (ca.    1492) 

Legends  and   fairy  tales   of   the  Al- 
hambra 

Battle  of  Pavia    (1525) 

Flemish  Struggle  with  Spain   (1566) 

Seville;    The    Inquisition    (1559) 

Moors    and     Christians    in    time    of 
Philip    II 

Time  of   Philip   II 

Spain  and   Portugal:   Charles  I   and 
Buckingham   in    Spain    (1643) 

Life  of  the  people    (ca.    1600) 


In     the     days     of     the     Inquisition 
(1687-1688) 

Campaign    of    the    Earl    of    Peter- 
borough  (1705) 

Brazil,  and  Portugal,  and  the  earth- 
quake  of   Lisbon    (1755) 

Cartagena    and    Quiberon    (1758) 

The  siege  of  Saragossa   (1808-1809) 

Charles   IV   and   Napoleon 


In  Holiest  Troth 


Agenor  de  Mauleon 

God,   the  King,  my   Brother 
(juv.) 

Mercedes  of   Castile 


Leila 
'The  Vale  of  Cedars 

The  Black  Disc 

Chronicles  of  the  Conquest  of 
Granada 

The   Alhambra 

St.  Leon 

L'Annee    des    Merveilles    (In't 
Wonderjaer) 

The   Spanish    Brothers    (juv.) 

In  Fair  Granada  (juv.) 

*In  the  Palace  of  the  King 
The   Spanish   Match 

*Don  Quixote  de  la  M'ancha 

A   Flame  of  Fire 

The  Bravest  of  the  Brave;  or, 
With  Peterborough  in   Spain 

Torn   from  the  Foundations 
(juv.) 

Fortune's  My  Foe 

*Saragossa 

Rafael 


Sister  Mary  Fidelis 

Alexandre    Dumas 
Mary  F.  N.  Roulet 

J.   Fenimore   Cooper 

Lytton 

Grace    Aguilar 

Albert  Lee 
Washington   Irving 

Washington   Irving 

William    Godwin 
Hendrick   Conscience 

Deborah   Alcock 

E.  Everett   Green 

F.  Marion   Crawford 
W.    Harrison   Ainsworth 

Miguel    de    Cervantes 
Saavedra 

Joseph    Hocking 

G.  A.    Henty 

David  Ker 

J.  Bloundelle  Burton 

B.    Perez    Galdos 

Ernest     Daudet     (trans, 
by  Mrs.  Cashel  Hoey) 


834 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


SPAIN  AND  PORTUGAL  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Peninsular    War    (Vittoria) 

The  Story  of  a  Scout 

J.  Finnemore 

A     village     in     Andalusia 
1812) 

(1804- 

The  Three-cornered  Hat 

Don  Pedro  de  Alarcon 
(trans.  by  Lady 
Goodenough) 

Queen     Cristina    and     the 
(ca.    1829— 1840) 

Carlists 

The   Firebrand 

S.    R.    Crockett 

The      Carlist      insurrection 
1840) 

(1829- 

Viva   Christina   (juv.) 

Edith  E.  Cowper 

The  Carlist  wars   (1836) 

With  the  British  Legion  (juv.) 

G.  A.   Henty 

The  Carlists 

•In  Kedar's  Tents 

H.   S.  Merriman 

Carlist  Insurrection    (1868) 

The  School  for  Saints 

Mrs.  Craigie  (John  Oli- 
ver Hobbes) 

The   Carlists    (1870) 

*The   Velvet   Glove 

H.   S.  Merriman 

FRANCE 


Persecution   of   Christians  at   Nimes 
(beginning  of  3rd  century  a.d.) 

Perpetua 

S.    Baring-Gould 

Time  of   Clovis    (465-511    a.d.) 

Ierne  of  Armorica 

J.   C.  Bateman 

The  tale  of  Roncesvalles,  and  other 
episodes    (8th  century) 

Stories    of    Charlemagne    and 
the  Twelve  Peers  of  France 
(juv.) 

A,    J.    Church 

Exploits    of    a    Norse    hero    on    sea 
and  land   (8th  century) 

For  the  White  Christ  (juv 

.) 

Robert  Ames  Bennet 

Franks     and     Saxons     in     the     Ar- 
dennes     District       (9th      century 

A.D.) 

*Passe  Rose 

A.    S.   Hardy 

Normandy  —  Richard     the     Fearless 
(943-988   A.D.) 

*The  Little  Duke 

Charlotte   M.    Yonge 

The     Waldenses  —  Lyons     in     time 
of  Pierre  Waldo    (ca.    11 79) 

*In  His  Name 

Edward   Everett   Hale 

Times      of      Richard      Cceur-de-Lion 
(1188-1199) 

•Richard  Yea  and  Nay 

Maurice  Hewlett 

Feudal   France   (ca.    1200) 

•The   Heart's   Key 

Maurice  Hewlett 

Struggle  with  John  of  England   (ca. 
1200-1214) 

•Philip  Augustus 

G.  P.  R.  James 

Persecution       of       the       Albigenses 

The  Most  Famous  Loba 

Nellie  K.    Blisset 

(1207-1218) 

The  young  St.   Louis   (ca.    1230) 

Falaise  of  the  Blessed   Vo 

ice 

William    Stearns   Davis 

The  Vaudois   (middle   13th  century) 

Julio  (juv.) 

Mrs.  J.   B.    Webb 

Troubadours 

The  King's  Fool 

Michael    Barrington 

Obscure   episodes   in   the   history   of 
the    Middle    Ages     (1290-1595) 

A   Mediaeval   Garland 

Madame   J.    Darmesteter 
(A.    Mary    F.    Robin- 
son) 

HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


835 


FRANCE  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Gaston      Phoebus,     Count    de     Foix 

De    Foix    (juv.) 

Mrs.  Bray 

(I343-I39I) 

Cressy    and    Poictiers,    Manny    and 
Chandos    (1347-1365) 

*Brakespeare;  or,  The  Fortunes 
of  a  Free  Lance 

G.   A.    Lawrence 

The     Hundred      Years'      War     and 
Jacquerie    (1358) 

The  Jacquerie 

G.    P.   R.   James 

The     Hundred     Years'   _  War,      the 
events   of   the   Jacquerie,    and    old 
French    family    life,    manners    and 
customs    (14th   century) 

The  Cross  of  Pearls   (juv.) 

Mrs.    Bearne 

Women    under   feudalism    (1380) 

The  Castle  of  Twilight 

Margaret  H.  Potter 

The    Duke    of   Lancaster    in    France 
(1385) 

*The  White  Company 

Sir  A.  Conan  Doyle 

Time  of  Charles   VI    (ca.    1400) 

A  Lord  of  the  Soil 

Hamilton  Drummond 

Life     of     southern     France     (1424- 
1483) 

By  Weeping  Cross 

Lady  Laura  Ridding 

Joan  of  Arc   (ca.   1412-1431) 

*Days  of  Jeanne  d'Arc 

Mary  H.  Catherwood 

Joan  of  Arc   (ca.   1412-1431) 

Joan   the   Maid 

Elizabeth   Charles 

Cherbourg  at   the   time    of   Joan    of 
Arc's  rising   (1429) 

Philip  the  Leal 

Madame  James  Darmes- 
teter 

Joan  of  Arc   (1429— 1431) 

*A  Monk  of  Fife 

Andrew  Lang 

Joan   of   Arc    (1410-1431) 

Personal  Recollections  of  Joan 
of  Arc,   by   the   Sieur   Louis 
de  Conte 

Mark   Twain 

Joan  of   Arc 

A  Noble  Purpose  Nobly  Won 

Anne  Manning 

In  Joan  of  Arc's  days   (ca.    1430) 

The  White  Standard   (juv.) 

E.    F.   Pollard 

Joan   of  Arc    (1429-1431) 

The  Flower  of  France 

Justin  Huntly  McCar- 
thy 

Agnes    Sorel,    mistress    of    Charles 
VII    (1431-1450) 

Our  Lady  of  Beauty 

Lucas  Cleeve 

The     Dauphin     Margaret,     daughter 
of  James  I   of   Scotland    (1446) 

The  Ballads  of  the  Dauphine 

Madame  James  Darmes- 
teter 

Guienne  —  Time   of   Charles   VII 

Noemi 

S.    Baring-Gould 

Mediaeval    Paris    (15th    century) 

Perronelle 

Valentine   Hawtrey 

Feudalism    (1464) 

The  Countess  of  Dammartin 

Madame  James  Darmes- 
teter 

France    and     Flanders  —  Louis     XI 
(1468) 

*Quentin   Durward 

Scott 

Charles  the   Bold,   Margaret  of   An- 
jou   (1474) 

*Anne   of   Geierstein 

Scott 

Life  of  the  Middle  Ages   (ca.    1470) 

*The   Cloister  and  the  Hearth 

Charles   Reade 

Paris    (late    15th   century) 

•Notre   Dame 

Victor    Hugo    (trans.) 

Chevalier     de      Bayard,      Battle     of 
Ravenna   (1512) 

Under  Bayard's  Banner 

Henry  Frith 

836 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


FRANCE  —  continued 


Reign  of  Francis  I   (ca.   1515-1547) 
Reign  of  Francis  I   (1518) 

Period   of   Francis   I    (1520) 

Battle    of    Pavia,    sack    of     Rome, 
Bayard    (1 523-1 527) 

Exploration   of  Canada 

Benvenuto   Cellini    (1540) 

Court  life  and  adventure  (ca.   1550) 

Jeanne,    daughter   of   Marguerite    d' 
Angouleme,   sister  of   Francis  I 

Francis  I   and   Henri   II   of   France 
(1521-1574) 

Francis  I   and   Henri   II   of   France 
(1521-1574) 

Geneva  in   the  days   of   Calvin    (ca. 
1550-1560) 

Diana    of    Poictiers    and    Henry    II 
of   France    (1558-1559) 

The    Huguenot    conspiracy    of    Am- 
boise    (1560) 

Charles     IX    and     the    eve    of    St. 
Bartholomew    (1550-1574) 

Catherine   de'    Medici   and   her   Pol- 
icy  (ca.   1570) 

The    Guises     and    the     French    Re- 
ligious  Wars    ( 1 562-1 564) 

Coligny  and   the  Huguenots    (1564- 
1568) 

St.    Bartholomew    (1 564-1 574) 

Period  of   1567-1573 

Religious    Wars    (1558    et   seq.) 

The    third    religious    war    and    St. 
Bartholomew    (1569— 1572) 

Massacre       of       St.       Bartholomew 
(1572) 

Massacre       of       St.       Bartholomew 
(1572) 

Massacre       of       St.       Bartholomew 
(1572) 

Massacre       of       St.        Bartholomew 
(1572) 


A  Ward  of  the  King 

The     True     Story     of     White 
Rose  and  the  Fair   Sibyl 

John  of  Strathbourne 

The  Constable  de  Bourbon 

Marguerite  de  Roberval 

Ascanio 

Under  the  Rose 

The  Gage   of  Red  and  White 

The  Two  Dianas 


The  Page  of  the  Duke  of  Sa- 
voy 

Under   Calvin's   Spell 


*The    Brigand;     or,     Corse    de 
Leon 

The  Traitor's  Way 

*A   Chronicle  of  the   Reign    of 
Charles  IX 

*About  Catherine  de'   Medici 


A    Cardinal    and    His    Con- 
science 

I  *For  the   Religion       ) 
<  *A  Man  of  His  Age  J 

Gaston  de  Latour 

St.   Bartholomew's   Eve    (juv.) 

*The  Princess  of  Cleves 

The  Man  at  Arms;   or,  Henri 
de  Cerons 

The  House  of  the  Wolf 
*Count  Hannibal 
•The  Chaplet  of  Pearls 

Marguerite  de  Valois 


Katherine    S.    Macquoid 
Madame  J.    Darmesteter 

R.   D.   Chetwode 

W.    Harrison    Ainsworth 

T.  G.  Marquis 
Dumas    (trans.) 
Frederic   S.    Isham 
Graham    Hope 

Dumas   (trans.) 

Dumas   (trans.) 

Deborah   Alcock 

G.   P.   R.   James 

S.  K.  Levett  Yeats 

Prosper  Merimee 
(trans.) 

Balzac    (trans.) 

Graham   Hope 

Hamilton  Drummond 

Walter  Pater 
G.    A.    Henty 
Marie  de  La  Fayette 
G.  P.  R.  James 

Stanley   Weyman 

Stanley   Weyman 

Charlotte  M.  Yonge 

Dumas   (trans.) 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


837 


FRANCE  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Court  of   Henry  III    (1578) 
Court  of  Henry  III    (1585) 

•'The   Admirable   Crichton "    (1560- 

1585) 
France    and    Poland    (1570-1626) 

Henry  of  Guise   (1578-1589) 

Period    of   the    League    (1588-1589) 

Life  at  a  ducal  court  (16th  cen- 
tury) 

Henry  of  Navarre 

Henry  of   Navarre    (1584) 
The  Three   Henries    (ca.    1588) 

Henry  of  Navarre 

Assassination  of  2nd  Duke  of 
Guise  and  the  battle  of  Ivry 
(1589-1590) 

Battle  of   Ivry    (1590) 
Henry  of   Navarre 
Henry  of    Navarre 

Early   pioneers   in    Florida 

Struggles  of  the  League  and  the 
Huguenots    (late    16th    century) 

Religious    wars    (late    16th   century) 

Richelieu    (1602-1617) 

Strolling    players    (1610-1643) 

Richelieu  and  Anne  of  Austria 
(1625-1628) 

Scottish   Guard    (1634-1637) 

Time  of  Richelieu   (ca.   1635) 

Time   of    Richelieu    (1637) 

Time  of  Richelieu  —  Conspiracy  of 
Cinq   Mars    (1642) 

Conspiracy  against  Richelieu    (1642) 

Time  of  Mazarin,  Anne  of  Austria, 
and   Conde 

Mazarin  and  Madame  de  Chevreuse 


*La  Dame  de  Monsoreau 
•The  Forty-Five 
*Crichton 

The  Lord  of  Lowedale    (juv.) 
An  Enemy  to  the  King 
*A  Gentleman  of  France 
The   Secret  of  Narcisse 

The  King's  Henchman      ) 

Under   the    Spell   of  the  > 

Fleur  de  Lis  ) 

A  King's  Pawn 

Henry  of  Guise;  or,  the  States 
of  Blois 

Chevalier  D'Auriac 

One  in  a  Thousand 


Rose  d'Albret 

The  Helmet  of  Navarre 

From  the   Memoirs  of  a  Min- 
ister of  France 

Dominique's   Vengeance 

In    Kings'    Byways:    Short 
Stories 

The  Abbess  of  Vlaye 

His  Heart's  Desire 
*Captain  Fracasse 
♦The  Three  Musketeers 

Arthur  Blane;  or  the  Hundred 
Cuirassiers 

♦Under  the  Red  Robe 

The  Man  in  Black 

♦Richelieu 

*Cinq  Mars 
Marie  de  Mancini 

♦The    Silver   Cross 


Dumas  (trans.) 
Dumas  (trans.) 
Harrison  Ainsworth 

R.    D.   Chetwode 
Robert    N.    Stephens 
Stanley   Weyman 
Edmund   Gosse 

W.  H.  Johnson 

Hamilton   Drummond 
G.    P.   R.   James 

S.    Levett  Yeats 
G.  P.  R.  James 

G.  P.  R.  James 
Bertha   Runkle 
Stanley  Weyman 

E.  Everett  Green 
Stanley  J.  Weyman 

Stanley  J.  Weyman 
Katharine   S.    Macquoid 
Theophile  Gautier 
Dumas 

James  Grant 

Stanley  Weyman 
Stanley  Weyman 
G.   P.   R.   James 

A.    de   Vigny    (trans.) 

Madame   Sophie  Gay 
(trans.) 

S.  R.  Keightley 


838 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


FRANCE  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Paris  in  Mazarin's  time  and  Can- 
ada 

Plots  and  Battles  of  the  New 
Fronde    (ca.    1 642-1 648) 

Mazarin  and  Anne  of  Austria  .(ca. 
1642-1655) 

Early  Louis  XIV  period 

War  of  the  Fronde.  Sequel  to 
"The  Chaplet  of  Pearls"  (1648- 
1653) 

Court  intrigues  in  the  days  of 
Louis  XIV    (1648) 

Regency  of  Anne  of  Austria  (1648- 
1649) 

Imprisonment  of  the  Prince  de 
Conde   (1650) 

Time   of   Mazarin 

Port  Royal   (ca.   1650) 

Louis  XIV  and  Mazarin's  minis- 
try  (1660-1671) 

Turkish    Wars    (1 663-1 664) 

Marquis  de  Brinvilliers,  the  poi- 
soner  (1665— 1676) 

Protestant  religious  story  of  the 
reign  of  Louis  XVI    (1675) 

Louis  XIV  —  Old  and  New  World 

Louis  XIV  — Old  and  New  World 
(ca.   1680) 

Old  and  New  Worlds   (ca.    1680) 


Madame  de  Maintenon  —  Hugue- 
not family 

Wars  of  Turenne 
Old  Anjou 

Towards  end  of  the  Louvois  Min- 
istry  (1687) 

The   Dragonnades    (1 683-1 687) 

Poitou  at  time  of  the  Dragonnades 
and  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict 
of   Nantes    (1685) 

Last  days  of  the   Dragonnades 
Henri  de  Tonti 


♦The  Grey  Cloak 

John  Marston  Hall 

Sister  Louise;  or  the  Story  of 
a  Woman's  Repentance 

Captain  Satan 

Stray  Pearls   (juv.) 

His  Indolence  of  Arras 

♦Twenty  Years  After 

The  War  of  Women 

The  Lovers  of  Yvonne 
The   Friends   of  Pascal    (juv.) 
*The  Vicomte  de  Bragelonne 

The  Golden   Fleece 

The    Marchioness    of    Brinvil- 
liers 

The  Preacher  and  the  King 

♦The  Refugees 
The  Black  Wolf's  Breed 


Margot,    the    Court    Shoemak- 
er's Child 

The  King's   Signet    (juv.) 


The  Clash  of  Arms 

The  Heiress  of  the  Forest 
(juv.) 

*In  the  Day  of  Adversity 


Asylum    Christi    (juv.) 
The   Huguenot 

Jacques    Bonneval 
A  Rose  of  Normandy 


Harold   MacGrath 

G.    P.    R.    James 

G.  J.   Whyte  Melville 

Louis  Gallet   (trans.) 
Charlotte    M.    Yonge 

W.   J.    Eccott 

Alexandre   Dumas 
(trans.) 

Alexandre  Dumas 

Rafael  Sabatine 

D.  Alcock 
Alexandre  Dumas 

Amedee  Achard  (trans.) 
Albert  Smith 

L.   F.   Bungener 

Sir  Arthur  Conan  Doyle 
H.    Dickson 

Millicent  E.  Mann 

Eliza  Pollard 

J.    Bloundelle    Burton 
Eleanor   C.   Price 

J.    Bloundelle    Burton 

E.  Gilliat 

G.  P.  R.  James 

Anne   Manning 
William  R.  A.Wilson 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


839 


FRANCE  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Ireland,  Brittany,  Paris  and  Mar- 
tinique —  The  slave-market 
(i697-«699) 

Persecution  of  the  Huguenots,  and 
Jean  Cavalier's  rising  in  the 
Cevennes   (i  702-1 704)  . 

The  Camisards  and  their  leader, 
Jean    Cavalier    (1 702-1 704) 

The  close  of  Louis  XVI's  reign 
(1708-1716) 

Protestants  in  the  Cevennes  at  time 
of  Jean  Cavalier  and  the  Cami- 
sards —  Louisiana  under  Iber- 
ville, Crozat,  and  Cadillac  (ca. 
1710-1720) 

Louis  XIV's  last  days  and  the 
Regency  of  Orleans 

Conspiracy  of   Cellamare    (1718) 


Final    stages    of    the    conspiracy    of 
Cellamare   (1719) 

The  Regency    (ca.    1720) 


The  Orleans  Regency;  the  plague 
at   Marseilles    (1 715-1723) 

John.  Law    (1716-1720) 

Mississippi   scheme    (1 705-1 729) 

Reign  of  Louis  XV 

Time  of  Mme.   de   Pompadour 

The  Court  of  Versailles,  the  Peace 
of  Utrecht,  and  the  Jacobites 
(1712-1722) 

Maurice  Saxe,  Adrienne  Lecouv- 
reur,  and  Voltaire 

Cardinal  Fleury  —  the  Jesuits 
(1727-1729) 

Rebellion   in   Corsica    (1735) 

Court  of  Louis  XV  and  the  camps 
and  battlefields  of  the  Low 
Countries    (1740-17  50) 

Versailles,  Paris,  and  Maryland 
(1741-1748) 

Fontainebleau 

Madame  de  Pompadour  (Irish  Bri- 
gade  stories) 

Adventure  in  time  of  Louis  XV 


The   Singer  of  Marly 

The  Scourge  of  God 

Flower  o'  the  Corn 

Sylvandire 

The  Siege  of  Lady  Resolute 

Cerise 
*Le  Chevalier  d'Harmenthal 
*The   Regent's  Daughter 

From  Behind  the  Arras 

Servants   of   Sin 

*The  Mississippi  Bubble 
John  Law,  the  Projector 
A  Broken  Rosary 
The  Hand  of  Leonare 

SA    Kent    Squire  ? 

Gwynett  of  Thornhaugh  J 

Francezka 

*01ympe  de  Cleves 

King  for  a  Summer 
"  No.    101  " 

The  House  of  Demailly 

The  Little  Huguenot  (juv.) 

The   Last   Recruit  of   Clare's 
(juv.) 

The   Favor  of  Princes 


I.  Hooper 

J.  Bloundelle  Burton 

S.    R.   Crockett 
Alexandre  Dumas 
Harris  Dickson 

G.   J.   Whyte  Melville 

Alexandre   Dumas 
(trans.) 

Alexandre   Dumas 
(trans.) 

Mrs.  Philip  C.  de  Cres- 
pigny 

J.  Bloundelle  Burton 

Emerson   Hough 

W.    Harrison   Ainsworth 

Edward  Peple 

H.    Noel   Williams 

F.    W.   Hayes 

Molly  Elliot  Seawell 

Dumas   (trans.) 

E.    Pickering 
Wymond  Carey 

Margaret  Horton  Potter 

Max   Pemberton 
S.    R.    Keightley 

Mark  Lee  Luther 


840 


THE   HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


FRANCE  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


The  reigns  of  Madame  de  Pompa- 
dour and  Madame  de  Barry 
(1770-1774) 

Court  life  at  the  close  of  Louis 
XV's  reign    (1774) 

The   Diamond   Necklace   Affair 
(1784-1785) 

Early  Revolutionary  forces  in 
Provincial    France 

Church    and    State    (1 788-1 789) 

Revolutionary   period    (1789-1815) 

Storming   of    the    Bastile    (1789) 

Hocke,  Danton,  and  Robespierre 
(1789-1793) 

Valley   of  the   Rhone    (1789) 

The  Marseilles  Battalion;  the  Ter- 
ror; and  the  Royalists  in  the 
South   (1792-1815) 

The  flight,  the  arrest,  and  the 
death  of  the  King  and  Queen 
(1789-1794) 

The  Republic  before  the  advent  of 
Napoleon    (1 792-1 793) 

Reign   of    Terror    (1 789-1 794) 

Reign   of  Terror    (1793) 

Aristocrats   in   captivity    (1793) 


The  Chouans   (1 790-1 793) 

The    American    Embassy    at    Paris 
during    the    Revolution 

La  Vendee   (1793) 

Execution      of      Marie      Antoinette 
(i793) 

The  Reign  of  Terror   (1793) 

The    Rising    in    La    Vendee    (1791- 
1796) 

Guerrilla     fighting     in     La     Vendee 
(1 791-1796) 

Caroline     of     Denmark    and     Marie 
Antoinette    (1772-1793) 

Royalists    in    Paris    (1793) 

Camille    Desmoulins 


•Memoirs  of  a  Physician 

Monsieur   de  Chauvelin's  Will 

The  Queen's  Necklace 

*A   Romance  of  Dijon 

In   Exitu   Israel 

The  Story  of  a  Peasant 

Ange    Pitou 
Robert  Tournay 

*The  Red  Cockade 

(  *The  Reds  of  the  Midi  ) 
<  *The  Terror  > 

(  *The  White  Terror         ) 

*La  Comtesse  de  Charny 

•Madame  Therese   (juv.) 

*A  Tale  of  Two  Cities 

The   Woman   with   the   Velvet 
Necklace 

A  Girl  of  the  Multitude 
(Eglee) 

The  Little  Saint  of  God 

Calvert  of  Strathore 

*Ninety-three 

•Chevalier  de  Maison   Rouge 

The  Year  One 

No  Surrender  (juv.) 


Foes  of  the  Red  Cockade 
(juv.) 

Two  Queens 


An  Episode  of  the  Terror 
Crowned  with   the   Immortals 


Dumas   (trans.) 

Dumas  (trans.) 
Dumas  (trans.) 
M.    Betham   Edwards 

S.    Baring-Gould 

E.     Erckmann    and     A. 
Chatrian 

Dumas   (trans.) 

William   Sage 

Stanley  J.  Weyman 

Felix   Gras    (trans.) 

Dumas  (trans.) 

Erckmann  and   Chatrian 

Dickens 
Dumas    (trans.) 

W.  H.  Trowbridge 


Lady     Fairlie     Cunning- 
ham 

Carter  Goodloe 


Victor   Hugo 
Dumas   (trans.) 

J.  Bloundelle  Burton 
G.   A.   Henty 

F.   S.   Brereton 

J.   G.  L.  Hesekiel 

H.    de   Balzac 
Mrs.  Hylton  Dale 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


841 


FRANCE  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


The  Terror 

Adventures    of    a    Westminster    boy 

The  Reign  of   Terror    (1793) 

Art  student  in  the  Terror    (1793) 

Cascony    (1793) 

Paris,     Charlotte     Corday,     and    the 
Luxembourg    (1792-1793) 

Battle    of    Jersey    and    the    French 
Revolution    (1781-1815) 

Marat,      Robespierre      and      Camille 
Desmouhns 

Paris     during     the     Terror     (1777- 
1793) 

Normandy  —  time  of  Charlotte  Cor- 
day 

Danton's  career 

The  Terror 

England,    Bury    St.    Edmunds,    and 
France 

The   Terror  —  Batz   conspiracy 

Robespierre    (1794) 

Son   of   Louis  XVI    (1795-1815) 

The  Dauphin  (Louis  XVII) 
The  Dauphin  (Louis  XVII) 
Rise  of  Napoleon   (1 793-1799) 


Royalist  Conspiracy  under  the   Con- 
sulate 

Royalist       struggle       in        Brittany 
(1799-1800) 

Royalist  insurrection  in  Vendee  and 
Brittany  (1799-1800) 

Napoleon   and   Josephine 


Georges  Cadoudal  and  the  Breton 
peasantry's  conspiracy  against 
Napoleon    (1 803-1 804) 

Napoleon  and  a  Parisian  actress 
(1804) 

Napoleonic  schemes  for  Invasion 
of   England 


Nicole 

In  the  Reign  of  Terror  (juv.) 

In    the    Lion's   Mouth    (juv.) 
*The  Atelier  du  Lys 

On  the  Edge  of  the  Storm 
•Citoyenne  Jacqueline 

•The  Battle  of  the  Strong 

•Mademoiselle  Mathilde 


•The    Adventures    of    Francois 
Founder 


•The  Dream   Charlotte 


•A  Storm-Rent  Sky 

The  Adventures  of  the  Comte 
la  Muette 

Our  Lady  of  Darkness 


The   Red    Shirts 
*At  the   Sign  of  the   Guillotine 
*Lazarre 

The  Shadow  of  a  Throne 

A  Castle  in  Spain 

The  Whites  and  the  Blues 

The    Adventures    of    a    Gold- 
smith 

*The  Chouans 
The  Companions  of  Jehu 
Romance  of  the  First  Consul 
General   George 

The  Fortunes  of  Fifi 
•Uncle  Bemac 


Owen    Johnson 
G.   A.   Henty 
Eleanor   C.    Price 
Margaret  Roberts 
Margaret  Roberts 
Sarah    Tytler 

Gilbert    Parker 

Henry   Kingsley 

S.   Weir  Mitchell 

M.    Betham   Edwards 

M.    Betham   Edwards 
Bernard  Capes 

Bernard  Capes 

Paul   Gaulot    (trans.) 

Harold  Spender 

Mary    Hartwell    Cather- 
wood 

F.  W.  Hayes 

Bernard  Capes 

Alexandre     Dumas 
(trans.) 

M.   H.    Bourchier 
Balzac    (trans.) 


Alexandre  Dumas 
(trans.) 

Mathilda    Mailing 
(trans.) 

Moreton   Hall 


M.  E.   Seawell 

Sir  A.   Conan   Doyle 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


FRANCE  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Fouche,      etc.        (1806- 


Napoleon, 
1815) 


Westphalia  under  Jerome  Bona- 
parte (1807-1813) 

French  Wars,  Consulate  and  Em- 
pire  (1783-1812) 

Napoleonic  Wars,  the  French  at- 
tempt in  Ireland   (1 793-1809) 

Time  of   Napoleon 

Time  of  Napoleon 

Places  and  manners  in  Auvergne 
(1804) 

The  Chouans  and  Georges  Cadou-- 
dal   (1804-1814) 

Invasion  of  Tyrol   (1809) 
Russian   campaign    (1 805-1 820) 

Madame  Walewska's  self-abandon- 
ment to  Napoleon  for  her  coun- 
try's sake   (1806-1812) 

Joseph  Bonaparte's  usurpation  of 
the   throne   of   Spain    (1808-1813) 

Peninsular  War    (1808-18 10) 

Anjou  and  contemporary  politics 
(1811) 

Napoleon's  Russian  campaign 
Napoleon's  Russian  campaign 
Napoleon  and  his  time 


Napoleonic  Wars 

Napoleon's  Russian  campaign 

Jean   Lafitte  and  Napoleon 

Napoleon's  Russian  campaign  (181 2) 

Mecklenburg    during    French    occu- 
pation   (1813) 

Napoleon  and  his  time 

Invasion  of  France  by  the  Allies 

Napoleon   at    Elba 


A    Boy    of    the    First    Empire 
(juv.) 

Love  and   Honour 


Tom  Burke  of  "  Ours  " 

Maurice   Tiernay,    the    Soldier 
of  Fortune 

A  Prisoner  of  War   (juv.) 

The  Island  of  the  English 

Madeleine;    a    Tale   of 
Auvergne 

The  House  of  the  Combrays 


(  With  the  Red  Eagle        ) 
I  A   Red   Bridal    (sequel)  J 


*War  and  Peace 


Napoleon's   Love   Story 


The  King's  Revoke 

•Dona  Ysabel 

Angelot 

Kenneth    (juv.) 

Through  Russian  Snows  (juv.) 

Face   to   Face  With   Napo-  ) 

leon   (juv.)  I 

In     the    Year  of    Water-   f 

loo   (juv.)  ) 


I! 


Exploits  of  Brigadier 

Gerard 
The  Adventures  of  Gerard 


Barlasch  of  the  Guard 

Lafitte  of  Louisiana 

Moscow 

In    the   Year   '13 

•The  Conscript 

•The  Blockade 

Vengeance  is  Mine 


AUTHOR 


Elbridge  S.  Brooks 

M.    E.    Carr 

Charles  Lever 

Charles  Lever 

G.    Norway 
Frank   Cowper 
Julia   Kavanagh 

G.  Le  Notre 

William  Westall 

Count  L.   Tolstoy 
(trans.) 

Waclaw  Gasiorowski 

Margaret  L  Woods 

Mathilda  Mailing 
(trans.) 

Eleanor  C.  Price 

Charlotte  M.  Yonge 
G.  A.  Henty 
O.  V.  Caine 


Sir  A.  Conan  Doyle 

Henry  Seton  Merriman 
Mary  Devereu 
Fred  Whishaw 
Frit*  Reuter 


Erckmann  and  Chatrian 
(trans.) 

Erckmann  and  Chatrian 
(trans.) 

Andrew    Balfour 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


843 


FRANCE  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Napoleon    at    Elba 

Grantley   Fenton 

M.   M.    Blake 

The  Hundred  Days   (1815) 

*The    Shadow    of    the   Sword 

R.  Buchanan 

Battle   of  Waterloo   (1815) 

•Waterloo 

Erckmann   and   Chatrian 
(trans.) 

Waterloo 

*The  Great  Shadow 

Sir  A.    Conan    Doyle 

Waterloo    (1815) 

*Les  Miserables 

Victor    Hugo    (trans.) 

Napoleon's  return    (1815) 

The   Hundred   Days 

Max  Pemberton 

Duchesse   de    Berri    (1 831-1832) 

The  She  Wolves  of  Machecoul 

Alexandre  Dumas 
(trans.) 

Duchesse   de    Berri    ( 183 1— 1832) 

The  Fiery  Dawn 

M.   E.   Coleridge 

Society    under    Louis    Philippe 

Madelon 

Edmond   About 

Revolution  of  1848 

•Journeyman    Love 

Maud   Stepney  Rawson 

Louis    Philippe    and     Napoleon     III 
(1848-1868) 

Ishmael 

M.   E.   Braddon 

Revolution  of   1848 

A    Man   of   the    People    (juv.) 

Erckmann  and   Chatrian 

The    court    life    of    Louis    Philippe 
and  the  sanguinary  events  of  the 
Third    Revolution    (1848) 

A  Romance  of  the  Tuileries 

Francis  Grible 

The  Coup  d'   Etat   (1848) 

The  Mysteries  of  Marseilles 

Emile   Zola 

The    Dauphin,    Louis    XVII    (1849- 
1850) 

*The  Last  Hope 

H.   Seton  Merriman 

Effect  of  the  Revolution  of  1848  on 

The   Fortunes   of  the   Rougons 

Emile    Zola 

the  provinces 

After  the  Coup  d'etat  of  1848 

*The    Conquest    of    Plassans 

Emile    Zola 

Eugene  Rouher 

*His  Excellency 

Emile   Zola 

Contrasts  the  old-fashioned  noblesse 
with   the   bourgeois 

Mile,   de   la   Seigliere 

Jules  Saudean 

Manners     and    morals     in    mid-ioth 
century  Paris 

The    Sentimental    Education 

Gustave  Flaubert 

War  with  Algiers   (1871) 

A  Campaign  in  Kabylia 

Erckmann   and   Chatrian 

Napoleon   III 

The  Member   for   Paris 

E.    C.   Grenville  Murray 

Corsica    (1 858-1870) 

The  Isle  of  Unrest 

H.    S.    Merriman 

Franco-German       War       from       the 
standpoint     of     the     ceded     Prov- 
inces   (1870-1871) 

Story  of  the  Plebiscite   (juv.) 

Erckmann  and   Chatrian 
(trans.) 

The    Commune    (1870-1871) 

The  Dayspring 

W.  Barry 

The  Commune 

The   Parisians 

Lytton 

The    Franco-German    War    and   The 
Commune    (1870-1871) 

The  Maids  of  Paradise 

Robert  W.  Chambers 

Franco-German  War 

•Lorraine 

Robert  W.  Chambers 

844 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


FRANCE  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Franco-German     War Worth 

and  Strassburg 

Siege  of   Strassburg    (1871) 

Wissembourg  and  Worth 

Mars  la  Tour,  Gravelotte,  and  other 
battlefields  in  the  Franco-German 
War 

Franco-Prussian   War 

Franco-German  War  —  Sedan  and 
Paris 

Sedan 

Metz  and  Sedan 

Crown   Prince  of  Germany- 
Paris —  Escape  of  the  Empress 
The   Commune 

Siege  of  Paris 
Franco-German  War 

Franco-Prussian    War    (1 870-1 871) 

Paris  life  during  the   Siege 

Franco-German  War  and  the  siege 
of   Paris 

Life  in  the  provinces  during  Fran- 
co-Prussian War 

Brittany  and  the  Franco-Prussian 
War 

A  tale  of  two  sieges  of  Paris 

Paris   Commune 
Algerian   war    (1871) 


The  Garden   of  Swords 


Max   Kromer    (juv.) 

The  Castle  of  the  White  Flag 
(juv.) 

John  of   Gerisau 


The  Young  Franc-Tireurs 
(juv.) 

"The   Downfall 


Valentin 
"The  Disaster 

The  Crimson  Wing 
Ashes  of  Empire 
'The   Commune 

Robert  Helmont 

•The   Attack   on   the   Mill;   and 
other  Sketches  of  War 

Under  the  War  Clouds   (juv.) 

Workman  and  Soldier   (juv.) 

Under  the  Iron  Flail 

Iseulte 

The  White  Month 

A    Woman    of    the    Commune 
(juv.) 

•The  Red  Republic 

•A  Modern  Legionary 


Max   Pemberton 

Hesba   Stretton 
Evelyn  Everett  Green 

John   Oxenham 

G.   A.    Henty 
Emile  Zola 

Henry  Kingsley 

Paul  and  Victor  Mar- 
gueritte 

H.   C.   Chatfield  Taylor 

Robert  W.  Chambers 

Paul  and  Victor  Mar- 
gueritte 

Alphonse  Daudet 

Emile  Zola 

Eliza    F.    Pollard 

J.   Cobb 

John   Oxenham 

C.  L.  H.  Dempster 

Frances  M.  Peard 

G.  A.  Henty 

Robert  W.  Chambers 
John  Patrick  Le  Poer 


ENGLAND 


Beowulf;  Arthur  and  the  Round 
Table;  Treasure  of  the  Nibelungs 
(Legendary) 

Roman  invasion;  Boadicea;  Burning 
of   Rome    (ca.    60-70   a.d.) 

Druids  and  Romans  (middle  2nd 
century) 


Heroes    of    Chivalry    and    Ro- 
mance  (juv.) 


Beric,  the  Briton  (juv.) 
One  Traveller  Returns 


A.  J.  Church 


G.  A.  Henty 


David  Christie  Murray 
and  Henry  Herman 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


845 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Early    Christianity    in    Britain    (2nd 
century) 

Early  Christianity  in    Britain 

3rd  century 

A   tale   of   the  tenth   persecution   in 
Britain    (3rd  century) 

A  tale  of  the  Roman  British  Church 
(3rd  century) 

Rome   and    Britain    (3rd   century) 


Roman    occupation    of    Britain    (4th 
century) 

Evacuation    of    Britain    by    the    Ro- 
mans  (306—451   A.D.) 

King    Arthur's    father    and    mother 
(ca.   490   A.D.) 

Arthurian  legends 


Briton  and  Angle  in  the  days  of 
the  Saxon  conquest  of  Deira 
(Yorkshire)     (ca.    547) 

Mission  of  St.  Augustine   (597  A.D.) 

Old  Grimsby  and  Lincoln  (6th  cen- 
tury) 

The  conversion  of  the  Surrey  Bor- 
der in  the  time  of  Ethelbert 

Edwin  of  Northumbria  (the  Bret- 
walda),  the  introduction  of  Chris- 
tianity into  Deira,  the  coming  of 
Augustine    (ca.    600-630   a.d.) 

Early  7th  century 


Conversion   of  the   early   Saxons 

The  conversion  of  Northumbria  (7th 
century) 

The    times    of    St.    Aidan    (636-651 
a.d.) 

The  Saxons  in  the  Isle  of  Wight 

Days    of    the    Heptarchy     (ca.    792 

A.D.) 

Viking  raids    (middle   9th   century) 
The  Vikings   (middle  9th  century) 
Edmund    the    Martyr    (9th    century) 
Alfred's   boyhood 


Daybreak    in    Britain    (juv.) 

Edol   the   Druid    (juv.) 

The  Romans  in  Britain   (juv.) 

The  Camp  on  the  Severn 

The  Villa  of  Claudi 


No.    XIII;    or,    The    Story    of 
the  Lost  Vestal 

A  Duke  of  Britain 


The     Count     of     the      Saxon 
Shore    (juv.) 

Uther  and  Igraine 


The     Story     of     King     Arthur 
and  his  Knights   (juv.) 

Builders  of  the  Waste 


Imogene    (juv.) 

Havelock,   the  Dane   (juv.) 

The   Shaven    Crown    (juv.) 


The    Paladins    of    Edwin    the 
Great    (juv.) 


Sketches  of  Christian  Life  in 
England  in  the  Olden 
Time 

St.  Cedd's  Cross  (juv.) 

The  Son  of  y£lla  (juv.) 

A  Scholar  of  Lindisfarne 
(juv.) 

Caed walla   (juv.) 

A  King's  Comrade   (juv.) 

A  Thane  of  Wessex  (juv.) 
The  Thrall  of  Leif  the  Lucky 
The  Wooing  of  Osyth  (juv.) 
The  King's  Sons  (juv.) 


O.  E. 

W.  H.  G.  Kingston 
Mrs.  Jerome  Mercier 
A.  D.  Crake 

E.  L.  Cutts 

Emma  Marshall 

Sir  H.  Maxwell 

A.  J.  Church  and 
R.  Putnam 

Warwick.  Deeping 
Howard  Pyle 
Thorpe  Forre 

Emily  S.  Holt 
C.  W.  Whistler 

M.    Bramston 


Sir  Clements  R.  Mark- 
ham 


Elizabeth  Charles 

E.   L.   Cutts 
Gertrude  Hollis 

Gertrude  Hollis 

Frank    Cowper 
C.  W.  Whistler 

C.  W.  Whistler 
Ottilie    A.    Liljencrantz 
Kate  T.   Sizer 
G.    Manville   Fenn 


846 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


Alfred's  boyhood,   St.   Boniface,  etc. 


A    Story   of    Saga   the   Dane    (871- 

878    A.D.) 

Alfred's  fights  with  the  Danes  in 
Wessex  and  elsewhere 

Edward  Atheling,  Siege  of  Roches- 
ter, and  the  refounding  of  London 
(885    A.D.) 

Saxon  and  Dane   (871—901) 


First  English   Fleet 

Winchester,  the  Danes,  etc. 

Alfred   and   his   times    (ca.    871—896 

A.D.) 

Early  British  Christians 
King  Alfred's  times 

The  Danes 

The   Northmen    (913-945  a.d.) 

Dunstan  (955-958  a.d.) 

The  times   of  Dunstan 

Saxon    slavery    in    Sherwood    Forest 
(late    10th   century) 

Her  brave  defence  of  Corfe  Castle 

Last     struggle     of     British     against 
Danes  (early  nth  century) 

Danes  in  East  Anglia 

Danes  in   Wessex;    Canute   (ca. 
1016) 

Edmund   Ironside  and   Canute 

Edward  the  Confessor   (middle  Ilth 
century) 

The  Norman  Conquest  (ca.  1066) 

The   Norman   Conquest    (ca.    1066) 

The    Norman    Conquest    (ca.    1066) 
The   Norman    Conquest    (ca.    1066) 
The  Norman   Conquest   (1070) 
The   Norman   Conquest   (1066— 1099) 


Annals     of     an     Anglo-Saxon 
Family   (juv.) 

In  Alfred's  Days  (juv.) 
Hastings  the   Pirate   (juv.) 
*God  Save  King  Alfred 


The    Dragon    and    the    Raven 
(juv.) 

•King  Alfred's  Viking  (juv.) 

A   Hero   King 

A  Lion  of  Wessex 

Glastonbury  (juv.) 

Twixt  Daydawn  and  Light 
(juv.) 

The   Black  Danes    (juv.) 

*Thorstein  of  the  Mere:  a  Saga 
of  the  Northmen  in  Lake- 
land 

Edwy  the  Fair 

The  Sins  of  a  Saint  (juv.) 

The  Wages   of   Battle 

Brave  Dame  Mary  (juv.) 
King  Olaf's  Kinsman 

Wulfric   the    Weapon    Thane 
*Alfgar  the  Dane 

•The  Ward   of   King  Canute 
Edward  the  Exile 

•Hereward  the  Wake 

•Harold;  or  the  last  of  the 
Saxon  Kings 

William  the  Conqueror 

Wulf  the  Saxon 

The  Camp  of  Refuge 

The   Rival   Heirs 


Elizabeth  Charles 
Paul  Creswick 
Paul  Creswick 
E.  Gilliat 

G.  A.  Henty 

C.  W.  Whistler 
Eliza  F.  Pollard 
Tom  Bevan 

Mrs.  A.   Payne 
Gordon  Stables 

Anonymous 

W.  G.  Collingwood 

A.  D.  Crake 
J.  R.  Aitken 
W.  H.  Herbert 

Anonymous 

C.   W.   Whistler 

C.  W.  Whistler 
A.  D.  Crake 

Ottilie   A.    Liljencrantz 
Mary  M.    Davidson 

Charles   Kingsley 
Lytton 

Sir  Charles  Napier 
G.  A.  Henty 
Charles  Macfarlane 
A.  D.  Crake 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


847 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

The    last    struggle   against    the   Con- 
queror  (1073— 1096) 

The   Siege   of   Norwich   Castle 
(juv.) 

M.  M.  Blake 

1087-1100 

Rufus;  or  the  Red  King 

J.  Gregor  Grant 

Reign  of  William  Rufus   (ca.   1100) 

In  the  Days  of  St.   Anselm 

Gertrude   Hollis 

The  England  of  William  Rufus   (ca. 
1 1 00) 

Count   Robert  of   Paris 

Sir  Walter   Scott 

End    of    reign    of    William    Rufus 
(1100) 

The  Red  King's   Burial   (juv.) 

H.   Cadwallader  Adams 

The  Norman  Kings   (1 100— 1 135) 

Pabo,   the   Priest 

S.   Baring  Gould 

Social    conditions    in    the    time    of 
Stephen   (1136) 

The  Serf 

C.  Ranger  Gull 

Wars     of     Stephen     and     Matilda; 
excellent   description    of   the   anti- 
Jewish       outbreak       at       Norwich 
(1137-1146) 

For  King  or  Empress   (juv.) 

C.  W.   Whistler 

Period  of  Stephen 

The     Knight     of    the     Golden 
Chain   (juv.) 

R.  D.  Chetwode 

Wars    of    Stephen    and    Matilda 
(1137-1158) 

A  Legend  of  Reading  Abbey 

Charles  Macfarlane 

Wallingford     Castle     (middle     12th 
century) 

Brian  Fitzcourt 

A.   D.    Crake 

Convent  life    (middle   12th   century) 

Westminster    Cloisters 

M.    Bidder 

Plantagenet   Period 

Court  Life  under  the  Plan- 
tagenets 

Hubert  Hall 

Henry  II,   Hugh   of  Lincoln,   Robin 
Hood,    and    Clym    of    the    Clough 
(1 186—1200) 

Forest  Outlaws  (juv.) 

E.  Gilliat 

Henry  II  —  Wales  (1187) 

The   Betrothed 

Sir  Walter   Scott 

Thomas  a   Becket 

*Der  Heilige 

C.   F.   Meyer 

Henry    II,    Richard    I,    and    Robin 
Hood 

*Maid  Marian 

Thomas  Love  Peacock 

Richard     as     Prince     and     King  — 
Europe  and  the  East   (1188-1199) 

*The      Life      and      Death      of 
Richard   Yea-and-Nay 

Maurice   Hewlett 

Richard    I  —  Yorkshire   and    Leices- 
tershire   (1194) 

*Ivanhoe 

Scott 

Crusades 

With     Richard     the     Fearless: 
a   tale   of   the   Red    Crusade 
(juv.) 

Paul  Creswick 

The  Third   Crusade 

Lady  Sybil's  Choice   (juv.) 

Emily  S.  Holt 

Rosamond    and     Becket     (late     12th 
century) 

The   Lady   and  the  Priest 

Mrs.   Maberley 

The   Third   Crusade 

Brothers  in  Arms    (juv.) 

F.   B.  Harrison 

The  Third  Crusade 

Sir  Geoffrey  de   Skeffington 

Bryan  W.  Ward 

Reign   of   Henry  II    (late    12th  cen- 
tury) 

Fair   Rosamond 

Thomas  Miller 

848 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


Londoners  against  their  Norman 
oppressors    (1192-1196) 

Richard  I  —  Robin  Hood    (1192) 

Time   of  John  —  Robin   Hood 

Manners,  customs,  dress,  life,  and 
ideas  of  the  12th  and  13th  cen- 
turies 

Time  of  John  —  Papal  Interdict 
(1208— 1212) 

Monastic  life  in  the  time  of  King 
John 

Time  of  John  —  the  Charter  (1215- 
1218) 

The  Great  Charter 

Sherwood  Forest  (ca.   1200) 

Sherwood  Forest 

Robin  Hood  days 
Robin  Hood 

Robin    Hood 

Robin   Hood 

Robin  Hood 

Period  of  Henry  III   (1224— 1227) 

Period  of  Henry  III  —  Hampshire 
and   France 

The  days  of  Roger  Bacon  (middle 
1 2th  century) 

Prince  Edward  Simon  de  Montfort; 
the  Barons'  Wars,  and  the  Welsh 
marches    (1262) 

The  Barons'  Wars   (1264— 1265) 
The  Barons'  Wars   (1264-1265) 

The  Barons'  Wars  (1264—1265) 

Oxford,  Kenilworth,  Battle  of 
Lewes   (1264) 

Kenilworth  in  the  time  of  the  Ba- 
rons'  Wars 


Longbeard;    or,   the   Revolt   of 
the   Saxons 

In  Lincoln   Green    (juv.) 

Wolf's  Head    (juv.) 

*The  Forest  Lovers 


Royston  Gower 

Uncanonized 

Runnymede   and   Lincoln  Fair 

Spurs  and  Bride    (juv.) 

Robin   Hood,    Romance  of   the 
English   Forest 

Robin    Hood;    or,    The    Merry 
Men   of    Sherwood   Forest 

The    Boy   Foresters    (juv.) 

The      Romantic      History      of 
Robin  Hood 

The    Life    and    Adventures   of 
Robin  Hood 

Merry    Adventures    of    Robin 
Hood    (juv.) 

Robin    Hood    and    his    Adven- 
tures   (juv.) 

The  Robber  Baron  of  Bedford 
Castle 

A      Stout      English      Bowman 
(juv.) 


John   o'   London 


The  Forest  Prince 


The   Adventures   of    Humfrey 
Chatteris   (juv.) 

The  House  of  Walderne 
(juv.) 

How  I  Won  My  Spurs 

*A  Clerk  of   Oxford 

Princess  Adelaide   (juv.) 


Charles    Mackay 

E.  Gilliat 
E.  Gilliat 
Maurice    Hewlett 

Thomas  Miller 

Margaret  H.  Potter 

J.  G.  Edgar 

Gertrude   Hollis 
A.    Alexander 

Pierce    Egan   the 
Younger 

Anne  Bowman 

Barry   Pain 

John    B.   Marsh 

Howard  Pyle 

Paul    Creswick 

A.  J.    Foster  and  E.   E. 
Cuthell 

E.  A.  Pickering 
S.  Gibney 
Bryan   W.  Ward 

Sheila  E.  Braine 

A.   D.   Crake 

J.  G.  Edgar 

E.  Everett  Green 

Emily   S.    Holt 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


84.9 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


Henry     III,     De     Montfort,     Robin 
Hood   (1265) 

Henry   III   and  the  8th   Crusade 


Hubert  de  Burgh 

Reign  of   Edward  I    (1273) 

Welsh  Wars  (1275) 

Welsh   wars 

Edward   I's   children 

Edward   II  —  Edward   III 

Period      of      Edward      III  —  Welsh 
border  warfare 

Crecy,   Poictiers,  and   Calais 

Cregy  and  Poictiers 

Invasion    of    France   and    Battle    of 
Cregy   (1346) 

The  Black  Prince 

Black    Prince,    Van    Artevelde,    and 
Manny    (1347) 

Edward    Ill's    time  —  Black    Death 
(ca.    1348-1350) 

Black  Prince  in  Spain  (middle  14th 
century) 

Black  Prince  in  Spain 

Time  of  Edward  III 


Edward  III  —  Winchelsea  and  Rye 
(ca.   1377) 

Sir  John  Chandos  and  other  knights 
in    England,    France,    and    Spain 

Philippa  de  Rouet,  Chaucer's  wife, 
and  her  sister,  the  wife  of  John 
of  Gaunt  (ca.   1360-1396) 

Peasant   Revolt    (1379-1385) 

Peasant  Revolt  —  Kent,  Wat  Tyler, 
and   Chaucer   (1380) 

The  Black  Death  and  the  Peasants' 
Revolt   (1381) 

Peasant  Revolt  in  Herts  and  Essex 
(1381) 

Richard  II,  Will  Langland,  Chaucer, 
Wat  Tyler,  and  the  Peasant  Re- 
volt  leaders    (1381) 


•Forest  Days 

"The     Prince     and     the     Page 
(juv.) 

The   Constable's   Tower 

The    Merchant   and   the    Friar 

*The  King's  Reeve  (juv.) 

The  Lord  of  Dyneover  (juv.) 

My  Lady  Joanna  (juv.) 

In  the   Shadow  of  the  Crown 

The  Countess  Alys   (in  "  New 
Canterbury  Tales  ") 

In  the  Days  of  Chivalry  (juv.) 

St.  George  for  England  (juv.) 

With  the  Black  Prince 

Cregy   and    Poictiers 
Hugh   the   Messenger 


•The      Gathering      of      Brother 
Hilarius 

•The  Lances  of  Lynwood 


Agenor   De   Mauleon 

God,    the    King,    my    Brother 
(juv.) 

God   Save   England  I 
•Eric  the   Archer    (juv.) 
In    Chaucer's    Maytime 

•Robert  Annys,  Poor  Prit 
John   Standish 

Red  Dickon  the  Outlaw  (juv.) 

•The    Banner   of   St.    George 

•Long  Will 


G.  P.  R.  James 

Charlotte  M.  Yonge 

Charlotte  M.  Yonge 

Sir  Thomas  T.  Palgrave 

E.   Gilliat 

E.   Everett   Green 

E.   Everett  Green 

M.    Bidder 

Maurice    Hewlett 

E.   Everett  Green 
G.  A.  Henty 
W.    O.    Stoddard 

J.  G.  Edgar 
Gertrude  Hollis 

Michael   Fairless 

Charlotte  M.  Yonge 

Dumas   (trans.) 

Mary  F.  Nixon  Roulet 

F.    Breton 

Maurice  H.  Hervey 

Emily  Richings 

Annie  Nathan  Meyer 
E.  Gilliat 

Tom  Bevan 

M.   Bramston 

Florence   Converse 


850 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Peasants'  Revolt  (1381) 


Peasants'  Revolt  (1381) 

Black  Prince,  Du  Guesclin,  and 
Chandos  (1385) 

Peasant  Revolt  and   Flanders 

Battle  of  Otterbourne   (1388) 

Struggles  on  the  Welsh  and  Scotch 
Borders    (1400—1425) 

Welsh  rebellion  against  Henry  IV: 
Hotspur,  Glendower,  and  Morti- 
mer   (1400) 

The  days  of  Prince  Hal 

Henry  IV  to  Henry  V  —  Lyndhurst 
District  and  Winchester 

Sir  John  Oldcastle 

Falstaff  and  Agincourt    (1413-1415) 

Henry  V  (1413-1415) 

The  White  Hoods  of  Paris   (1415) 

Henry  V  and  the  Princess  Cath- 
erine of   France  (1417) 

Bohemia,  Prague,  Burgstein,  and 
England    (1422-1432) 

Sisters    of   James   II    of   Scotland 

Wars  of  the  Roses   (1422-1435) 

A     Canterbury     pilgrimage     in     the 
time   of  Jack   Cade's    rebellion 
(1450) 

Wars  of  the  Roses  —  The  King- 
maker, Charles  the  Bold,  etc. 
(1467) 

Wars  of  the  Roses  —  Richard  of 
Gloucester   (ca.   1471) 

Struggle  of  Lancaster  and  York 

Wars  of  the  Roses  —  Richard  of 
Gloucester 


Wars  of  the  Roses  — -  Tewkesbury 


Prince  Edward,  son  of  Henry  VI 
(1459-1485) 

Edward  IV  and  Warwick  the  King- 
maker and  the  battle  of  Barnet 
(1467-1471) 


The  Mediation  of  Ralph  Har- 
delot 

•The  Dream  of  John  Ball 

*The   White   Company 

A  March  on  London   (juv.) 

Otterbourne 

Both  Sides  of  the  Border 

Cambria's   Chieftain    (juv.) 

*Every  Inch  a  King 
In   the  Days  of  Prince  Hal 

A  Champion  of  the  Faith 

Coronation 

Agincourt 

At   Agincourt    (juv.) 

When  Spurs  were  Gold  (juv.) 

The   Cardinal's   Page 

Two   Penniless   Princesses 
(juv.) 

The   Old   English   Baron 

*Brazenhead  the  Great 

Grisly  Grissell 

•The  Black  Arrow  (juv.) 

The  Wars  of  the  Roses  (juv.) 

•How  Dickon  Came  by  His 
Name  (in  "  The  Deserter 
and  other  Stories  ") 

•Where  Avon  Into  Severn 
Flows  (in  "  The  Deserter 
and    other    Stories  ") 

In   the   Wars   of   the   Roses 
•The  Last  of  the  Barons 


William   Minto 

William  Morris 
Sir  A.  Conan  Doyle 

G.  A.  Henty 
Edward  Duros 
G.  A.  Henty 

Evelyn  Everett  Green 

Josephine    C.    Sawyer 
H.   Erlington 

J.  M,  Callwell 
Bernard  Hamilton 
G.  P.  R.  James 
G.  A.  Henty 
Russell  M.  Gamier 

James  Baker 

Charlotte  M.   Yonge 

Clara  Reeve 
Maurice  Hewlett 

Charlotte  M.  Yonge 

Robert  Louis  Stevenson 

J.  G.  Edgar 
Harold  Frederic 

Harold   Frederic 

Eveleyn  Everett   Green 
Lytton 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


851 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Wars   of   the   Roses 
Wars  of   the   Roses 

Margaret  of  Anjou 

Margaret  of  Anjou 
Wars  of  the  Roses 

Wars  of  the  Roses 

Wars  of  the  Roses 

Battle    of    Tewkesbury    (1471-1485) 

London,  Wales,   Brecknock  Castle 

Battle   of   Bosworth    (1483-1485) 

Richard  III  —  Henry  VII 

Time  of  Henry  VII  —  Carisbrooke 
Castle   (1488) 

Time   of    Henry   VII  —  Shrewsbury 

Last  years  of  Henry  VII;  with 
Henry  VIII   as   Prince   of   Wales 

The    rising   of    Perkin    Warbeck 
.(1492-1499) 

Northumberland  and  the  Border  in 
reigns  of  Henry  VII-VIII  (1497- 
1513) 

Time  of  Wolsey  —  Field  of  the 
Cloth  of  Gold   (1519) 

Early  years  of  reign  of  Henry  VIII 
up  to   Fall  of  Wolsey 

Charles  Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk 
and    Mary   Tudor 

Mary  Tudor  and  Charles  Brandon, 
Duke  of  Suffolk 

Wolsey,    Cranmer,    etc.    (1527) 
More   and    Erasmus    (1522-1535) 


The    dawn    of    Protestantism;    Can- 
terbury 

Anne   Boleyn 

Wolsey,     Anne     Boleyn,     and    Jane 
Seymour   (1 529-1  536) 

Anne    Boleyn    and    Wolsey     (1529- 
1543) 


In   Steel  and  Leather 

White   Wyvill  and   Red   Ruth- 
ven    (juv.) 

A  Stormy  Life 

For  the   Red   Rose    (juv.) 

The    Chantrey    Priest    of 
Barnet    (juv.) 

Red  and  White   (juv.) 

The  Queen's  Man   (juv.) 

Malvern    Chase 

Red  Rose  and  White 

The  Woodman 

Perkin    Warbeck 

The   Captain  of  the  Wight 

Wild    Humphry   Kynaston 

*The    Heir    of    Hascombe    Hall 
(juv.) 

A   Trusty   Rebel    (juv.) 
The  Arrow  of  the  North 


"Darnley 


The    Armourer's    Prentices 
(juv.) 

"When     Knighthood     Was     in 
Flower 

The  White  Oueen 


Westminster   Abbey 

•The  Household  of  Sir  Thomas 
More 

Tonford  Manor:  a  pre-Refor- 
mation  Story 

My    Friend  Anne    (juv.) 

•Windsor    Castle 

Defender  of  the  Faith 


R.  H.  Forster 
Eveleyn   Everett  Green 

Lady  Georgiana  Fuller- 
ton 

Eliza  F.  Pollard 
A.  J.   Church 

Emily  S.    Holt 
Eleanor  C.   Price 
W.   S.   Symonds 
Alfred  Armitage 
G.  P.  R.  James 
Mary   Shelley 
Frank   Cowper 

H.  Hudson 

Eveleyn   Everett  Green 

Mrs.  H.  Clarke 

R.  H.  Forster 

G.  P.  R.  James 

Charlotte  M.  Yonge 

Charles  Major 

Russell  M.   Gamier 

Emma   Robinson 
Anne  Manning 

Sardius  Hancock 

Jessie  Armstrong 

W.   Harrison   Ainsworth 

Frank  Mathew 


852 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Tyndal,   Cardinal   de   la   Pole,    early 
years   of   the    Reformation 

Destruction   of   the   Monasteries 
dS36) 

More,    Fisher,    and    Cromwell    (ca. 
IS35-I539) 

Thomas    Cromwell 


Wolsey    (1535) 

Pilgrimage  of  Grace  in  Lincolnshire 
(1536) 

Destruction   of  the   Monasteries 
(1539) 

The  Marriage  of  Anne  of  Cleves 
(i539) 

Cornwall  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
VIII,  Edward  VI,  and  Mary 
O539-1558) 

1 543-1 547 


1546 


1546-1547 

Edward  VI  as  prince  and  king 

Ket's  Rebellion   (1549) 

Fall    of   the   Protector    Somerset 
(1549-1552) 

Edward  VI  and  Mary 

Edward  VI  and  Mary 

Lady  Jane  Grey   (i537-»554) 

Prelude  to  Mary's  reign   (1553) 

Lady  Jane  Grey 

Wyatt's  Attack  on  London 

Persecutions   under   Mary    (1553- 
IS58) 

Persecutions   under   Mary    (1553- 
1559) 

The    marriage    of    Philip    of    Spain 
and  Mary  (1554) 

Times   of    Mary    (1555-1558) 

The  wife  of  Cranmer 


Robert  Aske   (juv.) 

Like  a  Rasen  Fiddler 

The  King's  Achievement 

The    House    of    the    Wizard 
(juv.) 

The   Last   Foray 

Dorothy  Dymoke   (juv.) 


The    Last    Abbot    of    Glaston- 
bury 


The    Fifth   Queen 
Pendower 


Henry  VIII  and  His  Court; 
or,   Catherine   Parr 

Passages  in  the  Life  of  the 
Faire  Gospeller,  Anne  As- 
kew   (juv.) 

Lettice  Eden;  Tale  of  Last 
Days  of  Henry  VIII    (juv.) 

*The   Prince   and  the   Pauper 

The  Maid  of  London  Bridge 

The  Constable  of   the  Tower 

Seething  Days   (juv.) 

•The  Colloquies  of  Edward 
Osborne 

The   Tower   of  London 

•The   Royal   Sisters 

A  Queen  of  Nine  Days  (juv.) 

I    Crown  Thee   King 

The   Protestant 

Lest  We  Forget 

Cardinal  Pole 

•The   Story  of   Francis  Cludde 
A  Noble  Wife 


Eliza  F.  Pollard 

Mary  E.  Shipley 

Robert  Hugh  Benson 

M.   Imlay  Taylor 

R.  H.  Forster 
E.  Gilliat 

A.  D.  Crake 

Ford  Madox  Hueffer 

Marianne  Filleul 


Louise  Muhlbach 
(trans.) 

Anne  Manning 


Emily  S.  Holt 

Mark  Twain 

S.  Gibney 

W.    Harrison  Ainsworth 

Caroline  C.   Holroyd 
Anne  Manning 

Harrison  Ainsworth 
Frank  Mathew 
Edith  C.  Kenyon 
Max  Pemberton 
Anna  Eliza  Bray 

Joseph   Hocking 

W.  Harrison  Ainsworth 

Stanley  Weyman 
John  Saunders 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


853 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Reigns  of  Mary  and  Elizabeth 

England's      Elizabeth:      Mem- 
ories   of   Matthew    Bedale 

E.  A.  Parry 

The  girlhood  of   Elizabeth 

Tower  or  Throne  (juv.) 

Harriet    T.    Comstock 

End  of  Mary's  reign  and  beginning 
of  Elizabeth's 

*The  Mischief  of  a  Glove 

Mrs.    Philip    Champion 
de   Crespigny 

Old    Liverpool      and    the    siege    of 
Havre  (1562) 

Willoughby   Manor 

George  Norway 

Elizabeth  and  Leicester  (iS7S) 

*Kenilworth 

Sir  Walter  Scott 

Reign  of  Elizabeth 

Sweet  Dol  of  Haddon  Hall 

J.    E.    Muddock 

Time  of  Elizabeth 

Dorothy    Vernon    of    Haddon 
Hall 

Charles  Major 

Religious  intrigues  in  early  part  of 
reign  of  Elizabeth 

The  Black  Familiars 

L.  B.  Walford 

Drake's   early  voyages   to   the   West 
Indies,  action  at  Nombre  de  Dios, 
burning  of   Porto   Bello  and   first 
sight  of  the  Pacific  (i557-i573) 

At  Sea  under  Drake   (juv.) 

C.  H.  Eden 

Drake's  third  voyage  to  Darien,  and 
the    attack    on    Nombre    de    Dios 
(IS72-I573) 

Hurrah  for  the  Spanish  Main! 
(juv.) 

Robert  Leighton 

The    Spanish   Main   and   Eldorado 

The   Splendid   Knight    (juv.) 

H.  A.  Hinkson 

Sir   Francis   Drake    (1572-1586) 

Under    Drake's    Flag    (juv.) 

G.  A.   Henty 

Sir   Francis  Drake   (ca.   1 572-1 588) 

Drake  and  his  Yeomen 

James  Barnes 

Cambridge   and   West    Indies  — 
Drake 

For  God  and  Gold 

Julian   Corbett 

Reign    of    Elizabeth    (1571-1606) 

•The     Knight    of     the     Needle 
Rock  and  his  Days 

Mary  J.   Wilson 

England  and  Holland   (1574) 

Sons   of  Adversity 

L.  Cope  Cornford 

A   Huguenot    in   Jersey   and   at   the 
English  Court 

A   Ladder    of    Swords:    a    tale 
of      Love,      Laughter      and 
Tears 

Gilbert  Parker 

The  Armada  and  the  Spanish  Main 
(1575-1588) 

•Westward    Ho! 

Charles   Kingsley 

The   Devonshire   Tinneries 

Guavas  the  Tinner 

S.   Baring-Gould 

Sir  Philip  Sidney  (1581-1590) 

Penshurst  Castle  (juv.) 

Emma  Marshall 

Time  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney 

A     Gentleman      of      England 
(juv.) 

Eliza  F.  Pollard 

Sir      Philip      Sidney's      sister,      the 
Countes    of    Pembroke,    and    her 
family 

His   Most   Dear   Ladye    (juv.) 

Beatrice  Marshall 

The  Spanish  Main   (1 583-1 585) 

Sir   Mortimer 

Mary   Johnston 

Mary  Queen  of  Scots 

One  Queen  Triumphant 

Frank  Mathew 

Mary   Queen   of   Scot's   captivity   in 
England    (1 568-1 597) 

Unknown   to  History 

Charlotte    M.    Yonge 

854 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

The     Freeing    of    the    Netherlands 
(1585-1604) 

By  England's   Aid    (juv.) 

G.  A.   Henty 

War  with  Spain  and  the  Civil  War 
(i574- 1658) 

Stories   of   the   Wars    (juv.) 

J.  Tillotson 

England    and    Ireland    and    the    Ar- 
mada 

*Sir  Ludar   (juv.) 

Talbot  Baines  Reed 

The   Spanish  Armada    (1588) 

Clare   Avery    (juv.) 

Emily  S.  Holt 

Sir    Richard    Grenville   and    Raleigh 
(1590 

The  Golden  Galleon 

R.    Leighton 

Elizabethan   London 

*Captain    Ravenshaw 

Robert  N.  Stephens 

Shakespeare  —  Warwickshire    and 
London    (1596) 

•Master   Skylark 

John  Bennett 

England  and   Scotland    (1596) 

Court       Cards:       chiefly      the 
Knave  of   Hearts 

Austin   Clare 

Warwickshire    at    the    close    of    the 
Elizabethan  Age 

The   Spanish  Poniard 

T.  A.  Pinkerton 

Shakespeare   (1601) 

A   Gentleman    Player 

Robert  N.  Stephens 

London   and   neighborhood    (1604) 

*The    Fortunes    of    Nigel 

Sir  Walter  Scott 

Witchcraft  at  Lancaster   (161 2) 

*The  Lancashire  Witches 

W.    Harrison   Ainsworth 

Trial  of  Sir  James   Mompesson 
(1621) 

The   Star   Chamber 

W.    Harrison   Ainsworlh 

Peak  of  Derbyshire 

The  Black  Tor  (juv.) 

G.  Manville  Fenn 

Princess       Elizabeth       and       Prince 
Henry    (1602-1613) 

The   Young   Queen   of   Hearts 
(juv.) 

Emma  Marshall 

Time    of  James    I    (1603-1615) 

*In   The   Days   of    King  James 

S.  H.  Burchell 

Arabella   Stuart    (1578-1615) 

Romance  of  the  Lady  Arbell 

Mrs.  F.  T.  Marryat 

Arabella    Stuart    and    William    Sey- 
mour   (1603-1615) 

Arabella   Stuart 

G.  P.   R.   James 

The  Gunpowder   Plot    (1605) 

Guy  Fawkes 

W.   Harrison   Ainsworth 

The    Gunpowder   Plot 

Father   Darcy    (juv.) 

Anne  Marsh 

The   Gunpowder   Plot 

The  Lost  Treasure  of  Trevlyn 
(juv.) 

Evelyn  Everett  Green 

Stratford-on-Avon    (ca.    1612) 

Judith    Shakespeare 

William  Black 

The    Duke    of    Buckingham     (1624- 
1628) 

*The  Duke's   Servants 

S.  H.   Burchell 

George  Herbert  (1613-1633) 

"Under  Salisbury  Spire  (juv.) 

Emma  Marshall 

Earlier  years   of  Charles  I 

Whitehall 

Emma   Robinson 

Draining  of  the   Fens  by   Cornelius 
Vermuyden    (1627) 

The  MS.  in  the  Red  Box 

John    Arthur   Hamilton 

Earlier  years   of   Charles  I 

In  High  Places 

May  E.  Braddon 

Bishop    Hall    of    Exeter    and    Nor- 
wich  (1637-1656) 

Winifrede's    Journal 

Emma  Marshall 

HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


855 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Lord  Strafford   (1639) 

Anthony  Everton    (juv.) 

J.  S.  Fletcher 

Van  Dyck   (1620-1642) 

Old   Blackfriars 

Beatrice  Marshall 

The    Civil    War  —  Naseby    and    the 
Storming  of  Bristol   (1636-1645) 

The  Dogs  of  War  (juv.) 

Edgar   Pickering 

Strafford    (1640-1645) 

The  Love  of  Comrades 

Frank  Mathew 

Earlier  stages  of  the  Civil  War 

With   the  King  at  Oxford 

A.  J.   Church 

England  and  Ireland  in   Charles   I- 
Cromwell     period  —  Earl     of     Or- 
mond   ( 1 633-1 649) 

Dauntless 

Ewan  Martin 

Thomas,    Lord   Fairfax    (1641-1644) 

The    Siege   of    York    (juv.) 

Beatrice  Marshall 

Charles    I,    Cromwell,    and    William 
Armstrong   (1641-1645) 

Over  the  Border 

Robert  Barr 

In  the  service  of  the  Charleses  (ca. 
1641-1660) 

Silk  and  Steel 

H.  A.  Hinkson 

Parliamentarian    Cambridge    (1642) 

The  Lady  of  Loyalty  House 

Justin    Huntly   Mc- 
Carthy 

Early   stages    of    the    Civil    War 
(1642) 

Arrah  Neil 

G.  P.  R.  James 

Two    sieges    of    Hull  —  the    Protec- 
torate and  Charles  II  (1 640-1 678) 

•Andrew       Marvel       and       his 
Friends    (juv.) 

Marie  Hall 

Battle   of   Edgehill    (1642) 

*Hugh   Gwyeth 

Beulah  Marie  Dix 

The    Civil    War  —  the    campaign    in 
Cornwall    (1642-1643) 

*The    Splendid    Spur 

A.  T.  Quiller  Couch 

The  Civil  War   (1 642-1 644) 

Mistress    Spitfire 

J.  S.   Fletcher 

Civil    War:    Cavaliers,    Parliamenta- 
rians,   and    the    battle    of    Lans- 
down    ( 1 596-1 643) 

Sir  Bevill 

Arthur    Christopher 
Thynne 

Cornwall    (1643) 

Captain  Fortune 

H.  B.  Marriott  Watson 

John   Hampden 

•To  Right  the  Wrong 

Edna  Lyall 

Civil  War  to  the  battle  of  Marston 
Moor    ( 1 640-1 644) 

Cromwell's   Own 

A.  Paterson 

Falkland,  Laud,  etc.  (1640-1645) 

•In   Spite  of  All 

Edna  Lyall 

Civil  War   to  the  battle  of  Marston 
Moor   (1640-1645) 

Follow  the  Gleam 

Joseph  Hocking 

Civil    War  —  Period   between    Mars- 
ton    Moor    and    Fall    of    Bristol 
( 1 644-1 645) 

Cornet     Strong     of     Ireton's 
Horse 

Dora  Greenwell   Mc- 
Chesney 

Marston    Moor    and    siege    of    Pon- 
tefract   (1632-1649) 

•When    Charles   the   First    was 
King   (juv.) 

J.  S.  Fletcher 

Civil      War  —  From      Edgehill      to 
Naseby  and  Death  of  Charles  I 

Miriam   Cromwell,   Royalist 

Dora  Greenwell  McChes- 
ney 

Civil     War  —  Raglan      Castle     and 
Newbury  (ca.   1645) 

St.    George   and    St.    Michael 

George  Macdonald 

Civil  War  —  Naseby 

Stanhope  (juv.) 

E.  L.  Haverfield 

856 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Montrose  and  the  cavaliers  in  strife 
with  the  Presbyterians  (1629- 
1645) 

Montrose,  Argyle,  and  the  battle 
of    Inverlochy    (1642-1645) 

Civil  War  in  Wales,  Siege  of  Con- 
way Castle,  battle  of  Naseby 
(1641-1649) 

Newbury,  Naseby,  and  Charles'  cap- 
tivity and  death   (1 644-1 649) 

Cromwell  and  Charles  —  Caris- 
brooke    (1644- 1649) 

Civil  War  —  near  Lymington 
(1647) 

Cromwell  from  the  Naseby  period 
to  his  death    (ca.    1646-1658) 

John  Milton  —  Oxfordshire  and 
London    (1 643-1 646) 

The  Vale  of  Belvoir  (1 642-1 648) 

Manners  and  atmosphere  of  the 
Great  Civil  War 

Nicholas    Ferrar   and   the   Quietists 

Nicholas  Ferrar  and  the  Quietists 
(1622-1685) 

Civil  War,  the  Commonwealth,  and 
the  Restoration    (1637-1650) 


The  war  in  Lancashire;  siege  of 
Manchester;  Earl  of  Derby's  ex- 
ploits   (1642-1651) 

Royalist    and    Parliamentarian 
(1 642-1 653) 

The  atmosphere  of  Puritanism 

The  Great  Civil  War 

Plot  for  placing  Prince  Rupert  on 
the  English  throne 

Royalists  and  Roundheads  (ca. 
1645-1651) 

Dutch    Settlers   in    Bedford    Level 

Assassination  of  Buckingham;  death 
of  Charles   I    (1629-1649) 

Cromwell's  Invasion  of  Ireland 

Bristol   ( 1 636-1 720) 

A  Northumberland  and  Scots  Bor- 
der  story    (1649-1650) 


The  Angel  of  the  Covenant 

*John   Splendid 
•Battlement  and  Tower 

*Holmby   House 
*The  Cavaliers 


The     Children    of    the     New 
Forest    (juv.) 

King     "  By     the     Grace     of 
God  "  (Von  Gottes  Gnaden) 

"The  Maiden  and  Married  Life 
of  Mary   Powell 

A  Cavalier  Stronghold 

•The     Fair     Maid     of     Gray- 
stones 

A    Haunt    of    Ancient    Peace 
(juv.) 

*John  Inglesant 


The  Draytons  and  the  Da- 

nants 
On   Both  Sides  of  the  Sea 

(sequel) 

The  Leaguer  of  Lathom 


Friends,  though  Divided 
(juv.) 

Dagonet  the  Jester 

Cavaliers  and   Roundheads 
(juv.) 

Rupert,  by  the  Grace  of  God 


Henry   Masterton 

The  Settlers  at  Home  (juv.) 
Twenty  Years   After 

In  the  King's  Service  (juv.) 
In   Colston's    Days    (juv.) 
Magnus   Sinclair 


J.  MacLaren  Cobban 

Neil  Munro 
Owen   Rhoscomyl 

G.  J.  Whyte  Melville 
S.  R.  Keightley 

F.  Marryat 

J.   Rodenberg  (trans.) 

Anne  Manning 

Mrs.    Chaworth   Musters 
Beulah    Marie    Dix 

Emma  Marshall 
J.  H.   Shorthouse 

Elizabeth  Charles 

W.   Harrison   Ainsworth 

G.  A.  Henty 

Malcolm  MacMillan 
J.  G.  Edgar 

Dora  Greenwell  Mc- 
Chesney 

G.  P.  R.  James 

Harriet   Martineau 
Alexandre  Dumas 

F.  S.  Brereton 
Emma  Marshall 
Howard  Pease 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


857 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Wanderings  of  Charles  II  after 
Battle  of  Worcester   (1650-1651) 

The  King's  flight  after  Worcester 
(1651) 

Wanderings  of  Charles  II  after 
Battle  of  Worcester    (1651) 

Prince  Charles's  escape  after  Wor- 
cester   (1651) 

Wanderinsrs  of  Charles  II  after  Bat- 
tle of   Worcester 

Blake's  pursuit  of  the  Royalist  fleet 
into  the  West  Indies  after  death 
of  Charles  I   (1651-1652) 

Cromwell  and  Charles  II  before  the 
Restoration   (1652) 

The  Commonwealth    (1653) 

Salisbury  and  Holland    (1655) 

Holland  and   England 

Holland,  England,  and  America 


Cromwell,  Rupert,  and  Elizabeth  of 
Bohemia 

Oliver   Cromwell's   later   years 

Death   of   Oliver    Cromwell    (1658) 

George   Fox,   the  Quaker 

Quakers  at  the  Restoration  (ca. 
1650-1660) 

George   Fox   and   William   Penn 

The  siege  of  Skipton  Castle, 
Charles  I  and  II,  Falkland, 
Prince  Rupert,  Elizabeth  of  Bo- 
hemia and  General  Lambert 
(1642-1660) 

Cavaliers  and  Roundheads 

The  Princess  Elizabeth  —  Caris- 
brooke    (ca.    1649) 

Commonwealth  —  Charles    II 

James  de  la  Cloche,  Charles  IPs 
oldest  natural  son 

Period  of  Charles  II  —  William   III 

Plaeue,  Lady  Castlemaine  (1649- 
1678) 

Time   of   Charles   II  —  Highwayman 

Time  of  Charles  II  —  London  and 
Holland 


After  Worcester 

Wanderer  and  King  (juv.) 

Patricia  at  the  Inn 

Boscobel,  or  the  Royal  Oak 

Ovingdean    Grange 

Prince   Rupert   the   Buccaneer 

Woodstock,  or  The  Cavalier 

John   Gilbert,   Yeoman 

"Captain  Jacobus    (juv.) 

*A  Little  Captive  Lad  (juv.) 

*Penruddock      of      the      White 
Lambs    (juv.) 

The  Red  Men  of  the   Dusk 

The   Lord   Protector 
*The  Lion's  Whelp 
*Friend  Olivia 

The  Shadow  of  a  Crime 


A    Gallant   Quaker 

The    Last    of    the    Cliffords 
(juv.) 


Brambletye  House 

The    White    King's    Daughter 
(juv.) 

God  Save  the  King 

Yesterday's   To-morrow 

A  Reputed   Changeling 
London   Pride 

I   Lived  as   I    Listed 
Silas  Verney 


E.   Everett  Green 

O.  V.  Caine 

J.   C.   Snaith 

W.   Harrison   Ainsworth 

W.    Harrison   Ainsworth 

C.  J.  Cutcliffe  Hyne 

Sir  Walter  Scott 

R.   G.    Soans 
L.  Cope  Corn  ford 
Beulah  Marie  Dix 
S.  H.  Church 

John    Finnemore 

S.  Levett  Yeats 
Amelia  E.  Barr 
Amelia  E.  Barr 
Hall  Caine 

Margaret    H.     Roberton 
Eliza  F.   Pollard 


Horace   Smith 
Emma  Marshall 

Ronald  Macdonald 

Dora  Greenwell   Mc- 
Chesney 

Charlotte   M.    Yonge 

Mary  E.  Braddon 

Arthur  L.  Maitland 
Edgar  Pickering 


858 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

London,   Somerset,  and  Devon 
(1664-1665) 

*His  Grace  0'  the  Gunne 

I.  Hooper 

Plague  and  Fire   (1665-1666) 

Cherry  and   Violet 

Anne  Manning 

Lady  Castlemaine,   the  Plague 
O665) 

Daniel  Herrick 

S.  H.  Burchell 

The  Plague    (1665) 

The    Brave    Men    of    Eyam 
(juv.) 

E.  N.  Hoare 

Italy  and  Plague  at  Eyam   (1665) 

The  Dagger  and  the  Cross 

Joseph  Hatton 

The  Plague   (1665) 

A  Set  of  Rogues 

Frank  Barrett 

The   Plague   (1665) 

The   Puritan's   Wife 

Max   Pemberton 

Plague  and  Fire   (1 665-1 666) 

♦Old   St.    Paul's 

W.   Harrison   Ainsworth 

London    Fire    (1665) 

When  London  Burned  (juv.) 

G.  A.  Henty 

Time    of    Charles    II  —  Court    Life 
(ca.    1662-1665) 

Sir  Ralph  Esher 

Leigh  Hunt 

Milton   and   his  daughters    (1665) 

'Deborah's  Diary 

Anne  Manning 

Great   Fire   and  after    (1666-1683) 

*Whitefriars,   or   The  Court  of 
Charles  II 

Emma  Robinson 

De   Ruyter  and  the  Peace  of  Buda 
(1667) 

The  Dutch  in  the  Medway 

Charles   Macfarlane 

Time  of   Charles  II  —  court  life 

Nell   Gwynn,   Comedian 

Frankfort  Moore 

Charles   II   and  his  sister  Henrietta 
(1669-1670) 

The  Silver  Key 

Nellie  K.   Blissett 

Early    Restoration    Days    in    London 
and   Chelsea  —  Isaac   Newton    (ca. 
1678) 

*My  Lord  Winchenden 

Graham   Hope 

Time    of    Charles    II  —  Derbyshire, 
Isle  of  Man,  and  London    (1678) 

*Peveril  of  the  Peak 

Sir  Walter  Scott 

Time  of  Charles  II  —  Nell  Gwynne 
(1680) 

•Simon  Dale 

Anthony  Hope 

Algernon      Sidney's      home-life      at 
Knowle    Park    (ca.    1682) 

In    the   Golden   Days 

Edna  Lyall 

Rye  House  Plot   (1683) 

Traitor  or  Patriot? 

Mary  C.  Rowsell 

Political     intrigue     in     James     IPs 
reign    (ca.    1680-1690) 

Beaujeu 

H.   C.   Bailey 

Rye  House  Plot   (1683) 

In     the     Service    of     Rachel, 
Lady  Russell   (juv.) 

Emma   Marshall 

Purcell    the    Composer    (1658-1695) 

In  Westminster  Choir   (juv.) 

Emma   Marshall 

Grinling  Gibbons 

The   Carved   Cartoon 

Austin   Clare 

Rising   at  Taunton    (1684) 

•The  Rebel 

H.   B.   Marriott  Watson 

■\Vars   of  Turenne  —  John   Churchill 
.(1671-1702) 

His  Counterpart 

Russell  M.  Gamier 

puke    of    Monmouth    (1 674-1 686) 

The   Baton   Sinister 

George   Gilbert 

HISTORICAL    NOVELS                          859 

ENGLAND  —  continued 

SUBJECT 

TITLE. 

AUTHOR 

Bishop  Ken    (1637-1711) 

•Winchester   Meads    (juv.) 

Kmma  Marshall 

Monmouth's     Rebellion     (ca.     1673- 
1687) 

*Lorna    Doone 

R.   D.   Blackmore 

Monmouth's     Rebellion  —  Barbados 
(1662-1688) 

*For  Faith  and  Freedom 

Sir  Walter  Besant 

Monmouth*     Rebellion    (1678-1685) 

*Urith 

S.    Baring-Gould 

Monmouth's  Rebellion 

The   Blue  Flag 

Max   Hillary 

Monmouth's  Rebellion 

In  Taunton  Town 

Evelyn    Everett    Green 

Monmouth's    Rebellion     (1685) 

*Micah    Clarke 

Sir  A.  Conan  Doyle 

Dorsetshire   in   time   of  Monmouth's 
Rebellion 

Deb  Clavel 

Mary  E.  Palgrave 

Monmouth's  Rebellion 

Duke   of  Monmouth 

Gerald  Griffin 

The     Duke     of     Monmouth,     Lady 
Wentworth  —  Judge    Jeffreys    and 
William  of  Orange 

Fortune's    Castaway 

W.  J.  Eccott 

The  Bloody  Assizes   (1685) 

Barbara   Winslow,    Rebel 

Beth  Ellis 

Battle  of  Sedgemoor    (1685) 

Duke's  Winton;  a  Chronicle 
of   Sedgemoor 

J.   R.   Henslowe 

Monmouth's       Rebellion      and      the 
Tyrol   (1685-1687) 

*The      Courtship      of      Morrice 
Buckler 

Arthur     Edward    Wood- 
ley  Mason 

Monmouth's     Rebellion     and     Judge 
Jeffreys    (1685-1689) 

By  Dulvercombe  Water 

Harold   Vallings 

Hampshire    in    the    days    following 
Monmouth's       Rebellion        (1685- 
1688) 

*The  Lover  Fugitives 

John   Finnemore 

William    of    Orange    and    James    II 
of  England  (1 678-1 688) 

*The  Sword  of  the  King 

Ronald  Macdonald 

Accession    of    William    of    Orange, 
Jacobite      conspiracies,      and      the 
IJoyne   campaign    (1688-1690) 

The   Lifeguardsman 

H.  J.  Schimmel   (trans.) 

Devonshire    from    landing    of    Wil- 
liam   of    Orange    to    the    burning 
of   Teignmouth 

In   Jacobite   Days    (juv.) 

Mrs.   Henry   Clarke 

Judge    Jeffreys,     Marlborough,     and 
accession    of    William    of    Orange 
(1685-1688) 

Mistress  Dorothy  Marvin 

John  Collis  Snaith 

Marriage    of    Mary    to    William 

My  Mistress  the  Queen  (juv.) 

Mary  Anna  Paull 

Jacobite   plots    (ca.    1689) 

Hope   the   Hermit 

Edna  Lyall 

William     III  —  Hardwich,      France, 
and  The  Hague  (1673-1691) 

*The    Blue   Pavilions 

A.  T.  Quiller  Couch 

Seizure    of    the    Bass    Rock    (1691- 
1694) 

My  Lady  of  the  Bass 

S.  H.  Burchell 

Marlborough        and        the        forger 
Young's  plot  against  William  III 
(1692) 

The   King's  Agent 

Arthur  Paterson 

860 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Cromwell's     Granddaughter     (1694- 
1729) 

Mary   Stuart    (1696) 

Conspiracy  of   1696  against  Willianr. 

Conspiracy  of   1696  against  William 
III 

Robert  Ferguson,  the  Plotter 

Sir    John     Fenwick's    Jacobite    plot 
(1688-1713) 

Conspiracy  of   1696  against  William 
III    (1696-1697) 

Jacobite  Plots 


Social  life   (ca.  1690-ca.   1720) 

Social  life  (ca.  1690-ca.  1720) 

English  buccaneers  in  the  West  In- 
dies   (ca.    1 672-1 700) 

English  buccaneers  in  the  West  In- 
dies  (1683) 

Welsh    piracy;    Sir    Henry    Morgan 
the    Buccaneer    (ca.    1 670-1 680) 

Darien   Scheme   (1698) 

William    Paterson    and    the    Darien 
Scheme 

Windsor  —  William     III  —  Anne 

A   Christian   slave  in   Morocco 

Reign   of    Queen   Anne   (1691-1714) 

Court   of   Queen   Anne    (1707-1714) 

London    and    country    life    in    reign 
of  Anne 

Highwaymen  in  time  of  Anne 

Wars    with    French    and    Spaniards 
( 1 702-1 704) 

Battle   of   Ramillies 

Peterborough   in    Spain 

Duke  of  Marlborough    (1 702-1 709) 
Marlborough's  campaigns   (ca.   1704) 


By  the  North   Sea   (juv.) 

Kensington    Palace 
A   Woman's  Courier 

The  Jacobite 

For  Liberty's  Sake 
"Shrewsbury 

The  King's  Highway 


*Snarleyyow,      or      The      Dog 
Fiend 

A   Lady  of  Quality 


His  Grace  of  Osmonde 


Leonard     Lindsay;      or,     The 
Story  of  a  Buccaneer 

The  Hispaniola  Plate 


•The  Jewel  of  Ynys  Galon 

A  Gentleman  Adventurer 

Darien,   or,   The   Merchant 
Prince 

*In   King's   Houses 

The    Fortunes    of    Farthings 

*Henry  Esmond 

St.  James's 

The  Baronet  in  Corduroy 


<  Tom    Tufton's   Travels 
I  Tom    Tufton's   Toll 

•Across  the   Salt   Seas 


Fallen   Fortunes    (juv.) 

The    Bravest     of    the     Brave 
(juv.) 

The   Cornet   of   Horse    (juv.) 

The      Adventures     of      Harry 
Rochester    (juv.) 


Emma   Marshall 

Emma   Marshall 
W.  J.  Yeoman 

Harry  Lindsay 

J.  B.  Marsh 
Stanley  J.  Weyman 

G.  P.  R.  James 

F.  Marryat 


Frances  Hodgson  Bur- 
nett 

Frances  Hodgson  Bur- 
nett 

A.   B.   Reach 


J.  B.  Bloundelle  Bur- 
ton 

Owen  Rhoscomyl 


J.    Bloundelle    Burton 
B.   E.  G.  Warburton 

Julia  C.  R.  Dorr 

A.  J.  Dawson 

William    Makepeace 
Thackeray 

W.    Harrison   Ainsworth 

Albert  Lee 

Evelyn  Everett  Green 
J.    Bloundelle    Burtor 

Evelyn  Everett  Green 
G.   A.  Henty 

G.   A.   Henty 
Herbert  Strang 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


861 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


)uke    of   Marlborough 

?oreign   Wars   under    Marlborough 

Sent  and  Spanish  America  (1709- 
1713) 

sir    Christopher   Wren    (1709-1723) 

Swift  and  "  Vanessa,"  Addison, 
Steele,  Pope,  and  Bolingbroke 
(1712-1723) 

'acobites  and  Marlborough  (ca. 
1712-1722) 

Somersetshire  in  reign  of  Queen 
Anne 

Bolingbroke,  Pope,  Swift,  Fielding, 
Steele,   and  Addison    (ca.    17 15) 

The  Stuarts  in  exile,  St.  Germains 
(1708-1712) 

Jacobite  plots 

Battle   of   Sheriffmuir    (1715) 

Battle   of   Sheriffmuir    (1715) 

Cornish   Jacobites 

Jacobite  rebellion   of   1715 

Jacobite  rebellion   of   1715 

Lord  Derwentwater  and  the  Nor- 
thumbrian rising   (171 5) 

Jacobite  rising   (1715) 

Mar's   Rebellion 

Jacobite  intrigues  just  before  battles 
of  Sheriffmuir  and  Preston 
(1715) 

Jacobite    atmosphere    (1715-1719) 

Traditions   of    Rob    Roy    (ca.    1715) 

Period  of  Jacobite   Rebellion 

Devon   and    Cornwall    (1715) 

Jacobites   in    Northumberland 

The   Swedish    War    (1699-17 19) 

The  English  and  Continental  Jaco- 
bites  (1716-1719) 

Stuarts   in    exile    (17 19) 

The  Old  Pretender  and  Princess 
Gementina    Sobieski    (1720) 


A  Lady's  Honour 

In  the  Irish  Brigade  Guv.) 

The    Queen's    Serf 

Under     the      Dome     of      St 
Paul's    (juv.) 

•Esther   Vanhomrigh 

j  A    Kent   Squire  ) 

l  Gwynett  of  Thornhaugh      J 

No  Soul  Above  Money 

Devereux 

A  Fair  Jacobite   (juv.) 

The  Heritage   of   Langdale 
Balmoral 
To  Arms! 
Duance    Pendray 
Preston    Fight 
Lucy  Arden 
'Dorothy  Forster 

In    the    Fifteen    (juv.) 
A  Loyal  Little  Maid 
•Rob  Roy 

•Parson    Kelly 

Adventures  of  Rob   Roy 

A  Deal  with  the  King 

Hartland   Forest 

Strained   Allegiance 
•Monsieur   Martin 
•For  the  White   Rose 


Madamscourt;    Adventures    of 
a    fugitive    Princess    (juv.) 

'Clementina 


Bass   Blake 
G.  A.  Henty 

Elsa   d'Esterre   Keeling 

Emma  Marshall 
Margaret  L.  Woods 

F.  W.  Hayes 
Walter  Raymond 
Lytton 

H.  May  Poynter 

Mrs.    Alexander 
A.   Allardyce 
Andrew   Balfour 

G.  Norway 

W.   Harrison  Ainsworth 

James    Grant 

Sir  Walter  Besant 

H.  C.  Adams 

Sarah    Tyler 

Sir  Walter   Scott 

A.    E.    W.    Mason    and 
A.  Lang 

James  Grant 

J.   F.    Findlay 

Anna  E.   Bray 

R.  H.  Foster 

Wymond  Carey 

Wymond  Carey 

H.  May  Poynter 

A.  E.  W.  Mason 


862 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


Jane  Stuart,  natural  daughter  of 
James  (II)  Duke  of  York  (1657- 
1745) 

Jacobite  outbreaks  of  17 19  and  the 
South    Sea   Bubble    (1719-1720) 

Somerset  at  the  time  of  the  South 
Sea   Bubble    (1720) 

London  in  time  of  George  I  and  II 


Sarah,  Duchess  of  Marlborough, 
Sir  Robert  Walpole,  Pope,  Car- 
oline of  Anspach,  and  Prince 
George   II    (1720) 

Dissenting  life  in  the  provinces 
(early    18th   century) 

London  in  days  of  Bolingbroke  and 
Walpole    ( 1 709-1 727) 

Social   life    (1732) 

Deptford   (ca.   1 740-1 760) 

Spanish    Main 

Battle  of  Fontenoy   (1745) 

Bath,   middle  of   18th  century 

The  Jacobites  —  Yorkshire  Moors 
(I74S) 

The  Jacobites  of  England  and 
France   (1746) 

London  and  Epsom  (middle  18th 
century) 

Pirates    (ca.    1750) 

Smugglers  in  Kent  (middle  18th 
century) 

The   Gypsies    (ca.    1750) 

The  Young  Pretender's  visit  to 
London    (1 744-1 750) 

Life    (ca.    1750) 

Social  and  political  condition  (ca. 
1750) 

The  sister  of  the  Wesleys  (1723- 
1803) 

Methodist  Revival   (ca.    1750) 

The  Wesleys   in   a  northern   village 

Whitefield  and  the  Wesleys  (1745- 
i7So) 


The    Royal    Quaker 

The    Rose-Spinner 
Jacob   and  John 
French  Nan 
In  Clarissa's  Day    (juv.) 

The  Courtship  of  Sarah  (juv.) 
Mohawks 

*The  House  Divided 

The   World  Went   Very  Well 
Then 

Ned   Leger    (juv.) 

Treasure  Trove 

(  *The  Bath   Comedy         ? 
t     Incomparable    Bellairs  J 

*Ricroft  of  Withens 

Denounced 

•The  Chaplain  of  the  Fleet 

•Treasure   Island    (juv.) 
•The  Smuggler 

Smalilou 

High   Treason:   a   Romance  of 
The  Days  of  George  II 

The  Lady  of  Lynn 

Bernicia 

Hetty   Wesley 

The  Infidel 

The  Coming  of  the  Preachers 

Diary  of  Mrs.  Kitty  Trevelyan 


Mrs.  Bertram  Tanqueray 

Mary   Deane 
Walter   Raymond 


Agnes  and  Egerton 
Castle 

Sarah  Tytler 


Sarah  Tytler 

Mary   E.    Braddon 

H.  B.  Marriott  Watson 
Sir    Walter    Besant 

G.  Manville  Fenn 
S.  Lover 

Agnes    and    Egerton 
Castle 

Halliwell    Sutcliffe 

J.  Bloundelle  Burton 

Sir   Walter    Besant  and 
J.   Rice 

Robert  Louis   Stevenson 

G.  P.  R.  James 

James  Henry  Yoxall 
Anonymous 

Sir  Walter   Besant 
Amelia    E.    Barr 

A.  T.  Quiller  Couch 

Mary   E.    Braddon 
John    Ackworth 
Elizabeth    Charles 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


863 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


Cornish    people    in    Wesley's    times 
(ca.  1750) 

Wesley  in   Cornwall    (ca.   1758) 

Smugglers     in     Dorsetshire     (1757- 
1758) 

Methodism    (1758) 

The     Scots     Greys     in     the     Seven 
Years'   War   (1758-1759) 

Eugene  Aram  (ca.  1759) 

George    III    and    Hannah    Lightfoot 
(1760) 

Newgate   (ca.  1760) 

Society    (ca.    1 746-181 1) 


Exmoor  gypsies    (1763) 

Last  days  of  Chatham    (1767) 

Life   at   Olney  —  Cowper   and    John 
Newton   (ca.   1 767-1 787) 

R.  B.  Sheridan  and  Johnson   (1771- 
1773) 

Goldsmith,     Garrick,    Johnson,     and 
Burke  (1774) 

Life  in  the  Isle  of  Man   (ca.   1775) 

Liverpool    (1776) 

The    Attempt     to     fire     Portsmouth 
Dockyard    (1776-1777) 

Old   Rye   and   its   smugglers    (1763- 
1779) 

Washington,  Johnson,   Fielding,   and 
Richardson    (1756-1783) 

Siege  of  Gibraltar   (1 779-1 783) 

The  Siege  of  Gibraltar 

Gordon  Riots  (1780) 

Art    —    Reynolds      and      Angelica 
Kauffman    (ca.    1 780-1 781) 

Society    (18th   century) 

Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  and  Miss  Bur- 
ney    (1780) 

Slavery   emancipation    (1791) 

English  Jacobin  clubs   (1793) 

Smuggling    and    life    on    the    coast 
near   Flamborough    (177 7- 180 5) 


The     Strange     Adventures    of 
Israel    Pendray 

The   Birthright 

*Moonfleet 

The   Eveshams 
Second  to  None 

Eugene  Aram 

A  Fountain  Sealed 

*The    Orange   Girl 
•Memoirs  of  Barry  Lyndon 

*Katerfelto 

*The  Castle  Inn 

On    the    Banks    of    the    Ouse 
(juv.) 

A  Nest  of  Linnets 

*The  Jessamy  Bride 

The  Deemster 

Cap'n  Nat's  Treasure 

The  King's  Yard:  a  Story  of 
Old  Portsmouth 

Denis  Duval 

The  Virginians 

The  Rock  of  the  Lion  (juv.) 
Held  Fast  for  England   (juv.) 

•Barnaby  Rudge 

*Miss  Angel 

The  Fatal  Gift 
L'Eleve   de   Garrick 

*  God's   Providence   House 
St.  Katherine's   by  the  Tower 
Mary  Anerley 


S.    K.    Hocking 

Joseph   Hocking 
J.   Meade   Falkner 

James  Blythe  Patton 
James    Grant 

Lord    Lytton 

Sir  Walter  Besant 

Sir  Walter  Besant 

William  Makepeace 
Thackeray 

G.   J.   Whyte  Melville 

Stanley   J.    Weyman 

Emma   Marshall 

F.    Frankfort   Moore 

F.  Frankfort   Moore 

Hall    Caine 
Robert    Leighton 
Walter  Jeffery 

William    Makepeace 
Thackeray 

William    Makepeace 
Thackeray 

M.   E.   Seawell 

G.  A.   Henty 
Charles    Dickens 
Miss  Thackeray 

F.    Frankfort   Moore 
Augustin    Filon 

Isabella    Varley    Banks 
Sir  Walter  Besant 
R.   D.   Blackmore 


864 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


North  Devon  (1793) 

Capture   of   Guadeloupe   (1794) 

Reign     of     Terror     at     Paris,    and 
Revolution  of  Naples  (1 793-1798) 

Society    life    in    George    Ill's    days 
(1796) 

Mutiny  at  the  Nore  (1797) 

Sussex  Smugglers  and  French  Con- 
spirators 

Gretna     Green     and     Botany     Bay 
(1799) 

Hannah  More 

William   Crotch  and  Old   Crome 

Iceland  and  the  Isle  of  Man  in  the 
Napoleonic  period   (1800) 

Life  (1800) 

Life    (1800) 

Lychgate  Hall 

Yorkshire   moors    (ca.    1800) 

Battles  of  St.  Vincent  and  Aboukir 

Cape  St.  Vincent  and  Nelson  in  the 
Mediterranean 

Nelson    and    Napoleon  —  the    battle 
of  the  Nile 

Battle  of  the  Nile 

Wars   with    France    (1 798-1 801) 

Lead    miners    near    Cheddar    (early 
19th  century) 

Wreckers    and    Smugglers    in    Corn- 
wall 

Social  Life  (early  19th  century) 

Nelson     and    the    Baltic     campaign 
(1803-1805) 

Nelson's    campaigns    (1803-1805) 

Nelson,    Napoleon,    and   the    French 
attempt  to  invade  England 

Hannah  More  and  William  Wilber- 
force    (early    19th    century) 

George    III    and    family    at    Wey- 
mouth 

The  riots  caused  by  introduction  of 
steam   machinery    (1 780-1834) 


* Ropes   of   Sand 

Oliver   Ellis;   or  The   Fusiliers 
(juv.) 

The      Extraordinary      Confes- 
sions of  Diana  Please 

The    Orangery:    a   Comedy   of 
Tears 

The  King's  Own 

A    Business   in    Great   Waters 
(juv.) 

The     Inimitable     Mrs.     Mas- 
singham 

Bristol   Diamonds    (juv.) 

Castle  Meadow    (juv.) 

The  Bondman 

*Adam  Bede 

*  Silas  Marner;   the  Weaver  of 
Raveloe 

Lychgate  Hall 

The  Luck  of  Barerakes 

Chris     Cunningham    (juv.) 

The  Commander  of  the  Hiron- 
delle   (juv.) 

The  Two  Captains 

In   Press-Gang  Days    (juv.) 
At  Aboukir  and  Acre 
*Two   Men   o'  Mendip 

When  George  III    was  King 

Rodney   Stone 
*A  Friend  of  Nelson 

Diana's  Crescent 
*Springhaven 

Under  Cheddar  Cliffs,  a  Hun- 
dred   Years   Ago    (juv.) 

The  Trumpet-Major 
•John    Halifax,    Gentleman 


R.  E.  Francillon 
James   Grant 

Bernard    Capes 

Mabel    Dearmer 

Marryat 
Julian    Corbett 

Herbert   Compton 

Emma  Marshall 
Emma  Marshall 
Hall    Caine 

George  Eliot 
George    Eliot 

M.  E.  Francis 
Caroline   Marriage 
Gordon    Stables 
W.    H.    Fitchett 

Cyrus   Townsend 
Brady 

E.  Pickering 
G.  A.  Henty 
Walter   Raymond 

Amyot   Sagon 

Sir  A.   Conan  Doyle 
Horace    G.    Hutchinson 

Anne  Manning 
R.  D.   Blackmore 

Edith    Seeley 

Thomas  Hardy 

Dinah    Mulock    Craik 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


865 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Spanish  War  of  Independence 

•Trafalgar 

B.  Perez  Galdos 
(trans.) 

Trafalgar 

Afloat   with   Nelson    (juv.) 

C.  H.  Eden 

Nelson    and    British    naval    victories 
(1797-1805) 

By    Conduct    and    Courage 
(juv.) 

G.  A.  Henty 

Life  of  Nelson 

The  Admiral 

Douglas    Sladen 

Battle  of  Trafalgar   (1805) 

'Twas  in  Trafalgar's   Bay 

Besant   and   Rice 

Battle  of  Maida    (1806) 

The    Adventures    of   an    Aide- 
de-Camp 

James   Grant 

Impressment      during     the      French 
wars 

'Sylvia's  Lovers 

Mrs.   Gaskell 

Peninsular      War       and      Waterloo 
(1795-1815) 

The   Follies  of   Captain   Daly 

F.   Norreys   Connell 

Exmoor,    the    Peninsular    War    and 
Corunna    (1 808-1809) 

The   Drummer's    Coat    (juv.) 

John   W.    Fortescue 

Battle    of    Corunna    and     siege    of 
Saragossa    (1808-1809) 

Boys    of    the     Light    Brigade 
(juv.) 

Herbert   Strang 

Peninsular  War 

'Charles  O'Malley 

Charles  Lever 

Peninsular       War      and       Napoleon 
(1783-1812) 

Tom   Burke  of  "  Ours  " 

Charles  Lever 

Peninsular  War  and  Waterloo  cam- 
paign   (1808-1815) 

*The   Romance  of  War 

James    Grant 

Peninsular  War 

f  With    Moore    at    Corunna "") 
J        (juv.)                                    1 
J   Under   Wellington  s   Com-    | 
l»      mand    (juv.)                         J 

G.  A.  Henty 

Peninsular   War  —  Sir   John   Moore 
(1808-1809) 

*Sons   of   the   Sword 

Margaret   L.   Woods 

Peninsular  War 

The    Young    Buglers    (juv.) 

G.  A.  Henty 

Peninsular     War,     from      Siege     of 
Burgos   to    Vittoria    (1812-1813) 

The  Story  of  a  Scout   (juv.) 

John  Finnemore 

Peninsular  War  —  Vittoria  and  Bad- 
ajos 

The  Bivouac 

W.   H.   Maxwell 

Siege  of   Ciudad    Rodrigo 

The      Adventures      of     Harry 
Revel 

A.   T.    Quiller   Couch 

The    war    prison    at     Prince    Town 
(1814) 

The  American  Prisoner 

Eden    Phillpotts 

Caroline     of     Brunswick     and     the 
Prince   Regent    (1810) 

The     Palace     of      Spies:      an 
Episode 

Herbert    Compton 

Smuggling    (181 1) 

The    Longshoremen 

George    Bartram 

Luddite  agitation    (1811-1813) 

*Bond  Slaves 

Mrs.   G.   L.   Banks 

The    Orders     in     Council;     Luddite 
agitation   (ca.   1807-18 12) 

Shirley 

Charlotte    Bronte 

Luddite  riots 

•Forest  Folk 

James   Prior 

Luddite  riots 

Through  the   Fray    (juv.) 

G.   A.  Henty 

866 


THE   HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Napoleonic    Wars    (1811-1814) 

Privateering   in    181 2 

French   invasion 

Napoleonic    Wars    (1804-1815) 

French  prisoner  in    England    (1813- 
1814) 

Wars    in    India    and    the   Peninsula 
(1795-1815) 

Napoleon   at    Elba    (1814-1815) 

Waterloo 

Napoleonic  Wars  (181 5) 

Smugglers    and    preventives    in    the 
Essex  fens    (1815) 

Waterloo    (18 15) 

The  Hundred  Days 

French  and  English  on  Sussex  coast 
(1815) 

The  Fen   Riots   (1815) 

The  Regency  of  George  IV   (181 1- 
1820) 

George    IV,    Mrs.    Fitzherbert,    and 
Beau  Brummell 

Time   of   George  II  —  Dartmoor 

Last  Years  of  the  Regency 

Queen  Caroline  —  last  few  years  of 
her  life   (1818-1821) 

The  Peterloo  Massacre  and  the  Cato 
Street   Conspiracy    (1819) 

Admiral  Cochrane,  Earl  of  Dundon- 
ald   (1818-1825) 

Smugglers   in   Kent,    and   pirates   in 
the  West  Indies   (ca.    1825) 

Brunei's  Folly   (ca.   1820) 


Peterloo      riots 


Manchester   (1820) 

Manchester       and 
( 1 799-1831) 


Queen   Caroline,   Princess  Charlotte, 
and   Brougham    (1796-1821) 

Plot  to  rescue  Napoleon    (1821) 

Recollections    of    Althea    Allingham 
(1785-1842) 


Alice  Lorraine 
An   Ocean   Free   Lance 
The  French   Prisoner 
One  of  the  28th    (juv.) 
*St.  Ives 

A  Royal   Rascal 

Grantley  Fenton 

The  Great  Shadow 

From    Powder-Monkey    to 
Admiral   (juv.) 

Brown:    a    story    of    Waterloo 
Year    (juv.) 

*  Stories  of  Waterloo 

The  Light  of   Scarthey 

*The   Bonnet   Conspirators 

Cheap  Jack  Zita 
Twisted   Eglantine 

*Yeoman   Fleetwood 

Royal   Georgie 
Mis'ess  Joy 
*A  Lady  of  the  Regency 

Starvecrow   Farm 


With   Cochrane  the   Dauntless 
(juv.) 

Romance 


Kitty  Alone;  a  story  of  Three 
Fires 

Mervyn   Clitheroe 

"The  Manchester  Man 

*The  Queen   can  do   No 
Wrong 

Taken  from  the  Enemy 

In    Four   Reigns    (juv.) 


R.  D.   Blackmore 
Clark    Russell 
Thomas  A.   Pinkerton 
G.   A.  Henty 
Robert   Louis   Stevenson 

Arthur    Griffiths 

M.   M.    Blake 

Sir  A.   Conan  Doyle 

W.   H.   G.   Kingston 

Dorothea    Moore 

W.   H.   Maxwell 
Egerton  Castle 
Violet  A.   Simpson 

S.   Baring-Gould 

H.   B.   Marriott  Watson 

M.    E.    Francis    (Mrs. 
Blundell) 

S.    Baring-Gould 

John  Le  Breton 

Mrs.   Stepney  Rawson 

Stanley   J.    Weyman 

G.  A.  Henty 


Joseph        Conrad       and 
Ford    Madox    Hueffer 

S.    Baring-Gould 


W.   Harrison  Ainsnrorth 
Isabella    Varley    Banks 

Herbert  Compton 

Henry  Newbolt 
Emma  Marshall 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


867 


ENGLAND  —  continued 


Eastern  Devon  just  before  the  Re- 
form Bill  of  1832 

Rural  life  in  Suffolk  before  the  re- 
peal of  the  Corn  Laws 

Yorkshire  woolcombers  and  the  cot- 
ton industry  in  the  days  before 
machinery   (1830) 

Somerset  rustics  in  the  days  before 
railways 

Bristol   Riots   (1831) 

Reform    Bill   agitation     (1831-1832) 

The  aftermath  of  the  Reform  Bill 
(1832) 

Yorkshire   (1837) 

London  life  (1833-1834) 


Farmer  class  in  Devon  and  Corn- 
wall (ca.   1840) 

Seafaring  life  (ca.  1840) 

The  miners  of  the  Land's  End 
peninsula   (ca.   1840) 

The  struggle  for  life  in  the  west 
country  before  the  repeal  of  the 
Corn  Laws  (ca.   1850) 

Portsmouth  and  the  Crimea  (1854- 
1855) 

Crimean  War   (1854-1855) 

Sebastopol  and  Balaclava  (1854- 
1855) 

Crimean  War   (1854-1855) 

Crimean    War    (1854-1855) 


Crimean  War    (1854-185  5) 

Crimean   War    (1854-1855) 

Crimean   War    (1854-1855) 

Crimean   War    (1854-1855) 

The    Lancashire    cotton    famine    of 
1863 

The  politics   of    Palmerston's  period 

British  in  China 


Perlycross 

The   Lord   of  the  Harvest 

Mistress    Barbara    Cunliffe 

'Good  Souls  of  Cider  Land 

Under  the  Mendips 
I,    Thou   and   the    Other    One 
(Felix  Holt,  the  Radical 

The  Plunder  Pit 

Clement      Lorimer;      or      The 
Book  with  the  Iron  Clasps 

*Red   Spider 

*The  Nigger  of  the  Narcissus 
Esther  Pentreath 

Driven 

By  Celia's  Arbour 

•Sevastopol 
A   Gallant   Grenadier    (juv.) 

In  the  Trenches   (juv.) 
The  Interpreter 

{Lady    Wedderburn's    Wish  "^ 
Laura  Everingham 
The    Lord    Hermitage  ( 

One  of  the  Six  Hundred 
Under  the  Red  Dragon  J 

The  Thin   Red  Line 

Jack   Archer    (juv.) 

True  unto  Death  (juv.) 

Probation 

The  Mantle  of  Elijah 

With    the   Allies    to    Pekin 
(juv.) 


R.   D.   Blackmore 
M.    Betham   Edwards 
Halliwell    Sutcliffe 

Walter    Raymond 

Emma  Marshall 
Amelia  E.  Barr 
George   Eliot 

Keighley    Snowden 
Angus    Bethune    Reach 

S.    Baring-Gould 

Joseph  Conrad 
J.  H.  Pearce 

Margaret    Watson 

Sir    Walter    Besant 

Tolstoy    (trans.) 

F.  S.    Brereton 

John    Finnemore 

G.  J.    Whyte    Melville 

James   Grant 

A.   Griffiths 
G.    A.    Henty 
Eliza   F.    Pollard 
Jessie    Fothergill 

Israel  Zangwill 
G.  A.   Henty 


868 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


WALES 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Legendary 

The  Misfortunes  of  Elphin 

T.   L.   Peacock 

Time  of  Henry  I 

Pabo  the   Priest 

S.    Baring-Gould 

Border   feud    (1187) 

♦The    Betrothed 

Sir  Walter   Scott 

The  Welsh  marches,  the  Cymry,  the 
last     of    the     Druids,     battles    of 
Lewes  and   Evesham    (1262-1265) 

The  Forest  Prince 

Bryan   W.   Ward 

Time  of  Edward  II   (ca.   1325) 

•The  Whistling  Maid 

Ernest   Rhys 

Rebellion  against  Henry  IV  —  Glen- 
dower,     Hotspur,     and     Mortimer 

Cambria's    Chieftain     (juv.) 

Evelyn    Everett    Green 

(1400-1415) 

Owen  Glendower 

Hearts  of  Wales 

Allen  Raine 

Tudor  Epoch 

The  Shrouded   Face   (juv.) 

Owen   Rhoscomyl 

Civil    War    and    Battle    of    Naseby 
(1641-1649) 

•Battlement  and  Tower 

Owen   Rhoscomyl 

The  Civil  War 

The      Wonderful      Story      of 
Agnes  and  the  White  Dove: 
a  Tradition   of  Wales 

Z.   Mather 

Piracy  and  Sir  Henry  Morgan   (ca. 
1 670-1 680) 

The  Jewel  of  Ynys  Galon 

Owen    Rhoscomyl 

Jacobite  Rebellion    (1745) 

*For  the  White  Rose  of  Arno 
(juv.) 

Owen   Rhoscomyl 

Smugglers,  pirates  and  detectives  of 
Lundy  and  the  Severn   (1745) 

The  Man   at  Odds 

Ernest   Rhys 

Reform  Bill    (ca.   1832) 

Trewern 

R.   M.   Thomas 

Pembrokeshire      and     the     Rebecca 
riots    ( 1 843-1 844) 

In  Dewisland 

S.    Baring-Gould 

The   Rebecca   Riots    (1833- 1834) 

*The   Sheep   Stealers 

Violet  Jacob 

The  Singing  Revival   (1 904-1 905) 

A  Prophet  of  Wales 

Max    Baring 

IRELAND 


Heroic  legends 

The     Sons     o'     Cormac;     an' 
Tales  of  other   Men's   Sons 
(juv.) 

Aldis  Dunbar 

Heroic  Age 

The  Coming  of  Cuculain 

Standish    O'Grady 

Ireland  and  Northern  Europe  in  sec- 
ond  half   of  the  8th  century 

The  Invasion 

Gerald    Griffin 

Anglo-Irish   History    (1 534-1 537) 

The  Weird  of  Silken  Thomas 

R.  Manifold  Craig 

Time  of  the  Armada 

Sir  Ludar   (juv.) 

Talbot    Baines    Reed 

The   struggle   between    English   and 
Irish 

Grace    O'Malley 

Robert    Machray 

Elizabethan  Ireland 

The    Spanish    Wine 

Frank  Mathew 

Desmond's  rebellion  and  the  sack  of 
Youghal    ( 1 574-1 580) 

Ralph   Wynward    (juv.) 

H.    Erlington 

HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


869 


IRELAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Irish    Rebellion    (1579) 

*Maelcho 

Emily    Lawless 

Connaught  (1588) 

A   Queen   of  Men 

William  O'Brien 

Social  and  political  conditions  under 
Elizabeth   (1588-1591) 

Red   Hugh's   Captivity 

Standish    O'Grady 

The    rebellion    in    Tyrone    (1599) 

*With   Essex  in  Ireland 

Emily    Lawless 

Philip  Ill's  Armada,  battle  of  Kin- 
sale   and  the   clan   feuds    (1602) 

Ulrick  the  Ready 

Standish    O'Grady 

1637-1641 

•Kathleen    Clare 

Dora   G.    McChesney 

The  Civil  War  (ca.  1641) 

Silk  and  Steel 

H.  A.   Hinkson 

The   Civil   War    (1640-1645) 

The  Love  of  Comrades 

Frank    Mathew 

An  Irish  episode  of  the  Great  Civil 
War   (1641) 

Dauntless 

Ewan    Martin 

Drogheda    Massacre    and    battle    of 
Clonmel  (1649) 

*Castle    Omeragh 

Frank    Frankfort   Moore 

Cromwellian   wars 

John  Marmaduke 

S.    H.    Church 

Cromwellian   wars 

In    the   King's   Service    (juv.) 

F.    S.    Brereton 

Cromwellian   wars 

*Ethne 

Mrs.   E.  M.  Field 

Tht   Cromwellian   settlement    (1654) 

•Nessa 

L.    MacManus 

Protestants  and   Catholics  in   Ulster 
and  siege  of  Londonderry   (1689) 

*A  Man's  Foes 

Euphans  H.    Strain 

Siege  of  Londonderry  (1689) 

*The  Crimson  Sign 

S.    R.    Keightley 

Siege  of  Londonderry  (1689) 

True  to  the  Watchword 

Edgar    Pickering 

The    Boyne    and    Limerick     (1689- 
1691) 

Orange  and   Green    (juv.) 

G.   A.    Henty 

Battle  of  the  Boyne  (1690) 

•The   Boyne  Water 

John    Banim 

Battle  of  the  Boyne   (1690) 

The   MacMahon 

Owen   Blayney 

Siege  of  Limerick   (1690) 

The  Wager 

L.    MacManus 

Battle  of  Aughrim   (1691) 

Redmond,    Count    O'Hanlon, 
the   Irish   Rapparee 

William    Carleton 

Siege  of  Londenderry   (1691-1700) 

In  the  Wake  of  King  James 

Standish    O'Grady 

The     broken-down     gentry     of     the 
early  18th  century 

•Castle  Rackrent 

Maria    Edgeworth 

Persecution    of    the    priests    (1745- 
1752) 

Willie  Reilly  and  his  Dear 
Colleen  Bawn 

William   Carleton 

Dublin  Society  (ca.   1750) 

A  Left-handed  Swordsman 

George    Newcomen 

Gentry  of  the  18th  century 

The  Point  of  Honour 

H.    A.    Hinkson 

Goldsmith,    Burke,    Garrick,    and 
Johnson 

In  the   Days  of  Goldsmith 

M.  McD.   Bodkin 

The  '98  Rebellion 

Two  Chiefs  of  Dunboy 

James    Anthony    Froude 

Dublin  in  time  of  Grattan 

The   King's   Deputy 

H.    A.    Hinkson 

870 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


IRELAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Protestant  landowners  and  dispos- 
sessed Catholics  in  the  north  of 
Ireland   (1761-1779) 

Political   conditions    (1 780-1 797) 

The  Rebellion  of  '98 

Curran 

The  French  attempt  on  Ireland 
(1793-1809) 

Irish  soldiers  in  the  Napoleonic 
Wars  (1783-1812) 

Lord   Edward   Fitzgerald   (1798) 

Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald 

Rebellion  of  '98 

Rebellion  of  '98 

Wolfe  Tone  and  the  Rebellion  of 
'98 

Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald  and  the 
Rebellion  of  '98 

Rebellion  of  '98 

Rebellion  of  '98 

The  O'Hara  Family 

Rebellion  of  '98 

United   Irishmen    (1798) 
French   Expedition 

Rebellion  of  '98  in  Wexford 

Ireland   at   the    Union    (1 800-1 801) 

Robert   Emmet    (1 797-1 808) 

Peninsular  War 

Legislative    Union    (1808-1824) 

Politics  in  Connell's  time 

A  legendary  daughter  of  Napoleon 
(1832) 

The  Famine  and  Smith  O'Brien  agi- 
tation   (1846-1847) 

The  Irish  Famine 

'48  and  '49 

Catholic  society  in  Dublin  (ca.  1850) 

Fenians 


*John   Maxwell's  Marriage 

*The  Lost  Land 
•The   O'Donoghue 
*Jack  Hinton 
Maurice  Tiernay 

Tom  Burke  of  "  Ours  " 

A  King's  Woman   (juv.) 
•Kilgorman   (juv.) 
Lord   Edward   Fitzgerald 

*Rory   O'More 
Kathleen  Mavourneen 

•The  Rebels 

•Up   for  the  Green 

•Corrageen 

•The    Croppy 

•Croppies    Lie    Down:    a    Tale 
of   1798 

The   Pikemen    (juv.) 

The    Round    Tower 

The  Wood  of  the  Brambles 
My  Lords  of   Strogue 
•The  Island  of  Sorrow 
Charles  O'Malley 
The  Knight  of  Gwynne 
A  Lad  of  the  O'Friels' 
Vive  l'Empereur 

•Castle   Daly 

Castle  Richmond 
The  D'Altons  of  Crag 
Hagan,   M.   P. 
A  Fair   Saxon 


Stephen    Gwynn 

Julia   M.    Crottie 
Charles  Lever 
Charles  Lever 
Charles  Lever 

Charles  Lever 

H.    A.    Hinkson 

Talbot    Baines    Reed 

Matthias     McDonnell 
Bodkin 

Samuel   Lover 

Randal    McDonnell 

Matthias    McDonnell 
Bodkin 

H.  A.  Hinkson 

Mrs.    Orpen 

John   and   Michael 
Banim 

William    Buckley 

S.   R.   Keightley 

Florence   Scott  and 
Alma  Hodge 

Frank   Mathew 

Lewis   Wingfield 

George    Gilbert 

Charles   Lever 

Charles   Lever 

Seumas   MacManus 

Mary  R.   S.   Andrews 

Annie   Maria    Keary 

T.  Anthony  Trollope 
Dean   O'Brien 
Mrs.    Hartley 
Justin   McCarthy 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


871 


IRELAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Secular  rivalry- 

Christie   Carew 

Justin    McCarthy 

Fenians    and    Nationalist    agitation 

When  We  Were  Boys 

William    O'Brien 

The  Land  League 

Norah     Moriarty    or,  _  Revela- 
tions  of   Modern  Irish   Life 

Amos   Reade 

SCOTLAND 


Picts   and   Romans    (4th  century) 


Michael  Scott,  or  Scot  the  famous 
scholar  and  magician  (ca.  1175- 
1234) 

Norse   Invasion    (1263) 


Norse  Invasion    (1 262-1 263) 

Wallace  and  Bruce   (1290-1315) 

Wallace  and  Bruce  and  the  war  of 
Scottish  independence  (1296- 
I3H) 

War   of   Independence    (1298-1314) 

Scotch  Wars  —  Ayrshire  and  Lan- 
arkshire   ( 1 306-1 307) 

War  of  Independence  —  Bannock- 
burn   (13 14) 

Aberdeen  and  Braemar  district  (end 
of   14th  century) 

Speyside  region  and  Morayshire 
(1388-1390) 

Perthshire,  in  the  reign  of  Robert 
III   (1402) 

James  I  of  Scotland  and  England 
(ca.    1407-1422) 

Times  of  James  I   (15th  century) 

William,  6th  Earl  of  Douglas  —  Gal- 
loway, Stirling,  Edinburgh,  and 
Brittany  (1439-1440) 

The  Hebrides  (Barra)  and  Stirling; 
times  of  James  I  and  II  (1448) 

The  Debatable  Land 


House  of  Douglas   (1444-1455) 

Close    of    the    reign    of    James    III 
(1488) 

James  V 

Flodden   Field    (1503-1513) 


A  Duke  of  Britain 
Sir  Michael  Scot 

Sir    Valdemar    the    Ganger 
(juv.) 

•The  Thirsty  Sword 

In    Freedom's   Cause    (juv.) 

The  Scottish  Chiefs 

•The  Days   of  Bruce 
Castle    Dangerous 

*The  Chevalier  of  the  Splendid 
Crest 

Kate  Cameron  of  Brux 

The  Wolfe  of  Badenoch 

•The  Fair  Maid  of  Perth 

•The  Caged  Lion    (juv.) 

Catharine  Douglas 
•Black  Douglas 

St.   Clair  of  the  Isles    (juv.) 

The  Mawkin  of  the  Flow 

The    Captain    of    the   Guard 
•The  Yellow   Frigate 

A  Prince  of  Good  Fellows 
For  Stark  Love  and  Kindness 


Sir    Herbert    Eustace 
Maxwell 

Allan   Cunningham 


Josephine    Fothering- 
hame 

Robert    Leighton 

G.    A.    Henty 

Jane  Porter 

Grace  Aguilar 
Sir  Walter   Scott 

Sir   Herbert   Maxwell 

J.    E.   Muddock 

Sir   Thomas   Dick 
Lauder 

Sir  Walter  Scott 

Charlotte   M.   Yonge 

Rachel    Willard 
S.   R.  Crockett 

Elizabeth    Helme 

Lord     Ernest    William 
Hamilton 

James  Grant 

James  Grant 

Robert   Barr 
Allan   Macdonald 


872 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


SCOTLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Flodden   Field    (1513) 

Flodden   Field    (1513) 

James  V's  disasters   (1537) 

Dundee    (1544) 

Battle  of  Pinkie   (1547) 

Melrose  and   District    (1550) 

Mary   Queen    of   Scots    (1 567-1 568) 

John    Knox    (1547-1560) 

Mary  Queen  of  Scots   (1558-1565) 

Mary  Queen  of  Scots   (1 561-1567) 

Mary  Queen  of  Scots 

The  _  attempt  of  Earl  Gilbert  to 
seize  the  properties  of  Crossrag- 
nel  Abbey   (1 564-1 571) 

Career  of   Bothwell    (1566-1577) 


Mary    Queen    of    Scots  —  Holyrood 
and  Arabella  Stuart 

Captivity     of     Mary     in      England 
(1568-1597) 

Mary     Queen     of     Scots  —  Moray, 
Darnley,  and  Mary  Hamilton 

The    Babington    Plot    and    execution 
of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots   (1586) 

Captivity  of  Mary   Queen   of   Scots 

Fife,    Devon,    and    West    Indies  — 
Drake  (ca.  1585) 

Border  fighting  in  Elizabethan  times 


Liddesdale      and       Border      district 
(1587) 


The  western  Highlands 


Lisbon,  the  Azores,  and  the  Shet- 
land Isles 

The  Gowrie  Conspiracy  (1 599-1600) 

Galloway  just  after  the  Reformation 
(1601-1611) 

Montrose  and  the  Covenant  (1629- 
1645) 

Solemn  League  and  Covenant, 
Coronation  of  Charles  II  at 
Scone  and  other  events  of  the 
Civil   War    (1 632-1 651) 


The   Braes   of   Yarrow 

In  The   King's   Favor 

Jane    Seton 

No  Cross,  no  Crown   (juv.) 

Mary  of  Loriaine 
*The    Monastery 
*The  Abbot 

Magdalen  Hepburn 

Basile   the   Jester    (juv.) 
"The   Queen's   Quair 
•Queen    Mary's    Holdfast 

The   Dule  Tree   of   Cassillis 

Bothwell;     or     the     Days     of 
Queen  Mary 

The  Queen's  Maries 

•Unknown  to  History    (juv.) 

Mary    Hamilton 

One  Queen  Triumphant 

The  Master   of   Gray 

By  Stroke  of   Sword    (juv.) 

•Rosslyn's     Raid;     and     other 
Tales 

The  Outlaws  of  the  Marches 

•The    Lost    Pibroch,    and    other 
Shieling  Stories 

The  Treasure  of  Don  Andres 

Gowrie 
•The  Grey  Man 

•The  Angel  of  the  Covenant 

Harry   Ogilvie;   or   The   Black 
Dragoons 


Charles    Gibbon 
J.   E.   Muddock 
James    Grant 
Deborah   Alcock 
James  Grant 
Sir  Walter   Scott 
Sir  Walter   Scott 
Margaret    O.    Oliphant 
J.    E.    Muddock 
Maurice   Hewlett 
Sir  John   Skelton 
William  Robertson 

James    Grant 

G.  J.   Whyte  Melville 

Charlotte   M.   Yonge 

Lord   Ernest  Hamilton 

Frank  Mathew 

H.   C.   Bailey 
Andrew   Balfour 

Beatrice    Helen 
Barmby 

Lord   Ernest   Hamilton 

Neil    Munro 

J.    Haldane    Burgess 

G.  P.  R.  James 
S.   R.   Crockett 

J.    Maclaren   Cobban 

James   Grant 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


873 


SCOTLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Montrose  and  the  Covenant 

*John    Splendid 

Neil   Munro 

Montrose's  campaigns    from   Tipper- 
muir   to   Phihphaugh    (1644-1645) 

The   Red  Reaper 

John  A.   Stewart 

Montrose  and  the  Covenant    (1645- 
1646) 

*The   Legend  of  Montrose 

Sir  Walter   Scott 

Montrose  and  the  Covenant 

Journal    of   the    Lady   Beatrix 
Graham 

Mrs.     Fowler    Smith 

Traditionary  tales 

The    New    Border   Tales 

Sir      George      Brisbane 
Scott    Douglas 

Kirk     and     Covenant  —  Cameronian 
rebellion   of    1679    (1 638-1 680) 

Adam   Hepburn's   Vow    (juv.) 

Annie   S.    Swan 

The  famous  Warlock   (1 660-1 670) 

Major  Weir 

K.    L.    Montgomery 

Montrose  and  the  Covenant 

The   Cherry  Ribband 

S.    R.    Crockett 

Bothwell   Bridge   (1679) 

*01d   Mortality 

Sir   Walter   Scott 

Bothwell   Bridge 

*Bible  and  Sword 

P.    Hay    Hunter 

Bothwell  Bridge  (1679) 

*The  Men  of  the  Moss  Hags 

S.    R.    Crockett 

The  Covenanters    (ca.    1678-1683 

John    Burnet   of   Barns 

John    Buchan 

Persecutions     of     the      Covenanters 
(1680) 

For     Crown    and    Covenant 
(juv.) 

Cyril    Grey 

Witchcraft  (late   17th  century) 

The    Witch-Wife 

Sarah   Tytler 

Persecutions  of  the  Covenanters  (ca. 
1685-1690) 

The  Standard  Beai 

S.   R.   Crockett 

Battle  of  Killiecrankie  (1688) 

*Lochinvar 

S.   R.   Crockett 

The       Covenanters,       Grahame       of 
Claverhouse,  and  Battle  of  Killie- 
crankie 

Ronald   Lindsay    (juv.) 

May    Wynne 

Battle    of    Killiecrankie    (ca.    1688- 
1689) 

*Ringan   Gilhaize 

John    Gait 

Battle  of  Killiecrankie    (1689) 

*The    Scottish    Cavalier 

James    Grant 

East  Lothian    (1695) 

The    Bride    of    Lammermoor 

Sir    Walter    Scott 

Shetland   and    Orkney    (ca.    1700) 

The  Pirate 

Sir    Walter    Scott 

Border    country,    Jacobite    intrigues 
(1706) 

The  Black  Dwarf 

Sir    Walter    Scott 

Jacobite  intrigues   (1715) 

*Rob  Roy 

Sir    Walter    Scott 

Rob  Roy  (ca.   171 5) 

The  Adventures  of  Rob  Roy 

James    Grant 

Jacobites  in   London   and  Highlands 
(171s) 

Balmoral 

A.    Allardyce 

The  Jacobites,   Edinburgh,   and  Bat- 
tle of  Sheriffmuir    (1715) 

To  Arms! 

A.  Balfour 

Jacobite  rebellion   (171 5) 

Lucy  Arden 

James    Grant 

Mar's  Rebellion 

A   Loyal   Little   Maid    (juv.) 

Sarah    Tytler 

874 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


SCOTLAND  —  continued 


Politics  (1715-174S) 

Solway  Moss  and  the  Border  (ca. 
1720-1730) 

Gentlefolk  in  Fife  (ca.   1 710-1740) 

Porteous  Riots  (1736) 

Fontenoy  and  Culloden  (1 728-1 746) 

Time  of  the  '45  Rebellion   (174s) 

The  Jacobites  —  Highlands  and 
Edinburgh 

The  Jacobites  —  Stirling,  Edin- 
burgh,   London,   and   Preston-pans 

Jacobite  Intrigues  in  London  (1745) 

Welsh  connection  with  the  Derby 
March   (1745) 

The  Jacobites  —  Highland  plots  and 
campaign    (1745-1746) 

The  march  to  Derby  and  the  battle 
of  Culloden 

Culloden  (1745) 

Jacobite  rebellion  in  Yorkshire 
(i74S) 

Flora  Macdonald   (1746) 

The  Jacobites  —  The  year  after  the 
'45 

The  Jacobites  —  Culloden  (1745- 
1746) 

The  Jacobite  rebellion  and  the  Ap- 
pin  murder   (1 746-1 750 

The  Jacobites  —  Mission  from 
Abroad  to  Charles  Edward  after 
Culloden  (1 744-1 746) 

The  abduction  of  Lady  Grange, 
kinswoman  of  the  Earl  of  Mar, 
and  the  search  for  her  among  the 
Hebrides   (1 745-1 746) 

The  Jacobites  in  the  years  after  the 
'45  ( 1 745-1 764) 

A  Jacobite  refugee  at  Capetown 
(1746-1748) 

Jacobites  and  the  Young  Pretender 
(i7S5)      ., 

Jacobite  exiles  in  Par' 
Jacobite  plots  (1763) 


By  Allan  Water 

(  *The   Raiders  ) 

(  *The    Dark   o'    the   Moon  ) 

A   Daughter  of   Strife 

•The     Heart    of    Midlothian 

Bonnie    Prince   Charlie    (juv.) 

Thyra   Varrick    (juv.) 

A  Lost  Lady  of  Old  Years 

•Waverley 


Sir    Hector;    the    Story    of    a 
Scots    Gentleman 

For  the  White  Rose  of   Arno 


'Poor  Sons  of  a  Day 


The    Fortunes    of    Claude 
(juv.) 

The  Stone  of  Dunalter 

J  Ricroft   of  Withens  ? 
{  Willowdene  Will       J 

The    Macdonald    Lass 

Sir   Sergeant 


A   Hero   of   the   Highlands 
(juv.) 

David   Balfour    ) 
Kidnapped  > 

Catriona  ) 

Spanish  John 


The  Lady   of  Hirta 

*The  Master  of   Ballantrae 

*An   Exiled   Scot 

The  Shoes  of  Fortune 

Favours  from  France 
•Redgauntlet 


Catherine    Steuart 
S.   R.  Crockett 

Jane  H.    Findlater 
Sir    Walter    Scott 
G.  A.   Henty 
Amelia  E.  Barr 
John    Buchan 

Sir  Walter  Scott 

Robert   Machray 

Owen    Rhoscomyl 

Allan  McAulay 

Edgar    Pickering 

William    Robertson 
Halliwell   Sutcliffe 

Sarah   Tytler 
W.  L.   Watson 

Evelyn  Everett  Green 

Robert    Louis    Steven- 
son 

William    McLennan 
W.   C.   Mackenzie 

Robert    Louis     Steven- 
son 

H.   A.    Bryden 

Neil    Munro 

Sarah    Tytler 
Sir  Walter    Scott 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


875 


SCOTLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Edinburgh,  Robert  Burns,  and  Wil- 
liam Pitt  (1768-ca.  1795) 

Nancy  Stair 

Elinor    Macartney    Lane 

Fifeshire,     Isle     of     Wight,     India; 
Hyder   Ali,   Tippoo    Sahib    (1780) 

The    Surgeon's    Daughter 

Sir  Walter   Scott 

Fifeshire  (late  18th  century) 

The    Green     Graves    of    Bal- 
gowrie 

Jane  H.   Findlater 

Life    and    manners    (close    of    18th 
century) 

*The  Antiquary 

Sir   Walter    Scott 

Robert   Burns    (1781-1796) 

*The   Rhymer 

Allan    McAulay 

Manners   and  society  in   Edinburgh 
(late  1 8th  century) 

Lady  Jean's  Son 

Sarah    Tytler 

Perthshire    (ca.    1800) 

Black   Mary 

Allan    McAulay 

Life  in  the  Hebrides  (ca.  1800) 

Children    of  Tempest 

Neil    Munro 

Life  and  manners  on  the  east  coast 
(1801-1802) 

*The  Interloper 

Violet  Jacob 

Lord  Braxfield  (1813-1814) 

*Weir   of  Hermiston 

Robert   Louis    Stevenson 

Adventure      in      Scotland     and      in 
France  during  the  Hundred  Days 
(1815) 

Vengeance  is   Mine 

Andrew    Balfour 

Highland     village     life     just     after 
Waterloo  (1815-1816) 

Gilian  the   Dreamer 

Neil    Munro 

The     Irvingite     Church,     and     the 
passing   of   the   Reform   Bill    (ca. 
1830-1833) 

Because  of  the  Angels 

Matilda    Hope 

The.  Disruption  of  the  Kirk   (1843) 

Chronicles    of    Glenbuckie 

Henry    Johnston 

The  Disruption  of  the  Kirk   (1843) 

Inchbracken 

Robert  Cleland 

The  Disruption  of  the  Kirk   (1843) 

The   Banner   of   Blue 

S.   R.   Crockett 

The  Disruption  of  the  Kirk   (1843) 

The    Heritage    of    the    Free; 
or,  More  than  Conquerors 

David   Lyall 

Struggle  of  the  ministers   after  the 
great  Disruption  (1843  et  seq.) 

A   Daughter  of  the  Manse 

Sarah   Tytler 

THE  NETHERLANDS 


Bruges  and  the  Battle  of  Courtrai 
( 1 298-1 302) 

Ghent  in  the  days  of  Philip  von 
Artevelde,  and  his  defeat  and 
death  at  the  battle  of  Roosebeke 
(1380-1382) 

Revolt  of  the  citizens  of  Ghent  — 
Philip  von  Artevelde 

Rebellion  in  Flanders  against  Philip 
the  Good  of  Burgundy  (ca.  1450- 
1460) 

The  Revolt  of  Ghent    (1456-1477) 


"The   Lion    of   Flanders 
A    Turbulent    Town     (juv.) 

The   White  Hoods    (juv.) 
Old   Margaret 

Mary   of    Burgundy 


H.    Conscience     (trans.) 
E.    N.   Hoare 

Mrs.    Bray 
Henry   Kingsley 

G.  P.  R.  James 


876 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


THE  NETHERLANDS  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Eve  of  the  Reformation   (ca.   1470) 

Flemish   Life    (late    16th  century) 

Abdication  of  Charles  V;  growth  of 
the    Reformation    (1528-1580) 

Flemish  revolt  against  Philip  II 

Days  of  Philip  II 


Spanish  reign  of  terror  in  the  low 
countries    0559-1573) 

The  persecution  of  the  Lutherans 
(156S) 

Flemish  rebellion  against  Spain 
(1576) 

The  Revolt  and  the  Inquisition 
( 1 568-1 570) 

Antwerp  and  the  Spanish  occupa- 
tion 

The  Revolt  and  Inquisition 

Confederacy  of  the  Gueux  (1568- 
1572) 

The  struggle  with  Spain;  the 
Gueux;  the  terrible  siege  of  Haar- 
lem  (1572-1573) 

Alva  and  the  revolt  of  the  Gueux 
(1567-1575) 

The  Revolt  and  Inquisition  (1567- 
1575) 

Prince  of  Orange  and  Alva 

The  Siege  of  Leyden    (1754) 

The  Siege  of  Leyden    (1754) 

Margaret  of  Parma,  Alva,  and  the 
Prmce  of  Orange    (1574  et  seq.) 

Siege  of  Haarlem,  Leyden,  and 
Antwerp  (1 572-1 585) 

Later  years  of  the  Prince  of  Or- 
ange  ( 1 576-1 584) 

Siege  of  Antwerp    (1585) 

Overthrow  of  Spain  —  Surprise  of 
Breda  (1585-1604) 

The  capture  of  Breda  (1590) 

William  of  Orange  and  the  broth- 
ers De  Witt  (1672-1675) 

Spinoza  the  Philosopher  (1632- 
1677) 


♦The   Cloister   and   the    Hearth 

Quentin   Matsys 

The    Page    of    the    Duke    of 
Savoy 

*Lysbeth 

The     Merchant     of     Haarlem 
(juv.) 

Jan   van    Elselo 

A  Woman  and  a  Creed 

The   Year   of   Miracles    (juv.) 

The  Master  Beggars 

Monsieur   le   Capitaine   Douay 

The   Scarlet  Judges 
The    Beggars 

♦Beggars   of  the   Sea    (juv.) 

Ludovic  and  Gertrude 

True  to  the  Prince 

My   Lady  of   Orange 
Wind  and  Wave 
The    Burgomaster's   Wife 
♦In  Troubled  Times 

By  Pike  and  Dyke   (juv.) 

For    Faith    and    Fatherland 
(juv.) 

Shut  In 

By  England's  Aid  (juv.) 

Walter's   Escape 
•The    Black  Tulip 

*Spinoza 


Charles    Reade 
Caroline   Pichler 
Dumas 

H.   Rider  Haggard 
W.   H.    G.    Kingston 

Gilbert  and  Marion 
Coleridge 

H.   Garton    Sargent 

Hendrik    Conscience 

L.   Cope  Cornford 

Seth    Cook    Comstock 

Eliza   F.    Pollard 
Jacob    B.    de   Liefde 

Tom    Bevan 

Hendrik    Conscience 

Gertrude  Bell 

H.   C.   Bailey 

H.    E.    Burch 

Georg    Ebers    (trans.) 

A.   S.   C.   Wallis 
(trans. ) 

G.   A.   Henty 

M.    Bramston 

E.    Everett  Green 
G.  A.  Henty 

Jacob    B.    de   Liefde 
Dumas    (trans.) 


Berthold    Auerbach 
(trans.) 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


877 


THE   NETHERLANDS  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Spinoza 

*The  Maker  of  Lenses 

Israel  Zangwill 

Siege    of    Liege    and    Marlborough 
(1702) 

The   Sword   of   Gideon 

J.    Bloundelle    Burton 

Invasion  of  Belgium  by  the  French 
(ca.   1793) 

Veva;     or    the    War    of    the 
Peasants 

Hendrik  Conscience 

The  French  Revolution  (1794) 

The    Fisherman's    Daughter 
(juv.) 

Hendrik    Conscience 

Life  and  manner  (ca.   1800) 

Kitwyk 

Mrs.    John   Lane 

SWITZERLAND 


Prehistoric 

Realmah 

Sir    Arthur   Helps 

Charles  the  Bold   and  the   Switzers, 
Margaret  of  Anjou   (1474) 

*Anne   of   Geierstein 

Sir   Walter   Scott 

Reformation   Time 

*True   Heart 

Frederick   Breton 

The  Reformation  in  Savoy 

The  Mountain    Patriots 

Mrs.    Alexander    S.    Orr 

Reformation 

The   City  and   the    Castle 

Annie    Lucas 

Geneva  in  Calvin's  time 

Under   Calvin's   Spell 

D.   Alcock 

Defence     of     Geneva     against 
Savoyards    (1602) 

the 

*The  Long  Night 

Stanley  J.   Weyman 

Thirty     Years     War  —  the     Grisons 
district 

*Jurg    Jenatsch 

C.    F.    Meyer 

Franco- Austrian  war  (late  18th 
tury) 

cen- 

The  Rose  of  Disentis 

J.   H.   D.   Zschokke 

RUSSIA 


Zaporogian  Cossacks   (16th  century) 

•Taras  Bulba 

Nikolai     Vasilievitch 
Gogol 

Ivan  IV 

A  Boyar  of  the  Terrible 

Fred    Whishaw 

Ivan  IV 

•The    Terrible    Czar 

Count  A.    K.   Tolstoy 
(trans.) 

Ivan  IV 

The  Tiger   of  Muscovy 

Fred  Whishaw 

The  false  Dmitri  (1603-1605) 

A  Splendid  Imposter 

Fred  Whishaw 

The  false   Demetrius    (1602-1603) 

•Dmitri 

F.   W.    Bain 

Peter  the  Great 

*On   the    Red   Staircase 

M.    Imlay   Taylor 

Peter  the  Great 

The   Lion   Cub 

Fred    Whishaw 

The    Princess    Sophia,    the    wars    of 
the    Naryshkins    and    the    strelitz 
( 1 698-1 704) 

The  Rebellion  of  the  Princess 

M.    Imlay   Taylor 

Life  in   early   18th  century 

Peter  and   Alexis 

Dmitri    Merejkowski 

Mazeppa    and    the    Cossacks;    Battle 
of  Pultowa   ( 1 687-1 709) 

Mazeppa 

Fred    Whishaw 

878 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


RUSSIA  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Peter  the  Great 

*An   Imperial   Lover 

M.   Imlay  Taylor 

Peter  the  Great  and  Alexis    (1718) 

She  That   Hesitates 

Harris    Dickson 

Peter  the  Great  and  Alexis  (1718) 

*Near   the   Tsar,    near   Death 

Fred   Whishaw 

Peter  the  Great 

*The    Triumph    of    Count 
Ostermann 

Graham  Hope 

Middle   18th  century 

Ivan  de  Biron 

Sir  Arthur  Helps 

Court  of  Catherine  the  Great 

Many  Ways  of  Love 

Fred    Whishaw 

Court  of  Catherine  the  Great 

A   Forbidden  Name 

Fred    Whishaw 

Court  of  Catherine  the  Great 

The    Turkish    Automaton 

Sheila    £.    Braine 

Napoleon's      Russian       campaign  — 
chiefly  Dantzic 

•Barlasch   of   the    Guards 

H.    Seton   Merriman 

The   French   invasion    (1812) 

Moscow 

Fred  Whishaw 

Austerlitz,    Borodino,    and    Moscow 
(1805-1820) 

•War  and  Peace 

Tolstoy    (trans.) 

French  invasion   (1812) 

The   Shalonski   Family 

Eugenia   Tur 

Napoleon's    Retreat     from    Moscow 
(1812) 

Kenneth 

Charlotte    M.    Yonge 

Napoleon's  Retreat 

Through  Russian  Snows  (juv.) 

G.  A.  Henty 

Nihilist     conspiracy     under      Alex- 
ander I  of  Russia 

*The   Green  Book 

Maurus   Jokai    (trans.) 

Conspiracy  of  Redemski 

Piincess   Jarakanova:    a    Dark 
Chapter    of    Russian    History 

G.   P.   Danilevski 

Persecution  of  the  Jews   (ca.   i8ss) 

By  Order  of  the  Czar 

Joseph    Hatton 

Nihilists 

On  Peter's  Island 

A.  R.  and  M.  E.   Ropes 

Nihilist  movement    (1873-1875) 

In   Two   Moods 

V.   Korolenko 

Russo-Turkish    campaign    (1877) 

*Stories 

V.  M.  Garshin 

Siberian  fugitives 

Sons  of   Freedom    (juv.) 

Fred   Whishaw 

Late  19th  century 

A  Tsar's  Gratitude 

Fred   Whishaw 

Contemporary  history 

The    White    Terror    and    the 
Red 

A.    Cahan 

POLAND 


The    Teutonic    Knights    (14th    cen- 
tury) 

•Knights  of  the 

Cross 

H.   Sienkiewicz 
(trans.) 

France  and   Poland    (1570-1626) 

The  Lord  of  Lowedale 

(juv.) 

R.   D.  Chetwode 

Revolt  of  the  Ukraine  Cossacks 

•With    Fire   and 

Sword 

H.    Sienkiewicz 
(trans.) 

Invasion  of  the  Swedes  (1654-1655) 

•The    Deluge 

H.    Sienkiewicz 
(trans.) 

War  with  the  Tartars 

•Pan   Michael 

H.   Sienkiewicz 
(trans.) 

HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


879 


POLAND  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


In   the   Carpathians,   John    Sobieski, 
and  the  Turks 


the      Strong 
The  fugitive  Stuarts   (1719) 


Court     of     Augustus 
(1706-1727) 


Princess  Clementina  Sobieski  and 
the  old  Pretender  to  English 
throne  (1720) 

Wars  with  Catharine  II  of  Russia 
(i775) 

Madame  Walewska's  self-abandon- 
ment to  Napoleon  for  her  coun- 
try's sake  (1806-1812) 

Count  Thaddeus  Sobieski  (ca.  1830) 

Insurrection  of  1831 

Insurrection  of   i860 


Russian      Nihilists      and      insurgent 
Poles 


The   Wizard   King    (juv.) 

The  Countess  Cosel 

Madamscourt:    Adventures    of 
a   Fugitive    Princess    (juv-) 

•Clementina 

The  Captain's  Daughter 
Napoleon's   Love   Story 

Thaddeus  of  Warsaw 
The  Maid  of  Warsaw 
*The  Jew 

»The  Vultures 


David  Ker 

Joseph   Ignatius 
Kraszewski 

H.    May   Poynter 
A.   E.  W.  Mason 

A.    S.    Pushkin 
Waclaw    Gasiorowski 

Jane    Porter 

Ernest   Jones 

Joseph    Ignatius 
Kraszewski 

H.    Seton    Merriman 


TURKEY 


First       Crusade    —    Constantinople 
(1098) 

Fall  .of  Constantinople    (1443-1456) 

Fall  of   Constantinople    (i4S3) 

Fall  of   Constantinople   (1453) 

Fall  of   Constantinople   (14S3) 
Siege  of  Rhodes  (1480) 

Siege  of  Rhodes  (1480) 

Louis     XIV  —  the     Turkish     Wars 
(1663-1664) 

Life    in    Constantinople    (17th    cen- 
tury) 

Stambul   (1730) 

The  struggle   for   religion   and   free- 
dom in  the  Balkan  peninsula 

Ali  Pasha  of  Janina  (1819-1822) 

Bulgarian  revolt   (1875-1876) 

The   Russo-Turkish  War    (1877) 


Count   Robert   of   Paris 

*Captain    of   the    Janizaries 

"Theodora    Phranza 

The     Fall    of    Constantinople 
(juv.) 

The   Prince  of  India 

The    Constable    of    St.    Nicho- 
las   (juv.) 

A    Knight    of    the    White 
Cross    (juv.) 

The   Golden    Fleece 

Romances  of  the  Old  Seraglio 

Halil   the    Pedlar 
The  Black  Pilgrim 

*The  Lion  of  Janina 
♦Under  the  Yoke 
The    War    Correspondent 


Sir    Walter    Scott 

James     Meeker     Ludlow 
J.    M.   Neal 
A.   Wall 

Lew   Wallace 

E.   Lester  Arnold 

G.  A.  Henty 

Amedee  Achard 

H.   N.   Crellin 

Maurus    Jokal     (trans.) 
Michael    Czajkowski 

Maurus   Jokai    (trans.) 

Ivan    Vazoff 

V.    Vereshchagin 


880 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


TURKEY  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Russo-Turkish    War     (1877-1878) 
Greco-Turkish  campaign  (1897) 


In   the  Track   of  the  Troops 
Active   Service 


R.   M.   Ballantyne 
Stephen   Crane 


SCANDINAVIA 


The   Viking  Age    (3rd~4th   century) 
The  days  of  trolls  and  giants 


Times  of  Alfred  the  Great  of  Eng- 
land 

An  old  Norse  tale 

The   Vikings    (early    10th   century) 

The   Vikings    (last    quarter   of    10th 
century) 

Career  of  Olaf  Tryggvason 

Olaf    Trygvasson    (ca.    995-1000) 

Pre-Columban    Discovery    of    Amer- 
ica   (ca.  986-1006) 

Life  in   the   10th  century 

Introduction     of     Christianity     into 
Norway  (ca.  1000-1030) 

Harold       Haardraada;       Battle       of 
Stamford    Bridge    (1030-1066) 

Denmark   (1204) 

The  Black  Death    (ca.    1340) 

Reign     of     Gustavus    Vasa     (1523- 
1560) 

Goran  Perrson   (ca.  1560) 


Life  of  Gustat  Ericson  Vasa  (1568- 
1606) 

Dawn  of  the  Gustavian  period 

Charles    X   and    Charles   XI    (1654- 
1697) 

Charles  XII   (1697-1700) 

Charles  XII  (ca.  1697-1719) 

Charles     XII;     Battle     of     Pultowa 
(1697-1718) 

The     Great     Swedish    War     (1699- 
1718) 


Ivar  the   Viking 

The    Saga    of    Jarl    the    Neat- 
herd   (juv.) 

Kormak    the    Viking    (juv.) 


A  Man's  Fear 
*Erling   the   Bold 
The  Vikings  of  the  Baltic 

Olaf   the    Glorious    (juv.) 

*The  Thrall  of  Leif  the  Lucky 

The    Norsemen    in    the    West 
(juv.) 

Grettir    the    Outlaw     (juv.) 

*The   Fall   of   Asgard 

Harold    the    Norseman    (juv.) 

Waldemar 


"Singoalla: 
Legend 

Karine 


a   Mediaeval 


*  Royal   Favour 

Not    for   Crown   or    Sceptre 
(juv.) 

The  Times  of  Alchemy 

Times   of   Battle  and    Rest 

A  Jacobite  Exile   (juv.) 
•Times  of  Charles  XII 
"A  King  and  His  Campaigners 

•Monsieur   Martin 


Paul   Du   Chaillu 
H.    Escott  Inman 

J.   F.  Hodgetts 

H.  Drummond 

R.    M.    Ballantyne 

Sir  G.   W.  Dasent 

Robert    Leighton 
Ottilie   A.    Liljencrantz 
R.    M.   Ballantyne 

S.   Baring-Gould 
Julian    Corbett 

Fred   Whishaw 


B.  S.  Ingemann 
(trans.) 

Viktor    Rydberg 


Wilhelm   Jensen 
(trans.) 

A.   S.   C.  Wallis 
(trans.) 

D.   Alcock 


Zachris    Topelius 
Zachris   Topelius 

G.   A.    Henty 

Zachris   Topelius 

Verner  von  Heidenstam 
(trans.) 

Wymond    Carey 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


881 


SCANDINAVIA  —  continued 


Life  in  the   18th  century 

The  period  succeeding:  the  reign  of 
Charles  XII    (1741   et  seq.) 

Progress  of  Industrialism  (18th  cen- 
tury) 

Caroline  Matilda  and  Marie  An- 
toinette (1772-1792) 

Events  that  led  to  the  assassination 
of  Gustavus  III  of  Sweden  (1789- 
1792) 

The  Isle  of  Man  in  the  days  of  the 
Napoleonic    Wars 

Struggle  of  the  peasants  against  re- 
action 


The   Snow   Man 

The  Times   of  Frederick   I 

The    Barque    Future;    Life    in 
the  Far  North 

Two  Queens 
"The   King   with   Two    Faces 

The   Bondman 


(Emanuel;     or,     Children     of 

]  the  Soil 

f  The  Promised  Land   (sequel) 


George    Sand    (trans.) 
Zachris    Topelius 

J.   L.   I.   Lie 

J.  G.  L.  Heselriel 

M.    E.    Coleridge 

Hall  Caine 

Henrik  Pontoppidan 


AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 


Hungary  —  the  Tartar  Invasion 
(13th  century) 

The  Hussites  wars  in  Bohemia 
(early  15  th  century) 

Bohemia,  Prague,  Burgstein,  and 
England    (1422-1432) 

Of  Old  Styria   (1493) 

Jews  in  Prague 

Elizabeth  of  Bohemia  and  offer  of 
Crown  to  Charles 

Hungary  (middle  17th  century) 

The  Carpathian  District  —  John 
Sobieski  and  the  Turks 

Transylvania  and  the  struggle  with 
the  Turks    (1666) 

The  Turks  in  Hungary  (1674-1690) 

The  Tyrol  (1685-1688) 

Late  17th  century  life 

Maria  Theresa,  Haydn,  Metastasio, 
and  Frederick  the  Great  (1740- 
1786) 

Moravia  (1 771-1773) 


Vienna    in    the    last    decade    of    the 
1 8th  century 

The  Alpine  forests   (ca.    1800; 


"Neath   the   Hoof  of   the   Tar- 
tar; or,  The  Scourge  of  God 

"The   Gleaming  Dawn 


The    Cardinal's   Page 

The  God  Seeker 

Gabriel 

The   Last  of  the   Cliffords 

Pretty  Michal 
The  Wizard  King 

•'Midst  the  Wild  Carpathians 

•The    Slaves    of    the    Padishah 

The      Courtship      of      Morrice 
Buckler 

Told  by  the   Death's  Head:   a 
Romantic  Tale 


f  *Consuelo 

j  *The   Countess   of   Rudol 

'      stadt    (sequel) 

•The   Pride   of  Jennico 


■i 


The    Hungarian    Brothers 
The    Forest    Schoolmaster 


Baron    Nicolas  Josika 
(trans.) 

James   Baker 

James  Baker 

Peter    K.    Rosegger 

S.  Kohn 

Eliza    F.    Pollard 

Maurus    Jokai    (trans.) 
David  Ker 

Maurus   Jokai    (trans.) 

Maurus    Jokai    (trans.) 

Arthur     Edward    Wood- 
ley  Mason 

Maurus   J6kai    (trans.) 

George   Sand    (trans.) 

Agnes    and    Egerton 
Castle 

Anna   Maria  Porter 
Peter    Rosegger 


882 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


AUSTRIA-HUNGARY  —  continued 


SDBTECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Hungary      in      Napoleonic      period 
(1804-1809) 

*The  Nameless   Castle 

Maurus   Jokai 
(trans.) 

Hungarian     life     (early     19th     cen- 
tury) 

The  Day  of  Wrath 

Maurus  Jokai 
(trans.) 

Bavaria    in    Napoleon's    time,    and 
Hofer's   insunection   in   Tyrol 

At  Odds 

Baroness    Tautpheus 

The  Tyrolese  struggle  under  Hofer 
(1809) 

(  "With   the   Red   Eagle      £ 
I  *A  Red  Bridal    (sequel)  ) 

William  Westall 

The  insurrection  in  the  Tyrol  (1809- 
1810) 

Andreas    Hofer 

Louise    Muhlbach    (Mrs 
C.   M.   Mundt) 

Life  in  Hungary   (ca.   1822) 

*An    Hungarian    Nabob 

Maurus    Jokai 
(trans.) 

Carpathian  district  (1835) 

For   the   Right 

Karl    Emil   Franzos 
(trans.) 

Hungarian  Revolution  (1848) 

The   Baron's    Sons 

Maurus  Jokai 
(trans.) 

Transylvania    (1848-1859) 

*Manasseh 

Maurus   Jokai    (trans.) 

Political     movements     in     Hungary 
(19th  century) 

*Eyes  Like  the  Sea 

Maurus   Jokai    (trans.) 

Hungarian   Revolution    (1848) 

Debts  of  Honour 

Maurus   Jokai    (trans.) 

The  Revolution  in  Vienna  (1848) 

The   Storm   Bird 

Axel    Lundegard 

Hungarian    Revolution    (1848-1859) 

*The  New  Landlord 

Maurus   Jokai    (trans.) 

The    Crimean    War    period     (1854- 
1855) 

The    Interpreter 

G.   J.  Whyte   Melville 

GERMANY 


From  the  great  migration  to  the 
time  of  Charlemagne 

Heidelberg  under  the  Romans  (4th 
century) 

The   German    migrations    (476   a.d.) 

Charlemagne  (ca.  800) 

The  Huns   (10th  century) 

Black  Forest  —  Frederick  (I)  Bar- 
barossa  (12th  century) 

Cologne  and  Robber  Barons  of 
the  Rhine   (12th  century) 

Robber  Knights  (beginning  of  13th 
century) 

The  Vehmgericht  of  Westphalia 

Thuringia  and  the  suppression  of 
the  robber  knights  by  Rudolf  I 
(13th   century) 


*Our  Forefathers  (Die  Ahnen) 

Jetta 

*Felicitas 
•Passe  Rose 
*Ekkehard 

Hohenzollern   (juv.) 

Farina 

The   Castle   of   Ehrenstein 


The  Strong  Arm 

The   Saint  of   Dragon's   Dale: 
a  Fantastic  Tale 


Gustav    Freytag 
(trans.) 

George    Taylor    (trans.) 


Felix  Dahn 

A.  S.  Hardy 

Johann    Victor  von 
Scheffel    (trans.) 

Cyrus  T.  Brady 
George  Meredith 
G.   P.   R.  James 

Robert    Barr 

William    Stearns    Davis 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


883 


GERMANY  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Nurcmburg   (early  15th  century) 

Bohemia   (middle  of  15th  century) 

The   father   of   Erasmus    (ca.    1470) 

Robber    barons    (1472-1531) 

Charles  the  Bold,  the  Switzers,  and 
Margaret  of   Anjou 

The  Renaissance  period 

Berlin   (late   15th  century) 

Reformation    times    in     Switzerland 
(1514-1525) 

Nuremberg,    prior    to    the    Reforma- 
tion   (i5«7) 

Wurtemburg    (1519) 

Luther  and  His  Family 

The    Peasants'    War 

Manners   in    Pomerania    (early    10th 
century) 

Duke    Maurice    of    Saxony,    Charles 
V,  and  Luther   (i539-i5S3) 

Charles  V   and   the   Protestants 
(1546-1576) 

Erastus;    Lutherans,    Calvinists,    and 
Catholics 

Frederick   V,    Elector   Palatine 
(1619-1622) 

Thirty      Years*      War;      Tilly      and 
Richelieu    (1619-1648) 

Thirty     Years'     War  —  Scotch     sol- 
dier of   fortune    (1626-1629) 

Pomerania     in     times     of     Gustavus 
Adolphus   (late  17th  century) 

Gustavus  Adolphus 

The    Finns    and    the    Croats    in    the 
Thirty  Years'  War 

Wallenstein   and  the  siege  of 
Stralsund   (1628) 

Scotsmen     in     Army     of     Gustavus 
Adolphus 

Thuringia  in  the  Thirty  Years'  War 
(1632) 

Gustavus     Adolphus      in      Germany 
(1632-1648) 


Margery,   a  Tale  of  Old 
Nuremberg 

•The   Cardinal's   Page 

*The    Cloister   and   the    Hearth 

'The  Dove  in  the  Eagle's  Nest 

Anne   of    Geierstein;    or,    The 
Maiden   of   the  Mist 

Joan  of  the  Sword  Hand 

The    Burgomaster    of    Berlin 

•True   Heart 
In  the  Blue  Pike 

Marie   of  Lichtenstein 

•Chronicles    of    the    Schonberg 
Cotta    Family 

In  the   Olden   Time 

Sklonia   the    Sorceress 

The   Duke's   Page;   or,   In  the 
Days   of  Luther 

Barbara    Blomberg 

Klytia 

Heidelberg 

Baron  and  Squire 

Philip   Rollo 

The   Amber  Witch 

•The  King's  Ring 

A  Trooper  of  the  Finns 
(juv.) 

A    Brave    Resolve 
The  Lion  of  the  North  (juv.) 
My   Lady   Rotha 
•Memoirs  of  a  Cavalier 


Georg   M.    Ebers 
(trans,) 

James  Baker 

Charles  Reade 

Charlotte  M.    Yonge 

Sir  Walter   Scott 

S.   R.    Crockett 

Wilibald    Alexis 
(trans.) 

Frederick    Breton 

Georg  M.  Ebers  (trans.) 

Wilhelm   Hauff 
Elizabeth  Charles 

Margaret   Roberts 
J.    Wilhelm   Meinhold 

Sarah   M.   S.    Clarke 
Georg  M.  Ebers  (trans.) 
George    Taylor  (trans.) 
G.   P.    R.   James 
Wilhelm    Noeldechen 
James  Grant 
J.   Wilhelm  Meinhold 

Zachris    Topelius 
(trans.) 

Tom   Bevan 
Jacob  B.   de  Liefde 
G.  A.  Henty 
Stanley  J.  Weyman 
Defoe 


884 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


GERMANY  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Thirty  Years'   War  —  Villingen 
( i 633-1 634) 

Thirty  Years'  War  —  just  prior  to 
the  battle  of  Nordhngen  (1633- 
1634) 

Gustavus   Adolphus  and  Wallen- 
stein 

Thirty  Years'  War  —  the  Dukes  of 
Wolfmark 

Thirty  Years'  War  —  Turenne  and 
Mazarin 

Augustus  the  Strong,  Elector  of 
Saxony,  and  King  of  Poland 
( 1 706-1 727) 

Protestantism 

Frederick  William  I  of  Prussia  and 
his  Giant  Grenadiers 

Frederick  William  I  of  Prussia  and 
the  Giant  Grenadiers  (1730) 

Early  life  of  Frederick  the  Great; 
the  execution  of  Katte  (1712- 
1730) 

Maria  Theresa;  the  Seven  Years' 
War   (1756-1763) 

The  Seven  Years'  War  (1756-1763) 

The  Seven  Years'  War   (1756-1763) 


Frederick  the  Great  and  the  battles 
of  the  Seven  Years'  War  (1756- 
1763) 

The  Seven  Years'  War  (1 756-1 763) 

Moses  Mendelssohn  (ca.  1 729-1 786) 

Frederick  the  Great  and  his  Friends 

Saxony  during  the  Napoleonic  Wars 

Bavaria   in   the   Napoleonic    Wars 
( 1 800-1 809) 

Westphalia  in  time  of  Jerome  Bona- 
parte   (1807-1813) 

Napoleonic  Wars  (1812-1813) 

French    occupation    of    Mecklenburg 
French  in   Prussia    (1814-1815) 
Foreign  wars   (1 864-1870) 

Austro-Prussian  and  Franco-German 
Wars   (1866-1870) 


Beleaguered 
Klosterheim 

The   Fortune-Hunter 
Red   Axe 

Won    by   the   Sword    (juv.) 
•The  Countess  Cosel 

Claude    the    Colporteur    (juv.) 

The   King's  "  Blue   Boys  " 
(juv.) 

The   Red  Cravat 


The  Little  Marquis  of  Brand- 
enburg 


The   Lively  Adventures  of 
Gavin  Hamilton 

Under  which  King? 

With   Frederick   the   Great 
(juv.) 

A   Gendarme   of   the   King 


*A   Fallen    Star 
Poet  and  Merchant 
Berlin    and    Sans    Souci 
The    Fiddler   of   Lugau 
At   Odds 

Love  and  Honour 

Face    to    Face    with    Napoleon 
(juv.) 

•In  the  Year  '13 

*Regina 

•Lay   Down    Your   Arms 

•John   of   Gerisau 


AUTHOR 


Herman    T.    Koerner 
Thomas    De    Quincey 

Harold  Molander 
S.   R.  Crockett 
G.   A.   Henty 
J.  I.  Kraszewski 

Anne    Manning 
Sheila   E.   Braine 


Alfred    Tresidder    Shep- 
pard 

W.   R.   H.   Trowbridge 


Molly  E.   Seawell 

Hubert    Rendel 
G.  A.  Henty 

Philip    L.    Stevenson 

C.  Lowe 

Berthold    Auerbach 

Louise   Muhlbach 

Margaret  Roberts 

Baroness    J.    von    Taut- 
pheus 

M.  E.  Carr 

O.  V.  Caine 

Fritz  Reuter   (trans.) 

Hermann    Sudermann 

Baroness    von    Suttner 
(trans.) 

John    Oxenham 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


885 


GERMANY  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Austro-Prussian   War    (1866) 
The  Austrian  War 
Life  in   Mecklenburg   (1 870-1 871) 
Social  life  in  Germany    (ca.   1873) 


"For   Scepter   and    Crown 
Maid,    Wife,    or   Widow? 
*Seed  Time  and   Harvest 
*The   Breaking   of   the    Storm 


G.    Samarow    (trans.) 
Mrs.    Alexander 
Fritz    Reuter 
F.    Spielhagen 


AFRICA 


Central  Africa   (ca.   1700) 

The    Golden    Kingdom    (juv.) 

Andrew    Balfour 

A  Jacobite  refugee  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Capetown  (1746-1748) 

*An    Exiled    Scot:    Passages   in 
the    Life    of    Ranald    Cam- 
eron 

H.   A.    Bryden 

The  Great  Trek   (1836) 

Swallow 

H.   Rider  Haggard 

British  South  Africa  in  the 

Forties 

The  War  of  the  Axe   (juv.) 

J.    Percy   Groves 

Kaffir  wars    (1834-1851) 

Sword   and   Assegai 

Anna   Howarth 

Zulu    Wars;    Dingaan    and 
kasi    (1836-1840) 

Umzili- 

The  Induna's  Wife 

Bertram    Mitford 

The     jjreat     epidemic     of    small-pox 
(1859) 

Katrina:  a  Tale  of  the 
Karao 

Anna   Howarth 

Zulu   and   Boer  Wars    (1873 

-1879) 

The   Young   Colonists    (juv.) 

G.   A.    Henty 

The  Ashanti  War  (1877) 

By  Sheer   Pluck   (juv.) 

G.   A.   Henty 

Kaffir   Wars 

'Tween    Snow   and    Fire 

Bertram    Mitford 

Zulus'  (1877-1878) 

A    Romance   of   the   Cape 
Frontier 

Bertram    Mitford 

Zululand    (1 870-1 879) 

The    Gun-Runner 

Bertram    Mitford 

Zululand 

The  Luck  of  Gerald  Ridgeley 

Bertram    Mitford 

Zulu  War 

The  Word  of  the  Sorceress 

Bertram    Mitford 

Zulus 

Haviland's    Chum 

Bertram   Mitford 

Zulu     War,     Isandhlwana, 
Drift  and  Ulundi 

Rorke's 

•The   Yellow   Shield    (juv.) 

William  Johnston 

Boer  War   (1881) 

Cease   Fire 

J.  Mac  Laren  Cobban 

Matabeleland   (ca.   1890-1893) 

The  Sign  of  the   Spider 

Bertram   Mitford 

Matabeleland    (1893) 

The  King's  Assegai 

Bertram   Mitford 

Matabeleland 

The    White    Witch    of    the 
Matabele    (juv.) 

Fred  Whishaw 

Rhodesianism 

Atbara  and  Omdurman 

Trooper    Peter    Halket    of 

Mashonaland 

With    Kitchener    in    the    Sou- 
dan   (juv.) 

Olive    Schreiner 
G.  A.  Henty 

Battle  off  Omdurman 

The  Four  Feathers 

Arthur    Edward    Wood- 
ley  Mason 

886 


THE   HISTORY   OF  NATIONS 


AFRICA  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Cecil   Rhodes    (1853-1902) 

The   Colossus 

Morley    Roberts 

Transvaal 

Prinsloo    of    Prinsloosdorf 

Douglas    Blackburn 

Life   of   Dutch   and   English  in  the 
Transvaal 

Nora  Lester 

Anna  Howarth 

Transvaal 

A   Daughter   of   the  Transvaal 

Alys  Lowth 

Transvaal 

•Under  the  Sjambok 

George    Hansby    Russell 

Boer  invasion 

Aletta 

Bertram  Mitford 

Boer  War 

(1900) 

From  the  Front:   Stories  from 
the  Seat  of  War 

Anonymous 

Magersfont 

ein    (1900-1901) 

The  Eternal   Quest 

J.   A.   Steuart 

Boer   War 

(1900-1902) 

For   the   Queen   in    South 
Africa 

C.  D.  Haskins 

Boer  War 

(1900) 

Three  Scouts   (juv.) 

Fred  Wishaw 

Boer  War 

( 1 900-1 901) 

*Derwent's    Horse 

Victor  Rousseau 

Boer  War 

( 1 900-1 901) 

Taken   by    Assault 

Morley    Roberts 

Boer  War 

(1900-1901) 

One    of   the    Fighting    Scouts: 
a  Tale  of  Guerrilla  Warfare 
in    South   Africa    (juv.) 

F.   S.   Brereton 

Boer  War 

( 1 900-1 901) 

*Max   Thornton    (juv.) 

Ernest    Glanville 

Boer  War 

(1900-1901) 

Driscoll,    King   of    Scouts 

A.  G.  Hales 

Australians    in    the    Boer   War 
(1900-1902) 

Plain  and  Veldt 

J.  H.  M.  Abbott 

Boer  War 

(1900-1902) 

Abraham's   Sacrifice 

Gustaf   Janson    (trans.) 

CANADA 


Early  Canada 

Jacques  Cartier  (ca.  1542) 

The  struggle  between  the  Estab- 
lished Church  and  Puritanism  in 
Bermuda  (time  of  James  I  of 
England) 

Quebec,  New  England  and  Acadia 
(1637-1647) 

Acadia    (1645) 

Mme.    Hutchinson   and   the   Indians 
French   in    Canada    (1660) 

Old   Indian  wars 


Canadians   of   Old 
Marguerite  de   Roberval 
Mary   Paget 


The  Plowshare  and  the 
Sword:  a  Tale  of  Empire 
(juv.) 

*The    Lady   of    Fort    St.    John 
(juv.) 

The  Golden  Arrow 

*The   Romance   of   Dollard 

The  White  Islander 


S.   A.   de  Gaspe 
T.  G.  Marquis 
Minna  Caroline   Smith 

Ernest   George   Henham 


Mary    Hartwell    Ca'her- 
wood 

Ruth  Hall 

Mary    Hartwell    Cather- 
wood 

Mary    Hartwell    Cather- 
wood 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


887 


CANADA  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


French  wars 

France   and  Acadia 

The   French  and   Indian  Wars 

French  in  Canada 
LaSalle    (1678-1687) 

LaSalle  and  Henri  de  Tonty 

French  Occupation   of   Canada 
(1687) 

French  Occupation  of  Canada  (ca. 
1690-1700) 

Quebec,  in  the  days  of  Louis  XV 
(1697) 

The  capture  of  Louisburg   (174s) 

The  capture  of  Louisburg 

The  capture  of  Louisburg 

Acadia  in  the  French  and  English 
wars    ( 1 746-1 747) 

Louisburg  and   Quebec    (1746-1759) 

Penrith,  Westerham,  and  Canada; 
Wolfe 

The  Expulsion  of  the  Acadians 
(i755) 

Capture  of  Ticonderoga  —  Battle  of 
Quebec;  Montcalm  and  Wolfe 
(1758-1760) 

Wolfe's    campaign    (i7S5-I759) 

Ticonderoga  and   Quebec    (1758- 
I77S) 

Capture  of  Quebec   (ca.   1 759-1763) 

Capture  of  Quebec 

Life  in  the  northwest  (early  19th 
century) 

French  Refugees  on  the  shores  of 
Lake  Ontario  (early  19th  cen- 
tury) 

The   Hudson   Bay    Company 

Great  fur-trading  companies 

Papineau's  insurrection   (1837) 

Canadian    Rebellion    (1837-1838) 


The   Chase   of   Saint    Castin 

A  Daughter  of   France    (juv.) 
The  Prisoner  of  Mademoiselle 

A    Daughter    of    New    France 
*The   Story  of  Tonty    (juv.) 

A    Rose    of    Normandy 
The  Road  to  Frontenac 

•The  Trail  of  the  Sword 

*The  Golden  Dog  (Le  Chien  d' 
Or) 

Boys  of   1745 

Fife  and  Drum  at  Louisbourg 

Englishman's   Haven    (juv.) 

•The  Forge  in  the  Forest 

The  Span  o'  Life 
•Amyot   Brough    (juv.) 

A   Sister  to  Evangeline 
•A    Soldier    of   Manhattan 

With  Wolfe  in  Canada  (juv.) 
•Fort  Amity 

The  Quiberon  Touch 
•The   Seats   of  the  Mighty 
Old    Kaskaskia    (juv.) 

The   Trail   of  the  Grand 
Seigneur 

Conjurer's  House 

•Lords   of   the   North 

The    Pomp    of    the    Lavilettes 

The    Old    Judge;    or    Life    in 
a   Colony 


Mary    Hartwell    Cather- 
wood 

Eliza   F.    Pollard 

Charles   George  Douglas 
Roberts 

Mary  C.  Crowley 

Mary    Hartwell     Cather- 
wood 

William  R.  A.  Wilson 

Samuel   Merwin 


Sir   Gilbert  Parker 

William   Kirby 

James  Otis 

J.   Macdonald  Oxley 

W.   J.   Gordon 

Charles    George    Doug' 
las   Roberts 

William   McLennan   and 
Jean    N.    Mcllwraith 

E.   Vincent  Briton 


Charles  George   Douglas 
Roberts 

Joseph  A.   Altsheler 


G.  A.  Henty 

A.  T.  Quiller  Couch 

Cyrus  T.   Brady 

Sir  Gilbert  Parker 

Mary    Hartwell    Cather- 
wood 

Olin  L.  Lyman 

Stewart    Edward    White 

Agnes   C.  Laut 

Sir   Gilbert    Parker 

Thomas    Chandler    Hal- 
iburton 


888 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


CANADA  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


Fenian  movement 

Hudson   Bay   Company    (i  867-1 869) 
Louis  Riel  Rebellion  (1869-1870) 
Red   River    Expedition    (1871) 


Lome   Administration   in   New- 
foundland   (1878-1883) 

Riel's  rebellion    (1885) 


TITLE 


In    the    Midst   of   Alarms 

•The  Silent  Places 

Menotah   (juv.) 

The   Red  Man's   Revenge 
(juv.) 

Under   the   Great    Seal 
The  Prodigal's  Brother 


Robert  Barr 
Stewart    Edward    White 
Ernest   G.    Henham 
R.   M.   Ballantyne 

Joseph  Hatton 

John   Mackie 


AUSTRALIA    and    NEW    ZEALAND 


The  Maoris  (1777) 

Founding    of    New    South    Wales 
(1764-1793) 

The   Mutiny   of   the    "  Bounty " 
( 1 789-1 790) 

Botany   Bay 

Botany  Bay   (early   19th  century) 

Tasmania   (ca.  1830) 

Norfolk  Island 

Norfolk  Island 

Early  New  South  Wales 

Ballarat    gold-fields,    Inkerman,    and 
England    (1853) 

Life    of    immigrants    in    Melbourne 
and  at   the   Goldfields    (ca.    1850) 

Victoria    (ca.   1850) 

Australia  in  the  Sixties 

Maori    War    in    New    Zealand    (the 
sixties) 

The    New    Zealand    War     (the    six- 
ties) 


Outside  and   Overseas    (juv.) 
*A   First   Fleet   Family 

•The  Mutineer 

Helen  Adair 

This  Man's  Wife 

•For  the  Term  of  His  Natural 
Life 

Tales    of    Early    Australian 
Days 

Tales  of  the   Isle   of  Death 

The  Rogue's  March 

Denis  Dent 


Stephen  Kyrle;   an  Australian 
Story 

The  Wisdom  of  Esau 


Euancondit 

War   to   the   Knife;    or,    Tau- 
gata    Maori 

Maori  and   Settler    (juv.) 


George   Makgill 

G.      Louis     Becke     and 
Walter  Jeffery 

G.      Louis     Becke     and 
Walter  Jeffery 

G.   Louis   Becke 

G.   Manville   Fenn 

Marcus  A.  H.  Clarke 

Price  Waning 

Price  Warung 
E.  W.  Hornung 
E.  W.  Hornung 

Mrs.  T.  R.  Andrews 

R.  L.  Outhwaite  and  C. 
H.  Chomley 

Henry   Goldsmith 

Rolf   Boldrewood 

G.   A.   Henty 


SOUTH    AMERICA 


Antiquarian  discoveries 


Conquest  of  Peru    (ca.   1 524-1 533) 


The  Aztec  Treasure-House: 
a  Romance  of  Contempo- 
raneous Antiquity 

The  Inca's  Ransom 


Thomas  A.  Janvier 


Albert   Lee 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


889 


SOUTH     AMERICA  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

The    conquest    of    Peru    (ca.    1524- 
1533) 

The  Virgin  of  the  Sun 

George  Griffith 

Peru   after   the  conquest  by  the 
Spaniards    (ca.    1561-1588) 

Under  the   Southern  Cross 
(juv.) 

Deborah   Alcock 

The    Peruvian     struggle     for     Inde- 
pendence   (1821-1824) 

*At    the    Point    of    the    Sword 
(juv.) 

Herbert    Hayens 

The  Pampas   (1879) 

*E1  Ombii 

W.  H.  Hudson 

MEXICO   and   CENTRAL   AMERICA 


Conquest   of   Mexico 

By   Right   of   Conquest    (juv.) 

G.  A.  Henty 

Conquest   of  Mexico 

The  Fair   God 

Lew   Wallace 

Conquest  of  Mexico 

Montezuma's   Daughh 

H.   Rider  Haggard 

Cortez    and    his    defeat    of    Monte- 
zuma   (1519-1521) 

The    White    Conquerors    of 
Mexico    (juv.) 

Kirk  Munroe 

Spain    and    Mexico;     the     daughter 
of   Montezuma 

The  Spoils  of  Empire 

Francis   N.   Thorpe 

Yucatan    (16th   century) 

Maya;   a    Story   of   Yucatan 

William    Dudley   Foulke 

The     project     for     seizing     Panama 
from   the   Spaniards    (1698) 

A    Gentleman    Adventurer 

J.    Bloundelle   Burton 

Maximilian's  empire    (1865-1867) 

Roderick   Taliaferro 

George  Oram  Cook 

WEST  INDIES 


Buccaneers    (1672-ca.    1700) 

Leonard  Lindsay 

A.    B.    Reach 

Loss    of    the    Hispaniola    plate    off 
San  Domingo   (1683) 

The  Hispaniola  Plate 

J.    Bloundelle    Burton 

Martinique;    the    girlhood    of    Jose- 
phine,  Empress  of  the  French 

Mamzelle  Fifine 

Eleanor  Atkinson 

Toussaint    L'Ouverture;    Hayti    and 
France     (1791-1803) 

*The  Hour  and  the  Man 

Harriet    Martineau 

Rebellion    against   the    whites   in 
Hayti 

*Bug-Jargal 

Victor  Hugo 

The  Black   Insurrection   of  Hayti 
( 1 791-1804) 

Martinique   (1848) 

A    Roving  Commission    (juv.) 
Youma 

G.  A.  Henty 
Lafcadio   Hearn 

Cuba 

Conspiracy 

A.  Badeau 

Cuba   (ca.    1858) 

A   Cuban  Expedition 

J.   H.   Bloomfield 

Cuban  Rebellion    (ca.    1870) 

Caoba,    the    Guerrilla    Chief 

P.  H.  Emerson 

890 


THE   HISTORY   OF  NATIONS 


DISCOVERY    OF    AMERICA 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Pre-Columban    Discovery    of    Amer- 
ica   (986-1006) 

The  Norsemen  in  the  West 
(juv.) 

R.  M.   Ballantyne 

Viking  settlers 

The  Vinland  Champions 
(juv.) 

Ottilie    A.    Liljencrantz 

Columbus's    voyage     (1460-1493) 

Mercedes  of  Castile   (juv.) 

J.    Fenimore    Cooper 

Christopher    Columbus    (1492) 

Westward   With    Columbus 

Gordon    Stables 

Columbus 

Out  of  the  Sunset  Sea 

Alboin  W.  Tourgee 

Columbus 

Columbia   (juv.) 

John    R.   Musick 

THE  UNITED   STATES 


Florida;    Hernando   de    Soto    (ca. 
1519-1542) 

The   Huguenots   in    Florida    (ca. 
1564-1567) 

Struggle  between  French  and 
Spaniards  for  possession  of  Flor- 
ida   (1565) 

The  Lost  Colony  (late  16th  cen- 
tury) 

Dutch  in  New  York 


Pilgrim  Fathers   (ca.  1620) 
The   Pilgrims 
Colonial  times 
Miles  Standish 
Pilgrim    Fathers 
Pilgrim  Fathers;  Indians 

Old  Virginia    (1622) 

Old  Virginia    (1622) 

Plymouth    Colony 

Maryland    (1636) 

Connecticut  Valley   (1638) 

Massachusetts   and   Rhode   Island 
( 1 640-1 650) 

Maryland    (1644) 

Dutch    Colonists    in    Hudson    River 
Districts    (1 640-1 650) 

Quaker   persecutions    (ca.    1652) 


Vasconcelos   (juv.) 
•The   Flamingo    Feather   (juv.) 
The   Sword  of  Justice 

John  Vytal 

Knickerbocker's     History    of 
New  York 

'Standish    of    Standish    (juv.) 

Betty  Alden 

David    Alden's    Daughter 
•Soldier   Rigdale 

The  Little  Chief   (juv.) 

Longfeather    the     Peacemaker 
(juv.) 

( *By  Order  of  the   Company  ) 
I     To   have  and  to   Hold  J 

•The  Head  of  a  Hundred 

Merry-Mount 

Mistress  Brent 
•The  Bay  Path 

A  New   England  Cactus 

•Sir  Christopher 
Antonia 


•The    Making    of    Christopher 
Ferringham 


W.    Gilmore    Simms 
Kirk   Munroe 
Sheppard    Stevens 

William    F.    Payson 

Washington    Irving 

J.  G.  Austin 
J.    G.   Austin 
J.    G.   Austin 
Beulah   Marie  Dix 
Eliza  F.  Pollard 
Kirk  Munroe 

Mary  Johnston 
Maud  W.  Goodwin 
J.  L.  Motley 
Lucy  M.  Thruston 
Josiah   Gilbert   Holland 
Frank    Pope    Humphiey 

Maud    Wilder   Goodwin 
Jessie   Van   Zile   Belden 

Beulah  Marie  Dix 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


891 


THE   UNIITED   STATES  —  continued 


Indian  warfare  and  conflicts  be- 
tween French  and  English  on  the 
frontier 

New  Amsterdam  and  Long  Island 
(middle   17th  century) 

Puritans  in  Massachusetts    (1650) 

Virginia   under  the   Restoration 

Founding  of  New  York  and  Mary- 
land   (1664) 

Devon  settlers  in  old  Virginia  and 
Massachusetts  Bay 

La   Salle    (ca.   1669) 

La  Salle 

King  Philip's   War    (ca.    1675-1676) 

King    Philip's    War    (1675-1676) 

Caseo  Bay,  Maine;  Indian  raids 
(1676) 

Bacon's  rebellion   in   Virginia 
(1676) 

Bacon's   Rebellion   in   Virginia 
(1676) 

Plymouth   Colony    (ca.    1675) 

La   Salle 

Frontier    life    in    Louisiana    (ca. 
1680) 

Tobacco  riots  in  Virginia   (1682) 

South  Carolina   (1684) 

The  Florida  border   (ca.  1685) 

Sir  William  Phips;  witchcraft  per- 
secutions   (1686) 

Lincolnshire  and  America  (1687- 
1697) 

Jacob  Leisler  and  the  militia  in- 
surrection   (1688-1691) 

Jacob  Leisler  and  the  militia  in- 
surrection   (1689-1690) 

Witchcraft   trials   at    Salem    and 
Boston    ( 1 691-1692) 

Connecticut  valley 


The    Block   House    on   the 
Prairie 


Maid    of   Montauks 

The  Scarlet  Letter 

*The    Old    Dominion    (Pris- 
oners of  Hope) 

Barnaby   Lee    (juv.) 

*King  Noanett 

The  Young  Pioneers    (juv.) 

•With   Sword  and   Crucifix 

The   Wept    of    the   Wish-Ton- 
Wish    (juv.) 

Uncrowning   a   King 
An    Island    Refuge    (juv.) 
•White   Aprons 
Vivian   of   Virginia 


A   Nameless   Nobleman   ) 

Dr.   Le   Baron  and  his    > 

Daughters    (sequel)       ) 

Robert    Cavalier 

The   Black   Wolf's   Breed 

The   Heart's  Highway 

The  Cassique  of  Kiawah 
(juv.) 

When  the  Land  Was  Young 

The   Coast  of   Freedom 

Children  of  Wrath 

In    Leisler's   Times    (juv.) 

The   Begum's   Daughter 

The   Black   Shilling   (juv.) 

Steadfast 


Friedrich    Spielhagen 

Forest  Monroe 

Nathaniel    Hawthorne 
Mary  Johnston 

John  Bennett 

F.  J.   Stimson 

Evelyn  Everett  Green 

E.    S.   Van    Zile 

J.    Fenimore    Cooper 

E.  S.  Ellis 

James  Otis  [J.  O.  Kaleu-] 

Maud  W.  Goodwin 

Hulbert  Fuller 

J.  G.  Austin 

William   Dana  Orcutt 
Harris  Dickson 

Mary  E.  Wilkins 
W.    Gilmore   Simms 

Lafayette    McLaws 
Adele  Marie  Shaw 

J.    Provand   Webster 

Elbridge    S.    Brooks 

Edwin   L.    Bynner 

Amelia  E.  Barr 

Rose  Terry  Cooke 


892 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


THE   UNIITED   STATES  —continued 


SUBJECT 


South     Carolina,    the    Indian    Con- 
spiracy  (171 5) 

Colonial   New   York    (18th  century) 

John  Law   (ca.    1704-1729) 

Mississippi   scheme 

Boston    (middle    of    18th    century) 

Boston    (i75S) 

Valley    of    the    Shenandoah    (1748- 
1781) 

The    early    days    of    Washington 
(1755) 

Dutch  society  in   New  York   (1757) 

Dutch   in   New  York    (1756) 

Washington    and    Braddock's    defeat 
(1754-1773) 

Frontier   and    Indian    life    (1756- 
1760) 

Struggles  of  French  and  English  in 
the   Mississippi    Valley    (1762) 

Siege    of    Detroit    by    Pontiac    (ca. 
1763-1765) 

Pontiac's  War    (1763-1765) 

Early  career  of  Washington   (1756- 
1783) 

The    Pennsylvania    woods   and    Bun- 
ker  Hill   ( 1 760-1 780) 

French  War   (1758) 

Roger's  Rangers  (1758-1759) 

New   England   life    (18th   century) 

Indian   war 

Indian    wars 

Pontiac    (1763) 

Life  in   Virginia   (1 763-1 765) 


Colonial  Period 


New    York    before   and    during    the 
Revolution 


The  Yemassee 

•Free  to   Serve 

The  Mississippi  Bubble 

John  Law 
•Agnes    Surriage 

Free   Soil,   Free   Soul 

Fairfax 

With    Washington    in    the 
West 

•The    Domine's    Garden 

The   Bow  of  Orange   Ribbon 

A    Soldier   of   Virginia 

•The    Leatherstocking    Ro- 
mances 

A    Spectre   of   Power 

At  War  with  Pontiac  (juv.) 

The   Heroine   of   the   Strait 
•The  Virginians 

The    Road   to    Paris:    a    Story 
of  Adventure 

•The   Story  of   Old   Fort   Lon- 
don 

Ben   Comee    (juv.) 

•Twicetold  Tales 

•Mosses    from   an   Old   Manse 
Silence;   and  other   Stories 
A  Sword  of  the  Old  Frontier 

•The    Virginia    Comedians 

Bonnybel  Vane 
Leather    Stocking   and    Silk 
Maurice    Mystery 
My   Lady   Pokahontas 
Stories  of  the  Old  Dominion 
Surry   of    Eagle's    Nest 
.  Virginia    Bohemians 

•Cardigan  ) 

•The  Maid  at  Arms  5 


W.  Gilmore  Simms 

E.   Rayner 

Emerson  Hough 

W.   Harrison   Ainsworth 

Edwin  L.  Bynner 

Lucas  Cleeve 

John  Esten  Cooke 

Edward    Stratemeyer 

Imogen  Clark 

Amelia  E.   Barr 

Burton    Egbert    Steven- 
son 

J.  Fenimore  Cooper 
C.  E.  Craddock 
Kirk   Munroe 

Mary  C.  Crowley 

William    Makepeace 
Thackeray 

Robert    Neilson    Ste- 
phens 

C.  E.  Craddock 

Michael  Joseph  Canavan 
Nathaniel    Hawthorne 
Nathaniel   Hawthorne 
Mary  E.   Wilkins 
Randall   Parrish 
John  Esten  Cooke 


John  Esten  Cooke 


Robert   W.   Chambers 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


893 


THE   UNIITED    STATES  —continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Georgia  and   the    Savannahs   in   the 
i 8th  century 

Return 

Grace     MacGowan     and 
Alice    MacGowan 
Cooke 

Outbreak    of    the     Revolution,    the 
state    of    public    feeling,     Boston 
Massacre,    Tea    Party,    and    battle 
of  Lexington   (i  767-1 776) 

Daughters    of    the    Revolution 
and   their  Times 

Charles   C.   Coffin 

Undergraduate   life    at    Yale   before 
the  war,  and  adventures  with  the 
American   Army 

Brinton    Eliot;    from    Yale    to 
Yorktown 

James  Farmer 

New   England   in   the  early   days  of 
the   Revolution 

From    Kingdom   to    Colony 

Mary   Devereux 

The  Boston  Tea-Party  and  the  seige 
of  Boston   (1772-1776) 

The    Colonials 

Allen   French 

Boston;    Washington    and    Warren 
(1773-1776) 

Old   Boston    (juv.) 

A.    de   Grasse   Stevens 

Frontier    fighting    at    the    outbreak 
of  the  Revolution 

Won  in  Warfare   (juv.) 

Charles   Kenyon 

Shenandoah    (1 774-1775) 

Henry   St.   John 

John  Esten  Cooke 

The  Revolution 

True  to  the  Old  Flag   (juv.) 

G.  A.   Henty 

Boston;    battle   of   Bunker  Hill 
(i77S) 

Lionel  Lincoln 

J.    Fenimore    Cooper 

Benedict  Arnold   and   Montgomery's 
failure  before  Quebec   (177s) 

At  the  Siege  of  Quebec 

James    Otis 
[J.    O.    Kaler] 

The  siege  of  Boston   (1775) 

My   Lady   Laughter 

Dwight  Tilton 

The  siege  of  Boston   (177s) 

Under    Colonial    Colours 
(juv.) 

E.  T.  Tomlinson 

Ticonderoga    and    Burgoyne's    inva- 
sion   (I77S-I777) 

The    Green    Mountain    Boys 
(juv.) 

Daniel  Pierce  Thompson 

The    New    Jersey    Campaign    (1776- 
1777) 

Washington's   Young   Aids 
(juv.) 

E.    T.   Tomlinson 

South  Carolina  (ca.  1776) 

Doris  Kingsley 

Emma  Rayner 

South  Carolina   (1757-1780) 

*Horse    Shoe    Robinson 

J.  P.  Kennedy 

North    Carolina    during    the    Revo- 
lution 

Joscelyn   Cheshire 

Sara    Beaumont 
Kennedy 

The   South  in   the  Revolution 

(  The  Partisan            ) 

<  Mellichampe 

(  Katherine    Walton  ) 

William  Gilmore   Simms 

The   South  in  the   Revolution 

(  The  Foragers  ) 
(  Eutaw                ) 

William  Gilmore  Simms 

Aaron  Burr  and  Theodosia  Prevost; 
Pennsylvania   and   New  York 
(i777) 

The  Stirrup  Cup 

J.   Audrey  Tyson 

The  New  Jersey  campaign    (1777) 

In  the   Camp   of  Cornwallis 
(juv.) 

E.  T.  Tomlintoa 

George   Rogers   Clarke    (1779) 

The   Rangers 

N.   P.  Thompson 

894 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


THE   UNITED    STATES 


continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Washington's    campaigns    from    the 
battle    of    Brandywine    to    Valley 
Forge  ( i 777-1 778) 

A    Lieutenant    under    Wash- 
ington   (juv.) 

E.   T.   Tomlinson 

Washington,    Hamilton,    Paul   Re- 
vere, Nathan  Hale 

Guert  Ten   Eyck   (juv.) 

W.    O.    Stoddard 

Capitulation   of   Burgoyne    (1777) 

*The    Sun   of   Saratoga 

Joseph    A.    Altsheler 

Life  among  the  Dutch  of  the  Hud- 
son  Valley    (1757-1780) 

♦In   the    Valley 

Harold   Frederic 

Maryland    and    Connecticut     (1760- 
1778) 

Barbara   Ladd 

Charles  George  Doug- 
las   Roberts 

Battle  of   Yorktown   and   St.   Clair's 
Expedition   (1 776-1 781) 

The  Heritage 

Burton  Egbert  Steven- 
son 

John  Paul  Jones  (1 778-1 779) 

*The   Pilot   (juv.) 

J.    Fenimore    Cooper 

Siege  of   New   York    (1779) 

A  Song  of  a  Single  Note 
(juv.) 

Amelia  E.   Barr 

John   Paul  Jones 

The  Tory  Lover 

Sarah    Orne    Jewett 

Washington    and    other    heroes    of 
the  Revolution   (1780) 

•The    Spy    (juv.) 

J.    Fenimore    Cooper 

Fort    Vincennes;     Clark's    conquest 
(1780) 

Alice  of  Old  Vincennes 

Maurice    Thompson 

Benedict  Arnold   and   Major   Andre 
(1780) 

*A  Great  Treason 

Mary  A.  M.   Hoppus 

West    Point;    time   of    Arnold's 
treachery   (1780) 

Cadet   Days    (juv.) 

Charles    King 

Washington,    Lafayette,    and    Bene- 
dict Arnold    (ca.    1780) 

In   Blue  and  White   (juv.) 

Elbridge    S.    Brooks 

Washington  —  New  Jersey  and  New 
York 

Janice   Meredith 

Paul   Leicester    Ford 

Maryland  and  London 

•Richard  Carvel 

Winston    Churchill 

George     Washington  —  Philadelphia 

•Hugh  Wynne 

S.  Weir  Mitchell 

New  York  and  London  (1 763-1 786) 

Philip  Winwood 

R.   N.    Stephens 

New  York  and   South   Carolina 

Scouting   for   Washington 
(juv.) 

J.  P.  True 

Greene   and   Morgan;   Tarleton   and 
Cornwallis  (1780) 

Morgan's   Men 

J.  P.  True 

Greene's    retreat    through    the    Caro- 
linas    (1781) 

On    Guard   Against  Tory   and 
Tarleton 

J.   P.   True 

Lafayette's    campaign    and    the    sur- 
render of  Cornwallis   (1 773-1 781) 

The  Scarlet  Coat    (juv.) 

Clinton  Ross 

Oneidas  and  Washington   (1781) 

The   Reckoning 

Robert   W.   Chambers 

Massachusetts ;    Shays's    Rebellion 
(1786-1787) 

The    Duke    of    Stockbridge 

Edward   Bellamy 

George  Rogers  Clark 

•The  Crossing 

Winston   Churchill 

HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


895 


THE   UNITED    STATES  —  continued 


New  York  (1791) 

New  England  settlers  in  Ohio  (late 
1 8th  century) 

Campaign  against  the  Indians  in 
Ohio    (1792) 

Virginia,  England,  and  Continental 
Europe;  the  Prince  Regent,  Sher- 
idan, Napoleon,  and  Goethe  (ca. 
I79S) 

Kentucky   (179s) 

Alexander   Hamilton    (1757-1804) 

American    quarrel   with    France 
'  (1798-1800) 

The  American  quarrel  with  France 
(i799) 

New  York    (ca.    1800) 

America  and  Paris  prior  to  the 
Louisiana   purchase    (1803) 

The   Louisiana   purchase    (1803) 

Aaron  Burr 

Aaron  Burr 

Indian  warfare  in  Kentucky 

The  western  expedition  of  Aaron 
Burr    (1804) 

Social  life  in  a  Massachusetts  vil- 
lage   (ca.    1800) 

Creole  life  in  New  Orleans 

Newport    (ca.    1800) 

The    Dauphin    Louis    XVII    (ca. 
(1803) 

Puritan   life   and  character    (ca. 
1803) 

Kentucky;    the    battle    of    Tippe- 
canoe 

Indiana;    Tippecanoe    campaign 
(1811) 

Pirates  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
and  the  defense  of  Orleans 

Jean  Lafitte  and  Napoleon;  France 
and   New   Orleans 

Attack  on  Washington  and  the  bat- 
tle of  New  Orleans  (1811-1815) 

War  of  1812 


The  Maid  of  Maiden   Lane 

East    and    West;    a    story    of 
New   Ohio 

On    the    Frontier    with    St. 
Clair    (juv.) 

"The   Mills  of  God 


The    Choir   Invisible 
*The    Conqueror 
Little  Jarvis 

The  _  Cruise    of   the    "  Enter- 
prise " 

Trinity   Bells 

In  the  Eagle's  Talon 

•Philip   Nolan's   Friends 

Blennerhassett 

A   Son  of  the  Revolution 

Nick    o'   the   Woods;   or,   The 
Jibbenainosay 

Zachary  Phips 


(  Oldtown    Folks 

<  Sam   Lawson's   Oldtown 

(      Fireside   Stories 

•The   Grandissimes 

The  Minister's  Wooing 

Lazarre 

The   Beau's   Comedy 

Round    Anvil    Rock 


Roxy 

Out    of   the    Cypress    Swamp 
Lafitte   of   Louisiana 
*A  Herald  of  the  West 
Boy    Soldiers    of    1812    (juv.) 


Amelia   E.   Barr 
Edward    Everett   Hale 

Charles  Wood 

Elinor    Macartney    Lane 

J.  Lane  Allen 
Gertrude  Atherton 
Molly  E.   Seawell 

James  Otis  [J.  O.  Kaler] 

Amelia  E.   Barr 
Sheppard  Stevens 

Evelyn  Everett  Hale 

C.  F.  Pidgin 

Elbridge   S.   Brooks 

Robert    Montgomery 
Bird 

Edwin    Lassetter  Bynner 

Harriet    Beecher    Stowe 

George  W.  Cable 

Harriet   Beecher    Stowe 

Mary    Hartwell    Cather- 
wood 

Marie    Beulah    Dix    and 
Carrie    A.    Harper 

Nancy  H.   Banks 
Edward    Eggleston 
Edith  Rickert 
Mary   Devereux 
Joseph   A.   Altsheler 
E.  T.   Tomlinson 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


THE  UNITED  STATES  —  continued 


SUBJECT 


War  of  1812 

Duel    between    the    "  Constitution  " 
and   the   "  Guerriere  " 

Battle   of   Lake    Champlain    (1812) 

Fighting   with    Indians    during   War 
of    1812 

The   Last    Cruise   of    the    "  Essex  " 
(1814) 

Tecumseh    and    Tippecanoe    (1812) 

Massacre  of   Fort  Dearborn    (1812) 


War  of  1812 

Farragut    and    Porter    (181 2-18 14) 

British   attack  on   Baltimore 

General   Jackson;    Mobile   and    New 
Orleans    (18 14) 

Naval    engagements     (1811-1815) 

War-period  of  1812-1813 

Dutch    in    New    York    (181 2-1 8 14) 

War  with  Tripoli    (1815) 

California    war    of    independence 
(ca.    1 830-1 840) 

Southampton   massacre   (1831) 

Far    west    in    the    thirties;    Lincoln 
and  Jefferson   Davis 

Texas  —  Rebellion     against    the 
Mexicans    (1835-1836) 

Florida  —  Second    War     with     the 
Seminoles    (1835-1842) 

Texas  revolution    (1836) 

Catholic    missions    in    California 
(early   19th  century) 

California    under    the    Spaniards 

Creoles  in   New  Orleans 

Joseph    Smith    (1823-1844) 

John    Brown   at   Harper's   Ferry 

Illinois;    Lincoln    as    a   young    man 

Mexican    War    (1845-1846) 
The   Mexican   War    (1846- 1847) 


A  Loyal  Traitor   (juv.) 

For  the  Freedom  of  the  Sea 
(juv.) 

Midshipman   Paulding    (juv.) 

The  Big  Brother 

Midshipman    Stuart    (juv.) 

The   Sign  of  the   Prophet 

The  Shadow  of  Victory:  a 
Romance  of  Fort  Dear- 
born 

Will  o'  the  Wasp 

Midshipman    Farragut 

Jack  and  his   Island 

The  Errand  Boy  of  Andrew 
Jackson    (juv.) 

•Smith  Brunt 

Within  the  Capes 

The  Belle   of   Bowling   Green 

Decatur  and   Somers   (juv.) 

John    Charity 

The   Old   Dominion 

•The  Romance  of  Gilbert 
Holmes 

With  Crockett  and  Bowie 

Through   Swamp  and  Glade 

Remember  the  Alamo 
Isidro 

The   Valiant  Runaways 
•Old   Creole   Days 

The  Mormon  Prophet 
•Time  and  Chance 

Spanish  Peggy 

A    Dream    of   a   Throne 

In  the  War  with  Mexico 
(juv.) 


James   Barnes 
C.  T.  Brady 

Molly  E.   Seawell 
G.  C.   Eggleston 

Kirk   Munroe 

James  Ball  Naylor 
Myrtle    Reed 

Robert  C.  Rogers 
James  Barnes 
Lucy  M.   Thruston 
W.  O.   Stoddard 

Waldron   R.  Post 
Howard   Pyle 
Amelia   E.    Barr 
Molly  E.  Seawell 
Gertrude  Atherton 

G.   P.   R.  James 
M.   M.    Kirkman 

Kirk  Munroe 

Kirk  Munroe 

Amelia  E.  Barr 
Mary   Austin 

Gertrude    F.    Atherton 

G.  W.  Cable 

Lily  Dougall 

Elbert   Hubbard 

Mary    Hartwell    Cather- 
wood 

Charles  Fleming  Embru 

Cyrus   Townsend   Brady 


HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


897 


THE   UNITED   STATES 


■  continued 


SUBJECT 


Pioneer  life  in  Indiana   (ca.    1850) 

Illinois    pioneers;    Abraham    Lincoln 
(ca.    1850) 

South   Carolina;   slave   sentiment 

California   in    the   early  fifties 

Slavery    (ca.    1850-1851) 

People    and    manners    in    Kentucky 
(ca.   1850) 

Illinois   in   the  pioneer   days 

The  Quakers  on  the  Ohio 

Life    on    the    James    River    (ca. 
1850) 

Richmond   before    the    war 
Life  in  Georgia 


Life     and     manners     in     a    country 
town   in   Kentucky 

Adirondack's :     Horace    Greeley    and 
Abraham    Lincoln 

John    Brown    and    the    Abolitionists 
(1856) 

Country  life  in  Tennessee   (1861) 


St.  Louis;  Lincoln,  Sherman,  and 
Grant;  causes  of  the  Civil  War 
(1860-1865) 

Causes  of   the   Civil  War 

Georgian  life  before  and  after  the 
Civil   War 

New   Orleans   before   the   war 

Life  in  Kentucky  mountains;  Gen- 
eral  Morgan 

The  Negro  Question 

The  Civil  War 

Virginia  in  the  early  days  of  the 
Civil  War 

Bull  Run  to  Gettysburg 

Civil  War  after  Gettysburg  (1863- 
1865) 

Life  in  Cincinnati  before  and  dur- 
ing the  Civil  War   (1861-1862) 


*The    Hoosier    Schoolmaster 
*The  Graysons 

Kate    Beaumont 

•Gabriel   Conway 

Uncle  Tom's   Cabin 

5  A    Kentucky    Cardinal   ? 
(  Aftermath    (sequel)         > 

(  Zury,    the    Meanest    Man    in 

I       Spring     Country 

(  The   M'Veys;   an   Episode 

Down  the  O-hi-'o 

Homoselle 

•Suzette 

East    Angels 

•Oldfield 


Eben    Hoi  den:    a  Tale  of   the 
North  Country 


Diane 


In     Connection    with    the    De 
Willoughby   Claim 

•The  Crisis 


Pine  and   Palm 
Free  Joe 

Dr.   Sevier 

*The     Little     Shepherd    of 
Kingdom    Come 

Pactolus    Prime 

Aladdin    O'Brien 

The  Master  of  Warlock 

•Who  Goes  There? 

*A    Friend    with    the    Counter- 
sign 

They  that  Took  the  Sword 


AUTHOR 


Edward    Eggleston 
Edward    Eggleston 

J.  W.   DeForest 
Bret  Harte 

Harriet  Beecher  Stowe 
James  Lane  Allen 

Joseph    Kirkland 

C.  H.  Roberts 

Mary   Spear   Nicholas 
Tiernan 

Mary    Spear    Nicholas 
Tiernan 

Constance     Fenimore 
Woolson 

Nancy  H.   Banks 
Irving  Bacheller 


Katharine    Holland 
Brown 

Frances   E.   Hodgson 
Burnett 

Winston     Churchill 


Moncure  D.  Conway 
J.   Chandler  Harris 

G.  W.  Cable 
John    Fox 

Albion    W.    Tourgee 
Gouverneur   Morris 
George  Cary  Eggleston 

B.  K.   Benson 
B.  K.   Benson 

Nathaniel    Stephenson 


898 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


THE   UNITED  STATES  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Stuart   and    Stonewall    Jackson 
(1862) 

Bayard's   Courier 

B.   K.   Benson 

Burnside's   expedition  to   North 
Carolina   (1862) 

The   Drummer   Boy    (juv.) 

J.  T.  Trowbridge 

Gettysburg 

Stonewall's    Scout 

Reginald  Horsley 

Stonewall     Jackson     (1861-1863) 

Surry    of    Eagle's    Nest 

John  Esten   Cooke 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac;  Lincoln 
and   Grant 

The   Iron    Brigade    (juv.) 

Charles    King 

The  Army  of  the   Potomac 

*The   Captain 

Churchill    Williams 

Confederate  camp   stories 

Southern   Soldier  Stories 

George    Cary    Eggleston 

Civil  War  in  Mississippi 

The   Cavalier 

George  W.   Cable 

Battle    of   Chancellorsville    (1863) 

"The  Red   Badge  of  Courage 

Stephen    Crane 

The   Gettysburg   campaign    (1863- 
1864) 

Old    Squire:    the    Romance    of 
a   Black   Virginian 

B.  K.  Benson 

The  Civil  War   (1863) 

With  Lee  in  Virginia  (juv.) 

G.  A.  Henty 

Grant;     Vicksburg    and    Richmond 
(1863-1865) 

The    Claybornes 

William   Sage 

Charleston  in  the  Civil  War 

A  Little  Traitor  to  the  South 
(juv.) 

Cyrus  T.   Brady 

Blockade  of  Charleston 

The   Blockade   Runners 

Jules  Verne 

Blockade   of   Charleston    (1863) 

*Bale  marked  Circle  X 

George    Cary    Eggleston 

New   York   State   in   the  Civil   War 
period 

The     Copperhead     and     other 
Tales 

Harold    Frederic 

New  York   State   in   the    Civil   War 
period 

Marsena   and    other    Stories 

Harold    Frederic 

Adirondacks    in    the    Civil    War 
period 

The   Deserter,    and   A   Day   in 
the     Wilderness     (In     "  The 
Deserter     and      other      Sto- 
ries ") 

Harold    Frederic 

Virginia,    before    and    during    Civil 
War 

•The   Battle   Ground 

Ellen  Glasgow 

Civil   War  period 

On   the  Wing  of   Occasions 

Joel  Chandler  Harris 

Camps  and  battles  of  the  Civil  War 

Roland  Blake 

S.  Weir  Mitchell 

Southern    guerrilla   warfare 

The  Man  from  Texas 

Henry   Oldham 

Tennessee   in   the   Civil  War  period 

The  Three   Scouts   (juv.) 

J.  T.  Trowbridge 

Home    life    in    Virginia    during   the 
war 

Two    Little    Confederates 
(juv.) 

Thomas  Nelson  Page 

Children    in    the    South    during   the 
war 

Among  the  Camps    (juv.) 

Thomas  Nelson  Page 

Lincoln  and  Judge  Williams 

The    Vagabond 

Frederick  Palmer 

Politics   in   Washington    (1864) 

•The   Washingtonians 

P.   B.  Mackie 

HISTORICAL    NOVELS 


899 


THE   UNITED    STATES 


continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Campaign    of   General   Nathan    Bed- 
ford  Forrest   (1864) 

*A    Little    Union    Scout    (juv.) 

Joel   Chandler  Harris 

Shenandoah   (1864) 

Hilt  to  Hilt 

John  Esten   Cooke 

Shenandoah    (1864) 

My  Lady  of  the  North 

Randall   Parrish 

Mobile    in    the   war-time    (1864- 
1865) 

The    Southerners 

Cyrus  T.   Brady 

Richmond    (1863) 

Jack  Horner 

Mary  S.   Tiernan 

Grant's     advance     upon     Richmond, 
and  the  surrender  of  Lee   (1865) 

Before  the  Dawn 

Joseph    A.    Altsheler 

Last  days  of  Lee 

Mohun 

John  Esten  Cooke 

Virginia   during  and   after  War 
(1861-1866) 

*Henry   Bourland 

Albert   Elmer  Hancock 

Time   of   War   and    Reconstruction 

Clarence 

Bret   Harte 

Reconstruction    period    in    Southern 
States 

•Red  Rock 

Thomas  Nelson  Page 

Reconstruction    period    (ca.    1865- 
1880) 

Sketches    from    Old    Virginia 

A.  G.   Bradley 

Reconstruction    period 

•John    March,    Southerner 

George  W.   Cable 

Virginia    in    the    Reconstruction 
period 

The  Voice  of  the  People 

Ellen  Glasgow 

Mexican  War  of  Independence 

An  Emperor's  Doom   (juv.) 

Herbert  Hayens 

The  Ku  Klux  Klan 

The   Clansman 

Thomas  Dixon,  Jr. 

The  carpet-baggers   (1865-1880) 

*A    Fool's    Errand 

Albion  W.  Tourgee 

Social   conditions   in    the   South,    re- 
sulting  from   slavery- 

Bricks  without  Straw 

Albion  W.  Tourgee 

Reconstruction    period    in     Georgia, 
Florida,    North    and    South    Caro- 
lina 

Rodman  the  Keeper 

Constance   Fenimore 
Woolson 

Reconstruction    period    in    Virginia 

Throckmorton 

Molly  Elliot  Seawell 

Arkansas  at  close  of  the  war 

Expiation 

Octave  Thanet 

Development  of  the  West 

The  Girl  at  the  Halfway 
House 

E.  Hough 

The   Santa   Fe  Trail   in   the   seven- 
ties 

Son  of  the  Plains 

Arthur   Henry    Paterson 

Government    policy   toward   the    In- 
dians 

*Ramona 

Helen  M.   Jackson 

The  Indian  Question 

*The  Heritage   of  Unrest 

Gwendolen  Overton 

Frontier   wars  with  the  Sioux 

The  Westerners 

Stewart  E.  White 

The   defeat   and    massacre    of    Gen. 
Custer   by  the   Sioux    (1876) 

Master  of  the   Strong   Hearts 
(juv.) 

Elbridge  S.   Brooks 

The  Cuban   War 

Crittenden 

John  Fox 

900 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


THE    UNITED    STATES  —  continued 


SUBJECT 

TITLE 

AUTHOR 

Spanish-American    War    (1898) 
Spanish-American  War    (1898) 
Spanish- American    War    (1898) 

The  Spirit  of  the  Service 
Under   the    Spangled   Banner 
Wounds  in  the  Rain 

Edith   Elmer  Woods 
F.  S.   Brereton 
Stephen  Crane 

INDEX  OF  AUTHORS  AND  TITLES 
QUOTED  IN  THE  BIBLIOGRAPHIES 
OF  VOLUMES  ONE  TO  TWENTY-FIVE 


INDEX  OF  AUTHORS  AND  TITLES 


A.  L.  O.  E.: 

Daybreak  in  Britain,  25,  845 
Abbess  of  Vlaye,  The,  25,  837 
Abbot,  The,  25,  872 
Abbott,  Edwin  A.: 

Onesimus,    Christ's    Freedman,    25, 
823 

Philochristus,  25,  823 
Abbott,  Evelyn: 

History  of  Greece,  2,  555 

Pericles    and    the    Golden    Age    of 
Athens,  2,  556 
Abbott,  F.  F.: 

Roman  Political  Institutions,  3,  401 
Abbott,  J.  H.  M.: 

Plain   and   Veldt,   25,   886 
Abolition   de   1'    esclavage    au    Bresil, 

21,  360 
Aboriginal  America,  21,  357 
Aboriginal   Races  of  North  America, 

The,  24,  1 107 
About,  Edmond: 

King   of   the    Mountains,    The,   25, 
825 

Madelon,  25,  843 

Tolla,  25,  830 
About  Catherine  de'  Medici,  25,  836 
Abraham's  Sacrifice,  25,  886 
Acadia,  24,  1 107 
Account    of    English    Settlements    in 

America,  24,  1108 
Account  of  Ireland,  An,  12,  382 
Account  of  the  Abipones,  an   Eques- 
trian People  of  Paraguay,  20,  401 
Account  of  the  Gypsies  of  Spain,  An, 

8,  550 
Account   of   the    Life   and    Times    of 

Francis  Bacon,  An,  11,  649 
Account  of  the  Manners  and  Customs 

of   the   Modern    Egyptians,    An,    1, 

433 
Account  of  the  War  in  India  between 


the  English  and  the  French  on  the 

coast  of  Coromandel,   1750-1760,  5, 

396 
Achard,  Amedee: 

Golden   Fleece,  The,  25,  838,  879 
Ackworth,  John: 

Coming  of  the  Preachers,  The,  25, 
862 
Acland,  A.  H.  D.: 

Handbook  of  English  Political  His- 
tory, 11,  645 
Across   Africa,    19,   325 
Across    India    at    the    Dawn    of    the 

Twentieth   Century,  5,  395 
Across  the  Salt  Seas,  25,  860 
Acte,  25,  826 

Active  Service,  25,  824,  880 
Acts  of  Parliaments  of  Scotland,  12, 

382 
Adair,  James: 

History   of   the   American    Indians, 
24,  1 107 
Adam  Bede,  25,  864 
Adam  Hepburn's  Vow,  25,  873 
Adamnan  (Adamannus  or  Adomnan), 

Bishop : 

Life  of  St.   Columba,   12,  381 
Adams,   Charles   Francis,  24,   11 14 
Adams,  Charles  Francis,  Jr.: 

Antinomianism    in    the    Colony    of 
Massachusetts  Bay,  24,  1109 

Charles  Francis  Adams,  24,  1114 

John  Adams,  24,  mi 

Three    Episodes    of    Massachusetts 
History,   24,    1108 
Adams,  Charles  Kendall: 

Christopher  Columbus,  24,  1107 
Adams,  F.  O.: 

History  of  Japan  to  1871,  7,  332 

Swiss   Confederation,   The,   13,   599 
Adams,  G.  B.: 

Growth     of     the     French     Nation, 
9,  496 


903 


904 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Adams,    H.    Cadwallader: 

In  the  Fifteen,  25,  861 

Red  King's   Burial,  The,  35,  847 
Adams,  Henry: 

History   of  the   United   States,   24, 
1 105 

Life  of  Albert  Gallatin,  34,  11 12 

Life  of  John  Randolph,  24,  11 12 

Travels     in     France     during     the 
Years    1787,    1788,    1789,    10,    508 
Adams,  John,  34,  11 11 
Adams,  John: 

Voyage  to  South  America,  20,  402 
Adams,  Samuel,.  24,  mi 
Administration  of  Dependencies,  The, 

20,  411 
Administration  of  the  American  Rev- 
olutionary Army,  24,  11 10 
Admiral,  The,  25,  865 
Adria,  25,  830 

Advanced  Guard,  The,  25,  831 
Adventures  of  a  Goldsmith,  The,  25, 

841 
Adventures  of  an  Aide-de-camp,  The, 

25,  829,  865 
Adventures     of     Francois     Founder, 

The,  35,  841 
Adventures  of  Gerard,  25,  842 
Adventures    of   Hajji    Baba    of   Ispa- 
han, The,  25,  822 
Adventures  of  Harry  Revel,  25,  865 
Adventures  of  Harry  Rochester,  The, 

35,  860 
Adventures   of   Humphrey   Chatteris, 

The,  35,  848 
Adventures  of  Rob  Roy,  35,  861,  873 
Adventures  of  Telemachus,  The,  35, 

824 
Adventures     of    the     Comte     de     la 

Muette,   25,   841 
Aegypten,  1,  431 
Aegypten  einst  und  jetzt,  1,  432 
Aegyptens,    Geographie  des   alten,   I, 

432 
Aegyptische  Chronologie,  I,  433 
jEmilius,  25,  826 
Afghan  War  of  1879-1880,  5,  397 
Afloat  on  the  Ohio,  24,  11 12 
Afloat  with  Nelson,  25,  865 
Africa,  19,  322 
Africa  in  the  Nineteenth  Century,  19, 

323 


Africa;  its  Partition  and  Future,  19, 

324 
African  Exploration  from  Herodotus 

to  Livingstone,  19,  322 
Africana:  or  the  Heart  of  Africa,  19, 

326 
Africanders,      The,     a      Century     of 

Dutch-English   Feud  in   South  Af- 
rica, 19,  322 
Afrika.     Eine     Allgemeine      Landes- 

kunde,  19,  324 
After  Worcester,  25,  857 
Aftermath,  25,  897 
Age  of  Discovery,  The,  21,  358 
Age  of  Pericles,  The,  2,  557 
Agenor  de  Mauleon,  25,  833,  849 
Agincourt,  25,  850 
Agnes  of  Sorrento,  25,  828 
Agnes  Surriage,  25,  892 
Aguilar,  Grace: 

Days  of  Bruce,  The,  25,  871 

Vale  of  Cedars,  The,  25,  833 
Aide-de-Camp,    The,    Adventures    of, 

25,  829,  865 
Ainsworth,  William  Harrison: 

Boscobel;  or  The  Royal  Oak,  25, 
857 

Cardinal   Pole,  25,  852 

Constable  de  Bourbon,  The,  25, 
836 

Constable  of  the  Tower,  The,  25, 
852 

Crichton,  25,  837 

Guy  Fawkes,  35,  854 

John  Law,  the  Projector,  25,  839, 
892 

Lancashire   Witches,   The,    25,   854 

Leaguer  of  Lathom,  The,  25,  856 

Melvyn  Clitheoe,  25,  866 

Old  St.  Paul's,  25,  858 

Ovingdean  Grange,  25,  857 

Preston  Fight,  25,  861 

St.  James's,  25,  860 

Spanish  Match,  The,  25,  833 

Star  Chamber,  The,  25,  854 

Tower  of  London,  The,  25,  852 

Windsor   Castle,  25,  851 
Aitchison,  Sir  Charles  U.: 

Collection  of  Treaties,  Engage- 
ments, Sunnuds  .  .  .  relating 
to  India  and  Neighboring  Coun- 
tries, 5,  394 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


905 


Aitken,  J.  R.: 

Sins  of  a  Saint,  25,  846 
Akers,  Charles  Edward: 

History    of    South    America,    1854- 
1904,  21,  360 
Akten    des    Wiener    Kongresses,    17, 

467 
Aladdin  O'Brien,  25,  897 
Alarcon,  Don  Pedro  de: 

Three   Cornered   Hat,  The,  25,  834 
Alaska,    Its    History   and    Resources, 

24,  1 1 14 
Alberg,  A.: 

Gustavus     Vasa     and     his     Stirring 
Times,  16,  345 
Albert    N'yanza    and    Exploration    of 

the  Nile  Sources,  The,  19,  324 
Albuquerque,  5,  400 
Alcock,  Deborah: 

Friends  of  Pascal,  The,  25,  838 

No  Cross,  no  Crown,  25,  872 

Not  for  Crown  or  Sceptre,  25,  880 

Spanish  Brothers,  The,  25,  833 

Under  Calvin's  Spell,  25,  836,  877 

Under,  the  Southern  Cross,  25,  889 
Aletta,  25,  886 
Alexander,   Mrs.: 

Heritage  of  Langdale,  The,  25,  861 

Maid,   Wife,  or  Widow?,  25,  885 
Alexander,  A.: 

Robin  Hood,  Romance  of  the  Eng- 
lish  Forest,  25,   848 
Alexander  the  Great  ("  Heroes  of  the 

Nations  "  series),  2,  557,  5,  400 
Alexander     I     of     Russia,     Life     and 

Times,  15,  389 
Alexander   III   of  Russia,    15,   389 
Alexander's  Empire,  2,  557 
Alexis,  Wilibald: 

Burgomaster    of    Berlin,    The,    25, 
883 
Alfgar  the  Dane,  25,  846 
Alfonso  X: 

Chronica  General,  8,  546 
Algue,  P.  Jose: 

Atlas  de  Filipinos,  Colleccion  de  30 
Mapas  Trabajados  por  delinean- 
tes  Filipinos  Bajo  la  Direccion 
del  P.  Jose  Algue,  S.  J.,  Director 
del  Observatorio  de  Manila,  20, 
410 
Alhambra,  The,  25,  833 
Alice  Lorraine,  25,  866 


Alice  of  Old  Vincennes,  25,  894 
Alkibiades,   25,   824 
All  the  Russias,   15,  389 
Allan,  William: 

Army  of  Northern  Virginia  in  1862, 
The,  24,  1 1 14 

History  of  the   Campaign   of  Gen- 
eral T.  J.  Jackson  in  the  Shenan- 
doah Valley  of  Virginia,   Nov.  4, 
1861-June   17,  1862,  24,   1 1 14 
Allardyce,  A.: 

Balmaral,  25,  861,  873 
Allcroft,  A.  H.: 

History  of  Rome,  3,  400 
Allegra,  25,  830 
Allen,  C.  F.: 

Haandbog  i  Faedrelaudets  Historie, 
16,  345 
Allen,   Ethan,   24,    1111 
Allen,  James  Lane: 

Aftermath,  25,  897 

Choir  Invisible,  The,  25,  895 

Kentucky  Cardinal,  A,  25,  897 
Alps,  The,  13,  560 

Alps  from  End  to  End,  The,  13,  599 
Altsheler,  Joseph  A.: 

Before  the  Dawn,  25,  899 

Herald  of  the  West,  A,  25,  895 

Soldier  of  Manhattan,  A,  25,  887 

Sun  of  Saratoga,  The,  25,  894 
Alypius  of  Tagaste,  25,  827 
Amber  Witch,  The,  25,  883 
Amicis,  Edmond  d': 

Holland,  13,  597 

Spain  and  the  Spaniards,  8,  550 
America,  20,  402 

America  before   Columbus,   21,  357 
America,    Historical,    Statistical    and 

Descriptive,  24,   1112 
America   Not   Discovered   by   Colum- 
bus, 24,  1 108 
American      Administration      in      the 

Philippine  Islands,  20,  411 
American  Colonies  in  the  Seventeenth 

Century,  The,  24,  1108 
American   Commonwealth,  24,   1104 
American  Conflict,  The,  24,  1112,  1113 
American   Diplomacy,   A   Century  of, 

24,  1 105 
American    Diplomacy   in    the   Orient, 

6,  326,  24,   1 105 
American   Economic   Association: 

Essays  in  Colonial  Finance,  19,  321 


906 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


American  Engineer  in   China,  An,  6, 

329 
American  Girl  in  Mexico,  22,  516 
American   History  Told  by   Contem- 
poraries, 24,  1 104 
American  Indian,  The,  24,  1107 
American  Indians,  24,  1107 
American   Nation,   The,   20,   401,   24, 

1 103 
American  Navy,  The,  24,  11 14 
American  Prisoner,  The,  25,  865 
American  Race,  The,  24,  1107 
American  Revolution,  The,  24,  mo 
American   Statesman   Series,  24,  1104 
Among  Swamps  and  Giants  in  Equa- 
torial Africa,   19,  324 
Among  the  Camps,  25,  898 
Among  the  Spanish  People,  8,  550 
Among  the  Wild  Ngoni,  19,  325 
Amor    Victor:    a    Novel    of    Ephesus 

and  Rome,  25,  826 
Amory,  Thomas  C: 

Life  of  James  Sullivan,  24,  11 13 
Anastasius;  or,  Memoirs  of  a  Greek, 

25,  824 
Ancient  Athens,  2,  557 
Ancient    Cities    of    the    New    World, 

22,  516 
Ancient  City,  The,  3,  400 
Ancient  Classical  Drama,  The,  2,  558 
Ancient     Fragments     of     Phoenician, 
Chaldean,       Egyptian      and      other 
Writers,  1,  431 
Ancient  India,  2000  B.   C.-800  A.  D., 

5,  393 

Ancient  India  as  described  by  Kte- 
sias  the  Knidian,  5,  398 

Ancient  India  as  described  by  Me- 
gasthenes  and  Arrian,  5,  398 

Ancient  India  as  described  by  Ptol- 
emy, 5,  398 

Ancient    Mycene,   2,   559 

Ancient  Records  of  Egypt;  Historical 
Documents  from  the  Earliest 
Times  to  the  Persian  Conquest,  I, 
431,  432 

Ancient  Regime,  The,  10,  508 

Ancient  Rome  in  the  Light  of  Re- 
cent Discoveries,  3,  402 

Ancient   Society,  24,   1107 

Andersen,  Hans  Christian: 
Improvisatore,   25,  830 


Anderson,  B.  R.: 
America  Not  Discovered  by  Colum- 
bus, 24,   1 108 
Anderson,  F.  M.: 

Constitutions     and     Other     Docu- 
ments Illustrative  of  the  History 
of  France,  9,  500 
Anderson,  James  Stuart  Murray: 
History  of  the  Church  of  England 
in  the   Colonies,  24,   1109 
Anderson,    Rasmus    B  jorn : 

History    of    the    Literature    of    the 

Scandinavian  North,  16,  348 
Norse  Mythology,  16,  347 
Anderson,  T.  S.: 

My  Wanderings  in  Persia,  5,  401 
Andre,  John,  24,  mi 
Andreas  Hofer,  25,  882 
Andrew  Marvel  and  his  Friends,  25, 

855 

Andrews,  CM.: 

River    Towns    of    Connecticut,    24, 
1 108 

Andrews,  E.  B.: 

History    of    the    United    States    in 

Our  own  Time,  24,  1105,  11 13 

United     States     During     the     Last 

Quarter  of  a  Century,  24,  11 13 

Andrews,  Mary  R.  S.: 

Vive  1'  Empereur,  25,  870 

Andrews,  Mrs.  T.  R.: 

Stephen      Kyrle;      an      Australian 
Story,  25,  888 

Anercestes  the  Gaul,  25,  825 

Ange  Pitou,  25,  840 

Angel  of  the  Covenant,  The,  25,  856, 
872 

Anglican  Episcopate  and  the  Ameri- 
can Colonies,  The,  24,  1109 

Anglo-Boer  Conflict,  The,  Its  His- 
tory and  Causes,  19,  322 

Anglo-Indian  Codes,  5,  394 

Annalen  der  deutschen  Geschichte  in 
Mittelalter,  18,  458 

Annali  d'  Italia,  4,  420 

Annals,  12,  381 

Annals,   1591-1659,   14,   514 

Annals  and  Antiquities  of  Rajast'han, 
or  The  Central  and  Western  Raj- 
poot States  of  India,  5,  400 

Annals  of  an  Anglo-Saxon  Family, 
25,  846 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


907 


Annals  of  Indian  Administration, 
1856-1875,  s,  393 

Annals  of  Rural  Bengal,  5,  398 

Annals  of  the  Artists  of  Spain,  8, 
549 

Annals  of  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland, 
12,  381 

Annals  of  the  Reformation,  11,  649 

Annals  of  Witchcraft  in  New  Eng- 
land, 24,  1 108 

Anne  of  Geierstein,  25,  835,  877,  883 

Annotated  Constitution  of  the  Aus- 
tralian Commonwealth,  The,  20, 
406 

Annual   Register,   17,  468 

Ansprung  und  Beginn  der  Revolu- 
tionskriege,   1791-1792,   18,  458 

Anthony   Everton,   25,   855 

Antinomianism  in  the  Colony  of 
Massachusetts   Bay,  24,   1109 

Antinous,  the    Roman,   25,   826 

Antiquary,  The,  25,  875 

Antiquities,  22,  515 

Antologia  Portugueza,  8,  549 

Antonia,  25,  890 

Antonina,  25,  827 

Aphrodite,  25,  824 

Appleton's   Guide  to   Mexico,  22,  516 

Arab  Conquest  of  Egypt  and  the 
Last  Thirty  Years  of  Roman  Do- 
minion, The,  19,  321 

Arabella  Stuart,  25,  854 

Arabia,    in    Encyclopaedia    Britannica, 

I,  439 

Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments,  The, 

(Alif.  Laila),  25,  822 
Arabian  Society  in  the  Middle  Ages, 

I,  438 
Arabien  von  dem  Islam,  1,  439 
Arber,  Edward: 

Works  of  Captain  John  Smith,  24, 
1 109 
Archir  fur  Kunde  der  Geschichtsquel- 

len  Oesterreichs,  17,  466 
Aristippus    and    his    Contemporaries, 

25,  824 
Armenia   and  the    Campaign    of   1877, 

14,  514 
Armenia,   Travels   and    Sketches,    14, 

514 
Armitage,  Alfred: 

Red  Rose  and  White,  25,  851 


Armitage,  John: 

History    of    Brazil    from    the    Ar- 
rival of  the   Braganza  Family  in 
1808   to   the    Abdication    of    Don 
Pedro  I  in  1831,  20,  400 
Armourer's  Prentices,  The,  25,  851 
Armstrong,  Edward: 

The  Emperor  Charles  V,  18,  456 
Armstrong,  F.: 

Lorenzo   de'   Medici,  4,  420 
Armstrong,  Jessie: 

My  Friend  Anne,  25,  851 
Army   of   Northern   Virginia   in   1862, 

The,  24,  1 1 14 
Arneth,  Alfred  von: 

Correspondance   de   Marie   Therese 
avec    le    Comte    de    Merci-Argen- 
teau,   17,  467 
Geschichte   Maria  Theresias,  17,  466 
Memories   du    Cardinal    Bernis,    17, 
467 
Arnold,  Benedict,  24,  nil 
Arnold,  Edwin  Lester: 

Constable  of  St.   Nicholas,   25,  879 
Arnold,  Isaac  Newton: 
Benedict  Arnold,  24,  nil 
History    of    the     State    of    Rhode 
Island     and     Providence     Planta- 
tion, 24,  1 108 
Arnold,  Thomas: 

Second     Punic    War    being     Chap- 
ters in  the  History  of  Rome,  The, 
3,  400 
Arnold,  W.  T.: 

Roman    System    of   Provincial    Ad- 
ministration to  the  Accession  of 
Constantine,    3,   401 
Arnold,  William  Delafield: 

Oakfield,  25,  831 
Arnold's    March    from    Cambridge    to 

Quebec,  24,  1110 
Arrah  Niel,  25,  855 
Arrest    of    the    Five    Members,    The, 

11,  646 
Arrivabene,  C: 

Italy    under    Victor    Emmanuel,    4, 
422 
Arrow  of  the  North,  The,  25,  851 
Art  of  War  in  the  Middle  Ages,  The, 

11,  648 
Arthur  Blane;  or,  The  Hundred  Cui- 
rassiers,   25,    837 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


As  Others  Saw  Him,  25,  823 
As  the  Chinese  See  Us,  6,  329 
Asakawa,  K.: 

Institutional   Life   of  Japan,   7,  332 

Russo-Japanese  Conflict:  Its  Causes 
and   Issues,   7,   332 
Asbjornsen,  Peter  Christen  and  Moe, 

Jorgen: 

Norse  Folke-og  Huldre-enentyr  og 
Folkesagn,  16,  347 
Ascanio,  25,  829,  836 
Ashes  of  Empire,  25,  844 
Ashley,  E.: 

Life    of   Viscount    Palmerston,    II, 

645 
Ashley,  W.  J.: 

Introduction  to    English   Economic 
History  and  Theory,  An,  II,  645 
Ashton,  John: 

Historical   Essays,    10,   508 
Asiatic  Studies,  Religious  and  Social, 

5,  395 
Assyria:     its     Princes,     Priests,     and 

People,  1,  435 
Assyria    and    Babylonian    Literature, 

I,  434 

Assyrien    und    Babylonien    nach    den 
neuesten   Entdeckungen,   1,  434 

Aston,  W.  G.: 

History  of  Japanese   Literature,   7, 

333 
Astor,  William  Waldorf: 

Sforza:  a  Story  of  Milan,  25,  829 

Valentino,  25,  828 
Astoria,  24,  11 12 
Asylum  Christi,  25,  838 
At  Aboukir  and  Acre,  25,  864 
At  Agincourt,  25,  850 
At  Odds,  25,  882,  884 
At  Sea  Under  Drake,  25,  853 
At  the  Point  of  the  Bayonet,  25,  831 
At  the  Point  of  the  Sword,  25,  889 
At  the  Siege  of  Quebec,  25,  893 
At  the  Sign  of  the  Guillotine,  25,  841 
At  War  with  Pontiac,  25,  892 
Atelier  du  Lys,  The,  25,  841 
Athenian  Empire,  The,  2,  556 
Atherton,  Gertrude  Franklin: 

Conqueror,  The,  25,  895 

John  Charity,  25,  896 

Valiant  Runaways,  The,  25,  896 
Atkinson,  Eleanor: 

Mamzelle  Fifine,  25,  889 


Atlas    de    Filipinos,    Coleccion    de   30 

Mapas   Trabajados   por   delineantes 

Filipinos   Baja  la   Direccion  del  P. 

Jose  Algue,  S.  J.,  Director  del  Ob- 

servatorio  de  Manila,  20,  410 
Atlas  of  Ancient  Egypt,  An,  1,  432 
Atlas  of  India,  5,  395 
Attack  on  the  Mill,  The;  and  Other 

Sketches   of  War,  25,  844 
Atterbury,  A.  P.: 

Islam  in  Africa,  19,  324 
Attila;  or,  The  Huns,  25,  827 
Atwater,  E.  E.: 

History    of    the    Colony    of    New 
Haven    to    Its    Absorption    into 
Connecticut,  24,  1108 
Auerbach : 

Les    Races    et    les    Nationalites    en 
Autricke-Hongrie,   17,  466 
Auerbach,  Berthold: 

Christian  Gellert,  25,  884 

Poet  and  Merchant,  25,  824,  884 

Spinoza,  25,  876 

Stepmother,  The,  25,  884 
Auf    alten    Wegen    in    Mexiko    und 

Guatemala,  22,  517 
Augelot,  25,  842 
Aulard,  Prof.: 

La   Diplomatic   du   premier   Comite 
de  Salut  public,  10,  507 

Le  Cult  de  la  Raison  et  de  1'  Etre 
supreme,  10,  507 

L'filoquence  parlementaire  pendant 
la  Revolution,  10,  507 
Aurelian,  25,  826 
Aus   der   Zeit   Friedrich   des   Grossen 

und    Friedrich   Wilhelms    III:    Ab- 

handlungen    zur    preussischen    Ge- 

schichte,  18,  456 
Aus    Mexico,    Reiseskizzen    aus    den 

Jahren  1874-1875,  22,  517 
Austin,  H.  H.: 

Among     Swamps     and     Giants     in 
Equatorial  Africa,   19,  324 

With    Macdonald    in    Uganda,    19, 

324 
Austin,  James  Trecothic: 

Life   of   Elbridge   Gerry,   24,    1113 
Austin,  Jane   Goodwin: 
Betty  Alden,  25,  890 
David  Alden's  Daughter,  25,  890 
Dr.    Le   Baron   and   his   Daughters, 
35,  891 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


909 


Nameless  Nobleman,  A,  25,  891 

Standish  of  Standish,  25,  890 
Austin,  Mary: 

Isidro,  25,  896 
Australian  in  China,  An,  6,  329 
Austria,  17,  465 
Austro-Hungarian    Empire,    The,    17, 

467 
Austro-Hungarian  Monarchy,  17,  465 
Autobiografia,  21,  360 
Autobiography  of  Seventy  Years,  24, 

1 1 14 
Autour  d'un  Trone   Catherine   II    de 

Russie,   15,  389 
Awakening  of  a  Nation,  The,  22,  516 
Awakening  of  the  East,  6,  328 
Azevedo,  Morera: 

Historia  do   Brazil,   21,  360 
Aztec  Treasure-House:  a  Romance  of 

Contemporaneous     Antiquity,     The, 

25,  888 
Aztecs,  Their   History,   Manners  and 

Customs,   The,   24,    1107 


Babel  und  Bibel,  I,  434 

Babylonians  and  Assyrians:  Life  and 

Customs,   1,  435 
Babylonisch-Assyrische  Geschichte,  I, 

435 

Bacheller,   Irving: 
Eben  Holden:  a  Tale  of  the  North 
Country,  25,  897 

Back,  S.: 

Geschichte  des  judischen  Volkes,  I, 
439 

Backus,  Isaac: 

History  of  New  England  with 
Particular  Reference  to  the  Bap- 
tists, 24,    1 109 

Bacon,  Alice  M.: 
In  the  Land  of  the  Gods,  7,  332 
Japanese  Girls  and  Women,  7,  332 
Japanese  Interior,  A,  7,  332 

Bacon,  R.  H.: 
Benin,  the   City  of   Blood,   19,   321 

Bibliotheque     Coloniale     Internation- 
ale, 19,  321 

Badeau,  Adam: 

Conspiracy,  25,  889 

Life  of  U.  S.  Grant,  24,   11 14 


Baden-Powell,   B.   H.: 
Land  Systems  of  British  India,  5, 

394 
Baedeker,  Karl: 

Aegypten,  1,  431 

Spain  and  Portugal,  8,  550 
Bagwell: 

Ireland   under  the  Tudors,   12,  381 
Bailey,  H.  C: 

Beaujeu,  25,  858 

Master  of  Gray,  The,  25,  872 

My  Lady  of  Orange,  25,  876 
Bain,  F.  W.: 

Calendar   of   Documents,    12,   382 

Christina,    Queen    of    Sweden,    16, 

345 
Dmitri,  25,  877 
Bain,  Robert  Nisbet: 

Charles    XII    and    the    Collapse    of 

the  Swedish   Empire,  16,  345 
Daughter  of  Peter  the  Great,  The, 

15,  389 

First  Romanovs,  The,  15,  389 

Gustavus    III    and    his    Contempo- 
raries, 16,  345 

Peter  III,  15,  389 

Pupils  of  Peter  the  Great,  The,  15, 

389. 
Scandinavia,  16,  345 
Baird,  Henry  Martyn: 

History  of  the  Rise  of  the  Hugue- 
nots of  France,  9,  496 
Baker,  C.  A.: 

True     Stories     of     New     England 
Captives  Carried  to  Canada  Dur- 
ing the   Old   French   and   Indian 
War,  24,  1 108 
Baker,  Grenfell: 

Model  Republic,  The,  13,  599 
Baker,  James: 

Cardinal's   Page,  The,  25,  850,  881, 

883 
Gleaming  Dawn,  The,   25,  881 
Baker,  Samuel  White: 

Abert  N'yanza  and  Exploration   of 
the  Nile  Sources,  The,  19,  324 
Balaguer,  Victor: 

Historia  de  lostrovadores,  8,  549 
Bale  marked  Circle  X,  25,  898 
Balfour,   Andrew: 

By  Stroke  of  Sword,  25,  872 
Golden  Kingdom,  The,  25,  885 


910 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


To  Arms!,  25,  861,  873 
Vengeance  is  Mine,  25,  842,  875 
Balkans,     The     (Story     of     the     Na- 
tions), 14,  513 
Ball: 

Legislative     Systems    from     Henry 
II  to  the  Union,  12,  381 
Ball,  J.  Dyer: 

Things  Chinese,  6,  327 
Ballads    of   the    Dauphine,    The,    25, 

835 
Ballaert,  William: 
Wars    of    Succession    in    Portugal 
and    Spain    from    1826    to    1840: 
with   a    Resume    of   the   Political 
History    of    Portugal    and    Spain 
to  the  Present  Time,  8,  546 
Ballantyne,  R.  M.: 

Erling  the  Bold,  25,  880 

In  the  Track  of  the  Troops,  25,  880 

Norsemen   in    the    West,   The,    25, 

880,   890 
Red  Man's  Revenge,  The,  25,  888 
Balmoral,  25,  861,  873 
Balzac,  Honore  de: 
About    Catherine    de'    Medici,    25, 

836 
Chouans,  The,  25,  841 
Episode  of  the  Terror,  An,  25,  840 
Bancroft,  F.: 

Life  of  Seward,  24,  11 12 
Bancroft,  George: 

History    of    the    Constitution,    24, 

nil 
History  of  the   United   States,   24, 
1 104 
Bancroft,  Hubert  Howe: 
Antiquities,  22,  515 
California    Pastoral,    1769-1848,   20, 

401 
Civilized  Nations,  22,  515 
History    of    Central    America,    20, 

400,  24,  1 107 
History   of   Mexico,    15 16-1887,   20, 

400 
Myths  and  Languages,  22,  515 
Native  Races  of  the  Pacific  States 
of  North  America,  The,  22,  515, 
24,  1 107 
Popular    History    of    the    Mexican 

People,  A,  22,  515 
Primitive  History,  22,  515 


Resources  and  Development  of 
Mexico,  22,  515 

Wild  Tribes,  The,  22,  515 
Bandelier,  Adolph  Francis: 

Contributions  to  the  History  of  the 
Southwestern  Portion  of  the 
United  States,  24,   1107 

On    the    Social    Organization    and 
Mode  of  Government  of  the  An- 
cient Mexicans,  22,  515 
Banim,  John: 

Boyne  Water,  The,  25,  869 

Croppy,  The,  25,  870 
Banks,   Mrs.   George   Linnaeus: 

Bond  Slaves,  25,  865 

God's  Providence  House,  25,  863 

Manchester  Man,  The,  25,  866 
Banks,  Nancy  Houston: 

Oldfield,  25,  897 

Round  Anvil  Rock,  25,  895 
Banner  of  Blue,  The,  25,  875 
Banner  of  St.  George,  The,  25,  849 
Barabbas:   a    Dream   of   the   World's 

Tragedy,  25,  823 
Barbara  Blomberg,  25,  883 
Barbara  Ladd,  25,  894 
Barbara  Winslow,  Rebel,  25,  859 
Barbary  Corsairs,  The   (Story  of  the 

Nations),  14,  514 
Barbier  de  Meynard,  C.  A.: 

Dictionnaire   geographique,   histori- 
que  et  litteraire  de  la  Perse  et  des 
Contrees  adjacentes,  1,  437 
Barbour,  John: 

Bruce,  12,  383 
Baring,  Max: 

Prophet  of  Wales,  A,  25,  868 
Baring-Gould,    Sabine : 

Germany,  Past  and  Present,  18,  459 

Iceland,  its   Scenes  and   Sagas,  16, 

347 
Barlasch  of  the  Guard,  25,  840,  878 
Barmby,  Beatrice  Helen: 

Rosslyn's    Raid;    and    other    Tales, 
25,  872 
Barnaby   Lee,  25,   891 
Barnaby  Rudge,  25,  863 
Barnes,  James: 

Drake  and  his  Yeoman,  25,  853 

Loyal  Traitor,  A,  25,  896 

Midshipman    Farragut,   25,   896 
Baron   and   Squire,   25,   883 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


911 


Baron  de  Worms: 

Austro-Hungarian    Empire,    The,    a 
Political     Sketch     of     Men     and 
Events,   17,  467 
Baronet  in  Corduroy,  The,  25,  860 
Baron's  Sons,  The,  25,  882 
Barque  Future,  The;  Life  in  the  Far 

North,  25,  881 
Barr,  Amelia  E.: 

Belle  of  Bowling   Green,  25,  896 

Bernicia,  25,  862 

Black  Shilling,  The,  25,  891 

Bow   of   Orange   Ribbon,   The,    25, 

892 
Friend  Olivia,  25,  857 
I,   Thou,    and   the    Other    One,    25, 

867 
Lion's  Whelp,  The,  25,  857 
Maid    of    Maiden    Lane,    The,    25, 

895 

Remember  the  Alamo,  25,  896 

Song  of  a  Single  Note,  A,  25,  894 

Thyra  Varrick,  25,  874 

Trinity  Bells,  25,  895 
Barr,  Robert: 

In  the  Midst  of  Alarms,  25,  888 

Over  the  Border,  25,  855 

Prince  of  Good  Fellows,  A,  25,  871 

Strong   Arm,  The,  25,  882 
Barras,   Paul   Francois  Jean   Nicolas, 

Comte  de: 

Memoirs,  10,  508 
Barrett,   Frank: 

Set  of  Rogues,  A,  25,  858 
Barrett,  Jay  Amos: 

Evolution  of  the  Ordinance  of  1787, 
24,    nil 
Barrett,  Joseph  Hartwell: 

Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  24,  n  14 
Barrington,   Michael: 

King's  Fool,  The,  25,  834 
Barros,  Araua  D.: 

Historia  general  de  Chili,  21,  360 
Barrows,    William: 

Oregon,    the    Struggle    for    Posses- 
sion, £4,   1 1 12 
Barry,  William: 

Dayspring,  The,  25,  843 
Barry  Lyndon,  Memoirs  of,  25,  863 
Bartels: 

Geschichte    der    deutschen     Litera- 
tur,   18,   460 


Bartholomew,  J.  G.: 

Hand  Atlas  of  India,  5,  395 
Bartram,   George : 

Longshoremen,  The,  25,  865 
Basile  the  Jester,  25,  872 
Basis  of  American  History,  1500-1900, 

21,  357,  24,  1 107 
Basse tt,  James: 

Persia,  the  Land  of  the  Imaums,  5, 
401 
Bateman,  J.  C: 

Ierne  of  Armorica,   25,  834 
Bates,  Katherine  Lee: 

Spanish  Highways  and   Byways,  8, 
550 
Bate  son,  Mary: 

French  in  America,  The,  1608-1744, 
20,  408 
Bath   Comedy,   The,  25,  862 
Baton  Sinister,  The,  25,  858 
Battle  Ground,  The,  25,  898 
Battle  of  the  Strong,  The,  25,  841 
Battlement  and  Tower,  25,  856,  868 
Battles   and    Leaders,    24,    1105,    1113 
Battles   of  the  American   Revolution, 

24,   1 1 10 
Baudissin,  W.  W.  F.  von: 

Studien   zur   semitischen    Religions- 
geschichte,  1,  436 
Baumgarten,    Hermann: 

Geschichte   Spaniens  von  Ausbruch 
des   franzosischen   Revolution  bis 
auf  unsere  Tage,  8,  546 
Bax,  Ernest  Belfort: 

German  Society  at  the  Close  of  the 
Middle  Ages,  18,  459 
Baxter,  J.  P.: 

Pioneers    of    France    in    New    Eng- 
land, 24,  1 107 
Baxter,  S.: 

Spanish-Colonial      Architecture      in 
Mexico,  22,  515 
Bay  Path,  The,  25,  890 
Bayard's   Courier,  25,  898 
Beach,  H.  P.: 

India  and  Christian  Opportunity,  5, 
394 
Beamish,  N.  L.: 

Discovery     of     America     by     the 
Northmen,    24,    1108 
Beard,  Charles: 

Martin  Luther,  18,  456 


912 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Bearne,  Mrs.: 

Cross  of  Pearls,  The,  25,  835 
Beath,  R.  B.: 

History  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  24,   11 14 
Beatrice  Cenci,  25,  829 
Beatrice  of  Venice,  25,  829 
Beatson,  A.: 

View    of   the   Origin    and    Conduct 
of  the  War  against  Tippoo   Sul- 
taun,   5,   395 
Beaujeu,  25,  858 
Beautes  de  l'histoire  de  la  domination 

des   Arabes   et   de    Maures    en    Es- 

pagne  et  en  Portugal,  8,  547 
Beau's  Comedy,  The,  25,  895 
Beazley,    Charles    Raymond: 

John  and  Sebastian  Cabot,  24,  mo 

Prince    Henry    the    Navigator,    20, 
400,  24,   1 106 
Because  of  the  Angels,  25,  875 
Becke,  G.  Louis: 

First  Fleet  Family,  A,  25,  888 

Helen  Adair,   25,  888 

Mutineer,  The,  25,  888 
Becker,   Wilhelm   Adolf: 

Charicles,   25,  824 

Gallus,  25,  825 
Beddoe,  David  M.: 

Honour   of   Henri   de   Valois,   The, 
25,  822 
Beebe,  C.  W.: 

Two    Bird-Lovers    in    Mexico,    22, 

SIS 
Beer,   George    Louis: 

Commercial  Policy  of  England  to- 
ward  the    Colonies,   20,   403,    24, 
1110 
Beesley: 

Robespierre,   10,   507 
Beesly,  A.  H.: 

Gracchi,  Marius  and  Sulla,  The,  3, 
401 
Beesly,  Edward  Spencer: 

Catiline,    Clodius,    and    Tiberius,   3, 
401 
Before  the  British  Raj,  25,  831 
Before  the  Dawn,  25,  899 
Beggars,   The,   25,  876 
Beggars  of  the  Sea,  25,  876 
Beginners  of  a  Nation,  24,  1108 
Beginnings  of  Maryland,  24,   1109 


Beginnings    of    New    England,    The, 

24,  1 108 
Begum's  Daughter,  The,  25,  891 
Belden,  Jessie  Van  Zile: 

Antonia,  25,  890 
Beleaguered,  25,  884 
Belknap,  Jeremy: 

History    of    New    Hampshire,    24, 
1 108 
Bell,  C.  N.: 

Tangweera,  22,  515 
Bell,  Gertrude: 

True  to  the  Prince,  25,  876 
Bellamy,  Edward: 

Duke  of  Stockbridge,  The,  25,  894 
Belle  of  Bowling  Green,  The,  25,  896 
Belloc,  Hilaire: 

Danton,  9,  496,  10,  507 

Robespierre,  9,  496 
Beloch,  Julius: 

Greichische    Geschichte,  2,  555 
Belshazzar:    a    Tale    of    the    Fall    of 

Babylon,  25,  821 
Belt,  T.: 

Naturalist   in    Nicaragua,    The,    22, 
515 
Ben  Comee,  25,  892 
Ben   Hur,  25,  823,  825 
Benin,   the    City   of   Blood,   19,   321 
Benjamin,  Samuel  Green  Wheeler: 

Persia  and  the  Persians,  1,  437,  5, 
401 

Story  of  Persia,  The,  1,  437,  5,  401 
Bennet,  Robert  Ames: 

For  the  White  Christ,  25,  834 
Bennett,  John: 

Barnaby  Lee,  25,  891 

Master  Skylark,  25,  854 
Benson,  Blackwood  Ketcham: 

Bayard's    Courier,    25,   898 

Friend  with  the  Countersign,  A,  25, 
897 

Old    Squire:    the    Romance    of    a 
Black  Virginian,  25,  898 

Who  Goes  There,  25,  897 
Benson,  E.  F.: 

Vintage    Capsina,    The,    25,    825 
Benson,  Robert  Hugh: 

King's  Achievement,  The,  25,  852 
Bent,  James  Theodore: 

Ruined  Cities  of  Mashonaland,  The, 
19,  324 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


913 


Benton,  Thomas  Hart: 
Thirty  Years'  View,  24,  11 12 

Benzinger,  J.: 

Hebraische  Archaologie,  1,  439 

Beppo  the  Conscript,  25,  830 

Berard,  V.: 
La    Turquie    et    l'Hellenisme     con- 
temporaine,  2,  556 

Beresford,  Lord  Charles: 

Break-up  of   China,  The,   6,  327 

Beric,  the  Briton,  25,  844 

Berkeley : 
Tracts,  12,  382  . 

Berlin  and  Sans  Souci,  25,  884 

Bermudez,  Juan  Augustin  Cean: 
Sumario    de    las    Antiguedades    Ro- 
manas  en  Espaha,  8,  549 

Bernard,  F.: 
La    Hollande,    Geographique,    Eth- 
nologique,  etc.,  13,  597 

Bernicia,  25,  862 

Bernier,  Frangois: 
Travels,  5,  395 

Bertha,  A.  de: 
La  HoUgrie  Moderne,  17,  468 

Besant,  Sir  Walter: 
By  Celia's  Arbour,  25,  867 
Chaplain  of  the  Fleet,  The,  25,  862 
Dorothy  Forster,  25,  861 
For  Faith  and   Freedom,   25,  859 
Fountain  Sealed,  A,  25,  863 
Lady  of  Lynn,  The,  25,  862 
Orange  Girl,  The,  25,  863 
St.   Katherine's  by  the  Tower,   25, 

863 
'Twas   in   Trafalgar's    Bay,   25,   865 
World  went  very  well  Then,   The, 
25,  862 

Betrothed,  The  (Manzoni),  25,  829 

Betrothed,  The   (Scott),  25,  847,  868 

Betty  Alden,  25,  890 

Between   the   Andes   and   the   Ocean, 
21,  361 

Bevan,  Tom: 
Beggars  of  the  Sea,  25,  876 
Lion  of  Wessex,   A,   25,  846 
Red  Dickon,  the  Outlaw,  25,  849 
Trooper  of  the  Finns,  A,  25,  883 

Beveridge,  H.: 

Comprehensive    History    of    India, 
Civil,  Military  and   Social,  5,  393 

Beverly,  Robert: 

History  of  Virginia,  24,  1 109 


Biart,  Lucien: 

Aztecs,  The,  24,  1107 
Bible  and  Sword,  25,  873 
Bible  in  Spain,  The,  8,  550 
Bibliographic  de  l'histoire  de  France, 

9,  495 
Bibliographic     japonaise     depuis     le 

XVe  siecle  jusqu'a   1859,   7,   331 
Bibliography    of    the    Japanese    Em- 
pire,  7,  331 
Bibliotheca   de   autores   espafioles,    8, 

549 
Bibliotheca  Sinica,  7,  331 
Bibliotheque     Coloniale     Internation- 

iale,  19,  321,  20,  398 
Bickford-Smith,    R.   A.   H.: 

Greece   under  King  George,   2,   556 
Bidder,  M.: 

In  the   Shadow  of  the   Crown,   25, 
849 

Westminster   Cloisters,  25,  847 
Biddle,  A.  J.  D.: 

Land  of  the  Wine,  The,  8,  550 
Big  Brother,  The,  25,  896 
Bigelow,   John: 

France  and  the  Confederate  Navy, 
24,   1114 

Memoirs     of     the     Life     of     John 
Charles   Fremont,  24,    11 13 

Samuel  J.  Tilden,  24,  1114 
Bigelow,  Poultney: 

History    of    the    German    Struggle 
for  Liberty,  18,  456 
Biggar,  H.  P.: 

Early  Trading   Companies   of  New 
France,  24,   1108 
Bikelas,  Demetrius: 

La  Grece  Byzantine  et  moderne,  2, 
556 

Loukis  Laras,  25,  825 
Bilder  aus  der  deutschen  Vergangen- 

heit,  18,  457 
Billerbeck,  A.: 

Eine    Studie    zur    alten    Geschichte 
Westasiens,  1,  436 
Bingham,  D.  A.: 

Letters  and  Dispatches  of  the  First 
Napoleon,  9,  500,  10,  509 
Biographisches    Lexikon    des    Kaiser- 

thums   Oesterreich,    17,   466 
Biography    of    the     Signers     of    the 

Declaration    of    Independence,    24, 

mi 


914 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Birch,  Samuel: 

Records  of  the  Past;  being  English 
Translations  of  the  Assyrian  and 
Egyptian  Monuments,  i,  431 
Bird,  Robert: 

Jesus,  the  Carpenter  of  Nazareth, 
25,  823 

Joseph  the  Dreamer,  25,  822 

Paul  of  Tarsus,  25,  823 
Bird,    Robert    Montgomery: 

Nick  of  the   Woods;   or,   The   Jib- 
benainosay,  25,  895 
Bird's-eye    View    of    Picturesque    In- 
dia, 5,  395 
Bird's-eye    View    of    the    Civil    War, 

24,  1 105,  11 13 
Bire,  Edmond: 

La  Legende  des  Girondins,  10,  507 
Birney,  W.: 

Life  of  J.  G.  Birney,  24,  11 12 
Birthright,  The,  25,  863 
Bishop,  J.  L.: 

History  of  American  Manufactures, 
24,  1 105 
Bismarck,     Otto     Eduard     Leopold, 

Prince  von: 

Bismarck,  The  Man  and  the  States- 
man; Reflections,  etc.,  by  Him- 
self, 18,  456 

Letters,   18,  456 
Bismarck  and  German  Unity,  18,  459 
Bismarck  and  State  Socialism,  18,  460 
Bismarck      in      the      Franco-German 

War,  9,  501 
Bismarck:  Some  Secret  Pages  of  his 

History,   18,  456 
Bismarck,   The   Man  and  the   States- 
man,  Reflections,   etc.,  by   Himself, 

18,  456 
Bivouac,  The,  25,  865 
Black,  J.  Sutherland: 

Encyclopaedia    Biblica,    I,   439 
Black,  John: 

Political  Essay  on  the  Kingdom  of 
New  Spain,  20,  402 
Black,  William: 

Judith  Shakespeare,  25,  854 
Black  Arrow,  The,  25,  850 
Black  Danes,  The,  25,  846 
Black  Disc,  The,  25,  833 
Black  Douglas,  25,  871 
Black  Dwarf,  The,  25,  873 
Black  Familiars,  The,  25,  853 


Black  Mary,  25,  875 

Black  Pilgrim,  The,  25,  824,  879 

Black  Shilling,  The,  25,  891 

Black  Tor,  The,  25,  854 

Black  Tulip,  The,  25,  876 

Black  Wolf's  Breed,  The,  25,  838,  891 

Blackburn,  Douglas: 

Memoirs  of  the  Operations  of  the 
British  Army  in  India  during  the 
Maratha  War,  5,  395 

Prinsloo  of   Prinsloosdorp,   25,   886 
Blackman,  William  Tremont: 

Making  of  Hawaii,   The:   A    Study 
in  Evolution,  20,  411 
Blackmar,  Frank  W.: 

Spanish  Colonial  Policy,  20,  397 
Blackmore,  Richard  Doddridge: 

Alice  Lorraine,  25,  866 

Lorna  Doone,  25,  859 

Mary  Anerley,   25,   863 

Perlycross,  25,  867 

Springhaven,  25,  864 
Blaikie,  William  Garden: 

Personal     Life     of     David     Living- 
stone,   19,    324 
Blaine,  James  Gillespie: 

Twenty    Years    of     Congress,    24, 
1 1 12,  1 1 13 
Blair,  Emma.   Helen: 

Philippine     Islands,     1493-1898,    2«, 
401 
Blake,  Bass: 

Lady's  Honour,  A,  25,  861 
Blake,   M.  M.: 

Grantley  Fenton,  25,  843,  866 

Siege  of  Norwich   Castle,  The,  25, 

847 
Blayney,  Owen: 

MacMahon,  The,   25,  869 
Blennerhassett,  25,  895 
Blisset,  Nellie  K.: 

Most  Famous  Loba,  The,  25,  834 

Silver  Key,  The,  25,  858 
Block  House  on  the  Prairie,  The,  25, 

891 
Blockade,  The,  25,  842 
Blockade  Runners,  The,  25,  898 
Blok,  P.  J.: 

History     of     the     People     of     the 
Netherlands,   13,  597,  24,   1106 
Blond,  Mrs.  A.  de: 

Cities  and  the  Sights  of  Spain,  8, 
550 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


915 


Bloomfield,  J.  H.: 

Cuban   Expedition,   A,   25,  889 
Blue  Banner,  The,  25,  823 
Blue  Flag,  The,  25,  859 
Blue  Pavilions,  The,  25,  859 
Blunt,  Mrs.  John  E.: 

People  of  Turkey,   14,  515 
Bodkin,  Matthias  M'Donnell: 

In  the  Days  of  Goldsmith,  25,  869 

Lord  Edward   Fitzgerald,  25,  870 

Rebels,  The,  25,  870 
Bodley,  John  Edward  Courtenay: 

France,  9,  496 
Boeckh,  Augustus: 

Public  Economy  of  the  Athenians, 
3,  556 
Boer   States,   Land  and   People,  The, 

19,  325 

Bohemia,    an    Historical    Sketch,    17, 

466 
Bohemia  from  the  Earliest  Times  to 

1620,  17,  466 
Bohn,  W.  G.: 

Commentaries    on    the    Gallic    and 
Civil  Wars,  3,  399 
Boissier,  G. : 

Cicero  and  his   Friends,  3,  401 
Boiteau: 

La  France  en   1789,  10,  507 
Boldrewood,    Rolf: 
War    to    the    Knife;    or,    Tangata 
Maori,   25,  888 
Bolingbroke,  11,  647 
Bolivia,  21,  359 
Bolivie  et  Peron,  21,  359 
Bolles,  A.  S.: 

Financial    History    of    the    United 
States,  24,  1 105 
Bolton,  Charles  Knowlton: 
Private  Soldier  under  Washington, 
The,  24,   1110 
Bonaparte,  Joseph  de: 

Memoirs,   10,  509 
Bonaparte,  Louis: 
Historical   Documents    and    Reflec- 
tions in  the  Government  of  Hol- 
land, 13,  597 
Bonaparte,  Prince  Roland: 
Le  Mexique  au  Debut  XXe  Siecle, 
22.   515 
Bond   Slaves:   the  Story  of  a   Strug- 
gle, 25,  865 


Bondman,  The,  25,  864,  881 
Bonnet  Conspirators,  The,  25,  866 
Bonnie  Prince  Charlie,  25,  874 
Bonnybel  Vane,  25,  892 
Book  of  Ser  Marco  Polo,  the  Vene- 
tian, concerning  the  Kingdoms  and 

Marvels   of  the   East,   The,  5,  401, 

6,  330 
Book  of  the  Dead,  The,  1,  432 
Border   Wars   of   New    England,   24, 

1 108 
Bordoni: 

Montevideo     e     la     republica     del 
Uraguay,  21,  36b 
Borrow,  George: 

Bible  in  Spain,  The,  8,  550 

Zincali,    The:    An    Account    of   the 
Gypsies  of  Spain,  8,  550 
Boscobel;  or,  The  Royal  Oak,  25,  857 
Boshart,  A.: 

Zehn    Jahre    africanischen    Lebens, 
19,  32i 
Bosquejo  historico  de  Venezuela,  21, 

360 
Both  Sides  the  Border,  25,  850 
Bothwell;    or,    The    Days    of    Queen 

Mary,  25,  872 
Botsford,  G.  W.: 

History  of  Rome,  4,  419 
Botta,  Paul  Emil: 

Monuments  de  Ninive,  1,  434 
Boulger,  Demetrius  Charles: 

History  of  Belgium,  13,  597 

History  of  China,  6,  325 

India    in    the    Nineteenth    Century, 
5,   393 
Bourchier,  G.: 

Eight    Months'    Campaign    against 
the   Bengal   Sepoy   Army   during 
the   Mutiny  of   1857,  5,  396 
Bourchier,  M.  H.: 

Adventures    of   a    Goldsmith,    The, 
25,  841 
Bourienne,  Louis: 

Memoirs    de    Napoleon    Bonaparte, 
9,  500 
Bourinot,  Sir  John  George: 

Canada    under    British    Rule,    1760- 
1900,  20,  407 

Historical  and  Descriptive  Account 
of  Cape  Breton,  24,  1107 

Story  of  Canada,  The,  20,  407 


916 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Bourne,    Edward   Gaylord: 

Essays  in  Historical   Criticism,   19, 

321,  20,  400 
Narrative    of    Hernando    de    Soto, 

24,  1 107 
Spain    in    America,    1450-1580,    20, 
401,  ai,  357,  358 
Bourne,  H.  E.: 

French  Colonial  Experiment  in  the 
Far  East,  A,  30,  408 
Bourne,  H.  R.  F.: 

English  Seamen  Under  the  Tudors, 
24,  1 108 
Boutwell,  George  S.: 

Reminisciences  of  Sixty  Years,  34, 
1114 
Bow  of  Orange  Ribbon,  The,  25,  892 
Bowditch,  C.  P.: 

Mexican  and  Central  American  An- 
tiquities, 32,  515 
Bowman,  Anne: 

Boy   Foresters,  The,  25,   848 
Bowman,   H.   M.: 

Preliminary  Stages  of  the  Peace  of 
Amiens,   10,  508 
Bowring,  L.  W.: 

Haidar    Ali    and   Tipu    Sultan,    and 
the  Struggle  with  the  Mussulman 
Powers  of  the  South,  5,  396 
Boy  Crusaders,  The,  25,  823 
Boy  Foresters,  The,  25,  848 
Boy  of  the  First  Empire,  A,  25,  842 
Boy  Soldiers  of  1812,  25,  895 
Boyce,  George: 

Remarkable    History    of    the    Hud- 
son's    Bay     Company,     including 
that    of    the    French    Traders    of 
Northwestern  Canada  and  of  the 
Northwest,  X.  Y.,  and  Astor  Fur 
Companies,  20,  407 
Short     History     of     the     Canadian 
People,   A,  20,  407 
Boyer  of  the  Terrible,  A,  25,  877 
Boyesen,  Hjalmar  Hjorth: 

Essays  on  Scandinavian  Literature, 

16,  348 
Story  of  Norway,  16,  345 
Boyne  Water,  25,  869 
Boynton,  Charles  Brandon: 

History   of   the    Navy    During    the 
Rebellion,   24,   11 14 
Boy's  Odyssey,  The,  25,  824 


Boys,  Henry  Scott: 

Some   Notes   on   Java   and   its   Ad- 
ministration   by    the    Dutch,    20, 
409 
Boys  of  1745,  35,  887 
Boys  of  '61,  24,   1114 
Boys  of  '76,  24,   11  n 
Boys  of  the  Light  Brigade,  25,  865 
Bozman,  John  Leeds: 

History  of  Maryland,  24,   1109 
Brackett,  J.  R.: 

Negro  in  Maryland,  24,  11 12 
Braddon,  Mary  E.: 

In  High  Places,  35,  854 
Infidel,  The,  35,  862 
Ishmael,  35,  843 
London  Pride,  25,  857 
Mohawks,  25,  862 
Bradford,  William: 

History    of    Plymouth    Plantation, 
24,   1 108 
Bradley,  Arthur  Granville: 

Conquest  of  Canada   1744-1761,  20, 

408 
Fight     with      France     for      North 

America,  20,  408,  24,   1107 
Sketches  from  Old  Virginia,  25,  899 
Bradshaw,  John: 

Norway,     Its     Fjords,     Fjelds    and 

Fasses,  16,  348 
Sir  Thomas  Munro  and  the  British 
Settlement  of  the   Madras   Presi- 
dency,  5,  396 
Brady,  Cyrus  Townsend: 

For   the   Freedom   of  the   Sea,   25, 

896 
Hohenzollern,    25,    882 
In  the  War  with  Mexico,  25,  896 
Little  Traitor  to  the  South,  A,  25, 

898 
Quiberon  Touch,  The,  25,  887 
Southerners,  The,  25,  899 
Two  Captains,  The,  25,  864 
Braes  of  Yarrow,  The,  25,  872 
Braine,  Sheila  E.: 

Adventures   of   Humfrey   Chatteris, 

The,  25,  848 
King's  "  Blue  Boys,"  The,  25,  884 
Turkish  Automaton,  The,  25,  878 
Brakespeare;  or,  The   Fortunes  of  a 

Free-Lance,   25,   834 
Brambletye  House,  25,  857 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


917 


Bramston,  M.: 
Banner  of  St.  George,  The,  25,  849 
For  Faith  and   Fatherland,  25,  876 
Shaven  Crown,  The,  25,  845 
Brandt,  Max  von: 
History   of  the   World:    A    Survey 
of  Man's  Record,  7,  332 
Brave  Dame  Mary,  25,  846 
Brave  Little  Holland,  13,  598 
Brave  Men  of  Eyam,  The,  25,  858 
Brave  Resolve,  A,  25,  893 
Bravest  of  the   Brave,  The,   25,  833, 

860 
Bray,  Anna  Eliza: 
De  Foix,  25,  835 
Hartland   Forest,   25,   861 
Protestant,  The,  25,  852 
White  Hoods,  The,  25,  875 
Brazenhead  the  Great,  25,  850 
Breaking  of  the   Storm,  The,  25,  885 
Break-up  of  China,  The,  6,   327 
Breasted,  James   Henry: 

History  of  Egypt  from  the  Earliest 
Times  to   the    Persian    Conquest, 
1,    431,   432 
Breath  of  the  Gods,  The,  25,  833 
Brenda's   Experiment,  25,  832 
Brereton,  F.  S.: 

Foes  of  the  Red   Cockade,  25,  840 
Gallant  Grenadier,  A,  25,  867 
Hero  of  Lucknow,  A,  25,  832 
In  the  King's  Service,  25,  856,  869 
One  of  the  Fighting  Scouts:  a  Tale 
of    Guerilla    Warfare     in     South 
Africa,  25,  886 
Under    the    Spangled    Banner,    25, 
900 
Brethren,  The,  25,  823 
Breton,  Frederick: 

God  save  England!,  25,  849 
True  Heart,  25,  877,  883 
Brewer,  John   Sherren: 

Reign    of    Henry    VIII     from    his 
Accession      to      the      Death      of 
Wolsey,  11,  645,  24,   1 106 
Brian   Fitz-Court,  25,  847 
Bricks  Without  Straw,  25,  899 
Bride  of  Lammermoor,  The,   25,  873 
Bride  of  the  Nile,  The,  25,  821 
Brigand,  The,  25,  836 
Briggs,  J.: 

History  of  the  Rise  of  the  Moham- 
medan Power  in  India,  5,  397 


Brigham,  T.: 

Guatemala,  the   Land  of  the  Quet- 
zal, 22,  515 

Bright,  J.  Franck: 

History  of   England,   II,  645 

Brine,    Lindesay: 
The  Taeping  Rebellion,  6,  325 

Brinkley,  Frank: 

China:      Its      History,     Arts     and 

Literature,  6,  325 
Japan,  7,  331 
Oriental   Series,  7,  331 

Brinton,  Daniel  Garrison: 

American  Race,  The,  24,  1107 

Brinton    Eliot:    from    Yale    to   York- 
town,  25,  893 

Bristol  Diamonds,  25,  864 

British    Colonies,  Their   History,   Ex- 
tent, Conditions,  and  Resources,  5, 

395 

British   Empire,  The,   19,  321 

British   Empire  in   America,  24,   1108 

British  Empire   Series,  20,  403 

British   Honduras,   22,   516 

British   India,  5,  393 

British  India  and  its  Problems,  5,  395 

British     Rule     and     Jurisdiction     Be- 
yond the  Seas,  20,  404 

British    West    Africa,    its    Rise    and 
Progress,  19,  326 

Briton,  E.  Vincent: 
Amyot  Brough,  25,  887 

Brocklehurst,  T.  W.: 
Mexico  To-day,  22,  515 

Brodbeck,  A.: 
Zoroaster,  ein  Beitrag  zur  verglei- 
chenden  Geschichte  der  Religion- 
en   und   philosophischen   Systeme 
des  Morgen-  und  Abendlandes,  I, 

437 
Brodhead,  John  Romeyn: 

History  of  New  York,  24,  1109 
Broehner,  Jessie  H.: 
Danish  Life  in  Town  and  Country, 
16,  348 
Broglie,  Duke  of: 

King's   Secret,  The;   Being  the  Se- 
cret Correspondence  of  Louis  XV 
with  his  Diplomatic  Agents  from 
1752  to  1774,  9,  501 
Broken  Rosary,  A,  25,  839 
Bromby,   Charles  Hamilton: 
Alkibiades,  25,  824 


918 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Bronte,  Charlotte: 
Shirley,  25,  865 
Brooks,  Elbridge  S.: 

Boy  of  the  First  Empire,  A,  25,  842 
In  Blue  and  White,  25,  894 
In  Leisler's  Times,  25,  891 
Master   of  the    Strong   Hearts,   25, 

899 
Son  of  Issachar,  A,  25,  823 
Son  of  the  Revolution,  A,  25,  895 
Broome,  A.: 

History  of  the   Rise  and   Progress 
of  the  Bengal  Army,  5,  394 
Brothers  in  Arms,  25,  847 
Brown,  A.  S.: 
Madeira    and    the    Canary    Islands, 
8,  550 
Brown,  Alexander: 

First  Republic  in  America,  24,  1109 
Genesis    of    the    United    States    of 
America,  24,  1109 
Brown,  J.  C: 

People      of      Finland      in      Archaic 
Times,   16,  348 
Brown,  J.  M.: 

Historical    Review    of   the    Revolu- 
tions of  Portugal,  8,  546 
Political    Beginnings    of    Kentucky, 
The,   24,    mi 
Brown,  John: 

Pilgrim    Fathers   of   New   England, 
The,   24,   1 108 
Brown,  Katharine  Holland: 

Diane,  25,  897 
Brown,  P.  Hume: 

Early    Travellers    in    Scotland,    12, 

382 
Scotland    before     1700    from    Con- 
temporary Documents,    12,   382 
Brown,  Robert: 

Story  of  Africa  and  its   Explorers, 
19,  321 
Brown,  W.  G.: 

Lower  South,  The,  24,   n  12 
Brown:    a   Story   of   Waterloo   Year, 

25,  866 
Brown   of    Mukden:    a    Story   of   the 

Russo-Japanese   War,   25,  833 
Browne,   M.: 

Chaucer's  England,  11,  645 
Browne,  William  Hand: 

George    and    Cecilius    Calvert,    24, 
IIIO 


History  of  Maryland,  24,   1109 
Life  of  Alexander  H.  Stephens,  24, 
1 1 14 
Browning,  Oscar: 

England  and  Napoleon  in  1803,  10, 

509 
Peter  the  Great,  15,  389 
Bruce,  H.: 

Life  of  Oglethorpe,   24,    n  10 
Bruce,  P.  A.: 

Economic    History    of    Virginia    in 
the     Seventeenth     Century,     24, 
1 109 
Bruce,  W.  M.: 

Alaska,  Its  History  and  Resources, 
24,  1 1 14 
Bruce   (Barbour),    12,  383 
Bruce   (Maxwell),    12,   383 
Brugsch,  Heinrich  Carl: 

History   of   Egypt   under   the    Pha- 
raohs, 1,  432 
Brun-Renaud,  C.  G.  N.: 

La   Perse   politique   et    Militaire   au 
XIX.  siecle,  1,  437 
Brunialti,   A.: 

Le  Colonie  degli  Italiani,  19,  321 
Brunnow,  Rudolf  E.: 

Die  Charidschiten  unter  den  ersten 
Omayyaden,  1,  438 
B  run  ton: 

Wallace,  12,  383 
Bruyn,  Theophilo: 

Antologia  Portugueza,  8,  549 
Cancioneiro  Portuguez,  8,  549 
Bryant  and  Gay: 

Popular     History     of    the     United 
States,  24,  1103 
Bryce,  James: 

Constitution  of  the  Commonwealth 

of  Australia,  The,  20,  406 
Holy  Roman  Empire,  18,  455 
Impression    of    South    Africa,    19, 

321,  20,  405 
Two    South    African    Constitutions, 
20,  405 
Bryden,  H.  A.: 

Exiled  Scot,  An,  25,  874,  885 
Buch,  W.  T.  and  Chapman,  A.: 

Wild  Spain,  8,  550 
Buchan,  John: 

John  Burnet  of  Barns,  25,  873 
Lost    Lady   of   Old    Years,    A,   25, 
874 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


919 


Buchanan,  George: 

Rerum  Scoticarum  Historia,  12,  382 
Buchanan,  Robert: 

Shadow  of  the  Sword,  The,  25,  843 
Buckingham,  James  Silk: 

America,   Historical,   Statistical  and 
Descriptive,   24,    11 12 

Slave  States  of  America,  24,  11 12 
Buckland,  C.  E.: 

Dictionary  of  Indian  Biography,  5, 

394 
Buckle,  E.: 
Memoir    of    the     Services     of    the 
Bengal  Artillery,  5,  394 
Buckle,  Henry  Thomas: 

History  of  Civilization,  10,  507 
Buckley,  William: 

Croppies  Lie  Down:  a  Tale  of  1798, 
25,  870 
Budde,  Karl: 

Die  Religion  des  Volkes  Israel  bis 
zur  Verbannung,  I,  439 
Buddhism,  being  a  Sketch  of  the  Life 
and    Teachings    of    Guatama,    the 
Buddha,  5,  399,  400 
Buddhism,    its    History    and    Litera- 
ture, 5,  400 
Buddhist  India,  5,  399 
Budge,  Ernest  A.  Wallis: 

Book  of  the  Dead,  The,  1,  432 
Egypt   from   the   End   of   the   Neo- 
lithic   Period    to    the     Death    of 
Cleopatra   VII,   30    B.    C,   1,   432 
Egypt  in  the  Neolithic  and  Archaic 

Period,  I,  432 
Mummy,  The:   Chapters   on   Egyp- 
tian  Funeral  Archaeology,   1,  432 
Buell,  A.  C: 
Life   of   Sir   William   Johnson,    24, 
1110 
Buenos  Ayres,  la  Pampa  et  la  Pata- 

gonie,  21,  359 
Bug-Jargal,  25,  889 
Buhler,  J.  G.  and  Kielhorn,  F.: 
Grundriss  der  indo-arischen  philolo- 
gie  und  altertumskunde,  5,  396 
Builders  of  Great  Britain,  20,  405 
Builders  of  the  Waste,  25,  845 
Bulgarian  Horrors  and  the  Question 

of  the  Orient,  14,  514 
Bulle,  C: 
Geschichte  der   Neuesten  Zeit,   17, 
467 


Bullock,  C.  J.: 

Essays    on    the    Monetary    History 

of  the  United  States,  24,  1109 
Financial    History    of    the    Revolu- 
tion, 24,   1 1 10 
Secret   Service   of   the   Confederate 
States  in  Europe,  24,   1114 
Bulwer,  Sir  Henry  Lytton  and  Ash- 
ley, E.: 
Life    of   Viscount    Palmerston,    11, 

645 
Bungener,  Louis  Felix: 

Preacher   and    the    King,    The,    25, 
838 
Bunsen,  Baron  Christian  Karl  Josias 

von: 

Egypt's    Place    in    Universal    His- 
tory, I,  432 
Buondelmonte's  Saga,  25,  827 
Burch,  H.  E.: 

Wind  and  Wave,  25,  876 
Burchell,  S.  H.: 

Daniel  Herrick,  25,  858 

Duke's  Servants,  The,  25,  854 

In    the    Days    of    King    James,    25, 

854 
My  Lady  of  the  Bass,  25,  859 
Burckhardt,   Johann: 

Die     Kultur     der     Renaissance     in 
Italien,  4,  420 
Burgess,  J.  Haldane: 

Treasure  of  Don  Andres,  The,  25, 
872 
Burgess,  J.  W.: 

Battles  and  Leaders,  24,  1105,  11 13 
Century  War  Book,  The,  24,   1105, 

1113 
Civil    War    and    the    Constitution, 

The,   24,   1 105,   1 1 13 
Middle  Period,  The,  24,  11 12 
Burgomaster  of  Berlin,  The,  25,  883 
Burgomaster's  Wife,  The,  25,  876 
Burke,  Edmund: 
Account  of  English  Settlements  in 
America,  24,  1108 
Burke,   Edmund,  24,   nil 
Burke,  John   Doly: 

History  of  Virginia,   24,   1109 
Burke,  Ulick  Ralph: 

History  of  Spain  to  the   Death  of 

Ferdinand,  8,  545 
Life  of  Benito  Juarez,  22,  515 
Burke:  An  Historical  Study,  II,  648 


920 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Burman,   his   Life  and   Notions,  The, 

5,  400 
Burnaby,   Andrew: 

Travels    through    the    Middle    Set- 
tlements of  North  America,  1759- 
1760,  24,  1 109 
Burnett,  Frances  Hodgson: 
His  Grace  of  Osmonde,  25,  860 
In    Connection    with    the    De    Wil- 

loughby  Claim,  25,  897 
Lady  of  Quality,  A,  25,  860 
Burning  of  Rome,  The,  25,  826 
Burnside,  Ambrose  Everett,  Life  and 

Public  Services  of,  24,  11 14 
Burr,    Aaron,     Conspiracy,    The,    24, 

1 106 
Burton,  J.  Bloundelle: 

Across  the  Salt  Seas,  25,  860 
Clash  of  Arms,  The,  25,  838 
Denounced,  25,  862 
Fortune's   My   Foe,  25,  833 
Gentleman-Adventurer,   A,   25,   860, 

889 
Hispaniola  Plate,  The,  25,  860,  889 
In  the  Day  of  Adversity,  25,  838 
Scourge   of   God,  The,  25,   839 
Servants  of  Sin,  25,  839 
Sword  of  Gideon,  The,  25,  877 
Year  One,  The,  25,  840 
Burton,  John  Hill: 

History  of  Scotland,  from  the   In- 
vasion of  Agricola  to  the  Union, 
12,  382 
Burton,   Richard: 

Personal  narrative  of  a  pilgrimage 
to  El  Medinah  and  Meccah,  1,  438 
Burton,  Richard  Francis: 

Across    the    Rocky    Mountains    to 

California,  24,   11 12 
City  of  Saints,  The,  24,  11 12 
Bury,  John  B.: 

History  of  Greece,  2,  555 
Busch,  Moritz: 

Bismarck    in    the     Franco-German 

War,  9,  501 
Bismarck:    Some    Secret    Pages    of 
his  History,  18,  456 
Busch,  W.: 

England    Under    the    Tudors,    24, 
1 106 
Bushido,  7,  332 

Business    in    Great    Waters,    A,    25, 
864 


Busolt,  Georg: 

Griechische      Geschichte     bis      zur 
Schlacht   bei    Chaeroneia,    2,    555 
Busteed,  H.  E.: 

Echoes   from   Old   Calcutta,   5,   396 
Butler,  General,  in  New  Orleans,  24, 

1114 
Butler,  A.  J.: 

Arab    Conquest   of   Egypt   and   the 
last  Thirty  Years  of  the  Roman 
Dominion,   19,  321 
Butler,  Charles: 

Life  of  Hugo  Grotius,  13,  597 
Butler,  William: 

Mexico  in  Transition,  22,  515 
Butterfield,    Consul   Wiltshire: 

History  of  Brule's  Discoveries  and 
Explorations,    1610-1636,    24,    1108 
By  Allan  Water,  25,  874 
By  Celia's  Arbour,  25,  867 
By  Conduct  and  Courage,  25,  865 
By  Dulvercombe  Water,  25,  859 
By  England's  Aid,  25,  854,  876 
By  Order  of  the  Company,  25,  890 
By  Order  of  the  Czar,  25,  878 
By  Pike  and  Dyke,  25,  876 
By  Right  of  Conquest,  25,  889 
By  Sheer  Pluck,  25,  885 
By  Stroke  of  Sword,  25,  872 
By  the   North   Sea,  25,  860 
By  the   Ramparts   of  Jezreel,  25,  822 
By  Weeping  Cross,  25,  835 
Bynner,    Edwin  Lassetter: 

Agnes  Surriage,  25,  892 

Begum's  Daughter,  The,  25,  891 

Zachary  Phips,  25,  895 
Byrdsall,  F.: 

History  of  the  Loco-foco,  or  Equal 
Rights  Party,  24,   11 12 


Cable,  George  Washington: 
Cavalier,  The,  25,  898 
Creoles  of  Louisiana,  24,  1112 
Dr.   Sevier,  25,  897 
Grandissimes,   The,   25,  895 
John  March,  Southerner,  25,  899 
Old  Creole  Days,  25,  896 

Cabot,  John   and   Sebastian,  24,   1110 

Caddick,  Helen: 

White    Woman    in    Central    Africa, 
A,  19,  324 


AUTHORS    AND    TITLES 


921 


Cadet  Days,  25,  894 
Csedwalla,  25,  845 
Caesar,  Caius  Julius: 

Commentaries    on    the    Gallic    and 
Civil  Wars,  3,  399 
Caesar,  3,  401 
Caesar:  a  Sketch,  3,  401 
Caesar   Borgia,  25,  828 
Caesar's  Conquest  of  Gaul,  3,  400 
Caged  Lion,  The,  25,  871 
Cahan,  A.: 

White    Terror    and    the    Red,    The, 
25,  878 
Cahun,  Leon: 

Blue    Banner,  The,   25,   823 
Caine,  Hall: 

Bondman,  The,  25,  864,  881 

Deemster,  The,  25,  863 

Shadow   of  a    Crime,   The,   25,   857 
Caine,  O.  V.: 

Face    to    Face   with    Napoleon,   25, 
842,  884 

In  the  Year  of  Waterloo,  25,  842 

Wanderer  and  King,  25,  857 
Calendar  of  Documents,  12,  382 
Calendar  of  State  Papers   relating  to 

Scotland,  12,  382 
California    and    Oregon    Trail,    The, 

24,   1112 
California     Pastoral,     1769-1848,     20, 

401 
Caliphate,  its  Rise,  Decline,  and  Fall, 

The,  1,  438 
Callahan,  J.  M.: 

Diplomatic   History   of   the    South- 
ern Confederacy,  24,  1106 
Callaway,  H.: 

Nursery  Tales,  Traditions  and  His- 
tories of  Zulus,  19,  325 

Religious   System   of  the   Amazulu, 

19,  325 
Callwell,  J.  M.: 

Champion  of  the  Faith,  A,  25,  850 
Calvert,     George     and     Cecilius,     24, 

mo 
Calvert  of  Strathore,  25,  840 
Cambria's   Chieftain,   25,  850,  868 
Cambridge   Modern   History,  21,  358, 

24,   1 103 
Cambridge,  Richard  Owen: 

Account   of  the   War   in   India   be- 
tween    the      English      and      the 


French    on .  the    coast    of    Coro- 
mandel,  1750-1760,  5,  396 
Cameron,    Verney   Lovett: 

Across  Africa,   19,  325 
Camoens,  Luiz  de: 

Os  Lusiadas,  5,  396 
Camp  of  Refuge,  The,  25,  846 
Camp  on  the  Severn,  The,  25,  845 
Campaign  in  Kabylia,  A,  25,  843 
Campaign   of  Burgoyne  and  the   Ex- 
pedition of  St.  Leger,  The,  24,  11 10 
Campaign   of   1815,   The,   10,   509 
Campaign   of  Marengo,  The,  10,  510 
Campaign  of  Waterloo,  The,  10,  509 
Campaigning    in     South    Africa    and 

Egypt,    19,   326 
Campaigns  of  the  Civil  War,  24,  11 14 
Campbell: 

Mediaeval    Scotland,    1093-1513,    12, 
383 
Campbell,  Charles: 

History  of  the  Colony  and  Ancient 
Dominion  of  Virginia,  24,  1109 

Puritan    in    England,    Holland    and 
America,  The,  24,   1106 
Campbell,  Rean: 

Complete     Guide     and     Descriptive 
Book  of  Mexico,  22,  515 
Canada  under  British  Rule,  1760-1900, 

20,  407 
Canadians  of  Old,  25,   886 
Canavan,  Michael  Joseph: 

Ben   Comee,  25,  892 
Cancioneiro   Portuguez,  8,  549 
Canini,  I.  E.: 

Four  Centuries  of  Spanish  Rule  in 
Cuba,  22,  517 
Cantemir,  Paul  Demetrius: 

History  of  the  Growth  and   Decay 
of  the    Othman    Empire,    14,    513 
Cantu,  Cesare: 

Delia  Indipendenza  Italiana,  4,  421 

Histoire  des  Italiens,  4,  419 

Margherita  Pusteria,  25,  828 
Caoba,  the  Guerilla  Chief,  25,  889 
Capes,  Bernard: 

Adventures    of    the    Comte    de    la 
Muette,  25,  841 

Castle  in  Spain,  A,  25,  841 

Extraordinary    Confessions    of    Di- 
ana   Please,   The,   25,   864 

Our  Lady  of  Darkness,  25,  841 


922 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Cap'n  Nat's  Treasure,  25,  863 

Captain,  The,  25,  898 

Captain  Fortune,  25,  855 

Captain   Fracasse,  25,  837 

Captain  Jacobus,  25,  857 

Captain  of  the  Guard,  The,  25,  871 

Captain  of  the  Janizaries,  25,  879 

Captain  of  the  Wight,  The,  25,  851 

Captain  Ravenshaw,  25,  854 

Captain  Satan,  25,  838 

Captain     Sir     Richard     Burton:     His 

Early,  Private  and  Public  Life,  19, 

325 
Captain's  Daughter,  The,  25,  879 
Captive  of  the  Roman  Eagles,  A,  25, 

827 
Caracter  de  la  conquista  Espahola  en 

America    y    en    Mexico    segun    los 

textos    de   los    historiadores    primi- 

tivos,  21,  358 
Cardigan,  25,  892 
Cardinal   and   his   Conscience,   A,   25, 

836 
Cardinal  Pole,  25,  852 
Cardinal's    Page,    The,    25,    850,    881, 

883 
Cardinal's   Pawn,   The,  25,  829 
Carew  Papers,   12,  381 
Carey,  Wymond: 

For  the  White  Rose,  25,  861 

Monsieur  Martin,  25,  861,  880 

"No.   101,"  25,  839 
Carleton,  William: 

Redmond,     Count     O'Hanlon,     the 
Irish  Rapparee,  25,  869 

Willie  Reilly  and  his  Dear  Colleen 
Bawn,  25,  869 
Carlson,     Frederick     Ferdinand     and 

Geijer,  E.  J.: 

Geschichte  Schwedens,   16,  346 
Carlyle,  Thomas: 

French  Revolution,  The,  9,  496,  10, 

507 
History     of     Friedrich     II,     called 
Frederick  the  Great,  18,  456 
Carpenter,  Frank  G.: 

South    America:    Social,    Industrial, 
and  Political,  21,  360 
Carpenter,  W.  Boyd: 
Narcissus,   25,  825 
Carr,  M.  E.: 

Love  and  Honour,  25,  842,  884 


Carrington,   H.  B.: 

Battles  of  the  American  Revolution, 
24,  1 1 10 
Carson,  H.  L.: 

History  of  the   Supreme   Court   of 
the  United  States,  24,  1105 
Carte: 

History  of  the  Dukes   of  Ormond, 
12,   381 
Carthage    and    the    Carthagenians,   3, 

401 
Cartier  to   Frontenac,  24,    1108 
Carved  Cartoon,  The,  25,  858 
Cary,  E.: 

George  William   Curtis,   24,    11 14 
Case  of  Ireland,  12,  382 
Casket  Letters    (Gardiner),   12,  383 
Casket  Letters   (Henderson),   12,  383 
Cassique  of  Kiawah,  The,  25,  891 
Cassius     Dio's     Roman     History,     3, 

399 
Castilian  Days,  8,  550 
Castle,  Agnes  and   Egerton: 

Bath  Comedy,  The,  25,  862 

French    Nan,   25,   862 

Incomparable  Bellairs,  25,  862 

Pride  of  Jennico,  The,  25,  881 
Castle,  Egerton: 

Light  of  Scarthey,  The,  25,  866 
Castle  Daly,  25,  870 
Castle  Dangerous,  25,  871 
Castle  in  Spain,  A,  25,  841 
Castle   Inn,  The,   25,   863 
Castle  Meadow,  25,  863 
Castle  of  Ehrenstein,  The,  25,  882 
Castle   of  the   White    Flag,    The,   25, 

844 
Castle  of  Twilight,  The,  25,  835 
Castle  Omeragh,  25,  869 
Castle   Rackrent,  23,  869 
Castle   Richmond,  25,  870 
Castlereagh,  Lord: 

Correspondence,  10,  509 
Catherine    de'    Medici,   The    Girlhood 

of,  25,  828 
Catherine  Douglas,  25,  871 
Catherwood,  Mary  Hartwell: 

Chase  of  St.  Castin,  The,  25,  887 

Days  of  Jeanne  d'Arc,  25,  835 

Lady   of    Fort    St.    John,   The,   25. 
886 

Lazarre,  25,  841,  895 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


923 


Old   Kaskaskia,  25,  887 

Romance  of  Dollard,  The,  25,  886 

Spanish   Peggy,  25,  896 

Story  of  Tonty,  The,  25,  887 

White  Islander,  The,  25,  886 
Catiline,  Clodius  and  Tiberius,  3,  401 
Catlin,  George: 

Manners,     Customs,     etc.,     of     the 
American  Indians,  25,  1107 
Catriona,   25,   874 
Catterall,  R.  H.  C: 

United  States   Bank,  The,  24,   1106 
Causes  of  the  Revolution,  24,  1110 
Cavalcaselle,    Giovanni    Battista    and 

Crowe,  Joseph  Archer: 

New  History  of  Painting  in  Italy, 
A,  4,  421 
Cavalier,  The,  25,  898 
Cavalier  Stronghold,  A,  25,  856 
Cavaliers,  The,  25,  856 
Cavaliers  and  Roundheads,  25,  856 
Cavallius,  H.,  and  Stephens,  George: 

Old    Norse    Fairy    Tales,    gathered 
from   the   Swedish    Folk,    16,   349 
Cavour,  Count  Camillo  Benso: 

Lettere   Edite  ed   Inedite,   Raccolte 
ed  Illustrate  da  S.  Chiala,  4,  421 
Cawnpore,  5,  400 

Ce  que  l'lnde  doit  a  la  Grece,  5,  397 
Cease  Fire,  25,  885 
Celtic   Britain,  11,  648 
Celtic    Scotland,    12,    382 
Central  and  South  America  and  West 

Indies,  22,  516 
Century  of  American  Diplomacy,  A, 

24,  1 105 
Century    War    Book,    The,    24,    1105, 

1113 
Cerise,  25,   839 
Cervantes  Saavedra,  Miguel  de: 

Don    Quixote    de    la    Mancha,    25, 

833 
Cesnola,  Louis  Palmadi: 

Cyprus,  Its  Ancient  Cities,  Tombs, 
and  Temples,  1,  436 
Cevallos : 

Resumen   de   la   historia   del   Ecua- 
dor, 21,  360 
Chadsey,  C.  D.: 
Struggle   Between   President   John- 
son   and    Congress    over    Recon- 
struction, 24,  1 1 14 


Chadwick,  E.  M.: 
People   of   the   Long   House,   The, 
24,   1 107 
Chailley,  Bert  P.: 

La  Tanisie  et  la  Colonisation  Fran- 
caise,   19,   321 
Chaldean   Magic:   Origin   and   Devel- 
opment,  1,  434 
Chaldean  Magician,  The,  25,  826 
Challenge  of  Barletta,  The,  25,  828 
Chalmers,  George: 

History  of  the  Revolt  of  the  Ameri- 
can   Colonies,    24,    11O8 
Opinions    of    Eminent    Lawyers   on 
Various   Points  of  English  Juris- 
prudence, Chiefly  Concerning  the 
Colonies,     Fisheries     and     Com- 
merce  of   Great   Britain,    20,   404 
Political     Annals     of     the     Present 
United   Colonies,  24,  1108 
Chamberlain,  B.  H.: 

Hand-book  of  Colloquial  Japanese, 

7,  333 
Moji-no-Shirube,  a  Practical   Intro- 
duction    to     the     Study     of     the 
Japanese  Writing,  7,  S33 
Simplified    Grammar    of    the    Japa- 
nese Language,  A,  7,  333 
Things  Japanese,   7,   331 
Chamberlain,  N.  A.: 

Samuel   Sewall  and  the   World   He 
Lived   In,   24,    1110 
Chambers,  Robert  W.: 

Ashes   of   Empire,   25,  844 
Cardigan,    25,    892 
Lorraine,  25,  843 
Maid-at-Arms,   The,   25,   892 
Maids  of  Paradise,  The,  25,  843 
Reckoning,  The,  25,  894 
Red   Republic,  The:  a  Romance  of 
the  Commune,  25,  844 
Chamounix  and  the  Range  of  Mount 

Blanc,  13,  600 
Champion  of  the  Faith,  A,  25,  850 
Champollion,  Jean  Frangois: 
Description  de  l'Egypte,  1,  432 
Monuments    de    l'Egypte    et    de    la 
Nubie,   1,  432 
Chandra  Shekhar,  25,  831 
Channing  and  Hart: 

Guide    to    American    History,    24, 
1 103 


924 


THE    HISTORY   OF    NATIONS 


Channing,   Edward: 
Navigation  Laws,  24,   mo 
Student's    History    of    the    United 
States,  24,  1 104,  1 108 

Chantry   Priest    of   Barnet,    The,    25, 

8Si    * 
Chaplain  of  the  Fleet,  The,  25,  862 
Chaplet  of  Pearls,  The,  25,  836 
Chapman,  Abel: 

Wild   Norway,   16,  348 
Wild  Spain,  8,  550 
Chapman,  B.: 

Gustavus  Adolphus  and  the  Thirty 
Years  War,  16,  345 
Chapman,  T.  J.: 

French    in    the    Allegheny    Valley, 
The,  24,   1 108 
Chapters  from  the  Religious  History 

of  Spain,  24,   1106 
Chapters  on  the  Law  Relating  to  the 

Colonies,  20,  405 
Charicles,  25,  824 
Charles,  Elizabeth: 
Annals    of    an    Anglo-Saxon    Fam- 
ily, 25,  846 
Chronicles  of  the   Schonberg-Cotta 

Family,  25,  883 
Conquering    and    To    Conquer,    25, 

827 
Diary  of  Mrs.  Kitty  Trevelyan,  25, 

862 
Draytons  and  the  Davenants,  The, 

25,  856 
Joan  the   Maid,  25,  835 
Lapsed,  but  Not  Lost,  25,  826 
On    Both    Sides    of    the    Sea,    25, 

856 
Sketches  of  Christian  Life  in  Eng- 
land in  the  Olden  Time,  25,  845 
Victory    of    the    Vanquished,    The, 
25,  826 
Charles  O'Malley,  25,  865,  870 
Charles  the  Great,  9,  497 
Charles  XII  and  the  Collapse  of  the 

Swedish  Empire,  16,  345 
Charme,  P.  de: 

Campagnies   et  Societes   Coloniales 

Allemandes,  19,  321 
Der     deutsche     Export     nach     den 
Tropen,  19,  321 
Char  nay,  Desire: 
Ancient  Cities  of  the  New  World, 
22,  516 


Chase,  B.  G.: 

Lowndes    of    South    Carolina,    24, 
1113 
Chase,  L.  B.: 

History  of  the  Polk  Administration, 

24,  1112 

Chase  of  Saint  Castin,  The,  25,  887 
Chase,  Samuel  Portland,  24,  11 14 
Chatrian,  A.,  and  Erckmann,  E.: 

Blockade,  The,  25,  842 

Campaign  in  Kabylia,  A,  25,  843 

Conscript,  The,  25,  842 

Madame   Therese;   or,  The   Volun- 
teers of  '92,  25,  840 

Man  of  the  People,  A,  25,  843 

Story  of  a  Peasant,  The,  25,  840 

Story   of   the    Plebiscite,    The,    25, 

843 

Waterloo,  25,  843 

Year  One,  25,  840 
Chatterjee,     Rai     Bahadoor     Bankim 

Chandra: 

Chandra  Shekhar,  25,  831 
Chaucer's  England,  11,  645 
Cheap-Jack  Zita,  25,  866 
Cherry  and  Violet,  25,  858 
Cherry  Ribband,  The,  25,  873 
Cheseny,  C: 

Waterloo  Lectures,  10,  509 
Chesney,  Francis  Rawdon: 

Russo-Turkish     Campaigns,      1828- 
1829,  The,  14,  5 13 
Chesney,  Sir  George: 

Indian  Polity,  a  View  of  the  Sys- 
tem  of   Administration   in    India, 

5,  394 

Chesney,  Sir  George  Tomkyns: 
Dilemma,  The,  25,  831 
True  Reformer,  A,  25,  832 

Chetwode,  R.  D.: 
John  of  Strathbourne,  25,  836 
Knight  of  the  Golden   Chain,  The, 

25,  847 

Lord    of   Lowedale,    The,    25,    837, 
878 
Chevalier,  Michel: 

Le  Mexique  ancien  et  moderne,  22, 
5i6 
Chevalier  d'Auriac,  The,  25,  837 
Chevalier  de   Maison-Rouge,   25,  840 
Chevalier  d'Harmental,  Le,  25,  839 
Chevalier  of  the  Splendid  Crest,  The, 

25,  871 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


925 


Cheyne,  Thomas  K.: 

Encyclopaedia   Biblica,  I,  439 
Cheyney,   Edward  Potts: 

European  Background  of  American 
History,    1300-1600,   5,   396 
Childers,  Robert  Caesar: 

Dictionary  of  Pali  Language,  5,  396 
Children  of  Tempest,  25,  875 
Children    of    the    New    Forest,    The, 

25,  856 
Children  of  Wrath,  25,  891 
Chili  et  Chiliens,  21,  360 
China,  6,  328 
China:   Her   History,  Diplomacy  and 

Commerce,   6,  325 
China  in   Convulsion,  6,  326 
China  in   Decay,  6,  326 
China  in  Law  and  Commerce,  6,  328 
China  in  Transformation,  6,  328 
China:   Its   History,   Arts   and   Liter- 
ature,   6,    325 
China:  Its  State  and  Prospects,  6,  329 
China  Past  and  Present,  6,  325 
China,    the    Long-Lived     Empire,    6, 

329 
China:  Travels  and   Investigations  in 

the   Middle  Kingdom,   6,  329 
China  under  the  Search  Light,  6,  326 
Chinaman,   John,    6,   329 
China-Japan  War  of  1894-1895,  6,  325 
China's   Open   Door,   6,  326 
China's  Relations  with  the  West,  20, 

411 
Chinese   and   Their    Rebellions,    The, 

6,  326 
Chinese  Boy  and  Girl,  The,  6,  327 
Chinese   Characteristics,   6,  329 
Chinese  Heroes,  6,  326 
Chinese    Mother    Goose    Rhymes,    6, 

327 
Chinese  Porcelain,  6,  328 
Chinese,  The:  Their  Education,   Phi- 
losophy, and   Letters,  6,  327 
Chipiez,  Charles,  and  Perrot,  Georges : 

History   of  Art  in   Ancient    Egypt, 

I.  433 
History    of    Art    in    Chaldsea    and 

Assyria,  1,  435 
History  of  Art  in  Persia,  1,  438 
History    of    Art    in    Phoenicia    and 

its  Dependencies,  1,  436 
History  of  Art  in    Phrygia,    Lydia, 

Caria,  and  Lycia,  1,  437 


Choir  Invisible,  The,  25,  895 
Choiseul-Gouffier,  Comtesse  de: 

Historical     Memoirs     of    the     Em- 
peror Alexander  I,  15,  389 
Chomley,  C.  H.,  and  Outhwaite,  R.  L.: 

Wisdom  of  Esau,  The,  25,  888 
Chouans,  The,  25,  841 
Choublier,  M.: 

La  Question  d'  Orient,  14,  514 
Chris  Cunningham,  25,  864 
Christian  Recovery  of  Spain,  The,  8, 

548 
Christie  Carew,  25,  871 
Christina,   Queen  of  Sweden,   16,  345 
Christopher   Columbus    (Adams),   24, 

1 107 
Christopher  Columbus  (Harrisse),  24, 

1 107 
Christopher     Columbus      (Thatcher), 

24,  1 107 

Chronica    General,   8,   546 
Chronica   gentis   Scotorum,   12,   382 
Chronicle  of  Picts  and  Scots,  12,  382 
Chronicle  of  the  Cid,  8,  548 
Chronicle  of  the  Reign  of  Charles  IX, 

25,  836 

Chronicles    (Froissart),  9,  501 
Chronicles    (Holinshead),    12,    381 
Chronicles  of  Glenbuckie,  5,  875 
Chronicles   of   the    Conquest   of    Gra- 
nada, 25,  833 
Chronicles  of  the   Crusades,  9,   501 
Chronicles     of    the     Schonberg-Cotta 

Family,  25,  883 
Chuquet,  A.: 

Les   guerres   de  la   Revolution,   10, 
508 
Church,  Alfred  John: 

Burning  of  Rome,  The,  25,  826 
Chantry  Priest  of  Barnet,  The,  25, 

851 
Count    of    the    Saxon    Shore,    The, 

25,  84S 
Crown  of  Pine,  The,  25,  825 
Hammer,  The,  25,  822 
Heroes   of   Chivalry  and   Romance, 

25,  844 
Lords  of  the  World,  25,  825 
Roman  Life  in  the  Days  of  Cicero: 

Sketches  drawn  from  his  Letters 

and  Speeches,  3,  402 
Stories    of     Charlemagne    and    the 

Twelve  Peers  of  France,  25,  834 


926 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Story  of  Carthage,  3,  400 

Story  of  the  Odyssey,  The,  25,  824 

To  the  Lions,  25,  826 

Two  Thousand  Years  Ago,  25,  825 

With  the  King  at  Oxford,  25,  855 

Young  Macedonian,  A,  25,  824 

Church,  S.  H.: 

John   Marmaduke,   25,   869 
Penruddock   of  the   White    Lambs, 
35,  857 

Church  and  State  in  New  England, 
24,   1 109 

Church  in  Spain,  The,  8,  548 

Churchill,  Lord  Randolph  Spencer: 
Men,   Mines  and  Animals  in  South 
Africa,  19,  325 

Churchill,  Winston  Spencer: 
Crisis,  The,  25,  897 
Crossing,  The,  25,  894 
Richard   Carvel,  25,  894 
River  War,  The,  19,  321 

Cicero,  Marcus  Tullius: 
Letters  of  Cicero,  3,  399 
Select  Orations  of  Cicero,  3,  399 

Cicero  and  his  Friends,  3,  401 

Cicero  and  the  Fall  of  the  Roman 
Republic,  3,  401 

Cinq-Mars,  25,  837 

Cinquante  Annees  de  1'  Histoire 
Federate  de  1'  Allemagne.  fitude 
historique    et   politique,    18,    456 

Cities  and  Bishoprics  in  Phrygia, 
The,  1,  437 

Cities  and  Sights  of  Spain,  8,  550 

Cities  of  India,  5,  395 

Citizen  of  India,  5,  394 

Citoyenne  Jacqueline,  25,   841 

City  and   the   Castle,  The,   25,  877 

City  of  Saints,  The,  24,  11 12 

City-State  of  the  Greeks  and  Ro- 
mans, The,  3,  400 

Civil  and  Political  History  of  New 
Jersey,  A,  24,  1109 

Civil  History  of  the  Government  of 
the  Confederate  States  with  Some 
Personal  Reminiscences,  24,   1114 

Civil  Law  in  Spain  and  Spanish 
America,  The,  20,  403,  21,  361 

Civil  War,  The,  24,  11 13 

Civil  War  and  Reconstructien  in  Ala- 
bama, 24,  1 1 14 

Civil  War  and  the  Constitution,  The, 
34,   1 1 13 


Civil  Wars  and  Monarchy  in  France, 

9,  498 
Civilization  in  Congoland,  19,  325 
Civilization    of    Sweden    in    Heathen 

Times,  16,  346 
Civilized  Nations,   22,  515 
Clansman,  The,  25,  899 
Clara  Hopgood,  25,  830 
Clare,  Austin: 

Carved  Cartoon,  The,  25,  858 

Court   Cards:  chiefly  the  Knave  of 
Hearts,  25,  854 
Clare   Avery,   25,  854 
Clarence,  25,  899 
Clark,  Alfred: 

Woe  to  the  Conquered,  25,  825 
Clark,  Imogen: 

Dominie's   Garden,  The,  25,  892 
Clark,  William  J.: 

Commercial   Cuba,   22,   517 
Clarke,  Sir  George  .Sydenham: 

China-Japan   War   of    1894-1895,   6, 

325 

Russian  Sea  Power,  15,  389 
Clarke,  H.  Butler: 

Spanish  Literature:  An  Elementary 
Handbook,   8,   549 
Clarke,   Mrs.   Henry: 

In  Jacobite  Days,  25,  859 

Trusty  Rebel,  A,  25,  851 
Clarke,  James  Freeman: 

Confucius  and  the  Chinese  Classics, 
6,  327 

Ten  Great  Religions,  6,  327 
Clarke,   Marcus   A.   H.: 

For  the  Term  of  His  Natural  Life, 
25,  888 
Clarke,   Mrs,  S.   M.  S.: 

Duke's  Page,  The,  25,  883 
Clarke,  W.  J.: 

History  of   Rome   and  the   Roman 
People,  3,  399 
Clarkson,   Thomas: 

Memoir  of  William  Penn,  24,   1110 
Clash  of  Arms,  The,  25,  838 
Classic   Myths,   2,  558 
Claude   the   Colporteur,   25,   884 
Claybornes,   The,   25,   898 
Cleeve,  Lucas: 

Free  Soil,  Free  Soul,  25,  892 

Our  Lady  of  Beauty,  25,  835 
Cleland,  Robert: 

Inchbracken,  25,  875 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


927 


Clement,  E.  W.: 

Hand-book  of  Modern  Japan,  7,  331 
Clement  Lorimer;  or,  The  Book  with 

the  Iron  Clasps,  25,  867 
Clementina,  25,  861,  879 
Cleopatra,   25,   821 
Clerk  of  Oxford,  A,  25,  848 
Cliff    Dwellers    of    the    Mesa    Verde, 

Southwest  Colorado,  The,  24,   1107 
Cloister    and    the    Hearth,    The,    25, 

828,  835,  876,  883 
Cloister  Life  of  the  Emperor  Charles 

V,  The,   18,  459 
Cloistering  of  Ursula,  The,  25,  828 
Club  of  the  Jacobines,  The,  9,  496 
Coast  of  Freedom,  The,  25,  891 
Cobb,  J.: 

Workman  and  Soldier,  25,  844 
Cobb,  S.  H.: 

Rise  of  Religious  Liberty  in  Amer- 
ica, 24,  1 106,  1 109 
Cobban,  James   MacLaren: 

Angel    of   the    Covenant,    The,    25, 
856,  872 

Cease  Fire,  25,  885 
Code  of  Hammurabi,   King  of  Baby- 
lon, about  2250  B.  C,  The,  1,  434 
Coffin,   Charles   Carleton: 

Boys  of  '61,  24,  1 1 14 

Boys  of  '76,  24,   11 1 1 

Daughters    of    the    Revolution    and 
their  Times,   25,   893 

Drum  Beat  of  the  Nation,  24,  1114 

Old    Times    in    the    Colonies,    24, 
1 109 
Coffin,  Victor: 

Quebec  Act,  The,  24,  11 10 
Coleccion     de     libros     y    documentos 

referentes   a   la   historia   de   Ameri- 
ca, 21,  358 
Coleccion  nueva  de  documentos  para 

la  historia  de  Mejico,  22,  516 
Collection  of  Treaties,   Engagements, 

Sunnuds     .     .     .     relating    to    India 

and   Neighboring   Countries,   5,   394 
Coleman,  Ann  Mary: 

Life  of  John  J.  Crittenden,  24,  1113 
Coleridge,   Gilbert   and   Marion: 

Jan  van  El'selo,  25,  876 
Coleridge,  M.  E.: 

Fiery  Dawn,  The,  25,  843 

King    with    Two    Faces,    The,    25, 
881 


Collado,  M.  Danvila: 
El  Poder  Civil  en  Espafia,  546 

Collignon,   Maxime: 

Histoire  de  la  sculpture  grecque,  2, 
557 

Collingwood,  W.  G.: 
Thorstein  of  the   Mere:  a  Saga  of 
the    Northmen    in    Lakeland,   25, 
846 

Collins,  Wilkie: 
Antonina,  25,  827 

Colloquies  of  Edward  Osborne,  25, 
852 

Colonial  Civil  Service:  The  Selection 
and  Training  of  Colonial  Officials 
in  Holland,  England  and  France, 
20,  398 

Colonial  Era,  The,  24,  1108,  1109 

Colonial    France,   20,  408 

Colonial  Government:  An  introduc- 
tion to  the  Study  of  Colonial  In- 
stitutions,  20,   399 

Colonial  King  of  Spain;  The  War  of 
Independence     in     the     South,     20, 
402 

Colonial  Life  in  New  Hampshire,  24, 
1 109 

Colonial   Office  List,  20,  404 

Colonials,  The,  25,  893 

Colonies,  The,  24,  1108 

Colonization  of  Africa,  The,  8,  547 

Colossus,  The,  25,  886 

Colquhoun,  Archibald  Ross: 

China  in   Transformation,    6,    328 
Key  of  the  Pacific  —  the  Nicaragua 

Canal,  The,  22,  516 
Matabeleland:    the    War    and     our 
Position  in  South  Africa,  19,  321 
Overland  to  China,  6,  328 

Colquhoun,  J.  A.  S.: 

With     the     Kurram     Field     Force, 
1878-1879,   5,   396 

Columbia,  25,  890 

Colvin,   Sir  Auckland: 
John  Russell  Colvin,  the  last  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor   of    the     North- 
west under  the  Company,  5,  396 

Coming  of  Cuculain,  The:  a  Romance 
of   Ireland,  25,  868 

Coming  of  the  Friars  and  other  His- 
toric  Essays,   11,  647 

Coming  of  the  Preachers,  The,  25, 
862 


928 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Commander  of  the  Hirondelle,  The, 
25,  864 

Commentaries  of  Sir  Pantaleone,  25, 
829 

Commentaries  on  the  Constitution  of 
the  Empire  of  Japan,  7,  333 

Commerce  and  Navigation  of  the 
Erythrean  Sea,  The,  5,  398 

Commercial   Cuba,  22,  517 

Commercial  Policy  of  England  To- 
ward the  American  Colonies,  The, 
20,  403,  24,  1 1 10 

Commercial  Relations  between  Eng- 
land and   Ireland,   12,   381 

Commercial  Relations  of  the  United 
States  with  the  Far  East,  20,  411 

Commercial    Restraints,    12,   382 

Commines,  Philippe  de: 
Memoirs,  9,  501 

Commonwealth  of  Australia  —  Parlia- 
ment, Acts  .  .  .  passed  .  .  . 
in  the  .  .  .  first  and  second 
sessions  of  the  first  parliament, 
20,  406 

Commune,  The,  25,  844 

Compagnies  et  Societes  Coloniales 
Allemandes,   19,   321 

Companions  of  Jehu,  The,  25,  821, 
841 

Company  of  Death,  The,  25,  829 

Compendium  of  Geography  and 
Travel,   19,  322 

Complete  Guide  and  Descriptive 
Book  of  Mexico,  22,  515 

Complete  History  of  Connecticut,  24, 
1 108 

Comprehensive  History  of  India, 
Civil,  Military,  and  Social,  5,  393 

Comptes  rendues  de  la  session  1895, 
20,  398 

Compton,  H.: 

Indian  Life  in  Town  and  Country, 

5,  395 
Compton,   Herbert  E.: 

Free  Lance  in  a  Far  Land,  A,  25, 

831 
Inimitable   Mrs.   Massingham,   The, 

25,  864 
Palace   of  Spies,   The:   an    Episode, 

25,  865 
Queen  can  do  no  Wrong,  The,  25, 

866 


Comrie,  Margaret  S.: 

Key  to  the  Riddle,  The,  25,  829 
Comstock,   Harriet  T.: 

Tower  or  Throne,  25,  853 
Comstock,  Seth  Cook: 

Monsieur   le   Capitaine   Douay,   25, 
876 
Comyn,  Sir  Robert: 

History    of    the    Western    Empire, 
18,  456 
Confederation,  The,  24,  mi 
Confessions  of  a  Thug,  25,  831 
Confucius   and  the   Chinese    Classics, 

6,  327 
Congo,  The,  19,  321 
Congo  and  the  Founding  of  the  Free 

State,  The,  19,  324 
Conjurer's  House,  25,  887 
Conkling,  A.  R.: 

Appleton's    Guide    to    Mexico,    22, 
5i6 
Conkling,  Howard: 

Coronado's     Letter     to     Mendoza, 
1540,  22,  516 

Cortes's    Account    of    the    City    of 
Mexico,  22,  516 

Mexico  and   the   Mexicans,   22,  516 
Connecticut,  24,  1108 
Connell,  F.  Norreys: 

Follies   of   Captain   Daly,   The,   25, 
865 
Connelly,  W.  E.: 

Provisional  Government  of  Nebras- 
ka Territory,  24,  11 12 
Conquering  and  To  Conquer,  25,  827 
Conqueror,   The,  25,  895 
Conquest  of  Britain,  The,   II,  647 
Conquest  of  Canada,   1744-1761,  The, 

20,  408,  24,  1 107 
Conquest  of  Granada,  The,  8,  547 
Conquest   of   New   Mexico   and    Cali- 
fornia,  24,    1 1 12 
Conquest  of  Plassans,  The,  25,  843 
Conrad,  Joseph: 

Nigger  of  the   Narcissus,  The,  25. 
867 

Romance,  25,  866 
Conscience,  Hendrik: 

Fisherman's     Daughter,     The,     25, 

877 
L'Annee    des    Merveilles,    25,    833, 
876 


AUTHORS   AND    TITLES 


929 


Lion  of  Flanders,  The,  25,  875 
Ludovic  and  Gertrude,  25,  876 
Veva;  or,  The  War  of  the  Peasants, 

35,  877 
Year  of  Miracles,  The,  25,  833,  876 

Conscript,  The,  25,  842 

Conspiracy,  25,  889 

Conspiracy  of  Pontiac,  The,  20,  408, 
24,    1 107 

Constable  de   Bourbon,  The,   25,  836 

Constable   of   St.    Nicholas,   The,   25, 

879 
Constable  of  the  Tower,  The,  25,  852 
Constable's  Tower,  The,  25,  849 
Constantinople,    14,    514 
Constitution       and       Reconstruction, 

The,  24,   1 105 
Constitution  and  the  Civil  War,  The, 

24,    1 105 
Constitution  of  the  Commonwealth  of 

Australia,  The,  20,  406 
Constitution     of  the    United     States, 

The,  24,  1111 
Constitution  Suedoise  et  le  Parlemen- 

tarisme  Moderne,  16,  346 
Constitutional  Aspect  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  Dependencies,  20,  411 
Constitutional  Development  of  Japan, 

7,   333  _ 
Constitutional    History    of    England, 

11,  647,  12,  381,  24,  1 106 
Constitutional  History  of  England  in 

its    Origin    and    Development,    11, 

649 
Constitutional     History    of     England 

since  the  Accession  of  George  III, 

11,   648 
Constitutional  History  of  the  Ameri- 
can People,  24,  1 105,  mi 
Constitutional   History  of  the   House 

of  Lords,  24,   1 106 
Constitutional  History  of  the  United 

States   (Curtis),  24,  1105,  nil 
Constitutional  History  of  the  United 

States    (Landon),  24,    1106 
Constitutional  History  of  the  United 

States  (Thorpe),  24,  1105,  1113 
Constitutional  History  of  the  United 

States  (Von  Hoist),  24,  1104 
Constitutions   and    Other    Documents 

Illustrative      of     the      History      of 

France,  9,  500 


Consuelo,  25,  829,  881 

Contemporary  American  Opinion  of 
the   French   Revolution,  9,  497 

Contemporary   France,   9,  497 

Contemporary  Spain  as  Shown  by 
Her  Novelists,  8,  549 

Continuation  of  the  History  of  the 
Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay, 
1748-1765,   24,    1 108 

Contributions  to  the  History  of  the 
Southwestern  Portion  of  the  Unit- 
ed States,  24,  1 107 

Conty,  Dr.: 

Le  Bresil  en  1884,  21,  360 
L'esclavage   au   Bresil,  21,   360 

Conversations  with  M.  Thiers,  M. 
Guizot,  and  Other  Distinguished 
Persons  During  the  Second  Em- 
pire, 9,  502 

Converse,   Florence : 
Long  Will,  25,  849 

Conversion  of  India  from  Pantaenus 
to  the  Present  Time,  A.  D.  193- 
i893,   5,  394 

Conway,    Maurice   Daniel: 
Life  of  Thomas   Paine,   24,    mi 
Omitted   Chapters   of  History  Dis- 
closed in  the  Life  and  Papers  of 
Edmund   Randolph,  24,   1113 
Pine  and    Palm,   25,   897 

Conway,  Sir  William  Martin: 

Alps   from   End   to    End,   The,    13, 

599 
Cook,  George  Oram: 

Roderick   Taliaferro,   25,   889 
Cooke,  Alice  MacGowan,  and  Grace 

MacGowan: 

Return,  25,  893 
Cooke,  John  Esten: 

Bonnybel   Vane,   25,   892 

Fairfax,  25,  892 

Henry  St.  John,  25,  893 

Hilt  to   Hilt,   25,  899 

Leather  Stocking  and  Silk,  25,  892 

Maurice  Mystery,  25,  892 

Mohun,  25,  899 

My  Lady  Pokahontas,  25,  892 

Stories    of  the    Old    Dominion,   25, 
892 

Surry  of  Eagle's  Nest,  25,  892,  898 

Virginia  Bohemians,  25,  892 

Virginia   Comedians,  The,   25,  892 


930 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Cooke,  Philip  St.  George: 

Conquest  of  New  Mexico  and  Cali- 
fornia, 24,   1 1 12 
Cooke,  Rose  Terry: 
Steadfast,  25,  891 
Cooley,  William  Forbes: 
Emmanuel:  the  Story  of  the  Mes- 
siah, 25,  823 
Cooper,   Frank:  see   Simms,  William 

Gilmore 
Cooper,  James  Fenimore: 

Leatherstocking     Romances,     The, 

25,  892 
Lionel  Lincoln,  25,  893 
Mercedes  of  Castile,  25,  833,  890 
Pilot,   The,  25,  894 
Spy,  The,  25,  894 
Wept  of  the  Wish-Ton-Wish,  The, 

25,  891 
Wing-and-Wing;  or,   Le  Feu-follet, 
25,  829 
Coppee,  Henry: 

General  Thomas,  24,  11 14 
History  of  the  Conquest  of  Spain 
by  the  Arab-Moors,  with  a 
Sketch  of  the  Civilization  They 
Achieved  and  Imparted  to  Eu- 
rope, 8,  546 
Copperhead,   The:   and   other   Stories 

of  the  North,  25,  898 
Corbett,  Julian  Strafford: 

Business   in   Great   Waters,   A,   25, 

864 
Drake    and    the    Tudor    Navy,    24, 

1110 
Fall  of  Asgard,  The,  25,  880 
For  God  and  Gold,  25,  853 
Cordier,  Henri: 

Bibliotheca  Sinica,  7,  331 
Barabbas:  a  Dream  of  the  World's 
Tragedy,  25,  823 
Corleone:  a  Sicilian  Story,  25,  830 
Cornaby,   A. : 

China   under   the   Search    Light,   6, 

326 
Crisis  in  China,  The,  6,  326 
Cornaby,  W.  Arthur: 

String  of  Chinese  Peach  Stones,  A, 
6,  327 
Cornell,  W.  M.: 

Life  and   Public   Career  of  Horace 
Greeley,   24,   11 14 


Cornet  of  Horse,  The,  25,  860 
Cornet  Strong  of  Ireton's  Horse,  25, 

855 
Cornford,  L.  Cope: 

Captain  Jacobus,  25,   857 

Last  Buccaneer,  The;  or,  The  Trus- 
tees of  Mrs.  A.,  25,  889 

Master  Beggars,  The,  25,  876 

Sons   of  Adversity,   25,   853 
Cornill,  Carl  Heinrich: 

Einleitung    in    das    alte    Testament, 

I,  439 

Coronado  Expedition,  1540-1542,  The, 

24,  1 107 
Coronado's  Letter  to  Mendoza,   1540, 

22,  516 
Coronation,   25,   850 
Corrageen,   25,  870 
Correspondance      de      Guillaume      d' 

Orange,  13,  597 
Correspondance     de     Marguerite     d' 

Autricte  et  Philippe   II,   13,   597 
Correspondance     de     Marie     Therese 

avec  le  Comte  Merci-Argenteau,  17, 

466 
Correspondence      (Castlereagh),      10, 

509 
Correspondence         (Frederick         the 

Great),   18,  457 
Correspondence    (Motley),    13,    598 
Cortes,      Hernando,      Conqueror      of 

Mexico,  22,   517 
Cortes,  Manuel  Jose: 

Ensayo  sobre  la  historia  de  Bolivia, 

31,  359 

Cortes's  Account  of  the  City  of  Mex- 
ico, 22,  516 
Corwithen,  James: 

History  of  the  Church  of  England, 
24,  1 109 
Cory,  Isaac  Preston: 

Ancient    Fragments    of    Phoenician, 
Chaldean,     Egyptian     and     other 
Writers,   I,  431 
Costa,  B.  F.  de: 

Pre-Columbian  Discovery  of  Amer- 
ica by  the  Northmen,  24,   1108 
Cotton,  Albert  Louis: 

Company  of  Death,  The,  25,  829 
Cotton     Mather    and     Salem    Witch- 
craft, 24,  1 1 10 
Cotton   States  in    1875,  The,  24,   1114 


AUTHORS    AND   TITLES 


931 


Couch,  A.  T.  Quiller: 

Adventures   of    Harry    Revel,    The, 
35,  865 

Blue  Pavilions,  The,  25,  859 

Fort  Amity,  25,  887 

Hetty  Wesley,   25,   862 

Spendid  Spur,  The,  25,  855 
Count  Beust,  17,  468 
Count    Frontenac    and    New    France 

Under  Louis  XIV,  24,  1107 
Count  Hannibal,  25,  836 
Count  of  the  Saxon  Shore,  The,  25, 

845 
Count  Robert  of  Paris,  25,   847,  879 
Countess  Cosel,  The,  25,  879,  884 
Countess    of    Dammartin,     The,     25, 

835 
Countess     of     Rudolstadt,     The,     25, 

829,  881 
Court    Cards:    Chiefly    the    Knave    of 

Hearts,  25,  854 
Court    Life    under    the    Plantagenets, 

25,  847 
Courtship    of    Morrice    Buckler,    The, 

25,  859,  881 
Courtship  of  Sarah,  The,  25,  862 
Cowper,  Edith  E.: 

Viva   Christina,   25,   834 
Cowper,  Frank: 
Caedwalla,  25,  845 
Captain  of  the  Wight,  The,  25,  851 
Island    of    the     English,    The,    25, 
842 
Cox,  Sir  George: 

Greeks   and    the    Persians,    The,    2, 

556 
General   History   of    Greece   to   the 
Death  of  Alexander,  2,  556 
Cox,  Samuel  Sullivan: 

Three  Decades,  24,  11 13 
Coxe,  William: 

History   of   the    House   of   Austria, 

17,  465,  18,  456 
Memoirs  of  the  Kings  of  Spain  of 
the  House  of  Bourbon  from  the 
Accession    of    Philip    V    to    the 
Death  of  Charles  III  (1700-1788), 
8,  546 
Craddock,   Charles  Egbert: 
Spectre  of  Power,  A,  25,  892 
Story    of    Old    Fort    London,    The, 
25,  892 


Cradle  of  the  Confederacy,  24,  n  12 
Craig,  R.  Manifold: 

Weird  of  Silken  Thomas,  The,  25, 
868 
Craigie,   Mrs.: 

School  for  Saints,  The,  25,  834 
Craik,  Dinah  Maria: 

John  Halifax,  Gentleman,  25,  864 
Crake,  A.  D.: 

^Emilius,   25,   826 

Alfgar  the  Dane,  25,  846 

Brian    Fitz-Court,    25,   847 

Camp  on  the  Severn,  The,  25,  845 

Edwy   the    Fair,   25,  846 

Evanus,  25,  827 

House   of  Wallderne,  The,  25,  848 

Last    Abbot    of    Glastonbury,    The, 
25,   852 

Rival  Heirs,  The,  25,  846 
Crane,  Stephen: 

Active  Service,  25,  825,  880 

Red    Badge   of    Courage,    The,    25, 
898 

Wounds  in  the  Rain,  25,  900 
Crawford,  Francis  Marion: 

Corleone:  a  Sicilian  Story,  25,  830 

Don  Orsino,  25,  830 

In  the  Palace  of  the  King,  25,  833 

Marietta:    a    Maid    of    Venice,    25, 
828 

Sant  'Ilario,  25,  830 

Saracinesca,  25,  830 

Zoroaster,  25,  822 
Crawford,  Samuel  Wylie: 

Story  of  Fort  Sumter,  24,   1113 
Crawfurd,  Oswald: 

Portugal,  Old  and  New,  8,  546 

Round  the  Calendar  in  Portugal,  8, 
550 
Crawson  and  Keane: 

Early      English      Chartered      Com- 
panies, 24,  1 106 
Cregy  and   Poictiers,  25,  849 
Creeds   and    Platforms    of    Congrega- 
tionalism, 24,   1 109 
Creighton,  John  N.: 

Narrative    of   the    Siege    and    Cap- 
ture of  Bhurtfore,  5,  396 
Crellin,  H.  N.: 

Romances  of  Seraglio,  25,  879 

Tales  of  the  Caliph,  25,  822 
Creoles  of  Louisina,  24,  11 12 


932 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Crespigny,  Mrs.  Philip  Champion 
de: 

Mischief  of  a  Glove,  The,  25,  853 

Creswick,  Paul: 

Hastings  the   Pirate,  25,  846 

In   Alfred's  Days,  25,  846 

Robin    Hood    and    his    Adventures, 

25,  848 
With  Richard  the  Fearless:  A  Tale 
of  the  Red  Crusade,  25,  847 

Crichton,  25,  837 

Crimson  Sign,  The,  25,  869 

Crimson  Wing,  The,   25,   844 

Crisis,  The,  25,  897 

Crisis  in   China,  The,   6,   326 

Cristina:  a  Romance  of  Italy  in  the 
Olden  Days,  25,  827 

Critical  Period  of  American  History, 
The,  24,   mi 

Critical  Study  of  Nullification,  24, 
1106,  1112 

Critical  Study  of  the  Various  Dates 
Assigned  to  the  Birth  of  Christo- 
pher  Columbus,   21,  358 

Crittenden,  25,  899 

Crockett,  Samuel  Rutherford: 
Banner  of  Blue,  The,  25,  875 
Black  Douglas,  25,  871 
Cherry  Ribband,  The,  25,  873 
Dark  o'  the  Moon,  The,  25,  874 
Firebrand,  The,  25,  834 
Flower  o'  the   Corn,  25,  839 
Grey  Man,  The,  25,  872 
Joan  of  the  Sword-Hand,  25,  883 
Lochinvar,   25,  873 
Men  of  the   Moss-Hags,   The,   25, 

873 
Raiders,  The,  25,  874 
Red  Axe,  The,  25,  884 
Silver  Skull,  The,  25,  830 
Standard   Bearer,  The,  25,  873 

Croffut,  W.  A.: 

Folks  Next  Door,  22,  516 

Croly,  George: 

Salathiel,  the  Immortal:  a  History, 
25,  823 

Cromwell,  11,  648 

Cromwell  and  the  Rule  of  the  Puri- 
tans in  England,  11,  646 

Cromwellian  Settlement  of  Ireland, 
13,  382,  24,    1 106 

Cromwell's  Own,  25,  855 


Crooke,  W.: 

Things     Indian,     being     Discursive 
Notes  on  Various  Subjects   Con- 
nected  with  India,  5,  395 
Croppies  Lie  Down:  a  Tale  of  1798, 

25,  870 
Croppy,   The,  25,  870 
Cross,  A.  L.: 

Anglican  Episcopate  and  the  Amer- 
ican Colonies,  The,  24,  1109 
Cross  of   Pearls,  The,   25,  835 
Cross  River  Natives,  19,  326 
Cross   Triumphant,   The,   25,  823 
Crossing,   The,   25,   894 
Crottie,  Julia  M.: 

Lost  Land,  The,  25,  870 
Crowe,  Eyre  Evans: 

History  of  France,  9,  495 
Crowe,  Joseph  Archer,  and  Cavalca- 

selle,   Giovianni   Battista: 

New   History  of  Painting  in  Italy, 
A,  4,  421 
Crowley,  Mary  C: 

Daughter   of   New    France,    A,    25, 
887 

Heroine  of  the  Strait,  The,  25,  892 
Crown  of  Pine,  The,  25,  825 
Crowned     with     the     Immortals,     25, 

840 
Cruise  of  the  "  Enterprise,"  The,  25, 

895 
Crusade  of  St.  Louis,  9,  501 
Cuba  and  Porto  Rico  with  the  other 

Islands  of  the  West  Indies,  22,  518 
Cuba,   Past  and   Present,  22,  518 
Cuban  and   Porto   Rican    Campaigns, 

The,  22,   518 
Cuban  Expedition,  A,  25,  889 
Cubas: 

Mexico:  Its  Trade,  Industries,  and 
Resources,  22,  516 
Cuinet,  Victor: 

La  Turquie  d'  Asie,  14,  515 
Cuneiform    Inscriptions    of    Western 

Asia,   The,    1,    435 
Cunningham,    Allan : 

Sir   Michael   Scot,   25,  871 
Cunningham,  C.  D.,  and  Adams,  Sir 

F.  O.: 

Swiss   Confederation,   The,   13,   599 
Cunningham,  William: 

Growth    of    English    Industry    and 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


933 


Commerce  during  the   Early  and 
Middle   Ages,   II,   646,   20,   404 

Western    Civilization    in    its    Eco- 
nomic Aspects,  3,  402 
Cunningham,   Lady  Fairlie: 

Little  Saint  of  God,  The,  25,  840 
Currency    and     Banking    in     Massa- 
chusetts  Bay,  24,   1 109 
Curry,  Jabez  Lamar  Monroe: 

History  of  the   Government  of  the 
Confederate  States,  24,  1106,  11 14 

Southern    States    of   the    American 
Union,  The,  24,  1106 
Curtis,  George  Ticknor: 

Constitutional      History      of      the 
United  States,  24,  1105,   1111 

Life  of  Buchanan,  24,  11 12 

Life  of  Daniel  Webster,  24,  n  13 
Curtis,   George  William,   24,    11 14 
Curtis,  William  Elroy: 

Between  the  Andes  and  the  Ocean, 
21,  361 

Denmark,  Norway  and  Sweden,  16, 
348 
Curtius,  Can.  A.  M.: 

Macedonian   Empire,  The,  2,  557 
Curtius,  Ernst: 

History  of  Greece,  2,  555 
Curzon,  George  Nathaniel: 

Persia    and    the    Persian    Question, 

.  5,   401 

Problems  of  the  Far  East,  6,  326 
Cusack: 

Student's  Manual  of  Irish  History, 
12,  381 

Life  of  St.   Patrick,  12,  381 
Cushing,  Caleb: 

Treaty  of  Washington,   24,    1106 
Customs  and  Lore  of  Modern  Greece, 

The,  2,  558 
Customs   of   New    England,   24,    1109 
Cuthell,  E.  C,  and  Foster,  A.  J.: 

Robber    Baron   of    Bedford    Castle, 
The,  25,  848 
Cutts,  E.  L.: 

St.   Cedd's  Cross,  25,  845 

Villa  of  Claudius,  The,  25,  845 
Cycle  of  Cathay,  A,  6,  328 
Cypress,    Its    Ancient    Cities,    Tombs 

and   Temples;   a    Narrative    of   Re- 
searches and  Excavations,  1,  436 
Czajkowski,  Michael: 

Black  Pilgrim,  The,  25,  825,  879 


D 

Dabney,  R.  L.: 

Stonewall  Jackson,  Life  of,  24,  11 14 
Dacraux,  En.: 

Buenos     Ayres,    la     Pampa    et     la 
Patagonie,  21,  359 
Dagger  and  the  Cross,  The,  25,  858 
Dagonet,  the  Jester,  25,  856 
Dahlinger,   C.   W.: 

German  Revolution  of  1849,  18,  456 
Dahlman,    Friedrich    Christoph : 

Geschichte   von   Danemark   bis   zur 
Reformation,    mit    Inbegriff    von 
Norwegen    und   Island,   16,   345 
Dahlmann-Waitz : 

Quellenkunde     der     deutschen     Ge- 
schichte, 17,  465 
Dahn,  Felix: 

Captive   of  the    Roman    Eagles,   A, 

25,  827 
Felicitas,  25,  827,   882 
Scarlet  Banner,  The,  25,  827 
Struggle  for  Rome,  A,  25,  827 
Dai    Nippon,    A    Study    in    National 

Evolution,    7,   332 
Dale,  Mrs.  Hylton: 

Crowned   with   the    Immortals,    25, 
840 
Dall,  William  Healey: 

Tribes  of  the   Extreme   Northwest, 
24,    1 107 
D'Altons  of  Crag,  The,  25,  870 
Daly,    Charles  Patrick: 

Settlement      of      Jews      in      North 
America,    1,   439 
Dana,  Charles  Anderson: 

Recollections  of  the  Civil  War,  24, 
1114 
Dandy,  Richard : 

Sultan  and   His   Subjects,  The,   14, 

515 
Danes    and     Northmen    in     England, 
Scotland  and  Ireland,  The,  16,  347 
Daniel   Deronda,   25,   824 
Daniel  Herrick,  25,  858 
Daniell  and  Forster: 

Life  and  Letters  of  Ogier  de  Bus- 
becq,   14,   514 
Danilevski,  G.  P.: 

Princess  Jarakanova:  a  Dark  Chap- 
ter  of   Russian    History,    25,    878 
Danish  Greenland,  Its  People  and  Its 
Products,   16,  349 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Danish   Life   in   Town   and    Country, 

1 6,  348 
Danton,  9,  496 
Danton  emigre,  10,  508 
Danton  et  les  massacres  de  Septem- 

bre,  10,  508 
Danvers,  F.  C: 

History  of  the  Portuguese  in  In- 
dia, 5,  396,  8,  546 
Report  to  the  Secretary  of  State 
for  India  in  Council  on  the 
Portuguese  Records  relating  to 
the  East  Indies  at  Lisbon  and 
Evora,  5,  396 
Darien;    or,    The    Merchant    Prince, 

25,  860 
Dark  o'  the  Moon,  The,  25,  874 
Darkness  and   Dawn,   25,   826 
Darmesteter,   James: 
Essais  orientaux,   1,  437 
Etudes  iraniennes,  1,  437 
Haurvatat    et    Ameretot,    essai    stir 
la  mythologie  de  TAvesta,  1,  437 
Ormuzd  et  Ahrman,   1,  437 
Zend   Avesta,   in    Sacred    Books   of 
the  East,  1,  437 
Darmesteter,  Madame  James: 

Ballads   of  the   Dauphine,   The,   25, 

835 
Countess   of   Dammartin,   The,    25, 

835 
Mediaeval  Garland,  A,  25,  834 
Philip  the  Leal,  25,  835 
Story  of  Antonio,  The,  25,  827 
True  Story  of  White-Rose  and  the 
Fair    Sibyl,   The,   25,   836 

Darnley,  25,  851 

Das   Leben   des   Feldmarschalls    Gra- 
fen   York  von  Wartenburg,  18,  456 

Das  Leben  Muhammeds,  1,  439 

Das    Nordliche    Mittel-Amerika,    22, 

517 
Das  Stattsrecht  des  Konigreichs  Por- 
tugal, 8,  548 
Das    Zeitalter     der     Revolution,     des 

Kaiserreichs    und    der    Befreiungs- 

Kriege,   17,  467 
Dasent,  Sir  George  Webbe: 

Vikings  of  the  Baltic,  The,  25,  880 
Daudet,  Alphonse: 

Robert  Helmont,  25,  844 
Daudet,  Ernest: 

Rafael,  25,  834 


Daughter  of  France,  A,  25,  887 
Daughter    of    New    France,    A,    25, 

887 
Daughter   of   Peter   the   Great,   The, 

15,  389 
Daughter  of  Strife,  A,  25,  874 
Daughter  of  the  Klephts,  A,  25,  824 
Daughter  of  the  Manse,  A,  25,  875 
Daughter    of    the    Transvaal,    A,    25, 

886 
Daughters     of    the     Revolution     and 

Their  Times,  25,  893 
Dauntless,    25,    855,   869 
Davenport,  Arnold: 

By  the  Ramparts  of  Jezreel,  25,  822 
Davey,  R.: 

Cuba,  Past  and  Present,  22,  518 
David  Alden's  Daughter,  25,  890 
David   Balfour,  25,  874 
Davidson,    Mary   M.: 

Edward  the  Exile,  25,  846 
Davidson,    Thomas: 

Education  of  the  Greek  People,  2, 
558 
Davies,  C.  M.: 

History  of  Holland  and  the  Dutch 
Nation,  15,  597,  24,  1106 
Davies,  G.  S.: 

Gaudentius,    25,    826 

Julian's    Dream,   25,   827 
Davies,  Sir  John: 

Discoverie,   12,  381 
Davis,  A.  McF.: 

Currency   and    Banking    in    Massa- 
chusetts Bay,  24,   1 109 
Davis,  Jefferson: 

Rise   and    Fall    of   the    Confederate 
Government,    24,    1 113 
Davis,  Richard  Harding: 

Cuban  and  Porto  Rican  Campaigns, 
The,  22,  518 
Davis,  William   Stearns: 

Belshazzar:   a  Tale  of  the   Fall   of 
Babylon,   25,   821 

Falaise   of   the    Blessed   Voice,    25, 

834 
Friend  of  Caesar,  A,  25,  825 
Saint    of    Dragon's    Dale,    The:    a 
Fantastic  Tale,  25,  882 
Dawkins,  William  Boyd: 

Early  Man   in   Britain,   II,  646 
Dawn  of   Italian   Independence,  The, 
4,    422 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


935 


Dawson,  A.  J.: 

Fortunes    of    Farthings,    The,    25, 
860 
Dawson,  Thomas  Cleland: 

South  American  Republics,  21,  360 
Dawson,  W.  H.: 

Bismarck  and   State   Socialism,   18, 

459 

Germany  and  the  Germans,  18,  460 
Dawson,  W.  S.: 

Social    Switzerland,    13,   599 
Day,  Clive: 

Dutch    Colonial    fiscal    system,    20, 
397 

Policy    and    Administration    of    the 
Dutch  in  Java,  5,  396,  20,  409 
Day  of  Wrath,  The,  25,  882 
Daybreak   in    Britain,   25,   845 
Days  of  Bruce,  The,  25,  871 
Days  of  Jeanne  d'Arc,  25,  835 
Dayspring,  The,  25,  843 
Dayton,  A.  C: 

Last    Days    of    Knickerbocker    Life 
in  New  York,  24,  1109 
D'Azeglio,  M.: 

Challenge  of  Barletta,  The,  25,  828 

Maid  of  Florence,  The,  25,  826 

Scritti  Politice  Letterarie,  preceduti 
da   uno    studio   sull'autore,   di    M. 
Tabarrini,   4,   421 
Deal  with  the   King,  A,  25,  861 
Deane,   Mary: 

Rose-Spinner,  The,  25,  862 
Dearmer,  Mabel: 

Orangery,      The:     A     Comedy     of 
Tears,    25,    864 
Death  of  the  Gods,  The,  25,  827 
Deb  Clavel,  25,  859 
Debidour: 

Histoire    diplomatique   de   l'Europe, 
1814-1878,    18,   456 
Deborah,   25,  822 
Deborah's   Diary,  25,  858 
Debts   of  Honour,  25,  882 
Decatur  and  Somers,  25,  896 
Decisive  Battles  of  India,  5,  399 
Declaration     of     Independence,     The, 

24,    1110 
Decle,  Lionel: 

Three  Years  in   Savage   Africa,  19, 
325 
Decline   and   Fall   of   Napoleon,   The, 

10,  510 


Decline  and   Fall  of  the   Roman   Re- 
public, 3,  400 
Decouvertes   en  Chaldee,   1,  435 
Deemster,  The,  25,  863 
Deeping,  Warwick: 

Uther  and  Igraine,  25,  845 
Defence  de  Sebastapol,  14,  514 
Defence  of  the  Revolutionary  History 

of  North  Carolina,  24,  11 10 
Defender  of  the  Faith,  25,  851 
Defense  of  Plevna,  The,  14,  514 
Defoe,    Daniel: 

Memoirs  of  a   Cavalier,  25,  883 
De  Foix,  25,  835 
DeForest,  J.  W.: 

Kate  Beaumont,  25,  897 
Deguignes,  Joseph: 

Histoire     general     des     Huns,     des 
Tures,  des  Mongols,  et  des  antres 
Tartars   occidentaux,   6,   325 
De  la   Colonisation  chez  les   Peuples 

Modernes,   19,  323,  20,  398,  21,  359 
Delitzsch,    Friedrich: 

Babel  and   Bibel,   1,  434 

Geschichte  Babyloniens  und  Assyr- 
iens,  1,  435 

Handel,   Recht,   und  Sitte  im  alten 
Babylonien,  1,  434 
Delia   Indipendenza  Italiana,  4,  421 
Dellenbaugh,  Frederick  S.: 

North  Americans  of  Yesterday,  21, 
357,  24,  1 107 
Deluge,  The,  25,  878 
Demmler,   Franz: 

Memoirs  of  the   Court  Aristocracy 
and    Diplomacy    of    Austria,    18, 

459 
Democracy  in   America,   24,    1105 
Dempster,   Charlotte  L.  H.: 

Iseulte,   25,   844 
Deniche,    H.: 

Von    der    deutschen     Hansa:    eine 
Historische    Skizze,    18,   456 
Denis: 

Huss  et  la  Guerre  des  Hussites,  17, 
466 
Denis    Dent,   25,  888 
Denis  Duval,  25,  863 
Denk    wiirdig    keiten    des    Staatskan- 

zlers  Fiirsten  von  Hardenberg,   18, 

458 
Denkmaler  aus  Aegypten   und  Aethi- 

opien,  1,  433 


936 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Denmark,   16,  347 

Denmark   and    Germany    Since    1815, 

16,  346 
Denmark,   Norway,   and   Sweden,   16, 

348 
Denmark,  Past  and   Present,   16,  347 
Dennison,   C.  G.: 

Fight  to  a  Finish,  A,  19,  321 
Denounced,  25,   862 
Dent,  C.  T.: 

Mountaineering,   13,   599 
De    Opkomst   van    het    Nederlandsch 

Gezag  in  Oost-Indie,  5,  398 
De  Quincey,    Thomas: 

Klosterheim,  25,  884 
Der    Aufenthalt    Israels    in    Aegypten 

im  Lichte  der  aegyptischen   Monu- 

mente,  1,  433 
Der      babylonische       Ursprung       der 

aegyptische   Kultur,   1,  434 
Der  deutsche   Export  nach  den  Tro- 

pen,  19,  321 
Der  deutsche-franzosiche   Krieg,   1870 

und  1871,  18,  457 
Der  deutsche   Kapital-markt,   18,  456 
Der  Heilige,  25,  847 
Der    Islam    in    Morgen-    und    Abend- 
land,   1,  438,  5,  393 
Der  Sturm  des  Kaiserthrons  im  Bra- 

silien,  ax,  360 
Derwent's  Horse,  25,  886 
Description  de  l'Egypte,  1,  432 
Description  Geographique,  etc.,  de  la 

Chine,  6,  328 
Deserter,  and  other  Stories,  The,  25, 

850,  898 
Desidero,  25,  828 
De  Soto  and  His  Men,  24,  1107 
Destruction    and    Reconstruction,    24, 

1113 
Destruction  of  Greek  Empire  and  the 

Capture   of    Constantinople   by   the 

Turks,  The,  14,  514,  24,  1106 
Det  Norske  Folks  Historie,  16,  346 
Deutsche  Geschichte  im  neunzehnten 

Jahrhundert,   18,  459 
Deutsche      Geschichte      vom      Tode 

Friedrichs     des     Grossen     bis     zur 

Grundung    des    deutschen    Bundes, 

18.  457 
Deutsche  Kolonialzeitung.  Organ  der 
deutschen   Kolonialgesellschaft,  Re- 
dacteur,   Gustav  Meinecke,   20,   410 


Deutsches    Kolonial-Handbuch     nach 

amtlichen    Quellen    bear-beitet,    19, 

322,  20,  410 
Deutschlands   Kolonien,   19,   324,   20, 

410 
Deventer,  M.  L.  van: 

Cinquante     Annees     de     l'Historie 
Federale    de    l'Allemagne.    fitude 
historique  et  politique,  18,  456 
Devereux,  Mary: 

From  Kingdom  to  Colony,  25,  893 

Lafitte  of  Louisiana,  25,  842,  895 
Devereux,  25,  861 
Dewey,  D.  R.: 

Financial    History    of    the    United 
States,  24,   1 105 
Dewitt,  D.  M.: 

Impeachment  and  Trial  of  Andrew 
Johnson,  24,   11 14 
Dexter,  E.  G.: 

History  of  Education  in  the  United 
States,  24,   1 105 
Diana's   Crescent,  25,  864 
Diane,  25,   897 
Diary    of    a    Cavalry    Officer    in    the 

Peninsular     and     Waterloo     Cam- 
paigns,  10,  510 
Diary   of  an    Idle   Woman   in    Spain, 

8,   550 
Diary   of   Mrs.   Kitty   Trevelyan,   25, 

862 
Dicey,  A.  V.: 

Privy  Council,  The,  24,  1106 
Dickens,   Charles: 

Barnaby   Rudge,  25,  863 

Tale  of  Two  Cities,  A,  25,  840 
Dickeson,  Alfred: 

Tychiades,  25,  821 
Dickinson,  G.  Lowes: 

Letters  from  a  Chinese  Official,  6, 
328 
Dickson,  Harris: 

Black  Wolf's  Breed,   The,   25,  838, 
891 

She   That  Hesitates,  25,  878 

Siege   of   Lady   Resolute,   The,   25, 

839 
Dickson,  W.  P.: 

History  of  Rome,  3,  399 
Provinces  of  the  Roman  Empire,  3, 
402 
Dictionary    of    English    History,    11, 
645 


AUTHORS    AND    TITLES 


937 


Dictionary    of    Indian    Biography,    5, 

394 
Dictionary    of    the    Bible,    A,    1,    440, 

441 
Dictionary  of  the    Pali    Language,   5, 

396 
Dictionnaire  geographique,  historique 

et  litteraire  de  la  Perse  et  des  cou- 

trees  adjacentes,  1,  437 
Diderot   and    the    Encyclopaedists,    9, 

498 
Die  Aegyptische  Religion,  1,  432 
Die  Altertiimer  des  Volkes  Israel,  1, 

439 
Die    argentinische    Republik    als    Ziel 
der     europaischen     Auswanderung, 

21,  359 

Die    argentinische    Republik    Buenos- 

Ayres,  31,  359 
Die    Charidschiten    unter    den    ersten 

Omayyaden,  1,  438 
Die  deutschen  Kolonien  in  Wort  und 

Bild,   19,  323,  20,  410 
Die    Entstehung    der    Judenthums,    1, 

440 
Die  Entstehung  des  Volkes  Israel,  1, 

441 
Die    Euphratlander    und    das    Mittel- 

meer,  1,  435 
Die   europaischen    Kolonien,   20,    399, 

400,   403,   405,   409 
Die    gottesdienstlichen    Vortrage    der 

Juden,   1,  441 
Die  Hittiter,  1,  436 
Die  Insel  Haiti,  22,  518 
Die  Keilinschriften  und  das  alte  Tes- 
tament,  1,  435 
Die  Kolonialpolitik  der  Niederlander, 

20,  409 
Die    Kolonialpolitik    Frankreichs,    20, 

409 
Die   Kolonialpolitik   Grossbritanniens, 

19,  324,  20,  405 
Die     Kolonialpolitik     Portugals     und 

Spaniens,   8,  549,   20,   400,  403,   21, 

358 
Die   Kultur   der   Renaissance   in   Ital- 

ien,  4,  420 
Die  La  Plata  Lander,  21,  359 
Die      Oesterreich-Ungarische      Mon- 
archic  in   Wort  und   Bild,   17,   466, 

468 


Die  Phonizier,  1,  436 

Die  punischen  Texte  im  Penules  des 

Plautaus     kritisch     gewurdigt     und 

erklart,  1,  436 
Die   Rechsverhaltnisse  der  deutschen 

Schutzgebiete,   19,  324 
Die    Religion    des    Volkes    Israel   bis 

zur  Verbannung,  1,  439 
Die    Romer   in    Deutschland,    18,   457 
Die   Schweiz,   13,   599 
Die  Volker  Vorderasiens,  1,  437 
Diego  Velasquez  and   His  Times,  8, 

549 
Diehl,  Charles: 

Excursions  archiologiques  in  Grece, 
2,   558 
Dieulafoy,  J.: 

L'acropole     de     Suse,     d'apres     les 

fouilles  de  1884-1886,  1,  437 
La  Perse,  la  Chaldee  et  la  Susiane, 

1,  437 

L'art  antique  de  la  Perse,  1,  437 
Digby,  W.: 

Prosperous    British    India,    5,    395 
Dilemma,  The,   25,   831 
Dilke,   Sir   Charles  Wentworth: 

British   Empire,   The,    19,   321 

Problems  of  Greater  Britain,  5,  395, 
20,  404 
Dinwiddie,    William: 

Porto  Rico,  Its  Conditions  and  Pos- 
sibilities,  22,   518 
Dio,  Cassius: 

Roman  History,  3,  399 
Diplomacy    of    the     Revolution,     24, 

1 1 10 
Diplomatic    and    Other    Correspond- 
ence,  1794-1807,   10,   509 
Diplomatic   History  of   the    Southern 

Confederacy,  24,   1106 
Diplomatic    Relations    of    the    United 

States    and    Spanish    America,    21, 

359 
Dirom,  A.: 

Narrative  of  the  Campaign  in  In- 
dia which  terminated  the  War 
with   Tippoo    Sultan    in    1792,    5, 

397 
Disaster,   The,   25,   844 
Discourses  and  Sayings  of  Confucius.. 

The,  6,  327 
Discoverie,  12,  381 


938 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Discovery  of  America,  24,  1107 
Discovery  of  America  by  the  North- 
men, 24,  1108 
Discovery    of    the    Nineteenth     Cen- 
tury,  19,  323 
Dispatches  of  Colonel  T.  Graham  on 

the  Italian   Campaign  of   1796-1797, 

10,  509 
Dispatches  of  Wellington,    17,   467 
Disputed  V.  C,  The,  25,  832 
Division  and   Reunion,  24,   11 12 
Dix,  Beulah  Marie: 

Beau's   Comedy,  The,  25,  895 

Fair  Maid  of  Graystones,  The,  25, 
856 

Hugh  Gwyeth,  25,  855 

Little    Captive   Lad,   A,   25,   857 

Making     of     Christopher     Ferring- 
ham,  The,  25,  890 

Soldier    Rigdale,  25,   890 
Dixon,  R.  W.: 

History  of  the  Church  of  England 
from  the  Abolition  of  the  Roman 
Jurisdiction,   11,  646 
Dixon,  Thomas,  Jr.: 

Clansman,   The,  25,   899 
Dmitri,    25,   877 
Dobrizhoffer,  Martin: 

Account       of       the  Abipones,       an 
Equestrian    People    of    Paraguay, 
20,  401 
Dr.   Antonio,   25,   830 
Dr.  Le  Baron  and  his  Daughters,  25, 

891 
Dr.  Sevier,  25,  897 
Documentos  para  la  historia  de  Mej- 

ico,  22,  516 
Dodge,  L.,  and  Preston,  H.  W.: 

Private  Life  of  the  Romans,  3,  402 
Dodge,  R.  I.: 

Our   Wild   Indians,   24,    1107 
Dodge,  Theodore  Ayrault: 

Bird's-eye  View  of  the   Civil  War, 
24,  1 105,  1 1 13 

Caesar,  3,  401 

Gustavus  Adolphus,  16,  345 

Hannibal,  3,  401 
Dogs  of  War,  The,  25,  855 
Dole,   Nathan   Haskell: 

Omar  the   Tentmaker,   25,   822 
Dom  Pedro  II,  21,  360 
Dominie's   Garden,  The,  25,  892 
Dominique's  Vengeance,  25,  837 


Domitia,   25,   826 

Don    John    of   Austria,    13,    598,    14, 

514,  18,  459 
Don  Orsino,  25,  830 
Don  Quixote  de  la  Mancha,  25,  833 
Don     Tarquinio:    a      Kataleptic     Ro- 
mance, 25,  828 
Dona   Ysabel,  25,  842 
Doniol,  H.: 

La   Revolution  et  la   Feodalite,   10, 
508 
Doolittle,  Justus: 

Social   Life   of  the   Chinese,   6,  328 
Doris    Kingsley,   25,  893 
Dorothy  Dymoke,  25,   852 
Dorothy  Forster,  25,  861 
Dorothy    Vernon    of    Haddon    Hall, 

25,   853 
Dorr,  Julia  C.  R-: 

In   King's   Houses,  25,  860 
Dougall,    Lily: 

Mormon   Prophet,  The,  25,  896 
Doughty,  A.  G.: 

Siege  of  Quebec  and  Battle  of  the 
Plains  of  Abraham,  24,  1108 
Douglas,  G.: 

Eastern  Questions  from  the  Treaty 

of   Paris,    1856,   to  the   Treaty  of 

Berlin,    1878,   and   to   the   Second 

Afghan  War,  5,  397 

Douglas,  Sir  George  Brisbane  Scott: 

New   Border  Tales,  The,  25,  873 
Douglas,  Robert  Kenneway: 

Europe  and  the  Far  East,  6,  326 

Society  in  China,  6,  328 
Douglass,  Frederic: 

Life  and  Times  of  Frederic  Doug- 
lass, 24,  1 1 12 
Dove  in  the   Eagle's   Nest,  The,  25, 

883 
Down  the  O-hi-o,  25,  897 
Downfall,  The,  25,  844 
Downfall  of  Spain,  The:   Naval  His- 
tory of  the  Spanish-American  War, 

8,  548 
Doyle,  Sir  Arthur  Conan: 

Adventures  of  Gerard,  25,  842 

Exploits   of   Brigadier    Gerard,    25, 

842 

Great  Shadow,  The,  25,  843,  866 

Micah  Clarke,  25,  859 

Refugees,  The,  25,  838 

Rodney  Stone,  25,  864 


AUTHORS    AND   TITLES 


939 


Uncle  Bernac,  25,  841 

War    in    South    Africa,     The,     Its 
Cause  and  Conduct,  19,  322 

White  Company,  The,  25,  835,  850 
Doyle,  J.  A.: 

English  in  America,  The,  24,  1108 
Dragon  and  the  Raven,  The,  25,  846 
Drake,  Benjamin: 

Life     of     Tecumseh     and     of     His 
Brother   the    Prophet,   24,    11 13 
Drake,   Francis   Samuel: 

General  Knox,  24,   nil 
Drake,  Samuel  Adams: 

Border  Wars  of  New  England,  24, 
1 108 

Making  of  New  England,  24,  1108 
Drake,  Samuel  Gardner: 

Annals  of  Witchcraft  in  New  Eng- 
land, 24,   1108 

Aboriginal   Races   of  North   Amer- 
ica,   24,    1 107 
Drake  and  his  Yeomen,  25,  853 
Drake  and  the  Tudor  Navy,  24,  11 10 
Draper,  John  William: 

History  of  the  Civil  War,  24,  11 13 
Draytons    and    the    Davenants,    The, 

25,  856 
Dream   Charlotte,  The,  25,  841 
Dream  of  a  Throne,  A,  25,  896 
Dream  of  John  Ball,  The,  25,  850 
Dreamers   of  the   Ghetto,   25,  823 
Driscoll,  King  of  Scouts,  25,  886 
Driven,  25,  867 
Driver,  Samuel  R.: 

Introduction    to    the    Literature    of 
the  Old  Testament,  An,  1,  439 
Droysen,  Gustav: 

Gustav  Adolph,  18,  456 
Droysen,  Johann  Gustav: 

Das      Leben     des      Feldmarschalls 
Grafen     York    von     Wartenburg, 
18,   456 
Droz,  Thomas: 

Histoire  du  regne  de  Louis  XVII, 
10,  508 
Drum   Beat  of  the  Nation,  24,   11 14 
Drummer   Boy,  The,  25,  898 
Drummer's  Coat,  The,  25,  865 
Drummond,  Hamilton: 

For  the  Religion,  25,  836 

King's   Pawn,   A,  25,  837 

Lord  of  the  Soil,  A,  25,  835 


Man  of  His  Age,  A,  25,  836 

Man's  Fear,  A,  25,  880 
Dryad,  The,  25,  824 
Duance   Pendray,   25,   861 
Dubois,  Jean  Antoine: 

Hindu  Manners,  Customs,  and  Cer- 
emonies,  5,   397 
Du  Bose,  J.  W.: 

Life    of   Yancey,   24,    11 12 
Dubost,    Antonin: 

Danton    et    les    massacres    de    Sep- 
tembre,   10,  508 
Du  Chaillu,  Paul: 

Ivar  the  Viking,  25,  880 

Land  of  the  Long  Night,  The,  16, 
348 

Land  of  the  Midnight  Sun,  The,  16, 
348 

Viking  Age,  The,  16,  345 
Duff,  J.   G.: 

History  of  the  Marathas,  5,  397 
Duffy,   Charles    Gavan : 

Young  Ireland,  12,  382 
Duke   of  Albany's    Highlanders,   The, 

25,   832 
Duke  of  Britain,  A,  25,  845,  871 
Duke  of  Monmouth,  25,  859 
Duke  of  Stockbridge,  The,  25,  894 
Duke's   Own,  The,  25,  831 
Duke's  Page,  The,  25,  883 
Duke's  Servants,  The,  25,  854 
Duke's  Winton,  25,  859 
Dule  Tree   of   Cassillis,  The,  25,   872 
Diimichen,  Johannes: 

Geographie  des  alten  Aegyptens,  I, 

432 
Dumas,  Alexandre: 
Agenor  de  Mauleon,  25,  833,  849 
Ange   Pitou,  25,  840 
Ascanio,  25,  829,  836 
Black  Tulip,  The,  25,  876 
Chevalier  d'Harmental,  Le,  25,  839 
Chevalier    de    Maison    Rouge,    25, 

840 
Companions   of  Jehu,  The,  25,  821 
Forty-Five,  The,  25,  837 
La  Comtesse  de  Charny,  25,  840 
La  Dame  de   Monsoreau,  25,  837 
Marguerite    de    Valois,    25,    836 
Memoirs  of  a  Physician,  25,  840 
Monsieur  de   Chauvelin's   Will,   25, 

840 


940 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Olympe  de  Cleves,  25,  839 

Page  of  the  Duke  of  Savoy,  The, 

25,  836,  876 
Queen's   Necklace,  The,  25,  840 
Regent's  Daughter,  The,  25,  839 
She-Wolves  of  Machecoul,  The,  25, 

,843 
Sylvandire,  25,  839 
Three  Musketeers,  The,  25,  837 
Twenty  Years  After,  25,  838,  856 
Two  Dianas,  The,  25,  836 
Vicomte    de    Bragelonne,    The,    25, 

838 
War  of  Women,  The,  25,  838 
Whites  and  the  Blues,  The,  25,  841 
Woman  with  the  Velvet  Necklace, 
The,  25,  840 
Dunbar,   Aldis: 

Sons  o'  Cormac,  The;  an'  Tales  of 
other  Men's  Sons,  25,  868 
Duncker,  Max: 

Aus   der  Zeit   Friedrich    des    Gros- 
sen  und  Friedrich  Wilhelms  III: 
Abhandlungen     zur    preussischen 
Geschichte,  18,  456 
History  of  Antiquity,   I,  431 
History   of   Greece  to    End   of  the 
Persian  War,  2,  555 
Dunham,  S.  Astley: 

History   of   the    Germanic    Empire, 

18,  455 
History   of  Poland,   15,  390 
History  of   Denmark,   Sweden   and 
Norway,  16,  345 
Dunlap,  John: 

Memoirs     of     Spain      during     the 
Reigns  of  Philip  IV  and  Charles 
II   (1621-1700),  8,  546 
Dunning,  W.  A.: 

Essays  on  the  Civil  War  and   Re- 
construction,  24,   1 105,    1 1 13 
Durand,  Sir  H.  M.: 

Helen  Trevevyan,  25,  832 
Life   of   Major   General    Sir   Henry 
Marion  Durand,  5,  397 
Duros,  Edward: 

Otterbourne,  25,  850 
Duruy,  George: 

Histoire  de  France,  10,  508 
Duruy,  Victor: 

History  of  France,  9,  496 
History  of  Rome   and  the   Roman 
People,  3,  399 


■  Dutch  and  Quaker  Colonies  in  Amer- 
ica, 24,  1 108 
Dutch  in  the   Medway,  The,   25,  858 
Dutch    Life    in    Town    and    Country, 

13,  598 
Dutt,  R.  C: 

Economic    History    of    British    In- 
dia, 1757-1837,  5,  393 
History   of   Civilization   in    Ancient 
India   based    on    Sanskrit    Litera- 
ture, 5,  393 
Dwight,  Theodore: 

Hartford  Convention,  The,  24,  1106 
Dyer,   Henry: 

Dai    Nippon,    a    Study    in    National 
Evolution,  7,  332 
Dysing,  John: 

Kongeriget   Norge,   16,  345 

E 
Eager,  W.  H.: 

History   of   Pennsylvania,   24,    1109 
Earle,  Alice  Morse: 

Home   Life   in    Colonial   Days,   24, 
1 109 
Early  Adventures  in  Persia,  Susiana, 

and  Babylonia,  1,  431 
Early   Age   of   Greece,   The,   2,  557 
Early   English    Chartered   Companies, 

The,  24,   1 106 
Early  History  of  Charles  James  Fox, 

The,  11,  649 
Early   History  of  India   from  600  B. 

C.  to  the   Mohammedan   Conquest, 

including   the   Invasion   of  Alexan- 
der the  Great,  5,  393 
Early   Institutional  Life  of  Japan,  7, 

332 
Early  Man  in  Britain,  11,  646 
Early  Plantagenets,  The,  11,  649 
Early  Rome,  3,  400 
Early    Trading    Companies    of    New 

France,  24,   1108 
Early  Travellers  in  Scotland,  12,  382 
Earth    and    its    Inhabitants,    The,    5, 

399 
East    and    West:    a    Story    of    New 

Ohio,  25,  895 
East  Angels,  25,  897 
Eastern    Question    from    the    Treaty 

of    Paris,    1856,    to    the    Treaty    of 

Berlin,    1878,    and    to    the    Second 

Afghan  War,   5,  397 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


941 


Eben   Holden:   a  Tale   of  the   North 

Country,  25,  897 
Ebers,  Georg: 

Barbara  Blomberg,  25,  883 

Bride  of  the  Nile,  The,  25,  821 

Burgomaster's   Wife,   The,   25,   876 

Cleopatra,  25,  821 

Egyptian  Princess,  An,  25,  821 

Emperor,  The,  25,  826 

In  the  Blue  Pike,  25,  883 

Joshua:  a  Tale  of   Biblical   Times, 
25,  822 

Margery:    a    Tale    of    Old    Nurem- 
berg, 25,  883 

Per  Aspera,  25,  821 

Serapis,  25,  821 

Sisters,  The,  25,  821 

Uarda,  25,  821 
Ecclesiastical    History    of   New    Eng- 
land,  24,   1 109 
Eccott,  W.  J.: 

Fortune's   Castaway,   25,  859 

His   Indolence  of  Arras,   25,  838 
Echoes  from  Old   Calcutta,  5,  396 
Eckstein,  Ernst: 

Aphrodite,  25,  824 

Chaldean   Magician,  The,  25,  826 

Nero,   25,   826 

Prusias,    25,    825 

Quintus   Claudius,  25,  826 
Economic  and  Social  History  of  New 

England,  24,  1109 
Economic    History    of    British    India, 

1758-1837,  5,  393 
Economic  History  of  Virginia  in  the 

Seventeenth  Century,  24,  1109 
Eden,    Charles  Henry: 

Afloat  with  Nelson,  25,  865 

At  Sea  under  Drake,  25,  853 

West  Indies,  The,  20,  407 
Eden,  Nils: 

Sweden  for  Peace;  the  Programme 
of   Sweden   in   the   Union   Crisis, 
16,  346 
Edersheim,  A.: 

History  of  the  Jewish  Nation  after 
the  Destruction  of  Jerusalem  un- 
der Titus,  1,  439 
Edgar,  J.  G.: 

Boy  Crusaders,  The,  25,  823 

Cavaliers  and   Roundheads,  25,  856 

Creqy  and  Poictiers,  25,  849 

How  I  won  my  Spurs,  25,  848 


Runnymede   and   Lincoln   Fair,   25, 

848 
Wars  of  the  Roses,  The,  25,  850 
Edgeworth,    Maria: 

Castle  Rackrent,  25,  869 
Edkins,  J.: 

Revenue  and  Taxation  of  the  Chi- 
nese Empire,  6,  328 
Edol  the   Druid,  25,  845 
Education    of    the    Greek    People,    2, 

558 
Educational     Conquest     of    the     Far 

East,  The,  6,  328 
Edward  the  Exile,  25,  846 
Edwards,  Amelia  B.: 
Thousand  Miles  up  the  Nile,  A,  1, 
432,   19,   325 
Edwards,  B.  Betham: 

Dream  Charlotte,  The,  25,  841 
Lord  of  the  Harvest,  The,  25,  867 
Romance  of  Dijon,  A,  25,  840 
Storm   Rent  Sky,  A,  25,  841 
Edwards,  Bryan: 

History,   Civil   and   Commercial,   of 
the  British  Colonies  in  the  West 
Indies,  20,  407 
Edwards,   Edward: 

Life    of    Sir    Walter    Raleigh,    11, 
646,  24,  1 1 10 
Edwy  the  Fair,  25,  846 
Egan,   Pierce,  the  Younger: 

Robin  Hood,  or  The  Merry  Men  of 
Sherwood   Forest,  25,  848 
Egerton,  Hugh  Edward: 

Origin  and  Growth  of  English  Co- 
lonial Policy,   11,  646,  20,  404 
Short    History    of    British    Colonial 
Policy,  19,  322,  20,  404,  24,  1 106, 
1 108 
Eggleston,  Edward: 

Beginners  of  a  Nation,  24,  1108 

Graysons,  The,  20,  897 

Hoosier     Schoolmaster,     The,     25, 

897 
Roxy,  25,  895 
Eggleston,  George  Cary: 

Bale  marked   Circle  X,  25,  898 
Big   Brother,  The,  25,   896 
Master  of  Warlock,  The,  25,  897 
Southern  Soldier  Stories,  25,  898 
Eginhard: 

Life  of  Charlemagne,  9,  501 
Egypt  and  the   Hinterland,   19,  325 


942 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Egypt   Exploration   Fund : 

Atlas  of  Ancient  Egypt,  An,  I,  432 

Publications,   I,  432 
Egypt  in  1898,  19,  324 
Egypt  in   the   Neolithic   and   Archaic 

Period,   1,  432 
Egyptian  Princess,  An,  25,  821 
Egyptian  Wanderers,  The,  25,  827 
Egypt's   Place  in   Universal   History, 

I,  432 
Eight  Days,  25,  832 
Eight  Months'  Campaign  against  the 

Bengal  Sepoy  Army  during  the  Mu- 
tiny of  1857,  5,  396 
Eight  Months  in  an  Ox-Wagon,   19, 

326 
Eighteen  Years  in  the  Khyber,  1879- 

1898,  5,  400 
Eine     Studie     zur     alten     Geschichte 

Westasiens,    1,  436 
Einleitung  in  das  alte  Testament,   1, 

439 

Ekkehard,  25,  882 

El  archipelago  Filipino,  Coleccion  de 
Datos  Geographicos,  Estadisticos, 
Cronologicos,  y  Cientificos,  Rela- 
tivos  al  mismo,  Entresacados  de 
Anteriores  Obras  u  Obtenidos  con 
la  Propria  Observacion  y  Estudio 
por  Algunos  Padres  de  la  Mision 
de  la  Companion  de  Jesus  en  Estas 
Islas,  20,  411 

El  Ombu,   25,   889 

El  Poder  Civil  en  Espana,  8,  546 

Elberstadt: 

Der  deutsche  Kapital-markt,  18, 
456 

Eliot,  George: 

Adam  Bede,  25,  864 
Daniel   Deronda,  25,  824 
Felix  Holt,  the  Radical,  25,  867 
Romola,  25,  828 

Silas  Marner;  the  Weaver  of  Rave- 
loe,  25,  864 

Elliot,   Frances   Minto: 

Diary  of  an  Idle  Woman  in  Spain, 

8,  550 
Old   Court   Life  in   Spain,  8,   546 
Elliot,  Sir  Henry  Miers: 

History  of  India  as  told  by  its  own 
Historians,  the  Mohammedan  Pe- 
riod, 5,  397 


Elliott,   H.  W.: 

Our   Arctic    Province,    24,    11 14 
Ellis,  A.  B.: 

Ewe-speaking  Peoples  of  the  Slave 
Coast  of  West  Africa,   19,  325 

History  of  the  Gold  Coast,  19,  322 

Yoruba-speaking     Peoples     of     the 
Slave   Coast  of  West  Africa,  19, 
325 
Ellis,  Beth: 

Barbara  Winslow,  Rebel,  25,  859 
Ellis,  E.  S.: 

Life  and  Times  of  Colonel  Daniel 
Boone,  24,  1113 

Uncrowning  a  King,  25,  891 
Ellis,   George  Edward: 

Puritan  Age  and  Rule  in  the  Col- 
ony of  Massachusetts  Bay,  24, 
1 108 

Red  Man  and  White  Man,  24,  1106 
Elmslie,  W.  A.: 

Among  the  Wild  Ngoni,  19,  325 
Elphinstone,   Mountstuart : 

History  of   India,   the   Hindoo   and 
Mohammedan   Periods,   5,   397 
Elrington,   Henry: 

In  the  Days  of  Prince  Hal,  25, 
850 

Ralph  Wynward,  25,  868 
Elson,  H.  W.: 

History   of  the   United   States,   24, 
1 104 
Elton,  C.  I.: 

Origin  of  English  History,  11,  646 
Elton,  Romeo: 

Life  of  Roger  Williams,  24,  11 10 
Eltzbacher,  O.: 

Modern  Germany,  18,  457 
Embree,  Charles  Fleming: 

Dream  of  a  Throne,  A,  25,  896 
Emerson,  P.  H.: 

Caoba,  the   Guerilla   Chief,   25,  889 
Emigration      and      Immigration:      A 

Study  in  Social   Science,  20,  399 
Emin  Pasha: 

Letters  and  Journals,   19,  325 
Emin   Pasha,   his  life   and   work,   19, 

325 
Emmanuel;  or,   Children  of  the  Soil, 

25,  881 
Emmanuel:  the  Story  of  the  Messiah, 

25,  823 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


943 


Emmett,  T.  A.: 

Ireland    under    English    Rule,    12, 
381 
Emperor,    The,    25,    826 
Emperor  Charles  V,  The,  18,  456 
Emperor  William  and   his  reign,   18, 

459 
Emperor's  Doom,  An,  25,  899 
Empire   of  the    Hittites,   The,    1,   437 
Empress  Octavia,  25,  826 
Encyclopaedia   Biblica,  I,  439 
Encyclopaedia   Britannica,   7,  331,   21, 

359 
End  of  an  Era,  24,  11 14 
Enemy  to  the  King,  An,  25,  837 
Engelhardt,  E.: 

La    Turquie    et    le    Tangirnat,    14, 

5H 

England,  12,  381 

England  and  Napoleon  in  1803,  10, 
509 

England  and  Russia  Face  to  Face  in 
Asia,  Travels  with  the  Afghan 
Boundary    Commission,    5,   401 

England  of  Elizabeth,   The,  24,   1106 

England  in  Egypt,  11,  648,  19,  323 

England   in   Ireland,    12,   382 

England  in  the  Eighteenth  Century, 
12,  381 

England  Under  Protector  Somerset, 
24,  1 106 

England  Under  the  Tudors,  24,  1106 

England's  Elizabeth:  Memories  of 
Matthew  Bedale,  25,  853 

English  Caricature  and  Satire  on  Na- 
poleon  I,  10,  508 

English  Church  During  the  Reforma- 
tion, The,  24,  1 106 

English  Colonies  in  America,  The, 
24,  1 108 

English  Democratic  Ideas  of  the 
Seventeenth  Century,  24,  1106 

English  in   America,  The,   24,   1108 

English  in  the  West  Indies,  The,  22, 
5i8 

English-Japanese    Etymology,    7,    333 

English  Seamen  under  the  Tudors, 
24,  1 108 

Englishman's  Haven,  25,  887 

Enriquez,  R.  de  Zayas: 
Las     Estados     Unidas     Mejicanos, 
1877-1897,  22,  516 


Ensayo   sobre   la   historia  de   Bolivia, 
21,   359 

Ephtaliotis,  Argyris: 

Tales  from  the  Isles  of  Greece,  25, 
825 

Epicurean,  The,  25,  821 

Episode  of  the  Terror,  An,  25,  840 

Epistolary  Literature  of  the  Assyr- 
ians and  Babylonians,  The,  1,  434 

Epocas  del  Peru,  21,  360 

Epochs  of  Modern  History,  9,  497, 
10,  507 

Erasmus,  Sarel:  see  Blackburn,  Doug- 
las 

Erckmann,  E.,  and  Chatrian,  A.: 
Blockade,  The,  25,  842 
Campaign  in  Kabylia,  A,  25,  843 
Conscript,  The,  25,  842 
Madame   Therese;    or,   The   Volun- 
teers of  '92,  25,  840 
Man  of  the  People,  A,  25,  843 
Story   of   a    Peasant.    The,    25,   840 
Story    of    the    Plebiscite,    The,    25, 

843 
Waterloo,  25,  843 
Year   One,   25,   840 

Eric  the  Archer,  25,  849 

Erling  the  Bold,  25,  880 

Erman,  Adolf: 

Die  Aegyptische  Religion,   1,  432 
Life  in  Ancient  Egypt,  1,  432 

Errand  Boy  of  Andrew  Jackson,  The, 
25,  896 

Erskine,  W.: 

History  of  India  under  the  two 
first  Sovereigns  of  the  House  of 
Taimur,  5,  397 

Espaha  Sagrada,  8,  545 

Essais  orientaux,   1,  437 

Essay  on  Ancient  Inhabitants  of  Scot- 
land, 12,  382 

Essays  in  Colonial  Finance,  19,  321, 
20,  397 

Essays  in  Colonization,  19,  323,  20, 
410 

Essays  in  Constitutional  History  of 
the  United  States,  24,   11 11 

Essays  in  Historical  Criticism,  19, 
321,    20,   400 

Essays  Introductory  to  the  Study  of 
English  Constitutional  History,  11, 
650 


944 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Essays   on    French   History,   9,  496 
Essays    on    Scandinavian    Literature, 

16,  348 

Essays     on     the     Administration     of 
Great  Britain,   1783-1830,   II,   647 

Essays  on  the  Civil  War  and  Recon- 
struction, 24,  1 105,  1 1 13 

Essays   on  the   Monetary   History   of 
the  United  States,  24,  1109 

Establishment    of     Spanish     Rule     in 
America,  The,  20,  402,  24,  1107 

Esther   Pentreath,   25,   867 

Esther  Vanhomrigh,  25,  861 

EtCrnal  Quest,  The,  25,  886 

Ethne,  25,  869 

fitudes  Critiques  sur  la  die  de  Golomb 
avant  ses  decouvertes,  21,  358 

fitudes  iraniennes,  1,  437 

Euancondit,  25,  888 

Eugene  Aram,  25,  863 

Eugene,  Prince  of  Savoy: 
Memoirs,  18,  457 

Europaischer     Geschichts     Kalendar, 

17,  468 

Europe  and  the  Far  East,  6,  326 
Europe   in   Africa   in   the   Nineteenth 

Century,   19,  323 
European    Background    of    American 

History,   1300-1600,  5,  396 
European     Concert     in     the     Eastern 

Question,  The,   14,  514 
Eutaw,  25,  893 
Evanus,  25,  827 
Eve  of  the   French   Revolution,  The, 

9,  498,  10,  588 
Every  Inch  a  King,  25,  850 
Eveshams,  The,  25,  863 
Evolution  of  the  Japanese,  Social  and 

Psychic,  7,  333 
Evolution  of  the  Ordinance   of   1787, 

24,  mi 
Evrie,  J.  H.  van: 

Negroes    and    Negro    Slavery,    24, 
1112 
Ewald,   Georg   Heinrich   August: 

Die   Altertiimer  des   Volkes   Israel, 

I,  439 

Geschichte  des  Volkes  Israel,  1,  439 

Ewe-speaking    Peoples    of    the    Slave 

Coast    of    West    Africa,    The,    19, 

325 
Examen  de  quelques   points  de  l'his- 
toire  du  Bresil,  21,  360 


Excavations  and  Discoveries  in  As- 
syria, 1,  43s 

Excursions  archiologiques  in  Grece, 
2,  558 

Execution  of  the  Due  d'Enghien,  The, 
10,  509 

Exiled  Scot,  An,  25,  874,  885 

Exotics   and   Retrospectives,   7,   332 

Expansion  of  Egypt  under  the  An- 
glo-Egyptian Condominium,  19,  324 

Expansion  of  England,  11,  649,  20, 
405,  24,  1 1 06 

Expansion  of  Russia,  15,  390 

Expansion  of  the  American  People, 
24,   1112 

Expiation,  25,  899 

Exploits  of  Brigadier  Gerard,  25,  842 

Extraordinary  Confessions  of  Diana 
Please,  The,  25,  864 

Eyes  like  the  Sea,  25,  882 


F 


Fabiola,  25,  826 

Face  to  Face  with  Napoleon,  25,  842, 

884 
Face  to  Face  with  the  Mexicans,  22, 

5i6 
Fahlbeck,  P.: 

Constitution   Suedoise   et   le   Parle- 
mentarisme    Moderne,    16,   346 
Fair  God,  The,  25,  889 
Fair  Jacobite,  A,  25,  861 
Fair    Maid    of    Graystones,    The,    25, 

856 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth,  The,  25,  871 
Fair  Rosamond,  25,  847 
Fair  Saxon,  A,  25,  870 
Fairfax,  25,  892 
Fairless,  Michael: 

Gathering  of  Brother  Hilarius,  The, 
25,  849 
Falaise  of  the  Blessed  Voice,  25,  834 
Falkner,  J.  Meade: 

Moonfleet,  25,  863 
Falkner,  Roland  P.: 

Finances  of   British   possessions  in 
South   Africa,   20,   397 
Fall  of  Asgard,  The,  25,  880 
Fall  of  Constantinople,   The,   25,  879 
Fall   of   the    Congo    Arabs,   The,   19, 

322 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


945 


FaJl  of  the  Roman  Republic,  The,  3, 

400 
Fallen   Fortunes,   25,   860 
Fallen  Star,  A,  25,  884 
Fallot,  E.: 

L'Avenir  Colonial  de  la  France,  19, 
322 
Fang,  Wu  Ting: 

China's    Relations    with    the    West, 
20,   411 
Farina,  25,   882 
Farmer,  J.  E.: 

Essays   on   French    History,   9,   496 
Farmer,  James: 

Brinton      Eliot:      from      Yale      to 
Yorktown,  25,  893 
Farmer,  Silas: 

History   of    Detroit   and    Michigan, 
24,   1 108 
Farnam,  C.  H.: 

Life  of  Francis   Parkman,  24,   1108 
Farragut,  Loyall: 

Life    of    David    Glasgow    Farragut, 
24,  1 1 14 
Farrand,   Livingston: 

Basis    of    American    History,    1500- 
1900,  21,  357,  24,  1 107 
Farrar,  Frederic  William: 

Darkness   and   Dawn,   25,   826 

Gathering   Clouds,  25,  822,  827 
Farrington,    Margaret    Vere : 

Fra  Lippo  Lippi,  25,  828 
Fassett,  J.  H.: 

Colonial    Life   in    New   Hampshire, 
24,  1 109 
Fatal   Gift,  The,  25,  863 
Father  Darcy,  25,  854 
Favour  of  Princes,  The,  25,  839 
Favours   from    France,   25,   874 
Fay,  S.  B.: 

Execution   of   the    Due    d'Enghein, 
10,  509 
Federal    Constitution    of    Switzerland, 

The,  13,  599 
Federalist,  The,  24,   1105 
Felicita,  25,  828 
Felicitas,  25,  827,  882 
Felix  Holt,  the  Radical,  25,  867 
Felt,  Joseph  Barlow: 

Customs  of  New  England,  24,  1109 

Ecclesiastical      History      of      New 
England,  24,   1109 


Felton,  Cornelius  Conway: 

Greece,  Ancient  and  Modern,  2,  558 
Fenelon,   Francois  de  Salignac  de  la 

Mother 

Adventures    of    Telemachus,    The, 
25,  824 
Fenn,  Clive  Robert: 

For  the  Old  Flag,  25,  832 
Fenn,  G.  Manville: 

Black  Tor,  The,  25,  854 

King's  Sons,  The,  25,  845 

Marcus,  the   Young  Centurion,  25, 
825 

Ned  Leger,  25,  862 

This  Man's  Wife,  25,  888 
Fergusson,  James: 

History  of  Architecture,   1,  432,  5, 

397 

Ferishta,  Mohammed-Kasim: 

History  of  the  Rise  of  the  Moham- 
medan Power  in  India,  5,  397 

Fernald,  James  C: 

Spaniard  in  History,  The,  8,  547 

Fertig,  J.  W.: 

Secession    and     Reconstruction     of 
Tennessee,  24,    11 14 

Fiddler  of  Lugau,  The,  25,  884 

Fidelis,  Sister  Mary: 

In  Holiest  Troth,  25,  833 

Field,  Mrs.  E.  M.: 
Ethne,  25,  869 

Fiery  Dawn,  The,  25,  843 

Fife    and    Drum    at    Louisbourg,    25, 
887 

Fifth  Queen,  The,  25,  852 

Fifty   Years   in   the    Making   of   Aus- 
tralian  History,    20,   406 

Fifty    Years    of    Concessions   to    Ire- 
land,  12,  382 

Fight  for  Canada,  The,  24,  1107 

Fight  to  a  Finish,  A,  19,  321 

Fight  with   France  for   North  Amer- 
ica, The,  20,  408,  24,  1 107 

Fighting  Veres,  The,  13,  598 

Filleul,  Marianne: 
Pendower,  25,  852 

Filon,  Augustin: 

L'Eleve   de    Garrick,   25,   863 

Final  French  Struggles  in  India  and 
the  Indian  Seas,  5,  399 

Financial  History  of  the  Confederacy, 
24,  1113 


946 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Financial   History  of  the  Revolution, 

24,   1 1 10 
Financial     History     of     the     United 

States  (Bolles),  24,  1105 
Financial     History     of     the     United 

States  (Dewey),  24,  1105 
Financier    and    the    Finances    of    the 

American  Revolution,  The,  24,  11 11 
Finch,  Harry  T.: 

Spain  and  Morocco,  8,  550 
Finding  of  Wineland  the  Good,  The, 

24,  1 108 
Findlater,  Jane  Helen: 

Daughter  of  Strife,  A,  25,  874 

Green    Graves    of    Balgowrie,    The, 
25,  875 
Findlay,  J.  T.: 

Deal  with  the  King,  A,  25,  861 
Findlay,  George: 

History    of    Greece    from    the    con- 
quest by  the  Romans  to  the  Pres- 
ent Time,  2,  557 
Finnemore,  John: 

In  the  Trenches,  25,  867 

Lover  Fugitives,  The,  25,  859 

Red    Men    of    the    Dusk,    The,    25, 

857 
Story    of   a    Scout,    The,    25,    833, 

865 
Firebrand,  The,  25,  834 
First    Blows    of   the    Civil   War,    24, 

1113 
First  Fleet  Family,  A,  25,  888 
First  Napoleon,  The,  9,  499,   10,  509 
First  Nine  Books  of  the  Danish  His- 
tory, 16,  347 
First  Republic  in  America,  24,  1109 
First  Romanovs,  The,  15,  389 
First  Steps  in   Human   Progress,  24, 

1 107 
Firth,  C.  H.: 

Cromwell  and  the  Rule  of  the  Puri- 
tans in  England,  11,  646 
Fischer  and  Kounv: 

Norway,   16,  348 
Fisher,  George  Park: 

Colonial    Era,   The,   24,    1108,    1109 
Fisher,  Herbert  A.  L.: 

Studies    in    Napoleonic    Statesman- 
ship, 10,  509,  18,  457 
Fisher,  Sidney  George: 

Making   of   Pennsylvania,   24,    1109 


Men,  Women,  and  Manners  in  Co- 
lonial Times,  24,  1109 

Trial  of  the   Constitution,  24,  11 13 

True    History    of    the    Revolution, 
24,  ino 
Fisher,  W.  E.  G.: 

Transvaal  and  the  Boers,  The.  A 
Short  History  of  the  South  Af- 
rican Republic  with  a  Chapter 
on  the  Orange  Free  State,  19, 
322 
Fisherman's  Daughter,  The,  25,  877 
Fiske,  Amos  Kidder: 

History  of  the  Islands  of  the  West 
Indian  Archipelago,  22,  518 
Fiske,  John: 

American  Revolution,  The,  24,  11 10 

Beginnings  of  New  England,  24, 
1 108 

Critical  Period  of  American  His- 
tory, 24,  in  1 

Discovery  of  America,  24,  1107 

Dutch  and  Quaker  Colonies  in 
America,  24,  1108 

Old    Virginia    and    Her    Neighbors, 

24,  1 109 
Fitchett,  W.  H.: 

Commander  of  the  Hirondelle,  The, 

25,  864 
Fitzner,  Rudolf: 

Deutsches  Kolonial-handbuch,  19, 
322,  20,  410 

Fitzpatrick,  T.  P.: 
Transvaal    from    Within,    The,    19, 
322 

Five  Great  Monarchies  of  the  An- 
cient World,  The,  I,  431 

Five  Years  in  the  War  Department 
Following  the  War  with  Spain, 
1899-1903,  as  Shown  in  the  Annual 
Reports  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 
20,  412 

Five  Years'  Residence  at  Nepaul, 
1841-1845,  5,  400 

Flack,  H.  E.: 

Spanish  American  Diplomatic  Re- 
lations Preceding  the  War  of 
1898,  22,  518 

Flame  of  Fire,  A,  25,  833 

Flamingo  Feather,  The,  25,  890 

Flandrin,  E.,  and  Botta,  Paul  Emil: 
Monuments  de  Ninive,  1,  434 


AUTHORS   AND    TITLES 


947 


Flaubert,  Gustave: 
Sentimental     Education,     The,     25, 

843 
Fleming,  Walter  Lynwood: 

Civil    War    and    Reconstruction    in 
Alabama,  24,   11 14 
Fletcher,  J.  S.: 
Anthony  Everton,  25,  855 
Mistress  Spitfire,  25,  855 
When  Charles  the  First  was  King, 

25,  855 
Fletcher,  S.: 

History  of  Poland  from  the  Earli- 
est Period,  15,  390 
Flick,  A.  C: 

Loyalism  in  New  York,  24,  11 10 
Flint,  H.  M.: 

Mexico   under    Maximilian,    22,   516 
Flitcher,  C.  R.  L.: 

Gustavus  Adolphus  and  the   Strug- 
gle   of    Protestantism    for    Exist- 
ence, 16,  346 
Flood,  Fell  and  Forest,  16,  348 
Florence,  The   Maid  of,  25,  828 
Flotsam,  25,  832 
Flower  o'  the  Corn,  25,  839 
Flower  of  France,  The,  25,  835 
Fliigel,  Gustav: 

Geschichte  der  Araber  bis  auf  den 
Sturz  des   Chalifats  von   Bagdad, 
If  438 
Foes-  of  the   Red  Cockade,  25,  840 
Folks  Next  Door,  22,  516 
Follies  of  Captain  Daly,  The,  25,  865 
Follow  the  Gleam,  25,  855 
Fontes   rerum   Austriacarum,    17,   466 
Fontes  rerum   Bohemicarum,   17,  466 
Fool  Errant,  The,  25,  829 
Fool's  Errand,  A,  25,  899 
Foote,  Andrew  H.,  Life  of,  24,  11 14 
Foote,  Henry  Samuel: 

Texas  and  the  Texans,  24,  11 12 
For  Crown  and   Covenant,  25,   873 
For  Faith  and  Fatherland,  25,  876 
For  Faith  and   Freedom,  25,  859 
For  Freedom,  25,  830 
For  God  and  Gold,  25,  853 
For  his  People;  being  the  True  Story 

of  Sogoro's  Sacrifice,  25,  832 
For  King  or  Empress,  25,  847 
For  Liberty's  Sake,  25,  860 
For  Name  and  Fame,  25,  832 
For  Sceptre  and  Crown,  25,  885 


For    Stark    Love   and    Kindness,    25, 

871 
For  the  Freedom  of  the  Sea,  25,  896 
For  the  Old  Flag,  25,  832 
For  the  Queen  in  South  Africa,  25, 

886 
For  the   Red   Rose,  25,  851 
For  the  Religion,  25,  836 
For  the  Right,  25,  882 
For   the   Term  of   His   Natural   Life, 

25,  888 
For  the  White   Christ,  25,  834 
For  the  White  Rose,  25,  861 
For    the    White    Rose    of    Arno,    25, 

868,  874 
Foragers,  The,  25,  893 
Forbes,    Archibald : 

Franco-German  War,   18,   458 
Forbes,  Lady  Helen: 

His  Eminence:  a  Story  of  the  Last 
Century,   25,   829 
Forbes,  James  D.: 

Norway   and    its    Glaciers,    16,    348 

Travels   through   the   Alps,    13,   599 
Forbes-Lindsay,  S.  H.: 

India,  Past  and  Present,  5,  395 
Forbidden   Name,   A,   25,  878 
Ford,  G.  S.: 

Hanover  and  Prussia,  10,  509 
Ford,  John,   and   Ford,   Worthington 

C: 

Commercial   Relations   of  the   Uni- 
ted States  with  the  Far  East,  20, 
411 
Ford,  Paul  Leicester: 

Benjamin   Franklin,   24,    nil 

Janice  Meredith,  25,  894 

Washington,   24,    mi 
Foreign     Commerce     of     the     United 

States     during    the     Confederation, 

The,  24,  mi 
Foreign  Policy  of  the  United  States, 

Political  and  Commercial,  The,  20, 
411 
Foreman,  John: 

Philippine  Islands,  20,  401 
Forerunner,  The,  25,  828 
Forest    Cantons    of    Switzerland,    13, 

560 
Forest   Days,  25,  849 
Forest   Folk,   25,   865 
Forest   Lovers,  The,   25,   848 
Forest  Outlaws,  25,  847 


948 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Forest   Prince,  The,  25,  848,  868 
Forest  Schoolmaster,  The,   20,  881 
Forester,  John: 

Chronicles  of  James  I,  8,   547 
Forests  of  the  West  Indies,  The,  22, 

5i8 
Forge  in  the    Forest,   The,   25,  887 
Formation    of  the    Union,   24,    11 11 
Forrest,  G.  W.: 

Cities  of  India,  5,   395 
Forrest,   General   N.   B.,   Life   of,   24, 

1114 
Forrest,  R.  E.: 

Eight  Days,  25,  832 

Sword  of  Azrael,  The,  25,  832 
Forrest,  Thorpe: 

Builders  of  the  Waste,  25,  845 
Forster : 

Life  of  Deak,  17,  468 
Forster  and   Daniell: 

Life  and  Letters  of  Ogier  de  Bus- 
becq,   14,   514 
Forster,  John: 

Arrest    of    the    Five    Members,    11, 
646 

Grand   Remonstrance,  The,   11,  646 

Life  of  Sir  John  Eliot,  II,  646 

Statesmen  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
England,  The,  11,  646 
Forster,  R.  H.: 

Arrow  of  the   North,  The,  25,  851 

In  Steel  and  Leather,  25,  851 

Last  Foray,  The,  25,  852 

Strained  Allegiance,  25,  861 
Forsyth,  William: 

Life   of   Marcus   Tullius    Cicero,   3, 
401 
Fort  Amity,  25,  887 
Fortescue,  John  W.: 

Drummer's   Coat,  The,  25,  865 
Fortune    of    the    Rougons,    The,    25, 

843 
Fortune-Hunter,  The,  25,  884 
Fortune's   Castaway,  25,  859 
Fortune's  My  Foe,  25,  833 
Fortunes  of  Claude,  The,  25,  874 
Fortunes   of   Farthings,  The,   25,  860 
Fortunes   of  Fifi,   The,  25,  841 
Fortunes  of  Nigel,  The,  25,  854 
Forty  Years  in  Zululand,  19,  327 
Forty    Years    of   American    Life,    24, 

1112 


Forty-Five,  The,  25,  837 
Forty-Five,  or   Rebellion  in  Scotland 

of  1745,  The,  12,  383 
Foster,  A.  J.,  and  Cuthell,  E.  C.J 

Robber    Baron    of    Bedford    Castle, 
The,  25,  848 
Foster,  H.  B.: 

Cassius    Dio's    Roman    History,    3, 

399 
Foster,  John  Watson: 

American  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient, 
6,  326,  24,  1 105 

Century    of    American    Diplomacy, 
A,  24,   1 105 
Fothergill,  Jessie: 

Probation,  25,  867 
Fotheringhame,  Josephine: 

Sir  Valdemar  the  Ganger,  25,  871 
Foulke,  William   Dudley: 

Life  of  O.  P.  Morton,  24,  11 14 

Maya:  a  Story  of  Yucatan,  25,  889 
Foundation    of   the    German    Empire, 

The,  1817-1871,  18,  457 
Foundations     of     American     Foreign 

Policy,  20,   411 
Foundations    of    England,    The,    11, 

648 
Founders    of    Maryland,    24,    1109 
Founding    of    the     German    Empire, 

The,  18,  459 
Fountain  Sealed,  A,  25,  863 
Four   Books  of  the   Chinese   Classics, 

The,  6,  327 
Four    Centuries    of    Spanish    Rule   in 

Cuba,   22,  517 
Four   Feathers,  The,  25,  885 
Four  Years  of  Irish  History,  12,  382 
Fournier,  August: 

Napoleon  the   First,  9,  497,  10,  509 
Fowler,  W.  W.: 

City-State   of  the   Greeks   and   Ro- 
mans, The,  3,  400 

Julius    Caesar    and    the    Foundation 
of  the   Roman    Imperial    System, 
3,  40i 
Fox,  John,  Jr.: 

Crittenden,   25,   899 

Little      Shephered      of      Kingdom 
Come,  The,  25,  897 
Fox-Bourne,  H.  R.: 

Civilisation  in   Congoland,   19,  325 
Fra  Lippo  Lippi,  25,  828 


AUTHORS   AND    TITLES 


949 


France,  9,  496 

France    and    the    Confederate    Navy, 

24,   1 1 14 
France     Before     the     Revolution     of 

1789,  9,  500,  10,  508 
France  Under   Louis   XV,  9,  498 
France  Under   Mazarin,   9,  498 
France  Under  the  Regency,  9,  498 
Francezka,   25,   839 
Francillon,  R.  E.: 

Ropes   of   Sand,   25,   864 
Francis,  M.  E.: 

Lycngate   Hall,   25,  864 

Yeoman  Fleetwood,  25,  866 
Francke,  Kuno: 

History  of   German   Literature,   18, 
460 
Franco-German     War     of     1870-1871, 

The,  9,  501,  18,  458 
Franklin,    Benjamin,    24,    1111 
Franklin  in  France,  24,   11 10 
Franzos,  Karl  Emil: 

For  the  Right,  25,  882 
Fraser,  Mrs.  Hugh: 

Stolen   Emperor,   The,   25,   832 
Fraser,  J.  B.: 

Historical  and  Descriptive  Account 
of  Persia,   5,  401 
Frazer,   R.  W.: 

British   India,  5,  393 

Literary    History    of    India,    5,    394 
Frederic,  Harold: 

Copperhead  and  other  Stories,  The, 
25,  898 

Deserter    and    other    Stories,    The, 
25,  850,  898 

In  the  alley,  25,  894 

Marsena;     and    other     Stories,    25, 
898 
Frederic  Uvedale,  25,  830 
Frederick  the  Great: 

Works,  18,  457 
Free  Joe,  25,  897 
Free   Lance   in   a    Far    Land,   A,   25, 

831 
Free  Soil,  Free  Soul,  25,  892 
Free  to  Serve,  25,  892 
Freeman,  Edward  Augustus: 

Greater    Greece    and    Greater    Brit- 
ian,  2,  558 

History  and  Conquests  of  the  Sar- 
acens,  14,   513 


History  of  Federal  Government  in 
Greece,  2,   557 

History  of  the   Norman   Conquest, 
11,  646 

Ottoman  Power  in  Europe,  14,  513 

Sketches   of  Travel   in   Greece   and 
Italy,  2,  558 
Freiderich,  Karl: 

Die  La  Plata  Lander,  21,  359 
French,  Allen: 

Colonials,  The,  25,  893 
French    Colonial    Experiment   in    the 

Far   East,   A,   20,   408 
French    in    America,    1608-1744,    The, 

20,  408 
French  in  the  Allegheny  Valley,  The, 

24,  1 108 
French    Monarchy,    The,    9,    497,    24, 

1 106 
French  Nan,  25,  862 
French   People,    The,   9,   496 
French  Prisoner,  The,  25,  866 
French   Revolution,  The,   9,  496,  497, 

498,  10,  507 
French  Revolution  and  Religious  Re- 
form, The,  9,  499 
French  Revolution  and  the  First  Em- 
pire, The,  10,  507 
French    Revolution   Tested   by    Mira- 

beau's    Career,   The,   9,  497 
French     War     and     the     Revolution, 

The,  24,  1110 
Fresh  Light  from  the  Ancient  Monu- 
ments, 1,  435 
Freytag,  Gustav: 

Bilder   aus   der   deutschen   Vergan- 
genheit,    18,    457 

Neue    Bilder    aus    dem    Leben    des 
deutschen  Volkes,  18,  457 

Our  Forefathers,  25,  882 
Friedenwald,  H.: 

Declaration  of  Independence,   The, 
24,   1110 
Friedrich   der   Grosse   als   Kronprinz, 

18,  457 
Friend  of  Caesar,  A,  25,  825 
Friend  of  Nelson,  A,  25,  864 
Friend  Olivia,  25,  857 
Friend   with  the   Countersign,   A,   25, 

897 
Friends  of  Pascal,  The,  25,  838 
Friends  though  Divided,  25,  856 


950 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Frith,  Henry: 

Under   Bayard's   Banner,  25,   835 
Froissart,  Jean: 

Chronicles,  9,  501 
From  Empire  to  Republic,  22,  516 
From  Kingdom  to  Colony,  25,  893 
From   Manassas  to  Appomattox,  24, 

1114 
From    Powder-Monkey    to    Admiral, 

25,  866 
From    the    Front:    Stories    from    the 

Seat  of  War,  25,  886 
From  the  Memoirs  of  a  Minister  of 

France,  25,  837 
Frontenac,  20,  408 

Frontiersmen  of  New  York,  24,  1108 
Frothingham,  A.  L.: 

Rise  of  the  Republic,  24,  11 10 
Frothingham,  Octavius  B.: 

Theodore   Parker,  24,   11 13 
Frothingham,  Richard: 

History  of  the  Siege  of  Boston,  24, 
1 1 10 

Joseph  Warren,  24,  11  n 
Froude,  James  Anthony: 

Caesar:  a  Sketch,  3,  401 

England,  12,  381 

England  in  Ireland,  12,  382 

English  in  the  West  Indies,  The, 
22,   518 

History  of  England  from  the  Fall 
of  Wolsey  to  the  Defeat  of  the 
Spanish  Armada,  II,  646,  24, 
1 106 

Two  Chiefs  of  Dunboy,  25,  869 
Frown  of  Majesty,  The,  25,  838 
Fryxell,  Anders: 

History  of  Sweden,  The,  16,  346 
Fuller,  F.  W.: 

Egypt  and  the  Hinterland,  19,  325 
Fuller,  Hulbert: 

Vivian  of  Virginia,  25,  891 
Fullerton,  Lady  Georgiana: 

Stormy  Life,  A,  25,  851 
Furtwangler,  Adolph: 

Masterpieces    of    Greek    Sculpture, 
2,  558 
Fustel  de  Coulanges: 

Ancient  City,  The,  3,  400 
Fyffe,  Charles  Allen: 

History  of  Greece,  2,  556 

History  of  Modern  Europe,  10,  507 


Gabriel,  25,  823,   887 
Gabriel  Conway,  25,  897 
Gachard,  Louis  Prosper: 

Correspondance     de     Guillaume 
Orange,  13,  597 

Correspondance     de     Margurite    d' 
Autriche  et  Philippe  II,  13,  597 
Gadfly,  The,  25,  830 
Gaffarel,  Paul  Louis  Jacques: 

Les   Colonies  Francaises,  20,  408 
Gage    of    Red    and    White,    The,   25, 

836 
Gaines,  Charles  K.: 

Gorgo,  25,  824 
Gairdner,  James: 

Henry  the  Seventh,  11,  646 

Houses  of  Lancaster  and  York,  11, 
646 

Richard  III,  11,  646 
Galahad  of  the  Creeks,  A;  and  other 

Stories,  25,  832 
Galdos,  B.  Perez: 

Saragossa,  25,  833 

Trafalgar,  25,  865 
Galland,  W.  G.: 

Chinese  Porcelain,  6,  328 
Gallant   Grenadier,   A,    25,   867 
Gallant   Quaker,   A,  25,  857 
Gallenga,  Antonio: 

Invasion  otf  Denmark  in  1864,  The, 
16,  346 
Gallet,  Louis: 

Captain  Satan,  25,  838 
Gallus,  25,  825 
Gait,  John: 

Ringan  Gilhaize;  or,  The  Covenan- 
ters, 25,  873 
Garcia,  Francisco  Blanco: 

Literatura    Espanola    en    el    Siglo 
XIX,  8,   549 
Garcia,  Genaro: 

Caracter  de   la  conquista   Espanola 

en   America   y   en   Mexico   segun 

los    textos    de    los    historiadores 

primitivos,    21,   358 

Garcin   de   Tassy,   Joseph   Heliodore 

Sagesse  Vertu: 

Les   auteurs   hindoustainis   et   leurs 
ouvrages,  5,   397 
Garden     of    India,    or    Chapters    on 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


951 


Oudh  History  and  Affairs,  The,  5, 

398 
Garden  of  Swords,  The,  25,  844 
Gardiner : 

Casket  Letters,   12,  383 
Gardiner,  Bertha  M.: 

French  Revolution,  The,  9,  497,  10, 

507 
Gardiner,   Samuel  Rawson: 
History   of    England    from    1603   to 

1642,   11,  646,   24,    1 106 
History  of  the  Commonwealth  and 
Protectorate,    1649-1656,    11,    646, 
24,   1 106 
History    of    the    Great    Civil    War, 

1642-1649,   11,  646,   24,   1 106 
Thirty  Years'  War,  The,  18,  457 
Volumes  on   English   History  from 
James   I   to  the   Restoration,   12, 
381 
Gardner,  Edmund  G.: 
Desiderio,   25,   828 
Gardner,   Ernest  Arthur: 
Ancient  Athens,  2,  557 
Hand  Book  of  Greek  Sculpture,  2, 
558 
Gardner,  Percy: 
New  Chapters  in  Greek  History,  2, 
558 
Garibaldi,   Giuseppe: 
I  Mille,  4,  421 

Rule  of  the   Monk,  The,  25,  830 
Garner,   James   Wilford: 

Reconstruction    in    Mississippi,    24, 
1114 
Gamier,  Russell  M.: 

His    Counterpart,   25,   858 
When  Spurs  were  Gold,  25,  850 
White   Queen,  The,  25,  851 
Garrau,  Robert  Randolph,  and  Quick, 
John: 

Annotated  Constitution  of  the  Aus- 
tralian  Commonwealth,   The,   20, 
406 
Garrison,  William  Lloyd: 

Life  of  W.   L.   Garrison,  24,  1112 
Garshin,  V.  M.: 

Stories,    25,    878 
Gasiorowski,    Waclaw: 

Napoleon's    Love    Story,    25,    842, 

879 
Gaskell,  Mrs.: 
Sylvia's  Lovers,  25,  865 


Gaspe,  S.  A.  de: 

Canadians  of  Old,  25,  886 
Gaston   de   Latour,   25,   836 
Gathering  Clouds,  25,  822,  827 
Gathering  of  Brother   Hilarius,   The, 

25,  849 
Gaudentius,  25,  826 
Gaulot,  Paul: 

Red   Shirts,  The,  25,  841 
Gautier,  Theophile: 

Captain  Fracasse,  25,  837 

Un  Voyage  en  Russie,  15,  389 
Gay  and  Bryant: 

Popular     History     of     the     United 
States,  24,  1 103 
Gay,  Madame  Sophie: 

Marie  de  Mancini,  25,  837 
Gayarre,   Charles  Etienne   Arthur: 

History  of  Louisiana,  24,  mi 
Gayley,  Charles  M.: 

Classic   Myths,  2,  558 
Geiger,  W.: 

Ostiranische    Cultur    in    Alterthum, 
1,438 
Geijer,  Erik  Gustaf,  and  Carlson,  F. 

F.: 

Geschichte  Schwedens,  16,  346 
Gendarme  of  the  King,  A,  25,  884 
General    George,    25,    841 
General    History    of    Greece    to    the 

Death  of  Alexander,   2,  556 
General  History  of  New  England  to 

1680,   24,    1 108 
General  History  of  Rome,  A,  4,  420 
General   History  of  the   Turks,   The, 

14,  513 
Genesis     of    the     United     States     of 

America,  24,  1109 
Gentleman    Adventurer,    A,    25,    860, 

889 
Gentleman  of  England,  A,  25,  853 
Gentleman   of   France,   A,  25,  837 
Gentleman  Player,  A,  25,  854 
Geografia  de  Centro  America,  22,  516 
Geographical  and  Statistical  Notes  on 

Mexico,  22,   517 
Geographie    des   alten    Aegyptens,    1, 

432 
Geography    of    Africa    South    of    the 

Zambesi,   19,  325 
George,  H.  B.: 

Napoleon's  Invasion  of  Russia,  10, 
509 


952 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


George  III,  24,  1106 

Gerald  Fitzgerald  the  Chevalier,  25, 
830 

Gerlache,  fitienne  Constantin  de: 
Histoire  du  royaume  des  Pays  Bas, 
1814-1839,  13,  597 

German  Element  in  the  War  of 
American   Independence,  24,  11 10 

German  Political  Leaders,  18,  459 

German  Revolution  of  1849,  The,  18, 
456 

German  Society  at  the  Close  of  the 
Middle  Ages,  18,  459 

Germany,   18,  459 

Germany  and  England:  Their  Rela- 
tions in  the  Great  Crises  of  Euro- 
pean History,   1500-1900,  18,  458 

Germany  and  the  Germans,  18,  460 

Germany,  Past  and  Present,  18,  459 

Gerrare,  W.: 

Great   Russia,   15,  389 

Geschichte  Babyloniens  und  Assyr- 
iens,   1,  434,  435 

Geschichte  der  Araber  bis  auf  den 
Sturz  des  Chalifats  von  Bagdad,  1, 
438 

Geschichte  der  Chalifen,  1,  439 

Geschichte  der   deutschen   Kaiserzeit, 

18,  457 
Geschichte  der  deutschen  Litteratur, 

18,  460 
Geschichte  der  Hebraer,  1,  440 
Geschichte     der     Hebraischen     Zeit- 

alters,  I,  440 
Geschichte     der     Hohenstaufen     und 

ihrer  Zeit,  18,  458 
Geschichte    der    islamitischen    Volker 

von    Mohammed    bis    zur   Zeit   des 

Sultan    Selim   ubersichtlich   darges- 

tellt,  1,  439 
Geschichte    der   jiidischen    Volkes    in 

Zeitalter  Jesu  Christi,  1,  440 
Geschichte  der  Karthage,  1,  436 
Geschichte   der    Konige   von    Lydien, 

I,  437 

Geschichte  der  Neuesten  Zeit,  17,  467 
Geschichte   der   Neuzeit   Oesterreichs 

vom   18.  Jahrh.  bis  auf  die  Gegen- 

wart,  17,  467 
Geschichte  der  Niederlande,  13,  509 
Geschichte    der    Perser    und    Araber 

zur  Zeit  der  Sassaniden,  1,  438 


Geschichte    der    Revolutionszeit    von 

1 789-1 800,  17,  466 
Geschichte  der   Rhonezier,  1,  436 
Geschichte  der  Stadt  Babylon,  1,  435 
Geschichte   des   Abbasidenchalifats  in 

Aegypten,  1,  439 
Geschichte    des    alten    Aegyptens,    1, 

433 
Geschichte  des  alten   Indiens,   5,   393 
Geschichte  des  Alterthums,  1,  431 
Geschichte     des     deutschen     Reiches 

vom    Ende    des    vierzehnten    Jahr- 

hunderts   bis    zur    Reformation,    18, 

455 
Geschichte    des    griechischen    Plastik, 

2,  558 
Geschichte    des   jiidischen    Volkes,    I, 

439 
Geschichte     des     Levantshandels     im 

Mittelalter,  4,  420 
Geschichte    des    Osmanischen    Reichs 

in  Europa,  14,  513 
Geschichte   des   siebenjahrigen   Krieg, 

18,  458 
Geschichte     des     Volkes     Israel,     I, 

439,  440,  441 
Geschichte     Deutschlands     seit     dem 

Tode    Friederichs   des    Grossen    bis 

zur      Griindung       des       Deutschen 

Bunds,  17,  466 
Geschichte   Irans  von   Alexander  den 

Grossen    bis    zum    Untergang    der 

Arsakiden,   I,   438 
Geschichte    Israels    in    Eingeldarstel- 

lungen,   1,  441 
Geschichte     Italiens     von     Griindung 

der   regierenden    Dynastien   bis   auf 

die  Gegenwart,  4,  422 
Geschichte  Maria  Theresias,   17,  466 
Geschichte  Oesterreichs,  17,  465 
Geschichte      Oesterreichs      seit     dem 

Wiener  Frieden,  1809,  17,  467 
Geschichte  Schwedens,  16,  346 
Geschichte    Spaniens    vom    Ausbruch 

des    franzosischen     Revolution    bis 

auf  unsere  Tage,  8,  546 
Geschichte  von  Alt-Aegypten,    1,  433 
Geschichte  von  Bohmen,  17,  466 
Geschichte    von    Danemark    bis    zur 

Reformation,     mit     Inbegriff     von 

Norwegen  und  Island,  16,  345 
Geschichte    von    Italien,   4,  419 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


953 


Geschichte  von  Spanien,  8,  545 

Geschichtlicher  Ueberblick  der  Ad- 
ministrativen,  rechtlichen  und  fian- 
ziellen  Entwicklung  der  Nieder- 
landisch-Oostindischen  Compagnie, 
5,  398 

Geschiedenis  van  de  Nederlandsche 
Oost-Indische  Bezittingen,  5,  399 

Gibbon,  Charles: 

Braes  of  Yarrow,  The,  25,  872 

Gibbon,  Edward: 

History  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  of 
the   Roman   Empire,  4,  420 

Gibbon,   Frederick  P.: 
Disputed  V.  C,  The,  25,  832 
Prisoner  of  the   Gurkhas,   The,  25, 

831 
Gibbs,  J.  R.: 

British  Honduras,  22,   516 

Face    to    Face    with   the    Mexicans, 
22,  516 
Gibney,  S.: 

John  o'  London,   25,   848 

Maid  of   London    Bridge,   The,    25, 
852 
Giesebreckt,  Wilhelm  von: 

Geschichte    der    deutschen    Kaiser- 
zeit,  18,  457 
Gifford,   Evelyne: 

Provenzano  the  Proud,  25,  827 
Gilbert,  George: 

Baton  Sinister,  The,  25,  858 

Island  of  Sorrow,  The,  25,  870 
Giles,  Herbert  A.: 

Glossary  of  Reference  on  Subjects 
connected  with  the   Far   East,   6, 
328 
Gilian  the  Dreamer,  25,  875 
Gilkes,  A.  H.: 

Kallistratus,  25,  825 
Gilliat,  E.: 

Asylum  Christi,  25,  838 

Dorothy  Dymoke,   25,   852 

Forest  Outlaws,  25,  847 

God  Save  King  Alfred,  25,  846 

In  Lincoln  Green,  25,  848 

John  Standish,  25,  849 

King's  Reeve,  The,  25,  849 

Wolf's  Head,  25,  848 
Gilman,  Arthur,  and  Lane-Poole,   S.: 

Story    of   the    Moors    in    Spain,    8, 
547 


Gilman,  Daniel  Coit: 

Life  of  Monroe,  24,  1112 
Gindely,  Anton: 

History  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War, 

18,  457 

Girl  at  the  Halfway  House,  25,  899 

Girl  of  the  Multitude,  A,  25,  840 

Girlhood  of  Catherine  de'  Medici, 
The,   25,   828 

Girondists,  The,  9,  497 

Gissing,  George: 
Veranilda,   25,   827 

Gladiators,  The,  25,  823,  826 

Gladstone,  William  E.: 

Bulgarian    Horrors    and    the    Ques- 
tion of  the  Orient,  14,  514 
Studies  in  Homer  and  the  Homeric 
Age,  2,  558 

Glanville,  Ernest: 

Max  Thornton,  25,  886 

Glaser,  Eduard: 

Skizze  der  Geschichte  und  Geog- 
raphic Arabiens  von  den  altesten 
Zeiten  bis  zum  Propheten  Mu- 
hammad, 1,  438 

Glasgow,  Ellen: 

Battle   Ground,  The,   25,  898 
Voice  of  the   People,   The,  25,  899 

Glastonbury,  25,  846 

Gleaming   Dawn,   The,   25,   881 

Gleanings   in    Buddha-fields,    7,   332 

Glimpses  of  Unfamiliar  Japan,  7,  332 

Glories  of  Spain,  8,  550 

Glory  of  the  House  of  Israel,  The, 
25,  822 

Glossary  of  Indian  Terms  relating  to 
Religion,  Customs,  Government, 
Land  and  Other  Terms  and  Words 
in  Common  Use,  5,  394 

Glossary  of  Judicial  and  Revenue 
Terms  and  of  Useful  Words  occur- 
ring in  Official  Documents  relating 
to  the  Administration  of  the  Gov- 
ernment of  British  India,  5,  394 

Glossary  of  Reference  on  Subjects 
Connected  with  the  Far  East,  A,  6, 
328 

Glovatski,  A.: 

Pharaoh  and  the  Priest,  The,  25, 
821 

Goblet  d'Alviella,   Albert  Joseph: 
Ce  que  l'lnde  doit  a  la  Grece,  5,  397 


954 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


God  Save  England!,  25,  849 

God  Save  King  Alfred,  25,  846 

God  Save  the  King,  25,  857 

God  Seeker,  The,  25,  881 

God,  the  King,  my  Brother,  25,  833, 

849 
God's  Providence  House,  25,  863 
Godwin,  Parke: 

History  of  France,  9,  497 
Godwin,  William: 

St.  Leon,  25,  833 
Gogol,   Nikolai   Vasilievitch: 

Taras  Bulba,  25,  877 
Golden  Arrow,  The,  25,  886 
Golden    Book    of    Venice,    The,    25, 

829 
Golden  Dog,  The,  25,  887 
Golden  Fleece,  The,  25,  838,  879 
Golden  Galleon,  The,  25,  854 
Golden  Kingdom,  The,  25,  885 
Goldsmith,   Henry: 

Euancondit,  25,  888 
Goll,  H.: 

Kulturbilder  aus  Hellas  und  Rome, 
2,  558 
Gonzales,  D.: 

Geografia   de    Centro   America,   22, 
5i6 
Gooch,  G.  P.: 

English    Democratic    Ideas    of    the 
Seventeenth  Century,  24,  1106 
Good  Souls  of  Cider  Land,  25,  869 
Goodell,  W.: 

Slavery   and  Anti-Slavery,  24,   11 12 
Goodloe,  Carter: 

Calvert  of  Strathore,  25,  840 
Goodwin,  J.  A.: 

Pilgrim  Republic,  The,  24,  1108 
Goodwin,   Maud  Wilder: 

Head  of  a  Hundred,  The,  25,  890 

Sir  Christopher,  25,  890 

White  Aprons,  25,  891 
Gordon: 

History  of  Ireland,  12,  381 

History   of   the    Rebellion   of    1798, 
12,  382 
Gordon,  W.  J.: 

Englishman's  Haven,  25,  887 
Gordon,  William: 

Rise,  Progress,  and  Establishment 
of  the  Independence  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  24,  11 10 


Gordy,  J.  P.: 

History    of    Political    Parties,    24, 
1 106 
Gorgo,  25,  824 
Gorham,  George  C: 

Life  of  E.  M.  Stanton,  24,  11 14 
Gorst,  Harold  Edward: 

China,  6,  328 
Gosch,  Charles  A.: 

Denmark  and   Germany  since   1815, 
16,  346 
Goss,  E.  H.: 

Life    of    Colonel    Paul    Revere,    24, 
mi 
Gosse,  Edmund: 

Secret  of  Narcisse,   The,   25,  837 
Gottesdienst  von  Israel,  1,  440 
Gould,  S.  Baring: 

Cheap-Jack  Zita,  25,  866 

Domitia,  25,  826 

Germany,  Past  and  Present,  18,  459 

Grettir  the   Outlaw,  25,  880 

Guavas,  the  Tinner,  25,  853 

Iceland,  Its  Scenes  and   Sagas,  16, 
347 

In  Dewisland,  25,  868 

In  Exitu  Israel,  25,  840 

Kitty  Alone;  a  story  of  Three  Fires, 
25,  866 

Noemi:   a  Story  of  Rock-Dwellers, 
25,  835 

Pabo,  the  Priest,  25,  847,  868 

Perpetua,  25,  834 

Red  Spider,  25,  867 

Royal  Georgie,  25,  866 

Urith,  25,  859 
Government    of    Dependencies,    The, 

20,  411 
Government  of  India,  5,  394 
Government   of   M.   Thiers,   from  the 

8th   of  February,   1871,  to  the  24th 

of  May,   1873,  The,  9,  502 
Government     of     Tropical     Colonies, 

The,  20,  411 
Governments    and    Parties    in    Co.iti- 

nental   Europe,  9,  498 
Gowrie,  25,  872 
Gracchi,    Marius    and    Sulla,    The,   3, 

401 
Grace  O'Malley,  25,  868 
Grady,  Henry  Woodfin: 

New  South,  The,  24,  n  13 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


955 


Graeme,  Alastor: 

Romance   of  the   Lady   Arbell,   25, 

854 
Graetz,  Heinrich: 

History  of  the  Jews,  1,  440 
Graham,  John  W.: 

Neaera,  25,  825 
Graham,  R.  B.  Cunningham: 

Vanished   Arcadia,    A,   30,   401,   21, 
358 
Graham,  Winifred: 

Zionists,  The,  25,  824 
Grand   Remonstrance,  The,  11,  646 
Grande   Encyclopedic,  21,  359 
Grandissimes,   The,   25,   895 
Grant,  A.  J.: 

French  Monarchy,  The,  9,  497,  24, 
1 106 
Grant,  Charles: 

Stories  of  Naples  and  the  Camorra, 
25,  830 
Grant,  J.  Gregor: 

Rufus:  or,  The   Red  King,  25,  847 
Grant,  James: 

Adventures     of    an    Aide-de-Camp, 
The,  25,  829,  865 

Adventures   of    Rob    Roy,   25,   861, 

873 
Arthur    Blane;    or,    The    Hundred 

Cuirassiers,  25,  837 
Bothwell;   or,  The  Days  of  Queen 

Mary,   25,   872 
Captain  of  the  Guard,  The,  25,  871 
Duke      of     Albany's      Highlanders, 

The,  25,  832 
Harry  Ogilvie;  or,  The  Black  Dra- 
goons, 25,  872 
Jane  Seton,  25,  872 
Lady  Wedderburn's   Wish,   25,  867 
Laura   Everingham,  25,  867 
Lord  Hermitage,  25,  867 
Lucy  Arden,  25,  861,  873 
Mary  of  Lorraine,  25,  872 
Oliver  Ellis;  or,  The  Fusiliers,  25, 

864 
One  of  the  Six  Hundred,  25,  867 
Philip    Rollo,   25,  883 
Romance  of  War,  The,  25,  865 
Scottish  Cavalier,  The,  25,  873 
Second  to  None,  25,  863 
Under  the  Red  Dragon,  25,  867 
Yellow  Frigate,  The,  25,  871 


Grant,  Ulysses  S.: 

Memoirs,  24,  11 14 
Grant,  Ulysses,  24,  11 14 
Grantley  Fenton,  25,  843,  866 
Gras,  Felix: 

Reds  of  the  Midi,  The,  25,  840 

Terror,  The,  25,  840 

White  Terror,  The,  25,  840 
Graysons,  The,  25,  897 
Great  African  Island,  The,  19,  327 
Great  African  Travellers,  from  Mun- 

go  Park  to  Stanley,  19,  323 
Great  Britain  —  Board  of  Trade: 

Statistical  Abstract  for  the   Several 
Colonial  and  other  Possessions  of 
the   United   Kingdom,  20,  404 
Great    Company    (The    Hudson    Bay 

Company),  The,  20,  407,  24,   1107, 

1 108 
Great  Conspiracy,  The,  24,  n  14 
Great  French  Writers,  The,  9,  499 
Great  India  Epics,  the  Stories  of  the 

Ramayana  and  the  Mahabharata,  5, 

399 
Great  Proconsul,  The,  25,  831 
Great  Shadow,  The,  25,  843,  866 
Great  Treason,  A,  25,  894 
Greater   Greece   and   Greater   Britain, 

3,  558 
Greater   Russia,   15,   389 
Greece,  Ancient  and  Modern,  2,  558 
Greece    from    the    Earliest    Times    to 

the  Present,  2,  556 
Greece  in  the  Nineteenth  Century,  2, 

557 
Greece:     Pictorial,     Descriptive     and 

Historical,  2,  559 
Greece:    Present    Condition   and    Re- 
cent Progress,  2,  557 
Greece  under  King  George,  2,  556 
Greek  Life  and  Thought,  2,  558 
Greek  Studies,  2,  558 
Greek    World    Under    Roman    Sway, 

The,  2,  557 
Greeks  and  the  Persians,  The,  2,  556 
Greeley,  Horace: 

American    Conflict,    The,    24,    11 12, 
1113 
Green  Book,  The,  25,  878 
Green,  Evelyn  Everett: 

After  Worcester,  25,  857 

Cambria's   Chieftain,  25,  850,  868 


956 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Castle  of  the  White  Flag,  The,  35, 

844 
Clerk  of  Oxford,  A,  25,  848 
Dominique's  Vengeance,  25,  837 
Fallen   Fortunes,  25,  860 
Heir   of   Hascombe   Hall,   The,   25, 

851 
Hero  of  the  Highlands,  A,  25,  874 
In  Fair  Granada,  25,  833 
In  Taunton  Town,  25,  859 
In  the  Days  of  Chivalry,  25,  849 
In  the  Wars  of  the  Roses,  25,  850 
Lord  of  Dyneover,  The,  25,  849 
Lost  Treasure  of  Trevlyn,  The,  25, 

854 
My  Lady  Joanna,  25,  849 
Shut  In,  25,  876 
Tom  Tufton's  Toll,  25,  860 
Tom  Tufton's  Travels,  25,  860 
White    Wyvill    and    Red    Ruthven, 

25,  851 
Young  Pioneers,  The,  25,  891 
Green  Graves  of  Balgowrie,  The,  25, 

875 
Green,  H.: 

Scotch-Irish    in    America,    24,    1106 
Green,  J.  M.: 

Spanish    Conspiracy,   The,   24,    nil 
Green,  John  Richard: 

Conquest  of  Britain,  11,  647 

History  of  the  English  People,  II, 

645 

Making  of  England,  11,  647 
Green,  Kate  Norgate: 

Henry  II,  11,  647 
Green  Mountain  Boys,  The,  25,  893 
Greene,  E.  B.: 

Provincial  Governor,  The,  24,  1108 
Greene,    Francis   Vinton: 

General  Nathanael  Greene,  24,  nil 

Russian    Army    and    its    campaigns 
in  Turkey,  The,   14,  514 
Greene,    General    Nathanael,    24,    nil 
Greene,  George  Washington: 

General  Nathanael  Greene,  24,  1111 

German    Element    in    the    War    of 
American   Independence,  24,   11 10 

Historical  View  of  the  Revolution, 
24,  1 1 10 
Greenhow,  H.  M.: 

Brenda's    Experiment,   25,   832 
Greenidge,  A.  H.  J.: 

History  of  Rome  during  the  later 


Republic  and  Early  Principate  to 
Vespasian,  3,  400 
Roman   Public  Life,  3,  402 
Greswell,  William  Henry  Parr: 
Geography  of  Africa   south  of  the 
Zambesi,  19,  325 
Grettir  the  Outlaw,  25,  880 
Greville,  Charles  Cavendish  Fulke: 

Memoirs,  11,  647 
Grey  Cloak,  The,  25,  838 
Grey,  Cyril: 

For  Crown  and  Covenant,  25,  873 
Grey  Man,  The,  25,  872 
Gribble,  Francis: 

Romance    of    the    Tuileries,    A,    25, 

843 
Lake  Geneva  and  its  Literary  Land- 
marks, 13,  599 
Griechische  Geschichte,  2,  555 
Griechische       Geschichte       bis       zur 

Schlacht  bei  Chaeroneia,  2,  555 
Grier,  Sidney  C.: 
Advanced  Guard,  The,  25,  831 
Great  Proconsul,  The,  25,  831 
In  Furthest  Ind.,  25,  831 
Like  Another  Helen,  25,  831 
Warden   of  the   Marches,   The,   25, 
831 
Griffin,  A.  P.  C.: 

List    of    Books    with    reference    to 
Periodicals       Relating       to       the 
Theory  of  Colonization,   Govern- 
ment of  Dependencies,  19,  322 
Griffin,  Gerald: 

Duke  of  Monmouth,  25,  859 
Invasion,  The,  25,  868 
Griffis,  William  Elliot: 

Brave  Little   Holland,   13,  598 
Life  of  M.  C.  Perry,  7,  332 
Life  of  Townsend  Harris,  7,  332 
Mikado's   Empire,   7,  331 
Pilgrims    in    Their    Three    Homes, 
England,    Holland    and    America, 
24,   1 108 
Griffith,  George: 

Virgin  of  the  Sun,  The,  25,  889 
Griffiths,  Arthur: 

Before  the  British  Raj,  25,  831 
Royal  Rascal,  A,  25,  866 
Thin  Red  Line,  The,  25,  867 
Grinnell,  George  Bird: 

Story  of  the  Indian,  24,  1107 
Grisly  Grisell,  25,  850 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


957 


Grober: 

Grundriss     des     romanischen     Phi- 
lologie,  8,  549 
Grossi,  T.: 

Marco  Visconti,  25,  828 
Grosvenor,  Edwin  A.: 

Constantinople,  14,  515 
Grote,  George: 

History  of  Greece,  2,  555 
Groves,  J.  Percy: 

Duke's  Own,  The,  25,  831 

War  of  the  Axe,  The,  25,  885 
Growth    and    Influence    of    Classical 

Greek  Poetry,  The,  2,  558 
Growth  of  British  Policy,  11,  649 
Growth     of     English     Industry     and 

Commerce,    during    the    Early    and 

Middle  Ages,  The,  11,  646,  20,  404 
Growth  of  the  American  Nation,  The, 

24,   1 1 10 
Growth  of  the  Constitution,  24,  1106 
Growth  of  the   French   Nation,  The, 

9,  496 
Grundriss  der  indo-arischen  philologie 

und  altertums-kunde,  5,  396 
Grundriss   der    Oesterreichischen    Ge- 
schichte, 17,  465 
Grundriss  des  romanischen  Philologie, 

8,  549 
Guatemala,  the  Land  of  the  Quetzal, 

23,  515 
Guavas,  the  Tinner,  25,  853 
Guerazzi,  F.  D.: 

Beatrice  Cenci,  25,  829 

Isabella  Orsini,  25,  828 

La  Battaglia  di  Benevento,  25,  829 
Guerber,  Helene  Adeline: 

Myths  of  Greece  and  Rome,  2,  558 
Guerra  do  Paraguay,  21,  360 
Guerre  de  la  Prusse  et  de  l'ltalie  con- 

tre    l'Autriche    et    la    Confederation 

Germanique  en   1866,   18,  457 
Guert  Ten  Eyck,  25,  894 
Guide  to  American  History,  24,  1103 
Guide  to  the  Archives  of  the  United 

States,  24,  1 103 
Guillemard,  F.  H.  H.: 

Life  of  Ferdinand  Magellan  and  the 
First     Circumnavigation     of     the 
Globe,  24,   1 107 
Guinness,  L.  E.: 

Across   India   at   the   Dawn   of  the 
Twentieth    Century,   5,   395 


Guiterrez: 

La   Constituciones  politicas   que  ha 
tenido  la  republica  Boliviana  1826- 
1868,  21,  359 
Guizot,  Francois  Pierre  Gillaume: 

Popular  History  of  France,  9,  496 
Gulicks,  S.  L.: 

Evolution   of   the    Japanese,    Social 
and  Psychic,  7,  333 
Gull,  C.  Ranger: 

Serf,  The,  25,  847 
Gun  Runner,  The,  25,  885 
Gustav  Adolph,  18,  456 
Gustavus  III  and  his  Contemporaries, 

16,  345 
Gustavus  Adolphus,  16,  345 
Gustavus   Adolphus  and  the  Struggle 

of  Protestantism  for  Existence,  16, 

346 
Gustavus    Adolphus    and    the    Thirty 

Years'  War,  16,  345 
Gustavus   Adolphus   in    Germany,    16, 

347 
Gustavus  Vasa  and  his  Stirring  Times, 

16,  345 
Guthe,  Hermann: 

Geschichte    des    Volkes     Israel,    1, 
440 
Gutschmid,  Alfred  von: 

Geschichte     Irans     von     Alexander 
den    Grossen   bis    zum    untergang 
der   arsakiden,   1,   438 
Kleine  Schriften.  1,  436 
Phoenicia,      in      the      Encyclopaedia 
Britannica,  x,  436 
Guy   Fawkes,  25,  854 
Gwynett  of  Thornhaugh,  25,  839,  861 
Gwynn,  Stephen: 

John    Maxwell's    Marriage,    25,   870 


H 


Haandbog   i    Faedrelaudets    Historie, 

16,   345 
Hadley,  J.: 

Introduction  to  Roman  Law,  3,  402 
Haetler,  Konrad: 

Colonial    Kingdom    of    Spain;    The 
War     of     Independence     in     the 
South,  20,  402 
Hagan,   M.   P.,  25,  870 
Haggard,  H.  Rider: 

Brethren,  The,  25,  823 


958 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Lysbeth,    25,  876 

Montezuma's  Daughter,  25,  889 

Pearl   Maiden,  25,  823 

Swallow,  25,  885 
Haggard  H.  R.,  and  Lang,  A.: 

World's  Desire,  The,  25,  824 
Haidar  AH  and  Tipu  Sultan,  and  the 

Struggle  with  the  Mussulman  Pow- 
ers of  the  South,  5,  396 
Halde,  Jean  Baptiste  du: 

Description   Geographique,   etc..    de 
la  Chine,  6,  328 
Hale,  Edward  Everett 

East   and   West:    a    Story   of   New 
Ohio,  25,  895 

Franklin   in   France,   24,    11 10 

In  His  Name,  25,  834 

Philip  Nolan's  Friends,  25,  895 

Seven  Spanish  Cities,  8,  550 

Story  of  Mexico,   22,   516 
Hale,     Edward    Everett,     and     Hale, 

Susan: 

Spain,  8,   545 
Hales,  A.  G.: 

Driscoll,  King  of  Scouts,  25,  886 
Half  Century  of  Conflict,  A,  20,  408, 

24,  1 104 
Haliburton,  Thomas  Chandler: 

Old  Judge,  The,  25,  887 
Halil  the  Pedlar,  25,  879 
Hall,  Basil  H.: 

History    of    Eastern    Vermont    to 
the  close  of  the  Eighteenth  Cen- 
tury, 24,  i 108 
Hall,  H.  F.: 

Napoleon's    Letters    to    Josephine, 
10,  508 
Hall,  H.  R.: 

Oldest  Civilization  of  Greece,  The, 
2,  558 
Hall,  Henry: 

Ethan  Allen,  24,  mi 
Hall,  Hubert: 

Court    Life    under   the    Plantagenet 
Kings,  25,  847 
Hall,  Marie: 

Andrew    Marvel    and    his    Friends, 

25,  855 
Hall,  Moreton: 

General   George,  25,  841 
Hall,  Ruth: 

Golden  Arrow,  The,  25,  886 


Hallam,  Henry  Fitzmaurice: 

Constitutional  History  of  England. 
11,  647,  12,  381,  24,  1 106 

Hallo  well,  R.  P.: 

Quaker  Invasion  of  Massachusetts, 

24,  1 109 
Hamel,  Ernest: 

Histoire  de  Robespierre,  10,  508 
Hamilton,  Alexander: 

New  Account  of  the  East  Indies,  5, 

397 
Hamilton,  Alexander,  24,    11 11 
Hamilton,  Alexander;  Jay,  John;  and 

Madison,  James: 

Federalist,    The,   24,    1105 
Hamilton,  Bernard: 

Coronation,   25,   850 
Hamilton,  Lord  Ernest  William: 

Mary  Hamilton,   25,  872 

Mawkin  of  the   Flow,  The,  25,  871 

Outlaws  of  the   Marches,  The,  25, 
872 
Hamilton,  Eugene  Lee: 

Lord   of  the   Dark  Red   Star,   The, 

25,  827 
Hamilton,  John  Arthur: 

MS.  in  the  Red   Box,  The,  25,  854 
Hamilton,  John  C: 

Alexander   Hamilton,  24,   mi 
Hamilton,  Lillias: 

Vizier's    Daughter,    A:    A    Tale    of 
the   Hazara   War,   25,  832 
Hamm,  M.  A.: 

Porto    Rico   and   the   West   Indies, 
22,  518 
Hammer,  The,  25,  822 
Hammer-Purgstall,      Joseph,      Baron 

von: 

Histoire  de  l'Empire  Ottoman,  14, 

513 
Hancock,  General,  24,   11 14 
Hancock,  Albert  Elmer: 

Henry    Bourland,    25,    899 
Hancock,  Sardius: 

Tonford    Manor:    a    Pre-Reforma- 
tion  Story,  25,  851 
Hand  Atlas  of  India,  5,  395 
Hand  of  Leonore,  The,  25,  839 
Handbok    e    Sveriges    Geograph,    16, 

348 
Hand-book    for    Travelers    in    Japan, 

7,  331 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


959 


Hand-book  of  Colloquial  Japanese,  7, 

333 
Handbook   of   English   Political   His- 
tory, 11,  645 
Hand    Book   of    Greek    Sculpture,    2, 

558 
Handbook  of  Jamaica,  The,  22,  518 
Hand-book  of   Modern   Japan,    A,   7, 

33i 
Handbuch   der  spanischen   Litteratur, 

8,  549 
Handel,    Recht,    und    Sitte    im    alten 

Babylonien,  1,  434 
Hannibal,  3,  401 

Hannibal    and    the     Great    War    be- 
tween Rome  and  Carthage,  3,  401 
Hanotaux,   Gabriel: 

Contemporary  France,  9,  497 
Hanover   and   Prussia,    1795-1803,    10, 

509 
Hansa  Towns,  The,  18,  459 
Harcourt,  A.  F.  P.: 

Jenetha's  Venture,  25,  832 

Peril  of  the  Sword,  The,  25,  832 
Hardy,  Arthur  Sherburne: 

Passe  Rose,  25,  834,  882 
Hardy,  Thomas: 

Trumpet-Major,  The,   25,   864 
Hare,  Augustus  John  Cuthbert: 

Sketches  in  Holland  and  Scandina- 
via,  13,   598 

Wanderings  in  Spain,  8,  550 
Hare,  Christopher: 

Felicita,  25,  828 
Hare,  Julius  Charles: 

History  of  Rome,  3,  399 
Harold,  25,  846 

Harold   the    Norseman,    25,    880 
Harper,    Carrie    A.,    and    Dix,    Marie 

Beulah: 

Beau's  Comedy,  The,  25,  895 
Harper,   Robert   Francis: 

Assyrian    and     Babylonian     Litera- 
ture, 1,  434 

Code  of  Hammurabi,  King  of  Baby- 
lon, about  2250  B.   C,   1,  434 
Harris,  Joel  Chandler: 

Free  Joe,  25,  897 

Little  Union  Scout,  A,  25,  899 

On  the  Wing  of  Occasions,  25,  898 
Harrison,  F.  B.: 

Brothers  in  Arms,  25,  847 


Harrison,    Frederick: 

William  the   Silent,   13,   598 
Harrison,  James  Albert: 

Story  of  Greece,  2,  556 
Harrisse,    H.: 

Christopher  Columbus,  24,  1107 
Harrop,  R.: 

Bolingbroke,   II,   647 
Harry,  Blind: 

Wallace,  12,  383 
Harry   Ogilvie;   or,   The    Black   Dra- 
goons, 25,  872 
Hart  and  Channing: 

Guide    to    American     History,    24, 
1 103 
Hart,  Albert  Bushnell: 

American  History  Told  by  Contem- 
poraries,   24,    1 104 

American  Nation,  The,  24,  1103 

Formation  of  the   Union,   24,    1111 

Foundations  of  American  Foreign 
Policy,  20,  411 

Life  of  S.  P.  Chase,  24,  11 14 
Hart,  Sir  Robert: 

These  from  the  Land  of  Sinim,  6, 
326 
Harte,  Bret: 

Clarence,  25,  899 

Gabriel   Conway,   25,  897 
Hartford   Convention,  The,   24,   1106 
Hartland  Forest,  25,  861 
Hartley,  May: 

Hagan,  M.   P.,  25,  870 
Harvard,  H.: 

In    the    Heart   of    Holland,    13,    598 
Haskins,  C.  D.: 

For  the  Queen  in  South  Africa,  25, 
886 
Hassall,  Arthur  Hill: 

Essays  Introductory  to  the  Study 
of  English  Constitutional  His- 
tory, 11,  650 

French  People,  The,  9,  496 

Louis  XIV,  9,  497 
Hastings,  James: 

Dictionary  of  the  Bible,  1,  440 
Hastings  the  Pirate,  25,  846 
Hatch,  L.  C: 

Administration     of     the     American 
Revolutionary  Army,  24,  mo 
Hatton,  Joseph: 

By  Order  of  the  Czar,  25,  878 


960 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Dagger    and    the    Cross,    The,    25, 
858 

Under  the  Great  Seal,  25,  888 
Hauff,  Wilhelm: 

Marie  of  Lichtenstein,  25,  883 
Haunt  of  Ancient  Peace,  A,  25,  856 
Haurvatat   et   Ameretot,   essai   sur   la 

mythologie  de  l'Avesta,  1,  437 
Hausrath,  Prof.: 

Jetta,  25,  882 

Klytia,  25,  883 
Hausser,  Ludwig: 

Geschichte    Deutschlands    seit    dem 
Tode   Friedrichs  des   Grossen  bis 
zur     Griindlung     des     deutschen 
Bundes,  17,  467,  18,  457 
Havelock,  the  Dane,  25,  845 
Haverfield,  E.  L.: 

Stanhope,  25,  855 
Haviland's   Chum,   25,   885 
Hawkins,  John,  24,   11 10 
Hawks,  Francis  Lister: 

History     of     North     Carolina,     24, 
1 109 
Hawley,  Sir  Edward: 

War  in  the  Crimea,  The,  14,  514 
Hawthorne,   Nathaniel: 

Mosses    from    an    Old    Manse,    25, 
892, 

Scarlet  Letter,  The,  25,  891 

Tanglewood  Tales,  25,  824 

Twicetold   Tales,   25,  892 

Wonder  Book,  25,  824 
Hawtrey,    Valentina: 

Perronelle,   25,   835 
Hay,  John: 

Castilian  Days,   8,  550 

Life  of  Lincoln,   24,   11 12,   11 14 
Hayashi,   Viscount: 

For    his    People:    being    the    True 
Story   of   Sogoro's    Sacrifice,    25, 
832 
Hayens,  Herbert: 

At  the  Point  of  the  Sword,  25,  889 

Emperor's  Doom,  An,  25,  899 
Hayes,  F.  W.: 

Gwynett   of   Thornhaugh,    25,    839, 
861 

Kent  Squire,  A,  25,  839,  861 

Shadow  of  a  Throne,  The,  25,  841 
Hayti,  22,  518 


Hazen,  C.  D.: 

Contemporary  American  Opinion  of 
the  French  Revolution,  9,  497 
Hazzledine,  G.  D.: 

White    Man    in    Nigeria,    The,    19, 
325 
Head  of  a  Hundred,  The,  25,  890 
Headlam,  J.  W.: 

Foundation  of  the  German  Empire, 
1817-1871,  The,  18,  457 
Headland,  Isaac  Taylor: 

Chinese  Boy  and  Girl,  The,  6,  327 

Chinese  Heroes,  6,  326 

Chinese  Mother  Goose   Rhymes,  6, 

327 
Second     War    with     England,     24, 
1112 
Hearn,  Lafcadio: 

Exotics  and   Retrospectives,  7,  332 
Gleanings  in  Buddha-fields,  7,  332 
Glimpses    of    Unfamiliar    Japan,    7, 

332 
In  Ghostly  Japan,  7,  332 
Japan:  An  Interpretation,  7,  332 
Japanese  Miscellany,  A,  7,  332 
Kokoro:  Hints  and  Echoes  of  Jap- 
anese  Inner   Life,   7,   332 
Kwaidan,  7,  332 
Out  of  the  East,  7,  332 
Romance  of  Milky  Way,  7,  332 
Shadowings,   7,   332 
Youma,  25,  889 
Heart  of  Africa,  The,  19,  326 
Heart  of  Midlothian,  The,  25,  874 
Heart's  Highway,  The,  25,  891 
Heart's  Key,  The,  25,  834 
Hearts  of  Wales,  25,  868 
Hebbard,  S.  S.: 

Wisconsin    Under    French    Domin- 
ion, 24,  1 108 
Hebraische  Archaologie,  I,  439 
Heckewelder,  John: 

History  of  the  Indian  Nations  Who 
Once  Inhabited  Pennsylvania  and 
the   Neighboring   States,  24,   1107 
Heeren,  Arnold  Hermann  Ludwig: 
Historical  Researches  into  the  Pol- 
itics,   Intercourse,    and    Trade    of 
the      Carthaginians,      Ethiopians, 
and  Egyptians,  I,  431 
Heidelberg,  25,  883 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


961 


Heidenstam,  O.  G.   von: 

Swedish   Life   in  Town  and    Coun- 
try,  1 6,  348 
Heidenstam,  Verner  von: 

King  and  His  Campaigners,  A,  25, 
880 
Heimskringla:   or,   The  Sagas   of  the 

Norse  Kings,  16,  346,  349 
Heinrich,  L.: 

Geschichte  von  Italien,  4,  419 
Heir,  J.  C: 

Die  Schweiz,  13,  599 
Heir    of    Hascombe    Hall,    The,    25, 

851 
Heiress  of  the  Forest,  The,  25,  838 
Held   Fast  for  England,  25,  863 
Helen  Adair,  25,  888 
Helen  Treveryan,  25,  832 
Helen's  Pilgrimage  to  Jerusalem,  25, 

822 
Helme,  Elizabeth: 

St.   Clair  of  the  Isles,  25,  871 
Helmet  of  Navarre,  The,  25,  837 
Helmott,  Hans  Ferdinand: 

History  of  the  World:  a  Survey  of 
Man's   Record,  21,  357 
Helper,  Hinton  Rowman: 

Impending  Crisis,  The,  24,   1112 

Lord  of  Gold,  24,  11 12 
Helps,  Sir  Arthur: 

Ivan  de  Biron,  25,  878 

Realmah,  25,  877 

Spanish  Conquest  in  America,  The, 
20,  402,  24,  1 107 

Spanish    Conquest    in    Mexico,    22, 
5i6 
Henderson: 

Casket  Letters,  12,  383 
Henderson,  E.  F.: 

History    of    Germany    in    the    Mid- 
dle Ages,  18,  457 

Short  History  of  Germany,  18,  455 
Henderson,  G.  F.  R.: 

Stonewall   Jackson   and    the    Amer- 
ican  Civil  War,  24,   11 14 
Henham,  Ernest  George: 

Menotah,  25,  888 

Plowshare  and  the   Sword,  The:   a 
Tale  of   Empire,  25,  886 
Henne,  Alexander: 

Histoire  du  regne  de  Charles  V  en 
Belgique,  13,  598 
Henry,  Patrick,  24,  nil,  11 13 


Henry,  W.  W.: 

Patrick  Henry,  24,  nil,  1113 

Henry  Bourland,  25,  899 

Henry  VIII  and  his  Court:  or,  Cath- 
erine Parr,  25,  852 

Henry    Esmond,   25,    860 

Henry  Masterton,  25,  856 

Henry   of   Guise;    or,   The    States   of 
Blois,   25,  837 

Henry  of  Navarre,  9,  500 

Henry  St.  John,  25,  893 

Henry  the  Seventh,  11,  646 

Henry   II,  11,  647 

Henslowe,  J.  R.: 

Duke's     Winton:     a     Chronicle     of 
Sedgemoor,  25,  859 

Hensman,  H.: 
Afghan  War  of  1879-1880,  5,  397 
History   of   Rhodesia,    19,   322 

Henty,  George  Alfred: 

At  Aboukir  and  Acre,  25,  864 

At  Agincourt,   25,  850 

At  the    Point   of   the    Bayonet,   25, 

831 

Beric,  the  Briton,  25,  844 
Bonnie   Prince   Charlie,  25,  874 
Both  Sides  the  Border,  25,  850 
Bravest    of    the     Brave,     The;     or, 

With  Peterborough  in  Spain,  25, 

833,  860 
By  Conduct  and  Courage,  25,  865 
By  England's  Aid,  25,  854,  876 
By  Pike  and  Dyke,  25,  876 
By  Right  of  Conquest,  25,  889 
By  Sheer  Pluck,  25,  885 
Cornet  of  Horse,  The,  25,  860 
Dragon    and    the    Raven,    The,    25, 

846 
For  Name  and  Fame,  25,  832 
Friends  Though  Divided,  25,  856 
Held   Fast  for  England,  25,  863 
In    Freedom's    Cause,    25,   871 
In  Greek  Waters,  25,  825 
In  the   Irish   Brigade,   25,  861 
In  the   Reign  of  Terror,  25,  841 
In  Times  of  Peril,  25,  832 
Jack  Archer,  25,  867 
Jacobite  Exile,  A,  25,  880 
Knight  of  the  White  Cross,  A,  25, 

825,  879 
Lion    of    St.    Mark,    The,    25,    828, 

883 
Maori  and  Settler,  25,  888 


962 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


March  on  London,  A,  25,  850 
No   Surrender,  25,  840 
On  the  Irrawaddy,  25,  831 
One  of  the  28th,  25,  866 
Orange  and  Green,  25,  869 
Out  with  Garibaldi,  25,  830 
Roving  Commission,  A,  25,  889 
St.   Bartholomew's   Eve,  25,  836 
St.  George  for  England,  25,  849 
Through  Russian  Snows,  25,  878 
Through  the  Fray,  25,  865 
Through  the  Sikh  War,  25,  831 
Through  Three  Campaigns,  25,  832 
Tiger   of   Mysore,   The,   25,   831 
To   Herat  and   Cabul,  25,  831 
True  to  the  Old   Flag,  25,  893 
Under   Drake's    Flag,   25,   853 
Under  Wellington's   Command,   25, 

865 
When  London  Burned,  25,  858 
Winning  His  Spurs,  25,  823 
With  Clive  in  India,  25,  831 
With    Cochrane   the   Dauntless,   25, 

866 
With    Frederick  the   Great,   25,  884 
With  Kitchener  in  the  Soudan,  25, 

885 
With  Lee  in  Virginia,  25,  898 
With  Moore  at  Corunna,  25,  865 
With  the  Allies  to  Pekin,  25,  867 
With  the  British  Legion,  25,  834 
With  Wolfe  in  Canada,  25,  887 
Woman    of   the    Commune,    A,    25, 

844 

Won  by  the  Sword,  25,  884 

Wulf  the  Saxon,  25,  846 

Young  Buglers,  The,  25,  865 

Young    Colonists,   The,    25,   885 

Young  Franc-Tireurs,  The,  25,  844 
Herald  of  the  West,  A,  25,  895 
Herbert,    Hilary    Abner: 

Why  the  Solid  South,  24,  1113 
Herbert,  W.  H.: 

Wages  of  Battle,  The,  25,  846 
Herbert,  W.  V.: 

Defense  of  Plevna,  14,  514 
Herculano,  Alexandria: 

Historia   de   Portugal,   8,   545 
Herder,   Johann  Gottfried  von: 

Outlines   of  the    Philosophy  of  the 
History  of  Man,  1,  431 
Hereward   the  Wake,  25,  846 
Heritage,  The,  25,  894 


Heritage    of    Longdale,    The,    25,   861 

Heritage  of  the  Free,  The:  or,  More 
than  Conquerors,  25,  875 

Heritage  of  Unrest,  The,  25,  899 

Herman,  Henry,  and   Murray,  David 
Christie : 
One  Traveller  Returns,  25,  844 

Hermann,  Binger: 

Louisiana  Purchase  and  Our  Title 
West  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
The,  24,  1 1 12 

Hermann  Agha:  an  Eastern  Narra- 
tive, 25,  822 

Hero  King,  A,  25,  846 

Hero  of  Lucknow,  A,  25,  832 

Heroes,   The,  25,  824 

Heroes  of  Chivalry  and  Romance, 
25,  844 

Heroes  of  the  Nations,  20,  400 

Heroic  Japan,  7,  332 

Heroine  of  the  Strait:  a  Romance  of 
Detroit  in  the  Time  of  Pontiac, 
The,  25,  892 

Hertslet,  Sir  E.: 

Map  of  Africa  by  Treaty,  The,  19, 
322 

Hervey,  Maurice  H.: 

Eric,  the  Archer,  25,  849 

Herstfeld,  L.: 

Geschichte    des    Volkes    Israel,    I, 

440 
Jewish  Encyclopaedia,  The,  1,  440 

Hesekiel,  J.  G.  L.: 

Two  Queens,  25,  840,  881 

Hessians  in  the  Revolution,  The,  24, 
1110 

Hetty  Wesley,  25,  862 

Hewlett,  Maurice: 

Brazenhead  the  Great,  25,  850 
Buondelmonte's   Saga,   25,   829 
Fool  Errant,  The,  25,  829 
Forest  Lovers,  The,  25,  848 
Heart's   Key,  The,  25,  834 
Life    and    Death    of    Richard    Yea- 

and-Nay,  The,  25,  847 
Little  Novels  of  Italy,  25,  828 
Love  Chase,  The,  25,  828 
New   Canterbury  Tales,  25,  849 
Queen's  Quair,  The,  25,  872 
Richard  Yea  and  Nay,  25,  834 

Heyd,  W.  von: 

Geschichte  des  Levantshandels  im 
Mittelbalther    (Histoire   du   com- 


AUTHORS    AND   TITLES 


963 


merce  du  Levant  au  moyen  age), 
4,  420,   5,  397 
Higgins,  J.: 

Spanish    Life    in    Town    and    Coun- 
try,  8,    550 
Higginson,  Thomas  Wentworth: 
Larger     History     of     the      United 
States,  24,   1 103 
Hildreth,  Richard: 

History   of   the   United    States,   24, 

1 104 
Japan  as  it  was  and  is,  7,  332 
Hildreth,  Samuel  Prescott: 

Pioneer  History,  24,   11 12 

Hill,   Robert  T.: 

Commercial   Relations  of  the  United 

States  with  the  Far  East,  20,  411 

Cuba  and  Porto  Rico  with  the  other 

Islands   of   the    West    Indies,    22, 

518 

Hillary,  Max: 

Blue  Flag,  The,  25,  859 

Hilprecht,   Hermann: 

Recent  Researches  in  the  Bible 
Lands,  I,  434 

Hilt  to  Hilt,  25,  899 

Himly: 

Histoire  de  la  formation  territoriale 
des  Etats  de  l'Europe  centrale, 
17,  466 

Hinde,  Sidney  Langford: 
Fall  of  the  Congo  Arabs,  The,  19, 
322 

Hinds,  A.  B.: 

England  of  Elizabeth,  The,  24,  1106 

Hindu   Manners,   Customs,  and  Cere- 
monies, 5,  397 

Hindu   Tribes   and    Castes,   5,   400 

Hinkson,  H.  A.: 

King's  Deputy,  The,  25,  869 
King's  Woman,  A,  25,  870 
Point  of  Honour,  The,  25,  869 
Silk  and  Steel,  25,  855,  869 
Splendid  Knight,  The,  25,  853 
Up  for  the  Green,  25,  870 

Hinsdale,  Burke  Aaron: 
Old  Northwest,  The,  24,   1105 

Hirobumi,  Count  Ito: 

Commentaries  on  the  Constitution 
of  the  Empire  of  Japan,  7,  333 

His  Counterpart,  25,  858 

His  Eminence,  25,  829 


His  Excellency,  25,  843 

His  Grace  o'  the  Gunne,  25,  858 

His  Grace  of  Osmonde,  25,  860 

His  Heart's  Desire,  25,  837 

His   Indolence   of  Arras,  25,  838 

His  Most  Dear  Ladye,  25,  853 

Hispaniola  Plate,  The,  25,  860,  889 

Histoire  de  Belgique,  13,  598 

Histoire  de  France,  9,  495,  10,  508 

Histoire  de  France  depuis  les  origines 

jusq'  a  la  revolution,  9,  496 
Histoire   de   la   formation    territoriale 

des  Etats  de  l'Europe  centrale,  17, 

465 
Histoire  de  la  guerre  du  Mexique,  22, 

516 
Histoire  de  la  litterature  hindouie  et 

hindoustanie,  5,  397 
Histoire  de  l'Art,  2,  558 
Histoire  de  la  Russie,  15,  389 
Histoire   de   la    sculpture    grecque,   2, 

557 
Histoire  de  la  Suisse,   13,  599 
Histoire  de  la  Terreur,  d'apres  Docu- 
ments   authentiques    et   inedits,    10, 

508 
Histoire    de    TAutriche    Hongrie,    17, 

465 
Histoire    de    l'Empire    Ottoman,    14, 

513 
Histoire  de  Napoleon  Ier,  10,  509 
Histoire  de   Robespierre,   10,  508 
Histoire  des  Hongrois  et  de  leur  lit- 
terature  politique    de    1790   a    1815, 

}7,  467 

Histoire  des  Italiens,  4,  419 

Histoire   des    Republiques    Italiennes, 

4,  420 
Histoire     diplomatique    de    l'Europe, 

18 14-1878,   18,  456 
Histoire  du  commerce   du  Levant  au 

moyen  age,  5,  397 
Histoire  du  peuple  d'  Israel,  1,  440 
Histoire   du    regne   de    Charles   V   en 

Belgique,  13,  598 
Histoire    du    regne    de    Louis    XVII, 

10,  508 
Histoire   du   royaume   des   Pays   Bas, 

1814-1839,   15,  597 
Histoire    generale,    15,    390,    19,    323, 

21,  359 
Histoire  generale  de  la  Chine,  6,  325 


964 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Histoire  generale   des    Hongrois,   17, 

466 
Histoire  generale  des  Huns  des  Tures 

des  Mongols  et  des  autres  Tartars 

occidentaux,  6,  325 
Histoire     philosophique     et    politique 

des  etablissements  et  du  commerce 

des  Europeens  dans  les  deux  Indes, 

5,  399 
Histoire  Politique  de  l'Espagne  Mod- 
erne,   suivie   d'   un   Apenju   sur   les 

Finances,  8,  548 
Histoire  Resumee  d'ltalie,  4,  419 
Historia   antigua   y   de    la    conquista, 

22,  517 
Historia    de   la   dominacion    espafiola 

en   Mexico   desde    1521   a   1808,   22, 

517 

Historia  de  la  Revolucion  de  Mexico 
contra  la  dictadura  del  General 
Santa  Anna,  22,  517 

Historia  de  las  Ideas  Esteticas  en 
Espana,  8,  549 

Historia  de  los  trovadores,  8,  549 

Historia  de   Portugal,  8,   545 

Historia  del  Uruguay,  21,  360 

Historia  do   Brazil,  21,  360 

Historia  do  Brazil  de  1831-1840,  21, 
360 

Historia  general  de   Chili,  21,  360 

Historia  general  de  Espana,  8,  545, 
548 

Historiae  Hungaricae  fontes  domes- 
tici,   17,  466 

Historians  of  Scotland,  12,  382 

Historic  Highways  of  North  Amer- 
ica, 24,  1 107 

Historic  Studies  in  Vaud,  Berne  and 
Savoy,  13,  599 

Historical  Account  of  the  Black  Em- 
pire of  Hayti,  Comprising  a  View 
of  the  Principal  Transactions  in  the 
Revolution  of  St.  Domingo  with  its 
Ancient  and  Modern  State,  22,  518 

Historical  and  Descriptive  Account  of 
Cape   Breton,  24,   1107 

Historical  and  Descriptive  Account  of 
Persia,  5,  401 

Historical  Documents  and  Reflections 
in  the  Government  of  Holland,  13, 
597 

Historical  Essays,  10,  508 


Historical  Geography  of  the  British 
Colonies,  A,  20,  405 

Historical  Geography  of  the  Holy- 
Land,  The,  1,  441 

Historical  Geography  of  the  United 
States,  24,   1 105 

Historical  Introduction  to  the  Pri- 
vate Law  of  Rome,  3,  402 

Historical  Memoirs  of  the  Emperor 
Alexander  I,  15,  389 

Historical,  Military,  and  Picturesque 
Observations  on  Portugal,  8,  547 

Historical  Record  of  the  Madras  Eu- 
ropean Regiment,  5,  394 

Historical  Researches  into  the  Poli- 
tics, Intercourse,  and  Trade  of  the 
Carthaginians,  Ethiopians,  and 
Egyptians,  1,  431 

Historical  Review  of  the  Revolutions 
of  Portugal  since  the  Close  of  the 
Peninsular  War,  8,  546 

Historical  Review  of  the  State  of 
Ireland  from  Henry  II  to  the  Un- 
ion, 12,  381 

Historical  Sketch  of  the  Second  War 
between  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britain,  24,   11 12 

Historical  Sketches  of  the  South  of 
India  in  an  attempt  to  trace  the 
History  of  Mysore,  5,  400 

Historical  View  of  the  Revolution, 
24,   1 1 10 

Historien  der  Nederlanden,  13,  599 

Histories  of  Polybius,  The,  3,  399 

Historisch  geographischer  Atlas  des 
Oesterreichischen  Staats,  17,  466 

History  and  Conquests  of  the  Sara- 
cens, The,  14,  513 

History  and  Digest  of  the  Interna- 
tional Arbitrations  to  Which  the 
United  States  Has  Been  a  Party, 
24,  1 105 

History,  Civil  and  Commercial,  of 
the  British  Colonies  in  the  West 
Indies,  20,  407 

History  of  Agathon,  The,  25,  824 

History  of  Agriculture  and  Prices  in 
England,  11,  648 

History  of  Alabama,  24,  11 12 

History  of  America,  20,  403,  24,  1108 

History  of  American  Manufactures, 
24,  1 105 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


965 


History  of  American  Political  The- 
ories, 24,  1110 

History  of  Ancient  Egypt,  A,  1,  433 

History  of  Ancient  Sanskrit  Litera- 
ture, 5,  399 

History  of  Antiquity,   1,  431 

History  of  Architecture,  1,  432,  5, 
397 

History  of  Art  in  Ancient  Egypt,  1, 
433 

History  of  Art  in  Chaldsea  and  As- 
syria, I,  435 

History  of  Art  in  Persia,  1,  438 

History  of  Art  in  Phoenicia  and  its 
Dependencies,  1,  436 

History  of  Art  in  Phrygia,  Lydia, 
Caria   and   Lycia,    1,  437 

History  of  Babylonia  and  Assyria,  A, 

1,  435 

History  of  Belgium,  The,  13,  597 
History  of  Bengal  from  the  first  Mo- 
hammedan   Invasion   until   the   Vir- 
tual  Conquest   of  that   Country   by 
the  English,  A.  D.  1757,  5,  400 
History  of  Brazil,  20,  400 
History  of  British  India,  5,  393 
History    of    Brule's    Discoveries    and 

Explorations,   1610-1636,  24,    1108 
History   of    California,   24,    11 12 
History  of  Canada,  24,  407,  24,  1107, 
1 1 10 

History  of  Canada  Under  French 
Regime,  24,   1107 

History  of   Central   America,   20,  400 

History  of  Central  America  and  of 
Mexico,  24,  1 107 

History  of  Charles  the  Bold,  9,  497 

History  of  China,  6,  325 

History  of  Christianity  in  India  from 
the  Commencement  of  the  Chris- 
tian Era,  5,  394 

History  of  Civilization,  10,  507 

History  of  Civilization  in  Ancient  In- 
dia based  on  Sanskrit  Literature,  5, 

393 

History  of  Civilization  in  Scotland, 
12,  382 

History  of  Classical  Greek  Litera- 
ture, 2,  558 

History  of  Colonization  from  the 
Earliest  Times  to  the  Present  Day, 
20,  399 


History    of    Denmark,    Sweden    and 

Norway,  16,  345 
History  of  Detroit  and  Michigan,  24, 

1 108 
History  of   Eastern   Vermont   to  the 

Close    of   the    Eighteenth    Century, 

24,   1 108 
History  of  Education   in   the   United 

States,  24,  1 105 
History  of  Egypt,   I,  433 
History  of   Egypt   from   the   Earliest 

Times  to  the  Persian   Conquest,  1, 

432 
History  of  Egypt   from   the    Earliest 

Times  to  the  XXXth   Dynasty,  A, 

I,  433 

History  of  Egypt  from  the  End  of 
the  Neolithic  Period  to  the  Death 
of  Cleopatra  VII,  B.  C.  30,  A,  1, 
432 

History  of  Egypt  in  the  Middle  Ages, 
A,  1,  433 

History  of  Egypt  under  Roman  Rule, 
A,   1,  433 

History  of  Egypt  under  the  Pha- 
raohs, 1,  432 

History  of  Egypt  under  the  Ptole- 
maic Dynasty,  A,  1,  433 

History  of  England,   11,  645 

History  of  England,  1701-1713,  24, 
1 106 

History  of  England,  1713-1783,  24, 
1 106 

History  of  England,  comprising  the 
Reign  of  Anne  until  the  Peace  of 
Utrecht,  11,  649 

History  of  England  during  the  Reign 
of  George  III,  A,  11,  648,  24,  1106 

History  of  England  during  the  Thirty 
Years'  Peace,  A,  11,  647 

History   of   England   from    1603-1642, 

II,  646,  24,  1 106 

History  of  England  from  1815,  24, 
1 106 

History  of  England  from  the  Acces- 
sion of  James  II,  11,  647,  24,  1106 

History  of  England  from  the  begin- 
ning of  the  XIX.  Century  to  the 
Crimean  War,  24,  1106 

History  of  England  from  the  Con- 
clusion of  the  Great  War  in  1815, 
A,  11,  650 


966 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


History  of  England  from  the  Fall  of 
Wolsey  to  the  Defeat  of  the  Span- 
ish Armada,  II,  646,  24,  1106 

History  of  England  from  the  Peace 
of  Utrecht  to  the  Peace  of  Ver- 
sailles, 11,  649 

History  of  England  from  the  Year 
1830-1874,  11,  648 

History  of  England  in  the  Sixteenth 
and  Seventeenth  Century,  11,  648 

History  of  England  in  the  Eighteenth 
Century,  11,  647,  24,   1106,   11 10 

History  of  England  Principally  in  the 
Seventeenth  Century,  24,  1106 

History  of  Federal  Government  in 
Greece,   3,   557 

History  of  Florence;  the  Prince,  4, 
421 

History  of  France,  The,  9,  495,  496 

History  of  Friedrich  II,  called  Fred- 
erick the  Great,  18,  456 

History  of  Georgia   (Jones),  24,   1109 

History    of    Georgia     (Stevens),    24, 

1 109 

History  of  German  Literature  as  De- 
termined by  Social  Forces,  18,  460 

History  of  Germany,  18,  456 

History  of  Germany  from  the  Earli- 
est Period  to  the  Present  Time, 
The,  18,  455 

History  of  Germany  from  the  Earli- 
est Times,  A,  18,  455 

History  of  Germany  in  the  Middle 
Ages,  18,  457 

History  of   Greece,   2,   555,   556 

History  of  Greece  from  the  Com- 
mencement to  the  Close  of  the  In- 
dependence of  the  Greek  Nation,  2, 
556 

History  of  Greece  from  the  Con- 
quest by  the  Romans  to  the  Present 
Time,  2,  557 

History  of  Greece  to  the  End  of  the 
Persian  War,  2,  555 

History  of  Greek  Art,  2,  559 

History  of  Gustavus  Adolphus  and 
his  Time,  16,  347 

History    of    Harvard    University,    24, 

1 1 10 

History  of  Herodotus,  1,  433 
History   of    Holland    and    the    Dutch 

Nation,   13,  597,  24,   1106 
History  of  India  as  told  by  its  own 


Historians,  the  Mohammedan  Pe- 
riod, 5,  397 

History  of  India  from  the  Earliest 
Ages,  5,  393 

History  of  India  from  the  Earliest 
Period  to  the  Close  of  Lord  Dal- 
housie's   Administration,   5,  393 

History  of  India  from  the  Earliest 
Times  to  the  Present  Day,  5,  393 

History  of  India,  the  Hindoo  and 
Mohammedan   Periods,  5,  397 

History  of  India  under  Queen  Vic- 
toria from    1836  to    1880,   5,  393 

History  of  India  under  the  two  first 
Sovereigns  of  the  House  of  Tai- 
mur,   Baber   and   Humayun,   5,   397 

History  of  Ireland,  12,  381 

History  of  Italian  Unity,  The,  4,  422 

History  of  Italy,  4,  419 

History  of  Japan  during  the  Century 
of  Early  Foreign  Intercourse 
( 1542-165 1),  7,  332 

History  of  Japan  to  1871,  7,  332 

History    of    Japanese    Literature,    7, 

333 
History  of  Java,  The,  20,  409 
History  of  Julius  Caesar,  3,  401 
History  of  Louisiana,  24,  11 11 
History  of  Maine,  24,  1108 
History  of   Mankind,  The,   19,  323 
History  of   Maryland   (Bozman),  24, 

1 109 
History  of  Maryland    (Browne),   24, 

1 109 
History  of  Massachusetts,  24,  1108 
History     of     Mexico,     1516-1887,    20, 

400 
History  of  Modern   Europe,   10,  507 
History  of  My  Own  Times,  18,  457 
History  of  My  Time,  A,  9,  501 
History  of  New  England,  24,  1108 
History  of  New   England   with   Par- 
ticular   Reference   to    the    Baptists, 
24,   1 109 
History  of  New  Hampshire,  24,  1108 
History  of  New  Jersey,  24,   1109 
History  of  New  York,  24,   1109 
History  of  New  York  in  the  Revolu- 
tion, 24,  11 10 
History   of   Newfoundland,   from  the 
English,  Colonial  and  Foreign  Rec- 
ords, A,  20,  407 
History   of   North    Carolina,   24,   1109 


AUTHORS   AND    TITLES 


967 


History  of  Our  Navy,   1775-1797,   24, 

nil 
History    of    Our    Own    Times,    1837- 

1897,  11,  647,  12,  381,  24,  1 1 13 
History  of  Pennsylvania,  24,   1109 
History  of  Persia,  5,  401 
History  of  Philip  II,  King  of  Spain, 

14,  515 

History  of  Plymouth  Plantation,  24, 

1 108 
History  of  Poland,  The,  15,  390 
History  of  Poland  from  the   Earliest 

Period    to    the    Present    Time,    15, 

390 
History  of  Political  Parties,  24,  1106 
History  of  Portugal,  8,  547 
History    of    Proprietary    Government 

in   Pennsylvania,   24,    1108,    1109 
History  of  Prussia   to  the  Accession 

of   Frederick  the   Great,    1 134-1740, 

18,  459 

History    of    Prussia    under    Frederick 

the  Great,  1740-1756,   18,  459 
History    of    Quaker    Government    in 

Pennsylvania,   A,   24,    1109 
History  of  Reconstruction,  24,  11 14 
History  of  Rhodesia,  A,  19,  322 
History  of  Roman  Literature,  3,  402 
History  of  Rome,  3,  399,  400,  4,  419, 

420 
History    of    Rome    and    the    Roman 

People,  3,  399 
History    of    Rome    by    Titus    Livius, 

The,   3,  399 
History    of    Rome    during    the    Later 

Republic    and    Early    Principate    to 

Vespasian,  A,  3,  400 
History    of    Rome    to    the    Battle    of 

Actium,  A,  3,  400 
History    of    Rome    to    the    Death    of 

Caesar,  A,  3,  399 
History  of  Sanskrit  Literature,  5,  398 
History  of  Scotland,  12,  382 
History   of  Scotland    (1542-1603),   12, 

383 
History  of  Scotland,  from   the   Inva- 
sion of  Agricola  to  the  Union,  12, 

382 
History   of    South    Africa,    1486-1691; 

1691-1795,  19,  324 
History  of  South  Africa;   History  of 

the    Boers    or    Emigrant    Farmers, 

19,  324 


History  of  South  America,  1854-1904, 
31,  361 

History  of  South  Carolina  under  the 
Proprietary  Government,  24,  1109 

History  of  South  Carolina  under  the 
Royal    Government,  24,    1107 

History  of  Spain  to  the  Death  of 
Ferdinand,  8,  545 

History  of  Spanish  Literature,  8,  549 

History  of  Sweden,  The,  16,  346 

History  of  the  American  Episcopal 
Church,  24,  1 109 

History  of  the  American  Indians,  24, 
1 107 

History  of  the  American  People,  24, 
1 103 

History  of  the  Australasian  Colonies 
from  Their  Foundation  to  the  Year 
1903,  A,  20,  406 

History  of  the  Bengal  European  Regi- 
ment, now  the  Royal  Munster  Fu- 
siliers, 5,  394 

History  of  the  British  Empire  in  In- 
dia, 5,  393 

History  of  the  Campaign  of  General 
T.  J.  Jackson  in  the  Shenandoah 
Valley  of  Virginia,  Nov.  4,  1861- 
June   17,  1862,  24,  1 1 14 

History  of  the  Church  and  State  in 
Norway,  16,  347 

History  of  the  Church  of  England, 
24,   1 109 

History  of  the  Church  of  England 
from  the  Abolition  of  the  Roman 
Jurisdiction,  II,  646 

History  of  the  Church  of  England  in 
the  Colonies,  24,  1109 

History  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
24,  1 109 

History  of  the  Civil  War,  24,  1113 

History  of  the  Colonization  of  Af- 
rica by  Alien  Races,  19,  322 

History  of  the  Colony  and  Ancient 
Dominion  of  Virginia,   24,    1109 

History  of  the  Colony  of  New  Ha- 
ven to  its  Absorption  into  Con- 
necticut, 24,   1 108 

History  of  the  Colony  of  New  Jer- 
sey, 24,  1 109 

History  of  the  Commonwealth  and 
Protectorate,    11,  646,   24,    1106 

History  of  the  Confederate  States 
Navy,  24,   1 1 14 


968 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


History  of  the  Conquest  of  Mexico, 
22,  517 

History  of  the  Conquest  of  Spain  by 
the  Arab  Moors,  with  a  Sketch  of 
the  Civilization  They  Achieved  and 
Imparted  to  Europe,  8,  546 

History  of  the  Constitution,  24,  1111 

History  of  the  Consulate  and  the 
Empire  of  France  Under  Napo- 
leon, 9,   500 

History  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  of 
the  Roman  Empire,  The,  4,  420 

History  of  the  Dukes  of  Ormond,  12, 
381 

History  of  the  Egyptian  Revolution 
from  the  Period  of  the  Mamelukes 
to   the   Death   of   Mehemet   Ali,    1, 

433 
History    of   the    English    Church,    A, 

11,  649 
History   of  the    English    People,    11, 

645 
History  of  the  French  in  India  from 
the  founding  of  Pondicherry  in  1674 
to  the  capture  of  that  place  in  1761, 

5,  399 

History  of  the  French  Revolution,  9, 

498,  499.  Soo,  10,  507 
History  of  the  French  Revolution,  the 

Consulate,  and  the  Empire,  10,  507 
History   of   the    German   People,    18, 

455 
History  of  the   German  Struggle  for 

Liberty,  18,  456 
History  of  the  Germanic  Empire,  A, 

18,  455 
History    of   the    Gold    Coast,    A,    19, 

322 
History   of   the    Government    of    the 

Confederate  States,  24,  1106 
History   of   the    Grand    Army   of   the 

Republic,  24,  11 14 
History  of  the  Great  Civil  War,   II, 

646,  24,  1 106 
History  of  the  Greek   Revolution,   2, 

557 
History  of  the  Growth  and  Decay  of 

the  Othman  Empire,  14,  513 
History  of  the  Hebrew  People,  A,  1, 

440 
History  of  the  House  of  Austria,  18, 

456 


History  of  the  House  of  Austria  from 
Rudolph  of  Hapsburg  to  the  Death 
of  Leopold  II,  17,  465 

History  of  the  Huguenots  of  the  Dis- 
persion at  the  Recall  of  the  Edict 
of  Nantes,  A,  9,  498 

History  of  the  Indian  Mutiny,  5,  398 

History  of  the  Indian  Mutiny,  1857- 
1858,  5,  399 

History  of  the  Indian  Nations  Who 
Once  Inhabited  Pennsylvania  and 
the  Neighboring  States,  24,   1107 

History  of  the  Indian  Navy,  1613- 
1863,  5,  394 

History  of  the  Indian  Tribes  of  Hud- 
son's, 24,  1 107 

History  of  the  Indian  Wars  in  New 
England,   24,    1108 

History  of  the  Insurrection  in  Mas- 
sachusetts in  the  Year  of  1786,  and 
the  Rebellion  Consequent  Thereon, 
24,  mi 

History  of  the  Islands  of  the  West 
Indian  Archipelago,  22,  518 

History  of  the  Jewish  Nation  after 
the  Destruction  of  Jerusalem  under 
Titus,  1,  439 

History  of  the  Jewish  People  during 
the  Babylonian,  Persian  and  Greek 
Periods,   A,   1,   440 

History  of  the  Jews,  1,  440 

History  of  the  Jews  from  the  Earli- 
est Period  to  the  Present  Time, 
The,  1,  440 

History  of  the  Jews  of  Spain  and 
Portugal,  1,  440 

History  of  the  Kingdom  of  Bohemia, 
17,  466 

History  of  the  Literature  of  the  Scan- 
dinavian North,  16,  348 

History  of  the  Loco-foco,  or  Equal 
Rights   Party,  24,   1112 

History  of  the  Low  Country  Warres, 
The,  13,  599 

History  of  the  Madras  Army,  5,  394 

History  of  the  Marathas,  5,  397.  400 

History  of  the  Military  Transactions 
of  the  British  Nation  in  Indostan 
from   the  year   1745.   5,   399 

History  of  the  Mogul  Emperors  of 
Hindustan  illustrated  by  their 
Coins,  5,  398 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


969 


History  of  the  Mongols  from  the 
Ninth    to   the    Nineteenth    Century, 

6,  325 

History  of  the  Moorish  Empire  in 
Europe,  8,  548 

History  of  the  Navy  During  the  Re- 
bellion, 24,   1114 

History  of  the  Negro  Race  in  Amer- 
ica, 24,   1 106,   1 1 12 

History  of  the    Netherlands,   13,   599 

History  of  the  Norman  Conquest,  II, 
646 

History  of  the  Northmen,  or  Danes 
and  Normans,  from  the  Earliest 
Times  to  the  Conquest  of  William 
of  Normandy,   16,   347 

History  of  the  Pacific  States,  20, 
401 

History   of  the    Peninsular   War,    10, 

509 

History  of  the  People  of  the  Nether- 
lands,  13,  597,  24,   1 106 

History  of  the  People  of  the  United 
States,  24,  1 104 

History  of  the  Polk  Administration, 
24,   1112 

History  of  the  Portuguese  in  India, 
5,  396 

History   of   the    Presidency,    24,    1105 

History  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  in  America,  24,  1109 

History  of  the  Puritans,  24,   1109 

History  of  the  Rebellion  of  1798,  12, 
382 

History  of  the  Reformation  in  Ger- 
many, 18,  458 

History  of  the  Reformation  in  Scot- 
land, 12,  382 

History  of  the  Reign  of  Emperor 
Charles  V,  18,  458 

History  of  the  Reign  of  Ferdinand 
and   Isabella,  8,  548 

History    of   the    Reign    of    Philip    II, 

8,  548 

History  of  the  Renaissance  in  Italy, 
A,  4,  421 

History  of  the  Revolt  of  the  Amer- 
ican Colonies,  24,   1108 

History  of  the  Revolution  in  South 
Carolina,  24,  1110 

History  of  the  Revolutionary  Period, 

9,  499 


History  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of 

the  Bengal  Army,  5,  394 
History  of  the  Rise  of  the  Huguenots 

of  France,  9,  496 
History  of  the   Rise  of  the  Moham- 
medan Power  in  India,  5,  397 
History    of    the    Rise,    Progress    and 

Establishment  of  the  Independence 

of   the   United    States   of   America, 

24,  1 1 10 
History    of    the    Rise,    Progress    and 

Termination  of  the  American  War, 

24,   1 1 10 
History    of    the    Romans    under    the 

Empire,  3,  400 
History  of  the  Saracens,  1,  439 
History   of  the   Second   Army   Corps 

in   the   Army  of   the   Potomac,  24, 

1114 
History    of    the    Second    Pan-Amer- 
ican  Congress,  22,  516 
History  of  the   Sepoy  War  in   India, 

1857-1858,   5,  398,  399 
History  of  the   Siege  of  Boston,  24, 

mo 
History     of     the     State     of     Rhode 

Island   and    Providence    Plantation, 

24,  1 108 
History  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 

United  States,  24,  1105 
History    of    the    Thirty    Years'    War, 

18,  457 
History    of   the    United    Netherlands, 

13,  598 
History       of      the       United       States 

(Adams),  24,   1105 
History       of       the       United       States 

(Bancroft),  24,    1104 
History       of       the       United       States 

(Channing),  24,   1108 
History       of       the       United       States 

(Elson),  24,  1104 
History       of       the       United       States 

(Hildreth),   24,    1104 
History       of       the       United       States 

(Schouler),  24,  1105 
History       of       the       United       States 

(Smith),   24,    1 104 
History  of  the  United  States  in  Our 

Own  Time,  24,  1105 
History  of  the   United   States   Navy, 

24,  1 105 


970 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


History    of   the   United   States    Sani- 
tary Commission,  24,   11 14 
History   of   the    United   States    Since 

the  Compromise  of  1850,  24,  1105 
History  of  the  Virginia   Company  of 

London,  24,  1109 
History  of  the  War  in  the  Peninsula 

and  the  South  of  France,  8,  548 
History  of  the  Western   Empire,   18, 

456 
History  of  the  Whig  Party,  24,  1106 
History  of  the  World:  A  Survey  of 

Man's   Record,  7,  332,  20,  402 
History    of    Virginia     (Beverly),    24, 

1 109 
History     of     Virginia      (Burk),      24, 

1 109 
History      of     Virginia      (Stith),     24, 

1 109 
History    of    Wyoming    [Valley],    24, 

1 109 
Hitchman,    Francis: 

Captain    Sir    Richard    Burton,    His 
Early,    Private    and    Public    Life, 

19,  325 

Hittiter  und  Armenien,  1,  436 
Hoar,  George  F.: 

Autobiography    of    Seventy    Years, 
24,   1 1 14 
Hoare,  E.  N.: 

Brave  Men  of  Eyam,  The,  25,  858 
Turbulent  Town,  A,  25,  875 
Hobbes,  John  Oliver: 

Imperial    India,    Letters    from    the 

East,  5,  395 
School  for  Saints,  The,  25,  834 
Hobhouse,   John   Cam: 
Journey    through    Albania,    A,    14, 

SIS 
Hobson,  John  Atkinson: 

War    in     South    Africa,    The,     Its 
Cause  and  Effects,  19,  322 
Hocking,  Joseph: 

Birthright,  The,  25,  863 
Flame  of  Fire,  A,  25,  833 
Follow  the  Gleam,  25,  855 
Lest  We  Forget,  25,  852 
Hocking,  Silas  Kitto: 

Strange  Adventures  of  Israel   Pen- 
dray,  The,  25,  863 
Hodge,  Alma,  and  Scott,  Florence: 
Round  Tower,  The,  25,  870 


Hodgetts,  J.  F.: 

Kormak  the  Viking,  25,  880 
Hodgkin,  Thomas: 

Charles  the  Great,  9,  497 

Italy  and  Her  Invaders,  4,  420 
Hodgson,  Joseph: 

Cradle  of  the  Confederacy,  24,  11 12 
Hogarth,  David  George: 

Mycenaean   Civilization,  2,  558 
Hohenzollern,   25,  882 
Holcombe,   Chester: 

Real  Chinese  Question,  The,  6,  328 
Holcroft,  Thomas: 

Works,  18,  457 
Holden,  Edward  Singleton: 

Mogul   Emperors  of  Hindustan,  5, 

397 
Holdich,  Sir  Thomas  H.: 

India,  5,  395,  398 
Holinshead: 

Carew  Papers,  12,  381 

Chronicles,  12,  381 

Irish  Statutes,  12,  381 
Holland,  Josiah  Gilbert: 

Bay  Path,  The,  25,  890 
Holland,  Thomas  E.: 

European    Concert    in   the    Eastern 
Question,   14,  514 
Holland,   13,  597,  598 
Hollis,   Gertrude: 

Hugh  the  Messenger,  25,  849 

In  the  days  of  St.  Anselm,  25,  847 

Scholar  of  Lindisfarne,   A,   25,  845 

Son  of  yElla,  The,  25,  845 

Spurs  and  Bride,  25,  848 
Hollis,    Porter: 

Reconstruction    in    South    Carolina, 
24,   1114 
Hollister,  O.  J.: 

Life  of  Schuyler  Colfax,  24,  11 14 
Holm,  Adolf: 

History   of   Greece    from   the   com- 
mencement  to   the    close    of   the 
Independence   of  the   Greek   Na- 
tion, 2,  556 
Holmby  House,  25,  856 
Holmes,  T.  R.: 

Caesar's  Conquest  of  Gaul,  3,  400 

History   of   the    Indian    Mutiny,   5, 
398 
Holroyd,  Caroline  C: 

Seething  Days,  25,  852 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


971 


Hoist,  Hermann  von: 

French  Revolution  Tested  by  Mira- 
beau's   Career,  9,  497 

Life  of  Calhoun,  24,  1112 
Holt,  Emily   S.: 

Clare   Avery,   25,   854 

Imogene,  25,  845 

Lady  Sybil's  Choice,  25,  823,  847 

Lettice   Eden:   Tale    of   Last   Days 
of  Henry  VIII,  25,  852 

Princess   Adelaide,   25,  848 

Red  and  White,  25,  851 
Holwell,  John  Z.: 

Indian  Tracts,  5,  398 
Holy  Roman  Empire,  18,  455 
Home  Life  in  Colonial  Days,  24,  1109 
Hommel,  Fritz: 

Der     babylonische     Ursprung     der 
aegyptische  Kultur,  1,  434 

Geschichte  Babyloniens  und  Assyr- 
iens,  1,  434 

Semitsche  Volker  und  Sprachen,  1, 

434 
Homoselle,  25,  897 
Honour    of    Henri    de    Valois,    The, 

25,  822 
Honour  of  Savelli,  The,  25,  828 
Hood,   Alexander   Nelson: 

Adria,  25,  830 
Hoogt,  C.  W.  van  der: 

Story    of    the    Boers,    Narrated    by 
Their   Own   Leaders,   19,  322 
Hooker,  L.  Roy: 

Africanders,    a    Century    of    Dutch- 
English    Feud    in    South    Africa, 
19,  322 
Hooker,  Thomas,  24,   1110 
Hooper: 

Forests    of    the    West    Indies,    22, 
5i8 
Hooper,  I.: 
His  Grace  o'  the  Gunne,  25,  858 
Singer  of  Marly,  The,  25,  839 
Hoosier   Schoolmaster,  25,   897 
Hope,  Anthony: 

Simon   Dale,  25,  858 
Hope,  Graham: 
Cardinal  and  his  Conscience,  A,  25, 

836 
Gage  of  Red  and  White,   The,  25, 

836 
My  Lord  Winchenden,  25,  858 


Triumph  of  Count  Ostermann,  The, 
25,  878 
Hope,  Matilda: 

Because  of  the  Angels,  25,  875 
Hope  the   Hermit,  25,  859 
Hope,  Thomas: 

Anastasius;     or,     Memoirs     of     a 
Greek,  25,  825 
Hopkins,  E.  W.: 

India,  Old  and  New,  5,  395 
Hopkins,  J.  M.: 

Life  of  Andrew  H.  Foote,  24,   11 14 
Hopkins,   Samuel: 

Puritans  and  Queen  Elizabeth,  The, 

24,  1 106 

Hopkins,   Samuel,  24,   1106 
Hopkins,  Tighe: 

For  Freedom,  25,  830 
Hoppus,  Mary  A.  M.: 

Great  Treason,  A,  25,  894 

Masters   of  the   World,   25,   826 
Horn,  F.  W.: 

History    of   the    Literature    of    the 
Scandinavian  North,  16,  348 
Home,  Charles  T.: 

Story  of  Germany,  The,  18,  455 
Hornung,  Ernest  W.: 

Denis  Dent,  25,  888 

Rogues'  March,  The,  25,  888 
Horse  Shoe  Robinson,  25,  893 
Horsley,  Reginald: 

Stonewall's  Scout,  25,  898 
Hosack: 

Mary  Queen  of  Scots  and  Her  Ac- 
cusers, 12,  383 
Hosie,  Alexander: 

Manchuria:    Its   People,   Resources, 
and   Recent  History,  6,  326 

Three  Years  in  Western  China,  6, 
328 
Hosmer,  J.  K.: 

Life  of  Sir  Harry  Vane,  24,  11 10 

Life  of  Thomas  Hutchinson,  Royal 
Governor,  24,  11  n 

Samuel  Adams,  24,   nn 
Hough,  Emerson: 

Girl   at  the   Half-way   House,   The, 

25,  899 

Mississippi    Bubble,    The,    25,    839, 
892 
Hough,  J.: 

History    of    Christianity    in     India 


972 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


from   the   Commencement  of  the 
Christian  Era,  5,  394 

Hough,  P.  M.: 

Dutch  Life  in  Town  and  Country, 
13,  598 

Hour  and  the  Man,  The,  25,  889 

Housard: 

Parliamentary    Debates,    12,   382 

House  Divided,  The,  25,  862 

House  of  DeMailly,  The,  25,  839 

House  of  the  Combrays,  The,  25, 
842 

House  of  the  Wizard,  The,  25,  852 

House  of  the  Wolf,  The,  25,  836 

House  of  Walderne,  The,  25,  848 

Household  of  Sir  Thomas  More,  The, 
25,  851 

Houses  of  Lancaster  and  York,  11, 
646 

Houston,  D.  W.: 

Critical  Study  of  Nullification,  24, 
1 106,   1 1 12 

Houston,  Sam,  and  the  War  of  Inde- 
pendence  in   Texas,   24,    11 13 

How,  W.  W.: 

Hannibal    and   the    Great   War   be- 
tween Rome  and  Carthage,  3,  401 
History  of  Rome  to  the  Death  of 
Caesar,  3,  399 

How  I  crossed  Africa,  from  the  At- 
lantic to  the  Indian  Ocean,  etc., 
19,  326 

How  I  Found  Livingstone,  19,  327 

How  I  Won  my  Spurs,  25,  848 

How  Marcus  Whitman  Saved  Ore- 
gon, 24,  1 1 12 

Howard,  George  E.: 

Introduction  to  the  Local  Consti- 
tutional History  of  the  United 
States,  24,  1 105 

Howard,   Oliver  Otis: 
General  Taylor,  24,   11 13 

Howarth,  Anna: 

Katrina:  a  Tale  of  the  Karoo,  25, 

885 
Nora  Lester,  25,  886 
Sword   and   Assegai,  25,  885 

Howell: 

Mexico:  Its  Progress  and  Commer- 
cial  Possibilities,  22,   516 

Howorth,  Henry  Hoyle: 

History  of  the   Mongols   from   the 


Ninth  to  the  Nineteenth  Century, 
6,  325 
Hoyer: 

Konungariket  Sverige,  16,  346 
Hozier,  H.  M.: 

Seven  Weeks'  War,  The,  18,  457 
Hubbard,  Elbert: 

Time  and  Chance,  25,  896 
Hubbard,  William: 

General    History   of   New    England 
to  1680,  24,  1 108 

History  of  the  Indian  Wars  in  New 
England,  24,   1108 
Huber,  A.: 

Geschichte  Oesterreichs,  17,  465 
Hudson,  H.: 

Wild  Humphrey  Kynaston,  25,  851 
Hudson,  W.  H.: 

El  Ombti,  25,  889 
Hueffer,  Ford  Madox: 

Fifth  Queen,  The,  25,  852 

Romance,  25,  866 
Huffcutt,  E.  W.: 

Constitutional    Aspect   of   the   Gov- 
ernment of  Dependencies,  20,  411 
Hug,  L.,  and  Stead,  R.: 

Switzerland,  13,  600 
Hugh    Gwyeth,  25,  855 
Hugh  the  Messenger,  25,  849 
Hugh    Wynne,   25,   894 
Hugo,  Victor: 

Bug-Jargal,  25,  889 

Les    Miserables,   25,   843 

Ninety-Three,   25,   840 

Notre-Dame  de  Paris,  25,  835 
Huguenot,  The,  25,  838 
Hull,  Charles  W.: 

Finances   in   the    British   West   In- 
dies, 20,  397 
Humboldt,   Friedrich   Heinrich  Alex- 
ander von: 

Island  of  Cuba,  The,  20,  402 

Personal   Narrative  of  Travels,  20, 
402 

Political  Essay  on  the  Kingdom  of 
New  Spain,  20,  402 
Hume,  Martin  Andrew  S.: 

Modern  Spain,  1 788-1898,  8,  547 

Spain,    its    Greatness    and     Decay, 
1479-1788,  8,  547 

Spanish      People,      Their      Origin, 
Growth  and  Influence,  8,  545 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


973 


Year   after   the   Armada,   The,   and 
Other  Historical  Studies,  8,  547 
Humphrey,  Frank  Pope: 

New  England  Cactus,  A,  25,  890 
Humphrey,  George: 

Land  of  the  Amazons,  21,  360 
Hundred  Days,  The,  25,  843 
Hungarian  Brothers,  The,  25,  881 
Hungarian   Nabob,   An,   25,   882 
Hungary,  17,  466 
Hunt,  C.  H.: 

Life  of  Edward  Livingston,  24,  11 13 
Hunt,  Gaillard: 

Life  of  James  Madison,  24,   n  13 
Hunt,  W.: 

History  of  Italy,  4,  419 
Hunt,    William,    and    Stephens,    Wil- 
liam Richard  Wood: 

History  of  the  English  Church,  11, 
649 
Hunter,  P.  Hay: 

Bible  and   Sword,  25,  873 
Hunter,  Sir  William  Wilson: 

Annals  of  Rural  Bengal,  5,  398 

History  of  British  India,  5,  393 

Imperial  Gazetteer  of  India,  5,  395 

India  of  the   Queen  and  Other  Es- 
says, 5,  395 

Indian  Empire,  its  People,  History 
and  Products,  5,  395 

Old  Missionary,  The,  25,  831 

Orissa,   5,  398 

Statistical   Survey  of  British  India, 

5,  395 
Hurlburt,  A.  B.: 

Historic       Highways       of       North 
America,  24,  1107 
Hurrah    for    the    Spanish    Main!,    25, 

853 
Huss   et  la   Guerre  des   Hussites,   17, 

466 
Hutchinson,  Horace  G.: 

Friend  of  Nelson,  A,  25,  864 
Hutchinson,  Thomas: 

Commercial    Restraints,    12,    382 

History  of  Massachusetts,  24,   1108 
Hutton,  Edward: 

Frederic   Uvedale,   25,   830 
Hylten-Cavallius,    G.    O.: 

Warend  och  Windarne,  16,  348 
Hyne,  Charles  John  Cutcliffe: 

Through  Arctic  Lapland,   16,  348 


Prince    Rupert    the    Buccaneer,   25, 

857 
Hypatia,  25,  821 


I  Crown  Thee  King,  25,  852 

I  Lived  as  I   Listed,  25,  857 

I    Mille,  4,  421 

I,  Thou,  and  the  Other  One,  25,  867 

Icazbalceta: 

Coleccion     nueva     de     documentos 

para    la    historia    de    Mejico,    22, 

5i6 
Iceland,    Its    Scenes    and    Sagas,    16, 

347 
Ienaga,  T.: 

Constitutional        Development       of 
Japan,  7,  333 
Ierne  of  Armorica,  25,  834 
Ihne,  W.: 

Early  Rome,  3,  400 

History  of  Rome,  3,  399,  4,  420 
Ilbert,  Sir  Courtenay: 

Government  of  India,  5,  394 
Ilios,  2,  559 
Illinois  and   Louisiana  Under   French 

Rule,  24,  1 108 
Illustreret    Norges    Historie,    16,    346 
Imbries,  W.: 

English-Japanese      Etymology,      7, 

333 
Imogene,  25,  845 
Impending  Crisis,  The,  24,   11 12 
Imperial  Gazetteer  of  India,  5,  395 
Imperial  India,  Letters  from  the  East, 

5,  395 
Imperial   Lover,  An,  25,  878 
Imperial  Rule  in  India,  being  an  Ex- 
amination of  the  Principles  Proper 
to    the    Government    of    Dependen- 
cies, 5,  394 
Imperial  Russian  Navy,  The,   15,  389 
Impressions  of  South  Africa,  19,  321, 

20,  405 
Improvisatore;   or,  Life  in   Italy,   25, 

830 
In  Alfred's  Days,  25,  846 
In    Blue  and  White,   25,  894 
In    Chaucer's    Maytime,    25,   849 
In   Clarissa's   Day,  25,  862 
In  Colston's  Days,  25,  856 


974 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


In    Connection    with    the     De    Wil- 

loughby   Claim,  25,  897 
In  Darkest  Africa,  19,  324 
In  Dewisland,  25,  868 
In  Exitu  Israel,  25,  840 
In  Fair  Granada,  25,  833 
In   Four  Reigns,  25,  866 
In  Freedom's  Cause,  25,  871 
In  Furthest  Ind,  25,  831 
In  Ghostly  Japan,  7,  332 
In  Greek  Waters,  25,  824 
In  High  Places,  25,  854 
In  His  Name,  25,  834 
In   Holiest  Troth,  25,   833 
In  Jacobite   Days,  25,  859 
In  Kedar's  Tents,  25,  834 
In  King's  Byways,  25,  837 
In  King's  Houses,  25,  860 
In  Leisler's  Times,  25,  891 
In  Lincoln  Green,  25,  848 
In  Press-Gang  Days,  25,  864 
In  South  Africa  with   Buller,  19,  323 
In   Spite  of  All,  25,  855 
In  Steel  and  Leather,  25,  851 
In  Taunton  Town,  25,  859 
In  the  Blue  Pike,  25,  883 
In  the  Camp  of  Cornwallis,  25,  893 
In  the   Day  of  Adversity,  25,  838 
In  the  Days  of  Chivalry,  25,  849 
In  the  Days  of  Goldsmith,  25,  869 
In  the  Days  of  King  James,  25,  854 
In  the  Days  of  Prince  Hal,  25,  850 
In  the  Days  of  St.  Anselm,  25,  847 
In  the  Eagle's  Talon,  25,  895 
In  the  Fifteen,  25,  861 
In  the  Golden  Days,  25,  858 
In  the  Heart  of  Holland,  13,  598 
In  the  Irish  Brigade,  25,  861 
In  the  King's  Favour,  25,  872 
In  the  King's  Service,  25,  856,  869 
In  the  Land  of  the  Gods,  7,  332 
In  the  Lion's  Mouth,  25,  841 
In  the  Midst  of  Alarms,  25,  888 
In  the  Olden  Time,  25,  883 
In  the  Palace  of  the  King,  25,  833 
In  the  Reign  of  Terror,  25,  841 
In  the  Service  of  Rachel,  Lady  Rus- 
sell, 25,  858 
In    the    Shadow    of   the    Crown,    25, 

849 
In  the  Track  of  the  Troops,  25,  880 
In   the  Trenches,  25,  867 
In  the  Valley,  25,  894 


In  the  Wake  of  King  James,  25,  869 

In  the  War  with  Mexico,  25,  896 

In  the  Wars  of  the  Roses,  25,  850 

In  the  Year  of  Waterloo,  25,  842 

In  the  Year  '13,  25,  842,  884 

In  Times  of  Peril,  25,  832 

In  Troubled  Times,  25,  876 

In  Two  Moods,  25,  878 

In  Westminster  Choir,  25,  858 

Inca  Civilization  in  Peru,  The,  21, 
357 

Inca's  Ransom,  The,  25,  888 

Inchbracken,  25,   875 

Incomparable   Bellairs,  25,  862 

Independence  of  the  South  Ameri- 
can Republics:  a  Study  in  Recog- 
nition and   Foreign  Policy,  21,  359 

India,  5,  395,  398 

India  and  Christian  Opportunity,  5, 
394 

India  in  the  Nineteenth  Century,  5, 
393 

India  in  the  Victorian  Age,  Economic 
History  of  the  People,  5,  394 

India,  its  Administration  and  Prog- 
ress, 5,  394 

India  of  the  Queen  and  Other  Es- 
says, 5,  395 

India,  Old  and  New,  5,  395 

India,  Past  and  Present,  5,  395 

India  Portuguesa,  A,  8,  548 

Indian  Caste,  5,  401 

Indian  Coinage  and  Currency,  5,  394 

Indian  Empire,  5,  395 

Indian  Empire,  its  Peoples,  History, 
and  Products,  5,  395 

Indian  Frontier   Warfare,   5,  400 

Indian  Life  in  Town  and  Country,  5, 
395 

Indian  Policy  of  Spain,  The,  20,  402 

Indian  Polity,  a  View  of  the  System 
of  Administration  in  India,  5,  394 

Indian  Tracts,  5,  398 

Indian  Village  Community,  5,  394 

Induna's  Wife,  The,  25,  885 

Industrial   Cuba,  22,  518 

Industrial  History  of  the  United 
States,  24,  1 1 10 

Industries  of  Japan,  Together  with 
an  Account  of  Its  Agriculture,  For- 
estry and  Commerce,  7,  331 

rnfidel,  The,   25,  862 

Influence    of    Sea    Power    Upon    the 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


975 


French     Revolution     and     Empire, 

The,  9,  498,  10,  509 
Influence  of  Sea  Power  upon  History, 

1660-1783,  5,  398,  11,  647 
Influence    of   the    Breton    Deputation 

and  the  Breton  Club  in  the  French 

Revolution,  9,  497 
Ingemann,  B.  S.: 

Waldemar,  25,  880 
Ingraham,  J.  H.: 

Pillar   of   Fire,   The,   25,   822 

(Prince  of  the  House  of  David,  The, 
35,  823 
Ingram,  J.  F.: 

Natalia,  19,  322 
Ingwall,  C.  J.: 

Historical    Sketch    of    the    Second 
War  between   the    United   States 
and   Great   Britain,   24,    11 12 
Inhabitants    of   the    Philippines,    The, 

20,  411 
Inimitable     Mrs.     Massingham,    The, 

25,  864 
Inman,  H.  Escott: 

Saga    of    Jarl    the    Neatherd,    The, 
25,  880 
Innes,  Cosmo: 

Essay    on    Ancient    Inhabitants    of 
Scotland,  12,  382 

Scotland    in    the    Middle    Ages,    12, 
.382 
Inness,  P.  R.: 

History    of    the    Bengal    European 

Regiment,    now    the     Royal     Mun- 
ster  Fusiliers,  5,  394 
Inouye,  Jukicki: 

Japan-China  War,  6,  326 
Institutes:   a   Text-Book   of  the    His- 
tory and  System  of  Roman  Private 

Law,  The,  3,  402 
Intercourse      between      the      United 

States  and  Japan,  7,  332 
Interloper,  The,  25,  875 
Interpreter,   The,   25,   867,   882 
Introduction     to     English     Economic 

History  and  Theory,  An,  11,  645 
Introduction  to  Roman  Law,  3,  402 
Introduction  to  the  Literature  of  the 

Old  Testament,  An,  1,  439 
Introduction    to    the    Local    Constitu- 
tional     History      of      the      United 

States,  24,  1 105 
Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Mortu- 


ary    Customs     among     the     North 

American  Indians,  24,  1107 
Invasion,  The,  25,  868 
Invasion  of  Canada  in  1775,  24,  11 10 
Invasion    of    Denmark    in    1864,    16, 

346 
Invasion   of  India  by  Alexander   the 

Great    as    described    by    Arrian,    Q. 

Curtius,     Diodorus,     Plutarch     and 

Justin,   The,   5,   398 
Invasion  of  the  Crimea,  The,  14,  514 
Inwadi   Yami,  19,  326 
Ireland,  Alleyne: 

American     Administration     in     the 
Philippine   Islands,  20,  411 

Anglo-Boer    Conflict,     Its    History 
and  Causes,  19,  322 

Tropical    Colonization:     An    Intro- 
duction to  the  Study  of  the  Sub- 
ject, 20,  398 
Ireland,   12,  381 
Ireland,    1498-1868,  12,  381 
Ireland  and  Her  Story,  12,  381 
Ireland    and    the    Celtic    Church,    12, 

38i 
Ireland   under   English   Rule,   12,   381 
Ireland  under  the  Tudors,  12,  381 
Irish    History    and    Irish    Character, 

12,  381 
Irish  Land  Law,  12,  382 
Irish  Statutes,   12,  381 
Irish  Tracts,  12,  382 
Irish-Presbyterian    Church,    12,   381 
Iron  Brigade,  The,  25,  898 
Irving,  Washington: 

Alhambra,  The,  25,  833 

Astoria,  24,  11 12 

Chronicles     of     the     Conquest     of 
Granada,  8,  547,  25,  833 

Knickerbocker's     History    of    New 
York,  25,  890 

Life  and  Voyages  of  Columbus,  24, 
1 107 

Washington,  24,   11 11 
Irwin,  H.  C: 

Garden    of    India,    or    Chapters    on 
Oudh  History  and  Affairs,  5,  398 

With  Sword  and  Pen,  25,  832 
Isabella  Orsini,  25,  828 
Iseulte,   25,  844 
Isham,  Frederic  S.: 

Under  the  Rose,  25,  836 
Ishmael,  25,  843 


976 


THE   HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Isidro,  25,  896 

Iskander,  25,  824 

Islam  in  Africa,  19,  324 

Island  of  Cuba,  The,  20,  402 

Island  of  Sorrow,  The,  25,  870 

Island  of  the  English,  The,  25,  842 

Island  Refuge,  An,  25,  891 

Island  von  seiner  ersten  Entdeckung 

bis     zum     Untergange     des     Frei- 

staates,  16,  346 
Islandische    Volkasagen    des    Gegen- 

wart    gesammelt    und    verdentscht, 

16,  348 
Isle  of  Unrest,  The,  25,  843 
Istar    of    Babylon:    a    Phantasy,    25, 

821 
Italian   Expansion   and   Colonies,    20, 

410 
Italy  and  Her  Invaders,  4,  420 
Italy  under  Victor  Emmanuel,  4,  422 
Italy's  Experience  with  Colonies,  20, 

410 
Ivan  de  Biron,  25,  878 
Ivan  the  Terrible,   15,  389 
Ivanhoe,  25,  847 
Ivar  the  Viking,  25,  880 


Jaccaci,  August  F.: 

On    the    Trail    of   Don   Quixote,   8, 
550 
Jack  and  his  Island,  25,  896 
Jack  Archer,  25,  867 
Jack  Hinton,  25,  870 
Jack  Horner,  25,  899 
Jackson,  Helen: 

Ramona,  25,  899 
Jackson,   "Stonewall,"   24,    11 14 
Jackson,  Stonewall,  and  the  American 

Civil  War,  24,  11 14 
Jacob,  Violet: 

Interloper,  The,  25,  875 

Sheep  Stealers,  The,  25,  868 
Jacob  and  John,  25,  862 
Jacobite,  The,  25,  860 
Jacobite    Exile,   A,  25,   880 
Jacobs,  Joseph: 

As  Others  Saw  Him,  25,  823 
Jacquerie,  The,  25,  835 
Jacques  Bonneval,  25,  838 


James,  Edmund  James: 

Federal     Constitution     of     Switzer- 
land,  13,   599 
James,  George  Payne  Rainsford: 

Agincourt,  25,  850 

Arabella  Stuart,  25,  854 

Arrah   Neil,    25,   855 

Attila;  or,  The  Huns,  25,  827 

Brigand,  The,  25,  836 

Castle   of  Ehrenstein,  The,  25,  882 

Darnley,   25,   851 

Forest   Days,   25,  849 

Gowrie,  25,  872 

Heidelberg,  25,  883 

Henry  Masterton,  25,  856 

Henry  of  Guise;  or,  The  States  of 
Blois,  25,  837 

Huguenot,  The,  25,  838 

Jacquerie,   The,   25,  835 

John  Marston  Hall;  or,  The  Little 
Ball   of  Fire,  25,  838 

King's  Highway,  The,  25,  860 

Leonora    d'   Oreo;    or,    The    Times 

of  Caesar  Borgia,  25,  828 

Man-at-Arms,  The,  25,  836 

Mary  of  Burgundy,   25,  875 

Old  Dominion,  The,  25,  896 

One  in  a  Thousand,  25,  837 

Philip  Augustus;   or,  The  Brothers 
in  Arms,  25,  834 

Richelieu,  25,  837 

Rose  d'  Albret,  25,  837 

Smuggler,  The,  25,  862 

Woodman,   The,   25,   851 
James  I,  King  of  Aragon: 

Chronicles  of  James  I,  8,  547 
Jameson,  J.  A.: 

Constitutional  Convention,  The,  24, 
1 105 
Jameson,  J.  F.: 

Essays    in    Constitutional    History 
of  the  United  States,  24,  mi 
Jan  van   Elselo,  25,  876 
Jane,  Frederick  T.: 

Imperial  Russian  Navy,  15,  389 
Jane   Seton,   25,  872 
Janice  Meredith,  25,  894 
Janson,  Gustaf: 

Abraham's   Sacrifice,   25,   886 
Janssen,  Johannes: 

History  of  the  German  People,  18, 
455 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


977 


Janvier,  Thomas  A.: 
Aztec  Treasure-House:  a  Romance 
of     Contemporaneous     Antiquity, 
The,  25,  888 

Japan,  7,  332 

Japan:   An   Interpretation,  7,  332 

Japan  and   Its  Trade,  7,  333 

Japan  as  It  Was  and  Is,  7,  332 

Japan  by  the  Japanese:  A  Survey  by 
the   Highest   Authorities,    7,   332 

Japan  in  the  Beginning  of  the  Twen- 
tieth Century,  7,  333 

Japan:  Its  History,  Art  and  Litera- 
ture, 7,  331 

Japan:  Travels  and  Researches  Un- 
dertaken at  the  Cost  of  the  Prus- 
sian  Government,   7,  331 

Japan-China  War,  The,  6,  326 

Japanese  Girls  and  Women,  7,  332 

Japanese  Interior,  A,  7,  332 

Japanese  Life  in  Town  and  Country, 
7,  332 

Japanese   Miscellany,  A,  7,  332 

Jastrow,  Morris,  Jr.: 
Religion  of  Babylonia  and  Assyria, 

1,  434 

Java;  or,  How  to  Manage  a  Colony: 

Showing  a  Practical  Solution  of  the 

Questions    Now    Affecting    British 

India,  20,  409 
Jay,  John;  Hamilton,  Alexander;  and 

Madison,  James: 

Federalist,  The,  24,  1105 
Jay,  William: 

Life  of  John  Jay,  24,  1112 

Review   of  the    Causes   and    Conse-' 
quences  of  the  Mexican  War,  24, 
1 1 12 
Jebb,    Richard   Claverhouse : 

Growth   and   Influence   of   Classical 
Greek  Poetry,  2,  558 

Modern  Greece,  2,  557 
Jefferson,    Thomas,   24,    11 11 
Jeffery,   Walter: 

First    Fleet    Family,    A,   25,   888 

King's  Yard,  The,  25,  863 

Mutineer,  The,  25,  888 
Jemmapes   et   la  conquete   de  la   Bel- 

gique..  10,  508 
Jenetha's  Venture,  25,  832 
Jenkins,  John  S.: 

Life  of  Silas  Wright,  24,  1113 


Jenks,  Edward: 

History    of    the    Australasian    Col- 
onies  from  Their   Foundation  to 
the  Year  1903,  20,  406 
Jenks,  Jeremiah  Whipple: 

English  Colonial  Fiscal  System  in 
the  Far  East,  20,  397 

Report  on  Certain  Economic  Ques- 
tions in  the  English  and  Dutch 
Colonies  of  the   Orient,   20,  404, 

409 
Jenkyns,  Sir  Henry: 

British    Rule    and    Jurisdiction    Be- 
yond   the    Seas;    with    a    Preface 
by  Sir   Courtenay  Ilbert,  20,  404 
Jensen,  Peter: 

Hittiter  und  Armenien,  1,  436 
Jensen,  Wilhelm: 
Karine,   25,   880 
Jeremias,  J.: 

Tyrus  bis  zur  Zeit  Nebukadnezars, 
I.  436 
Jernigan,  Thomas  R.: 

China   in    Law   and    Commerce,    6, 
328 
Jerrold,  Blanchard: 

Life   of  Napoleon   III,   9,  497 
Jerusalem,  25,  824 
Jervis,  W.  H.: 

History  of  France,  9,  496 
Jessamy  Bride,  The,  25,  863 
Jessett,  Montague  George: 

Key  to  South  Africa:  Delagoa  Bay, 

8,   547,   19,   325 

Jessopp,  A.: 

Coming  of  the  Friars  and  Other 
Historic  Essays,   II,  647 

Jesuit  Fathers,  20,  410 

Jesuit    Relations    and    Allied     Docu- 
ments, 24,  1 108 

Jesuits    in   North    America,   The,   20, 
408,   24,   1 107 

Jesus,  the  Carpenter  of  Nazareth,  25, 
823 

Jetta,  25,  882 

Jew,  The,  25,  879 

Jewel   of   Ynys    Galon,    The,    25,   860, 
868 

Jewett,  Sara  Orne: 

Tory  Lover,  The,  25,  894 

Jewish   Encyclopaedia,  The,   I,  440 

Jezebel,  25,  822 


978 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Joan  of  Arc,  9,  498 

Joan  of  the  Sword-Hand,  25,  883 

Joan  the  Maid,  25,  835 

John  Burnet  of  Barns,  25,  873 

John  Charity,  25,  896 

John  Gilbert,  Yeoman,  25,  857 

John   Halifax,   Gentleman,  25,  864 

John  Inglesant,  25,  829,  856 

John    Law,    the    Projector,    25,    839, 

892 
John  March,  Southerner,  25,  899 
John  Marmaduke,  25,  869 
John   Marston   Hall,  25,  838 
John  Maxwell's  Marriage,  25,  870 
John  o'   London,  25,  848 
John  of  Fordun: 

Chronica  gentis   Scotorum,   12,  382 
John  of  Gerisau,  25,  844,  884 
John   of   Strathbourne,  25,   836 
John  Splendid,  25,  856,  873 
John   Standish,   25,   849 
John  Vytal,  25,  890 
Johns  Hopkins  University  Studies  in 

History    and    Political    Science,    7, 

332 
Johnson,   Andrew,   Impeachment   and 

Trial  of,  24,  11 14 
Johnson,  E.  R.: 

Commercial  Relations  of  the  United 
States    with    the    Far    East,    20, 
411 
Johnson,  Owen: 

Nicole,  25,  841 
Johnson,  Rossiter: 

Civil  War,  The,  24,  11 13 
Johnson,    William   Henry: 

King's  Henchman,  The,  25,  837 
Johnston,  Alexander: 

Connecticut,  24,  1108 
Johnston,  Christopher: 

Epistolary  Literature  of  the  Assyr- 
ians and  Babylonians,  1,  434 
Johnston,  H.  P.: 

Yorktown   Campaign   and  the   Sur- 
render   of    Cornwallis,    1781,    24, 
1 1 10 
Johnston,  H.  W.: 

Private    Life    of    the    Romans,    3, 
402 
Johnston,  Sir  Harry: 

Colonization  of  Africa,  8,  547,   19, 
322 


Johnston,  Henry: 

Chronicles  of  Glenbuckie,  25,  875 
Johnston,  Sir  Henry  Hamilton: 

Kilima    Njaro    Expedition,    19,   325 

River  Congo,  19,  325 
Johnston,  Mary: 

By    Order    of    the    Company,    25, 
890 

Old  Dominion,  The,  25,  891 

Sir  Mortimer,  25,  853 

To   Have  and  To   Hold,   25,   890 
Johnston,  R.  M.,  and  W.  H.  Brown: 

Life  of  Alexander  H.  Stephens,  24, 
1 1 14 
Johnston,   William: 

Yellow  Shield,  The,  25,  885 
Joinville,  John  de: 

Crusade  of   St.   Louis,   9,   501 
Jokai,  Maurus: 

Baron's  Sons,  The,  25,  882 

Day  of  Wrath,  The,  25.  882 

Debts  of  Honour,  25,  882 

Eyes  like  the  Sea,  25,  882 

Green   Book,  The,  25,  878 

Halil  the   Pedlar,  25,   879 

Hungarian    Nabob,    An,   25,   882 

Lion  of  Janina,  The,  25,  879 

Manasseh,  25,  830,  882 

'Midst    the    Wild    Carpathians,    25, 
881 

Nameless   Castle,  The,  25,  882 

New  Landlord,  The,  25,  882 

Pretty  Michal,  25,  881 

Slaves    of   the    Padishah,   The,    25, 
881 

Told  by  the  Death's  Head:  a  Ro- 
mantic Tale,  25,  881 
Joncquiere,  A.  de  la: 

Histoire  de  l'Empire  Ottoman,  14, 

513 
Jones,  C.  H.: 

African    Exploration    from    Herod- 
otus to  Livingstone,  19,  322 
Jones,  Charles  Colcock,  Jr.: 

History  of  Georgia,  24,  1109 
Jones,  Ernest: 

Maid  of  Warsaw,  The,  25,  879 
Jones,  J.: 

Rebel  War  Clerk's  Diary,  24,  1113 
Jones,  J.  S.: 

Defence  of  the  Revolutionary  His- 
tory of  North  Carolina,  24,  1110 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


979 


Jones,  Thomas: 

History  of  New  York  in  the  Revo- 
lution, 24,    1 1 10 
Jonge,  J.  K.  J.  de: 

De  Opkomst  van  het  Nederlandsch 
Gezag  in  Oost-Indie,  5,  398 
Joscelyn  Cheshire,  25,  893 
Joseph  the  Dreamer,  25,  822 
Joshua:  a  Tale  of  Biblical  Times,  25, 

822 
Josika,  Baron  Miklos   (or  Nicholas): 

'Neath  the  Hoof  of  the  Tartar,  25, 
881 
Jourdain: 

Guerra  do  Paraguay,  21,  360 
Journal  of  the  Lady  Beatrix  Graham, 

25,  873 
Journals    Kept    in    France    and    Italy 

from  1848  to  1852,  9,  502 
Journey  in  the  Seaboard  Slave  States, 

24,  1 1 12 
Journey  through  Albania,  A,   14,  514 
Journey    through     the     Kingdom     of 

Oudh  in  1849  and  1855,  5,  400 
Journeymen  Love,  25,  843 
Journeys  in  North  China,  6,  329 
Jovinian,  25,  827 
Joyce,  Patrick: 

Social    History  of  Ancient   Ireland, 
12,  381 
Joyneville,  C: 

Alexander   I,   Life   and   Times,   15, 

389 
Judith  Shakespeare,  25,  854 
Judson,  Harry  Pratt: 

Growth    of    the    American    Nation, 
24,  1110 
Julamerk,  25,  822 

Julian;  or,  Scenes  in  Judaea,  25,  823 
Julian's  Dream,  25,  827 
Julio,  25,  834 
Julius   Caesar  and  the  Foundation  of 

the     Roman    Imperial    System,    3, 

401 
Junck,  Karl: 

Der     deutsche-franzosische      Krieg 
1870  und  1871,  18,  457 
Jungman,  B.: 

Norway,  16,  348 
Jurg  Jenatsch,   25,  877 
Juste,  Theodore: 

Leopold  I  et  Leopold  II,  13,  598 


Justi,  Carl: 

Diego    Velasquez    and    his    Times, 
8,  549 


Kaffir  Folklore,  19,  327 
Kaler,  J.  O.:  see  Otis,  James 
Kallistratus,  25,  825 
Kantsch,  E.: 

Outline  of  the  History  of  the  Lit- 
erature of  the  Old  Testament,  1, 
440 
Karine,  25,  880 
Kate  Beaumont,  25,  897 
Kate  Cameron  of  Brux,  25,  871 
Katerfelto,  25,   863 
Katherine  Walton,  25,  893 
Kathleen  Clare,  25,  869 
Kathleen    Mavourneen,   25,  870 
Katrina:    a    Tale    of   the    Karoo,    25, 

885 
Kaulen,    Frank: 

Assyrien  und   Babylonien  nach  den 
neuesten   Entdeckungen,   1,  434 
Kavanagh,  Julia: 

Madeleine:  a  Tale  of  Auvergne,  25, 
842 
Kawakami,  K.: 

Political  Ideas  of  Modern  Japan,  7, 

333 
Kaye,  Sir  John  William: 

History  of  the  Sepoy  War  in  India, 

1857-1858,    5,    398 
Lives    of   Indian    Officers,    Illustra- 
tive   of    the    Civil    and    Military 
Services  of  India,  5,  394 
Kayser,  Friedrich: 

Aegypten  einst  und  jetzt,  1,  432 
Keane  and  Crawson: 

Early      English      Chartered      Com- 
panies,  24,    1 106 
Keane,  A.  H.: 
Africa,  19,  322 
Boer     States,     Land     and     People, 

The,    19,   325 
Central     and     South    America    and 

West  Indies,  22,  516 
Compendium     of     Geography     and 
Travel,   19,  322 
Keary,  Annie  Maria: 
Castle   Daly,   25,   870 


980 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Keary,   Charles  F.: 
Vikings    of    Western    Christendom, 
1 6,  346 
Keasby,  Lindley  Miller: 
Nicaragua    Canal   and   the    Monroe 

Doctrine,   24,    1106 
Political    Relations    of    the    United 
States   with   the    European    Pow- 
ers in  the  Far  East,  20,  411 
Keeling,  Elsa  d'Esterre: 

Queen's   Serf,   The,   25,   861 
Keene,  H.  G.: 

History  of  India  from  the  Earliest 
Times,  5,  393 
Keightley,  S.  R.: 

Cavaliers,  The,  25,  856 

Crimson  Sign,  The,  25,  869 

Last    Recruit   of   Clare's,    The,    25, 

839 
Pikemen,  The,  25,  870 
Silver   Cross,  The,  25,  837 
Keilinschriftliche  Bibliothek,  1,  435 
Keller,  Albert  Galloway: 

Essays  in  Colonization,  19,  323,  20, 

410 
Italian  Expansion  and  Colonies,  20, 

410 
Italy's    Experience    with    Colonies, 
20,  397,  410 
Kelly,  James  Fitzmaurice: 

History    of    Spanish    Literature,    8, 

549 
Kemmerer,  E.  W.: 

Fiscal  System  of  Egypt,  20,  397 
Kenilworth,  25,  853 
Kennedy,  Bart: 

Tramp  in  Spain  from  Andalusia  to 
Andova,  8,  550 
Kennedy,  E.  B.: 

Thirty  Seasons  in  Scandinavia,  16, 
348 
Kennedy,  John  Pendleton: 

Horseshoe  Robinson,  25,  893 
Kennedy,  Sara  Beaumont: 

Joscelyn   Cheshire,  25,  893 
Kenneth,   25,   842,   878 
Kenrick,  J.: 

Phoenicia,   I,  436 
Kensington   Palace,   25,    860 
Kent,  C.  F.: 

History  of  the   Hebrew   People,   I, 
440 


History  of  the  Jewish  People  dur- 
ing the   Babylonian,   Persian  and 
Greek  Periods,   x,  440 
Kent   Squire,  A,  25,  839,  861 
Kentucky   Cardinal,  A,  25,  897 
Kenyon,    Charles : 

Won  in   Warfare,  25,  893 
Kenycn,  Edith  C: 

Queen  of  Nine  Days,  A,  25,  852 
Kenyon,  O.: 

Amor  Victor:   a  Novel  of  Ephesus 
and   Rome,   25,   826 
Ker,  David: 

Torn    from    the    Foundations,    25, 
833 

Wizard   King,  The,  25,  879,  881 
Key  of   Paradise,   The,   25,  829 
Key   of  the   Pacific,  The  —  the   Nica- 
ragua Canal,  22,  516 
Key  to   South   Africa:   Delagoa   Bay, 

The,  8,  547,  19,  325 
Key  to  the  Riddle,  The,  25,  829 
Kidnapped,  25,  874 
Kielhorn,  F.,  and  Buhler,  J.  G.: 

Grundriss     der     indo-arischen     phi- 
lologie    und    altertums-kunde,    5, 
396 
Kilgorman,  25,  870 
Kilima  Njaro  Expedition,   19,  325 
King,  B.: 

History  of  Italian  Unity,  4,  422 
King,  C.  R.: 

Life  and   Correspondence  of  Rufus 
King,  24,   1 1 13 
King,   Charles : 

Cadet  Days,  25,  894 

Iron  Brigade,  The,  25,  898 
King,  Grace: 

De  Soto  and  His  Men,  24,  1107 
King,  Horatio: 

Turning  on  the  Light,  24,  11 12 
King  Alfred's  Viking,  25,  846 
King   and    His    Campaigners,    A,    25, 

880 
King   Arthur   and    his    Knights,   The 

Story  of,  25,  845 
King  by  the  Grace  of  God,  25,  856 
King  for  a  Summer,  25,  839 
King   Leopold's    Rule   in    Africa,    19, 

326 
King  Noanett,  25,  891 
King  of  Schnorrers,  The,  25,  824 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


981 


King  of  the  Mountains,  The,  25,  824 
King  Olaf's  Kinsman,  25,  846 
King  with  Two   Faces,  The,  25,  881 
Kingdom  of  Ireland,  The,  24,  1106 
Kinglake,   Alexander   William: 

Invasion  of  the  Crimea,  14,  514 
King's  Achievement,  The,  25,  852 
King's  Agent,  The,  25,  859 
King's  Assegai,  The,  25,  885 
King's    Comrade,    A,    25,    845 
King's  Deputy,  The,  25,  869 
King's   Fool,  The,  25,  834 
King's  Henchman,  The,  25,  837 
King's   Highway,   25,   860 
King's  Own,  The,  25,  864 
King's  Pawn,  A,  25,  837 
King's  Reeve,  The,  25,  849 
King's  Revoke,  The,  25,  842 
King's   Ring,  The,   25,  893 
King's  Secret;  Being  the  Secret  Cor- 
respondence of  Louis  XV  with  his 

Diplomatic    Agents    from     1752    to 

1774,  The,  9,  501 
King's  Signet,  The,  25,  838 
King's  Sons,  The,   25,  845 
King's  Treasure  House,  The,  25,  821 
King's  Woman,  A,  25,  870 
King's    Yard,    The:    a    Story    of    Old 

Portsmouth,  25,  863 
Kingsford,  William: 

History    of    Canada,    20,    407,    24, 
1 107,   1 1 10 
Kingsley,  Charles: 

Hereward   the   Wake;    Last  of  the 
English,  25,  846 

Heroes,  The,  25,  824 

Hypatia,   25,  821 

Westward  Ho!,  25,  853 
Kingsley,   Florence  Morse: 

Cross  Triumphant,  The,  25,  823 

Paul,   a    Herald   of   the    Cross,    25, 
823 

Stephen,  a  Soldier  of  the  Cross,  25, 
823 

Titus,  25,  823 
Kingsley,  Henry: 

Mademoiselle   Mathilde,   25,  841 

Old  Margaret,  25,  875 

Silcote   of   Silcotes,   25,   830 

Stretton,  25,  832 

Valentin,  25,  844 
Kingsley,  M.  H.: 

Story  of  West  Africa,   19,  323 


Travels    in    West    Africa,     Congo, 
Francais,      Corisco,      Cameroons, 

*9,  325 

West  African  Studies,  19,  326 
Kingsley,  W.  L.: 

Yale   College,  24,   1110 
Kingston,  William  Henry  Giles: 

Edol  the  Druid,  25,  845 

From  Powder-Monkey  to  Admiral, 
25,  866 

Great      African      Travellers,      from 
Mungo   Park  to   Stanley,   19,  323 

Jovinian,  25,  827 

Merchant  of  Haarlem,  The,  25,  876 
Kinos,  Y.: 

Past  and  Present  of  Japanese  Com- 
merce, 7,  333 
Kinship  and  Marriage  in   Early  Ara- 
bia, x,  439 
Kirby,  William: 

Golden  Dog,  The,  25,  887 
Kirk,  John  Foster: 

History    of    Charles    the    Bold,    9, 

497 
Kirkland,   Joseph: 

M'Veys,  The;  an   Episode,   25,  897 
Zury,   the   Meanest   Man   in   Spring 
County,   25,   897 
Kirkman,   M.   M. : 
Iskander,  25,  824 

Romance   of  Gilbert   Holmes,   The, 
25,   896 
Kitchin,  George  William: 

History  of  France,  9,  495 
Kittel,  R.: 

Geschichte  der  Hebraer,  1,  440 
Kitty  Alone;  a  Story  of  Three  Fires, 

25,  866 
Kitwyk,  25,  877 
Kleine  Schriften,  I,  436 
Klerk  de  Reus,  G.  C.: 

Geschichtlicher       Ueberblick       der 
Administrativen,    rechtlichen    und 
finanziellen        Entwicklung        der 
Niederlandisch     -     Oostindischen 
Campagnie,  5,  398 
Klose,  H.: 
Togo   unter   deutscher    Flagge,    19, 
323 
Klosterheim,  25,  884 
Kluber,  Johann   Ludwig: 
Atken  des  Wiener  Kongresses,  17, 
467 


982 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Klytia,  25,  883 
Knapp,  Frederick: 

Life  of  John   Kalt,   Major   General 
in   the    Revolutionary   Army,    24, 
mi 
Knickerbocker's      History      of     New 

York,  25,  890 
Knight  of  Gwynne,  The,  25,  870 
Knight    of    the    Golden    Chain,    The, 

25,  847 

Knight  of  the   Golden   Cross,  A,   25, 

879 
Knight  of  the   Needle   Rock  and   his 

Days,  The,  25,  853 
Knight  of  the   White    Cross,   A,   25, 

824 
Knights  of  the  Cross,  The,  25,  878 
Knolles,  Richard,  and  Rycaut: 

General   History  of  the  Turks,   14, 

513 
Knowles,  James  Davis: 

Memoir    of    Roger    Williams,    24, 
mo 
Knox,  G.  W.: 

Japanese   Life  in  Town  and   Coun- 
try, 7,  332 
Knox,  John: 

History     of     the     Reformation     in 
Scotland,  12,  382 
Knox,  General,  24,  mi 
Koepp,  Friedrich: 

Die  Romer  in  Deutschland,  18,  457 
Koerner,  Herman  T.: 

Beleaguered,    25,    884 
Kohn,  S.: 

Gabriel,  25,  823,  881 
Kokoro:   Hints  and  Echoes  of  Japa- 
nese Inner  Life,  7,  332 
Kolonien,  20,  403 
Kolonien,     Kolonialpolitik     und     aus- 

wanderung,  20,  399,  21,  359 
Kongeriget  Norge,  16,  345 
Konung  Oskar  II  och  Sveriges  Folk, 

16,  346 
Konungariket  Sverige,  16,  346 
Koran,   translated   into    English   from 

the   Original  Arabic,  The,   1,  439 
Kormak  the  Viking,  25,  880 
Korolenko,  V.: 

In  Two  Moods,  25,  878 
Koser  Reinhold: 

Friedrich  der  Grosse  als  Kronprinz, 
18,  457 


Kounv  and  Fischer: 

Norway,   16,   348 
Kovalevsky,  M.: 

Russian    Political    Institutions,    15, 
389 
Kozhevar,  E.: 

Report  on  the  Republic  of  Mexico, 
22,  516 
Kraszewski,  Joseph  Ignatius: 

Countess   Cosel,   The,   25,   879,   884 
Jew,  The,  25,  879 
Krausse,  Alexis: 

China  in  Decay,  6,  326 
Krones,  A.: 

Geschichte     der     Neuzeit     Oester- 
reichs  vom  18  Jahrh.  bis  auf  die 
Gegenwart,   17,  467 
Krones,  M.: 

Grundriss      der      Oesterreichischen 
Geschichte,  17,  465 
Kruger,  Johannes  Stephanus  Paulus: 
Memoirs     of     Paul     Kruger,     Four 
Times    President    of    the    South 
African  Republic,  19,  323 
Ku  Hung-Ming: 

Discourses   and   Sayings   of   Confu- 
cius, 6,  327 
Papers  from  a  Viceroy's  Yamen,  6, 
328 
Kuehnen,  A.: 

Gottesdienst  von   Israel,   1,  440 
Skizzen  ous  der  Geschichte  Israels, 
1,  440 
Kulturbilder    aus    Hellas    und    Rome, 

2,  558 
Kwaidan,  7,  332 
Kypros,  die  Bibel  und  Homer,  1,  437 


La  Battaglia  di  Benevento,  25,  827 
La  Bedolliere,  Emile  G.  de: 

Histoire   de  la   guerre   du   Mexique, 
22,  516 
La  Bible  et  les  decouvertes  modernes, 

1,  43i 

La    Chine:    sa    religion,    ses    moeurs, 

ses  missions,  6,  329 
La  Cienca  Espaiiola,  8,  549 
Lacombe,  Paul: 

Short   History  of  the  French  Peo- 
ple, 9,  496 
La  Comtesse  de  Charny,  25,  840 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


983 


La  conquete  de  la  Pampa,  21,  359 
La  constituciones  politicas  que  ha  te- 

nido   la   republica    Boliviana    (1826- 

1868),  21,  359 
Lacroix,  Paul: 

Beautes  de  l'histoire  de  la  domina- 
tion des  Arabes  et  de  Maures  en 
Espagne  et  en  Portugal,  8,  547 
L'acropole  de  Suse,  d'apres  les  fouil- 

les   ae    1884-1886,   1,  437 
Lad  of  the  O'Friels',  A,  35,  870 
La  Dame  de  Monsoreau,  25,  837 
Ladder  of   Swords:   A   tale   of   Love, 

Laughter   and   Tears,   25,    853 
La  Diplomatic  du  premier  Comite  de 
Salut   public,    10,    507 
Lady  and  the   Priest,   The,  35,  847 
Lady  Jean's   Son,  35,   875 
Lady  of  Fort  St.  John,  The,  35,  886 
Lady  of  Hirta,  The,  35,  874 
Lady  of  Loyalty  House,  The,  35,  855 
Lady  of  Lynn,  The,  35,  862 
Lady  of  Quality,  A,  25,  860 
Lady  of  the  Regency,  A,  35,  866 
Lady  Sybil's  Choice,  35,  823,  847 
Lady  Wedderburn's  Wish,  35,  867 
Lady's    Honour,    A,    35,   861 
La  Espaha  del  Siglo  XIX,  8,  547 
La  Fayette,  Madame  Marie  de: 

Princess  of  Cleves,   The,  35,  836 
Lafayette,  34,  mi 
Lafitte  of  Louisiana,  35,  842,  895 
La  France  Coloniale:  Histoire,  Geog- 
raphic,   Commerce.    Ouvrage  publie 

saus     la     direction    de     M.     Alfred 

Rambaud,  30,  409 
La  France  en  1789,  10,  507 
Lafuente,  Modesta,  and  Valera,  Juan: 

Historia  general  de  Espana,  8,  545 
Lagerlof,   Selma: 

Jerusalem,  35,  824 
La  Grande  Encyclopedic,  15,  390 
La   Grece   Byzantine    et   moderne,   3, 

556 
La  guerre  de  independencia,  23,  517 
La    Hollande,    Geographique,    Ethno- 

logique,   etc.,    13,   597 
La   Hongrie  Moderne,   1849-1901,   17, 

468 
Laing,  Samuel: 

Heimskungla   or   Chronicles  of  the 
Kings  of   Norway,   16,  346 


Lair: 

L'Imperialisme  Allemand,  18,  460 
Lake  Geneva  and  its  Literary  Land- 
marks,  13,   599 
La  Legende  des  Girondins,  10,  507 
Lally  of  the  Brigade,  25,  829 
La  Lydie  et  le  monde  grec  au  temps 

des  Mermnades,  1,  437 
La   main    d'oeuvre   aux   colonies,   20, 

398 
Lamar,  L.  Q.  C,  24,  11 14 
Lamartine,  Alphonse  de: 

Girondists,  The,  9,  497 
Lamb,  W.  J.: 

History  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
24,  1 109 
Lancashire  Witches,  The,  25,  854 
Lancaster  and  York,  11,  648 
Lances  of  Lynwood,  The,  25,  849 
Lanciani,  R. : 

Ancient  Rome  in  the  Light  of  Re- 
cent Discoveries,  3,  402 

Ruins  and    Excavations   of  Ancient 
Rome,  3,  402 
Land  of  the  Dons,  The,  8,  550 
Land  of  the  Midnight  Sun,  The,  16, 

348 
Land  of  the  Wine,  The,  8,  550 
Land  Revenue  of  Bombay,  a  History 

of    its     Administration,     Rise     and 

Progress,  5,  394 
Land    Systems    of    British    India,    5, 

394 
Landmann,  George: 

Historical,  Military,  and  Picturesque 
Observation  on    Portugal,  8,  547 
Landon,  Judson: 

Constitutional   History  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  24,  1 106 
Landor,  Walter  Savage: 

Pericles  and  Aspasia,  25,   824 
Lane,  Edward  William: 
Account  of  the   Manners  and   Cus- 
toms  of  the   Modern    Egyptians, 

I,  433 

Arabian     Society     in     the     Middle 

Ages,   1,  438 
Thousand  and  One  Nights,  The,  1, 

438 
Lane,  Elinor  Macartney: 
Mills  of  God,  The,  25,  895 
Nancy  Stair,  25,  875 


984 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Lane,   Mrs.  John: 
Kitwyk,  25,  877 
Lane-Poole,    Stanley: 

Barbary  Corsairs,  The,  14,  514 
History  of  Egypt,  1,  433 
History  of  the  Mogul  Emperors  of 
Hindustan     illustrated     by     their 
Coins,   5,  398 
Life    of    Stratford     Canning,    Vis- 
count Stratford  de  Redcliffe,   14, 

514 

Mohammedan  Dynasties;  Chrono- 
logical and  Genaeological  Tables, 
with  Historical  Introductions,  x, 
438 

Story    of   the    Moors    in    Spain,    8, 

547 

Story  of  Turkey,   14,  513 
Lanfrey,  Pierre: 

Histoire  de  Napoleon  Ier,  10,  509 
Lang,  Andrew: 

History  of  Scotland,   12,  382 

Monk  of  Fife,  A,  25,  835 

Parson   Kelly,  25,  861 

World's  Desire,  The,  25,  824 
Lang,  John: 

Wetherbys,  The,  25,  831 
L'Angleterre  et  Immigration,   10,  508 
Lanin,  E.  B.: 

Russian  characteristics,  15,  389 
L'Annee  des  Merveilles,  25,  833 
L'Annee   Politique,    17,   468 
La  Paix  de  Bale,  10,  508 
La   Perse,   la   Chaldee   et   la   Susiane, 

I,  437 
La    Perse    politique    et    militaire    au 

XIX  siecle,  1,  437 
Lapsed,  but  not  Lost,  25,  826 
La   Question   d'Orient,    14,   514 
La  retraite  de  Brunswick,  10,  508 
La    Revolution    et    la    Feodalite,    10, 

508 
Larger  History  of  the  United  States, 

24,   1 103 
Larned  : 

Spanish    and    Portuguese    America 
and  the  West  Indies,  21,  357 
Larned,  J.  N.: 

Literature  of  American  History,  a 
Bibliographical    Guide,    21,    357 

Literature  of  American  History, 
European  Discovery  and  Early 
Exploration,  21,  358 


L'art  antique  de  la  Perse,   I,  437 
La    Salle    and    the    Discovery   of   the 

Great  West,  20,  408,  24,  1107 
Las  Estados  Unidos  Mejicanos,  1877- 

1897,  22,  516 
Last  Abbot  of  Glastonbury,  The,  25, 

852 
Last  Days  and  Fall  of  Palmyra,  The 

(Zenobia),  25,  822,  826 
Last  Days  of  Knickerbocker   Life  in 

New  York,  24,   1109 
Last  Days  of  Pompeii,  The,  25,  826 
Last  Foray,  The,  25,  852 
Last  Hope,  The,  25,  843 
Last  Journals  in   Central  Africa,   19, 

326 
Last  of  the  Barons,  The,  25,  850 
Last   of  the   Cliffords,   The,   25,   857, 

881 
Last  Recruit  of  Clare's,  The,  25,  839 
Latane,  John  H.: 

Diplomatic  Relations  of  the  United 
States  and  Spanish  America,  21, 

359 
La  Tanisie   et  la   Colonisation   Fran- 
chise, 19,  321 
Later    History    of    British,     Spanish, 

and    Portuguese-America,   The,   21, 

358 
Latham: 

States    of    the    River    Plate,    The, 
21,  359 
Lathrop,  George  Parsons: 

Spanish  Vistas,  8,  550 
Latimer,    Elizabeth   Wormley: 

Europe  in  Africa  in  the  Nineteenth 
Century,   19,   323 

Spain    in    the    Nineteenth    Century, 

8,  547 
Latin  Literature,  3,  402 
La  Turquie  d'Asie,  14,  514 
La  Turquie  et  le  Tangirnat,  14,  514 
La   Turquie   et   l'Hellenisme   contem- 

poraine,    2,    556 
Latzina,    Francisco : 

Die      argentinische      Republik      rds 
Ziel    der    Europaischen    Auswan- 
derung,  21,  359 
Lauder,  Sir  Thomas  Dick: 

Wolfe  of  Badenoch,  The,  25,  871 
Lauer,  P.  E.: 

Church  and  State  in  New  England, 
24,  1 109 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


985 


Laugh  ton,  J.  K.: 

Life  of  Nelson,  10,  509 
Laura  Everingham,  25,  867 
Laurie,  W.  F.  B.: 

Our  Burmese  Wars  and  Relations 
with  Burma,  being  an  Abstract 
of  Military  and  Political  Opera- 
tions, 1824-1826,  and  1852-1853,  5, 
398 
Laut,  Agnes  C: 

Lords  of  the  North,  25,  887 
L'Autriche    et    le     Comite     de     Salut 

public,    10,   508 
L'Avenir   Colonial   de  la   France,   19, 

322 
Lavisse  and   Rambaud,   Alfred   Nico- 
las: 

Histoire   Generale,   15,  390,   19,  323 
Lavisse,  E.: 

Histoire  de  France  depuis  les  orig- 
ines  jusq'  a  la  revolution,  9,  496 
Lawless,  Emily: 
Maelcho,   25,  869 

Story  of  the   Irish  Nation,   12,  381 
With  Essex  in  Ireland,  25,  869 
Lawrence,  G.  A.: 

Brakespeare;  or,  The  Fortunes  of  a 
Free-Lance,  25,  835 
Laws  of  the   Indies,  21,  359 
Lay  Down  Your  Arms,  25,  884 
Layard,   Sir  Austin  Henry: 

Early    Adventures    in    Persia,    Susi- 

ana,   and    Babylonia,    1,    431 
Monuments  of  Nineveh,   1,  434 
Nineveh  and    Babylon,   1,  434 
Nineveh  and  its   Remains,   1,  434 
Lazarre,   25,   841,  895 
Lea,  Henry  C: 

Chapters    from    the    Religious    His- 
tory  of  Spain,  24,   1106 
Indian    Policy    of    Spain,    The,    20, 
402 
Leaders  of  Public  Opinion  in  Ireland, 

12,  382 
Leaguer  of  Lathom,  The,  25,  856 
Leather  Stocking  and  Silk,  25,  892 
Leather     Stocking     Romances,     The, 

25,  892 
Lebon,  Andre: 

L'Angleterre    et    Immigration,    10, 
508. 
Le  Bresil  en  1884,  21,  360 


Le  Breton,  John: 
Mis'ess  Joy,  25,  866 

Le  Chien  d'Or,  25,  887 

Lecky,  William  Edward  Hartpole: 
American  Revolution,  The,  24,  11 10 
History    of    England,    11,    647,    12, 

381,  24,  1 106 
Leaders  of  Public   Opinion  in   Ire- 
land,   12,    382 

Le  Colonie  degli  Italiani,  19,  321 

Lecomte,  Ferdinand: 

Guerre  de  la  Prusse  et  de  l'ltalie 
contre  l'Autriche  et  la  Confedera- 
tion Germanique  en  1866,  18,  457 

Le  Comte  de  Cavour,  etude  de  poli- 
tique nationale  et  parlementaire,  4, 
421 

Lecture  on  the  Origin  and  Growth  of 
Religion,  as  illustrated  by  the  Re- 
ligion of  India,  5,  399 

Lectures   on    Colonization,   20,   398 

Lectures  on  the  History  of  Ireland, 
12,  381 

Lectures  on  the  History  of  the  Jew- 
ish  Church,   1,  441 

Lectures  on  the  Origin  and  Growth 
of  Religion  as  Illustrated  by  the 
Religion  of  the  Ancient  Hebrews, 
1,  440 

Le  Culte  de  la  Raison  et  de  l'Etre 
supreme,   10,  507 

Le  Danemark,  16,  349 

Le  Directoire,  10,  508 

Ledlie,  J.  C: 

Institutes,  The:  a  Text  Book  of  the 
History  and  System  of  Roman 
Private  Law,  3,  402 

Lee,  Albert: 

Baronet  in  Corduroy,  The,  25,  860 
Black  Disc,  The,  25,  833 
Frown  of  Majesty,  The,  25,  838 
Inca's   Ransom,  The,  25,  888 

Lee,  J.  A.: 

Peaks  and  Pines,  16,  348 

Lee,  R.  H.: 

Life  of  Arthur  Lee,  24,   mi 

Lee,   Robert   E.,   Life   of,  24,    11 14 

Lee,  Robert  E.,  Jr.: 

Life  of  R.  E.  Lee,  24,  11 14 

Lee- Warner,  Sir  W.: 
Citizens  of  India,  5,  394 
Protected  Princes  of  India,  5,  394 


986 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Lefmann,  S.: 

Geschichte  des  alten  Indiens,  5,  393 
Left-handed  Swordsman,  A,  25,  869 
Legend  of  Montrose,  The,  35,  873 
Legend    of    Reading    Abbey,    A,    25, 

847 
Leger,  Louis: 

Histoire  de  l'Autriche-Hongrie,  17, 

465 

La    Grande    Encyclopedic,    15,    390 
Legislative    Systems    from    Henry    II 

to  the  Union,  12,  381 
Lehrbuch   der   hebraischen  Archaolo- 

gie,  1,  440 
Leigh,  H.  D.,  and  How,  W.  W.: 

History  of   Rome  to  the   Death  of 
Caesar,  3,  399 
Leigh  ton,  Robert: 

Cap'n  Nat's  Treasure,  25,  863 

Golden  Galleon,  The,  25,  854 

Hurrah  for  the  Spanish  Main!,  25, 

853 

Olaf  the  Glorious,  25,  880 

Thirsty  Sword,  The,  25,  871 
Leila,  25,  833 
Leland: 

History  of  Ireland,  12,  381 
Leland  and  Van  Tyne: 

Guide  to  the  Archives  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  24,  1 103 
L'Eleve  de  Garrick,  25,  863 
Lelewell,  J.: 

Histoire  de  Pologne,  15,  390 
L'Eloquence     parlementaire     pendant 

la   Revolution,   10,   507 
Lembke  and  Schafer: 

Geschichte  von  Spanien,  8,  545 
Lemcke,  E.: 

Handbuch   der   spanischen    Littera- 
tur,  8,  549 
Le   Mexique   ancien   et   Moderne,   22, 

516 
Le    Mexique    au    Debut    XXe    Siecle, 

22,  515 
Le  Mexique  de  nos  Jour,  22,  517 
L'Empire  de  Tsars  et  les  Russes,  15, 

389 
Lenormant,  Francois: 

Chaldean    Magic:    Origin    and    De- 
velopment, 1,  434 

Les  dieux  de  Babylone  et  l'Assyrie, 
1,  434 


Le  Notre,  G.: 

House  of  the  Combrays,  25,  842 
Leonard  Lindsay,  25,  860 
Leonora    d'Orco;    or,    The    Times    of 

Csesar  Borgia,  25,  828 
Leopold  I  et  Leopold  II,  13,  598 
Le  pays   des   Amazone,   l'El    Dorado, 

les  terres  a  caoutchouc,  21,  360 
Le  Poer,  John  Patrick: 

Modern  Legionary,  A,  25,  844 
Lepsius,  Karl  Richard: 

Denkmaler      aus      Aegypten      und 
Aethiopien,    1,  433 
Le    regime   des    protectorats,   20,   398 
Le   regime  foncier   aux   colonies,   20, 

398 
Le  Roman  d'une  Imperatrice,  15,  389 
Leroy-Beaulieu,  Pierre  Paul: 

Awakening    of    the    East,    The,    6, 
328 

De  la  Colonisation  chez  les  Peuples 
Moderenes,   19,  323,  20,   398,   21, 

359 
L'Empire   de   Tsars   et   les    Russes, 

15,  389 
Les  Nouvelles  Societes  Anglo- 
Saxonnes,  Australie,  Nouvelle-Ze- 
land,  Afrique,  Australe,  Nouvelle 
edition  entierement  refondue,  20, 
406 
Les    auteurs    hindoustainis    et    leurs 

ouvrages,  5,  397 
Les   chemin   de   fers  aux   colonies   et 

dans  les  pays  neufs,  20,  398 
L'esclavage  au  Bresil,  21,  360 
Les  Colonies  Franchises,  20,  408 
Les   dieux   de   Babylone   et  l'Assyrie, 

1,  434 

Les  Etats  Scandinaves  de  1815  a 
1847;  de  1848  a  1870;  de  1870  a  nas 
jours,  16,  347 

Les  functionnaires  coloniaux,  20,  398 

Les  guerres  de  la  Revolution,  10,  508 

Les  langues  perdues  de  la  Perse  et 
de   l'Assyrie,    1,   435 

Les  marines  de  guerre  de  l'antiquite 
et  du  moyen  age,  1,  436 

Les  Miserables,  25,  843 

Les  Nouvelles  Societes  Anglo-Saxon- 
nes,  Australie,  Nouvelle-Zeland,  Af- 
rique, Australe,  Nouvelle  edition 
entierement  refondue,  20,  406 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


987 


Les  origines  de  la  France  contempo- 

raine,  'La  regime  moderne,  10,  510 
L'Espagne   Moderne,  8,  548 
Les     Races     et     les     Nationalites     en 

Autriche  Hongrie,  17,  466 
Les    Representants    en    Mission,    10, 

508 
Lest  We  Forget,  25,  852 
L'Etat     Independent     du     Congo     a 

l'Exposition    de     Bruxelles-Tervne- 

ren  en   1897,   19,  323 
Letteratura   Assira,    1,   435 
Lettere    Edite    ed    Inedite,     Raccolte 

ed  Illustrate  da  S.   Chiala,  4,  421 
Letters   and   Dispatches    of   the    First 

Napoleon,  10,  509 
Letters  and  Journals,   19,  325 
Letters  of  Cicero,  The,  3,  399 
Letters  and  Times  of  the  Tylers,  24, 

1113 
Letters    from    a    Chinese    Official,    6, 

328 
Letters  from  Majorca,  8,  550 
Letters  on  Turkey,   14,  514 
Lettice   Eden:   Tale  of  Last  Days  of 

Henry  VIII,  25,  852 
L'Europe  et  le  Directoire,  10,  508 
L'Europe    et  la   Revolution   franchise, 

10,  508,  17,  467 
Levasseur : 

Abolition  de   l'esclavage   au   Bresil, 
21,  360 
Lever,  Charles: 

Charles  O'Malley,  25,  865,  870 

Gerald     Fitzgerald    the     Chevalier, 
25,  830 

Jack  Hinton,  25,  870 

Knight  of  Gwynn,  The,  25,  870 

Maurice    Tiernay,    the    Soldier    of 
Fortune,  25,  842,  870 

O'Donoghue,  The,  25,  870 

Tom  Burke  of  "Ours,"  25,  842,  865, 
870 
Levermore,  G.  H.: 

Republic   of   New   Haven,   24,   1108 
Lewes,  G.  H.: 

Life  of  Maximilian  Robespierre,  10, 
508 
Lewis,  Charlton    T.: 

History     of     Germany     from     the 
Earliest  Times,  18,  455 
Lewis,  Sir  George  Cornwall: 

Essays   on   the    Administrations   of 
Great  Britain,   11,  647 


Lewis,  Robert  E.: 

Educational    Conquest    of   the    Far 
East,  6,  328 
L'Expedition  de  Custine,  10,  508 
Lie,  J.  L.  I.: 

Barque    Future;    Life    in    the    Far 
North,   The,  25,  881 
Liefde,  Jacob  B.  de: 

Beggars,  The,  25,  876 

Brave   Resolve,  A,   25,   883 

Walter's  Escape,  25,  876 
Lieutenant  under  Washington,  A,  25, 

894 
Life  and  Adventures  of  Robin  Hood, 

The,  25,  848 
Life    and    Correspondence    of    James 

Iredell,   24,    1111 
Life    and    Correspondence    of    Rufus 

King,  24,  1 1 13 
Life  and  Death  of  Richard   Yea-and- 

Nay,  The,  25,  847 
Life  and   Letters,    11,  649 
Life  and  Letters  of  John  Brown,  24, 

1113 
Life  and   Letters  of  John  Winthrop, 

24,  1 1 10 
Life    and    Letters    of    Ogier    de    Bus- 

becq,  14,  514 
Life    and    Public    Career    of    Horace 

Greeley,  24,    11 14 
Life  and  Teachings  of  Abbas  Effendi 

[Babism],  5,  401 
Life  and   Times   of  Aaron   Burr,   24, 

1113 
Life    and    Times    of    Colonel    Daniel 

Boone,   24,  1113 
Life    and    Times    of    Cotton    Mather, 

24,  1 1 10 
Life  and  Times  of  Frederic  Douglass, 

24,  1 1 12 
Life    and   Times    of   James    Madison, 

24,  1113 
Life    and    Times    of   John    Dickinson, 

1732-1808,  24,   1 1 13 
Life  and  Times  of  Joseph  Story,  24, 

1113 

Life  and  Times  of  Martin  Van  Buren, 

34>  1113 
Life    and    Times    of    Philip    Schuyler, 

24,  mi 
Life  and  Times  of  S.  S.  Prentiss,  24, 

1113 
Life   and   Times   of   Sa-go-ye-u-at-ha, 
or  Red  Jacket,  24,  1113 


988 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Life  and  Times  of  Sir  George  Grey, 

20,  406 
Life    and    Times    of    Stein,    10,    510,  ■ 

18,  458 
Life  and  Times  of  Wendell  Phillips, 

24,  1 1 13 

Life  and  Times  of  William  Brewster, 

24,   1 1 10 
Life  and  Treason  of  Benedict  Arnold, 

24,  1111 
Life   and   Voyages   of   Columbus,   24, 

1 107 
Life  and  Writings  of  Mazzini,  4,  422 
Life  in  Ancient   Egypt,  1,  432 
Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  24,   11 14 
Life  of  Albert  Gallatin,  24,  n  12 
Life  of  Arthur  Lee,  24,  nil 
Life  of  Benito  Juarez,  22,  515 
Life  of  Benjamin  Wade,  24,  1113 
Life  of  Benton,  24,   11 12 
Life  of  Buchanan,  24,  11 12 
Life  of  C.  L.  Vallandigham,  24,  1114 
Life  of  Calhoun,  24,  11 12 
Life   of   Cass,   24,    1112 
Life  of   Charlemagne,   9,   501 
Life  of  Charles  Sumner,  24,  1112,  1114 
Life    of    Christopher    Columbus,    24,    , 

1 107 
Life  of  Cicero,  3,  401 
Life  of  Clay,  24,  11 12 
Life  of  Colonel  Paul  Revere,  24,  11 11 
Life  of  Daniel  Webster,  24,  11 13 
Life  of  Danton,  10,  507 
Life  of  David  Glasgow  Farragut,  24, 

1 1 14 
Life  of  Deak,  17,  468 
Life  of  Edward   Livingston,   24,   1 113 
Life  of  Edward  Preble,  24,  11 13 
Life  of  Elbridge  Gerry,  24,  11 13 
Life  of  Ferdinand   Magellan   and  the 

First      Circumnavigation      of      the 

Globe,  24,  1 107 
Life  of  Francis  Marion,  24,  11 11 
Life  of  Francis   Parkman,  24,   1108 
Life  of  General  George  G.  Meade,  24, 

1 1 14 
Life    of    General    Thomas    Pinckney, 

34.  1 1 13 
Life   of   General    Winfield    Scott,   24, 

1113 
Life  of  George  Mason,  24,  11 13 
Life  of  Gouverneur  Morris,  24,   n  13 


Life  of  Henry  A.   Wise   of  Virginia, 

24,  1 1 13 
Life  of  Hugo  Grotius,  13,  597 
Life  of  Israel  Putnam,  24,  11 11 
Life  of  J.  G.  Birney,  24,  11 12 
Life  of  Jackson,  24,   11 12 
Life  of  James  Madison,  24,  1113 
Life  of  James  Sullivan,  24,  11 13 
Life  of  Jefferson  Davis,  24,  11 12,  1114 
Life  of  John  J.   Crittenden,   24,    11 13 
Life  of  John  Jay,  24,   11 12 
Life  of  John  Kalb,  Major  General  in 

the  Revolutionary  Army,  24,  11 11 
Life  of  John  Milton,  and  History  of 

His  Time,  11,  648 
Life  of  John  of  Barneveld,  13,  508 
Life  of  John  Quincy  Adams,  24,  11 12 
Life  of  John  Randolph,  24,  11 12 
Life  of  Joseph  Brant,  24,  1111 
Life  of  Joshua   R.  Giddings,  24,  11 13 
Life  of  Lincoln,  24,  11 12 
Life    of    Mahomet    and    History    of 

Islam,  The,  1,  438 
Life  of  Major  General  James  Wolfe, 

24,  1 1 10 
Life  of  Major  General  John  Muhlen- 
berg, 24,  mi 
Life    of    Major    General    Sir    Henry 

Marion  Durand,  5,  397 
Life  of  Marcus  Tullius  Cicero,  3,  401 
Life  of  Marshall,  24,  11 12 
Life   of   Maximilian    Robespierre,    10, 

508 
Life  of  Midhat  Pasha,  13,  514 
Life  of  Monroe,  24,   11 12 
Life  of   Napoleon  Bonaparte,   9,  499, 

10,  510 
Life  of  Napoleon   I,   10,  509 
Life  of  Napoleon  III,  The,  9,  497 
Life  of  Nelson,  10,  509,  11,  647 
Life   of   Nelson,   the    Embodiment    of 

the  Sea  Power  of  Great  Britain,  10, 

509 
Life  of  O.  P.  Morton,  24,  11 14 
Life   of    Oglethorpe,    24,    1110 
Life  of  Paul  Jones,  24,   mi 
Life    of    Prince    Henry    of    Portugal, 

surnamed  the  Navigator,  20,  400 
Life  of  Robert  Lord  Clive,  5,  399 
Life  of   Roger  Williams,  24,   11 10 
Life  of  St.  Columba,  12,  381,  382 
Life  of  St.  Patrick,  12,  381 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


989 


Life  of   Saint   Mary   Magdalen,   The, 

25,  823 
Life  of  Schuyler  Colfax,  24,  11 14 
Life  of   Seward,  24,   11 12 
Life  of  Silas  Wright,  24,  11 13 
Life  of  Sir  John  Eliot,  II,  646 
Life  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  The,  II, 

646,  24,   1 1 10 
Life  of  Sir  William  Johnson,  24,  11 10 
Life  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  24,  11 12 
Life  of  Stephen  Decatur,  24,  11 13 
Life   of   Stratford    Canning,   Viscount 

Stratford  de  Redcliffe,  14,  514 
Life  of  Tecumseh  and  of  His  Brother 

the  Prophet,  24,   11 13 
Life    of    Thomas    Hutchinson,    Royal 

Governor  of  the   Province  of  Mas- 
sachusetts  Bay,  24,   mi 
Life  of  Thomas  Paine,  24,  mi 
Life   of  Timothy   Pickering,  24,   n  13 
Life  of  Van   Buren,  24,   n  12 
Life  of  Viscount  Palmerston,  11,  645 
Life  of  W.  E.  Forster,  11,  648 
Life  of  W.  E.  Gladstone,  11,  648,  24, 

1 106 
Life  of  W.  L.  Garrison,  24,   1112 
Life  of  Webster,  24,  n  12 
Life  of  Wellington,   10,   509 
Life  of  William  III,  13,  599 
Life  of  William  Pitt,  11,  649 
Life   of   Yancey,   24,   n  12 
Life  of   Young  Sir   Harry   Vane,  24, 

nio 
Lifeguardsman,   The,    25,   859 
Light  of  Scarthey,  The,  25,  866 
Like  a   Rasen   Fiddler,  25,  852 
Like  Another  Helen,  25,  831 
Liljencrantz,  Ottilie  A.: 

Thrall  of  Leif  the  Lucky,  The,  25, 
845,  880 

Vinland  Champions,  The,  25,  890 

Ward    of    King    Canute,    The,    25, 
846 
Lilly,  W.  S.: 

British    India    and    its    Problem,    5, 

395 
L'imperialisme  Allemand,  18,  460 
Lincoln's  Plan  of  Reconstruction,  24, 

1 106 
Linder,  Theodore: 

Geschichte     de    deutschen     Reiches 
vom   Ende  des  vierzehnten   Jahr- 


hunderts  bis  zur  Reformation,  18, 

455 
Lindo,  E.  H.: 

History  of  the  Jews  of  Spain  and 
Portugal,   1,  440 
Lindsay,  Harry: 

Jacobite,   The,   25,   860 
Lingard,  John: 

History  of  England,  11,  645 
Lion  Cub,  The,  25,  877 
Lion  of   Flanders,  The,  25,  875 
Lion  of  Janina,  The,  25,  879 
Lion  of  St.  Mark,  The,  25,  828 
Lion  of  the  North,  The,  25,  893 
Lion  of  Wessex,  A,  25,  846 
Lionel  Lincoln,  25,  893 
Lion's  Brood,  The,  25,  825 
Lion's   Whelp,   The,   25,   857 
List    of    Books    with    References    to 
Periodicals  Relating  to  the  Theory 
of     Colonization,     Government     of 
Dependencies,  etc.,   19,  322 
L'ltalia   durante   il    domino   austriaco, 

4,  422 
Literary  History  of  America,  24,  1105 
Literary  History  of  India,  5,  394 
Literary    History    of    the     American 

Revolution,  24,    1105 
Literatura     Espanola     en     el     Siglo 

XIX,  8,  549 
Literature   of  American   History,   24, 

1 103 
Literature    of    American    History,    a 

Bibliographical  Guide,  21,  357 
Literature  of  American   History,   Eu- 
ropean Discovery  and  Early  Explo- 
ration, 21,   358 
Literature  of  Southern  Europe,  8,  549 
Little,  W.  J.  Knox: 

Sketches     and     Studies     in     South 
Africa,  19,  326 
Little  Captive  Lad,  A,  25,  857 
Little   Chief,  The,  25,  890 
Little  Duke,  The,  25,  834 
Little  Huguenot,   The,  25,   839 
Little  Jarvis,  25,  895 
Little   Marquis  of  Brandenburg,  The, 

25,  884 
Little  Novels  of  Italy,  25,  828 
Little  Saint  of  God,  The,  25,  840 
Little   Shepherd   of    Kingdom    Come, 
The,  25,  897 


990 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Little   Traitor   to    the   South,    A,   25, 

898 
Little  Union  Scout,  A,  25,  899 
Lively   Adventures    of    Gavin    Hamil- 
ton, The,  25,  884 
Livermore,   F.  L.: 

Numbers  and  Losses,  24,  1113 
Lives   of   Indian    Officers,   Illustrative 
of   the    Civil  and   Military    Services 
of  India,   5,   394 
Livingstone,  David: 

Last  Journals  in  Central  Africa,  19, 

326 
Missionary  Travels  and  Researches 

in  South  Africa,  19,  326 
Narrative   of  an   Expedition   to   the 
Zambezi  and  its   Tributaries,   19, 
326 
Livy,  Titus: 

History  of  Rome,  3,  399 
Lloyd,  Henry  Demarest: 

Newest  England:  Notes  of  a  Dem- 
ocratic Traveller  in  New  Zealand, 
with    Some    Australian    Compari- 
sons, 20,  406 
Lloyd,  W.  Watkiss: 

Age  of  Pericles,  The,  2,  557 
Lochinvar,  25,  873 
Lockhart,  John  Gibson: 

Valerius,  25,  826 
Lodge,  Henry  Cabot: 

Alexander  Hamilton,  24,   nil 
English   Colonies  in  America,  The, 

24,  1 108 
Life  of  Webster,  24,  11 12 
Story  of  the  Revolution,  24,  11 10 
Washington,   24,    mi 
Loeb,  Isidore: 

German  Colonial  Fiscal  System,  20, 

397 
Logan,  J.  A.: 

Great  Conspiracy,  The,  24,  11 14 
Logan,  W.: 

Malabar,  5,  398 
London   Pride,   25,  857 
Long,  G.: 

Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Re- 
public, 3,  400 
Plutarch's  Lives  of  Famous  Greeks 
and  Romans,  3,  399 
Long,  J.  D.: 

American   Navy,   The,   24,   11 14 


Long  Night,  The,   25,  877 

Long    Will,    25,    849 

Longbeard;    or,    The    Revolt    of   the 

Saxons,   25,  848 
Longfeather  the  Peacemaker,  25,  890 
Longshoremen,  The,  25,  865 
Longstreet,  J.: 

From     Manassas     to    Appomattox, 
24,  1114 
Lopez's    Expeditions    to    Cuba,    1850, 

1851,  22,   518 
Lord  Cromer,  a  Biography,  19,  324 
Lord   Edward    Fitzgerald,   25,   870 
Lord  Hermitage,  The,  25,  867 
Lord  of  Dyneover,   The,  25,  849 
Lord  of  Gold,  24,   11 12 
Lord  of  Lowedale,  The,  25,  837,  878 
Lord  of  the  Dark  Red  Star,  The,  25, 

827 
Lord  of  the  Harvest,  The,  25,  867 
Lord  of  the  Soil,  A,  25,  835 
Lord  Protector,  The,  25,  857 
Lords  of  the  North,  25,  887 
Lords  of  the  World,  25,  825 
Lore  of  Cathay,  6,  327 
Lorenzo    Benoni,    25,   830 
Lorenzo  de'  Medici,  4,  420 
Loring,  C.  W.: 

Nullification  and  Secession,  24,  1106 
Lorna  Doone,  25,  859 
Lorraine,  25,  843 

Los  partidos  en  Colombia,  21,  360 
Lossing,   Benson  John: 

Life  and  Times  of  Philip  Schuyler, 
24,  1 1 11 

Pictorial    Field   Book  of  the    Revo- 
lution, 24,   IIIO 

Pictorial  Field  Book  of  the  War  of 
1812,  24,  1 1 12 
Lost  Cause,  The,  24,   1113 
Lost  Lady  of  Old  Years,  A,  25,  874 
Lost  Land,  The,  25,  870 
Lost   Pibroch,   The,  and   other   Shiel- 
ing Stories,  25,  872 
Lost   Treasure   of  Trevlyn,   The,   25. 

854 
Lothrop,  T.  K.: 

William  Henry  Seward,  24,  1113 
Lotz: 

Virkehrsentwicklung     in     Deutsch- 
land,   1800-1900,   18,  460 
Louis  XIV,  9,  497 


AUTHORS    AND   TITLES 


991 


Louisiana    Purchase    and    Our    Title 

West     of    the     Rocky     Mountains, 

The,  24,   1 1 12 
Loukis    Laras,   25,  824 
Love  and  Honour,  25,  842,  884 
Love  Chase,  The,  25,  828 
Love  of  Comrades,  25,  855,  869 
Lover,  Samuel: 

Rory  O'More,  25,  870 

Treasure  Trove,  25,  862 
Lover  Fugitive,  The,  25,  859 
Lovers  of  Yvonne,  The,  25,  838 
Low,  C.  R.: 

History  of  the  Indian   Navy,   1613- 
1863,  5,  394 
Low,  S.  J.  M.,  and  Puling,  F.  S.: 

Dictionary  of  English  History,   II, 

645 
Lowe,  C: 

Alexander    III    of    Russia,    15,    389 
Lowe,   Charles : 

Fallen   Star,   A,   25,   884 

Prince      Bismarck:      an      Historical 
Biography,  18,  457 
Lowell,  A.  G.: 

Life  and  Times  of  Wendell  Phillips, 

24,   1 1 13 
Lowell,  A.  Lawrence: 

Colonial    Civil    Service:    The    Selec- 
tion   and    Training     of     Colonial 
Officials     in      Holland,      England 
and    France,   20,   398 
Government    of    Dependencies,    20, 

411 
Governments    and    Parties    in    Con- 
tinental   Europe,   9,   498 
Lowell,  Edward    J.: 

Eve   of  the    French    Revolution,    9, 

498,   10,  508 
Hessians     in    the     Revolution,     24, 
mo 
Lowell,  F.  C: 

Joan  of  Arc,  9,  498 
Lower  South,  The,  24,   11 12 
Lowery,  Woodbury: 

Spanish      Settlements      within      the 
Present     Limits     of     the     United 
States,  1513-1561,  20,  402 
Lowndes  of  South  Carolina,  24,  1113 
Lowth,  Alys: 

Daughter  of  the  Transvaal,  A,  25, 
886 
Loyal  Little  Maid,  A,  25,  861,  873 


Loyal   Traitor,   A,   25,   896 
Loyalism  in   New   York,   24,   n  10 
Loyalists  in  the  Revolution,  24,   1110 
Loyalists     of     America     and     Their 

Times,  24,   11 10 
Loyd,  Lady  Mary: 

Ivan  the   Terrible,   15,   389 

New  Letters  of  Napoleon  I,  9,  501 

Peter  the   Great,   15,   389 
Lubke,  Wilhelm: 

Outlines   of  the  History  of  Art,  2, 
558 
Lucas,  Annie: 

City  and  the   Castle,   The,   25,  877 
Lucas,  Charles  Prestwood: 

Historical  Geography  of  the  British 
Colonies,  20,  405 
Luck  of  Barerakes,  The,  25,  864 
Luck    of    Gerald    Ridgeley,    The,    25, 

885 
Lucy  Arden,  25,  861,  873 
Ludlow,  James  Meeker: 

Captain  of  the  Janizaries,  25,  879 

Deborah,  25,  822 
Ludovic  and  Gertrude,  25,  876 
Lugard,  F.  D.: 

Rise   of  our   East   African   Empire, 

19,  323 
Lumholtz,  C: 

Unknown    Mexico,   22,   516 
Lummis,  Charles  Fletcher: 

Awakening  of  a  Nation,  The,  22,  516 
Lundegard,  Axel: 

Storm  Bird,  The,  25,  882 
Lusignan,  Princess  Annie  de: 

Twelve     Years'     Reign     of     Abdul 
Hamid  II,  The,  14,  514 
Luther,  Mark  Lee: 

Favour  of  Princes,  The,  25,  839 
Luther,  Martin,  18,  456 
Liitzow,  Count: 

Bohemia,  an  Historical  Sketch,   17, 
466 
Lyall,  Sir  Alfred  Comyns: 

Asiatic   Studies,   Religious   and   So- 
cial, 5,  395 
Rise    of    the    British    Dominion    in 
India,    5,    393 
Lyall,  David: 

Heritage     of    the     Free,     The;     or, 
More  than  Conquerors,  25,  875 
Lyall,  Edna: 

Hope  the   Hermit,  25,  859 


992 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


In  Spite  of  All,  25,  855 

In  the   Golden   Days,  25,  858 

To  Right  the  Wrong,  35,  855 

Lychgate  Hall,  25,  864 

Lyman,  Olim  L.: 

Trail  of  the   Grand  Seigneur,  The, 
35,  887 

Lynch,  George: 

War  of  the  Civilization,  6,  326 

Lynch,  H.  F.  B.: 
Armenia,  Travels  and  Sketches,  14, 

515 
Lysbeth,  25,  876 
Lytton,  Edward  Bulwer,  Earl: 
Devereux,  25,  861 
Eugene  Aram,  25,  863 
Harold;  or,  The  Last  of  the  Saxon 

Kings,  25,  846 
Last    Days    of    Pompeii,    The,    25, 

826 
Last  of  the  Barons,  The,  25,  850 
Leila,  25,  833 
Parisians,  The,  25,  843 
Pausanias,  the  Spartan,  25,  824 
Rienzi,   the    Last   of   the    Tribunes, 

25,  827 
Zanoni,  25,  829 


M 


Macaulay,  Thomas  Babington,  Baron 

Macaulay: 

History   of   England   from   the   Ac- 
cession of  James  II,   II,  647,  12, 
381,  24,   1 106 
M'Aulay,  Allan: 

Black  Mary,  25,  875 

Poor  Sons  of  a  Day,  25,  874 

Rhymer,  The,  25,  875 
McCaleb,  W.  F.: 

Aaron  Burr   Conspiracy,  24,   1106 
McCall,  S.  W.: 

Life  of  Thaddeus  Stevens,  24,  1114 
McCall,  Sidney: 

Breath  of  the  Gods,  The,  25,  833 
McCarthy,  Charles  H.: 

Lincoln's    Plan    of    Reconstruction, 
24,  1 106 
McCarthy,  Justin: 

Christie  Carew,  25,  871 

Fair  Saxon,  A,  25,  870 


History  of  Our  Own  Times,  1837- 

1897,    11,  647,   12,  381 
Ireland  and  Her  Story,  12,  381 
McCarthy,  Justin  Huntly: 
Dryad,  The,  25,  825 
Flower  of  France,  The,  25,  835 
Lady   of   Loyalty   House,   The,  25, 

855 
Proud  Prince,  The,  25,  827 
McChesney,  Dora  Greenwell: 

Cornet    Strong   of    Ireton's    Horse, 

25,  855 
Kathleen  Clare,  25,  869 
Miriam     Cromwell,     Royalist,     25, 

855 
Rupert  by  the   Grace   of   God,   25, 

856 
Yesterday's  Tomorrow,  25,  857 
McClellan,  G.  B.: 

My  Own  Story,  24,    11 14 
MacCoun,  T.: 

Historical  Geography  of  the  United 
States,  24,  1 105 
MacCrachan,  W.  D.: 

Rise  of  the  Swiss  Republic,  13,  599 
McCrady,  Edward: 

History    of    South    Carolina    under 
the   Proprietary  Government,  24, 
1 109 
History    of    South    Carolina    under 

the  Royal  Government,  24,  1109 
South    Carolina   in   the    Revolution, 
24,  1 1 10 
M'Crindle,  J.  W.: 

Invasion  of  India  by  Alexander  the 
Great  as  described  by  Arrian,  Q. 
Curtius,    Diodorus,    Plutarch    and 
Justin,  5,  398 
McCulloch,  H.: 

Men  and  Measures  of  Half  a  Cen- 
tury, 24,  1 1 13 
McDerrte,  W.  A.,  and  Bohn,  W.  G.: 
Commentaries    on    the    Gallic    and 
Civil  Wars,  3,  399 
Macdonald,  Allan: 

For  Stark  Love  and  Kindness,  35, 
871 
Macdonald,  Duff: 

Africana,  19,  326 
Macdonald,  George: 

St.    George    and    St.    Michael,    25. 
855 


AUTHORS   AND    TITLES 


993 


Macdonald,  James: 

Myth  and  Religion,  19,  326 
MacDonald,  Ronald: 

God  Save  the   King,  25,  857 

Sword  of  the  King,  The,  25,  859 
Macdonald  Lass,  The,  25,  874 
Macdonnell,  A.  A.: 

History   of    Sanskrit    Literature,    5, 
398 
McDonnell,  R.  W.: 

Kathleen  Mavourneen,  25,  870 
Macfarlane,  Charles: 

Camp  of  Refuge,  The,  25,  846 

Dutch    in    the    Medway,    The,    25, 
858  4 

Legend  of   Reading   Abbey,   A,   25, 

847 
MacGahan,  and  Schuyler: 

Turkish  Atrocities  in   Bulgaria,   14, 

515 
McGary,  E.: 

American  Girl  in  Mexico,  22,  516 
McGee: 

Popular  History  of  Ireland,  12,  381 
Macgowan,  James: 

History  of  China,  6,  325 
MacGrath,  Harold: 

Grey  Cloak,  The,  25,  838 
Machray,  Robert: 

Grace  O'Malley,  25,  868 

Sir   Hector:    the    Story    of    a    Scots 
Gentleman,  25,  874 
MTlwraith,  Jean   N.,   and   M'Lennan, 

William: 

Span  o'  Life,  The,  25,  887 
Mackail,  J.  W.: 

Latin  Literature,  3,  402 
Mackay,  Charles: 

Longbeard;    or,    the    Revolt    of   the 
Saxons,  25,  848 
McKenzie,  A.  S.: 

Life  of  Paul  Jones,   24,   mi 

Life   of   Stephen    Decatur,   24,    1113 
Mackenzie,  J.: 

Scotland,  12,  382 
Mackenzie,  R.: 

Sketch    of    the    War    with    Tippoo 
Sultaun,  5,  398 
Mackenzie,  W.  C.: 

Lady  of  Hirta,  The,  25,  874 
Mackenzie,  W.  L.: 

Life    and    Times     of    Martin    Van 
Buren,  24,  11 13 


Mackie,  John: 

Prodigal's  Brother,  The,  25,  888 
Mackie,  Mrs.  P.  B.: 

Washingtonians,  The,  25,  898 
Mackinnon: 

Union,  12,  383 
Mackintosh : 

History  of  Civilization  in  Scotland, 
12,  382 
McLaughlin,  A.  C: 

Confederation,  The,  24,  nil 

Life  of  Cass,  24,  n  12 
McLaws,   Lafayette: 

Jezebel,  25,  822 

When    the    Land    was    Young,    25, 
891 
Maclay,  A.   C: 

Mito  Yashiki,  25,  833 
Maclay,  E.  S.: 

History  of  the  United  States  Navy, 
24,  1 105 
M'Lennan,  William: 

Span  o'  Life,  The,  25,  887 

Spanish  John,  25,  874 
MacMahon,  The,  25,  869 
McManus,  L.: 

Lally  of  the  Brigade,  25,  829 

Nessa,  25,  869 

Wager,   The,   25,   869 
MacManus,  Seumas: 

Lad  of  the  O'Friels',  A,  25,  870 
McMaster,  John  Bach: 

Benjamin    Franklin,  24,    nil 

History  of  the  People  of  the  United 
States,  24,  1 104 
Macfnillan,  Malcolm: 

Dagonet  the  Jester,  25,  856 
MacMurdo,  M.  M.,  and  Monteiro,  M.: 

History  of  Portugal,  8,  547 
McPherson,  E.: 

History  of  Reconstruction,  24,  11 14 

Political     History     of     the     United 
States   During  the    Rebellion,  24, 
1113 
Macquaid,  Katharine  S.: 

His  Heart's  Desire,  25,  837 

Ward  of  the  King,  A,  25,  836 
McRee,  G.  J.: 

Life  and   Correspondence  of  James 
Iredell,  24,    1111 
M'Veys,  The,  25,  897 
Maberley,  Mrs.: 

Lady  and  the  Priest,  The,  25,  847 


994 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Macedonian   Empire,  The,  2,   557 
Machiavelli,  N.: 

History  of  Florence,  the  Prince,  4, 
421 
Madagascar  and  Its  People,  19,  327 
Madame  Roland,  9,  500 
Madame  Therese,  25,  840 
Madamscourt:  Adventures  of  a  Fugi- 
tive Princess,  25,  861,  879 
Made   in    Germany,    18,   460 
Madeira   and   the   Canary   Islands,   8, 

550 
Madeiros,  Tavares  de: 

Das     Staatsrecht    des     Konigreichs 
Portugal,  8,  548 
Madeleine:   a  Tale   of  Auvergne,   25, 

842 
Madelon,  25,  843 
Mademoiselle  Mathilde,  25,  841 
Mademoiselle  Mori,  25,  830 
Madison,     James;     Hamilton,     Alex- 
ander; and  Jay,  John: 
Federalist,  The,  24,  1105 
Maelcho,  25,  869 
Magdalen  Hepburn,  25,  872 
Magnus  Sinclair,  25,  856 
Magruder,  A.  B.: 

Life  of  Marshall,  24,   11 12 
Magyars,  The,  17,  468 
Mahaffy,  John  Pentland: 
Alexander's  Empire,  2,  557 
Greek  Life  and  Thought,  2,  558 
Greek    World    Under    the    Roman 

Sway,  The,  2,  557 
History  of  Classical   Greek   Litera- 
ture, 2,  558 
History  of  Egypt  under  the  Ptole- 
maic Dynasty,  1,  433 
Old  Greek  Education,  2,  558 
Old  Greek  Life,  2,  558 
Social  Life  in  Greece,  2,  558 
Survey    of    Greek     Civilization,    2, 
558 
Mahan,  Alfred  Thayer: 

Influence  of  Sea  Power  upon  His- 
tory, 1660-1783,  5,  398,  9,  498,  10, 
509,  II,  647 
Life  of  Nelson,  the  Embodiment  of 
the  Sea  Power  of  Great  Britain, 
10,  509,  11,  647 
Mahon,  Lord: 

History  of  England,  1713-1783,  24, 
1 106 


Maid  at  Arms,  The,  25,  892 
Maid  Marian,  25,  847 
Maid   of    Florence,   The,   25,  828 
Maid    of    London    Bridge,    The,    25, 

852 
Maid  of  Maiden   Lane,  The,  25,  895 
Maid  of  Montauks,  25,  891 
Maid  of  Warsaw,  The,  25,  879 
Maid,   Wife,  or  Widow?,   25,   885 
Maiden    and    Married    Life    of    Mary 

Powell,  The,  25,  856 
Maids   of   Paradise,   The,    25,   843 
Mailla,  J.  A.  M.  de  M.  de: 

Histoire    generale    de    la    Chine,   6, 
325 
Maitland,  Alfred  L.: 

I   Lived  as  I   Listed,  25,  857 
Major,  Charles: 

Dorothy  Vernon   of  Haddon   Hall, 

25,  853 
When   Knighthood  was  in   Flower, 
25,  851 
Major,  Richard  Henry: 

Prince  Henry  the  Navigator,  8,  547, 
20,  400 
Major  Weir,  25,  873 
Maker  of  Lenses,  The,  25,  877 
Makers  of  Modern  Italy,  The,  4,  422 
Makgill,  George: 

Outside   and    Overseas,   25,   888 
Making   of    Christopher    Ferringham, 

The,  25,  890 
Making  of  England,  The,  11,  646 
Making  of  Hawaii:  A  Study  in  Evo- 
lution, The,  20,  411 
Making  of  New  England,  24,  1108 
Making    of    Pennsylvania,    The,    24, 

1 109 
Malabar,  5,  398 
Malcolm,  Sir  John: 

History  of  Persia,  5,  401 
Life  of  Robert,  Lord  Clive,  5,  399 
Mallen,  B.: 

Mexico     Yesterday     and     To-day, 
1876-1904,   22,    516 
Malleson,  George  Bruce: 

Decisive  Battles  of  India,  5,  399 
Final    French    Struggles    in    India, 

and  the  Indian  Seas,  5,  399 
History    of    the    French    in    India, 
from  the  founding  of  Pondicherry 
in    1674    to    the    capture    of    that 
place  in   1761,  5,  399 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


995 


History     of     the     Indian      Mutiny, 

1857-1858,   5,   399 
Refounding  of  the  German  Empire, 
1848-1871,    18,    458 

Mallet,  Charles  E.: 

French  Revolution,  The,  10,  507 

Mailing,  Mathilda: 
Doha  Ysabel,   25,  842 
Romance   of   the    First    Consul,   A, 
25,  841 

Malvern   Chase,  25,  851 

Mamzelle  Fifine,  25,  889 

Man  at  Odds,  The,  25,  868 

Man    from    Texas:    a    Western    Ro- 
mance, The,  25,  898 

Man  in  Black,  The,  25,  837 

Man  of  His  Age,  A,  25,  836 

Man  of  the  People,  A,  25,  843 

Manasseh,  25,  830,  882 

Man-at-Arms,  A,  25,  828 

Man-at-Arms,    The,    25,    836 

Manatt,     J.     Irving,     and     Tsountas, 
Chrestas: 
Mycenean  Age,  2,  559 

Manchester  Man,  The,  25,  866 

Manchuria:  Its  People,  Resources  and 
Recent  History,  6,  326 

Mann,  J.  S.,  and  Traill,  H.  D.: 
Social   England,   II,  649 

Mann,  Millicent  E.: 

Margot,     the     Court     Shoemaker's 
Child,  25,  838 

Manners  and  Customs  of  Ancient  Ire- 
land, 12,  381 

Manners  and  Customs  of  the  Ancient 

Egyptians,  The,  1,  434 
.Manners,  Customs,  etc.,  of  the  Amer- 
ican  Indians,   24,    1107 

Manning,  Anne: 

Cherry  and  Violet,  25,  858 
Claude  the   Colporteur,   25,  884 
Colloquies     of     Edward     Osborne, 

The,  25,  851 
Commentaries    of    Ser    Pantaleone, 

25,  829 
Deborah's   Diary,   25,  858 
Diana's   Crescent,   25,  864 
Household    of    Sir    Thomas    More, 

The,  25,  851 
Jacques    Bonneval,   25,   838 
Maiden  and    Married   Life  of  Mary 
Powell,   The,    25,   856 


Noble  Purpose  Nobly  Won,  A,  25, 

835 
Passages  in  the   Life  of  the   Faire 
Gospeller,  Anne  Askew,  25,  852 
Man's  Fear,  A,  25,  880 
Man's  Foes,  A,  25,  869 
Mansfield,  C.  D.: 

General  Winfield   Scott,   24,    11 13 
Mantle  of  Elijah,  The,  25,  867 
Manual   of   Egyptian   Archaeology,   1, 

433 
Manual  of  Roman  Antiquities,  3,  402 
Many   Ways   of  Love,  25,   878 
Manzoni,  Alessandro: 

Betrothed,  The,  25,  829 
Maori  and  Settler,  25,  888 
Map   of   Africa  by   Treaty,    The,    19, 

322 
Maps,    Illustrating     Early    Discovery 

and   Exploration  in  America,   1502- 

1530,  21,  358 
March  on   London,  A,  25,   850 
Marchioness  of  Brinvilliers,  The,  25, 

838 
Marcks,  E.: 

Germany   and    England:   Their   Re- 
lations   in    the    Great    Crises    of 
European  History,  1500-1900,  18, 
458 
Marco  Visconti,  25,  828 
Marcus,  the  Young  Centurion,  25,  825 
Margery,  a  Tale  of  Old  Nuremberg, 

25,  883 
Margherita   Pusterla,   25,   828 
Margot,  the  Court  Shoemaker's  Child, 

25,  838 
Marguerite  de  Roberval,  25,  836,  886 
Marguerite  de  Valois,  25,  836 
Margueritte,  Paul  and  Victor: 

Commune,  The,  25,  844 

Disaster,  The,  25,  844 
Maria,  de: 

Bosquejo    historico    de    Venezuela, 
21,  360 
Mariana,  J.  de: 

Historia  General  de  Espaha,  8,  548 
Marie   de   Mancini,  25,  837 
Marie  of  Lichtenstein,   25,  883 
Marietta,   25,    828 
Marius  the  Epicurean,  25,  826 
Markham,  Sir  Clement  Robert: 

Fighting  Veres,  The,   13,   598 


996 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


History   of    Persia,    5,   401 

Life   of  Christopher   Columbus,   24, 

1 107 
Paladins   of   Edwin   the    Great,   25, 

845 
Marlani,  M.  de: 

Histoire     Politique     de     l'Espagne 
Moderne,  suivie  d'un   Aper<;u   sur 
les   Finances,   8,  548 
Marquis,  T.  G.: 

Marquerite    de    Roberval,    25,    836, 
886 
Marriage,  Caroline: 

Luck  of  Barerakes,  The,  25,  864 
Marriott,  J.  A.  R.: 

Makers  of  Modern  Italy,  4,  422 
Marryat,  Mrs.  F.  T.: 

Romance   of  the   Lady   Arbell,    25, 

854 
Marryat,   Frederick: 

Children   of  the   New    Forest,   The, 

25,  856 
King's  Own,  The,  25,  864 
Snarleyyow;    or,    The    Dog    Fiend, 
25,  860 
Marsena  and  other  Stories,  25,  898 
Marsh,  Anne: 

Father  Darcy,  25,  854 
Marsh,  John  B.: 

For   Liberty's    Sake,   25,   860 
Life     and     Adventures     of     Robin 
Hood,  The,   25,  848 
Marshall,  Beatrice: 

His  Most  Dear  Ladye,  25,  853 
Old  Blackfriars,  25,  855 
Siege  of  York,  The,  25,  855 
Marshall,  Emma: 

Bristol   Diamonds,   25,  864 

By  the  North  Sea,  25,  860 

Castle   Meadow,   25,  864 

Haunt  of  Ancient  Peace,  A,  25,  856 

In  Colston's  Days:  a  Story  of  Old 

Bristol,   25,   856 
In  Four  Reigns,  25,  866 
In    the    Service    of    Rachael,    Lady 

Russell,  25,  858 
In  Westminster  Choir,  25,  858 
Kensington  Palace,  25,  860 
No.    XIII;    or,    The    Story    of   the 

Lost  Vestal,  25,  845 
On    the    Banks    of    the    Ouse,    25, 

863 
Penshurst    Castle,    25,   853 


Under  Salisbury  Spire,  25,  854 
Under  the  Dome  of  St.  Paul's,  25, 

861 
Under  the   Mendips,   25,  867 
White    King's    Daughter,   The,    25, 

857 
Winchester   Meads,  25,  859 
Winifrede's   Journal,   25,  854 
Young  Queen  of   Hearts,  The,  25, 

854 
Marshman,  J.  C: 

History  of  India  from  the   Earliest 
Period  to  the  Close  of  Lord  Dal- 
housie's  Administration,   5,  393 
Martin,  Ewan: 

Dauntless,  25,  855,  869 
Martin,  R.  M.: 

British  Colonies,  their  History,  Ex- 
tent,   Conditions    and    Resources, 

5,  395 
Indian  Empire,  5,  395 
Martin,  William  Alexander  Parsons: 
Chinese,     The:     Their     Education, 

Philosophy,  and  Letters,  6,  327 
Cycle  of  Cathay,  6,  328 
Lore  of  Cathay,  The,  6,  327 
Report    of    the    System    of    Public 

Instruction  in   China,   6,   328 
Siege  of  Peking,  6,  326 
Martineau,  Harriet: 

History     of     England     during     the 

Thirty  Years'  Peace,  A,  11,  647 
History   of   England   from   the    Be- 
ginning of  the   XIX.    Century   to 
the  Crimean  War,  24,  1106 
Hour  and  the  Man,  The,  25,  889 
Settlers  at  Home,  The,  25,  856 
Society   in   America,   24,    11 12 
Marvin,  A.  P.: 

Life  and  Times  of  Cotton  Mather, 
24,  1 1 10 
Mary  Hamilton,  25,  872 
Mary  of   Burgundy,    25,   875 
Mary  of  Lorraine,  25,  872 
Mary  Paget,  25,  886 
Mary   Queen   of   Scots   and   Her   Ac- 
cusers,  12,  383 
Maryland  as  a  Proprietary  Province, 

24,  1 109 
Masni,  Theodore: 

L'Etat  Independent  du  Congo  a 
L'Exposition  de  Bruxelles-Terv- 
neren,  en  1897,  *9>  323 


AUTHORS   AND    TITLES 


997 


Mason,   Arthur   Edward   Woodley: 
Clementina,  25,  861,  879 
Courtship  of  Morrice  Buckler,  The, 

25,  859,  881 
Four   Feathers,   The,   25,  885 
Parson    Kelly,  25,   861 
Mason,  W.  B.: 
Hand-book  for  Travelers  in  Japan, 
7.  331 
Maspero,    Gaston    Camille    Charles: 
Manual    of    Egyptian    Archaeology, 

if  433 
Passing  of  the  Empires,  850-330  B. 
C,  1,  431 
Massacre   of    St.    Bartholomew,    The, 

9,  500 
Massey,   William   Nathaniel: 

History     of     England     during     the 
Reign  of  George  III,  xi,  648,  24, 
1 106 
Masson,  Davis: 

Life   of   John    Milton,    and    History 
of  His  Time,   ix,  648 
Master  Beggars,  The,  25,  876 
Master    Mosaic     Workers,     The,    25, 

829 
Master  of  Ballantrae,  The,  25,  874 
Master  of  Gray,  The,  25,  872 
Master    of    the    Strong    Hearts,    25, 

899 
Master  of  Warlock,  The,  25,    897 
Master  Skylark,  25,  854 
Masterpieces   of   Greek    Sculpture,   2, 

558 
Masters  of  the  World,  25,  826 
Matabeleland:   the  War  and  our  Po- 
sition in  South   Africa,   19,  321 
Mather,  Z. 

Wonderful  Story  of  Agnes  and  the 
White  Dove,  The:  a  Tradition  of 
Wales,  25,  868 
Mathers,  E.  P.: 
Zambesia:   England's  El-Dorado  in 
Africa,  19,  326 
Mathew,  Frank: 

Defender  of  the  Faith,  25,  851 
Love   of    Comrades,    The,    25,    855, 

869 
One  Queen  Triumphant,  25,  853,  872 
Royal  Sisters,  The,  25,  852 
Spanish   Wine,  The,  25,  868 
Wood   of   the    Brambles,    The,    25, 
870 


Mathews,  Shailer: 

French  Revolution,  The,  9,  498,  10, 
507 
Matthews,  Franklin: 

New-Born    Cuba,   The,    22,    518 
Matthews,  J.  W.: 

Inwadi  Yami,  19,  326 
Mauer,  Konrad: 

Island   von    seiner   ersten    Entdeck- 
ung     bis     zum     Untergange     des 
Freistaates,  16,  346 
Maurer,  S.  O.: 

Nordische   Altertumskunde,   16,  348 
Maurice,  C.  E.: 

Bohemia    from    the   Earliest   Times 
to  1620,  X7,  466 
Maurice  Mystery,  25,  892 
Maurice  Tiernay,  the  Soldier  of  For- 
tune, 25,  842,  870 
Mawkin  of  the  Flow,  The,  25,  871 
Max   Kromer,  25,  844 
Max  Thornton,  25,  886 
Maximilian   in  Mexico,  22,  517 
Maxwell,  Sir  Herbert  Eustace: 

Bruce,  12,  383 

Chevalier    of    the    Splendid    Crest, 
The,  25,  871 

Duke  of  Britain,  A,  25,  845,  871 
Maxwell,  W.  H.: 

Bivouac,  25,  865 

Life   of   Wellington,   19,   509 

Stories  of  Waterloo,  25,  866 
Maxwell,    Sir   William    Stirling: 

Don  John  of  Austria,   13,  598,   14, 

514 
May,  Sir  Thomas  Erskine: 

Constitutional    History   of    England 
since    the    Accession    of    George 
III,  11,  648 
Maya:   a   Story   of   Yucatan,   25,    889 
Mayer: 

Geschichte  Oesterreichs,  17,  465 
Oesterreichische  Geschichte  fur  das 
Volk,  17,  465 
Mayers,   William    Frederick: 

Treaties    Between    the    Empire    of 
China    and    Foreign    Powers,    6, 
326 
Mayes,  Edward: 

J.  Q.  C.  Lamar,  24,  n  14 
Mayo,  Isabella  Fyvie: 

Daughter    of    the    Klephts,    A,    25, 
825 


998 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Mazade,  Charles  de: 

L'Espagne    Moderne,    8,    548 
Mazeppa,  25,  877 
Mazzini,  Giuseppi: 

Life  and  Writings,  4,  422 
Mead,  William: 

Old  Churches,  Ministers,  and  Fam- 
ilies of  Virginia,  24,   1 109 
Meade,  B.  R.: 

Life  of  General  George  G.   Meade, 
24,  1 1 14 
Medhurst,  Walter   Henry: 

China:   Its  State  and  Prospects,   6, 

329 
Mediaeval  Garland,  A,  25,  834 
Mediaeval    Scotland    (1093-1513),    12, 

383 
Mediation    of    Ralph    Hardelot,    The, 

25,  850 
Meigs,  W.  M.: 

Growth    of    the     Constitution,    24, 
1 106 
Meinecke,  Gustav: 

Die    deutschen    Kolonien    in    Wort 
und  Bild,  19,  323,  20,  410 
Meinhold,  Wilhelm: 

Amber  Witch,  The,  25,  883 

Sidonia   the   Sorceress,   25,   883 
Meinsma,  J.  J.: 

Geschiedenis  van  de  Nederlandsche 
Post-Indische  Bezittingen,  5,  399 
Mellichampe,  25,  893 
Meltzer,  O.: 

Geschichte  der  Karthage,  I,  436 
Melville,  G.  J.  Whyte: 

Cerise,  25,  839 

Gladiators,  The,  25,  823,  826 

Holmby  House,  25,  856 

Interpreter,  The,  25,  867,  882 

Katerfelto,  25,  863 

Queen's   Maries,    The,   25,   872 

Sarchedon:    a    Tale    of    the    Great 
Queen,  25,  821 

Sister   Louise,    25,  838 
Member  for  Paris,  The,  25,  843 
Memoir       (Talleyrand-Perigord),      9, 

502,   10,  510 
Memoir     of     General     James     Ogle- 
thorpe, 24,  1 1 10 
Memoir  of  Roger  Williams,  24,  11 10 
Memoir  of  the  Life  of  John  Charles 

Fremont,  24,  n  13 


Memoir  of  the  Life  of  Richard  Henry 

Lee,  24,    mi 
Memoir  of  the  Services  of  the  Ben- 
gal Artillery,  5,   394 
Memoir  of  William  Penn,  24,  1110 
Memoire  Autobiografiche,  4,  421 
Memoires,   17,  467 
Memoires  sur  la  vie  privee   de  Dan- 
ton,  10,  508 
Memoirs    (Barras),    10,   508 
Memoirs    (Bonaparte),   10,   509 
Memoirs    (Eugene),   18,  457 
Memoirs    (Grant),   24,    11 14 
Memoirs    (Greville),    11,    647 
Memoirs    (Remusat),  9,  501 
Memoirs   (Sheridan),  24,   1114 
Memoirs    (Sully),   9,   502 
Memoirs,    1773-1815,    18,   458 
Memoirs   de   Napoleon   Bonaparte,  9, 

Soo 
Memoirs  of  a  Cavalier,  25,  893 
Memoirs  of  a  Physician,  25,  840 
Memoirs  of  Paul  Kruger,  Four  Times 
President  of  the  South  African  Re- 
public, 19,  323 
Memoirs  of  Spain  during  the  Reigns 
of  Philip  IV  and  Charles  II   (1621- 
1700),  8,  546 
Memoirs  of  the  American  Revolution 
so  Far  as  It  Related  to  North  and 
South    Carolina    and    Virginia,    24, 
1110 
Memoirs    of    the    Court,    Aristocracy 
and  Diplomacy  of  Austria,   18,  459 
Memoirs   of   the    House   of    Branden- 
burg  and    History   of   Prussia    dur- 
ing    Seventeenth     and     Eighteenth 
Centuries,  18,  458 
Memoirs    of   the    Kings   of   Spain   of 
the    House    of    Bourbon    from    the 
Accession  of  Philip  V  to  the  Death 
of  Charles  III  (1700-1788),  8,  546 
Memoirs    of    the    Operations    of    the 
British    Army   in    India    during   the 
Maratha  War,   1817-1819,  5,  395 
Memoirs  of  the  Reign  of  Louis  XIV 

and  the  Regency,  The,  9,  502 
Memorials     and     Correspondence    of 

Charles  J.    Fox,   10,  509 
Memories  du  Cardinal  Bernis,  17,  467 
Men    and    Measures   of   Half   a   Cen- 
tury, 24,  1 1 13 


AUTHORS   AND    TITLES 


999 


Men,    Mines   and    Animals    in    South 

Africa,  19,  325 
Men  of  the  Moss-Hags,  The,  25,  873 
Men,    Women,   and    Manners    in    Co- 
lonial Times,  24,   1109 
Menant,  Joachim: 

Les  langues  perdues  de  la  Perse  et 
de  l'Assyrie,   1,  435 
Mendes,  A.  Lopes: 

India   Portuguesa,   A,   8,   548 
Menendezy,  Pelayo: 

Historia  de  las   Ideas   Esteticas   en 
Espana,  8,  549 

La  Cienca  Espahola,  8,  549 
Meneval,  Baron: 

Napoleon  et  Marie  Louise,  10,  509 
Menotah,  25,  888 
Menzies,  Sutherland: 

Turkey,   Old   and   New,    14,   513 
Mercedes   of   Castile,   25,   833,   890 
Merchant  and  the  Friar,  The,  25,  849 
Merchant   of   Haarlem,   The,   25,   876 
Mercier,   Mrs.  Jerome: 

Romans  in   Britain,  The,  25,  845 
Meredith,  George: 

Farina,  25,   882 

Vittoria,  25,  830 
Merejkowski,  Dmitri: 

Death  of  the  Gods,  The,  25,  827 

Forerunner,  The,   25,   828 

Peter  and  Alexis,  25,  877 
Mereness,  N.  D.: 

Maryland    as    a    Proprietary    Prov- 
ince,  24,    1 109 
Merimee,  Prosper: 

Chronicle  of  the  Reign  of  Charles 
IX,  25,  836 
Merivale,  Charles: 

Fall  of  the   Roman   Republic,  The, 
3,  400 

General  History  of  Rome,  4,  420 

History  of  Romans  under  the  Em- 
pire, 3,  400 

Roman  Triumvirates,  The,  3,  400 
Merivale,  Herman: 

Lectures     on     Colonization     Deliv- 
ered before  the  University  of  Ox- 
ford   in    1839,    1840   and    1841,   20, 
398 
Merriam,  C.  E.: 

History  of  American  Political  The- 
ories, 24,  1 1 10 


Merriman,  Henry  Seton: 
Barlasch  of  the  Guard,  25,  842,  878 
Flotsam,   25,  832 
In   Kedar's   Tents,   25,  834 
Isle  of  Unrest,  The,   25,  843 
Last  Hope,   The,   25,  843 
Velvet  Glove,  The,  25,  834 
Vultures,  The,  25,  879 

Merry    Adventures    of    Robin    Hood, 
25,  848 

Merry-Mount,  25,  890 

Mervyn   Clitheroe,   25,   866 

Merwin,  Samuel: 

Road  to   Frontenac,  The,  25,  887 

Messerschmidt,  L.: 
Die  Hittiter,  I,  436 

Mets,  J.  A.: 

Naval   Heroes  of  Holland,   13,   598 

Metternich,  Prince: 

Memoirs,    1773-1815,    18,   458 
Nachgelassene   Papiere,  10,  509 
Oesterreichs     Theilnahme     an     den 
Befreiungskriegen,  17,  467 

Mexican   and    Central    American    An- 
tiquities, 22,  515 

Mexican   Civilization,  21,  357 

Mexican    Resources,    22,   517 

Mexico   al   traves    de   los    siglos,    22, 
517 

Mexico  and  the  Mexicans,  22,  516 

Mexico    and    the    United    States,    22, 
517 

Mexico  as  I  Saw  It,  22,  517 

Mexico    in    Transition,    22,    515 

Mexico   independiente,    1821-1855,   22, 
517 

Mexico:    Its    Progress   and    Commer- 
cial Possibilities,  22,  516 

Mexico:  Its  Social  Evolution,  22,  517 

Mexico:    Its    Trade,    Industries,    and 
Resources,  22,  516 

Mexico   To-day,   22,    515 

Mexico  under  Maximilian,  22,  516 

Mexico   Yesterday  and  To-day,   1876- 
1904,  22,  516 

Meyer,  Annie  Nathan: 

Robert  Annys,  Poor  Priest,  25,  849 

Meyer,  C.  F.: 

Der  Heilige,  25,  847 
Jurg  Jenatsch,  25,  877 

Meyer,  Edward: 

Aegyptische  Chronologie,  I,  433 


1000 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Die  Entstehung  der  Judenthums,  I, 

440 
Geschichte     des     alten     Aegyptens, 

I.  433 

Geschichte   des   Alterthums,   i,   431 
Meyrick,  F.: 

Church  in   Spain,  The,  8,   548 
Micah  Clarke,  25,  859 
Michelet,  Jules: 

History  of  the   French   Revolution, 
9,  498 
Middendorf,  E.  W.: 

Peru,    Beobachtungen    und    Studien 
liber    das    Land    und    seine    Be- 
wohner,  31,  360 
Middle  Kingdom,  6,  325 
Middle   Period,   The,  24,   1 112 
Middleton,  J.  H.: 

Remains  of  Ancient  Rome,  The,  3, 
402 
Midhat,  Ali  Haydar: 

Life  of  Midhat  Pasha,  14,  514 
Midshipman   Farragut,  25,   896 
Midshipman  Paulding,   25,  896 
Midshipman   Stuart,   25,   896 
'Midst  the  Wild  Carpathians,  25,  881 
Mignet,  F.  A.: 

French  Revolution,  The,  9,  498 
Mikado's   Empire,  7,  331 
Miles,  H.  H.: 

History   of   Canada   Under   French 
Regime,  24,  1107 
Militarism  and  Democracy,  20,  411 
Military    History    of    the    Civil    War, 

24,   1 1 13 

Military  History  of  the  Madras  En- 
gineers and  Pioneers  from  1743  up 
to  the  Present  Time,  5,  394 

Military  Operations  of  General  Beau- 
regard, 24,   1 1 14 

Mill,  J.: 

History  of  British   India,   5,   393 

Miller,  Thomas: 

Fair   Rosamond,  25,  847 
Royston   Gower;   or,   The   Days   of 
King  John,  25,  848 

Miller,  William: 

Balkans,   The,    14,   513 

Mills,  L.  H.,  and  Darmesteter,  James: 
Zend  Avesta,  The,  in  Sacred  Books 
of  the   East,   1,  437 

Mills  of  God,  The,  25,  895 


Milman,  H.  H.: 

History  of  the  Jews  from  the  Earli- 
est Period  to  the  Present  Time, 
1,  440 
Milne,  J.  Grafton: 

History    of    Egypt    under    Roman 
Rule,   1,   433 
Milner,  Sir  Alfred: 

England  in  Egypt,  11,  648,  19,  323 
Milyoukov,  Paul: 

Russia  and  its   Crisis,   15,  390 
Miner,  Charles: 

History  of  Wyoming,  24,  1109 
Miner,  Luella: 

Two  Heroes  of  Cathay,  6,  326 
Mines   of  Mexico,   The,   22,  517 
Minister's   Wooing,   The,   25,    895 
Minot,  G.  R.: 

Continuation  of  the  History  of  the 
Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay, 
1748-1765,  24,  1 108 
History  of  the  Insurrection  in 
Massachusetts  in  the  Year  of 
1786,  and  the  Rebellion  Conse- 
quent Thereon,  24,  mi 
Minto,  William: 

Mediation  of  Ralph  Hardelot,  The, 
35,  850 
Mirabeau,  9,  500 

Miriam    Cromwell,    Royalist,    25,    855 
Mischief  of  a  Glove,  The,  25,  853 
Mis'ess  Joy,  25,  866 
Misfortunes   of  Elphin,  The,  25,  868 
Miss  Angel,  25,  863 
Mission    Methods    in    Manchuria,    6, 

329 
Missionary    Travels    and    Researches 

in  South  Africa,  19,  326 
Mississippi   Basin,  The,   24,   11 12 
Mississippi  Bubble,  The,  25,  839,  892 
Mistress    Barbara    Cunliffe,   25,   867 
Mistress  Brent,  25,  890 
Mistress  Dorothy  Marvin,  25,  859 
Mistress   Spitfire,   25,  855 
Mitchell,  Silas  Weir: 

Adventures    of   Francois,    The,    25, 
841 

Hugh    Wynne,    Free    Quaker,    25, 

894 
Roland   Blake,  25,  898 
Mitford,  Bertram: 
Aletta,  25,  886 


AUTHORS    AND   TITLES 


1001 


Gun   Runner,  The,  25,  885 
Haviland's   Chum,  25,  885 
Induna's  Wife,  The,  25,  885 
King's   Assegai,    The,   25,   885 
Luck  of  Gerald  Ridgeley,  The,  25, 

885 
Romance  of  the   Cape   Frontier,  A, 

25,  885 
Sign  of  the  Spider,  The,  25,  885 
'Tween  Snow  and   Fire,  25,  885 
Word    of    the    Sorceress,    The,    25, 
885 

Mitford,  William: 

History  of  Greece,  2,  556 

Mito  Yashiki,  25,  833 

Mittelamerikanische  Reisen  und  Stu- 
dien  aus  den  Jahren   1888  bis   1900, 

22,  SI7 

Mile,  de  la  Seighiere,  25,  843 
Model    Republic,   The,   13,   599 
Modern  Germany,  18,  457 
Modern    Greece,   2,   557 
Modern   Italy,   4,  422 
Modern   Legionary,  A,  25,  844 
Modern  Spain,   1788-1898,  8,  547 
Moe,  J.,  and  Asbjornsen,  P.  C: 

Norse   Folke-og  Huldre-eventyr  og 
Folkesagn,  16,  347 
Moekler-Ferryman,  A.  F.: 

British    West   Africa,   its    Rise    and 
Progress,   19,  326 
Mogul     Emperors    of    Hindustan,    5, 

397 

Mohammedan  Dynasties;  Chronolog- 
ical and  Genaeological  Tables,  with 
Historical  Introductions,  The,  1, 
438,  8,  545 

Mohawks,  25,  862 

Mohun,  25,  899 

Moji-no-Shirube;  a  Practical  Intro- 
duction to  the  Study  of  the  Jap- 
anese Writing,  7,  333 

Molander,  Harold: 

Fortune-Hunter,    The,    25,    884 

Molesworth,   William    Nassau: 

History  of  England  from  the  Year 
1830  to  1874,  11,  648 

Moltke,  Helmuth  von: 

Franco-German   War   of    1870-1871, 
9,  501,  18,  458 

Molyneux : 

Case   of  Ireland,   12,  382 


Molyneux,  W.  C.  F.: 

Campaigning   in   South   Africa   and 
Egypt,  19,  326 
Mommsen,  Theodor: 

History  of  Rome,  3,  399,  4,  420 

Provinces  of  the  Roman  Empire,  3, 
402,   8,   548 

Romisches   Staatsrecht,  3,  402 
Monastery,  The,  25,  872 
Money,  J.  W.  B.: 

Java;   or    How   to    Manage   a    Col- 
ony:   Showing   a    Practical    Solu- 
tion  of   the    Questions    Now   Af- 
fecting  British   India,   20,  409 
Monk  of  Fife,  A,  25,  835 
Monnard,   Muller,  and   Vulliemin: 

Histoire  de  la  Suisse,  13,  599 
Monroe,  Forest: 

Maid  of  Montauks,  25,  891 
Monsier  Martin,  25,  861,  880 
Monsieur    de    Chauvelin's    Will,    25, 

840 
Monsieur  le  Capitaine  Douay,  25,  876 
Monstrelet: 

Chronicles,  9,  501 
Montcalm    and    Wolfe,    20,    408,    24, 

1 104 
Montefiore,  C.  G.: 

Lectures  on  the  Origin  and  Growth 

of  Religion  as  Illustrated  by  the 

Religion  of  the  Ancient  Hebrews, 

1,  440 

Monteiro,  M.,  and  MacMurdo,  M.  M.: 

History  of  Portugal,  8,  547 
Montelius,  Oscar: 

Civilization  of  Sweden  in  Heathen 
Times,  16,  346 
Montelius,  P.: 

Sveriges    Historia    fram    aldsta    Yid 
till  vara  Dagar,  16,  346- 
Montesquieu,  9,  499 
Montevideo    e    la    republica    del    Uru- 
guay, 21,  360 
Montezuma's  Daughter,  25,  889 
Montgomery,  K.  L.: 

Cardinal's    Pawn,   The,   25,   829 

Major  Weir,  25,  873 
Monuments  de  l'Egypte  et  de  la  Nu- 

bie,  1,  432 
Monuments   de  Ninive,   1,  434 
Monuments  of  Nineveh,   1,  434 
Moonfleet,  25,  863 


1002 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Moore,  C.  H.: 

Treason   of   Charles    Lee,   24,    11 11 
Moore,  Dorothea: 
Brown:  a  Story  of  Waterloo  Year, 
25,  866 
Moore,  Frank: 

Rebellion  Record,  The,  24,  11 13 
Songs   and    Ballads   of   the   Ameri- 
can Revolution,  24,   mi 
Moore,  Frank  Frankfort: 
Castle   Omeragh,  25,  869 
Fatal   Gift,  The,  25,  863 
Jessamy  Bride,  The,  25,  863 
Nell  Gwyn,  Comedian,  25,  858 
Nest  of  Linnets,  A,  25,  863 
Moore,  J.  E.  S.: 

Tanganyika   Problem,  The,  19,  326 
Moore,  John  Bassett: 

History  and  Digest  of  the  Interna- 
tional Arbitrations  to  which  the 
United  States  has  been  a  Party, 
24,  1 105 
Political  Relations  of  the  United 
States  with  the  Far  East,  20,  411 
Moore,  Thomas: 

Epicurean,   The,   25,   821 
Morel,  Edmund  D.: 

King  Leopold's  Rule  in  Africa,  19, 
326 
Morey,  William  C: 

Outlines   of   Greek   History,   2,   556 
Outlines   of   Roman   Law,   compris- 
ing its  History,  Growth  and  Gen- 
eral   Principles,   3,   402 
Morfill,  W.  R.: 

Story  of  the  Nations,  15,  390 
Morgan,  L.  H.: 

Ancient   Society,  24,   1107 
Morgan's   Men,  25,  894 
Morier,  James  Justinian: 

Adventures  of  Hajji  Baba  of  Ispa- 
han, 25,  822 
Morison,  T.: 

Imperial    Rule    in    India,    being    an 
Examination     of     the     Principles 
Proper  to  the  Government  of  De- 
pendencies, 5,  394 
Morley,  John: 

Burke,  11,  648,  24,  11 
Cromwell,  11,  648 

Diderot    and    the     Encyclopaedists, 
9,  498 


Life   of  W.   E.   Gladstone,   11,  648, 
24,  1 106 

Rousseau,  9,  498,  10,  508 

Voltaire,  9,  498,  10,  508 

Walpole,  11,  648 
Mormon  Prophet,  The,  25,  896 
Morris,  Gouverneur: 

Aladdin   O'Brien,   25,  897 

Diary  and  Letters,  9,  501,  10,  508 
Morris,  Henry  C: 

History   of    Colonization    from    the 
Earliest    Times    to    the    Present 
Day,  20,  399 
Morris,  J.: 

Japan  and  its  Trade,  7,  333 
Morris,  Robert,  24,  nil,  1113 
Morris,  W.  O'Connor: 

Campaign  of  1815,  The,  10,  509 

French    Revolution    and    the    First 
Empire,  The,  10,  507 

Hannibal,  3,  401 

Ireland,   1498-1868,   12,  381 

Napoleon,   10,  509 
Morris,  William: 

Dream  of  John  Ball,  The,  25,  850 
Morrison,  G.  E.: 

Austrian  in  China,  An,  6,  329 
Morse,  John  T.: 

Benjamin  Franklin,  24,  mi 

Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  24,  1114 

Life    of   John    Quincy    Adams,    24, 
1112 

Thomas  Jefferson,  24,  mi 
Morse-Stephens,  H.: 

Portugal,   8,  545 
Moscow,  25,  840,  878 
Moses,  Bernard: 

Establishment   of   Spanish    Rule   in 
America,  20,  401,  24,  1107 
Mosquera: 

Los  partidos  en   Colombia,  21,  360 
Mossbach: 

Bolivia,  21,  359 
Mosse: 

Dom   Pedro    II,   21,   360 
Mosses  from  an  Old  Manse,  25,  89.2 
Most  Famous  Loba,  The,  25,  834 
Motley,  John  Lothrop: 

Correspondence,  13,  598 

History  of  the  United  Netherlands, 
13,   598 

Life  of  John  of  Barneveld,  13,  598 


AUTHORS   AND    TITLES 


1003 


Merry-Mount,  25,  890 
Rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic,  13,  598 
Moule,  Arthur  Evans: 

New  China  and  Old,  6,  329 
Moulton,  Richard  Green: 

Ancient   Classical   Drama,   2,   558 
Moultrie,  William: 

Memoirs  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion   so    Far    as    it    Related    to 
North    and    South    Carolina,    and 
Virginia,  24,  11 10 
Mountain  Patriots,  The,  25,  877 
Mountaineering,    13,    599 
Movers,  Franz  Karl: 
Die    Phonizier,    1,   436 
Die    punischen    Texte    im    Pcenules 
des    Plautaus    kritisch    gewiirdigt 
und  erklart,  I,  436 
Phonizien,   in   Allg.    Encyclop.    von 

Ersch  und  Gruber,  1,  436 
Phonizische  Texte  erklart,  1,  436 
Mowry,  William  Augustus: 

Territorial    Growth    of    the    United 
States,  20,  411 
MS.  in  the  Red  Box,  The,  25,  854 
Muddock,  J.  E.: 

Basile   the    Jester,   25,   872 
In  the    King's   Favor,   25,   872 
Kate    Cameron   of    Brux,   25,   871 
Sweet    Dol    of    Haddon    Hall,    25, 

•853 
Mueller,  Wilhelm: 

Political   History   of   Recent   Times 
(1816-1875),    with    Special    Refer- 
ence to  Germany,  18,  458 
Miihlbach,  Louise: 

Andreas   Hofer,  25,  882 
Berlin  and   Sans   Souci,   25,  884 
Henry    VIII     and    his    Court:    or, 
Catherine  Parr,  25,   852 
Miihlbrecht: 

Wegweiser  durch  die  neuere  Liter- 
atur   der    Rechts-    und    Staatswis- 
sens  Chaften,  17,  465 
Muhlenberg,  H.  A.: 

Life  of  Major  General  John  Muhl- 
enberg, 24,  mi 
Muir,  John: 

Original  Sanskrit  Texts  on  the 
Origin  and  History  of  the  Peo- 
ple of  India,  their  Religion  and 
Institutions,  5,  399 


Muir,  Sir  William: 

Caliphate,    its    Rise,    Decline,    and 

Fall,  The,  1,  438 
Life   of   Mahomet   and    History   of 
Islam,  1,  438 
Muir  head,  J.: 
Historical  Introduction  to  the  Pri- 
vate Law  of  Rome,  3,  402 
Mulford,  I.  A.: 

Civil  and  Political  History  of  New 
Jersey,  A,  24,  1109 
Muller,  August: 
Der  Islam  in  Morgen-  und  Abend- 
land,  1,  438,  5,  393 
Muller,  F.  Max: 

History    of    Ancient    Sanskrit    Lit- 
erature, 5,  399 
Lecture  on  the  Origin  and  Growth 
of  Religion  as  illustrated  by  the 
Religion  of  India,  5,  399 
Muller,  Monnard,  and  Vulliemin: 
Histoire  de  la  Suisse,   13,   599 
Muller,  S.  O.: 

Norges  Land  og  Folk,  16,   348 
Mullins,  J.  W.: 

Wonderful    Story    of    Uganda,    19, 

323 
Mummy:    Chapters   on   Egyptian   Fu- 
neral   Archaeology,    The,    1,   432 
Munch,  P.  A.: 

Det     Norske     Folks     Historie,     16, 
346 
Mundt,    Mrs.    C.   M.:    see    Miihlbach, 

Louise 
Munro,  Neil: 

Children  of  Tempest,  25,  875 
Gilian    the    Dreamer,    25,    875 
John  Splendid,  25,  856,  873 
Lost     Pibroch,     The,     and     other 

Shieling    Stories,    25,    872 
Shoes  of   Fortune,  The,  25,  874 
Munroe,  Kirk: 

At  War  with  Pontiac,  25,  892 
Flamingo  Feather,  The,  25,  890 
Longfeather    the    Peacemaker,    25, 

890 
Midshipman  Stuart,  25,  896 
Through    Swamp    and    Glade,    25, 

896 
White  Conquerors  of  Mexico,  The, 

25,  889 
With   Crockett  and   Bowie,  25,  896 


1004 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Muratori,  L.  A.: 

Annali   d'ltalia,  4,   420 
Murdock,  Harold: 

Reconstruction  of  Europe,  The,  18, 
458 
Murdock,  James,  and  Yamagata,  Isoh: 

History  of  Japan  during  the   Cen- 
tury    of     Early     Foreign     Inter- 
course, 7,  332 
Miirdter,    F.,    and    Delitzsch,    Fried- 
rich: 

Geschichte  Babyloniens  und  Assyr- 
iens,  1,  435 
Murray,  A.  £.: 

Commercial       Relations       between 
England  and  Ireland,  12,  381 
Murray,  David: 

Japan,  7,  332 
Murray,   David    Christie,   and   Henry 

Herman: 

One  Traveller   Returns,  25,  844 
Murray,  E.  C.  Grenville: 

Member  for   Paris,  The,   25,   843 
Murray,  R.  W.: 

South   Africa   from   Arab    Domina- 
tion to  British  Rule,  19,  323 
Musgrave,  George  Clarke: 

In    South    Africa    with    Buller,    19, 
323 
Musick,  John  R.: 

Columbia,  25,  890 
Musson,  G.  P.,  and  Roxburgh,  T.  L.: 

Hand-Book  of  Jamaica,  22,  518 
Musters,  Mrs.  Chaworth: 

Cavalier  Stronghold,  A,  25,  856 
Mutineer,  The,  25,  888 
My     Dark     Companions     and     their 

Strange   Stories,   19,   327 
My  Friend  Anne,  25,  851 
My  Lady  Joanna,  25,  849 
My  Lady  Laughter,  25,  893 
My  Lady  of  Orange,  25,  876 
My  Lady  of  the  Bass,  25,  859 
My  Lady  of  the  North,  25,  899 
My  Lady  Pokahontas,  25,  892 
My  Lady  Rotha,  25,  893 
My  Lord  Winchenden,  25,  858 
My  Lords  of  Strogue,  25,  870 
My  Mistress  the  Queen,  25,  859 
My  Own  Story,  24,  11 14 
My  Wanderings  in   Persia,   5,  401 
Mycenaean  Civilization,  2,  558 
Mycenean  Age,  The,  2,  559 


Mysteries  of  Marseilles,  The,  25,  843 
Myth  and  Religion,  19,  326 
Myths  and  Languages,  22,  515 
Myths  of  Greece  and  Rome,  2,  558 


N 


Nachgelassene   Papiere,   10,   509 
Nama,  Mustapha: 

Annals,  1591-1659,  14,  514 
Nameless    Castle,   The,    25,   882 
Nameless  Nobleman,  A,  25,  891 
Nancy   Stair,   25,  875 
Nansen,  Fridtjof: 

Norway  and  the  Union  with   Swe- 
den, 16,  346 
Naomi,  25,  823 
Napier,  Mrs.  Alexander: 

Memoirs,    1773-1815,    18,    458 
Napier,  Sir  Charles: 

William   the    Conqueror,   25,   846 
Napier,  Sir  William  Francis  Patrick: 

History    of   War    in    the    Peninsula 
and  the  South  of  France,  8,  548, 
10,  509 
Napoleon   (Morris),  10,  509 
Napoleon  (Rose),  9,  499 
Napoleon  and  English  Commerce,  10, 

509 
Napoleon  at  St.  Domingo,  10,  508 
Napoleon     Bonaparte's     First     Cam- 
paign, 10,  510 
Napoleon  et  Marie  Louise,  10,  509 
Napoleon  the  First,  9,  497,  10,  509 
Napoleon,  tne  First  Phase,  10,  510 
Napoleon,  the  Last  Phase,  9,  499 
Napoleon      III,      Emperor      of     the 
French : 

History  of  Julius  Caesar,  3,  401 
Napoleon's   Addresses,   9,   502 
Napoleon's    Invasion    of    Russia,    10, 

509 
Napoleon's   letters   to   Josephine,    10, 

508 
Napoleon's   Love   Story,   25,  842,  879 
Napoleon's  Plans  for  a  Colonial  Sys- 
tem,  10,   510 
Napp: 

Die  argentinische  Republik  Buenos- 
Ayres,  31,  359 
Narcissus,  25,  824 
Narration  of  the   Campaign   in   India 


AUTHORS   AND    TITLES 


1005 


which    terminated    the     War    with 

Tippoo  Sultan  in  1792,  5,  397 
Narrative     and     Critical     History     of 

America,  31,  358,  24,  1103,   1105 
Narrative    of    an    Expedition    to    the 

Zambesi    and    its     Tributaries,     19, 

326 
Narrative  of  Further  Excavations  at 

Zimbabje,  19,  327 
Narrative  of  Hernando  de   Soto,   24, 

1 107 
Narrative   of   the   Siege   and   Capture 

of  Bhurtfore,  5,  396 
Narrative  of  the  Transactions  in  Ben- 
gal from  1760-1764,  5,  400 
Natalia,  19,  322 
Native  Races  of  the  Pacific  States  of 

North    America,    The,    22,    515,    24, 

1 107 
Naturalist  in  Nicaragua,  The,  22,  515 
Nature  and  Man  in  America,  24,  1107 
Naval  Heroes  of  Holland,  13,  598 
Naval  War  of  1812,  The,  24,  11 12 
Navigation  Laws,  24,   I  no 
Naylor,  James  Ball: 

Sign  of  the  Prophet,  The,  25,  896 
Neaera,  25,  825 
Neal,  Daniel: 

History  of  the  Puritans,  24,  1109 
Neale,  J.  M.: 

Egyptian   Wanderers,   The,   25,  827 

Theodora  Phranza,  25,  879 
Near  the  Tsar,  near  Death,  25,  878 
'Neath   the    Hoof  of  the   Tartar,   25, 

881 
Ned    Leger,   25,   862 
Needham,  J.  G.: 

War   on   the   Rhine   Frontier,   The, 
18,  458 
Negotiations  of  Sir  Thomas  Roe,  14, 

515 
Negotiations  Preceding  the  Peace  of 

Luneville,  The,  10,  509 
Negro  in  Maryland,  The,  24,  n  12 
Negroes  and  Negro  Slavery,  24,  n  12 
Neill,  Edward  Duffield: 

Founders    of   Maryland,   24,    1 109 

History   of  the   Virginia   Company, 
of  London,  24,   1109 
Neill,  James  George   Smith: 

Historical    Record    of    the    Madras 
European  Regiment,  5,  394 


Neilsen,  Yngvar: 

Norges  Histoire  efter  1814,  16,  346 
Nell  Gwyn,  Comedian,  25,  858 
Nelson,  J.  H.: 

View  of  the  Hindu  Law  as  admin- 
istered   by    the    High    Court    of 
Judicature  at  Madras,  5,  399 
Nero,  25,  826 
Nessa,  25,  869 
Nest  of  Linnets,  A,  25,  863 
Neue     Bilder     aus     dem     Leben     des 

deutschen   Volkes,   18,  457 
New  Account  of  the   East  Indies,  5, 

397 
New  Border  Tales,  The,  25,  873 
New-Born   Cuba,  The,  22,  518 
New   Brazil:    Its    Resources   and   At- 
tractions,     Historical,     Descriptive, 
and   Industrial,  The,   21,  360 
New   Canterbury  Tales,  25,  849 
New    Chapters   in    Greek    History,    2, 

558 
New  China  and  Old,  6,  329 
New  England   Cactus,  A,  25,  890 
New  Era  in  Old  Mexico,  22,  516 
New    History    of    Painting    in    Italy, 
from   the   Second   to   the   Sixteenth 
Centuries,  A,  4,  421 
New  Landlord,  The,  25,  882 
New  Letters  of  Napoleon  I,  9,  501 
New  Light  on   Dark  Africa,   19,  323 
New   South,   The,   24,   1113,    1114 
New  World,  The,  21,  358 
New  York  (Roberts),  24,  1109 
New  York  (Roosevelt),  24,  1109 
Newbolt,  Henry: 

Taken  from  the  Enemy,  25,  866 
Newcomen,  George: 

Left-handed  Swordsman,  A,  25,  869 
Newest  England:  Notes  of  a  Demo- 
cratic   Traveller    in    New    Zealand, 
with  Some  Australian  Comparisons, 
20,  406 
Nicaragua  Canal  and  the  Monroe  Doc- 
trine, The,  24,   1 106 
Nicholas  I,  Life  and  Reign,  15,  389 
Nichols,  Francis  H.: 

Through   Hidden   Shensi,   6,  329 
Nichols,  T.  L.: 

Forty  Years  of  American  Life,  24, 
1112 
Nick  o'   the   Woods,    25,   895 


1006 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Nicolay,  John  George,  and  Hay,  John: 

Life  of  Lincoln,  24,  11 12,  11 14 
Nicole,  25,  841 
Niebuhr,  Barthold  George: 

History  of  Rome,  3,  399 
Niebuhr,  Carstens: 

Geschichte  der  Hebraischen  Zeital- 
ters,  1,  440 
Nigger    of    the    Narcissus,    The,    25, 

867 
Nights,  Signors  of  the,  25,  829 
Ninety-Three,  25,  840 
Nineveh  and  Babylon,  1,  434 
Nineveh  and  its  Remains,  1,  434 
Nippur,  or  Explorations   and  Adven- 
tures, 1,  43s 
Nitobe,  I.: 

Bushido,  7,  332 

Intercourse     between     the     United 
States  and  Japan,  7,  332 
Nixon,  O.  W.: 

How  Marcus  Whitman  Saved  Ore- 
gon, 24,  1 1 12 
No  Cross,  No  Crown,  25,  872 
"No.   101,"  25,  839 
No  Soul  Above  Money,  25,  861 
No  Surrender,  25,  840 
No.  XIII;  or  The  Story  of  the  Lost 

Vestal,  25,  845 
Noble,  F.  P.: 

Redemption  of  Africa,  19,  326 
Noble   Purpose    Nobly   Won,   A,    25, 

835 
Noble  Queen,  A,  25,  830 
Noble  Wife,  A,  25,  852 
Noel,  J.  V.: 

History  of  the   Second   Pan-Amer- 
ican Congress,  22,  516 
Noeldechen,  Wilhelm: 

Baron  and  Squire,  25,  883 
Noemi,  25,  835 
No  Id  eke,  Theodor: 

Das  Leben  Muhammeds,  1,  439 

Geschichte  der  Perser   und  Araber 
zur  der  Sassaniden,   1,  438 

Persia,     in     Encyclopaedia     Britan- 
nica,  1,  438 
Noll,  A.  H.: 

From  Empire  to  Republic,  22,  516 

Short  History  of  Mexico,  22,  516 
Nora  Lester,  25,  886 
Norah    Moriaty;     or    Revelations    of 

Modern  Irish  Life,  25,  871 


Nordenskjold,  N.  O.  G.: 

Cliff  Dwellers  of  the  Mesa  Verde, 
Southwest  Colorado,  24,  1107 
Nordische  Altertumskunde,  16,  348 
Nordhoff,  Charles: 

Cotton  States  in  1875,  The,  24,  11 14 
Nordlund,  Karl: 

Swedish    Norwegian    Union    Crisis, 
a    History   with    Documents,    16, 
346 
Norges    Historie   efter    1814,    16,   346 
Norges  Kongesagaer,  16,  349 
Norges  Land  og  Folk,  16,  348 
Norman,  Charles  Boswell: 

Armenia  and  the  Campaign  of  1877, 

M,  514 

Colonial  France,  20,  408 
Norman,  H.: 

All   the    Russians,    15,   389 
Normanby,  Marquis  of: 

Year    of   Revolution   from   a   Jour- 
nal  Kept  in  Paris  in   1848,  A,  9, 
SOI 
Norse    Folke-og    Huldre-eventyr    og 

Folkesagn,  16,  347 
Norse   Mythology,   16,   347 
Norsemen  in  the  West,  The,  25,  88o, 

890 
North   Americans  of  Antiquity,   The, 

22,  517 
North    Americans    of   Yesterday,    21, 

357,  24,  1 107 
North    Carolina,    24,    1109 
Northern  Mythology,  comprising  the 

Principal    Popular    Traditions    and 

Superstitions  of  Scandinavia,  North 

Germany  and  the  Netherlands,   16, 

349 

Northern   Runic   Monuments,   16,  349 

Norway,  George: 

Duance  Pendray,  25,  861 
Prisoner  of  War,  A,  25,  842 
Willoughby  Manor,  25,  853 

Norway,  16,  348 

Norway  and   Its   Glaciers,   16,  348 

Norway  and  the  Union  with  Swe- 
den, 16,  346 

Norway:  Its  Fjords,  Fjelds  and 
Fasses,  16,  348 

Norway:  Official  publication  in  Eng- 
lish, for  the  Paris  Exposition,  16, 
348 

Norwegian    Byways,    16,   349 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1007 


Norwegian    Ramble,    16,   349 

Not   for    Crown    or    Sceptre,    25,    880 

Noticias  secretas  de  America,  20,  402 

Notre-Dame,   25,  835 

Nouvelle    geograpie    Universelle,    17, 

466 
Nowack,   Wilhelm: 

Lehrbuch  der  hebraischen  Archaol- 
cgic,   I,  440 
Nullification   and   Secession,   24,    1106 
Numbers  and  Losses,  24,   11 13 
Nursery    Tales,    Traditions    and    His- 
tories of  Zulus,  19,  325 
Nystrom,  J.  Francis: 

Handbok    i    Sveriges    Geografi,    16, 

348 
Norway,  16,  348 


O'Brien,   Barry: 

Ireland,    12,   381 

Fifty  Years  of  Concessions  to  Ire- 
land, 12,  382 
O'Brien,  Dean: 

D'Altons  of  Crag,  The,  25,  870 
O'Brien,  William: 

Queen  of  Men,  A,  25,  869 

When   We  were    Boys,    25,   871 
O 'Curry,  Eugene: 

Manners   and    Customs   of   Ancient 
Ireland,  12,  381 
O'Donoghue,  The,  25,  870 
O 'Donovan,  John: 

Annals  of  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland, 
12,  381 
O 'Grady,  Standish: 

Coming  of  Cuculain,  25,  868 

In   the   Wake   of   King   James,   25, 
869 

Ulrick  the    Ready,  25,   869 

Red   Hugh's   Captivity,  25,  869 
O   Brasil   e   as   colonias   portuguezas, 

8,  548 
Oakfield,  25,  831 
Ober,  Frederick  Albion: 

Hernando     Cortes,     Conqueror     of 
Mexico,  22,  517 

Mexican    Resources,   22,    517 

Travels  in  Mexico,  22,  517 
Oberholtzer,  E.  P.: 

Robert  Morris,   24,   I  ill,   11 13 
Obras  Completas,  22,  517 


Ocean   Free-Lance,  An,  25,  866 
Ockley,   Simon: 

History  of  the  Saracens,  1,  439 
Odysseus: 

Turkey  in   Europe,  14,  515 
Oesterreich  unter  Maria  Theresa,  Jo- 
seph II,  und  Leopold  II,  17,  466 
Oesterreich  von  Vilagos  bis  zur   Ge- 

genwart,  17,  467 
Oesterreichische    Geschichte    fur    das 

Volk,  17,  465 
Oesterreichs  Theilnahme  en  den  Be- 

freiungskriegen,  17,  467 
Ogg,  F.  A.: 

Opening     of    the     Mississippi,     24, 
1112 
Ohnefalsch-Richter,  Max: 

Kypros,    die    Bibel    und    Homer,    1, 

437 
Okakura,  K.: 

Soul  of  the  East,  7,  332 
Olaf  the  Glorious,  25,  880 
Olasgoaca,  Manuel: 

La  Conquete  de  la  Pampa,  21,  359 
Old   Blackfriars,  25,  855 
Old  Boston,  25,  893 
Old    Churches,    Ministers    and    Fam- 
ilies of  Virginia,  24,  1109 
Old  Court  Life  in  Spain,  8,  546 
Old  Creole  Days,  25,  896 
Old   Dominion,  The,   25,  891,  896 
Old  English  Baron,  The,  25,  850 
Old  Greek  Education,  2,  558 
Old  Greek  Life,  2,  558 
Old  Judge,  The,  25,  887 
Old   Kaskaskia,  25,  887 
Old   Margaret,  25,  875 
Old  Missionary,  The,  25,  831 
Old  Mortality,  25,  873 
Old     Norse     Fairy     Tales,     gathered 

from  the  Swedish   Folk,  16,  349 
Old   Northwest,   The,   24,    1105 
Old  Regime  in  Canada,  The,  20,  408, 

24,  1 107 
Old  St.  Paul's,  25,  858 
Old  Squire:  the  Romance  of  a  Black 

Virginian,   25,  898 
Old  South,  The,  24,   11 12 
Old  Testament  in  the  Jewish  Church, 

The,  1,  441 
Old  Times  in  the  Colonies,  24,   1109 
Old  Trails  on  the  Niagara   Frontier, 

24,  1 109 


1008 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Old  Virginia  and  Her  Neighbors,  24, 

1 109 
Oldest    Civilization    of    Greece,    The, 

2,  558 
Oldfield,  25,  897 
Oldham,  Henry: 

Man  'from  Texas,  The,  25,  898 
Oldmixon,  John: 

British  Empire  in  America,  24,  1108 
Oldtown   Folks,  25,  895 
Oliphant,  Margaret  O.: 

Magdalen  Hepburn,  25,  872 
Oliver    Ellis;    or,    The    Fusiliers,    25, 

864 
Oliveria-Martins,  J.  P.: 

Historia  de   Portugal,  8,   545 

O  Brasil  e  as  colonias  portuguezas, 
8,548 

Portugal   Contemporanes,   8,  548 

Portugal  em  Africa,  8,  548 
Olmsted,  Frederick  Law: 

Journey     in     the     Seaboard     Slave 
States,  24,   1 1 12 
Olympe  de  Cleves,  25,  839 
Oman,  Charles  William  Chadwick: 

Art  of  War  in  the  Middle  Ages,  11, 
648 

History  of  the  Peninsular  War,  10, 

509 
Seven    Roman     Statesmen    of    the 
Later   Republic,  3,  401 
Oman,  E.  K.: 

Industrial    History    of    the    United 
States,  24,   1 1 10 
Oman,  J.  C: 

Great    India    Epics,   the    Stories   of 
Ramayana  and  the  Mahabharata, 

5,  399 
Omar  the  Tentmaker,  25,  822 
Omitted    Chapters    of    History    Dis- 
closed  in   the    Life   and    Papers   of 
Edmund  Randolph,  24,  11 13 
On  Both  Sides  of  the  Sea,  25,  856 
On   Guard   Against   Tory  and   Tarle- 

ton,  25,  894 
On  Peter's  Island,  25,  878 
On  the  Banks  of  the  Ouse,  25,  863 
On  the  Edge  of  the  Storm,  25,  841 
On  the  Face  of  the  Waters,  25,  832 
On   the   Frontier   with   St.    Clair,   25, 

895 
On  the  Irrawaddy,  25,  831 
On  the    Red    Staircase,    25,   877 


On  the  Social  Organization  and 
Mode  of  Government  of  the  An- 
cient   Mexicans,    22,    515 

On  the  Trail  of  Don  Quixote,  8,  550 

On  the  Wing  of  Occasions,  25,  898 

One  in  a  Thousand,  25,  837 

One  of  the  Fighting  Scouts:  a  Tale 
of  Guerilla  Warfare  in  South  Af- 
rica, 25,  886 

One  of  the  Six  Hundred,  25,  867 

One  of  the  28th,  25,  866 

One  Queen  Triumphant,  25,  853,  872 

One   Traveller  Returns,  25,  844 

Onesimus,  Christ's  Freedman,  25, 
823 

Opening  of  the  Mississippi,  24,  1112 

Opinions  of  Eminent  Lawyers  on 
Various  Points  of  English  Juris- 
prudence, Chiefly  Concerning  the 
Colonies,  Fisheries  and  Commerce 
of  Great  Britain,  20,  404 

Oporto,   Old   and   New,   8,   550 

Opzoomer,  Miss: 

In  Troubled  Times,  25,  876 

Orange  and  Green,  25,  869 

Orange  Girl,  The,  25,  863 

Orangery,  The:  a  Comedy  of  Tears, 
25,   864 

Orcutt,  William  Dana: 
Robert   Cavalier,  25,  891 

Oregon,  the  Struggle  for  Possession, 
24,  1112 

Oregon  Trail,  The,  20,  408 

Oriental  Series,  7,  333 

Origin  and  Growth  of  English  Co- 
lonial  Policy,    11,  646 

Origin  and  Growth  of  the  English 
Colonies  and  of  their  System  of 
Government,  20,  404 

Origin  of  English  History,  11,  646 

Original  Sanskrit  Texts  on  the 
Origin  and  History  of  the  People 
of  India,  their  Religion  and  Insti- 
tutions, 5,  399 

Orissa,  5,  398 

Orme,  Robert: 

History  of  the  Military  Transac- 
tions of  the  British  Nation  in 
Indostan   from   the   year    1745,   5. 

399 
Ormsby,  R.  M.: 

History  of  the  Whig  Party,  24, 
1 106 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1009 


Ormuzd  et  Ahriman,  i,  437 
Orpen,  Mrs.: 

Corrageen,  25,  870 
Orr,   Mrs.  Alexander  Sutherland: 

Mountain  Patriots,  The,  25,  877 
Orsi,  P.: 

Modern  Italy,  4,  422 
Os  Lusiadas,  5,  396 
Osborne,  Duffield: 

Lion's  Brood,  The,  25,  825 
Osgood,  Herbert: 

American    Colonies    in    the    Seven- 
teenth Century,  24,  1108 
Ostiranische  Culture  in  Alterthum,  I, 

438 
Other   Man's    Country,   The:   An   Ap- 
peal to  Conscience,  20,  412 
Otis,  James: 

At  the  Siege  of  Quebec,  25,  893 

Boys  of  1745,  25,  887 

Cruise  of  the   Enterprise,  The,  25, 
895 

Island  Refuge,  An,  25,  891 
Otis,  James,  24,   1111 
Otterbourne,  25,  850 
Ottoman  Power  in  Europe,  The,  14, 

513 
Oud  en  Nieuw  Oost-Indien,  5,  400 
Our  Artie  Province,  24,  n  14 
Our    Burmese    Wars    and     Relations 

with   Burma,  being  an   Abstract  of 

Military    and    Political    Operations, 

1824-1826  and  1852-1853,  5,  398 
Our  Forefathers,  25,  882 
Our  Indian  Protectorate,  5,  395 
Our  Lady  of  Beauty,  25,  835 
Our  Lady  of  Darkness,  25,  841 
Our  Wild  Indians,  24,    1107 
Out  of  the  Cypress  Swamp,  25,  895 
Out  of  the   East,   7,   332 
Out  of  the  Sunset  Sea,  25,  890 
Out  with  Garibaldi,  25,  830 
Outhwaite,  R.  L.,  and  Chomley,  C.  H.: 

Wisdom  of  Esau,  The,  25,  888 
Outlaws    of    the    Marches,    The,    25, 

872 
Outline  of  the  History  of  the  Litera- 
ture of  the   Old  Testament,  An,   1, 

440 
Outlines  of  Greek  History,  2,  556 
Outlines  of  Greek  Philosophy,  2,  559 
Outlines  of  Roman    History,   3,  400 
Outlines    of    Roman    Law:    Compris- 


ing  its   History,    Growth   and    Gen- 
eral Principles,  3,  402 
Outlines  of  the  History  of  Art,  2,  558 
Outlines    of    the    Philosophy    of    the 

History   of   Man,    1,   431 
Outside  and  Overseas,  25,  888 
Over  the   Border,  25,  855 
Overbeck,  Johannes  Adolf: 

Geschichte    des    griechischen    Plas- 
tik,  2,  558 
Overland,  O.  A.: 

Illustreret  Norges  Historie,  16,  346 
Overland  to  China,  6,  328 
Overton,  Gwendolen: 

Heritage  of  Unrest,  The,  25,  899 
Oxcken,  W.: 

Das    Zeitalter    der    Revolution,    des 
Kaiserreichs  und  der  Befreiungs- 
Kriege,   17,  466 
Oxenham,  John: 

John  of  Gerisau,  25,  844,  884 

Under  the   Iron  Flail,  25,  844 
Oxley,  J.  Macdonald: 

Fife  and  Drum  at  Louisbourg,  25, 
887 


Pabo,  the  Priest,  25,  847,  868 

Pactolus   Prime,  897 

Paez: 

Autobiografia,  27,  360 
Page,  Thomas  Nelson: 

Among  the  Camps,  25,  898 

Old   South,  The,  24,   11 12 

Red  Rock,  25,  899 

Two  Little  Confederates,  25,  898 
Page  of  the  Duke  of  Savoy,  The,  25, 

836,   876 
Pages,  Leon: 

Bibliographic    japanaise,    depuis    le 
XVe  siecle  jusqua  1859,  7,  331 
Paget,   Sir  Arthur: 

Diplomatic  and   Other   Correspond- 
ence, 10,  509 
Pain,  Barry: 

Romantic   History  of  Robin  Hood, 
The,  25,  848 
Palace  of  Spies,  The,  25,  865 
Palacio,  Vincente  Riva: 

Mexico  al  traves  de  los  siglos,  22, 
517 
Palacky,  Francis: 

Geschichte  von  Bohmen,   17,  466 


1010 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Paladins  of  Edwin  the  Great,  The,  25, 

845 
Palfrey,  John  Gosham: 

History  of  New  England,  24,  1108 
Palgrave,  Sir  Francis  T.: 

Merchant   and  the    Friar,   The,  25, 

849 
Palgrave,  Mary  E.: 

Deb  Clavel,  25,  859 
Palgrave,  William  Gifford: 

Arabia,    in    Encyclopaedia    Britanni- 
ca,  1,  439 

Herman  Agha,  25,  822 
Palmer,  Edward  Henry: 

Tur'an,  The,  1,  439 
Palmer,  F.  H.  E.: 

Russian  Life  in  Town  and  Country, 

15,  389 

Palmer,  Frederick: 

Vagabond,  The,  25,  898 
Pan  Michael,  25,  878 
Pandurang    Hari,   25,  831 
Papers   from   a   Viceroy's   Yamen,   6, 

328 
Paradise,  The  Key  of,  25,  829 
Paris,  Louis   Philippe,   Comte  de: 

Military  History  of  the  Civil  War, 

24,  1113 
Parisians,  The,  25,  843 
Parker,  Edward  Harper: 

China:     Her     History,     Diplomacy 

and  Commerce,  6,  325 
China  Past  and  Present,  6,  325 
John  Chinaman,  6,  329 
Parker,  Sir  Gilbert: 

Battle  of  the  Strong,  The,  25,  841 

Ladder    of    Swords,    A:    a    tale    of 

Love,    Laughter    and    Tears,    25, 

853 
Pomp   of   the    Lavilettes,    The,   25, 

887 
Seats  of  the  Mighty,  25,  887 
Trail  of  the  Sword,  The,  25,  887 
Parker,  Theodore,  24,   11 13 
Parkes,  Sir  Henry: 

Fifty  Years  in  the  Making  of  Aus- 
tralian History,  20,  406 
Parkman,  Francis: 

California  and   Oregon  Trail,   The, 

20,  408,  24,  1 1 12 
Conspiracy  of  Pontiac,  20,  408,  24, 
1 107 


Count   Frontenac  and  New   France 

Under  Louis  XIV,  24,  1107 
Frontenac,  20,  408 
Half    Century    of    Conflict,    A,    20, 

408,  24,   1 104 
Jesuits  in   North  America,  20,  408, 

24,  1107 
La   Salle  and  the  Discovery  of  the 

Great  West,  20,  408,  24,  1107 
Montcalm  and  Wolfe,  20,  408,  24, 

1 104 
Old    Regime    in    Canada,    The,    20, 

408,  24,  1 107 
Pioneers    of    France    in    the    New 

World,  20,  408,  24,   1 104 
Struggle  for  a   Continent,  The,  20, 
409 
Parliamentary  Debates,  12,  382 
Parliamentary     Government     in     the 

British  Colonies,  20,  405 
Parmele,   Mary  Piatt: 

Short   History  of  Spain,  8,  546 
Parrish,  Randall: 

My    Lady    of    the    North,    25,    899 
Sword  of  the  Old  Frontier,  A,  25, 
892 
Parry,  E.  A.: 

England's  Elizabeth  —  Memories  of 
Matthew    Bedale,   25,   853 
Parson  Kelly,  25,  861 
Parsons,  William  Barclay: 

American    Engineer   in    China,   An, 
6,  329 
Partisan,  The,  25,  893 
Parton,  James: 

General    Butler    in    New    Orleans, 

24,  1 1 14 
Life  and  Times  of  Aaron  Burr,  24, 

1113 
Thomas  Jefferson,  24,  1111 

Partridge,  C. 

Cross  River  Natives,  19,  326 

Pasquier  fitienne  Denis: 

History  of  My  Time,   1789-1815,  9, 
501 

Passages    in    the    Life    of    the    Fa<re 
Gospeller,  Anne  Askew,  25,  852 

Passe  Rose,  25,  834,  882 

Passing  of  the  Empires,  850-330  B.  C, 
The,  1,  431 

Past  and   Present  of  Japanese   Com- 
merce, 7,  333 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1011 


Pater,  Walter: 

Gaston  de  Latour,  25,  836 
Greek   Studies,   2,   558 
Marius  the  Epicurean,  25,  826 
Paterson,  Arthur: 

Cromwell's   Own,  25,  855 
King's  Agent,  The,  25,  859 
Paterson,  Arthur   Henry: 

Son  of  the  Plains,  25,  899 
Paton,  Andrew  Archibald: 

History  of  the  Egyptian  Revolution 
from    the    Period    of   the    Mame- 
lukes  to  the  Death  of   Mehemet 
AH,  1,  433 
Patterson,  A.  J.: 

Magyars,    The;    their    Country    and 
its  Institutions,   17,   468 
Patterson,  Mary  B.: 

Historical     Memoirs     of    the     Em- 
peror  Alexander   I,    15,   389 
Patricia  at  the  Inn,  25,  857 
Patton,  James  Blythe: 

Eveshams,  The,  25,  863 
Paul,  a  Herald  of  the  Cross,  25,  823 
Paul     (V)    the    Pope,    and    Paul    the 

Friar,  25,   829 
Paul  of  Tarsus,  25,  823 
Paull,  Mary  Anna: 

My  Mistress  the  Queen,  25,  859 
Pausanias,  the  Spartan,  25,  824 
Paxon.  Frederic  Logan: 

Independence  of  the  South  Ameri- 
can Republics:  a  Study  in  Recog- 
nition   and     Foreign    Policy,    21 

359 
Payne,  A.: 

Glastonbury,  25,  846 
Payne,  E.  J.: 

History   of  America,  24,   1108 
Payson,  William  F.: 

John    Vytal:    a    Tale    of    the    Lost 
Colony,  25,  890 
Peacock,  Thomas  Love: 

Maid  Marian,  25,  847 

Misfortunes  of  Elphin,  The,  25,  868 
Peaks   and    Pines,    16,   348 
Pearce,  J.  H.: 

Esther  Pentreath,  25,  867 
Peard,  Frances  M.: 

White  Month,   The,  25,  844 
Pearl  Maiden,  25,  823 
Pears,  Edwin: 

Destruction    of    Greek    Empire    and 


the  Capture  of  Constantinople  by 
the  Turks,  14,  514,  24,  1106 

Pease,  Howard: 

Magnus  Sinclair,  25,  856 

Peel,  11,  649 

Pelham,  Henry  Francis: 

Outlines  of  Roman  History,  3,  400 

Pember,  A.: 

Ivan  the  Terrible,  15,  389 

Pemberton,  Max: 

Beatrice  of  Venice,  25,  829 
Garden  of  Swords,  The,  25,  844 
Hundred  Days,  The,  25,  843 
I  Crown  Thee  King,  25,  852 
Little  Huguenot,  The,  25,  839 
Puritan's  Wife,  The,  25,  858 
Signors  of  the  Night,  25,  829 

Pendower,  25,  852 

Pennsylvania  Line  in  the  Continental 
Army,  The,  24,  1111 

Penruddock  of  the  White  Lambs,  25, 

857 
Penshurst  Castle,  25,  853 
People  of  Finland  in  Archaic  Times, 

16,  348 
People  of  the  Long  House,  The,  24, 

1 107 
People  of  Turkey,  The,  14,  514 
Peple,  Edward: 

Broken  Rosary,  A,  25,  839 
Per  Aspera,  25,  821 
Peregrinus  Proteus,  25,  824 
Pereira,  Miss: 

Duke's  Page,  The,  25,  883 
Pericles,  25,  824 
Pericles  and  Aspasia,  25,  824 
Pericles     and     the     Golden     Age     of 

Athens,  2,  556 
Peril  of  the  Sword,  The,  25,  832 
Perkin  Warbeck,  25,  851 
Perkins,  James  Breck: 

France  Under  Louis  XV,  9,  498 

France  Under  Mazarin,  9,  498 

France  Under  the   Regency,  9,  498 

Richelieu      and      the      Growth      of 
French  Power,  9,  498 
Perley,  B.  P.: 

Reminiscences,  24,   1112 
Perlycross,   25,   867 
Perpetua,  25,  834 
Perronelle,    25,   835 
Perrott,  George,  and  Chipiez,  Charles: 

Histoire  de  l'Art,  2,  558 


1012 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


History   of   Art   in    Ancient    Egypt, 

I.  433 

History  of  Art  in  Chaldaea  and  As- 
syria, I,  435 
History  of  Art  in  Persia,  i,  438 
History  of  Art  in  Phoenicia  and  its 

Dependencies,  i,  436 
History  of  Art  in   Phrygia,    Lydia, 
Caria,  and  Lycia,  1,  437 
Perry,  M.  C,  7,  332 
Perry,  Walter  Copland: 

Boy's  Odyssey,  The,  25,  824 
Sancta  Paula,  25,  827 
Perry,  William  Stevens: 

History  of  the  American  Episcopal 
Church,  24,  1 109 
Persia   and   the   Persian   Question,   5, 

401 
Persia  and  the  Persians,  1,  437,  5,  401 
Persia,    in    Encyclopaedia    Britannica, 

1,  438 
Persia,  the   Land   of  the   Imaums,   5, 

401 
Persian    Problem,  The,  5,  402 
Personal   Life   of   David   Livingstone, 

19,  324 

Personal  Narrative  of  a  Pilgrimage  to 

El  Medinah  and  Meccah,  1,  438 
Personal    Narrative    of    Travels,    20, 

402 
Personal     Recollections    of    Joan    of 

Arc,  25,  835 
Peru,     Beobachtungen     und     Studien 
iiber  das  Land  und  seine  Bewohner, 
21,  360 
Peruvian  Civilization,  21,  357 
Peter  and  Alexis,  25,  877 
Peter  the   Great,   15,  389 
Peter  III,  15,  389 
Peters,  Carl: 

New    Light    on    Dark    Africa,    19, 
323 
Peters,  John  Punnett: 

Nippur,    or    Explorations    and    Ad- 
ventures,   1,  435 
Political   History  of   Recent   Times 
(1816-1875),    with    Special    Refer- 
ence to  Germany,  18,  458 
Petrie,  W.  H.  Flinders: 

History  of  Egypt  from  the  Earliest 
Times  to  the  XXXth  Dynasty,  1, 
.     433 


Petty,  Sir  William: 

Political    Anatomy    of    Ireland,    12. 
381 

Peveril  of  the  Peak,  25,  858 

Pharaoh  and  the  Priest,  The,  25,  821 

Phelps,  M.  H.: 

Life   and   Teachings   of   Abbas    Ef- 
fendi   [Babism],  5,  401 

Philip   Augustus,    25,   834 

Philip   Nolan's   Friends,  25,  895 

Philip  Rollo,  25,  883 

Philip   the  Leal,  25,  835 

Philip  Winwood,  25,  894 

Philippine  Islands,  The,  1493-1898, 
20,  401 

Philippine  Islands,  The,  A  Political, 
Geographical,  Ethnographical,  So- 
cial and  Commercial  History  of  the 
Philippine  Archipelago  and  its  Po- 
litical Dependencies,  Embracing 
the  Whole  Period  of  Spanish  Rule, 
20,  401 

Philippine  Islands  and  their  People, 
The,  20,  403 

Phillpotts,  Eden: 

American  Prisoner,  The,  25,  865 

Philochristus,  25,  823 

Phisterer,  F.: 

Statistical  Record  of  the  Armies  of 
the  United  States,  24,  1113 

Phoenicia,  1,  436 

Phoenicia  in  the  Encyclopaedia  Bri- 
tannica, 1,  436 

Phonizien  in  Allg.  Encyclop.  von 
Ersch   und   Gruber,    1,   436 

Phonizische  Texte  erklart,  1,  436 

Physical  Characters  of  the  Indians  of 
Southern   Mexico,  22,  517 

Pichler,  Caroline: 

Quentin  Matsys,  25,  876 

Pickering,  Edgar: 

Dogs  of  War,  The,  25,  855 
Fortunes  of  Claude,  The,  25,  874 
In  Pressgang  Days,  25,  864 
King  for  a  Summer,  25,  839 
Silas  Verney,  25,  857 
Stout  English  Bowman,  A,  25,  848 
True  to  the  Watchword,  25,  869 

Pickering,  Octavius: 

Life  of  Timothy  Pickering,  24,  1113 

Pickering,  Sidney: 

Key  of  Paradise,  The,  25,  829 


AUTHORS   AND    TITLES 


1013 


Pickett,  A.  J.: 

History  of  Alabama,  24,  1112 
Pickthall,    Marmaduke: 

Said  the  Fisherman,  25,  822 
Pictorial   Field   Book  of  the   War  of 

1812,   24,    1 1 12 
Pictorial   Field  Book  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, 24,  mo 
Picturesque   Mexico,  22,  517 
Pidgin,  C.  F.: 

Blennerhassett,   25,  895 
Pie  IX,  et  Victor  Emmanuel,  4,  422 
Pietschmann,  R.: 

Geschichte  der  Phonezier,   1,  436 
Pike,  J.  S.: 

First  Blows  of  the    Civil  War,  24, 

III3 

Prostrate     State,     The,     or     South 
Carolina    Under    Negro    Govern- 
ment, 24,  1 1 14 
Pike,  L.  S.: 

House  of  Lords,  The,  24,  1106 
Pikeman,  The,  25,  870 
Pilgrim    Fathers    of    New    England, 

The,   24,    1 108 
Pilgrim  Republic,  The,  24,   1108 
Pilgrimage    of    the    Ben    Beriah,    25, 

822 
Pilgrims  in  Their  Three  Homes,  Eng- 
land, Holland  and  America,  24,  1108 
Pillar  of  Fire,  The,  25,  822 
Pilot,  The,  25,  894 
Pimentel,  F.: 

Obras   Completas,  22,  517 
Pinckney,  Charles  Cotesworth: 

Life  of  General  Thomas  Pinckney, 

24,  1 1 13 

Pine  and  Palm,   25,  897 
Pinkerton,  T.  A.: 

French   Prisoner,  The,   25,   866 

Spanish   Poniard,   The,  25,  854 
Pioneer  History,  24,   11 12 
Pioneers  of  France  in  New  England, 

24,   1 107 
Pioneers     of     France     in     the     New 

World,  20,  408 
Pioneers  of  New  France,  24,  1104 
Pirate,  The,  25,   873 
Pirenne,  Henri: 

Histoire  de  Belgique,   13,  598 
Pitkin,  Timothy: 

Political   and   Civil   History   of  the 
United  States,  24,   1111 


Piton,  Charles: 

La  Chine:  sa  religion,  ses  moeurs, 
ses  missions,  6,  329 
Pitt,   II,  649 
Plain  and  Veldt,  25,  886 
Playground  of   Europe,  The,  13,  560 
Plowden,  Francis: 

Historical   Review   of  the    State  of 
Ireland    from    Henry    II    to    the 
Union,  12,  381 
Plowshare    and    the    Sword,    The:    a 

Tale  of  Empire,  25,  886 
Plummer,   Mary  Wright: 

Contemporary  Spain  as   Shown  by 
her  Novelists,  8,  549 
Plunder  Pit,  The,  25,  867 
Plutarch: 

Lives  of   Famous   Greeks   and   Ro- 
mans, 3,  399 
Poet  and  Merchant,  25,  824,  884 
Point  of  Honour,   The,  25,  869 
Policy     and     Administration     of    the 

Dutch   in   Java    (Day),   5,   396,   20, 

409 
Policy     and     Administration     of     the 

Dutch  in  Java,  The  (Hart),  20,  409 
Political  Anatomy  of  Ireland,  12,  381 
Political    and    Civil     History    of    the 

United  States,  24,  1111 
Political  Annals  of  the   Present  Uni- 
ted   Colonies,  24,    1108 
Political     Beginnings     of     Kentucky, 

The,  24,   mi 
Political    Essay   on    New    Spain,    20, 

402 
Political     Essay    on    the     Island     of 

Cuba,  20,  402 
Political    Essay   on   the    Kingdom   of 

New  Spain,  20,  402 
Political     History     of     Contemporary 

Europe,  8,  548,  16,  347 
Political  History  of  Europe,  13,  599 
Political     History     of     Europe     since 

1814,  A,  9,  499,   18,  459 
Political    History    of    Recent    Times 

(1816-1875),     with     Special     Refer- 
ence to  Germany,  18,  458 
Political      History      of     the      United 

States    During    the    Rebellion,    24, 

1113 
Political   Ideas   of   Modern   Japan,   7, 

333 
Political     Relations     of     the     United 


1014 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


States   with   the   European   Powers 
in  the  Far  East,  20,  411 
Political     Relations     of     the     United 

States  with  the  Far  East,  20,  411 
Pollard,  A.  F.: 

England    Under    Protector    Somer- 
set, 24,  1 106 
Pollard,  A.  W.: 

Sallust's  Conspiracy  of  Catiline  and 
the  Jugurthine  War,  3,  399 
Pollard,  E.  A.: 

Life   of  Jefferson   Davis,   24,    11 12, 

1 1 14 
Lost   Cause,  The,  24,   11 13 
Pollard,  Eliza  F.: 

Daughter  of  France,  A,  25,  887 
For  the  Red  Rose,  25,  851        * 
Gentleman  of  England,  A,  25,  853 
Hero  King,  A,  25,  846 
King's   Signet,  The,   25,  838 
Last  of  the  Cliffords,  The,  25,  857, 

881 
Little  Chief,  The,  25,  890 
Robert  Aske,  25,  852 
Scarlet  Judges,  The,  25,  876 
Under  the  War  Clouds,  25,  844 
White  Standard,  The,  25,  835 
Polybius : 

Histories  of  Polybius,  The,  3,  399 
Pomp  of  the  Lavilettes,  The,  25,  887 
Pomponia,  25,  826 

Pons,    Frangois-Raimond   Joseph    de: 
Voyage    to    the    Eastern    Part    of 
Terra  Firma  or  the  Spanish  Main 
in  South  America,  20,  402 
Pontalis,  Antonin: 

John  de  Witte,  13,  598 
Pontoppidan,  Henrik: 

Promised  Land,  The,  25,  881 
Emanuel;  or,  Children  of  the  Soil, 
25,  881 
Poole,  Reginald  Lane: 

History    of    the    Huguenots    of    the 
Dispersion   at   the    Recall   of   the 
Edict  of  Nantes,  9,  498 
Poole,  William  Frederick: 

Cotton   Mather   and    Salem   Witch- 
craft, 24,  1 1 10 
Poor  Sons  of  a  Day,  25,  874 
Poore,   Benjamin   Perley: 

Life  and   Public   Services  of  A.   E. 
Burnside,  24,  11 14 


Popular  History  of  France,  A,  9,  496 
Popular  History  of  Ireland,  12,  381 
Popular     History     of     the     Mexican 

People,  A,  22,  515 
Popular  History  of  the  United  States, 

24,  1 103 
Porfirio  Diaz,  22,  517 
Porter,  Anna  Maria: 

Hungarian  Brothers,  The,  25,  881 
Porter,  Jane: 

Scottish  Chiefs,  The,  25,  871 

Thaddeus  of  Warsaw,  25,  879 
Porter,  Robert  P.: 

Industrial  Cuba,  22,  518 
Porto  Rico  and  the  West  Indies,  22, 

5i8 
Porto   Rico,   Its  Conditions  and  Pos- 
sibilities,  22,   518 
Portraitures  of  Julius  Caesar,  3,  401 
Portugal,  8,  545 

Portugal    Contemporanes,    8,   548 
Portugal  em  Africa,  8,  548 
Portugal,   Old   and   New,   8,   546 
Portuguese  in  India,  The,  8,  546 
Post,  Waldron  Kentzing: 

Smith  Brunt,  20,  896 
Post-Bellum  Finance,  7,  333 
Potter,  Margaret  Horton: 

Castle  of  Twilight,  The,  25,  835 

House  of  De  Mailly,  The,  25,  839 

Istar   of   Babylon:   a   Phantasy,  25, 
821 

Uncanonized,   25,  848 
Pottinger,  Henry: 

Flood,  Fell  and  Forest,  16,  348 
Poynter,  H.  May: 

Fair  Jacobite,   A,   25,   861 

Madamscourt:      Adventures     of     a 
Fugitive   Princess,   25,  861,  879 
Preacher  and  the  King,  The,  25,  838 
Precis    de   l'histoire    des    Revolutions 

du  Bresil,  21,  360 
Pre-Columbian  Discovery  of  America 

by  the  Northmen,  24,  1108 
Pre-Columbian   Visits,  21,  357 
Preliminary    Stages    of   the    Peace   of 

Amiens,   The,    10,   508 
Premiere     invasion     prussienne,      10, 

508 
Prendergast,  J.  P.: 

Cromwellian  Settlement  of  Ireland, 
12,  382,  24,  1 106 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1015 


Prescott,  William  Hickling: 

History   of  the    Conquest   of   Mex- 
ico, 22,  517 

History  of  the  Reign  of  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella,  8,  548 

History  of  the  Reign  of  Philip  II, 
8,  548,  14,  515 
Pressig,  E.: 

Short    Outline    of   the    History    of 
Austria-Hungary,    17,   468 
Preston,  Harriet  W.,  and  Dodge,  L.: 

Private  life  of  the  Romans,  3,  402 
Pretty  Michal,  25,  881 
Preston   Fight,  25,  861 
Price,  Eleanor  C: 

Angelot,  25,  842 

Heiress  of  the  Forest,  The,  25,  838 

In  the   Lion's  Mouth,  25,  841 

Queen's  Man,  The,  25,  851 
Pride    of  Jennico,   The,   25,   881 
Primitive  Culture,  24,   1107 
Primitive   History,  22,   515 
Prince  and  the  Page,  The,  25J  849 
Prince  and  the  Pauper,  The,  25,  852 
Prince  Bismarck:  an  Historical  Biog- 
raphy, 18,  457 
Prince   Henry   the  Navigator,   8,  547, 

20,  400,  24,  1 106 
Prince  of  Good  Fellows,  A,  25,  871 
Prince  of  India,  The,  25,  879 
Prince  of  the  House  of   David,  The, 

25,  823 
Prince  Rupert  the  Buccaneer,  25,  857 
Princess  Adelaide,  25,  848 
Princess  Jarakanova,  25,  878 
Princess  of  Cleves,  The,  25,  836 
Prinsloo  of  Prinsloosdorp,  25,  886 
Prior,   [Kirk]   James: 

Forest  Folk,  25,  865 
Prisoner    of    Mademoiselle,    The,    25, 

887 
Prisoner    of   the    Gurkhas,    The,    25, 

831 
Prisoner  of  War,  A,  25,  842 
Prisoners  of  Hope,   25,  891 
Pritchard,  Hesketh: 

Where  Black  Rules  White:  A  Jour- 
ney Across  and  About  Hayti,  22, 
5i8 
Private  Life  of  the  Romans,  The,  3, 

402 
Private    Soldier    under    Washington, 

The,  24,  1 1 10 


Privy  Council,  The,  24,  1106 

Probation,  25,  867 

Problems   of  Greater   Britain,  5,   395, 

20,  404 

Problems  of  the  Far  East,  6,  326 
Probyn,  L.  C: 

Indian    Coinage    and    Currency,    5, 

394 
Proces   des   Dantonistes,    10,   508 
Prodigal's  Brother,  The,  25,  888 
Progress  of   India,   Japan  and    China 

in  the  Nineteenth   Century,  The,  6, 

326 
Progress   of   Opinion   Respecting  the 

Antiquity  of  Man  in  America,  The, 

21,  357 

Promised   Land,   The,  25,  881 
Prophet  of  Wales,  A,  25,  868 
Prosperous    British    India,    5,   395 
Prostrate    State,    or    South    Carolina 

Under     Negro     Government,     The, 

24,   1 1 14 
Protected   Princes   of   India,   5,   394 
Protestant,  The,   25,  852 
Protestant      Reformation,     The,      18, 

459 
Proud,   Robert: 

History    of    Pennsylvania,    24,    1109 
Proud   Prince,  The,  25,  827 
Provenzano  the  Proud,  25,  827 
Proverbs  and  Common  Sayings  from 

the   Chinese,   6,  327 
Provinces     of    the     Roman     Empire, 

The,  3,  402,  8,  548 
Provincial   Governor,  The,  24,   1108 
Provisional  Government  of  Nebraska 

Territory,  24,   11 12 
Prowse,  D.  W.: 

History     of     Newfoundland,     from 
the    English,    Colonial    and    For- 
eign  Records,  20,  407 
Prusias,   25,   825 
Psychologie  de  la  Colonisation  Fran- 

caise    dans    ses    rapports    avec    les 

societes   indigenes,    19,   324 
Public    Economy    of    the    Athenians, 

The,  2,  556 
Pulano : 

Der     Sturm    des     Kaiserthrons     im 
Brasilien,  21,   360 
Puling,  F.  S.,  and  Low,  S.  J.  M.: 

Dictionary  of  English  History,  11, 
645 


1016 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Pupils  of  Peter  the   Great4  The,   15, 

389 
Pure    Democracy   and    Pastoral    Life 

in  Inner-Rhoden,  13,  560 
Puritan  Age  and  Rule  in  the  Colony 

of  Massachusetts   Bay,  24,   1108 
Puritan     in     England,     Holland     and 

America,  The,  24,  1106 
Puritans   and    Queen   Elizabeth,  The, 

24,  1 106 
Puritan's  Wife,  A,  25,  858 
Pushkin,  A.  S.: 

Captain's  Daughter,  The,  25,  879 
Putman,  J.  Bishop: 

Norwegian   Ramble,   16,  349 
Putnam,  Ruth: 

Count  of  the  Saxon  Shore,  The,  25, 

845 
William     the      Silent,      Prince      of 

Orange,  13,  598 
Pyle,  Howard: 

Merry  Adventures  of  Robin  Hood, 

25,  848 
Story    of     King     Arthur     and     his 

Knights,  The,  25,  845 
Within  the  Capes,  25,  896 


Quaker    Invasion    of    Massachusetts, 

24,  1 109 
Quebec  Act,  The,  24,   11 10 
Queen  Can  Do  No  Wrong,  The,  25, 

866 
Queen  Mary's  Holdfast,  25,  872 
Queen  of  Men,  A,  25,  869 
Queen  of  Nine  Days,  A,  25,  852 
Queen's   Man,  The,  25,  851 
Queen's  Maries,   The,  25,  872 
Queen's  Necklace,  The,  25,  840 
Queen's   Quair,  The,  25,  872 
Queen's   Serf,   The,  25,  861 
Quellenkunde     der     Deutschen     Ge- 

schichte,   17,  465 
Quentin   Durward,  25,  835 
Quentin  Matsys,  25,  876 
Quer  durch  Mexico,  22,  517 
Quiberon  Touch,  The,  25,  887 
Quick,  John,  and  Garran,  Robert  Ran- 
dolph: 

Annotated  Constitution  of  the  Aus- 
tralian Commonwealth,  The,  20, 
406 


Quincy,  Josiah: 

History  of  Harvard  University,  24, 
1110 
Quintus  Claudius,  25,  826 
Quisenberry,  A.  C.: 

Lopez's  Expeditions  to  Cuba,  1850- 
1851,  22,  518 
Quo  Vadis,  25,  826 
Qur'an,  The,   1,  439 


R 


Races  of  the  Old  Testament,  The,  1, 

435 
Radet,  George: 

La    Lydie    et    le    monde    grec    au 
temps  des  Mermnades,  1,  437 
Rafael,  25,  834 
Raffles,  Sir  Thomas  Stamford: 

History  of  Java,  20,  409 
Ragozin,  Me  Zenaide  Alexeievna: 

Vedic  India,  5,  399 
Raiders,  The,  25,  874 
Raine,  Allen: 

Hearts  of  Wales,  25,  868 
Raines,  G.  P.: 

Terrible  Times,  25,  832 
Rainsford,  Marcus: 

Historical    Account    of    the    Black 
Empire   of   Hayti,    Comprising   a 
View   of   the    Principal   Transac- 
tions   in    the    Revolution    of    St. 
Domingo,  22,  518 
Report    of    the   West   India    Royal 
Commission,  1897,  22,  518 
Rajah    Brooke,    the    Englishman,    as 
Ruler  of  an  Eastern  State,  20,  405 
Ralph  Darnell,  25,  831 
Ralph  Wynward,  25,  868 
Rambaud,   Alfred: 
(Expansion  of  Russia,  15,  390 
Historie  de  la  Russie,  15,  389 
La   France  Coloniale:   Histoire  Ge- 
ographic,     Commerce.       Ouvraje 
publie    sans    la    direction    de    M. 
Alfred  Rambaud,  20,  409 
Rambaud,    Alfred    Nicolas,    and    La- 
visse,  Ernest: 

Historie  Generale,   15,  390,   19,  323 
Ramona,  25,  899 
Ramsay,  David: 

History  of  the  Revolution  in  South 
Carolina,  24,  mo 


AUTHORS    AND    TITLES 


1017 


Ramsay,  Sir  James  Henry: 

Foundations  of  England,  n,  648 
Lancaster  and  York,  n,  648 
Ramsay,  William: 

Manual    of    Roman    Antiquities,    3, 
402 
Ramsay,  William  Mitchell: 

Cities    and    Bishoprics    in    Phrygia, 
The,  1,  437 
Randall,  H.  S.: 

Thomas  Jefferson,  24,    nil 
Rangers,  The,  25,  893 
Ranke,  Leopold  von: 

Ansprung    und    Beginn    der    Revo- 

lutionskriege,  1791-1792,  18,  458 
Civil      Wars      and      Monarchy      in 

France,  9,  498 
Denk    wiirdig     Keiten     des     Staats 
Kanzlers    Fiirsten    von    Harden- 
berg,  18,  458 
History    of    England    in    the    Six- 
teenth and  Seventeenth  Centuries, 
11,  648,  24,  1 106 
History  of  the  Reformation  in  Ger- 
many, 18,  458 
Memoirs    of   the    House    of    Bran- 
denburg  and   History  of   Prussia 
during      the       Seventeenth      and 
Eighteenth   Centuries,    18,   458 
Zur   deutsche   Geschichte  vom   Re- 
ligions-frieden    bis    zum    dreissig- 
jahrigen  Krieg,  18,  458 
Ransome,   C,  and  Acland,  A.  H.  D.: 
Handbook  of  English  Political  His- 
tory, 11,  645 
Raper,  C.  L.: 

North  Carolina,  24,  1109 
Rassam,    Hormuzd: 

Excavations  and  Discoveries  in  As- 
syria, 1,  435 
Ratzel,  Friedrich: 

Aus   Mexico    Reiseskizzen   aus   den 

Jahren    1874-1875,    22,    517 
History  of  Mankind,  19,  323 
Raum,  J.  O.: 

History  of  New  Jersey,  24,  1109 
Raumer,  Friedrich  von: 

Geschichte    der    Hohenstaufen    und 
ihrer  Zeit,   18,  458 
Rawlinson,   George : 

Cuneiform  Inscriptions  of  Western 
Asia,  1,  435 


Five   Great  Monarchies  of  the  An- 
cient World,  The,  1,  431 
History  of  Ancient  Egypt,  1,  433 
History  of  Herodotus;  a  new  Eng- 
lish Version,  with  Copious  Notes 
and  Appendices,  1,  433 
Russia    and    England    in   the    East, 

5,   401 
Seventh   Great   Oriental   Monarchy, 
The,  or  the   Geography,   History, 
and   Antiquities   of  the   Sassanian 
or   New   Persian    Empire,   1,  438, 
5,  402 
Sixth     Great     Oriental     Monarchy, 
The,  or  the  Geography,   History, 
and     Antiquities     of     Parthia,     I, 
438,   5,   402 
Rawson,  Maud  Stepney: 
Journeyman  Love,  25,  843 
Lady  of  the  Regency,  A,  25,  866 
Raymond,  Walter: 

Good  Souls  of  Cider  Land,  25,  867 
Jacob  and  John,  25,  862 
No    Soul   Above   Money,   25,   861 
Two  Men  o'  Mendip,  25,  864 
Raynal,  Guillaume  Thomas  Frangois: 
Histoire  philosophique    et   politique 
des    etablissements    et    du    com- 
merce   des    Europeens    dans    les 
deux  Indes,  5,  399 
Rayner,  Emma: 

Doris  Kingsley,  25,  893 
Free  to   Serve,  25,  892 
Reach,  Angus  Bethune: 

Clement    Lorimer;    or,    The    Book 

with  the  Iron  Clasps,  25,  867 
Leonard  Lindsay;  or,  The  Story  of 
a  Buccaneer,  25,  860,  889 
Read,  Meredith: 

Historic    Studies    in    Vaud,    Berne 
and  Savoy,  13,  599 
Reade,  Amos: 

Norah  Moriarity;  or,  Revelations  of 
Modern   Irish   Life,  25,  871 
Reade,  Charles: 

Cloister   and   the   Hearth,  The,  25, 
828,  835,  876,  883 
Readings      from      Modern      Mexican 

Authors,  22,  517 
Real  Chinese  Question,  The,  6,  328 
Real  Menace  of  Russian  Aggression, 
The,   20,  411 


1018 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Reallexikon  der  indo-germanischen 
altertumskunde;  grundziige  einer 
kultur  und  volkergeschichte  Alteu- 
ropas,   5,   400 

Realm    of   the    Hapsburgs,    The,    17, 

465 
Realmah,  25,  877 
Rebel,  The,  25,  858 
Rebel  War  Clerk's  Diary,  24,  11 13 
Rebellion  and   Civil   War,   12,  381 
Rebellion   of   the   Princess,    The,    25, 

877 
Rebellion  Record,  The,  24,  11 13 
Rebels,  The,  25,  870 
Recent     Researches     in     the      Bible 

Lands,  1,  434 
Reckoning,  The,  25,  894 
Reclus,  filie: 

Nouvelle     Geographie     Universelle, 
17,  466 
Reclus,  Jean  Jacques  Elisee: 

Earth  and  its  Inhabitants,  The,   5, 

399 
Recollections      of      a      Minister      to 

France,  9,  502 
Recollections   of  Forty   Years  in   the 

House,     Senate    and     Cabinet,    24, 

1 1 14 
Recollections    of  the    Civil    War,   24, 

1113 
Reconstruction  During  the  Civil  War 

in  the  United  States,  24,  11 13 
Reconstruction  in  Georgia,  24,  11 14 
Reconstruction     in     Mississippi,     24, 

1 1 14 
Reconstruction  in  South  Carolina,  24, 

1114 
Reconstruction   of   Europe,    The,    18, 

458 
Records   of  the   Past;  being   English 

Translations    of    the    Assyrian    and 

Egyptian  Monuments,   1,  433 
Red  and  White,  25,  851 
Red  Axe,  The,  25,  884 
Red  Badge  of  Courage,  The,  25,  898 
Red  Bridal,  A,  25,  842,  882 
Red  Cockade,  The,  25,  840 
Red  Cravat,  The,  25,  884 
Red   Dickon   the   Outlaw,   25,   849 
Red  Hugh's   Captivity,  25,   869 
Red  King's  Burial,  The,  25,  847 
Red  Man  and  White  Man,  The,  24, 

1 107 


Red  Man's  Revenge,  The,  25,  888 

Red  Men  of  the  Dusk,  The,  25,  857 

Red  Reaper,  The,  25,  873 

Red  Republic,  The,  25,  844 

Red    Rock,    25,    899 

Red   Rose  and   White,  25,  851 

Red  Shirts,  The,  25,  841 

Red  Spider,  The,  25,  867 

Redemption   of   Africa,   The,    19,   326 

Red-gauntlet,  25,  874 

Redmond,  Count  O'Hanlon,  the  Irish 

Rapparee,   25,   869 
Reds  of  the  Midi,  25,  840 
Reed,  Myrtle: 

Shadow    of    Victory,    The:    a    Ro- 
mance of  Fort  Dearborn,  25,  896 
Reed,  Talbot  Baines: 

Kilgorman,  25,  870 

Sir  Ludar,  25,  854,  868 
Rees,  William  Lee: 

Life  and  Times  of  Sir  George  Grey, 
20,  406 
Reeve,  Clara: 

Old  English  Baron,  The,  25,  850 
Reeve,  H.: 

Democracy  in   America,   24,    1105 
Reeves,  A.   M.: 

Finding    of    Wineland     the     Good, 
The,  24,   1 108 
Refounding   of   the    German    Empire, 

The,    1848-1871,    18,   458 
Refugees,  The,  25,  838 
Regent's  Daughter,  The,  25,  839 
Regina,  25,  884 

Register  of  Privy  Council,  12,  382 
Reid: 

Irish-Presbyterian    Church,    12,   381 
Reid,  T.  Wemyss: 

Life  of  W.  E.  Forster,  11,  648 
Reign  of   Henry  VIII   from   his  Ac- 
cession   to    the    Death    of    Wolsey, 

The,   11,  645,  24,   1 106 
Reign    of    Louis    the    Eleventh,    The, 

9,   500 
Rein,  Johannes  Justus: 

Industries  of  Japan,  Together  with 
an  Account  of  its  Agriculture, 
Forestry  and  Commerce,  7,  331 

Japan:  Travels  and  Researches  Un- 
dertaken at  the  Cost  of  the  Prus- 
sian  Government,   7,   331 
Reinsch,  Paul  Samuel: 

Colonial    Government:    An     Intro- 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1019 


duction  to  the  Study  of  Colonial 
Institutions,  20,  399 
Relations     Between     Ancient     Russia 

and  Scandinavia,  The,  16,  347 
Religion    of    Babylonia    and    Assyria, 

The,  1,  434 
Religion  of  the  Ancient  Egyptians,  1, 

434 
Religious  System  of  the  Amazulu,  19, 

325 

Remains  of  Ancient  Rome,  The,  3, 
402 

Remarkable  History  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  Including  that  of 
the  French  Traders  of  Northwest- 
ern Canada  and  of  the  Northwest, 
X,  Y,  and  Astor  Fur  Companies, 
The,  20,  407 

Remember   the    Alamo,    25,   896 

Reminiscences,  24,  11 12 

Reminiscences  of  Sixty  Years,  3-4, 
1114 

Remusat,  Madame  de: 
Memoirs,  9,  501 

Remusat,  Paul  de: 
Thiers,  9,  499 

Renaissance,  The,  21,  358 

Renan,  Joseph  Ernest: 

Histoire   du  peuple  d'Israel,   1,  440 

Repertoire  methodique  de  l'histoire 
moderne  et  contemporaine  de  la 
France,  9,  495 

Report  of  the  System  of  Public  In- 
struction in  China,  6,  328 

Report  of  the  West  India  Royal 
Commission,    1897,   22,   518 

Report  on  Certain  Economic  Ques- 
tions in  the  English  and  Dutch  Col- 
onies, 20,  404,  405,  409 

Report  on  the  Adoption  of  the  Gold 
Standard,   7,  333 

Report  on  the  Republic  of  Mexico, 
22,  516 

Report  to  the  Secretary  of  State  for 
India  in  Council  on  the  Portuguese 
Records  relating  to  the  East  In- 
dies at  Lisbon  and  Evora,  5,  396 

Republic  of  Fools:  being  the  History 
of  the  State  and  People  of  Abdera 
in  Thrace,  The,  25,  824 

Republic  of  Mexico,    22,  517 

Republic  of  New  Haven,  24,   1108 


Republics  and  Native  Territories, 
1854-1872,  19,  324 

Reputed  Changeling,  A,  25,  857 

Rerum   Scoticarum    Historia,    12,   382 

Resources  and  Development  of  Mex- 
ico, 23,  515 

Resumen  de  la  historia  del  Ecuador, 
21,  360 

Return,  25,  893 

Reuchlin,  H.: 

Geschichte  Italiens  von  Grundung 
der  regierenden  Dynastien  bis  auf 
die  Gegenwart,  4,  422 

Reudel,  Hubert: 

Under  which  King,  25,  884 

Reuter,  Fritz: 

In  the  Year  '13,  25,  842,  884 
Seed  Time  and   Harvest,  25,  885 

Revenue  and  Taxation  of  the  Chinese 
Empire,  The,   6,  328 

Review  of  the  Causes  and  Conse- 
quences of  the  Mexican  War,  24, 
1112 

Revolt  of  the  Netherlands,  The,  13, 
599 

Revolution,   The,   9,   500 

Revolution  and  Europe,  The,  10,  507 

Revolutionary  and  Napoleonic  Era, 
The,   10,    507 

Revolutionary  Diplomatic  Corre- 
spondence of  the  United  States,  24, 
nil 

Revolutionary  Europe,  9,  499 

Rex   Christus,  6,  325 

Rhode  Island,  Its  Making  and  Mean- 
ing, 34,   1 108 
Rhodes,  James  Ford: 

History  of  the  United  States  Since 
the  Compromise  of  1850,  34,  1105 

Rhodesia    and    its    Government,    19, 

324 
Rhoscomyl,  Owen: 

Battlement  and  Tower,  25,  856,  868 

For  the  White  Rose  of  Arno,  25, 
868,  874 

Jewel  of  Ynys  Galon,  The,  25,  860, 
868 

Shrouded  Face,  The,  25,  868 
Rhymer,  The,  25,  875 
Rhys,  Ernest: 

Whistling  Maid,  The,  25,  868 

Man  at  Odds,  The,  25,  868 


1020 


THE   HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Rhys-Davids,  T.  W.: 

Buddhist  India,  5,  399 
Rhys,  John: 

Celtic    Britain,   II,  648 
Rice,  James,  and  Besant,  Sir  Walter: 
Chaplain  of  the  Fleet,  The,  25,  862 
Richard,  Edouard: 
Acadia,  24,   1107 
Richard    Carvel,   25,   894 
Richard  III,   II,  646 
Richard  Yea  and  Nay,  25,  834 
Richelieu,  25,   837 
Richelieu  and  the  Growth  of  French 

Power,  9,  498 
Richey : 

Irish   Land   Law,   12,  382 
Lectures  on  the  History  of  Ireland, 
12,  381 
Richings,  Emily: 

In  Chaucer's  Maytime,  25,  849 
Richman,  E.  B.: 

Rhode     Island,     Its     Making     and 
Meaning,  24,  1108 
Richman,  I.  B.: 

Pure  Democracy  and  Pastoral  Life 
in   Inner-Rhoden,    13,   600 
Richter : 
Annalen    der   deutschen    Geschichte 
in   Mittelalter,   18,  458 
Rickert,  Edith: 

Out  of  the  Cypress  Swamp,  25,  895 
Ricroft  of  Withens,  25,  862,  874 
Ridding,  Lady  Laura: 

By  Weeping  Cross,  25,  835 
Riddle,  A.  G.: 

Life  of  Benjamin  Wade,  24,  1113 
Ridgeway,  William: 

Early  Age  of   Greece,  2,   557 
Ridpath,  John  Clark: 

Popular     History     of     the     United 
States,   24,   1 103 
Rienzi,  the  Last  of  the  Tribunes,  25, 

827 
Rigby,  Edward: 

Dr.    Rigby's    Letters    from    France, 
etc.,  in  1789,  9,  501 
Ringan  Gilhaize,  25,  873 
Rink,  Henry: 

Danish    Greenland,   Its    People   and 
Its  Products,  16,  349 
Rise  and  Fall  of  the  Confederate  Gov- 
ernment,  24,   1 1 13 


Rise   and    Fall   of   the    Slave    Power, 
24,   1112,   1113 

Rise    of    our    East    African    Empire, 
The,  19,  323 

Rise   of    Religious    Liberty   in    Amer- 
ica, 24,    1 106,   1 109 

Rise  of  the  British  Dominion  in  In- 
dia, 5,  393 

Rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic,   13,  598 

Rise  of  the  Portuguese  Power  in  In- 
dia, 8,  548 

Rise   of  the   Reformation   in    France, 
The,  9,  496 

Rise  of  the  Republic,  24,  1110 

Rise  of  the  Swiss  Republic,  The,  13, 
599 

Rivadeneyra: 

Biblioteca  de  autores  espanoles,  8, 

549 
Rival  Heirs,  The,  25,  846 
River  Congo,  The,  19,  325 
River  of  Norway,  16,  349 
River  Towns  of  Connecticut,  24,  1108 
River  War,  The,  19,  321 
Rivers,  W.  I.: 

Sketch    of    the    History    of    South 
Carolina,  24,  1109 
Rives,  William  C: 

Life  and  Times  of  James  Madison, 

24,   1113 
Road  to  Frontenac,  The,  25,  887 
Road  to   Paris,  The,  25,  892 
Rob  Roy,  25,  861,  873 
Robber     Baron     of    Bedford     Castle, 

The,  25,  848 
Robert,  L.  M.: 

Negotiations    Preceding    the    Peace 
of  Luneville,  The,  10,  509 
Robert   Annys,   Poor   Priest,   25,   849 
Robert  Aske,  25,  852 
Robert  Cavalier,  25,  891 
Robert   Helmont,  25,  844 
Robert  Tournay,  25,  840 
Roberton,  Margaret  H.: 

Gallant   Quaker,   A,  25,  857 
Roberts,  C.  H.: 

Down  the  O-hi-o,  25,  897 
Roberts,     Charles     George    Douglas: 

Barbara  Ladd,  25,  894 

Forge  in  the  Forest,  The,  25,  887 

Prisoner  of  Mademoiselle,  The,  25, 
887 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1021 


Sister  to   Evangeline,   A,   25,  887 

Roberts,  Ellis  Henry: 
New  York,  24,  1109 

Roberts,  G.  H.: 

Foreign  Commerce  of  the  United 
States  During  the  Confederation, 
24,    IIII 

Roberts,  Margaret: 

Atelier  du  Lys,  The,  25,  841 
Fiddler  of  Lugau,  The,   25,  884 
In  the   Olden  Time,  25,  883 
Mademoiselle  Mori,  25,  830 
On  the  Edge  of  the  Storm,  25,  841 

Roberts,  Morley: 

Colossus,  The,  25,  886 
Taken  by  Assault,  25,  886 

Robertson,  E.  W.: 

History  of  Scotland,  1542-1603,   12, 

383 
Scotland    under    Her    Early    Kings, 
12,  382 

Robertson,     James     Alexander,     and 
Blair,  Emma  Helen: 
Philippine    Islands,   The,    1493-1898, 
20,  401 

Robertson,  William: 
Dule  Tree  of  Cassillis,  The,  25,  872 
History  of  America,  20,  403 
History  of  the    Reign   of    Emperor 

Charles  V,  18,  458 
Stone  of  Dunalter,  The,  25,  874 

Robespierre,  9,  496,   10,  507 

Robin  Hood  and  his  Adventures,  25, 
848 

Robin  Hood;  or,  The  Merry  Men  of 
Sherwood    Forest,   25,   848 

Robin   Hood,    Romance  of   the    Eng- 
lish Forest,  25,  848 

Robinet,  J.  E.: 

Danton  emigre,  10,  508 
Memoires  sur  la  vie  privee  de  Dan- 
ton,  10,  508 
Proces   des   Dantonistes,    10,   508 

Robinson,  A.  Mary  F.: 

Mediaeval  Garland,  A,  25,  834 

Robinson,  Emma: 

Caesar   Borgia,   25,   828 
Westminster   Abbey,   25,   851 
Whitefriars;      or,     The     Court     of 

Charles  II,  25,  858 
Whitehall,  25,  854 

Rock  of  the  Lion,  The,  25,  863 


Rocquain,  F.: 

Spirit   of   the    Revolution,    The,    9, 

499 
Rodd,  J.  Rennell: 

Customs     and     Lore     of     Modern 
Greece,  2,  558 
Rodenberg,  Julius: 

King    by    the    Grace    of    God,    25, 
856 
Roderick  Taliaferro,  25,  889 
Rodman  the  Keeper,  25,  899 
Rodney  Stone,  25,  864 
Rodocanachi,  E.: 

Tolla  the  Courtesan,  25,  829 
Roe,  Sir  Thomas: 

Negotiations    of    Sir    Thomas    Roe, 

14,  515 
Rogers,  A.: 

Land    Revenue  of   Bombay,  a   His- 
tory  of   its    Administration,    Rise 
and  Progress,  5,  394 
Rogers,  James  Edwin  Thorold: 
History   of   Agriculture   and    Prices 

in   England,   11,  648 
Holland,   13,  598 

Six  Centuries  of  Work  and  Wages, 
11,  648 
Rogers,  Robert  C: 

Will  o'  the  Wasp,  25,  896 
Rogers,  Robert  William: 

History  of   Babylonia   and   Assyria, 

1,  435 
Rogge,  W.: 

Oesterreich  von  Vilagos  bis  zur  Ge- 
genwart,  17,  467 

Rogue's  March,  The,  25,  888 

Roland  Blake,  25,  898 

Rolfe,  Francis: 

Don    Tarquinio:    a    Kataleptic    Ro- 
mance, 25,  828 

Roman,  A.: 

Military     Operations     of     General 
Beauregard,  24,  1114 

Roman  History  of  Appian  of  Alex- 
andria, The,  3,  399 

Roman  Life  in  the  Days  of  Cicero, 
3,  402 

Roman  Political  Institutions,  3,  401 

Roman  Public  Life,  3,  402 

Roman  System  of  Provincial  Admin- 
istration to  the  Accession  of  Con- 
stantine,  3,  401 


1022 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Roman  Triumvirates,   The,  3,  400 

Romance,  25,  866 

Romance    and    Teutonic    Switzerland, 

13,  599 
Romance  of  Dijon,  A,  25,  840 
Romance  of  Dollard,  The,  25,  886 
Romance  of  Gilbert  Holmes,  The,  25, 

896 
Romance  of  Spain,  The,  8,  550 
Romance  of  the  Cape  Frontier,  A,  25, 

885 
Romance  of  the  First  Consul,  A,  25, 

841 
Romance  of  the  Lady  Arbell,  25,  854 
Romance  of  the   Milky  Way,  7,  332 
Romance  of  the  Tuileries,  A,  25,  843 
Romance  of  War,   The,  25,   865 
Romances    of   the    Old    Seraglio,    25, 

879 
Romans  in  Britain,  The,  25,  845 
Romantic    History    of    Robin    Hood, 

The,  25,  848 
Rome     and     Carthage:     The     Punic 

Wars,  3,  400 
Romero,  Matias: 

Geographical   and   Statistical   Notes 
on  Mexico,  22,  517 

Mexico  and  the  United  States,  22, 

517 
Romisches  Staatsrecht,  3,  402 
Romola,  25,  828 
Ronald   Lindsay,  25,  873 
Roosevelt,  Theodore: 

Life  of  Benton,  24,  1112 

Naval  War  of  1812,  The,  24,   1112 

New  York,  24,  1109 

Winning  of  the  West,  The,  24,  1106 
Ropes,  John  Codman: 

Campaign    of    Waterloo,    The,    10, 

509 
First    Napoleon,    The,    9,    499,    10, 

509 
Story  of  the   Civil   War,   24,    1105, 
1113 
Ropes,  Mary  E.,  and  Arthur  R.: 

On  Peter's  Island,  25,  878 
Ropes  of  Sand,  25,  864 
Rory  O'More,  25,   870 
Roscher,  Willhelm: 

Kolonien,  Kolonialpolitik  und  Aus- 

wanderung,  20,  399 
Spanish   Colonial   System,  The,  20, 
403,  at,  359 


Rose,  Hugh  James: 

Among  the  Spanish  People,  8,  550 

Untrodden  Spain,  8,  550 
Rose,  J.  H.: 

Dispatches  of  Colonel  T.  Graham 
on  the  Italian  Campaign  of  1796- 
1797,   10,  509 

Napoleon,  9,  499,  10,  509 

Napoleon  and  English  Commerce, 
10,   509 

Revolutionary  and  Napoleonic  Era, 
10,  507 
Rose  d'Albret,  25,  837 
Rose  of  Disentis,  The,  25,  877 
Rose  of  Normandy,  A,  25,  838,  887 
Rosebery,     Lord     Archibald      Philip 

Primrose: 

Napoleon,  the  Last  Phase,  9,  499 

Pitt,  11,  649 
Rosegger,  Peter: 

Forest   Schoolmaster,   The,   25,  881 

God  Seeker,  The,  25,  881 
Rose-Spinner,  The,  25,  862 
Ross,  Clinton: 

Scarlet  Coat,  The,  25,  894 
Ross,  John: 

Mission  Methods  in   Manchuria,   6, 

329 
Ross,  Thomasina: 

Personal   Narrative  of  Travels,  20, 
402 
Rossher,  W.: 

Spanish   Colonial   System,  The,  24, 
1 107  . 
Rosslyn's  Raid;  and  other  Tales,  25, 

872 
Roulet,  Mary  F.  N.: 

God,    the    King,    My    Brother,    25, 

833,  849 
Round  Anvil  Rock,  25,  895 
Round   the   Calendar   in   Portugal,   8, 

550 
Round  Tower,  The,  25,  870 
Rousseau,  Victor: 

Derwent's  Horse,  25,  886 
Rousseau,  9,  498,   10,  508 
Routier,  G.: 

Le  Mexique  de  nos  Jour,  22,  517 
Roving  Commission,   A,  25,  889 
Rowe,   L.    S.;    Ireland,    W.    Alleyne; 

and   Williams,   Talcott: 

Government  of  Tropical  Colonies, 
The,  20,  411 


AUTHORS    AND    TITLES 


1023 


Rowland,  Kate  M.: 

Life  of  George  Mason,  24,  11 13 
Rowney,  Horace  Bicker  stafl : 

Young  Zemindar,  The,  25,  831 
Rowsell,  Mary  C: 

Traitor   or   Patriot?,   25,   858 
Roxburgh,  T.  L.,  and  Musson,  G.  P.: 

Hand-book  of  Jamaica,  22,  518 
Roxy,  25,  895 
Royal   Favour,  25,  880 
Royal  Georgie,  25,  866 
Royal  Quaker,  The,  25,  862 
Royal  Rascal,  A,  25,  866 
Royal  Sisters,  The,  25,  852 
Royston   Gower,   25,  848 
Ruffini,  Giovanni   Domenico: 

Dr.  Antonio,  25,   830 

Lorenzo  Benoni,  25,  830 
Rufus;  or,  the  Red  King,  25,  847 
Ruined    Cities   of   Mashonaland,   The, 

19,  324 
Ruins    and    Excavations    of    Ancient 

Rome,  3,  402 
Rule  of  the  Monk,  The,  25,  830 
Rulers  of  India,  5,  394 
Runkle,  Bertha: 

Helmet  of  Navarre,  The,  25,  837 
Runnymede    and    Lincoln    Fair,    25, 

848 
Rupert    by    the    Grace    of    God,    25, 

856 
Russell,  George  Hansby: 

Under  the   Sjambok,  25,  886 
Russell,  Lord  John: 

Memorials   and    Correspondence   of 
Charles  J.  Fox,  10,  509 
Russell,  W.  Clark: 

Ocean  Free-Lance,  An,  25,  866 
Russell,  William  Howard: 

War  in  the  Crimea,  The,  14,  515 
Russia,  15,  389 
Russia  and   England   in   the   East,   5, 

401 
Russia  and  its  Crisis,   15,  390 
Russia  on  the  Pacific  and  the  Trans- 
Siberian    Railway,    15,    390 
Russian  Anthology,   A,  15,  389 
Russian  Army  and  Its  Campaigns  in 

Turkey,  The,   14,   514 
Russian   Characteristics,   15,  389 
Russian  Political  Institutions,  15,  389 
Russian   Life  in  Town  and   Country, 

15,  389 


Russian  Peasantry,  The,   15,  389 
Russia's  Sea  Power,  15,  389 
Russo-Japanese    Conflict:    Its    Causes 

and    Issues,   7,   332 
Russo-Turkish   Campaigns,   1828-1829, 

The,  14,  513 
Riistow,  R.: 

War   on   the   Rhine    Frontier,   The, 
18,  458 
Rutherford,  Mark: 

Clara   Hopgood,   25,  830 
Ruttenber,  E.  M.: 

History    of    the    Indian    Tribes    of 
Hudson's    River,   24,    1107 
Rycaut  and  Knolles: 

General   History  of  the  Turks,   14, 

513 
Rydberg,  Viktor: 

Singoalla:  a   Mediaeval  Legend,  25, 
880 
Rydfors,  A.: 

Konung    Oskar    II     och     Svereges 
Folk,   16,  346 
Ryerson,  A.  E.: 

Royalists    of    America    and     Their 
Times,   24,    n  10 


Sabatini,  Rafael: 

Lovers  of  Yvonne,  The,  25,  838 
Sabine,  Lorenzo: 

Life  of  Edward  Preble,  24,  11 13 
Sacred   Books   of   China,  The,   6,   327 
Saga  of  Jarl  the   Neatherd,  The,  25, 

880 
Saga  Time,   16,   349 
Sage,  William: 

Claybornes,  The,  25,  898 

Robert  Tournay,  25,  840 
Sagon,  Amyot: 

When    George   III   Was   King,   25, 
864 
Said  the   Fisherman,  25,  822 
St.  Bartholomew's  Eve,  25,  836 
St.  Cedd's  Cross,  25,  845 
St.    Clair   of  the    Isles,   25,   871 
St.   George   and   St.   Michael,   25,   855 
St.  George  for  England,  25,  849 
Saint-Hilaire,  Auguste  de: 

Precis  de  l'histoire  des  Revolutions 
du  Bresil,  21,  360 
St.  Ives,  25,  866 


1024 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


St.  James's,  25,  860 
St.  John,  Sir  Spenser: 
Hayti,  22,  518 

Rajah  Brooke,  the  Englishman,  as 
Ruler   of   an    Eastern    State,    20, 
405 
St.    Katherine's    by   the    Tower,    25, 

863 
St.  Leger,  S.  E.: 

War  Sketches  in  Color,  19,  326 
St.  Leon,  25,  833 

Saint  of  Dragon's  Dale,  The,  25,  882 
Saint-Simon,  Duke  of: 

Memoirs    of    the    Reign    of    Louis 
XIV  and  the  Regency,  9,  502 
Sajous: 

Histoire    des    Hongrois    et   de   leur 
litterature     politique     de     1790     a 
18 is,  17,  467 
Histoire     Generale     des     Hongrois, 
17,  466 
Salais,  Eugenia  Tur,  Countess: 

Shalonski   Family,  The,  25,  878 
Salathiel,    the    Immortal:    a    History, 

25,  823 
Sale,  George: 

Koran,   The,   Translated   into   Eng- 
lish, 1,  439 
Salem  Witchcraft,  24,  1108,  1109 
Sallust  (Caius  Sallustius  Crispus): 
Conspiracy     of     Catiline     and     the 
Jugurthine  War,  3,  399 
Sam      Lawson's      Oldtown      Fireside 

Stories,  25,  895 
Samarow,  G.: 

For  Sceptre  and  Crown,  25,  885 
Samuelson,  James: 

Greece:  Present  Condition  and  Re- 
cent  Progress,  2,  557 
Sanborn,  S.  B.: 
Life   and   Letters  of  John   Brown, 

24,  1113 
Sancta  Paula,  25,  827 
Sand,  George: 

Consuelo,  25,  829,  881 

Countess    of    Rudolstadt,    The,    25, 

829,  881 
Master   Mosaic   Workers,   The,   25, 

829 
Snow    Man,   The,   25,   881 
Sandeau,  Jules: 

Mile,  de  la  Seigliere,  25,  843 


Sandeman,  E.  F.: 

Eight    Months    in    an    Ox    Wagon, 
19,  326 
Sanderson,  Edgar: 

Africa   in   the   Nineteenth    Century, 

19,  323 
Sanderson,  John: 

Biography    of    the    Signers    of    the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  24, 
mi 
Sankey,  C: 

Spartan     and    Theban     Supremacy, 
The,  2,  557 
Sant  Tlario,  25,  830 
Santa- Anna-Mery,  Baron    J.  de: 
Le  pays  des  Amazone,  l'El  Dorado, 
les  terres  a  caoutchouc,  21,  360 
Santacilia,  Juan  y: 

Voyage  to  South  America,  20,  402 
Sapper,  C: 
Das  Nordliche  Mittel-Amerika,  22, 

517 
Mittelamerikanische      Reisen      und 
Studien  aus  den  Jahren   1888  bis 
1900,  22,  517 
Saracinesca,  25,  830 
Saragossa,   25,   833 
Sarchedon:     a     Tale     of     the     Great 

Queen,  25,  821 
Sargent,  H.  Garton: 

Woman  and  a  Creed,  A,  25,  876 
Sargent,  H.  H.: 

Campaign  of  Marengo,  The,  10,  510 
Napoleon    Bonaparte's    First    Cam- 
paign, 10,  510 
Sargent,  Winthrop: 

John  Andre,  24,  mi 
Sars,  J.  E.: 

Udsigt   over   den   Norske   Historie, 
16,  347 
Sarzec,  Gustave  Charles  Ernest  Choc- 
quin  de: 

Decouvertes  en  Chaldee,  1,  435 
Saunders,  John: 

Noble   Wife,   A,   25,   852 
Saussure,  L.  de: 

Psychologie      de      la      colonisation 
Francaise  dans  ses  rapports  avec 
les  societes   indigenes,   19,  324 
Sawyer,  Frederick  H.: 

Inhabitants  of  the  Philippines,  The, 

20,  411 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1025 


Sawyer,  Josephine  C: 

Every  Inch  a  King,  25,  850 
Saxo-Grammaticus : 
First    Nine    Books    of    the    Danish 
History,  16,  347 
Say,  Leon: 

Turgot,  9,  409 
Sayce,  Archibald  .Henry: 
Assyria:    its    Princes,    Priests,    and 

People,  1,  435 
Babylonians    and    Assyrians:     Life 

and   Customs,  I,  435 
Fresh  Light  from  the  Ancient  Mon- 
uments, 1,  43s 
Races    of    the    Old    Testament,    I, 

435 

Records  of  the  Past;  being  Eng- 
lish Translations  of  the  Assyrian 
and  Egyptian  Monuments,  1,  433 

Social    Life    among   the    Assyrians, 

I,  435 

Scandinavia,   16,  345 
Scarlet   Banner,   The,   25,  827 
Scarlet  Coat,  The,  25,  894 
Scarlet  Judges,  The,  25,  876 
Scarlet   Letter,  The,   25,  891 
Schafer,  Arnold: 

Geschichte        des        siebenjahrigen 
Krieg,  18,  458 
Scharf,  J.  F.: 

History   of   Maryland,    24,    1 109 

History   of  the   Confederate   States 
Navy,  24,  1 1 14 
Schefer,  Charles: 

Les    Etats    Scandinaves    de    1815   a 
1847;   de   1848  a   1870;   de   1870  a 
nos  jours,  16,  347 
Scheffel,  Johann  Victor  von: 

Ekkehard,  25,  882 
Schiess,  W.: 

Quer   durch   Mexico,  22,   517 
Schiller,  Johann  Christoph  Friedrich 

von: 

Revolt  of  the  Netherlands,  13,  599 
Schimmel,  Hendrik  Jan: 

Lifeguardsman,  The,  25,  859 
Schimmer,  Karl: 

Two  Sieges  of  Vienna,  The,  14,  515 
Schleimann's   Excavations,  2,  559 
Schlumann,  Heinrich: 

Ancient  Mycene,  2,  559 

Ilios,  2,  559 

Troja,  2,  559 


Schmidt,  Rochus: 
Deutschlands  Kolonien,  19,  324,  20, 
410 
Schmitz,  Leonard: 

History  of  Rome,  3,  399 
Scholar  of  Lindisfarne,  A,  25,  845 
School  for  Saints,  The,  25,  834 
Schoolcraft,  Henry  Rowe: 

American  Indians,  24,   1107 
Schouler,  James: 

History  of  the   United    States,   24, 

1 105 
Thomas  Jefferson,  24,  nil 
Schrader,   Eberhard: 

Die    Keilinschriften    und    das    alte 

Testament,  1,  435 
Keilinschriftliche  Bibliothek,  1,  435 
Schrader,  O.: 

Reallexikon   der   indo-germanischen 
altertumskunde,    grundzuge    einer 
Kultur   und  volkergeschichte   Al- 
teuropas,  5,  400 
Schreiner,  Olive: 

Trooper  Peter  Halket  of  Mashona- 
land,  25,  885 
Schroeder,  O.: 

Republic  of  Mexico,  22,  517 
Schubert,  R.: 

Geschichte  der  Kdnige  von  Lydien, 

1,  437 
Schuchhardt,  Carl: 

Schuchhardt,   Carl,  2,  559 
Schurer,  Emil: 

Geschichte  der  jiidischen  Volkes  in 
Zeitalter  Jesu   Christi,   1,  440 
Schurz,  Carl: 

Life  of  Clay,  24,  n  12 

Militarism  and  Democracy,  25,  411 
Schuyler  and  MacGahan: 

Turkish  Atrocities  in  Bulgaria,  14, 

515 
Schuyler,  Eugene: 

Peter  the  Great,  15,  389 
Schwab,  J.  C: 

Financial    History    of    the    Confed- 
eracy, 24,    1 1 13 
Schweinfurth,  Georg  August: 

Heart  of  Africa,   19,  326 
Scidmore,  Eliza  Ruhamah: 

China,  The  Long-Lived  Empire,  6, 
329 
Sciout,  L.: 
Le  Directoire,  10,  508 


1026 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Scollard,  Clinton: 

Cloistering  of  Ursula,  The,  25,  828 
Man-at-Arms,   A,   25,  828 

Scotch-Irish    in    America,    The,    34, 
1 106 

Scotland   (Mackenzie),   12,  382 

Scotland   (Tyler),  12,  382 

Scotland   before    1700   from    Contem- 
porary Documents,   12,   382 

Scotland  in  the  Middle  Ages,  12,  382 

Scotland  under  Her  Early  Kings,  12, 
382 

Scott,  E.  G.: 

Reconstruction     During    the     Civil 
War   in    the    United    States,    24, 

1113 
Scott,  E.  J.: 

Portraitures  of  Julius  Caesar,  3,  401 
Scott,  Florence,  and  Hodge,  Alma: 

Round  Tower,  The,  25,  870 
Scott,  J.  C: 

Burman,  The,  his  Life  and  Notions, 
5,  400 
Scott,  S.  P.: 

History  of  the  Moorish  Empire  in 
Europe,  8,  548 
Scott,  Sir  Walter: 

Abbot,  The,  25,  872 

Anne    of    Geierstein,    25,    835,    877, 
883 

Antiquary,  The,  25,  875 

Betrothed,  The,  25,  847,  868 

Black  Dwarf,  The,  25,  873 

Bride    of    Lammermoor,    The,    25, 

873 
Castle   Dangerous,   25,   871 
Count  Robert  of  Paris,  25,  847,  879 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth,  The,  25,  871 
Fortunes  of  Nigel,  The,  25,  854 
Heart  of  Midlothian,  The,  25,  874 
Ivanhoe,    25,    847 
Kenilworth,   25,   853 
Legend  of  Montrose,  The,  25,  873 
Monastery,    The,   25,   872 
Old  Mortality,  25,  873 
Peveril  of  the   Peak,   25,  858 
Pirate,   The,  25,   873 
Quentin   Durward,  25,  835 
Redgauntlet,  25,  874 
Rob  Roy,  25,  861,  873 
Surgeon's   Daughter,   The,   25,   831, 

875 
Waverly,  25,  874 


Woodstock;   or,   The   Cavalier,   25, 
857 
Scottish  Cavalier,  The,  25,  873 
Scottish  Chiefs,  The,  25,  871 
Scourge  of  God,  The,  25,  839 
Scouting  for  Washington,  25,  894 
Scrambles   amongst    the    Alps,    1860- 

1869,   13,  560 
Scritti  Politici  e  Letterarie,  preceduti 

da  uno  studio  sull'autore  di  M.  Ta- 

barrini,  4,  421 
Scudder,  Horace  Elisha: 

American  Commonwealth,  24,   1104 
Seats  of  the  Mighty,  The,  25,  887 
Seawell,  Molly  Elliot: 

Decatur  and  Somers,  25,  896 

Fortunes  of  Fifi,  The,  25,  841 

Francezka,  25,  839 

Little  Jarvis,  25,  895 

Lively  Adventures  of  Gavin  Ham- 
ilton, The,  25,  884 

Midshipman    Paulding,   25,   896 

Rock  of  the  Lion,  The,  25,  863 

Throckmorton,   25,  899 
Secession  and  Reconstruction  of  Ten- 
nessee, The,  24,  1 1 14 
Second    Punic    War:    being    Chapters 

in  the  History  of  Rome,  The,  3,  400 
Second  to  None,  25,  863 
Second  War  with   England,   24,   11 12 
Secret  of  Narcisse,  The,  25,  837 
Secret    Service    of    the    Confederate 

States  in  Europe,  or  How  the  Con- 
federate   Cruisers    Were    Equipped, 

24,  1 1 14 
Seed  Time  and  Harvest,  25,  885 
Seeley,  Edith: 

Under    Cheddar    Cliffs,    a    Hundred 
Years  Ago,  25,  864 
Seeley,  Sir  John  Robert: 

Expansion  of  England,  11,  649,  20, 
405,  24,  1 106 

Growth  of  British  Policy,  11,  649 

Life  and  Times  of  Stein;  or  Ger- 
many and  Prussia  in  the  Napo- 
leonic Age,  18,  458 

Short     History    of     Napoleon     the 
First,  A,  9,  499 
Seeley,  R.: 

Hammer,  The,  25,  822 
Seere,  P.: 

Les  Marines  de  guerre  de  l'an- 
tiquite  et  du  moyen  age,  I,  436 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1027 


Seeta,  25,  832 
Seething  Days,  25,  852 
Seignobos,  Charles: 

Political    History   of   Europe    since 
1814,  9,  499,  13,  599,  18,  459 

Political   History   of   Contemporary 
Europe,  8,  548,  16,  347 
Selby,  Thomas  G.: 

As  the  Chinese  See  Us,  6,  329 
Select  Orations  of  Cicero,  3,  399 
Selection   from  the  Letters   and   Dis- 
patches of  the   First   Napoleon,  A, 

9,  500 
Seler,  E.: 

Auf    alten    wegen    in    Mexico    und 
Guatemala,  22,  517 
Seligman,  Edwin  R. : 

French  Colonial  Fiscal  System,  20, 

397 
Sellers,  Coleman: 

Oporto,  Old  and  New,  8,  550 
Selous,  Frederick  Courtenay: 

Travels    and    Adventures    in    South 
East  Africa,   19,  327 
Semitische   Volker   und   Sprachen,    1, 

434 
Senior,  Nassau  William: 

Conversations   with   M.   Thiers,    M. 
Guizot,    and    other    Distinguished 
Persons,   9,  502 
Journals  Kept  in  France  and   Italy 
from   1848  to  1852,  9,  502 
Sentimental    Education,  The,   25,  843 
Serapis,  25,   821 
Serf,  The,  25,  847 
Sergent,  L.: 

Greece   in  the  Nineteenth   Century, 
2,  557 
Serpa-Pinto,     Alexander     Albert     da 
Rocha: 

How    I    Crossed    Africa,    from    the 
Atlantic  to  the  Indian  Ocean,  19, 
326 
Servants  of  Sin,  25,  839 
Set  of  Rogues,  A,  25,  858 
Settlement    of    the     Jews    in     North 

America,  I,  439 
Settlers  at  Home,  The,  25,  856 
Sevastopol,  25,  867 
Seven  Decades  of  the  Union,  24,  1112 
Seven  Roman  Statesmen  of  the  Later 
Republic,  3,  401 


Seven  Spanish  Cities  and  the  Way  to 

Them,  8,  550 
Seven  Weeks'  War,  The,  18,  457 
Seventh     Great    Oriental     Monarchy; 

or,    the    Geography,    History,    and 

Antiquities     of     the     Sassanian     or 

New  Persian   Empire,  The,   1,  438, 

5,  402 
Severance,  F.  H.: 

Old  Trails  on  the  Niagara  Frontier, 
24,  1 109 
Sewall,   Samuel,   and   the    World    He 

Lived  In,  24,  11 10 
Sewall,    Samuel    E.,    a    Memoir,    24, 

1110 
Seward,  William  Henry,  24,  n  13 
Sforza,  25,  829 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,  The,  25,  857 
Shadow  of  a  Throne,  The,  25,  841 
Shadow  of  the  Sword,  The,  25,  843 
Shadow  of  Victory,  The,  25,  896 
Shadowings,  7,  332 
Shaler,  Nathaniel  Southgate: 

Nature    and    Man    in    America,    24, 
1 107 
Shalonski  Family,  The,  25,  878 
Sharpless,  Isaac: 

History  of  Quaker  Government  in 
Pennsylvania,  24,  1109 
Shaven  Crown,  The,  25,  845 
Shaw,  Adele  Marie: 

Coast  of  Freedom,  The,  25,  891 
Shaw,  W.  A.: 

English   Church   during   the   Refor- 
mation,  The,   24,   1 106 
She  That  Hesitates,  25,  878 
Sheahan,  J.  W.: 

Life    of    Stephen    A.    Douglas,    24, 
1112 
Sheep   Stealers,   The,  25,   868 
Shelley,  Mary: 

Perkin  Warbeck,  25,  851 

Valperga,   25,  828 
Shepard,  E.  M.: 

Life  of  Van  Buren,  24,  1112 
Shepherd,  W.  R.: 

History  of  Proprietary  Government 
in   Pennsylvania,   24,   1108 
Sheppard,  Alfred  Tresidder: 

Red   Cravat,  The,  25,  884 
Sheridan,  Philip  Henry: 

Memoirs,  24,  11 14 


1028 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Sherman,  John: 

Recollections  of  Forty  Years  in  the 
House,    Senate   and    Cabinet,   24, 
1 1 14 
Sherman,  W.  T.: 

Memoirs,  24,    1114 
Sherring,  M.  A.: 

Hindu  Tribes  and  Castes,  5,  400 
She-Wolves   of   Machecoul,   The,   35, 

843 
Shields,  J.  D.: 

Life   and   Times  of  S.   S.   Prentiss, 

24,  "13 
Shipley,  Mary  E.: 

Like  a  Rasen  Fiddler,  25,  852 
Shirley,  25,  865 

Shoes  of  Fortune,  The,  25,  874 
Short,  John  T.: 

North     Americans     of     Antiquity, 
The,    Their    Original    Migrations 
and  Type  of  Civilization  Consid- 
ered, 22,  517 
Short  Account  of  the  Land  Revenue 
and    its    Administration    in    British 
India,   5,   394 
Short     History    of    British     Colonial 
Policy,  A,  19,  322,  20,  404,  24,  1 106, 
1 108 
Short    History    of    Germany,    A,    18, 

455 
Short  History  of  Ireland,  12,  381 
Short  History  of  Mexico,  22,  516 
Short  History  of  Napoleon  the  First, 

A,  9,  499,  10,  510 
Short  History  of  Spain,  A,  8,  546 
Short  History  of  the  Canadian  Peo- 
ple, A,  20,  407 
Short    History   of   the    Expansion   of 
the    British    Empire,    A,    1500-1870, 
19,   324,  20,  405 
Short  History  of  the  French  People, 

A,  9,  496 
Short  Life  of  Napoleon,  A,  9,  500 
Short  Outline  of  the  History  of  Aus- 
tria-Hungary,  17,   468 
Short  Stories  of  India,  5,  393 
Shorthouse,  Joseph  Henry: 

John  Inglesant,  25,  829,  856 
Shrewsbury,  25,  860 
Shrouded  Face,  The,  25,  868 
Shuckburgh,  E.  S.: 
Histories  of  Polybius,  The,  3,  399 


History  of  Rome  to  the   Battle  of 
Actium,  3,  400 

Letters  of  Cicero,  3,  399 
Shuckers,  J.  W.,  and  Hart,  A.  B.: 

Life  of  S.  P.  Chase,  24,  11 14 
Shut  In,  25,  876 
Sibree,  James: 

Great  African  Island,  The,  19,  327 

Madagascar  and  Its  People,  19,  327 
Sidgwick,  Charles: 

Story  of  Norway,   16,  347 
Sidonia  the  Sorceress,  25,  883 
Siebert,  W.  R.: 

Underground    Railroad    from    Slav- 
ery to   Freedom,   The,   24,    1106, 

1 1 12 

Siege  in  Peking,  The,  6,  326 
Siege  of  Lady  Resolute,  The,  25,  839 
Siege  of  Norwich  Castle,  25,  847 
Siege   of   Quebec   and   the    Battle  of 

the    Plains    of   Abraham,    The,    24, 

1 108 
Siege  of  York,  The,  25,  855 
Sienkiewicz,  Henryk: 

Deluge,   The,   25,   878 

Knights  of  the  Cross,  The,  25,  878 

Pan  Michael,  25,  878 

Quo  Vadis?  25,  826 

With  Fire  and  Sword,  25,  878 
Sievers,  Hahn  W.: 

Afrika,    Eine    Allgemeine    Landes- 
kunde,  19,  324 
Sign  of  the  Prophet,  The,  25,  896 
Sign  of  the   Spider,  The,  25,  885 
Signors  of  the  Night,  25,  829 
Silas  Marner,  25,  864 
Silas   Verney,  25,  857 
Silcote  of  Silcotes,  25,  830 
Silence;  and  other  Stories,  25,  892 
Silent  Places,  The,  25,  888 
Silk  and  Steel,  25,  855,  869 
Silva,  Pevina  de: 

Historia    do    Brazil    de    1831-1840, 
21,  360 
Silver  Cross,  The,  25,  837 
Silver  Key,  The,  25,  858 
Silver  Skull,  The,  25,  830 
Sime,  James: 

History  of  Germany,  18,  456 
Simms,  J.   R.: 

Frontiersmen    of    New    York,    24, 
1 108 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1029 


Simms,  William  Gilmore: 

Cassique   of   Kiawah,   The,   25,   891 

Eutaw,  25,  893 

Foragers,  The,  25,  893 

Katherine  Walton,  25,  893 

Life  of  Francis  Marion,  24,  11 11 

Mellichampe,  25,  893 

Partisan,  The,  25,  893 

Vasconcelos,  25,  890 

Yemassee,   The,   25,   892 
Simon  Dale,  25,  858 
Simon,  £.: 

Emperor   William    and    his    Reign, 

18,  459 
Simon,  Jules: 

Government  of  M.  Thiers  from  the 
8th  of  February,  1871,  to  the  24th 
of  May,  1873,  9,  502 
Simplified   Grammar   of  the  Japanese 

Language,  A,  7,  333 
Simpson,  Violet  A.: 

Bonnet   Conspirators,   The,   25,   866 
Singer  of  Marly,  The,  25,  839 
Singoalla:    a    Mediaeval    Legend,    25, 

880 
Sins  of  a  Saint,  The,  25,  846 
Sir  Bevill,  25,  855. 
Sir  Christopher,  25,  890 
Sir  Geoffrey  de  Skeffington,  25,  847 
Sir    Hector;    the    Story    of    a    Scots 

Gentleman,  25,  874 
Sir  Ludar,  25,  854,  868 
Sir  Michael  Scot,  25,  871 
Sir  Mortimer,  25,  853 
Sir  Ralph  Esher,  25,  858 
Sir   Thomas    Munro    and    the    British 

Settlement    of    the    Madras    Presi- 
dency, 5,  396 
Sir  Valdemar  the  Ganger,  25,  871 
Sismondi,   Jean   Charles   Leonard   Si- 

monde  le: 

Histoire    des     Republiques    Italien- 
nes,  4,  420 

Literature   of   Southern    Europe,   8, 

549 
Sister    Louise;    or,    The    Story    of    a 

Woman's   Repentance,  25,  838 
Sister  to  Evangeline,  A,  25,  887 
Sisters,  The,  25,  821 
Six   Centuries    of   Work    and   Wages, 

xi,   648 
Sixth  Great  Oriental  Monarchy,  The; 


or,  the  Geography,  History  and  An- 
tiquities of  Parthia,  1,  438,  5,  402 

Sizer,  Kate  T.: 

Wooing  of  Osyth,  The,  25,  845 

Skelton,  Sir  John: 
Queen  Mary's  Holdfast,  25,  872 

Skene,  William  Forbes: 
Celtic  Scotland,  12,  382 
Chronicle   of   Picts   and    Scots,    12, 
382 

Sketch  of  the  History  of  Israel  and 
Judah,  1,  441 

Sketch  of  the  History  of  South  Caro- 
lina, 24,  1 109 

Sketch  of  the  War  with  Tippoo  Sul- 
taun,  5,  398 

Sketches    and    Studies    in    South    Af- 
rica, 19,  326 

Sketches   from  Old   Virginia,  25,   899 

Sketches  in  Holland  and  Scandinavia, 
13,  598 

Sketches  of  Christian  Life  in  England 
in  the  Olden  Time,  25,  845 

Sketches  of  Travel  in  Greece  and 
Italy,  2,  558 

Skizze  der  Geschichte  und  Geog- 
raphic Arabiens  von  den  altesten 
Zeiten  bis  zum  Propheten  Muham- 
mad, 1,  438 

Skizzen  aus  der  Geschichte  Israels,  I, 
440 

Sladen,  Douglas: 

Admiral,  The,  25,  865 

Slafter,  C.  F.: 

Voyages  of  the  Northmen  to  North 
America,  24,  1108 

Slave  States  of  America,  24,   11 12 

Slavery  and   Anti-Slavery,   24,    n  12 

Slaves  of  the  Padishah,  The,  25,  881 

Sleeman,  Sir  William  Henry: 

Journey    through    the    Kingdom    of 
Oudh  in  1849  and  1850,  5,  400 

Sloane,  William  Milligan: 

French     Revolution    and    Religious 

Reform,    The,    9,   499 
French    War    and    the    Revolution, 

The,  24,   1110 
Life  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  9,  499, 
10,  510 

Smalilou,  25,  862 

Smalls,  W.: 

Ancient  City,  The,  3,  400 


1030 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Smith,  A.  D.: 
Historia  de  la  Revolucion  de  Mex- 
ico contra  la  dictadura  del   Gen- 
eral Santa   Anna,  22,  517 
Smith,  Albert: 

Marchioness    of    Brinvilliers,    The, 
25,  838 
Smith,  Arthur  Henderson: 
China  in  Convulsion,  6,  326 
Chinese    Characteristics,   6,   329 
Proverbs     and     Common     Sayings 

from  the  Chinese,  6,  327 
Rex  Christus,  6,  326 
Village  Life  in  China,  6,  329 
Smith,  E.  M.: 

Aneroestes  the  Gaul,  25,  825 
Smith,  Mrs.  Fowler: 
Journal   of   the   Lady   Beatrix   Gra- 
ham, 25,  873 
Smith,  Francis  Hopkinson: 

Well  Worn   Roads   of   Spain,   Hol- 
land and  Italy,  8,  550 
Smith,  G.: 

Annals  of  Indian  Administration,  5, 

393 
Conversion   of   India,   5,   394 
Twelve  Indian  Statesmen,  5,  394 
Smith,  George  Adam: 

Historical   Geography  of  the   Holy 
Land,  1,  441 
Smith,  Goldwin: 

History   of  the   United    States,    24, 

1 104 
Irish   History  and  Irish   Character, 

12,  381 
United   Kingdom,  The,   A   Political 
History,   ix,  649 
Smith,  Horace: 

Brambletye  House,  25,  857 
Smith,  J.  H.: 

Arnold's  March  from  Cambridge  to 
Quebec,  24,  1110 
Smith,  Kirby  Flower: 

Tale    of    Gyges    and    the    King    of 
Lydia,  1,  437 
Smith,  Minna  Caroline: 
Mary  Paget,  25,  886 
Smith,  Munroe: 

Bismarck   and    German    Unity,    18, 
459 
Smith,  R.  B.: 

Carthage  and  the  Carthagenians,  3, 
401 


Rome    and    Carthage:    The    Punic 
Wars,   3,  400 
Smith,  Richmond  Mays: 

Emigration     and     Immigration,     a 
Study  in   Social   Science,  20,  399 
Statesman's   Year   Book:  Statistical 
and     historical     annual     of     the 
states  of  the  world  for  the  years 
1864-1906,  20,  399 
Smith,  Samuel: 
History  of  the  Colony  of  New  Jer- 
sey, 24,  1 109 
Smith,  T.: 
Five   Years'   Residence   at    Nepaul, 
1841-1845,  5,  400 
Smith,  V.  A.: 

Early  History  of  India  from  600  B. 
C.    to     the     Mohammedan     Con- 
quest,  including  the    Invasion  of 
Alexander  the  Great,  5,  393 
Smith,  W.: 

History  of  Rome,  3,  399 
Smith,  W.  Anderson: 
Temperate     Chile:     a     Progressive 
Spain,  ax,  360 
Smith,  William: 

Dictionary  of  the  Bible,  I,  441 
History  of  New  York,  24,  1109 
Smith,  William  Robertson: 

Kinship  and  Marriage  in  Early  Ara- 
bia, 1,  439 
Old     Testament     in     the     Jewish 

Church,  The,   I,  441 
South    Carolina   as    a   Royal    Prov- 
ince, 24,  1 109 
Smith   Brunt,  25,  896 
Smucker,  S.  M.: 

Nicholas    I,    Life    and    Reign,    15, 

389 
Smuggler,  The,  25,  862 
Snaith,  John  Collis: 

Mistress   Dorothy  Marvin,   25,   859 

Patricia  at  the  Inn,  25,  857 
Snarleyyow;  or,  The  Dog  Fiend,  25, 

860 
Snorri,  Sturlasson: 

Heims  Kringla:  or  the  Sagas  of  the 
Norse  Kings,  16,  349 

Norges  Kongesagaer,  16,  349 
Snow,  Alpheus  H.: 

Administration      of     Dependencies, 
The,  20,  411 
Snow  Man,  The,  25,  881 


AUTHORS    AND   TITLES 


1031 


Snowden,  Keighley: 

Plunder  Pit,  The,  25,  867 
Soans,  R.  G.: 

John  Gilbert,  Yeoman,  25,  857 
Social  England,  II,  649 
Social    History    of    Ancient    Ireland, 

12,  381 
Social   Life  among  the   Assyrians,   1, 

435 
Social  Life  in  Greece,  2,  558 
Social  Life  of  the  Chinese,  6,  328 
Social  Switzerland,  13,  599 
Society  in  America,  24,  11 12 
Society  in  China,  6,  328 
Socin,  A.,  and  Gutschmid,  A.  von: 

Phoenicia,  1,  436 
Sohm,  R.: 

Institutes,  The:  a  Text-Book  of  the 
History    and    System    of    Roman 
Private  law,  3,  402 
Soldier  for  a  Day,  A,  25,  830 
Soldier  of  Manhattan,  A,  25,  877 
Soldier  of  Virginia,  A,  25,  892 
Soldier.  Rigdale,  25,  890 
Some  Account  of  Amyot  Brough,  25, 

877 

Some  Notes  on  Java  and  its  Admin- 
istration by  the  Dutch,  20,  409 

Son  of  ;Ella,  The,  25,  845 

Son  of  Issachar,  A,  25,  823 

San  of  the   Plains,  25,  899 

Son  of  the  Revolution,  A,  25,  895 

Song  of  a  Single  Note,  A,  25,  894 

Songs   and    Ballads    of   the   American 
Revolution,  24,  nil 

Sons    o'    Cormac,    The,    an'    Tales    of 
Other  Men's  Sons,  25,  868 

Sons  of  Adversity,  25,  853 

Sons   of   Freedom,   25,  878 

Sons  of  the  Sword:  a  Romance  of  the 
Peninsular  War,  25,  865 

Sorel,  Albert: 

La  Paix  de  Bale,  10,  508 
L'Autriche    et    le    comite    de    Salut 

public,  10,  508 
L'Europe  et  le  Directoire,  10,  508 
L'Europe    et     la     Revolution    fran- 
chise, 10,  508,  17,  467 
Montesquieu,  9,  499 

Soul  of  the  East,  7,  332 

Source  Book  of  the  German   Renais- 
sance, 18,  459 


Sources     of     the     Constitution,     24, 

1 106,  nil 
South  Africa,  19,  327 
South  Africa  from  Arab  Domination 

to  British  Rule,  19,  323 
South     America:     Social,     Industrial, 

and  Polititcal,  21,  361 
South  American  Republics,  21,  361 
South  Carolina  as  a  Royal   Province, 

24,  1 109 
South  Carolina  in  the  Revolution,  24, 

mo 
Southern    Quakers    and    Slavery,    24, 

1112 
Southern   Soldier   Stories,   25,   898 
Southern     States     of     the     American 

Union,  The,  24,  1106 
Southerners,   The,  25,  899 
Southey,  Robert: 

Chronicle  of  the  Cid,  8,  548 

History  of  Brazil,  20,  400 

John  Hawkins,  24,  n  10 
Southworth,  J.  R.: 

Mines  of  Mexico,  The,   22,  517 
Sowerby,  James: 

Forest     Cantons     of     Switzerland, 
The,   13,  600 
Spain,  8,  545 
Spain  and  Morocco:  Studies  in  Local 

Color,  8,  550 
Spain  and  Portugal,  8,  550 
Spain  and  the  Spaniards,  8,  550 
Spain,  Her  Institutions,  Politics,   and 

Public  Men,  8,  548 
Spain  in  America,  1450-1580,  20,  401, 

21,  357,  358 

Spain   in  the   Nineteenth   Century,   8, 

547 
Spain,  its  Greatness  and  Decay  (1479- 

1788),  8,  547 
Span  o'  Life,  The,  25,  887 
Spaniards  in  History,  The,  8,  547 
Spanish-American     Diplomatic     Rela- 
tions   Preceding   the   War   of    1898, 

22,  518 

Spanish  and  Portuguese  America 
and  the  West  Indies,  21,  357 

Spanish  and  Portuguese  America 
During  the  Colonial  Period,  20,  403 

Spanish  Brothers,  The,  25,  833 

Spanish  Cities,  with  Glimpses  of  Gi- 
braltar and  Tangier,  8,  550 


1032 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Spanish-Colonial       Architecture       in 

Mexico,  22,  515 
Spanish    Colonial    System,    The,    20, 

403,  21,  359,  24,  1107 
Spanish    Conquest   in    America,    The, 

20,  402,  24,  1 107 
Spanish  Conquest  in  Mexico,  22,  516 
Spanish  Conspiracy,  The,  24,  1111 
Spanish  Exploration  and  Settlements, 

«,  358 

Spanish    Highways    and    Byways,    8, 

550 
Spanish  John,  25,  874 
Spanish   Life   in  Town  and   Country, 

8,  550 
Spanish    Literature:    An    Elementary 

Hand-book,  8,  549 
Spanish  Match,  The,  25,  833 
Spanish  Peggy,  25,  896 
Spanish  People,  Their  Origin,  Growth 

and  Influence,  The,  8,  545 
Spanish  Poniard,  The,  25,  854 
Spanish    Revolution,    1868-1875,    The, 

8,  548 
Spanish  Settlements  within  the  Pres- 
ent   Limits    of    the    United    States, 

1513-1561,  The,  20,  402 
Spanish   Vistas,  8,  550 
Spanish  Wine,  The,  25,  868 
Sparks,  E.  E.: 

Expansion  of  the  American  People, 
24,   1 1 12 
Sparks,  Jared: 

Life  and   Treason  of  Benedict  Ar- 
nold,  24,   mi 

Life     of     Gouverneur    Morris,     24, 

1113 
Spartan  and  Theban  Supremacy,  The, 

3,  557 
Spears,  John  R.: 

History   of    Our    Navy,    1775-1797, 
24,  mi 
Spectre  of  Power,  A,  25,  892 
Spedding,  James: 

Account  of  the  Life  and  Times  of 
Francis  Bacon,  II,  649 
Spender,  A.  E.: 

Two  Winters  in  Norway,  16,  349 
Spender,  E.: 

Soldier  for  a  Day,  A,  25,  830 
Spender,   Harold: 

At  the  Sign  of  the  Guillotine,  25, 
841 


Spenser: 

View,   12,  381 
Spiegelberg,  W.: 

Der  aufenthalt  Israels  in  Aegypten 
im  Lichte  der  aegyptischen  Monu- 
mente,  1,  433 
Spielhagen,  Friedrich: 

Block   House  on  the   Prairie,   The, 

25,  891 
Breaking   of   the    Storm,    The,    25, 
885 
Spillan,  D.: 

History  of  Rome,  3,  399 
Spinoza,  25,  876 

Spirit  of  the  Nation,  The,  12,  382 
Spirit  of  the  Revolution,  The,  9,  499 
Spirit  of  the  Service,  The,  25,  900 
Splendid  Impostor,  25,  877 
Spendid  Knight,  The,  25,  853 
Splendid  Spur,  The,  25,  855 
Spoils  of  Empire,  The,  25,  889 
Springer,  A.: 

Geschichte    Oesterreichs    seit    dem 
Wiener  Frieden,  1809,  17,  467 
Springhaven,  25,  864 
Spruner,  Karl  von: 

Historisch-geographischer      Atlas 
des   Oesterreichischen  Staats,  17, 
466 
Spurs  and  Bride,  25,  848 
Spy,  The,  25,  894 
Staatengeschichte    der    Neusten    Zeit, 

17.  467 

Stables,  W.  Gordon: 

Chris  Cunningham,  25,  864 
'Twixt  Daydawn  and  Light,  25,  846 
Westward  with  Columbus,  25,  828, 
890 

Stade,  Bernhard: 
Die  Entstehung  des  Volkes  Israel, 

1,  441 
Geschichte  des  Volkes  Israel,  1,  441 

Stael,  Madame  de: 
Germany,  18,  459 

Standard  Bearer,  The,  25,  873 

Standish  of  Standish,  25,  890 

Stanford,  C.  T.: 

Rivers  of  Norway,  16,  349 

Stanhope,  Philip  Henry,  Earl: 

Forty-Five,    The,    or    Rebellion    in 

Scotland  of  1745,  12,  383 
History  of  England,   1701-1713,  24, 
1 106 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1033 


History  of  England,  comprising  the 
Reign    of   Anne    until   the    Peace 
of  Utrecht,  II,  649 
History  of  England  from  the  Peace 
of  Utrecht  to  the  Peace  of  Ver- 
sailles,  11,  649 
Life  of  William  Pitt,  II,  649 
Stanhope,  25,  855 
Stanley,  Arthur  Penrhyn: 
Lectures  on  the  History  of  the  Jew- 
ish Church,  1,  441 
Stanley,  Henry  M.: 
Africa;  its  Partition  and  Future,  19, 

324 
Congo,  The,  and  the   Founding  of 

the  Free  State,  19,  324 
How  I  found  Livingstone,  19,  327 
In    Darkest   Africa,    19,    324 
My    Dark    Companions    and    their 

Strange  Stories,  19,  327 
Thro'  the  Dark  Continent,   19,  327 
Stanton,  E.  M.,  24,  11 14 
Stanwood,  Edward: 

History     of     the     Presidency,     24, 
1  ios 
Star   Chamber,  The,   25,  854 
Starr,  Frederick: 

American  Indian,  The,  24,  1107 
First  Steps  in  Human  Progress,  24, 

1107 
Physical  Characters  of  the  Indians 
'  of  Southern  Mexico,  22,  517 
Readings     from     Modern     Mexican 
Authors,  22,  517 
Starvecrow   Farm,   25,  866 
States   of   the   River   Plate,   The,   21, 

359 
Statesman's  Year   Book,  17,  468,  20, 

399 
Statesmen   of  the    Commonwealth   of 

England,  The,  II,  646 
Statistical    Abstract    for    the    Several 

Colonial  and  Other  Possessions  of 

the  United  Kingdom,  20,  404 
Statistical    Record    of   the    Armies    of 

the  United  States,  24,  1113 
Statistical  Survey  of  British  India,  5, 

395 
Stead,  Alfred: 

Japan  by  the  Japanese:  A  Survey 
by  the  Highest  Authorities,  7, 
332 


Stead,  R.,  and  Hug,  L.: 

Switzerland,  13,  600 
Steadfast,  25,  891 
Stedman,  Charles: 

History  of  the   Rise,   Progress  and 
Termination     of     the     American 
War,  24,   1 1 10 
Steel,  Flora  Anna: 

On  the  Face  of  the  Waters,  25,  832 
Steele: 

Life  and  Times  of  William  Brew- 
ster, 24,  1 1 10 
Steele,  A.: 

Summary  of  the  Law  and  Customs 
of     Hindoo     Castes,     within     the 
Dekhun  Provinces,  5,  400 
Steevens,   George   C.  Warrington: 
Egypt  in  1898,  19,  324 
With    Kitchener    to    Khartum,    19, 
324 
Steiner,  B.  C: 

Western   Maryland   in   the    Revolu- 
tion,  24,    1 1 10 
Steiner,  Bernard: 

Beginnings    of    Maryland,    24,    1109 
Stengel,  K.  Freiherr  von: 

Die   Rechsverhaltnisse  der  deutsch- 
en   Schutzgebiete,   19,  324 
Stephen,  Leslie: 

Playground    of    Europe,    The,    13, 
600 
Stephen,  a  Soldier  of  the   Cross,  25, 

823 
Stephen  Kyrle,  25,  888 
Stephens,  Alexander  H.: 

War   Between   the   States,   24,   11 13 
Stephens,  Alexander   H.,   Life  of,   24, 

1 1 14 
Stephens,  George: 

Northern     Runic     Monuments,     16, 

349 
Stephens,  H.  Morse: 
Albuquerque,  5,  400 
History  of  the  French   Revolution, 

9,  499,  10,  507 
Revolution    and    Europe,    The,    10, 

507 
Revolutionary  Europe,  9,  499 
Old    Norse    Fairy    Tales    gathered 

from  the  Swedish  Folk,  16,  349 
Stephens,  Robert  Neilson: 
Captain  Ravenshaw,  25,  854 


1034 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Enemy  to  the  King,  An,  25,  837 
•Gentleman   Player,  A,  25,  854 
Philip   Winwood,   25,  894 
Road  to  Paris,  The,  25,  892 
Stephens,  William  Richard  Wood: 
History  of  the  English  Church,  II, 
649 
Stephenson,  Nathaniel: 

They  that  Took  the  Sword,  25,  897 
Stepniak: 

Russian  Peasantry,  15,  389 
Underground   Russia,  15,  389 
Steuart,   Catherine: 

By  Allan  Water,  25,  874 
Steuart,  John  A.: 

Eternal  Quest,  The,  25,  886 
Red  Reaper,  The,  25,  873 
Stevens,  A.  de  Grasse: 
Old  Boston,  25,  893 
Stevens,  C.  E.: 
Sources    of    the    Constitution,    24, 
1106,  IIII 
Stevens,  J.  L.: 
History  of  Gustavus  Adolphus  and 
his  Time,  16,  347 
Stevens,  Sheppard: 

In  the  Eagle's  Talon,  25,  895 
Sword  of  Justice,  The,  25,  890 
Stevens,  Thaddeus,  24,   11 14 
Stevens,  William  Bacon: 

History  of  Georgia,  24,  1109 
Stevenson,  Burton  Egbert: 
Heritage,  The,  25,  894 
Soldier  of  Virginia,  A,  25,  892 
Stevenson,  Edward  Luther: 

Maps,  Illustrating  Early  Discovery 
and     Exploration      in      America, 
1502-1530,  21,  358 
Stevenson,  Philip  L.: 

Gendarme  of  the  King,  A,  25,  884 
Stevenson,  Robert  Louis: 
Black  Arrow,  The,  25,  850 
Catriona,  25,  874 
David  Balfour,  25,  874 
Kidnapped,  25,  874 
Master  of  Ballantrae,  25,  874 
St.  Ives,  25,  866 
Treasure   Island,  25,  862 
Weir  of  Hermiston,  25,  875 
Stevenson,   Sarah  Yorke: 
Maximilian  in  Mexico,  22,  517 


Stewart,  C: 

History   of   Bengal    from    the    first 
Mohammedan   Invasion   until  the 
virtual  Conquest  of  that  Country 
by  the  English,  5,  400 
Stille,  Charles  Janeway: 

History  of  the  United  States  Sani- 
tary Commission,  24,  n  14 
Life  and  Times  of  John  Dickinson, 

1732-1808,  24,  1 1 13 
Major     General    Anthony     Wayne, 

24,  mi 
Pennsylvania  Line  in  the  Continen- 
tal Army,  The,  24,  n  n 
Stillman,  W.  J.: 

Union  of  Italy,  4,  422 
Stimson,  F.  J.: 

King  Noanett,  25,  891 
Stirling-Maxwell,  Sir  William: 
Annals   of  the  Artists  of  Spain,  8, 

549 
Cloister     Life     of     the      Emperor 

Charles  V,  18,  459 
Don  John  of  Austria,  18,  459 
Stirrup   Cup,  The,   25,  893 
Stith,  William: 

History  of  Virginia,  24,  1109 
Stoddard,  Charles  Augustus: 

Spanish    Cities,    with    Glimpses    of 
Gibraltar  and  Tangier,  8,  550 
Stoddard,  W.  O.: 

Errand    Boy    of    Andrew    Jackson, 

The,  25,  896 
Guert  Ten  Eyck,  25,  894 
With  the  Black  Prince,  25,  849 
Stokes,  G.  F.: 
Ireland  and  the  Celtic  Church,  12, 
38i 
Stokes,  Whitley: 

Anglo-Indian  Codes,  5,  394 
Stolen   Emperor,  The,   25,  832 
Stone,  F.  D.: 

Invasion  of  Canada  in  1775,  24,  n  10 
Stone,  William  Lecti: 

Campaign  of  Burgoyne  and  the  Ex- 
pedition of  St.  Leger,  24,  n  10 
Life  and  Times  of  Sa-go-ye-u-at-ha, 

or  Red  Jacket,  24,  n  13 
Life  of  Joseph  Brant,  24,  nil 
Stone  of  Dunalter,  The,  25,  874 
Stonewall's  Scout,  25,  898 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


10S5 


Storey,    M  o  orfield : 

Life  of   Charles    Sumner,   24,    11 12, 
1 1 14 
Storia  Politica  d'  Italia,  4,  419 
Stories,   25,   878 
Stories     of     Charlemagne     and     the 

Twelve  Peers  of  France,  25,  834 
Stories   of  Naples   and   the   Camorra, 

25,  830 
Stories  of  the  Old  Dominion,  25,  892 
Stories  of  the  Wars,  25,  854 
Stories  of  Waterloo,  25,  866 
Storm  Bird,  The,  25,  882 
Storm  Rent  Sky,  A,  25,  841 
Stormy  Life,  A,  25,  851 
Story,  A.  T.: 

Swiss   Life   in   Town   and    Country, 
13,  600 
Story,  William  Wetmore: 

Life    and    Times    of    Joseph    Story, 

24,   1113 
Story  of  a  Peasant,  The,  25,  840 
Story  of  a  Scout,  The,  25,  833,  865 
Story    of    Africa    and    its    Explorers, 

The,    19,  321 
Story  of  Antonio,  The,  25,  827 
Story  of  Canada,  The,  30,  407 
Story  of  Carthage,  The,  3,  400 
Story  of  Cawnpore,  5,  400 
Story  of  Fort  Sumter,  The,  24,   11 13 
Story  of  Francis  Cludde,  The,  25,  852 
Story  of  Germany,  The,  18,  455 
Story  of  Greece,  The,  2,  556 
Story  of  Mexico,  The,  22,  516 
Story  of  Norway,  The,  ib,  345,  347 
Story  of  Old  Fort  London,  The,  25, 

892 
Story  of  Persia,  The,  1,  437,  5,  401 
Story  of  the  Boers,  The,  19,  322 
Story  of  the  Christians  and  Moors  in 

Spain,  The,  8,  548 
Story  of  the  Civil  War,  24,  1105,  11 13 
Story  of  the  Congo  Free  State,  The, 

19,  324 

Story  of  the  Indian,  24,  1107 
Story  of  the  Irish  Nation,  12,  381 
Story  of  the  Moors  in  Spain,  8,  547 
Story  of  the  Nations,  15,  390,  20,  407 
Story  of  the  Odyssey,  The,  25,  824 
Story  of  the  Plebiscite,  25,  843 
Story    of    the    Revolution,    The,    24, 
1110 


Story  of  Tonty,  The,  35,  887 
Story  of  Turkey,  The,  14,  513 
Story  of  West  Africa,  The,  19,  323 
Stout  English  Bowman,  A,  25,  848 
Stovall,  P.  A.: 

Robert  Toombs,  Statesman,  Speak- 
er, Soldier,  Sage,  24,  11 14 
Stowe,  Harriet  Beecher: 
Agnes  of  Sorrento,  25,  828 
Minister's  Wooing,  The,  25,  895 
Oldtown   Folks,   25,   895 
Sam    Lawson's    Oldtown     Fireside 

Stories,  25,  895 
Uncle  Tom's  Cabin,  25,  897 
Strachan-Davidson,  J.  L. : 

Cicero  and  the   Fall  of  the  Roman 
Republic,  3,  401 
Strachey,  Sir  J.: 

India,  its  Administration  and  Prog- 
ress, 5,  394 
Strada,  Famian: 

History      of      the      Low      Country 
Warres,  13,  599 
Strain,  Euphans  H.: 

Man's  Foes,  A,  25,  869 
Strained    Allegiance,   25,    861 
Strang,  Herbert: 

Adventures     of     Harry     Rochester, 

The,  25,  860 
Boys  of  the  Light  Brigade,  25,  865 
Brown  of  Mukden:  a  Story  of  the 
Russo-Japanese    War,   25,   833 
Strange    Adventures    of    Israel    Pen- 
dray,  The,  25,  863 
Stratemey er,   Edward : 
With  Washington  in  the  West,  25, 
892 
Strauss,  F.  A.: 

Glory  of  the  House  of  Israel,  The, 

25,  822 
Helen's    Pilgrimage    to    Jerusalem, 
25,  822 
Stray   Pearls,  25,  838 
Stretton,  Hesba: 

Max  Kromer,  25,  844 
Stretton,  25,  832 
String    of    Chinese    Peach-stones,    A, 

6,  327 
Strobel,  Edward  Henry: 

Spanish    Revolution,     1868-1875,    8, 
548 
Strong  Arm,  The,  25,  882 


1036 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Struggle  between   President   Johnson 

and  Congress  over  Reconstruction, 

The,  24,  1 1 14 
Struggle   for   a    Continent,   The,    20, 

409 
Struggle  for  Persia,  The,  5,  402 
Struggle  for  Rome,  A,  25,  827 
Strype,  John: 

Annals  of  the  Reformation,  11,  649 
Stuart,  Donald: 

Struggle  for  Persia,  5,  402 
Stubbes,  William: 

Constitutional  History  of  England 
in  its  Origin  and  Development, 
11,  649 

Early  Plantagenets,   1 1,  649 
Student's     History     of     the     United 

States,  24,  1 104 
Student's    Manual    of    Irish    History, 

12,  381 
Studien     zur     semitischen     Religions- 

geschichte,   1,  436 
Studies    and    Sketches    in    Italy    and 

Greece,  2,  559 
Studies  in  History  and  Jurisprudence, 

20,  405 
Studies  in   Homer  and   the   Homeric 

Age,  2,  558 
Studies  in  Napoleoaic  Statesmanship, 

10,  509,  18,  457 
Study  of  Mexico,  A,  22,  517 
Sturlunga  Saga,  16,  349 
Sudermann,    Hermann: 

Regina,  25,  884 
Sully,  Duke  of: 

Memoirs,  9,  502 

Table   Talk    and    Opinions   of    Na- 
poleon Bonaparte,  9,  502 
Sultan    and    His    Subjects,    The,    14, 

514 
Sumario    de    las    Antigiiedades     Ro- 

manas  en  Espafia,  8,  549 
Summary  of  the  Law  and  Custom  of 

Hindoo   Castes  within   the   Dekhun 

Provinces,  5,  400 
Sumner,  William  Graham: 

Financier  and  the  Finances  of  the 
American  Revolution,  The,  24, 
mi 

Life  of  Jackson,  24,  11 12 

Robert   Morris,  24,   n  n 
Sun  of  Saratoga,  The,  25,  894 


Supplementary  Dispatches  and  Mem- 
oranda,  17,  467 

Surgeon's    Daughter,    The,    25,    831, 
875 

Surra,  J.: 
Mexico:   Its   Social    Evolution,   22, 

517 
Surry  of  Eagle's  Nest,  25,  892,  898 
Survey  of  Greek  Civilization,  2,  558 
Sutcliffe,  Halliwell: 

Mistress   Barbara    Cunliffe,   25,   867 

Ricroft  of  Withens,  25,  862,  874 

Willowdene  Will,  25,  874 
Suttner,  Baroness  von: 

Lay  Down  Your  Arms,  25,  884 
Suzette,  25,  897 
Sveriges   Historia  fran  aldsta  yid  till 

vara  Dagar,  16,  346 
Swallow,  25,  885 
Swan,  Annie  S.: 

Adam  Hepburn's  Vow,  25,  873 
Sweden  and  the  Swedes,  16,  349 
Sweden    for    Peace;    the    Programme 

of  Sweden  in  the  Union  Crisis,  16, 

346 
Swedish  Life  in  Town  and   Country, 

16,  348 
Swedish     Norwegian     Union     Crisis, 

The,  16,  346 
Swedish    Revolution    under    Gustavus 

Vasa,  The,  16,  347 
Sweet  Dol  of  Haddon  Hall,  25,  853 
Swift,  Jonathan: 

Irish  Tracts,  12,  382 
Swiss  Confederation,  The,  13,  599 
Swiss  Life  in  Town  and  Country,  13, 

560 
Swiss  Republic,  The,  13,  560 
Switzerland,   13,   560 
Sword  and  Assegai,  25,  885 
Sword  of  Azrael,  The,  25,  832 
Sword  of  Gideon,  The,  25,  877 
Sword  of  Justice,  The,  25,  890 
Sword  of  the  King,  The,  25,  859 
Sword  of  the  Old  Frontier,  A,  25,  892 
Sybel,  Heinrich  von: 

Founding   of   the    German    Empire, 
18,  459 

Geschichte  der  Revolutionszeit  von 
1 789- 1 800,   17,  467 

History  of  the   French   Revolution, 
9,  499,  10,  507 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1037 


Sylvandire,  25,  839 
Sylvia's  Lovers,  25,  865 
Symonds,  John  Addington: 

History  of  Renaissance  in  Italy,  4, 

421 
Studies  and  Sketches  in   Italy  and 
Greece,   2,    559 
Symonds,  W.  S.: 

Malvern  Chase,  25,  851 


Table  Talk  and  Opinions  of  Napoleon 

Bonaparte,  9,  502 
Taeping  Rebellion,  The,  6,  325 
Taine,  Hippolyte  Adolphe: 

Ancient  Regime,  The,  10,  508 

French  Revolution,  The,  9,  500,  10, 
507 

Les  origines  de  la  France  contem- 
poraine,  'La  regime  moderne',  10, 
5 10 
Taken  by  Assault,   25,  886 
Taken  from  the  Enemy,  25,  866 
Tale  of  Gyges  and  the  King  of  Lydia, 

The,  1,  437 
Tale  of  Two  Cities,  A,  25,  840 
Tales   from  the   Isles  of   Greece,   25, 

824 
Tales   of   Early  Australian  Days,  25, 

888 
Tales  of  the  Caliph,  25,  822 
Tales  of  the  Isle  of  Death,  25,  888 
Talleyrand- Perigord,  Charles  Maurice 

de: 

Memoir,  9,  502,  10,  510 
Tanganyika  Problem,  The,  19,  326 
Tanglewood   Tales,   25,   824 
Tangueray,  Bertram: 

Royal   Quaker,  The,  25,  862 
Tangweera,  22,  515 
Tara,  25,  831 
Taras  Bulba,  25,  877 
Tarbell,  Frank  Bigelow: 

History  of  Greek  Art,  2,  559 
Tarbell,  Ida  M.: 

Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  24,  1114 

Madame  Roland,  9,  500 

Napoleon's  Addresses,  9,  502 

Short  Life  of  Napoleon,  9,  500 
Tarbox,  I.  N.: 

Life  of  Israel  Putnam,  24,  11 11 


Tariff  History  of  the  United   States, 

24,  1 105 
Tarring,  Charles  James: 

Chapters   on   the   Law   Relating   to 
the   Colonies,  20,  405 
Taussig,   Francis  William: 

Tariff  History  of  the  United  States, 
24,  1 105 
Tautphceus,  Baroness: 

At  Odds,  25,  882,  884 
Taylor,  General,  24,  11 13 
Taylor,  George: 

Antinous,  25,  826 

Jetta,  25,  882 
Taylor,  H.  C.  Chatfield: 

Crimson  Wing,  The,  25,  844 
Taylor,  Mary  Imlay: 

House  of  the  Wizard,  The,  25,  852 

Imperial  Lover,  An,  25,  878 

On  the  Red  Staircase,  25,  877 

Rebellion  of  the  Princess,  The,  25, 

877 
Taylor,  Meadows: 

Chinese  and  Their  Rebellions,  The, 
6,  326 

Confessions  of  a  Thug,  25,  831 

Noble  Queen,  A,  25,  830 

Ralph  Darnell,  25,  831 

Seeta,  25,  832 

Tara,  25,  831 

Tippoo  Sultaun,  25,  831 
Taylor,  Richard: 

Destruction      and      Reconstruction, 

24,  11 13 
Teit,  J.  A.: 

Thompson  River  Indians,  The,  24, 
1 107 
Teloni,  B.: 

Letteratura  Assira,  1,  435 
Temperate      Chile:      a      Progressive 

Spain,  21,  360 
Temple,  G.: 

Glossary  of  Indian  Terms  relat- 
ing to  Religion,  Customs,  Gov- 
ernment, Land,  and  Other  Terms 
and   Words   in   Common   Use,   5, 

394 
Temple,  Sir  Richard: 

Bird's-Eye     View     of     Picturesque 

India,  5,  395 
Progress  of  India,  Japan,  and  China 

in  the  Nineteenth  Century,  6,  326 


1038 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Temple,  Sir  William: 

Letters,  13,  599 
Ten-Brook,  Andrew: 

History  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War, 

18,  457 
Ten    Great    Religions:    An    Essay    in 

Comparative  Theology,  6,  327 
Terneaux,   Mortimer: 

Histoire     de     la     Terreur,     d'apres 
Documents    authentiques    et    ine- 
dits,  10,  508 
Terrible  Czar,  The,  25,  877 
Terrible  Times,  25,  832 
Territorial     Growth     of    the     United 

States,  20,  411 
Terror,  The,  25,  840 
Teuffel,  Wilhelm  Sigismund: 

History    of    Roman    Literature,    3, 
402 
Texas  and  the  Texans,  24,  11 12 
Thackeray,  Anne: 

Miss  Angel,  25,  863 
Thackeray,    William    Makepeace : 

Denis  Duval,  25,  863 

Henry   Esmond,   25,  860 

Memoirs  of  Barry  Lyndon,  25,  863 

Virginians,  The,  25,  863,  892 
Thaddeus  of  Warsaw,  25,  879 
Thane  of  Wessex,  A,  25,  845 
Thanet,  Octave: 

Expiation,  25,  899 
Thatcher,  J.  B.: 

Christopher   Columbus,  24,  1107 
Thayer,  William  Roscoe: 

Dawn   of   Italian    Independence,    4, 
422 
Theal,  G.  McC: 

Kaffir   Folklore,  19,  327 
Theodora   Phranza,   25,   879 
These  from  the  Land  of  Sinim,  6,  326 
They  that  Took  the  Sword,  25,  897 
Thiers,  Adolphe: 

History  of  the  Consulate  and  the 
Empire  of  France  Under  Na- 
poleon, 9,  500,   10,  507 

History  of  the   French   Revolution 
9,  500,  10,  507 
Thiers,  9,  499 

Thin  Red  Line,  The,  25,  867 
Things  Chinese,  6,  327 
Things      Indian,      being      Discursive 

Notes    on    Various    Subjects    Con- 
nected with  India,  5,  395 


Things  Japanese,  7,  331 
Thirlwall,  Connop: 

History  of  Greece,  2,  555 

History  of  Rome,  3,  399 
Thirsty  Sword,  The,  25,  871 
Thirty    Seasons    in    Scandinavia,    16, 

348 
Thirty  Years'  View,  24,   11 12 
Thirty  Years'  War,  The,  18,  457 
This  Man's  Wife,  25,  888 
Thomas,   General,  24,  11 14 
Thomas,  Margaret: 

Denmark  Past  and  Present,  16,  347 
Thomas,  R.  M.: 

Trewern,  25,  868 
Thomas,  W.: 

Sweden  and  the  Swedes,  16,  349 
Thomesen,  Vilhelm: 

Relation    Between    Ancient    Russia 
and  Scandinavia,  16,  347 
Thompson,  Daniel  Pierce: 

Green  Mountain  Boys,  The,  25,  893 
Thompson,  Maurice: 

Alice  of  Old  Vincennes,  25,  894 
Thompson,  N.  P.: 

Rangers,  The,  25,  893 
Thompson   River   Indians,  24,   1107 
Thomson,  H.  C: 

Rhodesia  and  its   Government,   19, 

324 
Thomson,  Joseph: 

Through  Masai  Land,  19,  327 
To  the   Central  African  Lakes  and 
Back,    19,  327 
Thomson,  Mowbray: 

Story  of  Cawnpore,  5,  400 
Thornton,  E.  P.: 

History   of   the    British    Empire   in 
India,  5,  393 
Thorpe,  Benjamin: 

Acts    of    Parliaments    of    Scotland, 

12,  382 
Calendar   of   State    Papers   relating 

to  Scotland,  12,  382 
Northern     Mythology,     comprising 
the   Principal    Popular  Traditions 
and  Superstitions  of  Scandinavia, 
North  Germany  and  the  Nether- 
lands, 16,  349 
Register  of  Privy  Council,   12,   382 
Thorpe,    Francis   Newton: 

Constitutional       History      of      the 
American    People,   24,    1105,   nil 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1039 


Constitutional   History  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  24,  1 105,  1 1 13 

Spoils  of  Empire,  The,  25,  889 
Thorstein  of  the  Mere:  a  Saga  of  the 

Northmen  in  Lakeland,  25,  846 
Thousand  and  One  Nights,  commonly 

called     in     England     The     Arabian 

Nights'  Entertainment,  The,   I,  438 
Thousand   Miles   up   the   Nile,   A,    1, 

432,   19,  325 
Thral,  G.  McCall: 

History   of   South    Africa;    History 
of  the  Boers  or  Emigrant  Farm- 
ers, 19,  324 
Thrall   of   Leif   the   Lucky,   The,   25, 

84S,  880 
Thrasher,  J.  S.: 

Island  of  Cuba,  20,  402 
Three  Decades,  24,  1113 
Three     Episodes     of     Massachusetts 

History,  24,   1108 
Three  Musketeers,  The,  25,  837 
Three  Scouts,  25,  886 
Three  Scouts,  The,  25,  898 
Three    Years    in    Savage    Africa,    19, 

325 
Three  Years  in  Western  China,  6,  328 
Three  Years'  War,  19,  324 
Three-cornered  Hat,  The,  25,  834 
Thro'  the  Da/k  Continent,  19,  327 
Throckmorton,  25,  899 
Through  Arctic  Lapland,  16,  348 
Through  Hidden  Shinsi,  6,  329 
Through  Masai  Land,  19,  327 
Through  Russian  Snows,  25,  842,  878 
Through  Swamp  and  Glade,  25,  896 
Through  the  Fray,  25,  865 
Through  the  Sikh  War,  25,  831 
Through  Three  Campaigns,  25,  832 
Thruston,  Lucy  M.: 

Mistress  Brent,  25,  800 

Jack  and  his  Island,  25,  896 
Thursfield,  J.  R.: 

Peel,  11,  649 
Thwaites,  R.  G.: 

Afloat  on  the  Ohio,  24,  11 12 

Jesuit    Relations   and   Allied   Docu- 
ments, 24,   1 108 

Colonies,  The,  24,  1108 
Thynne,   Arthur    Christopher: 

Sir  Bevill,  25,  855 
Thyra  Varrick,  25,  874 


Ticknor,  George: 

History    of    Spanish    Literature,    8, 

549 
Tiele,  Cornelius  Petrus: 

Babylonisch-Assyrische   Geschichte, 
I,   435 
Tiernan,  Mary  Spear  Nicholas: 

Homoselle,   25,  897 

Jack  Horner,  25,  899 

Suzette,  25,  897 
Tiffany,  C.  C: 

History   of  the   Protestant   Episco- 
pal  Church  in  America,  24,   1109 
Tiffany,  N.  M.: 

Samuel    E.    Sewall,   a    Memoir,    24, 
1110 
Tiger  of  Muscovy,  The,  25,  877 
Tiger  of  Mysore,  The,  25,  831 
Tilden,  Samuel  J.,  24,  11 14 
Tillotson,  J.: 

Stories  of  the  Wars,  25,  854 
Tilton,  D wight: 

My  Lady  Laughter,  25,  893 
Timayenis,  T.  T.: 

Greece  from  the  Earliest  Times  to 
the  Present,  2,  556 
Time  and  Chance,  25,  896 
"Times  "  History  of  the  War  in  South 

Africa,  The,   1899-1902,  19,  324 
Times  of  Alchemy,  The,  25,  880 
Times  of  Battle  and  Rest,  25,  880 
Times  of  Charles  XII,  25,  880 
Times   of   Frederick   I,   The,   25,   881 
Tippenhauer,  L.  G.: 

Die  Insel   Haiti,  22,  518 
Tippoo  Sultaun,  25,  831 
Titus,  25,  823 
Tivaroni,  C: 

L'ltalia  durante  il  domino  austriaco, 
4,  422 
To  Arms!,  25,  861,  873 
To  Have  and  To  Hold,  25,  890 
To   Herat  and   Cabul,  25,  831 
To  Right  the  Wrong,  25,  855 
To    the    Central    African    Lakes    and 

Back,   19,   327 
To  the  Lions,  25,  826 
Tocqueville,     Alexis     Charles     Henri 

Clerel  de: 

Democracy  in  America,  24,  1105 

France    Before    the    Revolution    of 
1789,  9,  500,  10,  508 


1040 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Tod,  James: 

Annals  and  Antiquities  of  Rajast'- 
han,  or  the  central  and  western 
Rajpoot  States  of  India,  5,  400 

Todd: 

War  of  the  Gaedhil  with  the  Gaill, 
12,  381 

Todd,  Alpheus: 

Parliamentary  Government  in  the 
British  Colonies,  20,  405 

Todleben,  General  von: 

Defense  de  Sebastopol,  14,  515 

Togo  unter  deutscher  Flagge,  19,  323 

Told  by  the  Death's  Head,  25,  881 

Tolla,  25,  830 

Tolla  the  Courtesan,  25,  829 

Tolstoy,    Count    Alexei    Konstantino- 
vich: 
Terrible  Czar,  The,  25,  877 

Tolstoy,  Count  Lyoff  Nikolaievich: 
Sevastopol,  25,  867 
War  and  Peace,  25,  842,  878 

Tom  Burke  of  "Ours,"  25,  842,  865, 
870 

Tom  Tufton's  Toll,  25,  860 

Tom  Tufton's  Travels,  25,  860 

Tomek,  Waclaw  Wladiwoj: 

History  of  the  Kingdom  of  Bo- 
hemia, 17,  466 

Tomlinson,  Everett  Titsworth: 
Boy  Soldiers  of  1812,  25,  895 
In  the  Camp  of  Cornwallis,  25,  893 
Lieutenant    under    Washington,    A, 

25,  894 
Under  Colonial  Colours,  25,  893 
Washington's   Young  Aids,   25,  893 

Tompkins,  W.: 
Diary   of  a   Cavalry  Officer  in   the 
Peninsular    and    Waterloo    Cam- 
paigns, 10,  510 

Tonford    Manor:    a    Pre-Reformation 
Story,  25,  851 

Tooke,  C.  W.: 

Danish  Colonial  Fiscal  System  in 
the  West  Indies,  20,  397 

Toombs,    Robert,    Statesman,    Speak- 
er, Soldier,  Sage,  24,  11 14 

Topelius,  Zachris: 

King's  Ring,  The,  25,  883 
Times  of  Alchemy,  The,  25,  880 
Times  of  Battle  and   Rest,  25,  880 
Times  of  Charles  XII,  25,  880 
Times  of  Frederick  I,  The,  25,  881 


Torchbearers,  The,  25,  830 

Torn  from  the  Foundations,  25,  833 

Tory  Lover,  The,  25,  894 

Toscanelli  and  Columbus,  21,  358,  24, 
1 107 

Tour  in  Ireland,  1776-1778,  12,  382 

Tourgee,  Albion  W.: 

Bricks  Without  Straw,  25,  899 
Fool's   Errand,  A,   25,  899 
Out  of  the  Sunset  Sea,  25,  890 
Pactolus  Prime,  25,  897 

Tower,  Charlemagne: 
Lafayette,  24,    1111 

Tower  of  London,  The,  25,  852 

Tower  or  Throne,  25,  853 

Townsend,    Harris,    7,    332 

Townsend,  M.,  and  Smith,  G.: 

Annals  and   Indian  Administration, 
5,  393 

Tracts,  12,  382 

Trafalgar,  25,  865 

Trail  of  the  Grand  Seigneur,  The,  25, 
887 

Trail  of  the  Sword,  The,  25,  887 

Traill,  Henry  Duff: 

Lord  Cromer,  a  Biography,  19,  324 
Social  England,  11,  649 
William  III,  11,  649,  13,  599 

Traitor  or  Patriot?,  25,  858 

Traitor's  Way,  The,  25,  836 

Tramp  in  Spain  from  Andalusia  to 
Andova,  A,  8,  550 

Transactions  of  the  Asiatic  Society 
of  Japan,  7,  333 

Transvaal  and  the  Boers,  The,  19, 
322 

Transvaal  from  Within,  The,  19,  322 

Travels,  5,  395,  400 

Travels  and  Adventures  in  South  East 
Africa,  19,  327 

Travels  in  France  During  the  Years 
1787,  1788,  1789,  9,  502,  10,  508 

Travels  in   Mexico,  22,  517 

Travels  in  West  Africa,  Congo,  Fran- 
cois, Corisco,  Cameroons,  19,  325 

Travels  through  the  Alps,  13,  599 

Travels  through  the  Middle  Settle- 
ments of  North  America,  1759-1760, 
24,  1 109 

Travernier,    Jean    Baptiste : 
Travels,  5,  400 

Treason  of  Charles  Lee,  24,  nil 

Treasure   Island,  25,  862 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1041 


Treasure  of  Don  Andres,  The,  25,  872 

Treasure  Trove,  25,  862 

Treaties     Between     the     Empire     of 

China  and  Foreign  Powers,  6,  326 
Treaty  of  Washington,  The,  24,  1106 
Treitschke,  Heinrich  von: 

Deutsche  Geschichte  im  Neunzehn- 
ten  Jahrhundert,  18,  459 

Zehn  Jahre  deutscher  Kamffe,  1865- 
1874,  18,  459 
Trench,  Richard  Chenevix: 

Gustavus  Adolphus  in  Germany,  16, 

347 
Trescot,  W.  H.: 

Diplomacy   of   the    Revolution,    24, 
mo 
Trevelyan,  Sir  George  Otto: 

American  Revolution,  The,  24,  11 10 

Cawnpore,  5,  400 

Early    History    of    Charles    James 
Fox,  11,  649 
Trevor,  Arthur: 

Life  of  William  III,  13,  599 
Trewern,  25,  868 

Trial  of  the  Constitution,  24,  11 13 
Tribes  of  the  Extreme  Northwest,  24, 

1 107 
Tricoupis,  Spiridion: 

History  of  the  Greek  Revolution,  2, 

557 
Trinity  Bells,  25,  895 
Triumph   of   Count   Ostermann,   The, 

25,  878 
Troja,  2,  559 
Trollope,  Thomas  Adolphus: 

Beppo  the  Conscript,  25,  830 

Castle   Richmond,  25,  870 

Girlhood   of   Catherine    de'   Medici, 
The,  25,  828 

Life  of  Cicero,  3,  401 

Paul   (V),  the  Pope,  and  Paul  the 
Friar,  25,  829 

South  Africa,  19,  327 
Trooper  of  the  Finns,  A,  25,  893 
Trooper    Peter    Halket    of    Mashona- 

land,  25,  885 
Tropical    Colonization;    An    introduc- 
tion to  the  study  of  the  subject,  20, 

398 
Trotter,  L.  J.: 

History  of  India  from  the  Earliest 
Time  to  the  Present  Day,  5,  393 


History  of  India  under  Queen  Vic- 
toria from  1836  to  1880,  5,  393 
Trowbridge,  J.  T.: 

Drummer  Boy,  The,  25,  898 

Three  Scouts,  The,  25,  898 
Trowbridge,  W.  R.  H.: 

Little  Marquis  of  Brandenburg,  The, 
25,  884 
True,  J.  P.: 

Morgan's  Men,  25,  894 

On  Guard  Against  Tory  and  Tarle- 
ton,  25,  894 

Scouting  for  Washington,  25,  894 
True  Heart,   25,  877,  883 
True  History  of  the  Revolution,  The, 

24,  1110 
True  Reformer,  A,  25,  832 
True    Stories    of    New    England    Cap- 
tives Carried  to  Canada  During  the 

Old    French   and   Indian    War,   24, 

1 108 
True    Story    of   White-Rose    and    the 

Fair  Sibyl,  The,  25,  836 
True  to  the  Old  Flag,  25,  893 
True  to  the  Prince,  25,  876 
True  to  the  Watchword,  25,  869 
True  unto  Death,  25,  867 
Trumbull,  Benjamin: 

Complete    History    of    Connecticut, 
24,  1 108 
Trumpet  Major,  The,  25,  864 
Trusty   Rebel,   A,  25,  851 
Tsar's   Gratitude,   A,   25,   878 
Tsountas,  Chrestas: 

Mycenean  Age,   The,  2,  559 
Tucker,  J.  R.: 

Constitution  of  the  United   States, 
24,  mi 
Tudor,  William: 

James  Otis,  24,   nil 
Tupper,  C.  L.: 

Our  Indian  Protectorate,  5,  395 
Tur,  Eugenia,  Countess  Salais: 

Shalonski   Family,   The,   25,  878 
Turbulent  Town,  A,  25,  875 
Turgot,  9,  499 

Turkey,  Old  and  New,  14,  513 
Turkish    Atrocities   in    Bulgaria,   The, 

14,  514 

Turkish   Automaton,  The,   25,   878 
Turnbull,  Mrs.  Lawrence: 

Golden   Book  of  Venice,   25,   829 


1042 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Turning  on  the  Light,  24,  11 12 
Tuthill,  Franklin: 

History  of  California,  24,  11 12 
Tuttle,  Herbert: 

German   Political   Leaders,   18,   459 

History  of  Prussia  to  the  Accession 

of  Frederick  the  Great,  1 134-1740, 

18,  459 

History  of  Prussia  under  Frederick 
the  Great,  1740-1756,  18,  459 
Twain,  Mark: 

Personal    Recollections   of  Joan   of 
Arc,  25,  835 

Prince  and  the  Pauper,  The,  25,  852 
'Twas  in  Trafalgar's  Bay,  25,  865 
Tweedie,  Mrs.  A.: 

Mexico  as  I  Saw  It,  22,  517 

Porfirio  Diaz,  22,  517 
'Tween  Snow  and  Fire,  25,  885 
Twelve  Indian  Statesmen,  5,  394 
Twelve  Years'  Reign  of  Abdul  Hamid 

II,  The,   14,  514 
Twenty  Years  After,  25,  838,  856 
Twenty  Years  of  Congress,  24,   11 12, 

1113 
Twicetold  Tales,  25,  892 
Twichell,  J.  H.: 

John  Winthrop,  First  Governor  of 
Massachusetts  Colony,  24,  11 10 
Twisted  Eglantine,  25,  866 
'Twixt  Daydawn  and  Light,  25,  846 
Two  Bird-Lovers  in  Mexico,  22,  515 
Two  Captains,  The,  25,  864 
Two  Chiefs  of  Dunboy,  25,  869 
Two  Dianas,  The,  25,  836 
Two  Heroes  of  Cathay,  6,  326 
Two   Little   Confederates,  25,  898 
Two  Men  o'  Mendip,  25,  864 
Two  Penniless  Princesses,  25,  850 
Two  Queens,  25,  840,  881 
Two  Sieges  of  Vienna,  The,  14,  515 
Two  South  African  Constitutions,  20, 

405 
Two  Thousand  Years  Ago,  25,  825 
Two  Winters  in  Norway,  16,  349 
Tychiades,   25,  821 
Tyler: 

Scotland,  12,  382 
Tyler,  J.: 

Forty  Years  in  Zululand,  19,  327 
Tyler,  L.  G.: 

Letters   and   Times   of  the   Tylers, 
34,  1 1 13 


Tyler,  M.  C.: 

Literary   History   of  the   American 

Revolution,  24,  1105 
Patrick  Henry,  24,  mi 

Tylor,  Edward  Burnett: 
Primitive  Culture,  24,  1107 

Tyrus  bis  zur  Zeit  Nebukadnezars,  I, 
436 

Tyson,  J.  Audrey: 

Stirrup  Cup,  The,  25,  893 

Tytler,  Sarah: 

Citayenne  Jacqueline,  25,  841 
Courtship  of  Sarah,  The,  25,  862 
Daughter  of  the  Manse,  A,  25,  875 
Favours  from  France,  25,  874 
In  Clarissa's  Day,  25,  862 
Lady  Jean's  Son,  25,  875 
Loyal  Little   Maid,  A,  25,  861,  873 
Macdonald  Lass,  The,  25,  874 
Witch-Wife,   The,   25,   873 


U 


Uarda,  25,  821 
Ubicini,  M.  A.: 

Letters  on  Turkey,   14,   515 
Udsigt  over  den  Norske  Historie,  16, 

347 
Ulloa,  Jorge: 

Voyage  to  South  America,  25,  402 
Ulrick  the  Ready,  25,  869 
Umlauft,  F.: 

Alps,  The,  13,  600 

Die    Oesterreich-Ungarische     Mon- 
archic, 17,  468 
Un  Voyage  en  Russie,  15,  389 
Uncahonized,  25,  848 
Uncle  B°rnac,  25,  841 
Uncle  Tom's   Cabin,   25,  897 
Uncrowning  a  King,  25,  891 
Under  Bayard's  Banner,  25,  835 
Under  Calvin's  Spell,  25,  836,  877 
Under     Cheddar     Cliffs,     a     Hundred 

Years  Ago,  25,  864 
Under   Colonial   Colours,  25,  893 
Under  Drake's  Flag,  25,  853 
Under  Salisbury  Spire,  25,  854 
Under   the   Dome   of   St.    Paul's,   25, 

861 
Under  the  Great  Seal,   25,  888 
Under  the  Iron  Flail,  25,  844 
Under  the  Mendips,  25,  867 
Under  the  Red  Dragon,  25,  867 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1043 


Under  the   Red  Robe,  25,  837 
Under  the  Rose,  25,  835 
Under  the  Sjambok,  25,  886 
Under  the  Southern  Cross,  25,  890 
Under  the   Spangled  Banner,  25,  900 
Under  the  Spell  of  the  Fleur-de-Lis, 

25,  837 
Under  the  War  Clouds,  25,  844 
Under  the  Yoke,  25,  879 
Under    Wellington's    Command,    25, 

865 
Under  which   King?,   25,  884 
Underdown,  Emily: 

Cristina,   25,  827 
Underground    Railroad   from   Slavery 

to  Freedom,  The,  24,  1106,  11 12 
Underground  Russia,  15,  389 
Union,  12,  383 
Union  of  Italy,  The,  4,  422 
United     Kingdom,    The,    a     Political 

History,   1 1,  649 
United  States  Bank,  The,  24,  1106 
United  States  During  the  Last  Quar- 
ter of  a  Century,  The,  24,  11 13 
Unknown  Mexico,  22,  516 
Unknown  to  History,  25,  853,  872 
Untrodden     Spain     and     Her     Black 

Country,  8,  550 
Up  for  the  Green,  25,  870 
Upham,  Charles  Wentworth: 

Salem  Witchcraft,  24,  1108,  1109 

Life     of     Timothy     Pickering,     24, 
1113 
Urith,    25,    859 
Urrutia: 

Epocas  del   Peru,  21,  360 
Ursula,  The  Cloistering  of,  25,  '828 
Uther  and  Igraine,  25,  845 


V 


Vagabond,  The,  25,  898 
Vale  of  Cedars,  The,  25,  833 
Valentin,    25,   844 
Valentino,  25,  828 
Valentyn,  F.: 

Oud  en  Nieuw  Oost-Indien,  5,  400 
Valerius,    25,    826 
Valiant   Runaways,   The,  25,  896 
Vallandigham,  J.  T.: 

Life    of    C.    L.    Vallandigham,    24, 
1114 


Valley  of  Decision,  The,  25,  829 
Vallings,  Harold: 

By  Dulvercombe  Water,  25,  859 
Valmy,  10,  508 
Valperga,  25,  828 
Vambery : 

Hungary,  17,  466 
Vanished  Arcadia,  A,  20,  401,  21,  358 
Van  Meteren,  Emanuel: 

Historien  der  Nederlanden,  13,  599 
Vansittart,  Henry: 

Narrative    of    the    Transactions    in 
Bengal  from  1 760-1 764,  5,  400 
Van  Tyne,  C.  H.: 

American   Revolution,  24,   11 10 

Loyalists    in    the    Revolution,    24, 
1 1 10 
Van  Tyne  and  Leland: 

Guide  to  the  Archives  of  the  Uni- 
ted  States,  24,  1 103 
Van  Zile,  E.  S.: 

With   Sword   and    Crucifix,   25,   891 
Varnhagen,  F.  A.  de: 

Examen  de  quelques  points  de  l'his- 
toire  du  Bresil,  21,  360 
Vasconcelos,   25,   890 
Vazoff,  Ivan: 

Under  the  Yoke,  25,  879 
Vedic  India,  5,  399 
Vehse,  E.: 

Memoirs  of  the  Court,  Aristocracy 
and    Diplomacy    of    Austria,    18, 

459 
Velvet  Glove,  The,  25,  834 
Vengeance  is   Mine,  25,  842,  875 
Venice,  Beatrice  of,  25,  829 
Venice,  The  Golden  Book  of,  25,  829 
Veranilda,  25,  827 
Vereshchagin,  V.: 

War  Correspondent,  The,  25,  879 
Verne,  Jules: 

Blockade  Runners,  The,  25,  898 
Veva;  or,  The  War  of  the  Peasants, 

25,  877 
Vibart,  H.  M.: 

Military  History  of  the  Madras  En- 
gineers  and    Pioneers    from    1743 
up  to  the  Present  Time,  5,  394 
Vicary,  J.  Fulford: 

Saga  Time,   16,  349 
Vicomte     de     Bragelonne;     or,     Ten 

Years   Later,  The,  25,  838 


1044 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Victory  of  the  Vanquished,  The,  25, 
826 

View,  12,  381 

View  of  the  Hindu  Law  as  Admin- 
istered by  the  High  Court  of  Judi- 
cature at   Madras,   5,   399 

View  of  the  Origin  and  Conduct  of 
the  War  against  Tippoo  Sultaun,  5, 

395 
Vigfusson,  Gudbrand: 

Sturlunga   Saga,   16,  349 
Vignaud,  Henry: 

Critical  Study  of  the  Various  Dates 
Assigned  to  the  Birth  of  Chris- 
topher Columbus,  21,  358 

Toscanelli  and   Columbus,   21,   358, 
24,  1 107 
Vigny,  Alfred  Victor,  Comte  de: 

Cinq-Mars,  25,  837 
Vigouroux,  F.: 

La   Bible   et  les   decouvertes   mod- 
ernes,  1,  431 
Viking  Age,  The,  16,  345 
Vikings  of  the  Baltic,  The,  25,  880 
Vikings     of     Western      Christendon, 

The,  16,  346 
Villa  of  Claudius,  The,  25,  845 
Village  Life  in  China,  6,  329 
Villari,  Pasquale: 

Storia   Politica  dTtalia,  4,  419 
Vinland  Champions,  The,  25,  890 
Vintage   Capsina,  The,   25,   825 
Virgin  of  the  Sun,  The,  25,  890 
Virginia    and    Kentucky    Resolutions, 

24,  1 106 
Virginia  Bohemians,  25,  892 
Virginia  Comedians,  The,  25,  892 
Virginians,  The,  25,  863,  892 
Virkehrsentwicklung   in   Deutschland, 

1800-1900,  18,  460 
Vittoria,  25,  830 
Viva  Christina,  25,  834 
Vive  l'Empereur,   25,   870 
Vivian  of  Virginia,  25,  891 
Vizier's  Daughter,  A,  25,  832 
Vladmir: 

Chino-Japanese  War,  7,  332 

Russia     on     the     Pacific     and     the 
Trans-Siberian  Railway,   15,  390 
Voice  of  the  People,  The,  25,  899 
Voltaire,  9,  498,   10,  508 
Volumes    on    English    History    from 

James  I  to  the  Restoration,  12,  381 


Von  der  deutschen  Hansa:  eine  His- 

torische   Skizze,  18,  456 
Von  Hoist,  Hermann: 

Constitutional   History  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  24,  1 104 
Voyage     aux     Regions     Equinoxiales 

du  Nouveau  Continent,  20,  402 
Voyage  to  South  America,  20,  402 
Voyage  to  the  Eastern  Part  of  Terra 

Firma     or    the     Spanish     Main    in 

South  America,   1801-1804,   20,  402, 

403 
Voyages   of  the  Northmen  to   North 

America,  24,  1108 
Voynich,  E.  L.: 

Gadfly,  The,  25,  830 
Vulliemin,  Louis: 

Histoire  de  la  Suisse,  13,  599 
Vultures,  The,  25,  879 


W 


Wack,  Henry  W.: 

Story  of  the  Congo  Free  State:  So- 
cial, Political,  and  Economic 
Aspects  of  the  Belgian  System  of 
Government    in    Central     Africa, 

19,  324 

Wager,   The,  25,  869 

Wages  of  Battle,  The,  25,  846 

Wakefield: 

Account  of  Ireland,  12,  382 
Wakeman,  H.  O.,  and  Hassall,  A.: 

Essays    Introductory    to   the    Study 
of     English     Constitutional     His- 
tory,  11,  650 
Waldemar,   25,   880 
Walford,  L.  B.: 

Black  Familiars,  The,  25,  853 
Waliszewski,  K.: 

Autour  d'  un  Trone  Catherine  II  de 
Russie,    15,    389 

Ivan  the  Terrible,  15,  389 

Le    Roman    d'une   Imperatrice,    15, 

389 
Peter  the  Great,  15,  389 
Walker,  F.  A.: 

General  Hancock,  24,  11 14 
History  of  the  Second  Army  Corps 

in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  24, 

1114 
Protestant    Reformation,    The,    18, 

459 


AUTHORS   AND    TITLES 


1045 


Walker,  G.  L.: 

Thomas  Hooker,  24,  11 10 
Walker,  H.  de  R.: 

West  Indies  and  the  Empire:  Study 
and    Travel    in    the    Winter    of 
1900-1901,  20,  407 
Walker,  Williston: 

Creeds   and    Platforms    of   Congre- 
gationalism, 24,  1 109 
Wall,  A.: 

Fall    of    Constantinople,    The,    25, 

879 
Wallace,  Donald  Mackenzie: 

Russia,   15,  389 
Wallace,  Joseph: 

Illinois       and       Louisiana       Under 
French  Rule,  24,  1108 
Wallace,  Lew: 

Ben  Hur,  25,  823,  825 

Fair  God,  The,  25,  889 

Prince  of  India,  The,  25,  879 
Wallace  (Blind  Harry),  12,  383 
Wallace   (Brunton),  12,  383 
Walks,  A.  S.  C.: 

In  Troubled  Times,  25,  876 

Royal  Favour,  25,  880 
Wallis,  S.  T.: 

Spain,     Her     Institutions,     Politics 
and  Public  Men,  8,  548 
Wallon,  A.  H.: 

Les   Representants  en   Mission,  10, 
508 
Walloth,  Wilhelm: 

Empress  Octavia,  25,  826 

King's    Treasure    House,    The,    25, 
821 
Walpole,  C.  G.: 

Kingdom  of  Ireland,  The,  24,  1106 
Walpole,  Horace: 

George  III,  24,  1106 
Walpole,  Sir  Robert,  II,  648 
Walpole,  Spencer: 

History     of     England     from     the 
Conclusion  of  the  Great  War  in 
1815,  11,  650,  24,  1106 
Walter's  Escape,  25,  876 
Walton,  Clifford  Stevens: 

Civil    Law    in    Spain    and    Spanish 
America,  20,   403,   31,   360 
Wanderer  and  King,  25,  857 
Wanderings  in  Spain,  8,  550 
War  and  Peace,  25,  842,  878 


War  Between  the  States,  24,  n  13 
War  Correspondent,  The,  25,  879 
War  in  Bulgaria,  The,  14,  514 
War  in  South  Africa,  The,  Its  Cause 

and   Conduct,   19,  322 
War  in  South  Africa,  The,  Its  Causes 

and    Effects,    19,    322 
War  in  the  Crimea,  The,  14,  514,  515 
War  of  the  Axe,  The,  25,  885 
War  of  the  Civilizations,  6,  326 
War  of  the   Gaedhil   with   the    Gaill, 

12,  381 
War  of  Women,  The,  25,  838 
War  on  the  Rhine  Frontier,  The,  18, 

458 
War  Powers  of  the  Constitution,  24, 

1113 
War  Sketches  in  Color,  19,  326 
War  to  the  Knife;  or,  Tangata  Maori, 

25,  888 
Warburton,  B.  E.  G.: 

Darien;   or,   The   Merchant   Prince, 
25,  860 
Warburton,  G.  D.: 

Conquest  of  Canada,  24,  1107 
Warburton,  Sir  R.: 

Eighteen     Years     in     the     Khyber, 
1 879- 1 898,  5,  400 
Ward,  Bryan  W.: 

Forest  Prince,  The,  25,  848,  868 

Sir  Geoffrey  de  Skeffington,  25,  847 
Ward  of  King   Canute,  The,  25,  846 
Ward  of  the  King,  A,  25,  836 
Warden  of  the  Marches,  The,  25,  831 
Ware: 

Annals,  12,  381 
Ware,   William: 

Aurelian,  25,  826 

Julian;  or,  Scenes  in  Judaea,  25,  823 

Last    Days    and    Fall    of    Palmyra, 
The   (Zenobia),  25,  822,  826 
Warend  och  Windarne,  16,  348 
Warfield,  E.  D.: 

Virginia  and  Kentucky  Resolutions, 
24,    1 106 
Waring,  E.  S.: 

History  of  the  Marathas,  5,  400 
Warner: 

Rebellion  and  Civil  War,  12,  381 
Warr,  G.  C.  W.: 

History    of    Roman    Literature,    3, 
402 


1046 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Warren,  Joseph,  24,  mi 

Wars  of  Succession  in   Portugal  and 

Spain  from  1826  to  1840,  8,  546 
Wars  of  the  Roses,  The,  25,  850 
Waning,  Price: 

Tales  of  Early  Australian  Days,  25, 
888 

Tales  of  the  Isle  of  Death,  25,  888 
Washburne,  E.  B.: 

Recollections     of     a     Minister     to 
France,  9,  502 
Washington,  J.  G.: 

Joshua  R.   Giddings,  24,  11 13 
Washington,  George,  24,  mi 
Washingtonians,  The,  25,  898 
Washington's  Young  Aids,  25,  893 
Waterloo,  25,  843 
Waterloo  Lectures,  10,  509 
Watson,  H.  B.  Marriott: 

Captain  Fortune,  25,  855 

House  Divided,  The,  25,  862 

Rebel,  The,  25,  858 

Twisted   Eglantine,   25,   866 
Watson,  Margaret: 

Driven,  25,  867 
Watson,  Paul  B.: 

Swedish     Revolution     under     Gus- 
tavus  Vasa,  16,  347 
Watson,  Robert  Grant: 

Spanish      and      Portuguese      South 
America      during     the      Colonial 
Period,   20,  400,   21,  403 
Watson,  W.  L.: 

Sir  Sergeant,  25,  874 
Watts,  H.  E.: 

Christian  Recovery  of  Spain,  8,  548 
Waverly,  25,  874 
Wayne,  Major  General  Anthony,  24, 

mi 
Webb,  Mrs.  J.  B.: 

Alypius  of  Tagaste,  25,  827 

Julamerk,  25,  822 

Julio,  25,  834 

Naomi,  25,  823 

Pomponia,  25,  826 
Weber,  Otto: 

Arabien  von  dem  Islam,  1,  439 
Webster,  J.  Provand: 

Children  of  Wrath,  25,  891 
Weeks,  S.  B.: 

Southern  Quakers  and  Slavery,  24, 
ilia 


Welden,  W.  B.: 

Economic    and    Social    History    of 
New  England,  24,  1109 
Wegweiser  durch  die   neuere   Litera- 
tur  der  Rechts-  und  Staatswissens- 
chaften,  17,  465 
Weil,  Gustav: 

Geschichte  der  Chalifen,  1,  439 
Geschichte  der  islamitischen  Volker 
von  Mohammed  bis  zur  Zeit  des 
Sultan  Selim  iibersichtlich  darge- 
stellt,  I,  439 
Geschichte    des    Abbasidenchalifats 
in  Aegypten,  1,  439 
Weir  of  Hermiston,  25,  875 
Weird  of  Silken  Thomas,  The,  25,  868 
Weitemeyer,  H.: 

Denmark,  16,  347 
Well  Worn  Roads  of  Spain,  Holland, 

and  Italy,  8,  550 
Wellhausen,  Julius: 

Sketch    of    the    History    of    Israel 
and  Judah,   1,  441 
Wells,  D.  A.: 

Study  of  Mexico,  A,  22,  517 
Welsh,  Herbert: 

Other  Man's  Country,  The:  An  Ap- 
peal to  Conscience,  20,  412 
Welt   politisches:    Beitrage    und    Stu- 
dien     zur     neueren     Kolonialbewe- 
gung,  20,  399 
Wenckstern,  Franz  von: 

Bibliography  of  the  Japanese   Em- 
pire, 7,  331 
Wendel,  F.  C.  H.: 

History  of  Egypt,  1,  433 
Wendell,  B.: 

Literary    History    of    America,    24, 
1 105 
Wenzel,  Wolfgang: 

History  of  Germany  from  the  Earl- 
iest Period  to  the  Present  Time, 
18,  455 
Wenzelhuger,  K.  T.: 

Geschichte  der  Niederlande,  13,  599 
Wept    of    the    Wish-Ton-Wish,    The, 

25,  891 
West,  Mary: 

Allegra,  25,  830 
West  African  Studies,  19,  326 
West  Indies,  The,  20,  407 
West  Indies  and  the   Empire:   Study 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1047 


and  Travel  in  the  Winter  of  1900- 

190 1,  The,  20,  407 
Westall,  William: 

Red  Bridal,  A,  25,  842,  882 

With  the  Red  Eagle,  25,  842,  882 
Westbury,  Hugh: 

Acte,  25,  826 
Western  Civilization  in  its  Economic 

Aspects.     Part  I,  Ancient  Times,  3, 

402 
Western  Maryland  in  the  Revolution, 

24,  1 1 10 
Westerners,  The,  25,  899 
Westminster   Abbey,   25,   851 
Westminster  Cloisters,  25,  847 
Westward  Ho!,  25,  853 
Westward    with    Columbus,    25,    828, 

890 
Wet,  C.  R.  de: 

Three  Years'  War,  19,  324 
Wetherbys,   The,   25,    831 
Weyman,  Stanley  John: 

Abbess  of  Vlaye,  The,  25,  837 

Castle  Inn,  The,  25,  863 

Count  Hannibal:  a  Romance  of  the 
Court  of  France,  25,  836 

From  the  Memoirs  of  a  Minister  of 
France,  25,  837 

Gentleman  of  France,  A,  25,  837 

House  of  the  Wolf,  The,  25,  836 

In  Kings'  Byways:  Short  Stories, 
25,  837 

Long  Night,  The,  25,  877 

Man  in  Black,  The,  25,  837 

My  Lady  Rotha,  25,  883 

Red   Cockade,  The,  25,   840 

Shrewsbury,   25,   860 

Starvecrow  Farm,  25,  866 

Story  of  Francis  Cludde,  The,  25, 
852 

Under  the  Red  Robe,  25,  837 
Wharton,  Edith: 

Valley  of  Decision,  The,  25,  829 
Wharton,  Francis: 

Revolutionary     Diplomatic     Corre- 
spondence of  the   United   States, 
24,  mi 
Wheaton,  Henry: 

History  of  the  Northmen,  or  Danes 
and  Normans  from  the  earliest 
Times  to  the  Conquest  of  William 
of  Normandy,  16,  347 


Wheeler,  B.  I.: 

Alexander  the  Great,  2,  557,  5,  400 
Wheeler,  J.  T.: 

History  of  India  from  the  Earliest 
Ages,  5,  393 

Short  Stories  of  India,  5,  393 
When  Charles  the  First  was  King,  25, 

855 
When  George  III  was  King,  25,  864 
When  Knighthood  was  in  Flower,  25, 

851 
When  London  Burned,  25,  858 
When  Spurs  were  Gold,  25,  850 
When  We  Were  Boys,  25,  871 
Where   Black   Rules  White:   A  Jour- 
ney  Across   and    About   Hayti,    22, 
5i8 
Whigham,  H.  J.: 

Persian   Problem,  The,  5,  402 
Whishaw,  Fred: 

Boyar  of  the  Terrible,  A,  25,  877 
Forbidden   Name,   A,   25,   878 
Harold  the  Norseman,  25,  880 
Lion  Cub,  The,  25,  877 
Many  Ways  of  Love,  25,  878 
Mazeppa,  25,  877 
Moscow,  25,  842,  878 
Near  the  Tsar,  near  Death,  25,  878 
Sons  of  Freedom,  25,  878 
Splendid  Impostor,  A,  25,  877 
Three  Scouts,  25,  886 
Tiger  of  Muscovy,  The,  25,  877 
Tsar's  Gratitude,  A,  25,  878 
White  Witch  of  the  Matabele,  The, 
25,  885 
Whistler,  C.  W.: 

For  King  or  Empress,  25,  847 
Havelock,  the  Dane,  25,  845 
King  Alfred's  Viking,  25,  846 
King  Olaf's  Kinsman,  25,  846 
King's  Comrade,  A,  25,  845 
Thane  of  Wessex,  A,  25,  845 
Wulfric,    the    Weapon    Thane,    25, 
846 
Whistling  Maid,  The,  25,  868 
Whitcomb,  Merrick: 

Source  Book  of  the  German  Renais- 
sance, 18,  459 
White,  A.  S.: 

Expansion  of  Egypt,  under  the 
Anglo-Egyptian  Condominium, 
19,   324 


1048 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


White,  Edmund: 

Eveshams,  The,  25,  863 
White,  Henry: 

Massacre    of    St.    Bartholomew,    9, 
500 
White,  Stewart  Edward: 

Conjurer's  House,  25,  887 

Silent  Places,  The,  25,  888 

Westerners,  The,  25,  899 
White,  W.  Hale: 

Clara  Hopgood,  25,  830 
White  Aprons,  25,  891 
White  Company,  The,  25,  835,  850 
White    Conquerors    of    Mexico,    The, 

25,  889 
White  Hoods,  The,  25,  875 
White  Islander,  The,  25,  886 
White  King's  Daughter,  The,  25,  857 
White  Man  in  Nigeria,  The,  19,  325 
White  Month,  The,  25,  844 
White  Queen,  The,  25,  851 
White   Standard,  The,  25,  835 
White  Terror,  The,  25,  840 
White  Terror  and  the  Red,  The,  25, 

878 
White  Witch   of  the   Matabele,   The, 

25,  885 
White  Woman  in   Central  Africa,  A, 

19,   324 

White  Wyvill  and  Red   Ruthven,  25, 

851 
Whitefriars;  or,  the  Court  of  Charles 

II,  25,  858 
Whitehall,  25,  854 
Whites  and  the  Blues,  The,  25,  841 
Whiteway,  R.  S.: 

Rise   of   the    Portuguese    Power    in 
India,  8,  548 
Whiting,  E.  M.: 

War    Powers    of   the    Constitution, 

24,  1113 
Whiting,  Mary  Bradford: 

Torchbearers,  The,  25,  830 
Whitman,  S.: 
Austria,  17,  465 

Realm  of  the  Hapsburgs,  The,  17, 
465 
Who    Goes  There?,   25,  897 
Why  the  Solid  South,  24,  1113 
Whymper,  Edward: 

Chamounix     and     the     Range     of 
Mount  Blanc,   13,  600 


Scrambles    amongst    the    Alps,    13, 

600 
Zermatt    and    the    Matterhorn,    13, 

600 
Wiedeman,  Alfred: 

Geschichte    von     Alt-Aegypten,    1, 

433 
Religion  of  the  Ancient  Egyptians, 

1,  434 
Wieland,  Christoph  Martin: 

Aristippus  and  his  Contemporaries, 
25,  824 

History  of  Agathon,  The,  25,  824 

Peregrinus  Proteus,  25,  825 

Republic  of  Fools:  being  the   His- 
tory of  the   State  and  People  of 
Abdera  in  Thrace,  The,  25,  824 
Wiener: 

Bolivie  et  Perou,  21,  359 

Chili  et  Chilians,  21,  360 
Wiener,  Leo  P.: 

Russian  Anthology,  A,  15,  389 
Wild  Humphrey  Kynaston,  25,  851 
Wild  Norway,  16,  348 
Wild  Spain,  8,  550 
Wild  Tribes,  The,  22,  515 
Wildman,  Rounsevelle: 

China's  Open  Door,  6,  326 
Wilkins,  Mary  E.: 

Hart's  Highway,  The,  25,  891 

Silence;   and  other  Stories,  25,  892 
Wilkinson,  Sir  J.  Gardner: 

Manners   and   Customs   of  the   An- 
cient Egyptians,  I,  434 
Wilkinson,  Spenser: 

Napoleon,  the  First  Phase,  10,  510 
Wilks,  M.: 

Historical  Sketches  of  the  South  of 
India  in  an  attempt  to  trace  the 
History  of  Mysore,  5,  400 
Will  o'  the  Wasp,  25,  896 
Willard,  Rachael: 

Catherine  Douglas,  25,  871 
Willert,  P.  F.: 

Henry  of  Navarre,  9,  500 

Mirabeau,  9,  500 

Reign    of    Louis    the    Eleventh,    9, 
500 
William  the  Conqueror,  25,  846 
William  the  Silent,  13,  598 
William  the  Silent,  Prince  of  Orange, 

13,  598 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES 


1049 


William  III,  n,  649,  13,  599 
Williams,  Churchill: 

Captain,  The,  25,  898 
Williams,  E.  E.: 

Made  in  Germany,  18/460 
Williams,  Frederick  Wells: 

Real    Menace    of    Russian    Aggres- 
sion, The,  20,  411 
Williams,  George  W.: 
History     of    the     Negro     Race    in 
America,  24,  1106,  11 12 
Williams,  H.  Neel: 

Hand  of  Leonore,  The,  25,  839 
Williams,  Helen  Maria: 

Personal  Narrative  of  Travels,  20, 
402 
Williams,  L.: 

Land  of  the  Dons,  The,  8,  550 
Williams,  Samuel  Wells: 
History  of  China,  6,  325 
Middle   Kingdom,  6,   325 
Williams,  Talcott: 

Government   of   Tropical    Colonies, 
The,  20,  411 
Williamson,  Alexander: 

Journeys  in  North  China,  6,  329 
Williamson,  W.  D.: 

History  of  Maine,  24,   1108 
Willie    Reilly   and    his    Dear    Colleen 

Bawn,  25,  869 
Willoughby,  Sir  John  C: 

Narrative    of    Further    Excavations 
at  Zimbabje,  19,  327 
Willoughby   Manor,  25,  853 
Willowdene  Will,  25,  874 
Willson,  Beckles: 

Great     Company,     1667-1871,     The, 
20,  407,  24,   1 107 
Wilson,  A.  M.: 

Sam  Houston  and  the  War  of  In- 
dependence in  Texas,  24,  11 13 
Wilson,  H.  Hi: 

Glossary  of  Judicial  and  Revenue 
Terms  and  of  Useful  Words  oc- 
curring in  Official  Documents  re- 
lating to  the  Administration  of 
the  Government  of  British  India, 

5,  394 
Wilson,  H.  W.: 

Downfall  of  Spain:  Naval  History 
of  the  Spanish-American  War,  8, 
548 


Wilson,  Henry: 

Rise  and  Fall  of  the  Slave  Power, 
24,  1112,  1113 
Wilson,  J.: 

Indian   Caste,  5,  401 
Wilson,  James  Harrison: 

China,  6,  329 
Wilson,  Mary  J.: 

Knight  of  the  Needle  Rock  and  his 
Days,  The,  25,  853 
Wilson,  T.  B.: 

History   of   the    Church    and    State 
in  Norway,  16,  347 
Wilson,  W.: 

Division  and  Reunion,  24,  11 12 
Wilson,  W.  J.: 

History    of   the    Madras    Army,    5, 

394 
Wilson,  W.  P.: 

Commercial   Relations   of  the   Uni- 
ted States  with  the  Far  East,  20, 
411 
Wilson,  William  R.  A.: 

Rose  of  Normandy,  A,  25,  838,  887 
Wilson,  Woodrow: 

History    of   the    American    People, 
24,  1 103 
Winchester : 

Swiss  Republic,  The,  13,  600 
Winchester  Meads,  25,  859 
Winckler,  Hugo: 

Die    Euphratlander    und    das    Mit- 

telmeer,  1,  435 
Die  Volker  Vorderasiens,  1,  437 
Geschichte     Babyloniens     und     As- 

syriens,  1,  435 
Geschichte    der    Stadt    Babylon,    1, 

435  _ 
Geschichte  Israels  in  Eingeldarstel- 
lungen,  1,  441 
Wind  and  Wave,  25,  876 
Windsor  Castle,  25,  851 
Wing-and-Wing;    or,    Le    Fen-follet, 

25,  829 
Wingfield,  Lewis  Strange: 

My  Lords  of  Strogue,  25,  870 
Winifrede's  Journal,  25,  854 
Winning  His  Spurs,  25,  823 
Winning  of  the  West,  The,  24,  1106 
Winship,  G.  P.: 

Coronado  Expedition,  1 540-1542,  24, 
1 107 


1050 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Winsor,  Justin: 

Aboriginal  America,  21,  357 

Cartier  to  Frontenac,  34,  1108 

Later   History  of   British,   Spanish, 
and  Portuguese  America,  31,  358 

Mississippi  Basin,  34,  11 12 

Narrative   and    Critical    History   of 
America,  31,  358,  34,  1103,  1105 

Spanish    Explorations    and    Settle- 
ments,  31,   358 
Winthrop,  John: 

History  of  New  England,  34,   1108 
Winthrop,    John,    First    Governor    of 

Massachusetts  Colony,  34,  11 10 
Winthrop,  R.  C: 

Life  and  Letters  of  John  Winthrop, 
34,  1110 
Winton,  G.  B.: 

New  Era  in  Old  Mexico,  33,  517 
Wisconsin  Under    French   Dominion, 

34,  1 108 
Wisdom  of  Esau,  The,  35,  888 
Wise,  B.  H.: 

Life  of  Henry  A.  Wise  of  Virginia, 
24,   1 1 13 
Wise,  H.  A.: 

Seven   Decades   of  the   Union,   34, 
1112 
Wise,  J.  S.: 

End  of  an  Era,  34,  1114 
Wiseman,  N.: 

Fabiola,  35,  826 
Witch-Wife,  The,  35,  873 
With  Give  in  India,  35,  831 
With  Cochrane  the  Dauntless,  35,  866 
With  Crockett  and  Bowie,  35,  896 
With  Essex  in  Ireland,  35,  869 
With  Fire  and  Sword,  35,  878 
With  Frederick  the  Great,  35,  884 
With    Kitchener   in    the    Soudan,    35, 

885 
With  Kitchener  to  Khartum,  19,  324 
With   Lee  in  Virginia,  25,   898 
With  Macdonald  in  Uganda,  19,  324 
With  Moore  at  Corunna,  25,  865 
With  Richard  the  Fearless:  a  tale  of 

the  Red  Crusade,  35,  847 
With  Sword  and  Crucifix,  35,  891 
With  Sword  and  Pen,  35,  832 
With  the  Allies  to  Pekin,  25,  867 
With  the   Black  Prince,  25,  849 
With  the  British  Legion,  25,  834 
With  the  King  at  Oxford,  25,  855 


With  the  Kurram  Field  Force,  1878- 

1879,   5,  396 
With  the  Red  Eagle,  35,  842,  882 
With   Washington   in   the   West,   25, 

892 
With  Wolfe  in  Canada,  25,  887 
Within  the  Capes,  35,  896 
Witte,  John  de,  13,  598 
Wizard  King,  The,  25,  879,  881 
Woe  to  the  Conquered,  35,  825 
Wolf,  A.: 

Oesterreich   unter    Maria    Theresia, 
Joseph   II,   und    Leopold    II,    17, 
466 
Wolfe  of  Badenoch,  The,  35,  871 
Wolf's  Head,  35,  848 
Wolseley,  Garnet  Joseph,  Lord: 

Decline  and   Fall  of  Napoleon,   10, 
5io 
Woman  and  a  Creed,  A,  35,  876 
Woman  of  the  Commune,  A,  35,  844 
Woman    with    the    Velvet    Necklace, 

The,  35,   840 
Woman's  Courier,  A,  35,  860 
Won  by  the  Sword,  35,  884 
Won  in  Warfare,  35,  893 
Wonder  Book  for  Girls  and  Boys,  A, 

35,  824 
Wonderful   Story   of  Agnes   and   the 

White  Dove,  The,  25,  868 
Wonderful  Story  of  Uganda,  The,  19, 

323 
Wood,  C.  W.: 

Glories  of  Spain,  8,  550 

Letters  from  Majorca,  8,  550 

Norwegian  Byways,  16,  349 

Romance  of  Spain,  8,  550 
Wood,  Charles: 

On  the  Frontier  with  St.  Clair,  35, 
895 
Wood,  W.  H.  C: 

Fight  for  Canada,  The,  34,  1107 
Wood  of  the  Brambles,  The,  35,  870 
Woodburn,  J.  A.: 

Causes  of  the  Revolution,  34,  mo 
Woodman,  The,  35,  851 
Woods,  Edith  Elmer: 

Spirit  of  the  Service,  The,  35,  900 
Woods,  Margaret  L.: 

Esther  Vanhomrigh,  35,  861 

King's  Revoke,  The,  35,  842 

Sons  of  the  Sword,  25,  865 
Woodstock;  or,  The  Cavalier,  25,  857 


AUTHORS   AND    TITLES 


1051 


Woodward,  W.  H.: 

Short  History  of  the  Expansion  of 
the  British  Empire,  1500-1890,  19, 
324,  30,  405 
Wooing  of  Osyth,  The,'  25,  845 
Wooley,  E.  C: 

Reconstruction  in  Georgia,  24,  1114 
Woolsey,  Theodore  S.: 

Government    of    Dependencies,    20, 
411 
Woolson,  Constance   Fenimore: 
East  Angels,  25,  897 
Rodman  the  Keeper,  25,  899 
Worcester,  Dean  Conant: 

Philippine   Islands  and   Their   Peo- 
ple, 20,  403 
Word  of  the  Sorceress,  The,  25,  885 
Wordsworth,  C: 

Greece,    Pictorial,    Descriptive    and 
Historical,  2,  559 
Workman  and  Soldier,  25,  844 
Works    of    Captain   John    Smith,    24, 

1 109 
World  Went  Very  Well  Then,   The, 

25,  862 
World's   Desire,   The,  25,  824 
Worms,  De: 

Count  Beust,  17,  468 
Worsaae,  Jens  Jacob  Asmussen: 
Danes   and   Northmen  in   England, 
Scotland  and  Ireland,  16,  347 
Wounds  in  the  Rain,  25,  900 
Wright,  Marie  Robinson: 

New  Brazil:  Its  Resources  and  At- 
tractions,  Historical,   Descriptive, 
and  Industrial,  31,  360 
Picturesque  Mexico,  22,  517 
Wright,  Robert: 

Life      of     Major     General     James 

Wolfe,  24,  1 1 10 
Memoir    of    General    James    Ogle- 
thorpe, 24,  1 1 10 
Wright,  William: 

Empire  of  the  Hittites,  I,  437 
Wulf  the  Saxon,  25,  846 
Wulfric,  the  Weapon  Thane,  25,  846 
Wurzbach,  C: 

Archiv  fur    Kunde   der   Geschichts- 

quellen   Oesterreichs,  17,  466 
Biographisches  Lexikon  des  Kaiser- 

thums  Oesterreich,  17,  466 
Die    Oesterreich-Ungarische    Mon- 
archic in  Wort  und  Bild,  17,  466 


Wyeth,  J.  A.: 

Life  of  General  N.  B.  Forrest,  24, 
1114 
Wynne,  May: 

Ronald  Lindsay,  25,  873 

X,  Y 

Yale  College,  24,  11 10 
Yale  Review,  20,  402 
Yamagata  Isoh: 

History  of  Japan  during  the   Cen- 
tury    of     Early     Foreign     Inter- 
course, 7,  332 
Yarrow,  H.  C: 

Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Mortu- 
ary   Customs    among    the    North 
American  Indians,  24,  1107 
Yate,  A.  C: 

England  and   Russia   Face  to   Face 
in  Asia,  Travels  with  the  Afghan 
Boundary  Commission,  5,  401 
Year  after  the  Armada  and  other  His- 
torical Studies,  The,  8,  547 
Year  of  Miracles,  The,  25,  876 
Year  of   Revolution,   from   a  Journal 

Kept  in  Paris  in  1848,  A,  9,  501 
Year  One,  The,  25,  840 
Yeats,  Sidney  Kilner  Levett: 
Chevalier  d'Auriac,  The,  25,  837 
Galahad  of  the  Creeks,  A,  and  other 

Stories,  25,  832 
Honour  of  Savelli,  The,  25,  828 
Lord  Protector,  The,  25,  857 
Traitor's  Way,  The,  25,  836 
Yellow  Frigate,  The,  25,  871 
Yellow  Shield,  The,  25,  885 
Yemassee,  The,  25,  892 
Yeoman,  W.  J.: 

Woman's  Courier,  A,  25,  860 
Yeoman  Fleetwood,  25,  866 
Yesterday's  To-morrow,  25,  857 
Yonge,  C.  D.: 

Select  Orations  of  Cicero,  3,  399 
Yonge,  Charlotte  Mary: 

Armourer's  Prentices,  The,  25,  851 
Caged  Lion,  The,  25,  871 
Chaplet    of    Pearls,    The;    or,    The 
White  and  the  Black  Ribaumont. 
25,  836 
Constable's  Tower,  The,  25,  849 
Dove  in  the  Eagle's  Nest,  The,  25, 
883 


1052 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Grisly  Grisell,  25,  850 

Kenneth,  25,  842,  878 

Lances  of  Lynwood,  The,  25,  849 

Little  Duke,  The,  25,  834 

Pilgrimage  of  the  Ben  Beriah,  25, 
822 

Prince  and  the  Page,  The,  25,  849 

Reputed  Changeling,  A,  25,  857 

Story  of  the  Christians  and  Moors 
in   Spain,  8,  548 

Stray   Pearls,  25,  838 

Two  Penniless  Princesses,  25,  850 

Unknown  to  History,  25,  853,  872 
Yorktown  Campaign  and  the  Surren- 
der  of   Cornwallis,    1781,   The,   24, 

1110 
Yoruba-speaking  Peoples  of  the  Slave 

Coast  of  West  Africa,  The,  19,  325 
Youma,  25,  889 
Young,  Alexander: 

History  of  the  Netherlands,  13,  599 
Young,  Arthur: 

Tour  in  Ireland,  1776-1778,  12,  382 

Travels  in  France  During  the  Years 
1787,  1788,  1789,  9,  502,  10,  508 
Young  Buglers,  The,  25,  865 
Young  Colonists,  The,  25,  885 
Young  Franc-Tireurs,  The,  25,  844 
Young  Ireland,  12,  382 
Young  Macedonian,  A,  25,  824 
Young  Pioneers,  The,  25,  891 
Young  Queen  of  Hearts,  The,  25,  854 
Young  Zemindar,  The,  25,  831 
Younghusband,  G.  J.: 

Indian  Frontier  Warfare,  5,  401 
Yoxall,  James  Henry: 

Smalilou,  25,  862 
Yule,  Sir  Henry: 

Book  of  Ser  Marco  Polo  the  Vene- 
tian, concerning  the  Kingdoms 
and  Marvels  of  the  East,  5,  401, 
6,  330 


Zachary  Phips,  25,  895 

Zambesia:    England's    El-Dorado    in 
Africa,  19,  326 

Zangwill,  Israel: 

Dreamers  of  the  Ghetto,  25,  823 
King  of  Schnorrers,  The,  25,  824 
Mantle  of  Elijah,  The,  25,  867 
Maker  of  Lenses,  The,  25,  877 


Zanoni,  25,  829 

Zehn  Jahre  africanischen  Lebens,  19, 

321 
Zehn  Jahre  deutscher   Kamffe,    1865- 

1874,  18,  459 
Zeller,  Edward: 

Outlines    of    Greek    Philosophy,    2, 

SS9 
Zeller,  J.: 

Histoire   Resumee  dTtalie,  4,  419 
Pie  IX,  et  Victor  Emmanuel,  4,  422 
Zend  Avesta  in  Sacred  Books  of  the 

East,  The,  1,  437 
Zenobia,  25,  822,  826 
Zermatt  and  Matterhorn,  13,  560 
Zimmerman,  Alfred: 

Die    europaischen    Kolonien    Schil- 

derung    ihrer    Entstehung,     Ent- 

wickelung,    Erfolge  und  Aussich- 

ten,  20,  399 

Die     Kolonialpolitik     der     Nieder- 

lander,  20,  409 
Die    Kolonialpolitik    Frankiecs,    20, 

409 
Die      Kolonialpolitik      Grossbritan- 

niens,  19,  324,  20,  405 
Die    Kolonialpolitik    Portugals    und 
Spaniens,  8,  549,  20,  400,  403,  21, 
358 
Welt      politisches:      Beitrage      und 
Studien   zur  neueren    Kolonialbe- 
wegung,  20,  399 
Zimmern,  Helen: 

Hansa  Towns,  The,  18,  459 
Zinkeisen,  Johann  Wilhelm: 

Geschichte    des    Osmanischen 
Reiches  in  Europa,  14,  513 
Zionists,  The,  25,  824 
Zola,  Emile: 

Attack    on     the     Mill;     and     other 

Sketches  of  War,  The,  25,  844 
Conquest  of  Plassans,  The,  25,  843 
Downfall,  The,  25,  844 
Fortune  of  the  Rougons,  The,  25, 

843 
His  Excellency,  25,  843 
Mysteries    of    Marseilles,    The,    25, 
843 
Zoroaster,  25,  822 

Zoroaster,  ein  Beitrag  zur  vergleichen- 
den  Geschichte  der  Religionen  und 
philosophischen  Systeme  des  Mor- 
gen-  und   Abendlandes,   1,  437 


AUTHORS   AND   TITLES  1053 

Zschokke,  Johann  Heinrich  Daniel:  Zur    deutsche    Geschichte    vom    Re- 
Rose  of  Disentis,  The,  25,  877  ligions-frieden     bis     zum     dreissig- 

Zung,  L.:  jahrigen  Krieg,  18,  458 

Die  gottesdienstlichen.  Vortrage  der  Zury,    the    Meanest    Man    in    Spring 

Juden,  1,  441  County,  25,  897 

Anonymous 

Arabian     Nights'     Entertainments,  Girl  of  the  Multitude,  A,  25,  840 

The,  25,  822  High  Treason,  25,  862 

Black  Danes,  The,  25,  846  Life   of   Saint  Mary   Magdalen,   The, 

Brave  Dame  Mary,  25,  846  25,  823 

From    the    Front:    Stories    from    the  Pandurang  Hari,  25,  831 

Seat  of  War,  25,  886  Pericles,  25,  824 


INDEX  TO  ARTISTS, 
ILLUSTRATIONS,  AND  MAPS 


ARTISTS,  ILLUSTRATIONS, 
AND  MAPS 


Abbot,  L.  F.: 

Lord  Horatio  Nelson,  n,  546 
Abduction  of  Goshirakawa,  7,  56 
Acadians,  Embarkation  of,  20,  160 
Acquisition  of  territory  by  the  United 

States  (map),  24,  986 
Adam,  Victor: 

The  Court  of  Napoleon  I,  9,  324 
Adamo,  Max: 

Last     Interview    Between    William 
of    Orange    and    Count    Egmont, 
13,  102 
Ademollo,  C: 

The    First    Meeting   between    King 
Victor   Emmanuel   and   Garibaldi, 
4,  384 
Africa:  see  also  List  of  Illustrations, 

vol.  19 
Africa  according  to  Herodotus  (map), 

19,  8 
Africa    after    the    Berlin    Conference, 

(map),  18,  118 
Africa,  British  (map),  20,  257 
Africa,     British     Central     and     South 

(map),   19,  230 
Africa,  Darkest,  In  the  Heart  of,  19, 

Frontispiece 
Africa,  East  (map),  19,  187 
Africa,    French     (map),    20,    277 
Africa,    Railroads    and    Water    High- 
ways  (map),  19,  299 
Africa,    South    (map),   20,   219 
Africa,  1815  (map),  19,  43 
African    Campaign,   Scene   of   Caesar's 

(map),  3,  361 
African   Coast,  Discoveries  and  Voy- 
ages along  (map),  19,  19 


Ainos  Worshipping,  7,  26 

Ak-Kapana,  The  Gate  of,  21,  214 

"Alabama,"  Sinking  of,  24,  882 

Alaric  the  Goth  Enters  Rome,  4,  140 

Albazin,  The  Surrender  of,  6,   Fron- 
tispiece 

Alexander  the  Great,  2,  500 

Alexander,  Death  of,  2,  504 

Alexander  Tames   Bucephalus,  2,  482 

Alexander   III    and   Frederick   Barba- 
rossa,  Meeting  of,  18,  152 

Alexander's     Empire     in     the     East 
(map),  5,  68 

Alfonso    VIII    on    the    Battlefield   of 
Tolosa,  8,  100 

Alhambra,    The    Lions'    Court    in,    8, 
no 

Aljubarota,  Joam  I  of  Portugal  Gains 
the  Victory  at,  8,  498 

Alps,  Hasdrubal  Crosses  the,  3,  128 

Alva,  Duke  of,  13,  no 

America,  Central   (map),  22,  440 

America,  Spanish  (map),  20,  44 

Amerigo  y  Aparici,  F.  J.: 
The  Sack  of  Rome  by  the  Troops 
of  Charles  V,  4,  304 

Ancestors,  Worship  of,  6,  40 

Ancient   Empires:   see   List   of   Illus- 
trations, vol.  1 

Andalusia,  8,  122 

Andersen,  Hans  Christian,  16,  4 

Anglo-India,  1760  (map),  5,  185 

Anne    Boleyn,    Henry    VIII    Wooes, 
11,  246 

Anno  1793,  10,  286 

Antartic  Regions  (map),  16,  333 

Antoninus  Pius,  4,  94 

Apis,   Procession  of  the   Sacred   Bull, 
1,  42 


1057 


1058 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Apollo,  Priestess  of,  2,  12 

Appius  Claudius  is  Led  into  the  Ro- 
man Senate,  3,  78 

Arabian  Empire  under  the  Last  of  the 
Omayyads,  The  (map),  I,  326 

Aragon  (map),  8,  229 

Archimedes,  Death  of,  3,  124 

Argentine-Republic:  see  List  of  Illus- 
trations, vol.  21 

Ariosto,  4,  318 

Aristotle,  2,  484 

Armada,  Spanish,  Destruction  of,  23, 

54 
Arrival  of  a  Semitic  Horde,  1,  18 
Art,  Early  Babylonian,  1,  76 
Ashur-bani-pal's  Battle  against  Teum- 

man  of  Elam,  1,  90 
Asia,  600  B.  C.   (map),  2,  121 
Asia,  ca.  1400  A.  D.  (map),  5,  338 
Asia,    Assyrian    Ascendency     in,     ca. 

660  B.  C.   (map),  1,  86 
Asia,  The  Russian  Advance  in  Central 

(map),  5,  367 
Aspasia  and   Pericles,  2,  254 
Assaye,  Battle  of,  5,  13* 
Assyria:  see  List  of  Illustrations,  vol. 

I 
Assyrian  Ascendency  in  Asia,  ca.  660 

B.  C.  (map),  I,  86 
Assyrian  Empire,  Dismemberment  of, 

ca.  585  B.  C.   (map),  1,  159 
Atahualpa  is  Garrotted  at  the  Stake, 

21,  20 
Athenian  Empire,  The,  ca.  445  B.   C. 

(map),  2,  259 
Athens,  An  Audience  in,  2,  152 
Augustus,  Statue  of,  4,  36 
Austria    after    Peace    of    Passarowitz 

(map),  14,  291 
Austria  after  the  Treaties  of  Utrecht 

and   Rastadt,    1713-1714    (map),   17, 

190 
Austria  at  beginning  of  17th  century 

(map),  17,  205 
Austria,   1815   (map),   17,  322 
Austria-Hungary,  Races  of  (map),  17, 

8 
Austria-Hungary:  see  also  List  of  Il- 
lustrations, vol.  17 
Austrian  Empire,  1848  (map),  17,  362 
Autochthons  of  New  Zealand,  20,  210 


B 


Baal-Moloch,  Driving  the  Living  Vic- 
tims into  the  Furnace  of,  1,  126 

Babylonia:   see  also   List  of   Illustra- 
tions,  vol.    1 

Babylonia    and    Assyria,    1250    B.    C. 
(map),  1,  65 

Babylonian  Art,   Early,   1,  76 

Babylonian  Cylinders,  The  Oldest,  1, 
66 

Bacon,  Sir  Francis,  11,  310 

Balaca,  R.: 

An    Attack    by    Basque    Carlists    in 
the  War  of  1872-1876,  8,  512 

Baldwin    VI    Grants    Flandrian    Con- 
stitution,  13,   24 

Baltic,    Russia's    Acquisition    on    the 
(map),  16,  253 

Baltic    Lands,    The,    ca.    1000    A.    D. 
(map),  15,  5 

Baltic  Lands,  The,  early  12th  century 
(map),  16,  84 

Baltic      Lands,     The,      17th     century 
(map),  16,  177 

Baltic    Lands,    The,    ca.    1701    (map), 
15,  116 

Baltic    Lands,    The,    ca.    1795    (map), 
15,  205 

Bannockburn,  Battle  of,  12,  280 

Bannockburn,    Battle    of    (map),    12, 
279 

Barbarians,  Invasion  of  the,  3,  302 

Barbassan,  M.: 

Pedro  III  of  Aragon  Hastening  to 
the    Succor  of  Messina,   8,  244 

Barrias,  F.  J.: 

Camille    Desmoulins    in    the     Gar- 
den of  the  Palais  Royal,  10,  56 

Barricade    during    the    Revolution    of 
1830,  A,  9,  390 

Bastile,    In   the    Lowest   Dungeon   of 
the,   10,  66 

Bathory,    Stephen,    Russian    Embassy 
Begs,  for  Peace,  15,  80 

Baur,  A.: 

Emperor  Otto  I  Views  the  Body  of 
Thankmar,  18,  108 

Beck,  David: 

Christina,    Queen    of    Sweden,    16, 
204 


ARTISTS    AND    ILLUSTRATIONS 


1059 


Beckman,  W.: 

The  Hussite  Wars,  17,  136 
Behaim,   Martin,    Map   of  the   World 

by  (map),  20,  36 
Belgium:    see    also    List    of    Illustra- 
tions, vol.  13 
Belgium  and  Holland   (map),  13,  302 
Benburb,  Battle  of  (map),  12,   121 
Benczur,  Gyula: 

Entry    of    the    Victorious    Austrian 
Troops  into  the  Fortress  of  Buda, 
17,  230 
The   arrest   of   Francis    Rakoczi   II, 
17,  232 
Berkeley,  Stanley: 

Charge  of  the   Scots   Greys   at  the 
Battle    of    Waterloo,    9,    Frontis- 

I         piece 
For  God  and  For  King,  11,  Fron- 
tispiece 
Judge  Lynch,  24,  596 
Berlin,      The      Plenipotentiaries      at, 

1878,  14,  486 
Berlin       Conference,       Africa       after 

(map),  18,  118 
Bibal,   the    Black   Abyssinian,    Chants 
the     Adzan     from     the     top     of     a 
Minaret,   14,   Frontispiece 
Bida,  A.: 

Massacre  of  the   Mamelukes,   1,   38 
Biow: 

Friedrich        Heinrich        Alexander, 
Baron  von  Humboldt,  22,  228 
Bismarck,  18,  420 
Bodyguard   of  a   Persian   King,   The, 

5,  318 
Bohemia,    Campaign   in,    1866    (map), 

18,  411 
Bohrdt,  Hans: 

Admiral    Drake's    Squadron    Inter- 
cepting the   Mexican   Galleon,  22 

134 
Bolivar,  Statue  of,  21,  84 
Boomers    Entering    Oklahoma    Terri- 
tory, 24,  986 
Bosphorus,    The,    and    Constantinople 

(map),  14,  87 
Boston  and  Environs    (map),  23,  232 
Boston   Massacre,  The,  23,  216 
Boyne,  Battle  of  the  (map),  12,  142 
Bravi  Receiving  Reward  from  Council 
of  Three,  4,  248 


Brazil:  see  also  List  of  Illustrations, 

vol.  21 
Brazil  (map),  21,  173 
Bridgman,   Frederick  A.: 

Procession  of  the  Sacred  Bull  Apis, 

1,  42 
The  Diversions  of  a  Persian   King 
1,178 
Brierly,  O.  W.: 

Caribbean    Sea    Pirates     Attacking 

Spanish  Galleons,  22,  414 
Destruction  of  the  Spanish  Armada, 
23,  54 
British  Africa  (map),  20,  257 
British  Central  Africa  (map),  19,  230 
British    Colonies    in    the    South    Seas 

(map),  20,  181 
British    Isles    during    the    Great    Re- 
bellion  (map),  11,  350 
British     Isles     in     the     8th     Century 

(map),  12,  251 
British   Possessions,    1903    (map),    11, 

631 
British  Possessions   in   Farther   India 

(map),  5,  211 
British   South   Africa    (map),    19,   230 
Brompton,  Richard: 

William    Pitt,    First    Earl    of    Chat- 
ham, 11,  500 
Brozik,  Vaclav: 
A    Hussite    Priest    Administers    the 
Holy    Communion,    17,    Frontis- 
piece 
The  Engagement  of  the  Grandchil- 
dren of   Maximilian  I,  17,   174 
The  Imperial  Deputies  Are  Thrown 
out  of  the  Window  of  the  Council 
Chamber,  18,  Frontispiece 
Bruening,  E.: 
Assassination  of  Gustavus   III,   16, 
248 
Brussels,   Mary  of   Burgundy   Swears 

to  Respect  the  Rights  of,   13,  50 
Bucephalus,  Alexander  Tames,  2,  482 
Buda,  Entry  of  Austrian  Troops  into, 

17,  230 
Buddha  and  his  Disciples,  5,  56 
Bull,  Procession  of  the  Sacred,  1,  42 
Burbage,  R.: 

William  Shakespeare,  11,  302 
Burgundy  and  France,  Border  Lands 
of  (map),  9,  122 


1060 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Burgundy's  Dominions  under  Charles 
the  Rash  (map),  13,  49 

Burnand,  E.: 
The  Flight  of  Charles  the  Bold  Af- 
ter the  Battle  of   Nancy,   13,  408 

Burr,   Aaron,   and   Alexander    Hamil- 
ton, Duel  between,  23,  402 


Caesar,  Gaius  Julius,  3,  362 
Caesar,   Assassination   of,   4,   Frontis- 
piece 
Caesar's  African  Campaign,  Scene  of 

(map),  3,  361 
Cain,  G.: 

A    Barricade    During    the    Revolu- 
tion of  1830,  9,  390 
Calhoun,  John  C,  23,  472 
Camoens,  8,  540 
Camphausen,  William  von: 

Maria    Theresa,    Empress    of    Aus- 
tria, 17,  252 
Canaan,     Route     of     Israelites     from 

Egypt  to  (map),  1,  375 
Canossa,  Henry  IV  at,  18,  134 
Capitol,  The,  Washington,  D.  C,  24, 

826 
Capitoline  Geese,  The,  3,  58 
Caracalla,  4,   102 

Caracas,  Statue  of  Bolivar  in,  31,  84 
Caravan  of  Pilgrims  on  the  Road  to 

Mecca,  1,  340 
Caribbean  Sea  Pirates  Attack  Spanish 

Galleons,  22,  414 
Carlists,    An    Attack    by    Basque,    8, 

512 
Carlos   I,  8,   340 
Carpentier,  E.: 

The  Revolution  in  the  Vendee,  1795, 
10,  350 
Carthage  and   her   Maritime  and   Co- 
lonial Dominion  (map),  3,  92 
Carthage  and  Rome  at  End  of  First 

and  Second  Punic  Wars   (map),  3, 

no 
Carthage,   Storming  the   Byrsa  of,  3, 

164 
Cassowary,    Gauchos    Following    the, 

21,  118 


Castres,  E.: 
In    a    Japanese    Artist's    Studio,    7, 
106 

Catharine  de'   Medici,   9,   142 

Catherine  the  Great,  15,   164 

Catilina,  Cicero  Denounces,  3,  282 

Caucasian  Provinces,  The   (map),  14, 
363 

Cavour,  4,  372 

Caxton  Exhibits  his  Press  to  Edward 
IV,  11,  230 

Cecil,    William,    Lord    Burghley,    11, 
274 

Cederstrom,  G.  von: 

The   Body  of  Charles  XII    Carried 
from  Frederikshald,  15,  66 

Celline,  Benevenuto,  4,  254 

Central  America  (map),  22,  440 

Cervera,   Defeat   of,   at   Santiago,   24, 
1030 

Champagne,  Phillippe  de: 
Cardinal  Richelieu,  9,  184 

Champlain,     Samuel     de,     Route     of 
(map),  23,  49 

Champlain  Surrenders  Quebec  to  Ad- 
miral Kirke,  20,  82 

Chappel,  A.: 
The    Inca    Atahualpa    is    Garrotted 
at  the  Stake,  21,  20 

Chapultepec,    Storming   of,   24,   550 

Chapultepec,  The  Castle  of,  22,  366 

Charge  of  the  Scots  Greys,  9,  Fron- 
tispiece 

Charles    V,    Holy    Roman    Emperor, 
Death  of,  8,  352 

Charles  I  of  England,  11,  321 

Charles  I  of  England,  Death  Warrant 
of,  11,  360 

Charles  II  of  England,  11,  398 

Charles  XII  of  Sweden,  Body  of,  car- 
ried  from   Frederikshald,  15,  66 

Charles    XII    of   Sweden,    Campaigns 
of  (map),  is,  45 

Charles    XII    of   Sweden,   during   the 
Battle   of   Poltava,   16,  220 

Charles  the  Bold,  18,  216 

Charles  the  Bold,  The  Flight  of,  13. 
408 

Charles    the    Rash,    Burgundy's    Do* 
minions  under  (map),  13,  49 

Charleston  Harbor  (map),  24,  712 


ARTISTS    AND    ILLUSTRATIONS 


1061 


Charter  Grants,  English,  in  America, 
33,  98 

Chartran,  T.: 
Ambroise  Pare   Performs  the  First 
Ligature   Operation   upon  an  Ar- 
tery, 9,   146 

Chase,  Hispano-Americans  Following 
the,  20,  24 

Checa,  Ulpiano: 
The    Destruction    of    Pompeii    and 
Herculaneum,  4,  82 

Childeric  III   Dethroned,  9,  38 

Chili:    see   also   List   of   Illustrations, 
vol.  21 

Chili,  Threshing  out  Grain  in  Modern, 
21,  230 

China:  see  also  List  of  Illustrations, 
vol.  6 

China  and  Manchura,  Foreign  Spheres 
of  Influence  in  (map),  7,  278 

China,    Districts    Ravaged    by    Insur- 
rection (map),  6,  216 

China,  Northern   (map),  6,  45 

China  Proper  (map),  6,  31 

China,  The  Dowager  Empress  of,  6, 
278 

China,       The       Southern      Provinces 
(map),  6,  84 

China,  Treaty  Ports  (map),  6,  166 

Chinese  Eastern  Coast  (map),  6,  139 

Chinese   History,    Heroes   and    Hero- 
ines from  Early,  6,  26 

Chinese    Justice,    Administration     of, 
6,   180 

Chino-Japanese  War  (map),  6,  267 

Chino-Japanese    War,    First    Engage- 
ments of  (map),   7,  261 

Christian    of    Brunswick    Sacking    a 
Cloister,    18,   270 

Christina,  Queen  of  Sweden,  16,  204 

Cicero  Denounces  Catilina,  3,  282 

Cicero,  Marcus  Tullius,  3,  316 

Cimbric  Fury,  The,  3,  192 

Circumpolar     Stations,     The     (map), 
16,  319 

Clairin,  G.: 
The  Conquerors  of  Damascus,  1,  278 

Clay,    Henry,  23,   452 

Clay,    Henry,   Addresses    the    Senate, 
24,  602 

Clovis   Receives   Baptism,   9,   18 

Code   of  Hammurabi,   1,    112 


Coello,   Alonso   Sanchez: 

Don  John  of  Austria,    14,   196 

Cogen,  Felix: 
Peter  the  Great  at  Zaardam,  15,  32 

Colombia:   see   also   List   of   Illustra- 
tions, vol.  21 

Colombia    (map),   21,  89 

Colonies   of  the   World:    see   List   of 
Illustrations,  vol.  20 

Columbus,   Isabella  Pledges  her  Jew- 
els to,  8,  186 

Commercial      Centers,     Chief     South 
American    (map),  21,   268 

Commercial    Towns    of    the    Middle 
Ages,   13,   60 

Commune    in    Paris,    The    Reign    of 
the,   9,  47o 

Communion,    The,    a    Hussite    Priest 
Administers,  17,  Frontispiece 

Congo    Region    (map),   19,   73 

"  Congress,"    "  Merrimac  "    Sinks   the, 

24,  754 

Conquerors  of  Damascus  Laying  the 

Spoils    of    their    Victory    at    Abyla 

before    the     Invincible     Khalid,     1, 

278 
Conrader,  G.: 

Storming    the    Byrsa    of    Carthage, 
3,   164 
Conradin    Hears    his   Death   Warrant 

Read,  18,  170 
Constant,  Benjamin: 

The  Emperor  Justinian  Orders  the 
Compilation  of  the  Laws  of  the 
Empire  into  a  Code,  2,  532 

Entry  of  Mohammed   II  into  Con- 
stantinople,  14,  80 
Constantinople     and     the     Bosphorus 

(map),    14,    87 
Constantinople,  Entry  of  Mohammed 

II  into,  14,  80 
Cooper,  Samuel: 

Charles   II,    II,  398 
Corday,         Charlotte,         Assassinates 

Marat,  10,  268 
Cormon,  F.: 

The  Victors  of  the  Battle  of  Sala- 
mis    Singing    Pseans    to    Neptune 
and  the  God  of  War,  2,  204 
Cortez,  Hernando,  22,  74 
Cortez  in  the  Battle  of  Otumba,  22, 

40 


1062 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Cortez,   March  of,  to  Mexico   (map), 

22,  53 
Cotando,  V.  Nicolau: 

The     Expulsion     of     the     Moriscos 
from  Granada,  8,  370 
Courbet,    Admiral,   Storming   of   Hue 

by,  20,  273 
Court  of  Solomon,  1,  388 
Cranach,   Lucas: 

Martin    Luther,    18,   244 
Cressy,  The  Battle  of,  9,  94 
Crimea,  The  Peninsula  of  the  (map), 

14,  456 
Crimean  War,  The   (map),   15,   314 
Cromwell,    Oliver,    11,   321 
Crusade,  Preaching  the  First,  18,  138 
Cylinders,  The   Oldest  Babylonian,  1, 

66 
Cyrus  the  Great,  Tomyris   Laves  the 

Head  of,  in  Blood,  1,  162 


Danes,   Conversion   of  the,   to   Chris- 
tianity, 16,  30 
Dante,  4,  278 
Danube  Canal,  The   New   (map),   17, 

416 
Darkest  Africa,  In  the  Heart  of,   19, 

Frontispiece 
Darwin,  Charles  Robert,  II,  612 
David,   Jacques   Louis: 

Socrates    Drinks    the    Hemlock,    2, 

Frontispiece 
Leonidas    at    the     Pass     of     Ther- 
mopylae, 2,  192 
The  Sabine  Women,  3,  20 
Davidson,  J.  O.: 

The   "Merrimac"  sinks  the  "Con- 
gress," 24,  754 
The  Sinking  of  the  "  Alabama "  by 
the  "  Kearsarge,"  24,  882 
Degrain,  Munoz: 

Queen  Isabella  Pledges  her  Jewels, 
8,  186 
Delaroche,  Paul: 

Napoleon   Crossing  the   Saint    Ber- 
nard, 10,  438 
Lord    Strafford    on    the    Road    to 
Execution,  11,  338 
Delhi,  At  the  Court  of  the  Mogul  at, 
5,   Frontispiece 


Delort,  C: 

Expedition   Against   Louisburg,   23, 
164 
Delphi,    Priestess    of    Apollo    on    the 

Tripod  at,  2,   12 
Demosthenes,  2,  464 
Denmark:    see    also   List   of   Illustra- 
tions, vol.  16 
Denmark     in     the     Age     of     Vikings 

(map),  16,  17 
Deputies,  The   Imperial,  Are  Thrown 

out  of  the  Window  of  the  Council 

Chamber,    18,    Frontispiece 
Descartes,   Rene,   13,  482 
Desmoulins,    Camille,   in    the    Garden 

of  the  Palais  Royal,  10,  56 
Desnoyers,  Baron: 

Thomas   Jefferson,   23,   386 
Destruction  of  Roman  Legions  in  the 

Teutoburg   Forest,  4,  44 
Detaille,  E.: 

General    Negrier    Attacking    Lang- 
son,  6,  250 
Diaz,   22,    Frontispiece 
Dicksee,   Frank: 

The  Forcible  Embarkation  and  Ex- 
patriation of  the  Acadians  by  the 
English  in   1755,  20,   160 
Dietz,  Fedor: 

The  Destruction  of  Heidelberg,  18, 

304 
Dinant,  The   Massacre  at,   13,  42 
Discoveries    and    Voyages    along    the 

African   Coast   (map),   19,   19 
Discovery,     Progress    of    Portuguese 

(map),  20,  34 
Discovery,    Voyages    of    (map),    II, 

232,   21,   9 
Disraeli,   Benjamin,   Earl  of  Beacons- 
field,    11,   624 
Diversions  of  a   Persian  King,  1,  178 
Djem  in   Rome,   14,   112 
Dominions      and      Dependencies      of 

Alexander,  ca.  323  B.  C.   (map),  2, 

506 
Dowager   Empress  of  China,  The,  6, 

278 
Doyle,  Richard: 

Daniel    O'Connell,    12,   226 
Dragon,    The    Procession    of    the,    6, 

162 
Drake's     Squadron     Intercepting    the 

Mexican  Galleon,  22,  134 


ARTISTS    AND   ILLUSTRATIONS 


1063 


Dresden  Maya  Manuscript,  22,  82 

Duel  between  Aaron  Burr  and  Alex- 
ander Hamilton,  23,  402 

Dumas,  Alexander,  9,  490 

Dumenil: 

Louis  XVI,  10,  24 

Duplessis,  Joseph  Silfrede: 
Benjamin    Franklin,   23,  236 

Dupray,  N.: 
Death  of  General  Wolfe,  20,  118 

Durand,   G.: 

Lobengula   Warriors   Assegaing   an 
English  Trooper,   19,  220 


E 


East,     Alexander's     Empire     in     the 
(map),  5,  68 

East  in  the  Time  of  Mithradates  and 
Tigranes,  The  (map),  3,  214 

East  Indies,  1906   (map),  20,  287 

East    Indies,    Portuguese,    16th    cen- 
tury (map),  20,  47 

Eastern    Hemisphere,    German    Terri- 
tory in  (map),  20,  301 

Ecuador:    see    also    List    of    Illustra- 
tions, vol.  21 

Ecuador   (map),  21,  89 

Edo       Government,       Downfall       of 
(map),  7,  168 

Edward   I   Presents  the   First   Prince 
of  Wales,  11,  144 

Edward     IV,     Caxton     Exhibits     his 
Press  to,  11,  230 

Edward   J.V,  Murder  of  the   Children 
of,   10,  220 

Edward   VI,    11,  264 

Egger-Lienz,    Albin: 

The  Call  to  Arms  of  the  Tyrolean 
Peasants,  17,  296 

Egmont,      Count,     and      William      of 
Orange,   13,   102 

Egmont,    Guards    paying    Homage   to 
Body    of,    13,    Frontispiece 

Egypt:  see  also  List  of  Illustrations, 
vol.   1 

Egypt,  Ancient   (map),  1,  7 

Egypt  to  Canaan,  Route  of  Israelites 
from    (map),    1,    375 

"  1807,"   10,   Frontispiece 

1812,   War  of   (map),  23,  421 

Elizabeth,  11,  274 


Elizabeth,    Coronation   of,   17,   398 

Empress  of  China,  The  Dowager,  6, 
278 

England:  see  also  List  of  Illustra- 
tions, vol.  11 

England,  Christian  Missions  (map), 
11,  26 

England,  Northern,  and  Scotland, 
I7I5-I745    (map),   12,  361 

England,  Saxon   (map),  11,  49 

England,  South  of,  1 685-1689  (map), 
11,  432 

English  Charter  Grants  in  America 
(map),  23,   98 

English,    Hongkong  ceded   to   the,   6, 

134 
English  Possessions  in  France  (map), 

ii,  129 
English    Settlements    in    India,    Early 

(map),  5,  164 
Entry    of    Godfrey    de    Bouillon    into 

Jerusalem,  9,  70 
Erasmus,  Desiderius,   13,  62 
Eumenes  II  Appealing  to  the  Roman 

Senate,  3,  148 
Europe,    1815    (map),   9,  373,   10,   500, 

18,  397 

Europe,    end   of   7th    century    (map), 

17,  24 

Europe,  Central,  ca.  980  A.  D.  (map), 

18,  117 

Europe,  Central,  10th  century  (map), 

17,  177 

Europe,    Central,    10th   and    12th   cen- 
turies (map),  13,  348 
Europe,  Central,   1180  (map),   18,  154 
Europe,    Central,    in    the    Early    16th 

century   (map),  4,  294 
Europe,  Central,  1810  (map),  18,  378 
Europe,     Northeastern,     1700     (map), 

18,  318 

Europe,  Southeastern,  at  the  Time  of 

the     Entrance     of     the     Ottomans 

(map),  14,  26 
Europe,    Southeastern,    ca.    910   A.    D. 

(map),    17,   43 
Europe,      Southeastern,      during     the 

Crusades,    1095-1270    (map),    17,   92 
Europe,     Southeastern,     1906     (map), 

17,  425 

Expulsion  of  the  Moriscos,  The,  8, 
370 


1064. 


THE    HISTORY    OF    NATIONS 


Farthest  North  (map),  16,  323 
Feast  of  Nabonidus,  The,  I,  400 
Five  Maratha  Houses,  The  (map),  5, 

134 
Flameng,  Frangois: 

The  Last  Supper  of  the  Girondists, 
10,  264 

Marie  Antoinette  on  the  way  to  her 
Execution,  10,  278 
Florence,    Campanile    and    Dome    at, 

4,  284 
Florence,  Savonarola  Preaches   in,  4, 

282 
Formosa,    Pescadores,    and    Wei-hai- 

Wei  (map),  7,  270 
Forrestier,  A.: 

The  Sultan  of  Morocco,  19,  246 
Fort  Ki-kwan,  Assault  against,  7,  312 
France:    see    also    Lists    of    Illustra- 
tions, vols.  9   and  10 
France    after    the    Expulsion    of    the 

English  (map),  9,  118 
France,  Ancient  Provinces  of  (map), 

10,  6 
France  and  Burgundy,  Border  Lands 

of   (map),   9,    122 
France  at  the   Height  of  Napoleon's 

Power  (map),  10,  468 
France,      Campaigns      of      1813-1815 

(map),   10,  489 
France,       English      Possessions      in 

(map),  11,  129 
France,  Historic  Places  of  the  Revo- 
lutionary Epoch  (map),  10,  211 
France,   The    Barrier   Towns    (map), 

9,  225 
France,    The    Three    Bishoprics    and 

Lorraine   (map),  9,    146 
France,    The     Vendean     Insurrection 

(map),  10,  344 
France  under  Hugh  Capet  (map),  9, 

64 
Francis    Joseph,    Coronation    of,    17, 

398 
Francis    Rakoczi   II,   The   Arrest   of, 

17.  232 
Franklin,  Benjamin,  23,  236 
Frederick   Barbarossa   and  Alexander 

III,  Meeting  of,  18,  152 
Frederick   the    Great    at   the    Bier   of 

General  Schwerin,  18,  334 


Frederick  the  Great  before  the  Battle 

of  Leuthen,  17,  244 
Frederick    William,    the    Great    Elec- 
tor,  Receives   French   Emigres,  18, 

300 
Frederick  the  Handsome,  Capture  of, 

17,  100 
Frederick    III,    Ambassador    of,    and 

the  Grand  Vizier  Raghib  Pasha,  14, 

3i8 
French  Africa  (map),  20,  277 
French  Emigres,  Frederick  the  Great 

Elector  Receives,  18,  300 
French     Knights     at    the     Battle     of 

Cressy,  The,  9,  94 
Frenzeny,   F.: 

The  Worship  of  Ancestors,  6,  40 
Friedland,  Napoleon  at,  10,  Frontis- 
piece 
Friedrich,  O.: 

Henry  IV  at  Canossa,  18,  134 
Fritsche,  O.: 

The  Cimbric  Fury,  3,  192 
Fiigel,  Gebhard: 

St.  Ambrose,  Bishop  of  Milan,  Re- 
fuses the  Emperor  Theodosius 
Admission  into  his  Church,  2,  528 


Galileo,  John  Milton  Visits  the  Aged, 

4,  322 
Galloit,  Louis: 

The  Civic-Guards  of  Brussels  Pay- 
ing  Their    Last    Homage   to   the 
Bodies    of    Counts    Egmont    and 
Horn,  13,  Frontispiece 
Garfield,    President,    Inauguration   of, 

24,  932 
Garibaldi,   4,   372 
Garibaldi   and    Victor    Emmanuel,   4. 

384 
Garibaldi's  Campaign  in  the  Two  Si- 
cilies, i860  (map),  4,  385 
Gasca,  Pedro  de  la,  21,  26 
Gattic,  A.: 

Lafayette's      First      Meeting     with 
Washington,  23,  268 
Gauchos    Following    the    Cassowary, 

21,  118 
Gaul  in  the  Time  of  Caesar  (map),  3» 

293 


ARTISTS   AND   ILLUSTRATIONS 


1065 


Gaupp,  G.: 

Christian  of   Brunswick   Sacking  a 
Cloister,  18,  270 
Geese,  The  Capitoline,  3,  58 
Geets,  W.: 

The    Attempt    to    Restore    Reason 
to  Joanna  of  Spain,  13,  52 
George  III,  II,  570 
Gerard,  F.: 

Louis  de   Camoens,  8,  540 

Josephine,  Empress  of  the  French, 
10,  480 
German    Territory     in     the     Eastern 

Hemisphere  (map),  20,  301 
Germania  Magna  (map),  18,  14 
Germany:   see   also    List   of   Illustra- 
tions, vol.  18 
Germany,  1648  (map),  18,  294 
Germany,  Territories  of,  1903   (map), 

18,  450 
Gerome,  Jean  Leon: 

Police  Verso,  3,  382 

Persian  Carpet  Bazaar,  5,  368 

Bilal  Chants  the  Adzan,  14,  Frontis- 
piece 
Gheerards,  Marc: 

William  Cecil,  Lord   Burghley,   11, 
274 
Ghent,  Entry  of  Maximilian  into,  18, 

218 
Giaradet,  P.  J.: 

Reign  of  the  Commune  in  Paris,  9, 
470 
Gilbert,  Sir  John: 

The  Salon  of  Madame  de   Mainte- 
non,  9,  216 

Richard   II    Resigns   the   Crown   to 
Henry  of  Lancaster,   11,   186 
Giotto: 

Dante    Alighieri,    4,    278 
Girondists,  The   Last   Supper   of,    10, 

264 
Gisbert,  A.: 

Landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  at 
Plymouth,  23,  84 
Godfrey  de   Bouillon,   Entry   of,   into 

Jerusalem,  9,  170 
Goethe,   18,  352 
Gordon,  Murder  of,  19,  84 
Goshirakawa,  Abduction  of,  7,  56 
Graeff: 

Schiller,  18,  352 


Grain,  Threshing  out,  in  Modern 
Chili,  21,  230 

Granada,  Surrender  of,  8,  Frontis- 
piece 

Granada,  The  Lion's  court  in  the  Al- 
hambra  at,  8,  no 

Grand  Army,  Return  of,  from  Russia, 
9,  342 

Gravelotte,  Battle  of,  9,  464 

Greece:  see  also  List  of  Illustrations, 
vol.  2 

Greece,  ca.  550  B.  C.  (map),  2,  19 

Greece  at  the  Outbreak  of  the  Pepo- 
ponnesian  War,  431  B.  C.  (map),  2, 

273 
Greece  during  the  Invasion  of  Xerxes 

(map),  2,  213 
Greece,    Homeric    Map    of    (map),   2, 

37 
Greek    Colonies    in    Sicily    and    Italy 

(map),  2,  221 
Grey,   Lady  Jane,   11,  270 
Griepankerl,  Christopher: 

Eumenes    II   appealing   to   the   Ro- 
man Senate,  3,  148 
Grotemeyer,  Franz: 

Commissioners  arranging  the  Peace 
of  Westphalia,   13,  216 
Guards  paying  Homage  to  the  Bodies 

of   Counts   Egmont   and   Horn,   13, 

Frontispiece 
Guesnet,  Louis: 

Roland    in    the    Battle   of    Ronces- 
valles,  9,  42 
Guillonet,  O.  D.  V.: 

The  Invasion  of  the  Barbarians,  3, 
302 
Guinea,  Gulf  of  (map),  19,  108 
Gustavus  (I)  Vasa,  Abdication  of,  16, 

158 
Gustavus    (II)    Adolphus,    Body    of, 

Carried  to   Sweden,  16,   184 
Gustavus    III,    Assassination    of,    16, 

248 

H 

Hadrianus,   4,  90 
Hals,   Franz: 

Michel  de  Ruyter,  13,  232 

Rene  Descartes,   13,  482 
Hamilton,  Alexander,  23,  322 


1066 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Hamilton,      Alexander,      and      Aaron 

Burr,  Duel  between,  23,  402 
Hammurabi,  Code  of,  I,  112 
Hannibal,   3,    146 

Hannibal  Crosses  the  Rhone,  3,  130 
Hasdrubal  Crosses  the  Alps,  3,  128 
Hastings,  Warren,  5,  188 
Hauschild,  Wilhelm: 

Charles   XII   During  the   Battle  of 
Poltava,  16,  220 
Healey,  G.  P.: 

Daniel  Webster  Delivers  his  Great 
Speech   Against   the   Doctrine   of 
Nullification,  33,  490 
Heere,  Lucas  de: 

Lady  Jane  Grey,  II,  270 
Heidelberg,  Destruction  of,  18,  304 
Hellquist,  C.  G.: 

Valdemar  IV  of  Denmark  Sacks 
Wisby,   16,   114 

The  Body  of  Gustavus  Adolphus 
Conveyed  from  the  Harbor  of 
Wolgast,  16,  184 

John    Huss   is    led   to   the    Funeral 
Pyre,  17,  124 
Hennebicq,  A.: 

Baldwin  VI  Grants  the  First  Flan- 
drian  Constitution,   13,  24 
Henry    IV,    Holy    Roman    Emperor, 

at  Canossa,  18,   134 
Henry    VI,    Holy    Roman    Emperor, 

Henry  the  Lion  Before,  18,  156 
Henry  VIII  of  England,  11,  236 
Henry  VIII  of  England    Woos  Anne 

Boleyn,   11,  246 
Henry    III    of    France    and    his    Pet 

Dogs,  9,  164 
Henry  the  Lion  before  Henry  VI,  18, 

156 
Herculaneum    and   Pompeii,    Destruc- 
tion of,  4,  82 
Herodotus,      Africa      According      to 

(map),  19,  8 
Herodotus     Reads     his     History     at 

Olympia,  2,  260 
Heroes     and     Heroines     from     Early 

Chinese  History,  6,  26 
Hersent,  Louis: 

Abdication   of   Gustavus   Vasa,    16, 
158 
Hildebrandt,  E.: 

Pericles  and  Aspasia,  2,  254 


Hindu    Temple,    The    Interior    of,    5, 

84 
Hispaniola,  Naval  Expedition  against, 

22,  180 
Hispano-Americans      Following      the 

Chase,  20,  24 
Holbein,  Hans: 

Henry  VIII,   11,  236 
Desiderius  Erasmus,  13,  62 
Holland:    see    also    List    of    Illustra- 
tions, vol.  13 
Holland  and  Belgium  (map),   13,  302 
Holstein  and  Slesvig   (map),   16,   271 
Holy  Alliance  Compact,  The,  23,  446 
Holy  Roman  Empire,  The  (map),  4, 

189 
Holyrood    Castle,    Murder    of    Rizzio 

at,  12,  316 
Homer,  2,  38 
Hongkong  ceded    to    the   English,   6, 

134 
Hongkong,    The    Procession    of    the 

Dragon  in,  6,  162 
Horn,     Guards     paying     Homage     to 

Body  of,    13,  Frontispiece 
House     of     Parliament,     Dublin,     12, 

Frontispiece 
Hudson,  Lower,  Loss  of  (map),  23, 

245 
Hudson,  Upper,  Struggle   for   (map), 

23,  256 

Hue,  Storming  of,  20,  273 

Hugo,  Victor,  9,  490 

Hulm,  K.  F.: 

Massacre      of      St.      Bartholomew, 
Paris,   1572,  9,   158 

Humboldt,  Alexander  von,  22,  228 

Huntington,  Daniel: 

A    Reception  at    Martha   Washing- 
ton's House,  23,  372 

Huss,    John,    is    led    to    the    Funeral 
Pyre,  17,  124 

Hussite  Priest  Administers  the  Com- 
munion, A,  17,  Frontispiece 

Hussite  Wars,  The,  17,  136 


Imperial  Deputies  Are  Thrown  out 
of  the  Window  of  the  Council 
Chamber,  18,  Frontispiece 


ARTISTS    AND    ILLUSTRATIONS 


1067 


Inca    and    Coya    Attended    by    their 

Ccumillu,  21,  Frontispiece 
India:   see   also   List  of  Illustrations, 

vol.  5 
India  (map),  II,  503 
India,  1800  (map),  20,  144 
India,    Early   English   Settlements   in 

(map),  5,   164 
India,     Farther,     British    Possessions 

in  (map),  5,  211 
India,  Physical  Features  (map),  5,  14 
India,  Railroads  of  (map),  5,  224 
Indian   Empire,  The,    1886    (map),   5, 

268 
Indulgence,  Letter  of,  18,  234 
Invasion  of  the    Barbarians,   The,   3, 

302 
Ireland:  see  also  List  of  Illustrations, 

vol.    13 
Ireland,  1550  (map),  12,  81 
Ireland,  Five  Provinces  of  (map),  12, 

22 
Irish  Manuscript,  Facsimile  of  an,  12, 

32 
Isabella    Pledges    her   Jewels   to    Co- 
lumbus, 8,  186 
Isabey,  Jean  Baptiste: 

The  Congress  of  Vienna,  17,  312 
Israel      and      Judah,      Kingdoms      of 

(map),  1,  396 
Israel,  Tribes  of   (map),  1,  396 
Issus,  Battle  of,  2,  492 
Isurikoff,  U.  J.: 

The  Conquest  of  Siberia,  15,  18 
Italian      Cities,      Trade      Routes      of 

(map),  4,  237 
Italian   Sphere   in   Africa    (map),    19, 

211 
Italy:   see  also   List   of   Illustrations, 

vol.  4 
Italy   after   the    Congress    of   Vienna 

(map),  4,  350 
Italy,  Campaigns  in,  1794-1800  (map), 

10,  382 
Italy,    Greek    Colonies    in    (map),    2, 

221 
Italy   in   the   15th   century    (map),   4, 

266 
Italy,  Rome  as  Mistress  of  (map),  3, 

86 
Italy,  The  Peoples  of  Early  (map),  3, 

60 


Ivan  the  Terrible,  Death  of,  15,  14 
Ivanovics,  P.: 

The  Destruction  of  the  Roman  Le- 
gions under  Varus,  4,  44 


Jacquerie,  The,  9,  100 

Jain  Temple,  The  Interior  of  a,  5,  64 

James  I,  II,  310 

James  II  hears  News  of  the  Landing 

of  the  Prince  of  Orange,  11,  428 
Jameson,  Dr.,  Raid  of,  19,  278 
Jamin,  P.: 

In    the    Lowest    Dungeon    of    the 
Bastile,  10,  66 
Janet: 

Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  12,  326 
Janssen,  P.: 

Prayer    of    the    Swiss    Before    the 
Battle  of  Sempach,   13,  380 

Henry   the    Lion    Before    the    Em- 
peror Henry  VI,  18,  156 
Japan:   see  also  List  of  Illustrations, 

vol.  7 
Japan,  before  the  5th  century  (map), 

7,  10 
Japan,  12th  century  (map),  7,  61 
Japan,   Central   (map),  7,   124 
Japan,   Island   Possessions   of   (map), 

7,  193 
Japan,  Northern  (map),  7,  85 
Japan,  Sea  of,  Battle  of  (map),  7,  315 
Japan,   Southern    (map),   7,   99 
Japanese      Advance      to      Liao-yang 

(map),  7,  309 
Japanese  Artist's  Studio,  In  a,  7,   106 
Japanese    Fishing    with    Cormorants, 

7,8 
Japanese  Lady  being  Ferried  across  a 

River,  7,  150 
Japanese    Nobleman,    Home   of  a,    7, 

44 
Japanese    Ports    Opened    to    Foreign 

Trade   (map),   7,    159 
Japanese  Torpedo  Boats  nearing  Port 

Arthur,  7,  306 
Jefferson,  Thomas,  23,  386 
Jerusalem,  70  A.  D.  (map),  4,  80 
Jerusalem,     Entry     of     Godfrey     de 

Bouillon  into,  9,  170 


1068 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Jews,  Pharaoh's   Hosts   Pursuing  the 

Fleeing,  I,  374 
Joam  I  of  Portugal  Gains  the  Victory 

at  Aljubarota,  8,  298 
Joan  of  Arc  on  Trial,  9,  116 
Joanna  of  Spain,  Attempt  to  Restore 

Reason  to,  13,  52 
John  of  Austria,  Don,  14,  196 
John     of     England     Confirming     the 

Great  Charter,  11,  126 
John    II    of    France,    Capture    of,    at 

Poictiers,  9,  98 
John    Sobieski    Raises    the    Siege    of 

Vienna,  14,  250 
Josephine,    Empress    of    the    French, 

10,  480 
Joy,  W.  G.: 

The  Murder  of  General  Gordon,  19, 

84 

Juarez,  22,  Frontispiece 

Judah  and  Israel,  Kingdom  of  (map), 

1,  396 
"Judge  Lynch,"  24,  596 
Julian    de'    Medici,    Assassination    of, 

4,  268 
Justice,  Administration  of  Chinese,  6, 

180 
Justice,  The  Sword  of,  1,  350 
Justinian  Orders   Compilation   of  the 

Laws  into  a  Code,  2,  532 


K 


Kiushti,  Insurrection  in  (map),  7,  181 
Klein,  E.: 
Tilly   Enters    the   Burning   Magde- 
burg, 18,  280 
Kmille,  Otto: 

Foot  Races  at  Olympia,  2,  44 
The  School  of  Plato  at  Syracuse,  1, 
414 
Knackfuss,  H.: 
Capture    of    Frederick    the    Hand- 
some,  17,   100 
Knapp,  G.: 
The  Court  of  the  King  of  Zion,  18, 
250 
Kneller,  Sir  Godfrey: 
John  Locke,  11,  418 
Sir  Isaac  Newton,  11,  418 
Koberstein,    B.: 

Anno  1793,  10,  286 
Koekkoek,  H.  W.: 
The    Japanese    and    Russian    Com- 
manders   of    the    Late    War,    7, 
Frontispiece 
Korea  (map),  7,  117 
Korea  and  Manchuria  (map),  7,  268 
Kossak,  Wojciech: 

"All  is  quiet  at  Warsaw,"   15,  324 
Krike,    Admiral,    Champlain    Surren- 
ders Quebec  to,  20,  82 
Kuehnert,  William: 

In   the   Heart  of   the   Dark   Conti- 
nent, 19,  Frontispiece 


Kaempfer,  E.: 

The  Death  of  Nero,  4,  68 
Kampf,  Arthur: 

The    Return    of    the    Grand    Army 

from  Russia,  9,  342 
Conversion  of  the  Danes,  16,  30 
Frederick  the  Great  before  the  Bat- 
tle of  Leuthen,  17,  244 
Kaulbach,  Hermann: 
Louis   XI    of   France   in   Prison   at 

Peronne,  9,  122 
Entertainment     afforded     Djem     in 
Rome,   14,   112 
King  of  Zion,  The  Court  of  the,  18, 

250 
Kirchbach,  F.: 
Joam  I  of  Portugal  Gains  the  Vic- 
tory at  Aljubarota,  8,  298 


Lafayette's  First  Meeting  with  Wash- 
ington, 23,  268 

Land,     Cession     of,     to     the     United 
States,  1784-1802  (map),  23,  316 

Langenmantel,  Ludwig  von: 

Savonarola    Preaches    in    Florence, 
1494,  4,  282 

Langlois,  Charles: 
The    Last    Charge   at    Missolonghi, 
14,  416 

Langson,  Negrier  Attacking,  6,  250 

Last  Call  to  Arms,  The,  17,  296 

Latium,  Ancient   (map),  3,  8 

Laurens,  Jean  Paul: 

Maximilian     Going    to     Execution, 
24,  876 


ARTISTS   AND    ILLUSTRATIONS 


1069 


Le  Brun,  Madame  Vigee: 
Marie  Antoinette,  10,  24 
Legions,    Destruction    of    Roman,    4, 

44 
Leif    Ericson    and    his    Adventurous 

Crew,  23,  20 
Leire,  Rolf  Krake  holds  Court  at,  16, 

Frontispiece 
Lely,  Sir  Peter: 

Charles  I,   II,  320 
Lenbach,  Franz  von: 

Moltke,  18,  420 

Bismarck,  18,  420 
Lenoir,  Paul: 

The    Persian    Army    Capturing    Pe- 
lusium,   1,  32 

A    Japanese     Lady    being     Ferried 
across  a  River,  7,  150 
Leon,  Charles  Hermann: 

Henry  III,  the  last  of  the   Valois, 
and  his  Pet  Dogs,  9,  164 
Leonidas     and     his     Three     Hundred 

Spartans,  2,  192 
Lepage,  Bastian: 

Victor  Hugo,  9,  490 
Lessi,  T.: 

John  Milton  Visits  Galileo  at,  4,  322 
Letter  of  Indulgence,  18,  234 
Leuctra,  Battle  of  (map),  2,  434 
Leuthen,  Battle  of,  16,  244 
Li  Hung  Chang,  6,  204 
Liao-yang,      Japanese      Advance      to 

(map),  7,  309 
Limerick,  Battle  of  (map),  12,  147 
Lincoln,  Abraham,  24,  680 
Lindenschmit,  Wilhelm: 

Alaric   the    Goth   Enters    Rome,   4, 
140 
Lindner,  F.: 

Japanese    Torpedo    Boats    Nearing 
Port  Arthur,  7,  306 
Linne,  Karl  von,  16,  4 
Lions'     Court     in    the     Alhambra     at 

Granada,  8,  no 
Lissa,  Admiral  Tegethof  at,  18,  408 
Livingstone,  David,  19,  52 
Lizcano,  A.: 

Pizarro      Dares      his      Discouraged 
Companions  to   Follow  Him,  21, 
18 
Llaneros  of  the  Apure  Plain  in  Ven- 
ezuela, 21,  62 


Lobengula     Warriors     Assegaing    an 

English  Trooper,  19,  220 
Locke,  John,  II,  418 
Lorraine    and    the    Three    Bishoprics 

(map),  9,  146 
Louis  XI  of  France,  9,  126 
Louis  XI  of  France  in  Prison,  9,  122 
Louis  XIV  at  the  Salon  of  Madame 

de  Maintenon,  9,  216 
Louis  XVI,  10,  24 
Louis   XVI,   during   the   Storming    of 

the  Tuileries,  10,  194 
Louis   XVI,   Mob   Escorting  back  to 

Paris,  10,  96 
Louis   XVI    and   Family,   Last   Inter- 
view of,  10,  236 
Louisburg,     Expedition     against,     23, 

164 
Louisburg,  Siege  of  (map),  23,  185 
Lublin,  The  Union  of,  15,  376 
Lucas,  C: 

William    the     Conqueror     and     his 
wife  Mathilda,  11,  66 
Lucas,  Seymour: 

The  Captain  of  "Mother  of  God," 
Surrenders    to    the    English    Ad- 
miral, 20,   Frontispiece 
Luminais,  E.  V.: 

Childeric  III  Receives  the  Tonsure 
and  is  Encloistered,  9,  38 

Viking  Marauders,   16,   12 
Luther,  Martin,  18,  244 
Luther  at  the  Diet  of  Worms,  18,  240 
Lycurgus,   2,   60 

Lydia  in  560  B.  C.  (map),  I,  145 
"  Lynch,  Judge,"  24,  596 


M 


Maccari,  C: 

Appius    Claudius    is    Led    into    the 
Roman  Senate,  3,  78 

Cicero  Denounces  Catilina,  3,  282 
Macdonalds,    The,    at    the    Battle    of 

Bannockburn,  12,  280 
Machiavelli,  4,  254 
Maclise,  Daniel: 

Caxton  Exhibits  his  Press  to  King 
Edward  IV,  II,  230 
Magdeburg,  Tilly  Enters,  18,  280 
Maintenon,  Madame  de,  9,  226 


1070 


THE    HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Maintenon,  Madame  de,   Salon  of,  9, 

216 
Majuba  Hill,  Battle  of,  20,  230 
Makowsky,  K.: 

Pilgrims    on    the    Road    to    Mecca, 
I.  340 

The  Death  of  Ivan  the  Terrible,  15, 

14 
Malmstrom,   August: 

Rolf   Krake   Holds   Court  at  Leire, 
16,  Frontispiece 
Mamelukes,  Massacre  of  the,   1,  38 
Manchuria  (map),  6,  45 
Manchuria  and  Korea  (map),  7,  268 
Manchuria,  Foreign  Spheres  of  Influ- 
ence in  (map),  7,  278 
Mann,  Harrington: 
The    Macdonalds    at   the   Battle    of 
Bannockburn,   12,  280 
Maratha  Houses,  The  Five  (map),  5, 

134 

Marathon,  Battle  of  (map),  2,  167 

Marco   Polo,  Routes  of  (map),  6,  20 

Marcus   Aurelius   Antoninus,  4,  98 

Maria  Theresa,  17,  252 

Marie  Antoinette,  10,  24 

Marie    Antoinette    during   the    Storm- 
ing of  the  Tuileries,  10,  194 

Marie     Antoinette,     Mob     Escorting 
back  to  Paris,  10,  96 

Marie  Antoinette  on  the  Way  to  her 
Execution,  10,  278 

Marius,  Gaius,  3,  222 

Marlborough,    John    Churchill,    Duke 
of,  11,  454 

Marston  Moor,  Battle  of,  11,  Frontis- 
piece 

Mary  I  of  England,  11,  270 

Mary  of  Burgundy  Swears  to  Respect 
the  Rights  of  Brussels,  13,  50 

Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  12,  326 

Massacre  at  Dinant,  The,  13,  42 

Massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew,  The,  9, 
158 

Massacre  of  the  Mamelukes,  1,  38 

Massacre,  The  Boston,  23,  216 

Mateijko,  B.  Alois: 

The    Russian    Embassy    Begs    Ste- 
phen Bathory  for  Peace,  15,  80 

Mateijko,  John: 
The  Union  of  Lublin,  15,  376 

Maximilian  I,  18,  226 


Maximilian     I,     Engagement     of    the 

Children  of,  17,  174 
Maximilian   I,   Entry  of,  into    Ghent, 

18,  218 
Maximilian   Going  to   Execution,    24, 

876 
Maya  Manuscript,  22,  82 
Mecca,    Caravan   of   Pilgrims    on   the 

Road  to,  1,  340 
Mecca,  Mohammed  Enters,  1,  230 
Media,  N.: 

The  Defense  of  Saragossa,  8,  488 
Medici,   Julian   de', '  Assassination    of, 

4,  268 
Mediterranean,      Showing      Phoenicia, 

Eastern  (map),  1,  118 
Meissonier,  E.: 

"  1807,"   10,   Frontispiece 
Melingue,  M.  Lucien: 

Robespierre  in  the  Hall  of  the  Con- 
vention, 10,  318 
Menshikov    in    Exile    in    Siberia,    15, 

Frontispiece 
Merrill,  F.  T.: 

The  Boston  Massacre,  23,  216 
"  Merrimac  "    Sinks    the    "  Congress," 

24,  754 
Merte,  H.: 

The   Murder  of  the   Emperor   Paul 
I,  15,  208 
Messina,    The    Besieged    City    of,    8, 

244 
Metz,  Siege  of,  9,  146 
Mexican    War,    The    (map),    22,    304, 

24.  553 
Mexico:  see  also  List  of  Illustrations, 

vol.  22 
Mexico,  Cathedral  of,  22,  94 
Mexico,  Valley  of   (map),  22,  341 
Miaotzu  Family,  A,  6,  94 
Michael   Angelo,   4,   296 
Mierevelt,  M.  J.: 

William  the  Silent,  13,  140 
Mignard,  Pierre: 

Madame  de  Maintenon,  9,  226 
Milan,  Cathedral  of,  4,  146 
Mill,  John  Stuart,  11,  612 
Milton,  John,  11,  352 
Milton,  John,  Visits  the  Aged  Galileo, 

A,  322 
Missolonghi,  The  Last  Charge  at,  14, 

416 


ARTISTS    AND    ILLUSTRATIONS 


1071 


Mob  Escorting  Louis  XVI  and  Marie 

Antoinette  back  to  Paris,  10,  96 
Mogul  at  Delhi,  At  the  Court  of  the, 

5,    Frontispiece 
Mohammed  Enters  Mecca,  1,  230 
Mohammed    II,    Entry   of,   into    Con- 
stantinople, 14,  80 
Moltke,  18,  420 
Mongolia    (map),    6,   45 
Moore,  Humphrey: 

The    Home    of   a   Japanese    Noble- 
man, 7,  44 
Moore,  Thomas,  12,  222 
Morgarten,  Battle  of,  13,  364 
Morghen,  Raffael: 

Torquato  Tasso,  4,  318 
Moriscos,    The    Expulsion   of   the,    8, 

370 
Moro,  Antonio: 

Philip  II  of  Spain,  8,  424 

Mary  I,  11,  270 

Marguerite,  Duchess  of  Parma,  13, 
72 

Duke  of  Alva,  13,   no 
Morocco,  Sultan  of,  on  his  way  to  the 

Kutubia  Mosque,  19,  246 
Morris,  Peter: 

Edward      I,      Presents      the      First 
Prince  of  Wales,  11,  144 
"  Mother   of    God,"    Captain    of,    Sur- 
renders   to    the     English    Admiral, 

20,  Frontispiece 
Motte,  Henry: 

Driving  the  Living  Victims  into 
the  Fiery  Furnace  of  Baal-Mo- 
loch, 1,  126 

The  Priestess  of  Apollo  on  the 
Tripod  of  Delphi,  2,   12 

The  Capitoline  Geese,  3,  58 

Hannibal  Crosses  the  Rhone,  3,  130 
Mucha,  Alfred: 

John  Sobieski  Raises  the  Siege  of 
Vienna,  14,  250 

The  Ambassador  of  Frederick  II  on 
the  Road  to  the  "  Sublime  Porte," 
14,  3i8 
Miiller,  Adam: 

Mohammed  Enters  Mecca,  1,  230 
Miiller,  Charles  Louis: 

Calling  the  Roll  of  the  Victims  of 
the  Reign  of  Terror,  10,  298 
Mummy  and  Statue  of  Ramses  II,  1, 

26 


Mund,  F.: 

Duel     Between     Aaron     Burr     and 
Alexander  Hamilton,  23,  402 
Murder   of   the    Children   of    Edward 

IV,  11,  220 
Murray,  The  Regent,  12,  320 
Mutiny,  The  (map),  5,  236 


N 


Nabonidus,  The  Feast  of,  1,  400 

Napier,  The  Amir  of  Suid  Surrenders 
to,  5,  218 

Napoleon   at    Friedland,    10,    Frontis- 
piece 

Napoleon,  Court  of,  9,  324 

Napoleon    Crossing    the    Saint    Ber- 
nard, 10,  438 

Napoleon    on    Board    the    "  Bellero- 
phon,"  9,  364 

Napoleon's     Power,     France     at     the 
Height  of  (map),  10,  468 

Napoleon's  Russian  Campaign  (map), 
15,  255 

Neal,  David: 
Watt     Watching     the     Action     of 
Steam,   11,   534 

Negrier  Attacking  Langson,  6,  250 

Nelson,  Lord,  11,  546 

Nelson,  Lord,  Death  of,  11,  556 

Nero  Caesar,  Tiberius  Claudius,  4,  50 

Nero,  Death  of,  4,  68 

Nero,  Golden  House  of  (map),  4,  67 

Netherlands,  The:  see  also  List  of  Il- 
lustrations, vol.   13 

Netherlands,  The,  1759  (map),  13,  132 

Netherlands,  The,  Showing  Height  of 
Land  (map),  13,  8 

Netherlands,  The  Austrian  (map),  13, 
190 

Neuville,  Alphonse  de: 

Battle  of  Gravelotte,  9,  464 

New  England  (map),  20,  83 

New  France  (map),  20,  83 

New  Spain  (map),  22,  9 

New  Zealand,  Autochthons  of,  20,  210 

Newton,  G.  S.: 
Thomas  Moore,  12,  222 

Newton,  Sir  Isaac,  11,  418 

Niger  Region   (map),  9,  148 

Normand,  E.: 

King    John    Confirming    the    Great 
Charter,  11,  126 


1072 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


North,  Farthest  (map),  16,  323 
Norway:    see    List    of    Illustrations, 

vol.  16 
Numantia,  Capture  of,  3,  162 


O'Connell,  Daniel,  12,  226 

Oklahoma  Territory,  Boomers  Enter- 
ing, 24,  086 

Olympian  Games,  2,  44 

Omdurman,  Battle  off,  19,  206 

Ooms,  K.: 
The  Spanish  Fury,  13,  122 

Oscar  II,  King  of  Sweden,  16,  278 

Otokar,   Body   of,   Rudolf  von   Haps- 
burg  Views,  17,  76 

Otto,  C: 
The  Feast  of  Nabonidus,  1,  400 

Otto    I    Views   the    Body   of   Thank- 
mar,  18,  108 

Ottoman     Dominions     at     Time     of 
Greatest  Extent  (map),  14,  160 

Otumba,  Battle  of,  22,  40 

Overend,  W.  H.: 

The    Mexican    Expedition    Against 

Hispaniola,  22,  180 
Battle  off  Omdurman,  19,  206 


Palais   Royal,   Camille   Desmoulins  in 

the  Gardens  of  the,  10,  56 
Panama  Canal  (map),  24,  1061 
Paraguay:    see    List    of    Illustrations 

vol.  21 
Pare,  Ambroise,   during  the   siege  of 

Metz,  9,  146 
Paris  (map),  10,  103 
Parliament,    House    of,    Dublin,    12, 

Frontispiece 
Parma,  Duke  of,  13,  158 
Parma,    Marguerite,    Duchess   of,    13, 

72 
Parnell,  Charles  Stewart,  12,  236 
Partition  of  Verdun  (map),  18,  94 
Partitions  of  Poland  (map),  17,  281 
Patagonian  Savages,  21,  242 
Paul  I,  Murder  of,  15,  208 
Peace,  Treaty  of  (1871),  Facsimile  of, 

18,  424 
Pedro  II,  20,  172 


Pedro  III  in  Sight  of  the  Besieged 
City  of  Messina,  8,  244 

Peloponnesian  War,  Outbreak  of 
(map),  2,  273 

Peloponnesus,  Spartan  Supremacy  in, 
ca.  560  B.  C.  (map),  2,  77 

Pelusium,  Persian  Army  Capturing, 
I.  32 

Penn's  Second  Visit  to  his  Colony, 
23,  no 

Pericles,  2,  284 

Pericles  and  Aspasia,  2,  254 

Persia:  see  Lists  of  Illustrations, 
vols.  I  and  5 

Persia,  Modern  (map),  5,  345 

Persian  Army  Capturing  Pelusium,  1, 
32 

Persian  Carpet  Bazaar,  In  a,  5,  368 

Persian  Empire,  Greatest  Extent  of 
the  (map),  5,  317 

Persian  King,  Bodyguard  of,  5,  318 

Persian  King,  Diversions  of,  1,  178 

Peru:  see  also  List  of  Illustrations, 
vol.  21 

Peru   (map),  21,  193 

Pescadores,  Formosa,  and  Wei-hai- 
Wei  (map),  7,  270 

Pestalozzi,  Johann  Heindrich,  13,  496 

Pesth,  Coronation  of  Francis  Jo- 
seph and  Elizabeth  at,  17,  398 

Peter  the  Great,  15,  50 

Peter  the  Great,  At  the  Court  of,  15, 
92 

Peter  the  Great  at  Zaardam,  15,  33 

Peter  the  Great,  Campaigns  of 
(map),  15,  45 

Petrarca,  4,  278 

Pharaoh  Kheops  and  his  Wife  Visit- 
ing the  Architect  of  the  Great  Pyra- 
mid at  Memphis,  1,  Frontispiece 

Pharaoh  Ramses  II,  The  Unwrapped 
Mummy  and  Statue  of  the,  1,  26 

Pharaoh's  Hosts  Pursuing  the  Flee- 
ing Jews,  1,  374 

Philadelphia,  The  Advance  on,  1777 
(map),  23,  258 

Philip  II,  8,  424 

Philippine  Islands  (map),  20,  315,  24, 

1039 

Phoenicia:  see  also  List  of  Illustra- 
tions, vol.  1 

Phoenicia,  Eastern  Mediterranean, 
Showing  (map),  1,  118 


ARTISTS   AND   ILLUSTRATIONS 


1073 


Pilgrim  Fathers,  Landing  of,  at  Ply- 
mouth, 23,  84 

Piloty,  Carl  von: 

Death   of  Alexander    the   Great,   2, 

504 
The  Assassination  of  Julius  Caesar, 

4,  Frontispiece 
Three    Bravi    Receiving    their    Re- 
ward, 4,  248 
Entry  of  Godfrey  de  Bouillon  into 

Jerusalem,  9,  70 
Henry    VIII    wooes    Anne    Boleyn, 

II,  246 
Assassination    of    Wallenstein,    18, 
286 

Ping-yang,  The  Capture  of,  7,  266 

Piombo,  Sebastiano  del: 
Raphael,  4,  334 

Pirates,  Caribbean  Sea,  Attack  Span- 
ish Galleons,  22,  414 

Pitt,  William,  11,  500 

Pizarro,  21,  26 

Pizarro  Dares  his  Discouraged  Com- 
panions to  follow  Him,  21,  18 

Plague  Districts,  The,  in  India,   1896- 
1906  (map),  5,  284 

Plataea,  Battle  of  (map),  2,  210 

Plato,  School  of,  2,  414 

Plymouth,        Landing       of       Pilgrim 
Fathers  at,  23,  84 

Poictiers,  Battle  of,  9,   98 

Poilleux-Saint-Ange,  G. : 

Suppliant  Praying  before  the  Statue 
of  Zeus,  2,  332 

Poland:  see  also  List  of  Illustrations, 
vol.  15 

Poland,  Partitions  of  (map),   17,  281 

Polar   Regions:   see   List   of   Illustra- 
tions, vol.  16 

"  Police  Verso,"  3,  382 

Polo,   Routes  of  Marco   (map),  6,  20 

Poltava,  Battle  of,   16,  220 

Pompadour,  Madame  de,  9,  244 

Pompeii    and    Herculaneum,    Destruc- 
tion of,  4,  82 

Pompeius  the  Great,  3,  266 

Port  Arthur,  Japanese  Torpedo  Boats 
nearing,  7,  306 

Portugal:    see    also    List    of    Illustra- 
tions, vol.  8 

Portugal,    Colonial    Empire    of,    early 
16th  century   (map),  8,  336 


Portugal,    Political    Divisions    of,    ca. 

910  A.  D.  (map),  8,  77 
Portugal    under    the    House    of    Bra- 

ganza,  1640  (map),  8,  475 
Portuguese    Discovery,    Progress    of 

(map),  20,  34 
Portuguese   East  Indies,  16th  century 

(map),  20,  47 
Portuguese      Empire,     16th     century 

(map),  22,  120 
Possessions     of    the     United     States, 

1906  (map),  24,  1047 
Poynter,  Edward  J.: 

At  the  Court  of  Solomon,  1,  388 
Pradilla,  F.: 

Boabdil  Surrenders  the  Keys  of  the 
Alhambra  to  Ferdinand  and  Isa- 
bella, 8,  Frontispiece 
Prayer  of  the  Swiss  before  the  Battle 

of  Sempach,  13,  380 
Predis,  Ambrogio  de: 

Maximilian  I,  18,  226 
Preliminary  Treaty,  Signing  the,  1782, 

23,  288 
Pretender,  The  Young,  Entry  of,  into 

Edinburgh,  12,  366 
Prince  of  Wales  in  India,  The,  5,  308 
Procession    of    the    Dragon    in    the 

Streets  of  Hong-Kong,  6,  162 
Procession  of   the  Sacred   Bull   Apis, 

1,  42 
Pugatchev,  Insurrection  of  (map),  15, 

169 
Punishment  of  the  Rebellious  Sepoys, 

The,  5,  238 
Pyle,  Howard: 

Penn's  Second  Visit  to  his  Colony, 
23,  no 


Q,  R 

Quaker  Trial,  23,  148 

Quebec,  Battle  of,  23,  194 

Quebec,     Champlain     Surrenders,     to 

Admiral  Kirk,  20,  82 
Quebec,  Siege  of  (map),  23,  194 
Raghib   Pasha   and   the   Ambassadors 

of  Frederick  III,  14,  318 
Railroads    and    Water    Highways    of 

Africa  (map),  19,  299 
Railroads  of  India  (map),  5,  224 


1074 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Raleigh,  Sir  Walter,  and  his  Son,  n, 

298 
Ramirez,  M.: 

Cortez    in    the    Battle    of    Otumba, 
23,  40 
Ramses  II,  1,  26 

Ramses  III,  Trial  of  Son  of,  1,  54 
Raphael,  4,  334 
Regamey,  F.: 

Administration   of    Chinese   Justice, 
6,  180 
Regnault,  H.: 

The   "  Sword  of  Justice,"   1,  350 
Reiff,  Franz: 

Conradin  Hears  his  Death  Warrant 
Read   to    Him,    18,    170 
Reign  of  Terror,  The,  10,  298 
Reign  of  the  Commune  in  Paris,  The, 

9,  470 
Reinhardt,  A.  C: 

Quaker  Trial,  23,  148 
Religious    Status,    700    A.    D.    (map), 

5,  327 

Return  of  the  Grand  Army  from  Rus- 
sia, 9,  342 

Revolution    in   the   Vendee,    The,    10, 
350 

Revolution  of  1830,  A  Barricade  dur- 
ing, 9>  390 

Revolution   of   1848,    Outbreak  of,   in 
Vienna,   17,  362 

Reynolds,  Sir  Joshua: 
Warren  Hastings,  5,  188 

Rhine    Frontier,   War   on  the    (map), 

9,   465 
Rhone,   Hannibal   Crosses  the,   3,   130 
Richard    II    Resigns   the    Crown,    11, 

186 
Richelieu,  Cardinal,  9,   184 
Richmond,   William   R. : 

An  Audience  in  Athens,  2,  152 
Richter,  Albert: 
Japanese  Fishing,  7,  8 
In  the  Country  of  the  Tuaregs,  19, 

152 
Llaneros    of    the    Apure    Plain    in 
Venezuela    Salting    Wild    Mules, 
21,  62 
Gauchos  Following  the  Cassowary, 

21,  118 
Threshing    out    Grain    in    Modern 
Chili,  21,  230 


Boomers   Entering   Oklahoma   Ter- 
ritory,  24,  986 
Richter,   Gustav : 

The  Pharaoh  Kheops   (Khufu)  and 
his  Wife,  1,  Frontispiece 
Rienzi  Elected  Tribune,  4,  222 
Rizzio,  Murder  of,  12,  316 
Robespierre,    10,   218 
Robespierre  in  the  Hall  of  the  Con- 
vention, 10,  318 
Rochegrosse,  George: 
The  Sack  of  Troy,  2,  30 
A  Roman  Mob  Murdering  the  Em- 
peror Vitellius,  4,  72 
Revolted       Peasants       Sacking      a 
Nobleman's  Castle,  9,  100 
Rochelle,  Siege  of  (map),  9,  186 
Roe,  Fred: 

Joan  of  Arc  on  Trial,  9,  116 
Roeber,  Francis: 

Court    Scene    During    the    Trial   of 
the  Son  of  Ramses  III,  1,  54 
Roland  in  the  Battle  of  Roncesvalles, 

9,  42 

Rolf  Krake  holds  Court  at  Leire,  16, 

Frontispiece 
Romako,  A.: 

Admiral  Tegethof  at  Lissa,  18,  408 
Roman  Empire  in  the  Time  of  Caesar 

(map),  3,  375 
Roman  Empire  in  the  Time  of  Dio- 
cletian (map),  4,  114 
Roman    Empire,   Prefectures   of   Con- 

stantine  and  Partition  of  East  and 

West   (map),  4,  126 
Roman    Empire   under   Augustus    and 

Tiberius   (map),  4,  54 
Rome:  see  also  List  of  Illustrations, 

vol.  3 
Rome,    Alaric    the    Goth    Enters,    4, 

140 
Rome  and  Carthage  at  End  of  First 

and   Second  Punic  Wars   (map),  3> 

no 
Rome  and  the  Eastern  Mediterranean 

States  (map),  3,  166 
Rome  as  Mistress  of  Italy  (map),  3, 

86 
Rome,  Djem  in,  14,  112 
Rome,  Sack  of,  4,  304 
Rome,  St.  Peter's,  the  Plaza,  and  the 

Vatican  of,  4,  398 


ARTISTS   AND    ILLUSTRATIONS 


1075 


Roncesvalles,  The  Battle  of,  9,  42 
Roosevelt,     Theodore,     24,     Frontis- 
piece 
Rosas,  Ortiz  de,  21,  126 
Rosetta  Stone,  The,  1,56 
Rosselin: 

Catherine  the  Great,  15,  164 
Rothermel,  P.  F.: 

Henry  Clay  Addressing  the  Senate, 
24,  602 
Rouband,  Franz: 

The  Surrender  of  Schamyl,  15,  298 
Rousseau,  Jean  Jacques,  10,  14 
Route   of   the    Israelites   from    Egypt 

to  Canaan   (map),  1,  375 
Roybet,   Ferdinand: 

The  Massacre  at  Dinant,  13,  42 
Royer,  Lionel: 

Vercingetorix   Surrenders  to   Julius 
Caesar,  3,   Frontispiece 

Storming  of  the  Breach  of  Hue,  20, 
272 
Rudolf     von     Hapsburg     Views     the 

Body  of   Otokar,   17,  76 
Russia:  see  also  List  of  Illustrations, 

vol.  15 
Russia,    1906    (map),    15,   367 
Russia,    Return    of   the    Grand    Army 

from,    9,   342 
Russian     Advance    in     Central     Asia, 

The  (map),  5,  367 
Russian         Campaign,         Napoleon's 

(map),  15,  255 
Russian      Embassy      Begs      Stephen 

Bathory  for  Peace,  15,  80 
Russia's    Acquisitions    on    the    Baltic 

(map),  16,  253 
Russo-Japanese    Peace    Envoys,    The, 

24,    1078 
Russo-Japanese  War,  Generals  of,  7, 

Frontispiece 
Ruyter,  Michel  de,  13,  232 


Sabine  Women,  The,  3,  20 

St.  Bartholomew,  The  Massacre  of, 
?,   158 

Saint  Bernard,  Napoleon  Crossing 
the,  10,  438 

St.  Peter's,  the  Plaza,  and  the  Vati- 
can of  Rome.  4,  398 


Saint  Sophia,  Interior  of,  14,  138 
Salamis,  Battle  of,  1,  166 
Salamis,  Plan  of  (map),  2,  201 
Salamis,  Victors  of  the  Battle  of,  2, 

204 
Salinas,  A.: 

Alfonso  VIII,  on  the  Battlefield  of 
Las  Navas  de  Tolosa,  8,  100 
San  Juan  de  Ulloa,  Vera  Cruz,  22,  322 
Sanger,  E.: 

Reconciliation  of  Frederick   Barba- 
rossa  and  Alexander  III,  18,  152 
Santa  Anna,  22,  276 
Santiago,   Defeat   of   Cervera   at,   24, 

1030 
Saragossa,  Defense  of,  8,  488 
Savages,  Patagonian,  21,  242 
Savonarola   Preaches   in   Florence,   4, 

282 
Scandinavia:  see  also  List  of  Illustra- 
tions, vol.  16 
Scandinavia,  1638-1815  (map),  16,  208 
Scandinavia,   United,   ca.    1400    (map), 

16,   123 
Scandinavian  Explorations  before  the 

nth  century  (map),  16,  43 
Schamyl,  The  Surrender  of,  15,  298 
Schiller,  18,  352 
Schommer,  F.: 

Alexander    Tames    Bucephalus,    2, 
482 
Schoner,  G.  F.  A.: 

Pestalozzi,  13,  496 
Schramm,  A.: 

Entry    of    Maximilian    into    Ghent, 
18,  218 
Schwerin,      General,      Frederick     the 

Great  at  the  Bier  of,  18,  334 
Scipio    Africanus,    Publius    Cornelius, 

3,  144 

Sciuti,  Giuseppi: 

Herodotus  Reads  his  History  to 
the  Greeks  Assembled  at  Olym- 
pia,  2,  260 

Scotland:    see    also    List    of    Illustra- 
tions, vol.   12 

Scotland      and      Northern      England, 
1715-1745   (map),  12,  361 

Scots  Greys,  Charge  of  the,  9,  Fron- 
tispiece 

Sea  of  Japan,  Battle  of  (map),  7,  315 

Sebastopol,   Siege   of    (map),    11,   619 

Sedan,   Surrender  of,   18,  422 


1076 


THE    HISTORY    OF   NATIONS 


Seitz,  Otto: 

The  Murder  of  the  Children  of  Ed- 
ward  IV,   II,  220 

Seller,  C: 

Signing  the  Preliminary  Treaty  at 
Paris,  November  30,  1782,  23,  288 

Semitic     Horde,     Entry     of     a,     into 
Egypt,  1,   18 

Sempach,  Battle  of,  13,  380 

Sepoys,  The   Punishment  of   the   Re- 
bellious, 5,  238 

Seringapatam,    The    Storming    of,    5, 
200 

I793>  Anno,  10,  286 

Shakespeare,  William,  11,  302 

Siberdt,  Eugene: 

The  Murder  of  Rizzio,  12,  316 

Siberia,  Conquest  of,  15,  18 

Sicily,    Greek    Colonies    in    (map),    2, 
221 

Siemiradzki,  Henry  von: 

Cremating    the     Body    of    a     Slav 
Chieftain,   17,  26 

Simpson,  Sir  George,  Establishing  his 
First  Council,  20,  168 

Sind,  The  Amir  of,  Surrenders  to  Na- 
pier, 5,  218 

Slav    Chieftain,   Cremating   the    Body 
of,  17,  26 

Slesvig  and   Holstein   (map),   16,  271 

Small,  W.: 

A  Miaotzu  Family,  6,  94 

Socrates     Drinks     the     Hemlock,     3, 
Frontispiece 

Solomon,  Court  of,  I,  388 

Solon,  2,   102 

Sourikoff,  P.  A.: 
Menshikov      with      his      Son      and 
Daughters  in   Exile,   15,   Frontis- 
piece 

South  Africa  (map),  20,  219 

South  Africa,  British   (map),   19,  230 

South  America:  see  also  List  of  Illus- 
trations, vol.  21 

South    America:    Progress   of    Settle- 
ment  (map),  21,  140 

South    America:    The    Movement    for 
Independence   (map),  21,  56 

South  American  Commercial  Centers, 
Chief  (map),  21,  268 

South      Seas,      British      Colonies     in 
(map),  20,  181 


Southern  Campaigns  in  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution   (map),  23,  280 

Spain:  see  List  of  Illustrations,  vol.8 

Spain,  New  (map),  22,  9 

Spain,  Political  Divisions  of,  ca.  910 
A.  D.  (map),  8,  77 

Spain  under  Roman  Dominion 
(map),  8,  29 

Spanish  America  (map),  20,  44 

Spanish  Armada,  Destruction  of,   23, 

54 
Spanish    Dominion    in    16th    century 

(map),  8,  217 
Spanish  Empire,  16th  century  (map), 

22,  120 
Spanish  Fury,  The,  13,  122 
Spanish    Kingdoms,    The,    14th    cen- 
tury (map),  8,  193 
Spanish      Peninsula      under     Ancient 

Tribes  (map),  8,  11 
Spartan   Supremacy   in   Peloponnesus, 

ca.  560  B.  C.  (map),  2,  77 
Spinoza,  Baruch  de,  13,  482 
Spottsylvania,  Battle  of,  24,  788 
Squindo,  T.  E.: 

The  Mob  Escorting  Back  to  Paris 
Louis     XVI     and     Marie     Antoi- 
nette,  10,  96 
Stieler,  Joseph: 

Goethe,  18,  352 
Strafford,  Lord,  on  the  Road  to  Ex- 
ecution, 11,  338 
Streetes,  Guilim: 

Edward  VI,  11,  264 
Suleiman,  Death  of,  14,  52 
Sully,  Thomas: 

Victoria,  11,  594 
Surand,  Gustaf: 

Hasdrubal  Crosses  the  Alps,  3,  128 
Sweden:  see  List  of  Illustrations,  vol. 

16 
Swedish  Revolution  (map),  16,  153 
Swift,  Jonathan,  12,  170 
Swiss  Confederation,  The  (map),  13, 

383 
Switzerland:  see  List  of  Illustrations, 

vol.  13 
Switzerland    (map),   18,   214 
Switzerland    after    the     Congress    of 

Vienna   (map),  13.  526 
Sword  of  Justice,  The,  1,  350 
Syracuse,  Siege  of  (map),  2,  336 


ARTISTS   AND   ILLUSTRATIONS 


1077 


Tacna,  Battle  of  (map),  31,  237 

Tasso,  4,  318 

Taylor,  Zachary,  22,  276 

Tegethof,  Admiral,  at   Lissa,   18,  408 

Tel-el-Kebir,  Battle  of,  19,  266 

Territorial  Possessions  of  the  United 

States,  1906  (map),  24,  1047 
Territory,     Acquisition     of,     by     the 

United  States  (map),  24,  986 
Terror,  The  Reign  of,  10,  298 
Teumman    of    Elam,    Ashur-bani-pal's 

Battle  against,  1,  90 
Teutoburg     Forest,     Destruction     of 

Roman  Legions  in,  4,  44 
Texas,    Early   Settlements    in    (map), 

22,   190 
Thankmar,    Body  of,    Otto    I    Views, 

18,   108 
Themistocles,  2,  230 
Theodosius     Refused     Admission     to 

Church,  2,  528 
Thirty   Years'   War,   The    (map),   18, 

269 
Thorismund   is    Elected   King   of   the 

Visigoths,  8,  38 
Threshing     out     Grain     in     Modern 

Chili,  21,  230 
Thulstrup: 
.  The  Siege  of  Vicksburg,  24,  776 

Battle    of    Spottsylvania,    May    12, 
.1864,  24,  788 

Battle  of  Winchester,  24,  794 
Tibet  and  Nepal   (map),  6,  101 
Tilly  Enters  Magdeburg,  18,  280 
Titian: 

Ludovico  Ariosto,  4,  318 

Carlos    I    of   Spain    (Charles   V   of 
Germany),  8,  340 
Tolosa,  Battlefield  of,  8,  100 
Tomyris    Laves    the    Head    of    Cyrus 

the  Great  in  Blood,  1,  162 
Torriglio,  G.  P.: 

Death  of  Charles  V  in  the  Cloister 
of  St.  Justus,  8,  352 
Tour,  Quentin  de  la: 

Rousseau,  10,  14 

Voltaire,  15,  196 
Trade  Routes  of  Italian  Cities  of  13th 

and  14th  centuries  (map),  4,  237 
Trafalgar,  Battle  of,  1 1,  556 
Trajanus,  4,  86 


Transvaal,  Dr.   Jameson's   Raid   into, 

19,  278 
Treaty  of  Peace,   1871,   Facsimile   of, 

18,  424 
Treaty,      Signing      the      Preliminary, 

1782,  23,  288 
Troy,  Sack  of,  2,  30 
Tuaregs,  In  the  Country  of  the,  19, 

152 
Turkey:    see    also    List    of    Illustra- 
tions, vol.  14 
Turkey    after    Peace    of    Passarowitz 

(map),  14,  291 
Turkey's   Losses   in   Europe,    17th   to 

19th  centuries  (map),  14,  509 
Two    Sicilies,    Garibaldi's    Campaign 

in  the  (map),  4,  385 

U,  V 

Ungewitter,  Hugo: 

Hispano-American     Hidalgos     Fol- 
lowing the  Chase,  20,  24 
Union  of  Italy,  The  (map),  4,  395 
United  States:  see  also  Lists  of  Illus- 
trations, vols.  23  and  24 
United  States,   1825   (map),  23,  451 
United     States:     Operations     in     the 

East   (map),  24,  759 
United     States:     Operations     in     the 

Southeast  (map),  24,  796 
United     States:     Operations     in     the 

West  (map),  24,  743 
United  States:  Reconstruction  (map), 

24,   868 
United  States:  The  North  and  South 

(map),  24,  722 
United      States:      The      West,      1840 

(map),   24,   533 
"United     States,"     The,     Takes     the 

"  Macedonian,''  23,  422 
Uruguay:    see    List    of    Illustrations, 

vol.  21 
Valdemar  IV  Sacks  Wisby,  16,  114 
Valparaiso   (map),  21,  223 
Vanaise,  G.  A.: 

Preaching    the    First    Crusade,    18, 
138 
Van   der   Faes,   Peter:    see   Van  der 

Plaas,  Pieter 
Van  der  Plaas,  Pieter: 

Oliver  Cromwell,  11,  320 

John  Milton,   11,  352 


1078 


THE   HISTORY   OF   NATIONS 


Van  der  Werff: 

John  Churchill,   Duke  of   Marlbor- 
ough, ii,  454 
Van  der  Weyden,  Roger: 

Charles  the  Bold,  18,  216 
Vansomer,  P.: 

James  I  of  England,  II,  310 

Sir  Francis  Bacon,  11,  310 
Vatican  of  Rome,  The,  4,  398 
Velasquez,  8,  380 

Velasquez,  Don  Diego  Rodriguez  da 
Silva: 

Velasquez,  8,  380 
Vendean     Insurrection,    The     (map), 

10,  344 
Vendee,   The   Revolution  in   the,   10, 

350 
Venezuela:  see  also  List  of  Illustra- 
tions, vol.  21 
Venezuela  (map),  21,  89 
Venezuela,    Llaneros    of    the    Apure 

Plain  in,  21,  62 
Vera,  Professor: 

Capture  of  Numantia,  3,  162 
Vera    Cruz,    Castle    of    San    Juan    de 

Ulloa,  22,  322 
Vercingetorix    Surrenders    to    Caesar, 

3,   Frontispiece 
Vereshchagin,  Vasili  Vasilevitch: 

Punishment    of  the   Rebellious    Se- 
poys, 5,  238 

The   Prince  of  Wales  in   India,   5, 

308 
Vespasianus,  Emperor,  4,  76 
Vicksburg,  Siege  of,  24,  776 
Victor    Emmanuel    and    Garibaldi,   4, 

384 
Victoria,  Queen,  11,  594 
Vienna  (map),  17,  414 
Vienna,  Congress  of,  17,  312 
Vienna,     Congress     of,     Italy     after 

(map),  4,  350 
Vienna,     Congress     of,     Switzerland 

after   (map),  13,  526 
Vienna,    Outbreak   of    Revolution    of 

1848  in,  17,  362 
Vienna,  Siege  of,  14,  250 
Viking  Marauders,  16,  12 
Vimont,  Edouard: 

The  Death  of  Archimedes,  3,  124 
Vinci,  Leonardo  da: 

Leonardo  da  Vinci,  4,  298 


Vitellius,  Roman  Mob  Murders,  4,  72 
Vogel,  Hugo: 

Frederick  William,  the  Great  Elec- 
tor   Receives    the    French    Emi- 
gres,  18,  300 
Voltaire,  15,  197 
Voyages    and    Discoveries    along   the 

African  Coast  (map),  19,  19 
Voyages,  Early  (map),  23,  27 
Voyages    of    Discoveries    (map),    11, 

232,  21,  9 


W 


Wagner,  Ferdinand: 

The  Battle  of  Morgarten,  13,  364 
Wales,  Prince  of,  Edward  I  Presents 

the   First,  11,   144 
Wales,  Prince  of,  in  India,  5,  308 
Wallenstein,  Assassination  of,  18,286 
War  of  1812  (map),  23,  421 
Ward,  E.  M.: 

James  II  Receives  the  News  of  the 
Landing  of  the  Prince  of  Orange, 
II,  428 
Warsaw,  All  is  Quiet  at,  15,  324 
Warthmuller,  R.: 

Frederick  the  Great  at  the  Bier  of 
General  Schwerin,  18,  334 
Washington,   D.    C,   The   Capitol    at, 

24,  826 
Washington,  George,  23,  Frontispiece 
Washington,   Lafayette's   First   Meet- 
ing with,  23,  268 
Washington  Takes  the  Oath  of  Office, 

23,  344 
Washington,  Martha,  A  Reception  at 

the  House  of,  23,  372 
Waterloo,  Battle  of  (map),  9,  362 
Watt  Watching  the  Action  of  Steam, 

«,  534 
Watts,  G.  F.: 

Charles  Robert  Darwin,  11,  612 

John  Stuart  Mill,  II,  612 
Wauters,  E.: 

Mary  of  Burgundy   Swears  to   Re- 
spect the   Ancient   Rights   of  the 
City  of  Brussels,  13,  50 
Webster,  Daniel,  24,  528 
Webster,  Daniel,  Delivers  his  Speech 

against  Nullification,  23,  490 


ARTISTS    AND   ILLUSTRATIONS 


1079 


Weeks,  E.  L.: 

At   the    Court    of   the    Mogul    Em- 
peror at  Delhi,  5,  Frontispiece 
Weertz,  J.: 
Charlotte       Corday       Assassinates 
Marat,  10,  268 
Wei-hai-Wei,    Formosa,    and    Pesca- 
dores (map),  7,  270 
Weimar: 

Alexander  Hamilton,  23,  322 
Werner,  Anton  von: 

Meeting  of  the  Plenipotentiaries  at 

Berlin,  14,  486 
Luther  at  the  Diet  of  Worms,  1521, 

18,  240 
The  Surrender  of  Sedan,  18,  422 
Proclamation   of    King   William   of 
Prussia  as  Emperor  of  Germany, 
x8,  426 
West  Indies:   see  also  List  of  Illus- 
trations, vol.  22 
West   Indies    (map),  20,  67,  22,  461, 

24,  1027 
Westphalia,    Peace    of,    Commission- 
ers Arranging,  13,  216 
Westphalia,    Peace    of,    Western    Eu- 
rope after  (map),  13,  218 
Wiles,  J.  R.: 

Washington    Takes    the    Oath    of 
Office   a,s   First  President  of   the 
United   States,  33,  344 
William,   King,   Proclaimed   Emperor 

of  Germany,  18,  426 
William    of    Orange   and    Count    Eg- 

mont,  13,   102 
William   the   Conqueror   Grants   Spe- 
cial Privileges,  11,  66 
William  the  Silent,  13,  140 
Winchester,  Battle  of,  24,  794 
Wisby,  Valdemar  IV  Sacks,  16,  114 
Wolfe,  General,  Death  of,  20,  118 
Woodville,  R.  Caton: 

A    Suliote   and    Turkish    Soldier   in 
Mortal  Combat  on  the  Edge  of  a 
Precipice,    2,    540 
The  Battle  of  Assaye,  5,  136 
The   Storming  of  Seringapatam,   5, 

200 
The    Amir    of    Sind    Surrenders    to 

Sir  Charles  Napier,  5,  218 
Surrender    of   Albazin,    6,    Frontis- 
piece 
Ratification   of   the   Treaty    Ceding 


the  Island  of  Hong-Kong  to  the 

English,  6,  134 
The  Capture  of  the   Ping- Yang  by 

the  Japanese  Army,  7,  266 
The  Charge  of  the  French  Knights 

at  the  Battle  of  Cressy,  9,  94 
Capture  of  King  John  at  the  Battle 

of  Poictiers,  9,  98 
Arabi  Pasha's  Defeat  at  the  Battle 

of    Tel-el-Kebir    by    the    English 

under  Lord  Wolseley,  19,  266 
Dr.  Jameson's  Raid,  19,  278 
Champlain   Surrenders   Quebec,  20, 

82 
Sir    George    Simpson    Establishing 

his  First  Council  of  Settlers,  20, 

168 
Battle  of  Majuba  Hill,  20,  230 
Battle  of  Quebec,  23,  194 
World,  The,  Martin  Behaim's  Map  of 

(map),  20,  36 
Worms,  Diet  of,  Luther  at,  18,  240 
Worship  of  Ancestors,  6,  40 

X,  Y,  Z 

Xerxes,  Invasion  of  (map),  2,  213 
Xerxes  Watches  the  Progress  of  the 

Battle  of  Salamis,  1,  166 
Yellow  Ford,  Battle  of  (map),  12,  97 
Yorktown,  Siege  of  (map),  23,  284 
Zeus,    Suppliant    Praying    before    the 

Statue   of,  2,  332 
Zick,  A.: 

Tomyris,    Queen    of    the    Scythian 

Tribe  of  Massagethes,  Laves  the 

Head     of     Cyrus     the     Great    in 

Blood,  1,   162 

Xerxes    Watches    the    Progress    of 

the  Battle  of  Salamis,  1,   166 
Cola  di  Rienzi  Elected  Tribune,  4, 

222 
Assassination  of  Julian  de'  Medici, 

4,  268 
Thorismund  is  Elected  King  of  the 

Visigoths,  8,  38 
Clovis    Receives    the    Holy    Sacra- 
ment of  Baptism,  9,  18 
The  Death  of  Suleiman,   14,  52 
Rudolf    von    Hapsburg    Views    the 
Body  of  Otokar,  17,  76 
Zion,  The  Court  of  the  King  of,  18, 
250 


1080              THE    HISTORY  OF   NATIONS 

Zoffani,  A.:  Sir  Walter   Raleigh   and   His   Son, 

George  III,  II,  570  11,  298 

Zucchero,  F.:  Zweigle,  W.: 

Queen     Elizabeth     (Ermine     Por-  The  Outbreak  of  the  Revolution  of 

trait),  11,  274  1848  in  Vienna,  17,  362 


A  A      000  0719617 


